TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of the phytotoxicity of saponins on weed and crop plants. AN - 78519929; 8910696 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Reddy, K N AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 73 VL - 405 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Saponins KW - Escin KW - 6805-41-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Development KW - Escin -- pharmacology KW - Seeds -- growth & development KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Saponins -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78519929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Studies+of+the+phytotoxicity+of+saponins+on+weed+and+crop+plants.&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+R+E%3BZablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BReddy%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=405&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of vitamin E on human aortic endothelial cell responses to oxidative injury. AN - 78472216; 8886801 AB - Reactive oxygen species produced by the cells present in the arterial wall may cause oxidative damage to cellular components altering endothelial cell (EC) function. Changes in the EC function appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were employed to investigate the protective role of vitamin E upon exposure of endothelial cells to oxidative stress in vitro. HAEC assimilate d-alpha-tocopherol from the media in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of HAEC to 16.5 mM of the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) for 16 h decreased cell viability (assessed by trypan blue exclusion) from 90 to 28%. HAEC preincubated with vitamin E at 15, 30, and 60 microM prior to the AAPH exposure resulted in a dose-dependent increase in resistance to oxidative stress and increased cell viability by 37, 66, and 85%, respectively. An increase in prostacyclin (PGI2) production by HAEC in response to AAPH exposure was correlated positively with cell damage and negatively with vitamin E concentration. Interleukin (IL)-1 production also increased in parallel with cell damage induced by AAPH. Vitamin E treatment significantly reduced IL-1 production after AAPH exposure. This modulatory role of vitamin E on HAEC function following exposure to an oxidative stress may reflect its antioxidant protection against lipid peroxidation. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Martin, A AU - Wu, D AU - Baur, W AU - Meydani, S N AU - Blumberg, J B AU - Meydani, M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Free Radicals KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) KW - 7381JDR72F KW - Epoprostenol KW - DCR9Z582X0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Aorta KW - Epoprostenol -- metabolism KW - Amidines -- toxicity KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- pathology KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78472216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mixed+infection+of+grapevines+in+northern+Italy+by+phytoplasmas+including+16S+rRNA+RFLP+subgroup+16SrI-B+strains+previously+unreported+in+this+host&rft.au=Alma%2C+A%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BBosco%2C+D%3BArzone%2C+A%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Alma&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fumonisin B1 in corn by capillary electrophoresis. AN - 78407433; 8850609 AB - Intact fumonisins contain two tricarballylic acid groups and can therefore acquire a net negative charge. The anionic nature of the fumonisins is the basis behind the widely used method for cleanup of corn with strong anion exchange (SAX) columns. This property also enables the fumonisins to be separated by electrophoretic techniques which, until now, have not been applied to the analysis of fumonisins in corn. Fumonisin B1, extracted from corn with 80/20 (v/v) methanol/water and isolated with a commercially available affinity column, was derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate for analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIF). Recoveries from corn fortified with 0.25 to 5.0 ppm FB1 averaged 89% (range 71 to 102%). As little as 0.05 ppm FB1 could be detected in corn. For corn naturally contaminated with FB1, the CZE-LIF method compared favorably to established SAX/HPLC and C18/HPLC methods. Capillary electrophoresis can be used for quantitation of FB1 in corn, with minimal use of organic solvents and provides an additional tool for confirming fumonisin contamination. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Maragos, C M AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Fumonisins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Mycotoxins KW - Naphthalenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde KW - 7149-49-7 KW - Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate KW - I223NX31W9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78407433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fumonisin+B1+in+corn+by+capillary+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical determination of fumonisins and other metabolites produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related species on corn. AN - 78407191; 8850605 AB - Fumonisins, secondary metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme are potent toxins that can be found in fungal contaminated corn. The detection and measurement of these toxins by HPLC with detection by an evaporative light scattering detector and by electrospray MS is reported. The light scattering detector had enough sensitivity to analyze culture materials, however, clean-up was necessary to detect fumonisins at sub-ppm levels in naturally contaminated corn extracts. The detection limit for FB1 with the light scattering detector was in the low ng range (10-50) while the detection limit of less than 1 ng injected was observed for the electrospray detector. Several previously unreported fumonisin isomers were observed in electrospray chromatograms of culture extracts. Two of these compounds, FA3 and FA4 were isolated and their proposed structure confirmed by NMR experiments. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Plattner, R D AU - Weisleder, D AU - Poling, S M AD - Bioactive Constituents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Midwest Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B4 KW - 136379-60-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78407191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Analytical+determination+of+fumonisins+and+other+metabolites+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+and+related+species+on+corn.&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BPoling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and biochemical aspects of fumonisin production. AN - 78403585; 8850615 AB - Fumonisin mycotoxins are produced by Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme) mating population A, a major pathogen of maize and sorghum worldwide. Fumonisin biosynthetic genes are being identified by genetic crosses utilizing naturally occurring fumonisin production variants. Meiotic analysis has identified three putative fumonisin biosynthetic loci. Fum1, which can control the ability to produce fumonisins, is being localized by marker-based mapping. Fum2 and fum3, which control hydroxylation of carbon-10 and carbon-5, respectively, appear to be linked. Additional experimental crosses should elucidate the linkage relationships among fum1, fum2 and fum3. When genetic analysis has localized the position of the fumonisin biosynthetic genes to a particular chromosomal region or regions, the genes will be identified by complementation of function via DNA-mediated transformation. Understanding fumonisin biosynthesis and its regulation should facilitate development of measures to control fumonisin contamination. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Proctor, R H AD - Mycotoxin Research and Bioactive Constituents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 165 EP - 173 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78403585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+biochemical+aspects+of+fumonisin+production.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of fumonisins in food and feed products prepared from contaminated corn. AN - 78403232; 8850627 AB - The fate and distribution of the fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were determined in products obtained from naturally contaminated corn used for ethanol fermentation and wet milling operations. Fumonisins are stable to the conditions used in ethanol fermentations and tend to concentrate in the distillers dried grain, a fraction generally used for animal feed. No toxin was found in the ethanol. Starch from wet milling of corn, naturally contaminated at 13.9 micrograms fumonisin B1/g, was free of detectable toxin. The other fractions contained fumonisins at the following levels: gluten (5.1-5.8 micrograms FB1/g, 4.7-4.9 micrograms FB2/g); fiber (2.7-5.7 micrograms FB1/g, 2.1-3.1 micrograms FB2/g); and germ (1.3-3.1 micrograms FB1/g, 0.7-1.6 micrograms FB2/g). The steep water and process water contained 22% of the recoverable fumonisins. A combination of analytical methodologies was required to determine fumonisins in the different products from the wet milling process. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AU - Eckhoff, S R AD - Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 317 EP - 322 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fermentation KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78403232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+fumonisins+in+food+and+feed+products+prepared+from+contaminated+corn.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BEckhoff%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and purification of fumonisin B1 and B2 from rice culture. AN - 78401238; 8850610 AB - Procedures are presented for growing Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826 on rice, separation of fumonisin B1 (FB1) from fumonisin B2 (FB2), purification of FB1 and preliminary procedures for purification of FB2. The mycotoxins were extracted from rice culture material (RCM) with acetonitrile-water (1:1), filtered, and the acetonitrile removed on a rotary evaporator. Preparative reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) was used to isolate and partially purify FB1 and FB2 from the extract. The extract was applied to a C18 reverse phase cartridge. FB1 and FB2 were eluted from the cartridge by a gradient of water-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 30 mL/min. A second preparative LC procedure using 0.5% pyridine-water and two CN cartridges was used to purify FB1. The FB2 fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to remove the acetonitrile. Acetonitrile was added back in sufficient quantity to redissolve the crystalline material in the fraction. An aliquot of the FB2 fraction was added to a centrifugal spinning silicic acid TLC plate. The centrifugal TLC plate was washed at 3 mL/min with a linear gradient of (A) chloroform-acetone(4:3) and (B) methanol-acetone (1:1) to elute the FB2. Gradient starting conditions were 10% methanol and ending conditions were 50% methanol. This preliminary study using the centrifugal spinning TLC showed the procedure to have the potential to be useful for purification of FB2. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Meredith, F I AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AU - Plattner, R D AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Agriculture Research Center USDA/ARS, Athens, GA 30604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 113 EP - 122 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- isolation & purification KW - Oryza -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78401238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+purification+of+fumonisin+B1+and+B2+from+rice+culture.&rft.au=Meredith%2C+F+I%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin toxicity and metabolism studies at the USDA. Fumonisin toxicity and metabolism. AN - 78398738; 8850620 AB - Fumonisins are responsible for many of the toxic effects of the common corn fungus, Fusarium moniliforme. They are acute renal and liver toxins in rats, and have tumor promoting activity. Fumonisin B1 is poorly absorbed, rapidly excreted, and persists in small amounts in the liver and kidney. Fumonisins are specific inhibitors of ceramide synthase, and the toxic effects they produce may be related to their ability to disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, resulting in a myriad of problems in cell regulation and communication. In this paper, research that has been conducted on F. monilforme and the fumonisins at the USDA's Russell Research Center is reviewed. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Norred, W P AU - Voss, K A AU - Riley, R T AU - Plattner, R D AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, ARS/USDA, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 225 EP - 236 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Chick Embryo KW - Food Contamination KW - Horses KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78398738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+toxicity+and+metabolism+studies+at+the+USDA.+Fumonisin+toxicity+and+metabolism.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusaric acid and pathogenic interactions of corn and non-corn isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, a nonobligate pathogen of corn. AN - 78397318; 8850616 AB - Fusarium moniliform is a nonobligate parasite of corn, which exists as a complex of closely related fungi from different mating population or biological species. Strains of this fungus isolated from corn, have been determined to belong to mating populations A, although other populations have been isolated from corn. The ultrastructural association of the fungus with corn during growth, and the effects of the host on suppression of disease suppression are reviewed. This fungus enters a relationship with corn cultivars that is not always pathogenic. Pathogenesis is delayed, if it ever occurs. F. moniliforme can exist entirely as an endophyte, systemically colonizing kernels, remaining there until germination upon which the fungus infects the emerging seedlings. The symptomless association persists during the growth cycle of corn, and the resulting endophytic hyphae may be the source of mycotoxin production. The host's ability to suppress the fungus appears to be related to one class of compounds, the cyclic hydroxamic acids and their decomposition products, which can be catabolized by the fungi of mating population A but not C. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Bacon, C W AU - Hinton, D M AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 191 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Index Medicus KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Host-Parasite Interactions KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Plant Diseases KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusaric Acid -- metabolism KW - Fusaric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- drug effects KW - Fusarium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78397318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+and+pathogenic+interactions+of+corn+and+non-corn+isolates+of+Fusarium+moniliforme%2C+a+nonobligate+pathogen+of+corn.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High dose-B-vitamin treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients. AN - 78277538; 8770960 AB - Hyperhomocysteinemia, an arteriosclerotic risk factor, persists in 75% of dialysis patients despite routine low dose supplementation with the B-vitamin co-factors/substrates for homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, and normal or supernormal plasma status of these vitamins (Atherosclerosis 114:93, 1995). We conducted a placebo-controlled eight-week trial of the effect on plasma homocysteine of adding supraphysiologic dose folic acid (15 mg/day), B-6 (100 mg/day), and B-12 (1 mg/day) to the usual daily dosing of 1 mg folic acid, 10 mg B-6, and 12 micrograms B-12, in 27 hyperhomocysteinemic dialysis patients. Total plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline, and after four and eight weeks. Blinded analyses revealed no evidence of toxicity in the group randomized to supraphysiologic dose B-vitamin supplementation. Plasma homocysteine was significantly reduced after both four weeks (-29.8% vs. -2.0%; P = 0.0024) and eight weeks (-25.8% vs. +0.6%; P = 0.0009) of active versus placebo treatment. Also, 5 of 15 treated versus 0 of 12 placebo group patients had their plasma Hcy reduced to within the normative range (< 15 mumol/liter). Supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins may be required to correct hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients. JF - Kidney international AU - Bostom, A G AU - Shemin, D AU - Lapane, K L AU - Hume, A L AU - Yoburn, D AU - Nadeau, M R AU - Bendich, A AU - Selhub, J AU - Rosenberg, I H AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 147 EP - 152 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0085-2538, 0085-2538 KW - Homocysteine KW - 0LVT1QZ0BA KW - Vitamin B Complex KW - 12001-76-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Kidney Diseases -- blood KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Kidney Diseases -- therapy KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Homocysteine -- blood KW - Vitamin B Complex -- administration & dosage KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- blood KW - Renal Dialysis KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78277538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kidney+international&rft.atitle=High+dose-B-vitamin+treatment+of+hyperhomocysteinemia+in+dialysis+patients.&rft.au=Bostom%2C+A+G%3BShemin%2C+D%3BLapane%2C+K+L%3BHume%2C+A+L%3BYoburn%2C+D%3BNadeau%2C+M+R%3BBendich%2C+A%3BSelhub%2C+J%3BRosenberg%2C+I+H&rft.aulast=Bostom&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Kidney+international&rft.issn=00852538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of detectable fumonisins in the milk of cows fed Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg culture material. AN - 78273767; 8751831 AB - Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by the ubiquitous fungi Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, were first identified about eight years ago. They have been shown to cause a variety of health effects in animals, including epidemiological evidence of esophageal cancer in humans. Cattle are less sensitive to ill effects than horses and swine. Fumonisins are common contaminants of low quality grain fed to cattle. Culture material containing fumonisins (FB1, FB2, and FB3) was mixed into the total diet and fed for 14 days to two midlactation Jersey cows to determine if fumonisins are excreted in milk. The dietary equivalent of fumonisin was approximately 75 ppm and the two cows consumed an average of 3 mg fumonisin B1/kg body weight (bwt)/day. Fumonisins were not detected in any of the milk samples by two analytical laboratories using methods with a sensitivity of 5 ng/ml. Except for transient diarrhea at the beginning of the contaminant feeding period and an increase in serum cholesterol, clinical and hematologic changes were not observed in the animals. The appearance or carry over of fumonisins from feed to milk in dairy cows does not appear to be significant and likely not a hazard or food safety concern for humans. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Richard, J L AU - Meerdink, G AU - Maragos, C M AU - Tumbleson, M AU - Bordson, G AU - Rice, L G AU - Ross, P F AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 123 EP - 126 VL - 133 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Female KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78273767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Absence+of+detectable+fumonisins+in+the+milk+of+cows+fed+Fusarium+proliferatum+%28Matsushima%29+Nirenberg+culture+material.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BMeerdink%2C+G%3BMaragos%2C+C+M%3BTumbleson%2C+M%3BBordson%2C+G%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BRoss%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant toxins. The essences of diversity and a challenge to research. AN - 78239775; 8726047 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Manners, G D AD - Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 35 VL - 391 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78239775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Plant+toxins.+The+essences+of+diversity+and+a+challenge+to+research.&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The chemistry and biological activities of the natural products AAL-toxin and the fumonisins. AN - 78236195; 8726068 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, S O AU - Shier, W T AU - Riley, R T AU - Kraus, G A AD - USDA-ARS, SWSL Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 293 EP - 308 VL - 391 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Alternaria alternata pathotoxin TA KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungi -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78236195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=The+chemistry+and+biological+activities+of+the+natural+products+AAL-toxin+and+the+fumonisins.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+S+O%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BKraus%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic oxidation products of allelochemicals as a basis for resistance against insects: effects on the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. AN - 78169732; 8726328 AB - Oxidation products of com allelochemicals generated by peroxidases or tyrosinases were tested in 10% sucrose solutions for effects on the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. Some reduction in feeding was noted with hydrogen peroxide (a cofactor for peroxidase). Significant reduction in feeding was noted with chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (MBOA), but not rutin at 400 ppm in solution. Oxidation products of these compounds all caused significantly less feeding by the leafhoppers compared to the original compound. Oxidation products generated by peroxidase from ferulic acid and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone caused significant mortality to the leafhoppers within 5 days. Thus, provided conditions are such that oxidizing enzymes and allelochemicals can interact due to damage by insects, resistance may be significantly enhanced by the oxidized products as opposed to the effects of the allelochemicals alone. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dowd, P F AU - Vega, F E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Benzoxazoles KW - 0 KW - Coumaric Acids KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Solutions KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone KW - 532-91-2 KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - ferulic acid KW - AVM951ZWST KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.18.1 KW - 4-coumaric acid KW - IBS9D1EU3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Peroxidases -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- metabolism KW - Benzoxazoles -- metabolism KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- toxicity KW - Benzoxazoles -- toxicity KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Sucrose -- chemistry KW - Coumaric Acids -- toxicity KW - Zea mays KW - Coumaric Acids -- metabolism KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism KW - Hemiptera -- physiology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- toxicity KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Plants, Medicinal -- metabolism KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78169732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+oxidation+products+of+allelochemicals+as+a+basis+for+resistance+against+insects%3A+effects+on+the+corn+leafhopper+Dalbulus+maidis.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BVega%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses. AN - 78050287; 9026086 AB - Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), a noxious weed that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), infests pastures and fields in the western United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to better diagnose PA poisoning and describe the progression of gross and microscopic lesions caused by houndstongue intoxication. Six horses were gavaged daily with a suspension of houndstongue containing 5 or 15 mg/kg total PA for 14 days. Two horses were treated similarly with ground alfalfa as controls. Liver biopsy samples and serum biochemical and hematologic values were evaluated biweekly. Within 7 days after dosing, horses treated with 15 mg/kg PA developed severe liver disease characterized by altered bile acid metabolism, elevated serum enzymes, and extensive hepatocellular necrosis with minimal periportal fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia. The condition of these animals continued to deteriorate, and they were euthanized. For several weeks after dosing, horses treated with 5 mg/kg PA were depressed, had transient elevations of serum enzymes and bile acids, and developed minimal periportal hepatocellular necrosis with fibrosis. The biochemical changes resolved by 6-8 weeks; however, the histologic disease persisted with extensive megalocytosis by week 14. Throughout the study, the rate of hepatocellular proliferation remained constant. Biliary cells had an increase in mitotic rate that correlated with the histologic changes. Hepatic tissue-bound pyrroles (PA metabolites) were identified in necropsy samples of treated animals using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and photometrically with Ehrlich's reagent. These findings suggest that pyrrole extraction and identification are useful in documenting PA exposure and that houndstongue is extremely toxic to horses. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Gardner, D R AU - James, L F AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 81 EP - 90 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Pyrroles KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Cecum -- pathology KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Horses KW - Edema KW - Biopsy KW - Infarction KW - Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Colon -- blood supply KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Dermatitis -- pathology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dermatitis -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- pathology KW - Horse Diseases KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Pyrroles -- analysis KW - Poisoning -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78050287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Pyrrole+detection+and+the+pathologic+progression+of+Cynoglossum+officinale+%28houndstongue%29+poisoning+in+horses.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of hydrolysed fumonisin B1 (HFB1) in corn by competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 78045854; 8647300 AB - Fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by certain Fusarium moulds, consists of two tricarballyic acid groups esterified to a 20-carbon backbone. Under alkaline conditions, or through metabolism, the aminopentol backbone, also known as hydrolysed Fumonisin B1 (HFB1) can be formed and is itself cytotoxic. Although the occurrence of HFB1 in corn-based foods is suspected, because of the ubiquitous nature of FB1 in corn, analytical methods for its detection are difficult. In the present report we describe a monoclonal antibody-based competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) for the rapid analysis of HFB1 in corn. The concentration required to inhibit enzyme conjugate binding by 50% (IC50) was 36 ng/ml. The limit of detection of HFB, by the CD-ELISA was 2ng/ml, when HFB1 was added in bovine serum albumin-phosphate buffered saline. The antibody also cross-reacted with the hydrolysis products of FB2, FB3, and FB4, having IC50 values of 331, 174, and 1700 ng/ml respectively. The antibody did not react with the intact fumonisins, sphingosine, sphinganine, or tricarballylic acid. Samples of corn spiked with HFB1 over the range of 5-1000 ng/g indicated the CD-ELISA has a limit of detection of 5 ng/g and an IC50 of 41 ng/g in the matrix. The CD-ELISA provides a sensitive and rapid tool for the analysis of corn-based foods for HFB1. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AU - Plattner, R D AU - Miklasz, S D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 105 EP - 113 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78045854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+hydrolysed+fumonisin+B1+%28HFB1%29+in+corn+by+competitive+direct+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BMiklasz%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactotroph and somatotroph function in piglets reared in a constant hot environment. AN - 77974498; 8594321 AB - The present study evaluated the effect of rearing in a constant hot (32 degrees C) or cool (21 degrees C) thermal environment (TE) on lactotroph and somatotroph secretory activity in 5-wk-old barrows (castrate males) and gilts (female). Pituitary cells from seven gilts and seven barrows from each TE were cultured at a density of 250,000 cells/1 ml well and exposed to vehicle (culture medium); .1, 1, 10, or 100 nM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); or .1, 1, or 10 nM growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Post-receptor cellular stimulation was induced pharmacologically with 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP (cAMP); 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); or 59 mM KCl. Prolactin secretion in culture was stimulated by TRH and by pharmacological compounds (p .5). No effects of sex (p > .3) or sex x TE interactions (p > .2) were detected in any endpoint. The results of this study demonstrate that lactotroph, but not somatotroph, secretory activity is enhanced by a constant hot TE in early postweaning pigs. This increase in secretory activity does not appear to be dependent on receptor-mediated cellular activation, but may reflect enhanced levels of cellular PRL available for release. JF - Life sciences AU - Matteri, R L AU - Becker, B A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Physiology Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 711 EP - 717 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 5Y5F15120W KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Aging KW - Cold Temperature KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Orchiectomy KW - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- drug effects KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Swine -- physiology KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- metabolism KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- secretion KW - Growth Hormone -- blood KW - Acclimatization KW - Growth Hormone -- metabolism KW - Prolactin -- metabolism KW - Growth Hormone -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77974498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Lactotroph+and+somatotroph+function+in+piglets+reared+in+a+constant+hot+environment.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BBecker%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A single nucleotide substitution in the alpha a gene confers oat pathogenicity to barley stripe mosaic virus strain ND18. AN - 77972922; 8589424 AB - A 236-nucleotide region from the alpha a gene of strain CV42 (pathogenic to oat), when substituted for the homologous region in strain ND18 (nonpathogenic to oat), was shown previously to confer a near wild-type oat pathogenicity to this strain (Weiland and Edwards, 1994, Virology 201: 116-126). The data suggested that six amino acid substitutions in the alpha a gene were responsible for the differences in oat pathogenicity, and that threonine-724, encoded by CV42, might be a critical amino acid in determining pathogenicity of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) to oat. In the present work, codons specifying T-724, I-764, and N-785 (encoded by CV42 RNA alpha) were substituted individually and in combination for those coding for P-724, T-764, and K-785 (encoded by ND18 RNA alpha), respectively, by site-directed mutagenesis. The core K-733, T-734, and K-736 positions (CV42) were substituted for Q-733, S-734, and Q-736 (ND18) as a single block. The results of inoculations with these mutants indicate that the C2261-->A2261 nucleotide substitution (P-724-->T-724) by itself is sufficient to enable strain ND18 to infect oat plants, although poorly. Additional substitution of CV42 codons into ND18 RNA alpha at the remaining five positions altered symptom type, decreased the timing of the appearance of symptoms, and increased the percentage of plants infected per inoculation. Nonetheless, all mutants accumulated to similar levels in inoculated oat protoplasts after a 24-h period. Using a recombinant RNA beta from which beta-glucuronidase could be expressed, results were obtained suggesting that the multiplication of strain ND18 and the nonpathogenic variants generated in the study was restricted in the inoculated leaf. The data indicate a potential pathway by which pathogenicity to oat evolved in BSMV. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Weiland, J J AU - Edwards, M C AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 62 EP - 67 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Viral Proteins KW - alpha a protein, barley stripe mosaic virus KW - Index Medicus KW - Hordeum -- virology KW - Base Sequence KW - Avena -- virology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Genome, Viral KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Plant Leaves -- virology KW - Plant Diseases -- virology KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Mosaic Viruses -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Genes, Viral KW - Mosaic Viruses -- pathogenicity KW - Edible Grain -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77972922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=A+single+nucleotide+substitution+in+the+alpha+a+gene+confers+oat+pathogenicity+to+barley+stripe+mosaic+virus+strain+ND18.&rft.au=Weiland%2C+J+J%3BEdwards%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Social Change on National Forests in Southern California: A Qualitative Study of Hispanic Leisure T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61715413; 96S32146 AB - In-depth interviews of 4 Hispanic families were conducted at 2 picnic areas in the Angeles & San Bernardino National Forests (CA) to examine leisure patterns & the importance of leisure in their lives. Findings show that Hispanics have many preferences for ethnic group labels, family is very important, traditional lists of activities may not match minority leisure practices, & leisure is very important to some families, particularly leisure in natural environments. Results suggest that additional study of the link between Hispanic values & leisure is needed. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Chavez, Deborah J Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 KW - leisure activities, Hispanic families KW - interviews KW - forest picnic areas, California KW - California KW - Outdoor Recreation KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Leisure KW - Parks KW - Family Life KW - proceeding KW - 0842: mass phenomena; sociology of leisure/tourism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61715413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Social+Change+on+National+Forests+in+Southern+California%3A+A+Qualitative+Study+of+Hispanic+Leisure&rft.au=Chavez%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of a daily rainfall erosivity model for New South Wales AN - 52814630; 1996-060561 JF - Australian Journal of Soil Research AU - Yu, B AU - Rosewell, C J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 152 PB - Australia, CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), Melbourne, Victoria VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0004-9573, 0004-9573 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Australasia KW - erosion KW - rainfall KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - New South Wales Australia KW - water erosion KW - simulation KW - models KW - Australia KW - seasonal variations KW - soil erosion KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52814630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+a+daily+rainfall+erosivity+model+for+New+South+Wales&rft.au=Yu%2C+B%3BRosewell%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.issn=00049573&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/84.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - Victoria N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASORAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; climate; erosion; hydrology; models; New South Wales Australia; rainfall; seasonal variations; simulation; soil erosion; soils; Universal Soil Loss Equation; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemistry of lichens and mosses in and near Mt. Zirkel Wilderness, Routt National Forest, Colorado; influences of coal-fired power plant emissions AN - 52717743; 1997-037028 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Jackson, Larry L AU - Geiser, Linda AU - Blett, Tamara AU - Gries, Corinna AU - Haddow, Dennis Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 162 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - photosynthesis KW - Mount Zirkel Wilderness KW - lichens KW - power plants KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - combustion KW - Bryophyta KW - Routt National Forest KW - USGS KW - rain KW - protection KW - organic materials KW - Plantae KW - pollutants KW - pigments KW - biochemistry KW - photochemistry KW - damage KW - pollution KW - public lands KW - chlorophyll KW - acid rain KW - wilderness areas KW - organic compounds KW - industrial waste KW - Colorado KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Larry+L%3BGeiser%2C+Linda%3BBlett%2C+Tamara%3BGries%2C+Corinna%3BHaddow%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Biogeochemistry+of+lichens+and+mosses+in+and+near+Mt.+Zirkel+Wilderness%2C+Routt+National+Forest%2C+Colorado%3B+influences+of+coal-fired+power+plant+emissions&rft.title=Biogeochemistry+of+lichens+and+mosses+in+and+near+Mt.+Zirkel+Wilderness%2C+Routt+National+Forest%2C+Colorado%3B+influences+of+coal-fired+power+plant+emissions&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 105 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 26 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; atmospheric precipitation; biochemistry; Bryophyta; chlorophyll; Colorado; combustion; damage; industrial waste; lichens; Mount Zirkel Wilderness; organic compounds; organic materials; photochemistry; photosynthesis; pigments; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; power plants; protection; public lands; rain; Routt National Forest; thallophytes; United States; USGS; vegetation; wilderness areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology of the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation and adjacent areas, south-central Missouri AN - 52710391; 1997-043055 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Harrison, Richard W AU - Orndorff, Randall C AU - Weems, Robert E AU - Albertson, Paul E AU - Mienert, Dennis AU - Butler, Grant Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 255 EP - 255, 10 sheets PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - Scale: 1:24,000 KW - Scale: 1:48,000 KW - Type: geologic map KW - Type: structure contour map KW - Type: tectonic maps KW - United States KW - spatial data KW - Missouri KW - caves KW - surficial geology KW - mapping KW - karst KW - hydrogeology KW - geologic maps KW - areal geology KW - springs KW - explanatory text KW - outcrops KW - tectonics KW - USGS KW - faults KW - stratigraphy KW - bedrock KW - Fort Leonard Wood Missouri KW - structure contour maps KW - maps KW - tectonic maps KW - military facilities KW - Pulaski County Missouri KW - 13:Areal geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52710391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Richard+W%3BOrndorff%2C+Randall+C%3BWeems%2C+Robert+E%3BAlbertson%2C+Paul+E%3BMienert%2C+Dennis%3BButler%2C+Grant&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Geology+of+the+Fort+Leonard+Wood+Military+Reservation+and+adjacent+areas%2C+south-central+Missouri&rft.title=Geology+of+the+Fort+Leonard+Wood+Military+Reservation+and+adjacent+areas%2C+south-central+Missouri&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, strat. cols. N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - areal geology; bedrock; caves; explanatory text; faults; Fort Leonard Wood Missouri; geologic maps; hydrogeology; karst; mapping; maps; military facilities; Missouri; outcrops; Pulaski County Missouri; spatial data; springs; stratigraphy; structure contour maps; surficial geology; tectonic maps; tectonics; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical/chemical behavior of incinerator bottom ash AN - 52700795; 1997-054679 JF - Environmental Geotechnology. Proceedings of the ... International Symposium AU - Sweeney, L R AU - Rivard-Lentz, D J AU - Demars, K R A2 - Fang, Hsai-Yang A2 - Inyang, Hilary I. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 416 EP - 425 PB - Technomic Publishing, Lancaster VL - 3, Vol. 1 KW - soils KW - aggregate KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - landfills KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - iron KW - ferrous iron KW - incinerators KW - ash KW - decontamination KW - metals KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52700795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geotechnology.+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium&rft.atitle=Physical%2Fchemical+behavior+of+incinerator+bottom+ash&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+L+R%3BRivard-Lentz%2C+D+J%3BDemars%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=1566764629&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geotechnology.+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 3rd international symposium on Environmental geotechnology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04504 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggregate; ash; chemical composition; decontamination; degradation; ferrous iron; incinerators; iron; landfills; leaching; metals; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; soils; solubility; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils; including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon AN - 52686223; 1997-068384 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Leventhal, Joel S AU - Ward, Larry Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 15 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - North America KW - Mississippi River basin KW - agriculture KW - bibliography KW - organic compounds KW - carbon KW - Louisiana KW - organic carbon KW - USGS KW - Arkansas KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52686223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Leventhal%2C+Joel+S%3BWard%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Leventhal&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Soil+organic+carbon+content+in+rice+soils+of+Arkansas+and+Louisiana+and+a+comparison+to+non-agricultural+soils%3B+including+a+bibliography+for+agricultural+soil+carbon&rft.title=Soil+organic+carbon+content+in+rice+soils+of+Arkansas+and+Louisiana+and+a+comparison+to+non-agricultural+soils%3B+including+a+bibliography+for+agricultural+soil+carbon&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Arkansas; bibliography; carbon; Louisiana; Mississippi River basin; North America; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; soils; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedogenesis AN - 52675188; 1997-069608 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Mermut, A R AU - Padmanabham, E AU - Eswaran, H AU - Dasog, G S A2 - Ahmad, N. A2 - Mermut, A. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 43 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 24 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - models KW - pedogenesis KW - color KW - loading KW - parent materials KW - Vertisols KW - horizons KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52675188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedogenesis&rft.au=Mermut%2C+A+R%3BPadmanabham%2C+E%3BEswaran%2C+H%3BDasog%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Mermut&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; color; horizons; loading; models; parent materials; pedogenesis; soils; Vertisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for landscape stability in Southwest Kansas during the mid-Holocene AN - 52668524; 1997-075271 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Olson, Carolyn G AU - Porter, Donna AU - Nettleton, Dennis AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 78 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 28 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - sampling KW - dates KW - carbon KW - absolute age KW - Great Plains KW - paleosols KW - horizons KW - soils KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Cimarron River KW - southwestern Kansas KW - Quaternary KW - middle Holocene KW - landform evolution KW - Kansas KW - C-14 KW - landscapes KW - Arkansas River KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52668524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+landscape+stability+in+Southwest+Kansas+during+the+mid-Holocene&rft.au=Olson%2C+Carolyn+G%3BPorter%2C+Donna%3BNettleton%2C+Dennis%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 28th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Arkansas River; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Cimarron River; dates; Great Plains; Holocene; horizons; isotopes; Kansas; landform evolution; landscapes; middle Holocene; North America; paleosols; pedogenesis; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; sampling; soils; southwestern Kansas; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical changes in soil erosion, 1930-1992; the northern Mississippi Valley loess hills AN - 52555899; 1998-060912 JF - Historical Notes - United States Department of Agriculture. Resource Economics and Social Sciences Division AU - Argabright, M Scott AU - Cronshey, Roger G AU - Helms, J Douglas AU - Pavelis, George A AU - Sinclair, H Raymond, Jr Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 92 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, Washington, DC KW - United States KW - soils KW - Minnesota KW - Winona County Minnesota KW - soil profiles KW - yields KW - Mississippi Valley KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - agriculture KW - Iowa KW - conservation KW - sediments KW - loess KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - soil management KW - changes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52555899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Argabright%2C+M+Scott%3BCronshey%2C+Roger+G%3BHelms%2C+J+Douglas%3BPavelis%2C+George+A%3BSinclair%2C+H+Raymond%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Argabright&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Historical+changes+in+soil+erosion%2C+1930-1992%3B+the+northern+Mississippi+Valley+loess+hills&rft.title=Historical+changes+in+soil+erosion%2C+1930-1992%3B+the+northern+Mississippi+Valley+loess+hills&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04496 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; changes; clastic sediments; Clayton County Iowa; conservation; erosion; Iowa; land use; loess; Minnesota; Mississippi Valley; sediments; soil erosion; soil management; soil profiles; soils; tillage; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Winona County Minnesota; yields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroxylated atrazine degradation products in a small Missouri stream AN - 52399825; 2000-012308 JF - ACS Symposium Series AU - Lerch, Robert N AU - Donald, William W AU - Li, Yong-Xi AU - Alberts, Eugene E A2 - Meyer, M. T. A2 - Thurman, E. M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 254 EP - 270 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 630 SN - 0097-6156, 0097-6156 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - Missouri KW - herbicides KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - northeastern Missouri KW - hydroxylation KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52399825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.atitle=Hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+in+a+small+Missouri+stream&rft.au=Lerch%2C+Robert+N%3BDonald%2C+William+W%3BLi%2C+Yong-Xi%3BAlberts%2C+Eugene+E&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=630&rft.issue=&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.issn=00976156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 209th national meeting of the American Chemical Society on Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACSMC8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; degradation; geochemistry; ground water; herbicides; hydroxylation; Missouri; northeastern Missouri; organic compounds; pesticides; pollution; surface water; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between atrazine and smectite surfaces AN - 52397877; 2000-012297 JF - ACS Symposium Series AU - Laird, David A A2 - Meyer, M. T. A2 - Thurman, E. M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 86 EP - 100 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 630 SN - 0097-6156, 0097-6156 KW - silicates KW - herbicides KW - surface water KW - smectite KW - pollution KW - crystal structure KW - ground water KW - clay minerals KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - sheet silicates KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52397877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+atrazine+and+smectite+surfaces&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=630&rft.issue=&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.issn=00976156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 209th national meeting of the American Chemical Society on Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACSMC8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; clay minerals; crystal structure; geochemistry; ground water; herbicides; organic compounds; pesticides; pH; pollution; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; surface water; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil bioengineering practices in Switzerland AN - 51720485; 2005-035480 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Bernard, Jerry M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 34 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 39 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - hydrology KW - stabilization KW - soil mechanics KW - rivers and streams KW - Europe KW - debris flows KW - Switzerland KW - avalanches KW - practice KW - Central Europe KW - mass movements KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51720485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Soil+bioengineering+practices+in+Switzerland&rft.au=Bernard%2C+Jerry+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 39th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - avalanches; Central Europe; debris flows; design; Europe; hydrology; mass movements; practice; rivers and streams; soil mechanics; stabilization; Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial geomorphology in emergency watershed protection AN - 51720274; 2005-035514 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Ketchem, Alica J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 52 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 39 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - meanders KW - Virginia KW - watersheds KW - Rapidan River KW - channels KW - Madison County Virginia KW - fluvial features KW - streams KW - geomorphology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51720274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Fluvial+geomorphology+in+emergency+watershed+protection&rft.au=Ketchem%2C+Alica+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ketchem&rft.aufirst=Alica&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 39th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; fluvial features; geomorphology; hydrology; Madison County Virginia; meanders; protection; Rapidan River; streams; United States; Virginia; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-geomorphic relationships near Rocky Flats, Boulder and Golden, Colorado area, with a stop at the pre-Fountain Formation Paleosol of Wahlstrom (1948) AN - 51039731; 1998-035128 JF - Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report AU - Birkeland, Peter W AU - Miller, Daniel C AU - Patterson, Penny E AU - Price, Alan B AU - Shroba, Ralph R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 13 PB - Colorado Geological Survey, Denver, CO SN - 0271-888X, 0271-888X KW - United States KW - soils KW - Quaternary KW - Jefferson County Colorado KW - clastic sediments KW - guidebook KW - Boulder County Colorado KW - Rocky Flats Plant KW - field trips KW - weathering KW - road log KW - morphology KW - Cenozoic KW - sediments KW - paleosols KW - alluvium KW - geomorphology KW - Colorado KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51039731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Birkeland%2C+Peter+W%3BMiller%2C+Daniel+C%3BPatterson%2C+Penny+E%3BPrice%2C+Alan+B%3BShroba%2C+Ralph+R&rft.aulast=Birkeland&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Soil-geomorphic+relationships+near+Rocky+Flats%2C+Boulder+and+Golden%2C+Colorado+area%2C+with+a+stop+at+the+pre-Fountain+Formation+Paleosol+of+Wahlstrom+%281948%29&rft.title=Soil-geomorphic+relationships+near+Rocky+Flats%2C+Boulder+and+Golden%2C+Colorado+area%2C+with+a+stop+at+the+pre-Fountain+Formation+Paleosol+of+Wahlstrom+%281948%29&rft.issn=0271888X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Field trip No. 27 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; Boulder County Colorado; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; Colorado; field trips; geomorphology; guidebook; Jefferson County Colorado; morphology; paleosols; Quaternary; road log; Rocky Flats Plant; sediments; soils; United States; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Horizontal cross flow filtration and rinsing of ice from saline slurries AN - 26233240; 0271766 (EN); 0271766 (CI) AB - Continuous filtration of ice slurries (with particles of about 80 mu m diameter) to generate potable water was investigated. In the filtration process the ice is driven through a stationary channel with liquid draining through narrow slots in the base. Most of the liquid drained from the slurry at ambient pressure and the residual liquid trapped in the pores of the consolidated ice bed was displaced to a vacuum after downstream rinsing with sprayed or melt water. The cost of this approach may be competitive with reverse osmosis if an automated unit is developed. JF - Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering AU - Dickey, Leland C AU - Dallmer, Michael F AU - Radewonuk, ERichard AU - McAloon, Andrew AD - Agriculture Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, USA PY - 1996 SP - 905 EP - 910 PB - Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering, 130 Slater St , Suite 550, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6E2, Canada, [mailto:MartinaMuselik[mailto:mmuselik@cheminst.ca]] VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0008-4034, 0008-4034 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Slurries KW - Ice KW - Desalination KW - Freezing KW - Potable water KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Separation KW - Flow of fluids KW - Article KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS (EN) KW - EE 801.3:Colloid Chemistry KW - EE 644.1:Refrigeration Methods (CI) KW - EE 445.1:Water Treatment Techniques KW - EE 443:Meteorology KW - EE 802.3:Chemical Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26233240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Horizontal+cross+flow+filtration+and+rinsing+of+ice+from+saline+slurries&rft.au=Dickey%2C+Leland+C%3BDallmer%2C+Michael+F%3BRadewonuk%2C+ERichard%3BMcAloon%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering&rft.issn=00084034&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1997-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moisture control strategies for the building envelope AN - 26202450; 2001-24-019115 (CE); 0216203 (EN) AB - Moisture control in the exterior building envelope should be based on two major strategies: (1) constructing and operating the building such that the moisture load on the envelope is decreased and (2) building envelope assemblies with a high tolerance for moisture. A consensus on moisture performance criteria and on appropriate assumptions for indoor moisture and temperature conditions is needed to provide a consistent basis for moisture analysis of the exterior envelope and for recommendations for moisture control strategies. Recommendations for 'desirable' or 'optimum' indoor humidity are not useful in regard to envelope performance or indoor air quality because both depend on microclimatic conditions, which are a function of the thermal integrity, air leakage characteristics, and other moisture properties of the wall, as well as exterior weather conditions. JF - J THERM INSUL BUILD ENVELOPES AU - TenWolde, Anton AU - Rose, William B AD - U.S.D.A., Madison, WI, USA PY - 1996 SP - 206 EP - 214 PB - Sage Science Press, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA, [mailto:info@sagepub.com], [URL:http://www.sagepub.com] VL - 19 SN - 1065-2744, 1065-2744 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Water KW - Moisture control KW - Construction KW - Air quality KW - Exteriors KW - Optimization KW - Leakage KW - Humidity KW - Tolerances KW - Criteria KW - Walls KW - Exterior weather conditions KW - Article KW - EE 451.2:AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (EN) KW - EE 643.5:VENTILATION KW - EE 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 402:BUILDINGS AND TOWERS KW - EE 731.3:SPECIFIC VARIABLES CONTROL KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26202450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+THERM+INSUL+BUILD+ENVELOPES&rft.atitle=Moisture+control+strategies+for+the+building+envelope&rft.au=TenWolde%2C+Anton%3BRose%2C+William+B&rft.aulast=TenWolde&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J+THERM+INSUL+BUILD+ENVELOPES&rft.issn=10652744&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food Irradiation After 30 Years, Where Do We Stand: A Government Perpective AN - 20238964; 8763446 AB - The use of irradiation to improve the safety, protect the nutritional benefits, and preserve the quality of fresh and processed foods is a well established and proven technology. Over the past 30 years, the United States Government has invested in the science to confirm safety and in the technology to show application. The United States Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration have approved sources of ionizing radiation for the treatment of foods, and their application to most meats, fruits, vegetables, and spices. Despite the value of this technology to the food industry and to the health and welfare of the public, only minimal application of this technology occurs. This underscores the importance of increasing the public"s understanding of radiation risks relative to other hazards. Accordingly, the Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination of the Executive Office of the President has made recommendations for the creation of a centralized National Radiation Information Center that would work closely with Federal departments and agencies in responding to public queries about radiation issues and Federal programs. JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research International AU - Young, AL AD - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 2050-0904, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 88 EP - 90 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 0944-1344, 0944-1344 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - fruits KW - Federal programs KW - agriculture KW - committees KW - Nutrition KW - USA KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Irradiation KW - Drugs KW - Technology KW - Food irradiation KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20238964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.atitle=Food+Irradiation+After+30+Years%2C+Where+Do+We+Stand%3A+A+Government+Perpective&rft.au=Young%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.issn=09441344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irradiation; Ionizing radiation; Federal programs; fruits; agriculture; committees; Nutrition; Drugs; Food irradiation; Technology; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of water with clay minerals as studied by (super 2) H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy AN - 1812211478; 2016-071096 AB - (super 2) H high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is used to examine the interaction of D (sub 2) O in Ca/Na, Ca/NH (sub 4) and NH (sub 4) /Na-exchanged hectorite and saponite and to examine the factors that affect the (super 2) H chemical shift. These factors include the amount of adsorbed water, the type of adsorbed cation, the net negative layer charge and the location of the layer charge. The (super 2) H quadrupolar splitting and spin-lattice relaxation times are related to the ratio of clay to adsorbed water. In clay:water ratios up to 1, motional averaging between water hydrating the cations and the 'free' or bulk water occurs. The spin lattice relaxation is dominated by the relaxation of the 'free' water. In clay-dominated systems less motational averaging occurs, rotational correlation times are slower and greater residual quadrupolar splittings occur. Similar calculated energies for Na-exchanged hectorite, saponite and Na-vermiculite indicate that water is more influenced by the cation than by the particular clay mineral. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Weiss, Charles A, Jr AU - Gerasimowicz, Walter V Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 265 EP - 275 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - water KW - silicates KW - saponite KW - clay mineralogy KW - hectorite KW - clay minerals KW - chemical reactions KW - dynamics KW - hydrogen KW - cations KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - nuclear magnetic resonance KW - spectroscopy KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1812211478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+water+with+clay+minerals+as+studied+by+%28super+2%29+H+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Charles+A%2C+Jr%3BGerasimowicz%2C+Walter+V&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0016-7037%2895%2900396-7 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-18 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cations; chemical reactions; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; dynamics; geochemistry; hectorite; hydrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance; saponite; sheet silicates; silicates; spectroscopy; vermiculite; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00396-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FET-microbial sensor for xylose detection based on Gluconobacter oxydans cells AN - 17124418; 4425346 AB - A potentiometric biosensor for xylose was devised utilizing Gluconobacter oxydans whole cells. Immobilization methods based on physical adsorption were used for G. oxydans cells and extracellular pH changes resulting from xylose dehydrogenation were monitored by a field effect transistor (FET). The G. oxydans, FET-based sensor detected xylose at a lower limit of 0.5 mM. From 5.0 to 30 mM xylose, the response of the sensor was linear. Expectedly, output signals were significantly suppressed by buffer (Tris-HCl). Responses were essentially stable for at least four weeks of storage and showed only a slight loss of initial xylose sensitivity. Xylitol exerted an insignificant influence on the sensor's response to xylose. However, the response to glucose was 5 times higher in relation to that of xylose at the same concentration (1 mM). For xylose determinations in the presence of glucose, a two-step assay is discussed. JF - Biosensors & Bioelectronics AU - Reshetilov, AN AU - Donova, M V AU - Dovbnya, D V AU - Boronin, A M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 401 EP - 408 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - biosensors KW - dehydrogenation KW - electrodes KW - xylose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gluconobacter oxydans KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17124418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.atitle=FET-microbial+sensor+for+xylose+detection+based+on+Gluconobacter+oxydans+cells&rft.au=Reshetilov%2C+AN%3BDonova%2C+M+V%3BDovbnya%2C+D+V%3BBoronin%2C+A+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Reshetilov&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gluconobacter oxydans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using electroporation and a slot cuvette to deliver plasmid DNA to insect embryos AN - 17091475; 3902973 AB - Microinjection is the method used almost exclusively to deliver DNA constructs to insect embryos while electroporation is commonly used for DNA delivery to bacteria, cell cultures and certain plant tissues. This communication describes a method using an easily constructed slot cuvette and the electroporation technique for transfer of DNA to insect embryos for possible use in developing methods for germline transformation. This method eliminates time-consuming individual embryo manipulation and thus far has been found to be adaptable for use on several types of insect embryos. Using this method, we show successful transfer of plasmid DNA to embryos of the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, and the house fly, Musca domestica. JF - Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering AU - Leopold, R A AU - Hughes, K J AU - DeVault, J D AD - USDA/ARS Biosci. Res. Lab., Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 197 EP - 200 VL - 12 IS - 5-6 SN - 1050-3862, 1050-3862 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Musca domestica KW - gene transfer KW - DNA KW - plasmids KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - electroporation KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14679:Others KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17091475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Analysis%3A+Biomolecular+Engineering&rft.atitle=Using+electroporation+and+a+slot+cuvette+to+deliver+plasmid+DNA+to+insect+embryos&rft.au=Leopold%2C+R+A%3BHughes%2C+K+J%3BDeVault%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Analysis%3A+Biomolecular+Engineering&rft.issn=10503862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; DNA; plasmids; electroporation; Musca domestica; Helicoverpa zea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature, soil type, and matric potential on proliferation and survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli from Erythroxylum coca AN - 17088141; 3901293 AB - Natural epidemics of Fusarium wilt on coca have stimulated interest in the causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli. Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures, soil matric potential, and soil type on the proliferation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli isolate EN4-FT from an alginate prill formulation were studied. Three or four soils were used: a Galestown gravelly loamy (GGLS), Hatboro loamy sand (HLS), and red clay subsoil (RC) were collected in Beltsville, MD. A clay loam soil from a planting of cocoa in Hawaii (HCL) was substituted for RC soil in some experiments. Prill containing F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli were placed on the surface of GGLS, HLS, or HCL soils and maintained at -10, -100, or -500 kPa for 1 week. Matric potential and soil type significantly affected proliferation of the pathogen into the soils. Proliferation was greatest in HCL soil and least in HLS soil. The population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli at -10 and -100 kPa was approximately 10 super(4) to 10 super(5) CFU/g, whereas the population density at -500 kPa was approximately 10 super(3) CFU/g. During 17 weeks of sampling GGLS, HLS, and RC soils maintained at -50 kPa, F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli proliferated from prill into soil when constant temperatures ranged from 10 to 32 degree C, resulting in 10 super(3) to 10 super(5) CFU/g of soil after 1 wk of incubation. Optimum proliferation was at 25 degree C in all soils. Compared to other temperatures, lower numbers of propagules were recovered from soils stored at 40 degree C. Two regimes of fluctuating temperature (cycles of 12 h at 15 degree C followed by 12 h at 25 degree C or cycles of 12 h at 25 degree C followed by 12 h at 35 degree C) also were tested for their effect on proliferation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli from prill into three soils maintained at -50 kPa. Population densities were initially 10 super(3) to 10 super(6) CFU/g of soil and declined over the 17-week test period. After 17 weeks, population densities in GGLS soil were greater than in HLS or RC soils in both temperature regimes. In HLS and RC soils, the number of CFU of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli per g was significantly higher in autoclaved than in nonautoclaved soil, indicating that these two soils were fungistatic. No differences were observed between autoclaved and nonautoclaved soils for HCL and GGLS soils, and these two soils were considered conducive to proliferation of F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli. JF - Phytopathology AU - Fravel AU - Stosz, S K AU - Larkin, R P AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 236 EP - 240 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Fusarium oxysporum erythroxyli KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - mortality KW - soil KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17088141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature%2C+soil+type%2C+and+matric+potential+on+proliferation+and+survival+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+from+Erythroxylum+coca&rft.au=Fravel%3BStosz%2C+S+K%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chaetorellia australis (Diptera: Tephritidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Compositae), in the western USA: Establishment and seed destruction AN - 17087580; 3901060 AB - Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis Linnaeus) (Compositae), native to Eurasia and the Mediterranean Basin, is a spiny and poisonous, naturalized, invasive weed of grasslands and other environments in the western USA. Chaetorellia australis Hering is a trivoltine natural enemy of yellow starthistle whose larvae feed on developing seeds within capitula. Following host-specificity studies in Greece and the USA, C. australis was first introduced from Greece into the USA in 1988 for the biological control of yellow starthistle. Field samples of yellow starthistle capitula revealed that 10.3% (four years after initial release) and 18.0% (three years after initial release) of capitula at Colfax, Washington, and Merlin, Oregon, respectively, were infested by greater than or equal to 1 C. australis (mature larvae or empty puparia). Both sites also contained naturalised, weedy populations of Centaurea cyanus, a second host-plant of Chaetorellia australis. The fly was also recovered from Centaurea cyanus capitula two years after its release at Kendrick, Idaho. the potential importance of the presence of C. cyanus for Chaetorellia australis and biological control of yellow starthistle is discussed. At the Colfax site, all infested yellow starthistle capitula contained 1 C. australis, while at the Merlin site 28.8% of infested capitula contained >1 C. australis, with a mean of 1.36 C. australis per infested capitulum. A preliminary seed destruction impact study at the Merlin site showed that there was a 83.4% reduction in seeds per capitulum infested by greater than or equal to 1 C. australis, and the presence of >1 C. australis resulted in a 95.4% reduction in seeds per infested capitulum. JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research AU - Turner, CE AU - Piper, G L AU - Coombs, E M AD - USDA/ARS, Western Regional Res. Cent., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - Chaetorellia australis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - USA, West KW - Tephritidae KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17087580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.atitle=Chaetorellia+australis+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+for+biological+control+of+yellow+starthistle%2C+Centaurea+solstitialis+%28Compositae%29%2C+in+the+western+USA%3A+Establishment+and+seed+destruction&rft.au=Turner%2C+CE%3BPiper%2C+G+L%3BCoombs%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Centaurea solstitialis; Diptera; Tephritidae; USA, West; weed control; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of red-winged blackbirds, yellow-headed blackbirds and marsh wrens to glyphosate-induced alteration in cattail density AN - 17085406; 3901015 AB - The effects of herbicide-induced changes in wetland emergent vegetation on densities of territorial male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), and Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) were assessed in northeastern North Dakota. In 1990 and 1991, 23 cattail-dominated wetlands were randomly assigned to 0% (reference wetlands), 50%, 70%, or 90% areal spray coverages with glyphosate herbicide. Two years post-treatment densities of redwings were higher in the reference wetlands (x super(-) = 1.59 plus or minus 0.24 [SE]/ha) than in the 90% treated wetlands (x super(-) = 0.55 plus or minus 0.14/ha, P = 0.063). Yellowheads were more abundant in reference wetlands (x super(-) = 3.80 plus or minus 0.83/ha) than in treated wetlands (x super(-) = 2.05 plus or minus 0.40/ha, P = 0.061). Likewise, wrens were more abundant in reference wetlands (x super(-) = 2.21 plus or minus 0.27/ha) than in treated wetlands (x super(-) = 0.66 plus or minus 0.13/ha, P = 0.001). Percent coverage of live emergent vegetation (largely cattails, Typha spp.) was positively correlated with blackbird and wren numbers (P less than or equal to 0.1). Results of this study suggest that numbers of these three wetland-dwelling species were limited by altering cattail density. Staggering vegetation management treatments on large wetland complexes may help diversify the stages of cattail regeneration and provide heterogenous nesting and foraging habitat for these birds. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Linz, G M AU - Blixt, D C AU - Bergman, D L AU - Bleier, W J AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent. North Dakota Field Stn. North Dakota State Univ. Fargo, ND 58105-5517, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Xanthocephalus xanthocepalus KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental factors KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Cistothorus palustris KW - USA, North Dakota KW - herbicides KW - population status KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Responses+of+red-winged+blackbirds%2C+yellow-headed+blackbirds+and+marsh+wrens+to+glyphosate-induced+alteration+in+cattail+density&rft.au=Linz%2C+G+M%3BBlixt%2C+D+C%3BBergman%2C+D+L%3BBleier%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Linz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; Cistothorus palustris; USA, North Dakota; population status; environmental factors; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of month of inoculation on severity of disease caused by Phytophthora spp. in apple root crowns and excised shoots AN - 17085296; 3901287 AB - Effects of month of inoculation on severity of disease caused by Phytophthora spp. in apple roostock EMLA.106 were studied in excised shoots in vitro and in intact root crowns in an orchard. In both orchard and in vitro assays, 25 successive sets of host tissue were inoculated at monthly intervals with mycelial disks from V8 agar cultures of Phytophthora spp. Crown rot severity was measured in orchard trees as area of bark necrosis after 14 days of incubation, and canker severity was measured in excised shoots as length of bark necrosis after 5 days of incubation. In both assays, P. cactorum and P. cambivora caused very little necrosis in apple incubated during dormancy (December through February) and growth resumption (March). The amount of necrosis is root crowns and excised shoots was much greater following inoculations in late spring (May). Maximum necrosis and subsequent decline in disease development during incubation periods occurred 1 to 3 months later in orchard tree inoculations (August through October) than in excised shoot inoculations (May through August). Crown rot severity after 2 weeks of incubation was not a reliable predictor of disease severity after 13 months of incubation; relatively mild crown rot caused by P. cactorum during and immediately following tree dormancy occasionally continued to develop, resulting in relatively severe crown rot on trees 13 months after inoculation. Under orchard conditions in California, apple root-stock EMLA.106 is apparently susceptible to development of relatively severe crown rot for a longer period of the year than would be expected from short-term indications of susceptibility in excised shoots in vitro. JF - Phytopathology AU - Browne, G T AU - Mircetich, S M AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 290 EP - 294 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - models KW - collar rot KW - trees KW - Phytophthora KW - crown rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+month+of+inoculation+on+severity+of+disease+caused+by+Phytophthora+spp.+in+apple+root+crowns+and+excised+shoots&rft.au=Browne%2C+G+T%3BMircetich%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; trees; collar rot; models; crown rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxic effects of Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin B1 in rats and mice AN - 17085265; 3889139 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the fungi Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and other Fusarium species. Fumonisin B1, the most commonly found fumonisin, causes the fatal diseases equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fumonisins are suspected human carcinogens because of the extraordinarily high incidences of esophageal cancer coincidentally found in areas of southern Africa and China where F. moniliforme-contaminated corn is consumed as a dietary staple. The subchronic (up to 90 days) effects of F. moniliforme-contaminated corn, corn cultures of this fungus, and purified fumonisin B1 (FB1) in rats and mice were systematically studied to determine target organs, characterize organ-specified lesions, and obtain dose-response data. The liver is a target organ in both species. Serum chemical findings indicative of hepatocellular injury and morphological findings, including apoptosis, appeared qualitatively similar in both species. The kidney is also a target organ in rats, but not mice. Lesions which include apoptosis and cellular degeneration are predominately found in the outer medella. Results of several investigations showed that the kidney was consistently affected at lower doses than the liver. The "no-observed-effect" level for nephropathy in rats was also consistently lower in males than females, suggesting a sex-related difference in nephrotoxic response to fumonisins. Other findings suggest that toxigenesis may be mediated by disruption of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Hepatic and renal sphingolipid profiles, specifically sphinganine concentration and sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio, were altered in rats fed FB1 at levels that did not cause serum chemical, organ weight, or histopathological evidence of toxicity. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Voss, KA AU - Riley, R T AU - Bacon, C W AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 16 EP - 23 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - lesions KW - sphingolipids KW - liver KW - kidney KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxic+effects+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+and+fumonisin+B1+in+rats+and+mice&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Fusarium proliferatum; mycotoxins; kidney; liver; lesions; sphingolipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and purification of a phytotoxin produced by Fusarium solani, the causal agent of soybean sudden death syndrome AN - 17085185; 3901290 AB - A phytotoxic polypeptide identified in culture filtrates of Fusarium solani, the causal agent of soybean sudden death syndrome, was heat unstable, negatively charged, absorbed by 10% charcoal, and destroyed by proteinase K. The toxicity of the culture filtrates and fractions obtained during purification was bioassayed by measuring browning of soybean calli. Purification of the phytotoxin was achieved by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography on a DE-52 column. The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with an estimated molecular weight of 17,000. The sequence of the N-terminal 15 amino acids was determined and indicated that a peptide was present. Samples containing this single protein caused browning of soybean calli, necrosis on detached soybean cotyledons and leaves, and yellowing, curling, and drying of attached soybean cotyledons and leaves. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jin, H AU - Hartman, G L AU - Nickell, C D AU - Widholm, J M AD - USDA/ARS and Dep. Crop Sci., UIUC, Urbana 61801-4723, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 277 EP - 282 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - thermal stability KW - plant diseases KW - ion-exchange chromatography KW - phytotoxins KW - Fusarium solani KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+purification+of+a+phytotoxin+produced+by+Fusarium+solani%2C+the+causal+agent+of+soybean+sudden+death+syndrome&rft.au=Jin%2C+H%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BNickell%2C+C+D%3BWidholm%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; phytotoxins; thermal stability; ion-exchange chromatography; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for disruption of sphingolipid metabolism as a contributing factor in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of fumonisins AN - 17082663; 3889138 AB - Fumonisins are inhibitors of the biosynthesis of sphingosine and more complex sphingolipids. In eucaryotic cells, fumonisin inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis is a result of inhibition of the enzyme ceramide synthase. Large increases in free sphinganine concentration in plant and animal cells are observed within a few hours after exposure to fumonisins and/or Alternaria toxins (AAL-toxins). Some of the sphinganine is metabolized to other bioactive intermediates, and some is released from cells. In animals, free sphinganine accumulates in tissues and quickly appears in bid and urine. Free sphingoid bases are toxic to most cells, and complex sphingolipids are essential for normal cell growth. Fumonisin B sub(1) stimulates sphinganine-dependent DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells, but is mitoinhibitory in other cell types. In cultured cells the accumulation of bioactive long-chain sphingoid bases and depletion of complex sphingolipids are clearly contributing factors in growth inhibition, increased cell death, and (in Swiss 3T3 cells) mitogenicity of fumonisins. While disruption of sphingolipid metabolism directly affects cells, it may indirectly affect some tissues. For example, fumonisin B sub(1) impairs the barrier function of endothelial cells in vitro. Adverse effects on endothelial cells could indirectly contribute to the neurotoxicity and pulmonary edema caused by fumonisins. It is hypothesized that fumonisin-induced changes in the sphingolipid composition of target tissues could directly or indirectly contribute to all Fusarium moniliforme-associated diseases. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Riley, R T AU - Wang, E AU - Schroeder, J J AU - Smith, E R AU - Plattner, R D AU - Abbas, H K AU - Yoo, Hwan-Soo AU - Merrill, AH Jr AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisins KW - sphingosine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - carcinogenicity KW - Alternaria KW - sphingolipids KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17082663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+disruption+of+sphingolipid+metabolism+as+a+contributing+factor+in+the+toxicity+and+carcinogenicity+of+fumonisins&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BWang%2C+E%3BSchroeder%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+E+R%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BYoo%2C+Hwan-Soo%3BMerrill%2C+AH+Jr&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria; Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; carcinogenicity; sphingolipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the reproductive effects of Fusarium moniliforme culture material in rats and the biodistribution of [14C]fumonisin B1 in pregnant rats AN - 17082443; 3889140 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium species. They are commonly found in corn and corn-based foodstuffs. Fumonisins inhibit sphingolipid (SL) biosynthesis, alter cellular SL profiles, and thus may affect cell proliferation and differentiation, both of which are important processes for reproduction. However, there are few reports of the effects of F. moniliforme or fumonisins on mammalian reproduction or development. To study the reproductive effects of this fungus, diets formulated with culture material of toxic F. moniliforme strain MRC 826 (CM) to provide 0, 1, 10, or 55 ppm fumonisin B1 (FB1) were fed to male and female rats beginning 9 and 2 weeks before mating, respectively, and continuing throughout mating, gestational, and lactational phases of the study. CM caused nephropathy, typical of FB1, in males fed greater than or equal to 10 ppm and females fed 55 ppm FB1. No significant reproductive effects were found in males (n = 12/group), dams, and fetuses examined on gestation day 15 (G15) (n greater than or equal to 8/group), or dams and litters through day 21 postpartum (n greater than or equal to 9/group). Litter weight gain in the 10 or 55 ppm FB1 groups was slightly decreased; however, gross litter weight and physical development of offspring were not affected. Altered SL ratios indicative of fumonisin exposure, specifically increased sphinganine to sphingosine ratios, were found in the livers of dams from the 55-ppm FB1 group on G15. However, SL ratios of abdominal slices, containing liver and kidney, of fetuses from control and high-dose litters did not differ. In a second experiment, two dams were injected intravenously on G15 with 101 mu g [14C]FB1 (3.179 x 10 super(5) dpm). After 1 hr, which allowed for ca. 98% of the dose to be cleared from the maternal blood, negligible amounts of radioactivity were found in the fetuses. Together, these results indicate that the CM, and by inference FB1, did not have significant reproductive effects at doses which are minimally toxic, and further suggest that little in utero FB1 exposure occurred through G15. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Voss, KA AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AU - Chapin, R E AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Plattner, R D AU - Meredith, F I AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Richard B. Russel Agric. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 33 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - development KW - pregnancy KW - reproduction KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17082443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+reproductive+effects+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+in+rats+and+the+biodistribution+of+%5B14C%5Dfumonisin+B1+in+pregnant+rats&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BChapin%2C+R+E%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BMeredith%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; reproduction; development; pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of rabbiteye blueberry cultivars to postharvest diseases AN - 17081652; 3899597 AB - Thirteen rabbiteye cultivars were surveyed for postharvest berry rots during the 1992, 1993, and 1994 harvest seasons. Disease incidence and severity were low, with <30% of berries displaying decay symptoms after 5 days incubation at 25 degree C with 100% relative humidity (RH). Although Botrytis fruit rot and ripe rot were equally severe in 1992, ripe rot was the most common postharvest disease in 1993 and 1994. Menditoo, Homebell, Beckyblue, and Premier blueberries had more than 40% rotted fruit, while Briteblue, Southland, and Tifblue had less than 16%. The pathogen associated with ripe rot was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum rather than the more commonly reported pathogen, C. gloeosporioides. When ripe berries from all 13 cultivars were inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. acutatum and incubated for 5 days at 25 degree C and 100% RH, all were infected with ripe rot. Tifblue, Delite, Premier, and Menditoo scored the highest for ripe rot, while Southland, Centurion, Woodard, Bluebell, and Homebell scored the lowest. Generally, inoculated berries from late-season harvests scored higher for ripe rot than did berries from earlier harvests. Two of the cultivars most susceptible to ripe rot, Tifblue and Premier, account for most of the rabbiteye blueberry production in the southeastern United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, B J AU - Magee, J B AU - Gupton, CL AD - USDA-ARS Small Fruit Res. Stn., P.O. Box 287, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 215 EP - 218 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fruit rot KW - Vaccinium KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17081652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+rabbiteye+blueberry+cultivars+to+postharvest+diseases&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J%3BMagee%2C+J+B%3BGupton%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum acutatum; Vaccinium; fruit rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Staphylococcus warneri species that converts oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid AN - 17081558; 3899614 AB - 10-Ketostearic acid was unexpectedly observed during bioconversion of oleic acid to 15-16-, and 17-octadecenoic acids by Bacillus pumilus. The unexpected conversion was caused by contaminants which were isolated, characterized, and identified. The three isolates were Gram-positive cocci that grew anaerobically and were sensitive to furazolidone and lysostaphin. These characteristics suggested that the isolates belonged to the genus Staphylococcus. Physiological and biochemical characterization, fatty acid profiling, and DNA reassociation determinations indicated that the isolates were strains of the species Staphylococcus warneri. The organisms were deposited in ARS Culture Collection as NRRL B-14932, NRRL B-14933, and NRRL B-14934. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Lanser, A C AU - Nakamura, L K AD - Oil Chem. Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 260 EP - 263 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - oleic acid KW - 10-ketostearic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - acid production KW - Staphylococcus warneri KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17081558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Staphylococcus+warneri+species+that+converts+oleic+acid+to+10-ketostearic+acid&rft.au=Lanser%2C+A+C%3BNakamura%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus warneri; biodegradation; acid production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new convergence criterion for the modified Picard iteration method to solve the variably saturated flow equation AN - 17076628; 3896617 AB - Solutions of the Richards equation for water flow in variably saturated porous media are increasingly being used in water resources evaluation and environmental management. Besides the accuracy of solution, also of concern is the required computational effort, especially when highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and dry initial conditions are involved. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different convergence criteria when the modified Picard iteration method is used for solving the mixed-form Richards equation. Results are compared in terms of computer processing (CPU) time and number of iterations. A new nonlinear convergence criterion derived using a Taylor series expansion of the water content was implemented in the mixed-form numerical algorithm. The computational efficiency of the new criterion was evaluated against two widely used convergence criteria for different soil types, boundary conditions, initial conditions, and layered soils. Whereas all three criteria produced nearly identical results in terms of calculated water content, pressure head, and water flux distributions, all with negligible mass balance errors, the required CPU times were significantly different. In general, the new nonlinear convergence criterion was found to be computationally much more efficient than the other two criteria. The new criterion was also more robust (i.e. the solution remained convergent) for highly nonlinear flow problems for which the other two convergence criteria failed. Results of this study indicate that the new convergence criterion, when implemented in the modified Picard solution of the mixed-form Richards equation, produces a very efficient and accurate method for simulating variably saturated water flow in soils. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Huang, K AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - US Salinity Lab., USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 EP - 91 VL - 178 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - porous media KW - saturated flow KW - hydraulic properties KW - water resources KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17076628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+new+convergence+criterion+for+the+modified+Picard+iteration+method+to+solve+the+variably+saturated+flow+equation&rft.au=Huang%2C+K%3BMohanty%2C+B+P%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - saturated flow; porous media; water resources; hydraulic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: I. Precipitated snow AN - 17069463; 3891175 AB - Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe precipitated snow crystals. The newly-fallen snow crystals were obtained in storms at Beltsville, Maryland, and at Bearden Mountain near Davis, West Virginia, USA. The snow samples were mounted on modified SEM stubs, frozen in liquid nitrogen, sputter coated with platinum. and imaged with an electron beam. Many types of precipitated snow crystals were observed including hexagonal plates, columns, needles, stellar dendrites. bullets, graupel, and rimed crystals. The SEM techniques that were developed can be used for quantitative measurements of size, shape and structure of crystals. SEM of precipitated snow appears to have direct application for the inference of atmospheric and cloud conditions where the snow crystals formed and travelled to the ground and for the development of a relationship between snow crystal type and snowfall intensity and amount. The SEM technique provides a new procedure to record permanently snow crystal conditions during winter storms. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AU - Wergin, W P AU - Erbe, E F AD - USDA/ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 234 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - SEM KW - USA, Maryland, Beltsville KW - USA, West Virginia, Bearden Mt. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - clouds KW - crystals KW - sample preparation KW - physical properties KW - snow KW - atmosphere KW - correlation analysis KW - storms KW - electron microscopy KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17069463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Snow+crystal+imaging+using+scanning+electron+microscopy%3A+I.+Precipitated+snow&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BWergin%2C+W+P%3BErbe%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crystals; snow; physical properties; storms; correlation analysis; sample preparation; clouds; atmosphere; electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficient expression of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in Aspergillus oryzae AN - 17068336; 3893713 AB - A manganese peroxidase gene (mnp1) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was efficiently expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. Expression was achieved by fusing the mature cDNA of mnp1 with the A. oryzae Taka amylase promoter and secretion signal. The 3' untranslated region of the glucoamylase gene of Aspergillus awamori provided the terminator. The recombinant protein (rMnP) was secreted in an active form, permitting rapid detection and purification. Physical and kinetic properties of rMnP were similar to those of the native protein. The A. oryzae expression system is well suited for both mechanistic and site-directed mutagenesis studies. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stewart, P AU - Whitwam, R E AU - Kersten, P J AU - Cullen, D AU - Tien, Ming AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 860 EP - 864 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - manganese peroxidase KW - mnp1 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Aspergillus oryzae KW - cloning KW - gene expression KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - G 07331:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Efficient+expression+of+a+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+manganese+peroxidase+gene+in+Aspergillus+oryzae&rft.au=Stewart%2C+P%3BWhitwam%2C+R+E%3BKersten%2C+P+J%3BCullen%2C+D%3BTien%2C+Ming&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning; gene expression; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Aspergillus oryzae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Handling small arbovirus vectors safely during biosafety level 3 containment: Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and exotic bluetongue viruses AN - 17066133; 3891888 AB - Equipment and procedures are described for biosafety level 3 (BL-3) containment work with small, zoophilic arthropod. BL-3 classified pathogens always must be manipulated in biological safety cabinets. Procedures, including physical barriers and handling methods, that prevent the escape of potentially virus-infected insects are discussed, and the use of a monitoring system for insect security is explained. The inability to recover escaped minute, flying insects poses a major difference from similar work wigh larger insects, such as mosquitoes. Methods were developed for the safe and secure handling of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones infected with exotic bluetongue viruses during BL-3 containment. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Hunt, C J AU - Tabachnick, W J AD - Arthropod-Borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82071, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 271 EP - 277 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - bluetongue KW - vectors KW - occupational safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - arbovirus KW - bluetongue virus KW - Culicoides variipennis sonorensis KW - Ceratopogonidae KW - safety KW - Diptera KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - H SI0.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Handling+small+arbovirus+vectors+safely+during+biosafety+level+3+containment%3A+Culicoides+variipennis+sonorensis+%28Diptera%3A+Ceratopogonidae%29+and+exotic+bluetongue+viruses&rft.au=Hunt%2C+C+J%3BTabachnick%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culicoides variipennis sonorensis; Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; arbovirus; bluetongue virus; safety; occupational safety; bluetongue; vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survivorship of engorged female Ixodes scapularis and their eggs in a leaf litter microhabitat in Maryland AN - 17065335; 3892723 JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Carroll, J F AD - USDA, ARS, Livestock Insects Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 349 EP - 351 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - leaf litter KW - survival KW - Acari KW - USA, Maryland KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17065335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Survivorship+of+engorged+female+Ixodes+scapularis+and+their+eggs+in+a+leaf+litter+microhabitat+in+Maryland&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodes scapularis; Acari; Ixodidae; USA, Maryland; leaf litter; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microhabitats of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 17057604; 3882126 AB - Merriam's Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) are associated with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in the western United States, but are not native to the ponderosa pine forest of the Black Hills, South Dakota. The Black Hills population was established by transplanting birds from New Mexico and Colorado between 1948 and 1951. Despite being outside its original range, this population provides a unique opportunity to assess mechanisms of habitat selection because the age of the population is known and literature indicates that it is more productive than other populations. We studied microhabitats of Merriam's Turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota between 1986 and 1991. We found few differences in microhabitats among diurnal time periods or between sexes. Cluster analysis of variables at turkey microhabitats indicated two groups, broadly interpreted as summer and winter microhabitats. Winter microhabitats of turkeys had less understory vegetation and more overstory cover than random sites, which in turn had less understory and more overstory cover than summer microhabitats. Both random sites and winter microhabitats had higher basal area of ponderosa pine than summer microhabitats. Summer microhabitats had trees with the largest dbh. Random sites had more small and large woody debris than sites used by turkeys. Tree density at random sites was more than two times greater than at winter microhabitats and more than three times greater than at summer microhabitats. Turkeys preferred southern exposures during winter. Production of pine seed, a major food item of turkeys, differed among years. There was a strong relationship between abundance of pine seeds and microhabitats selected by turkeys. Basal area of microhabitats between October and March was positively correlated with annual ponderosa pine seed production. Abundance of ponderosa pine seeds at turkey microhabitats during this period was at least four times the estimated average annual production. Management prescriptions for ponderosa pine of basal area less than or equal to 18 m super(2)/ha will reduce winter habitat for turkeys. Summer habitats are more compatible with timber management goals for ponderosa pine in the Black Hills. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Rumble, MA AU - Anderson, SH AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 501 E. St. Joe, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 326 EP - 334 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - USA, South Dakota KW - forest management KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - habitat selection KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17057604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Microhabitats+of+Merriam%27s+turkeys+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BAnderson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; Pinus ponderosa; USA, South Dakota; forest management; habitat selection; food availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of remote sensing and spatial information technologies for mapping black mangrove on the Texas Gulf Coast AN - 17057113; 3888637 AB - Black mangrove Avicennia germinans (L.) occurs at several locations along the Texas Gulf Coast. A hard freeze in December 1989 severely damaged this species, but the extent of damage has not been determined. Airborne color-infrared (CIR) video imagery was used with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for distinguishing and mapping the current distribution of black mangrove. Black mangrove populations could be easily distinguished on CIR video imagery. The integration of a GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude/longitude coordinates of black mangrove populations to be recorded on each image. The GPS coordinates were entered into a GIS to map black mangrove populations along the Texas coast. Major black mangrove concentrations near Port Isabel-South Bay and Port Aransas on the lower and lower-mid Texas coast, respectively, had fully recovered from the freeze. A remnant population of an historical black mangrove concentration on the upper-mid Texas coast near Port O'Connor, that was devastated by a 1983 freeze, was severely damaged and reduced in number by the 1989 freeze. The integration of videography, GPS, and GIS are valuable tools that can enable coastal resource managers to develop regional maps showing the distribution of black mangrove over large areas. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Everitt, J H AU - Judd, F W AU - Escobar, DE AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Remote Sensing Res. Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 64 EP - 69 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Avicennia germinans KW - GIS KW - coastal zone management KW - geographical reference systems KW - plant populations KW - position fixing KW - vegetation cover KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - mapping KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - USA, Texas KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17057113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Integration+of+remote+sensing+and+spatial+information+technologies+for+mapping+black+mangrove+on+the+Texas+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BJudd%2C+F+W%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant populations; position fixing; mangrove swamps; coastal zone management; vegetation cover; mapping; geographical reference systems; remote sensing; Avicennia germinans; ASW, USA, Texas; USA, Texas; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entomopathogenic activity of a whitefly-derived isolate of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) with the description of an effective bioassay method AN - 17050190; 3874870 AB - This is the first report of the potential of the hyphomycete fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith, for the microbial control of aphids. The LD sub(50) and LD sub(90) of a strain of P. fumosoroseus isolated from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) from Multan, Pakistan and bioassayed against third instar Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) were 1.78 x 10 super(3) conidia/cm super(2) and 1.43 x 10 super(4) conidia/cm super(2), respectively. Strong dosage-mortality and dosage-mycosis responses were evident with larger proportions of individuals dying within the first three days post-treatment at the higher conidial dosages (1.25-3.75 x 10 super(4) conidia/cm super(2)) than was observed for dosages equal to or lower than 3.75 x 10 super(3) conidia/cm super(2). The LT sub(50)s for D. noxia treated with 3.75 x 10 super(4) conidia/cm super(2) and 3.75 x 10 super(3) conidia/cm super(2) were 2.06 and 7.50 days, respectively. The entomopathogenic activity of P. fumosoroseus against D. noxia compares favorably with other Hyphomycetes reported in the literature. Based on the results reported here, further investigation of the potential of P. fumosoroseus for the microbial control of D. noxia and other aphids is warranted. In addition to data on the efficacy of P. fumosoroseus as a microbial control agent of D. noxia, a simple, but effective bioassay method for the evaluation of fungi against cereal aphids is described. JF - European Journal of Entomology AU - Mesquita, ALM AU - Lacey, LA AU - Mercadier, G AU - Leclant, F AD - European Biol. Control Lab., B. P. 4168, Agropolis II, USDA, ARS, 34092 Montpellier, France Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 1210-5759, 1210-5759 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Aphididae KW - bioassays KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Hemiptera KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17050190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Entomopathogenic+activity+of+a+whitefly-derived+isolate+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+against+the+Russian+wheat+aphid%2C+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Hemiptera%3A+Sternorrhyncha%3A+Aphididae%29+with+the+description+of+an+effective+bioassay+method&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+ALM%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BMercadier%2C+G%3BLeclant%2C+F&rft.aulast=Mesquita&rft.aufirst=ALM&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Entomology&rft.issn=12105759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Diuraphis noxia; Hemiptera; Aphididae; entomopathogenic fungi; bioassays; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multivariate geomorphic analysis of forest streams: Implications for assessment of land use impacts on channel condition AN - 17049511; 3883627 AB - Multivariate statistical analyses of geomorphic variables from 23 forest stream reaches in southeast Alaska result in successful discrimination between pristine streams and those disturbed by land management, specifically timber harvesting and associated road building. Results of discriminant function analysis indicate that a three-variable model discriminates 10 disturbed from 13 undisturbed reaches with 90 per cent and 92 per cent correct classification respectively. These variables are the total number of pools per reach, the ratio of mean residual pool depth to mean bankfull depth, and the ratio of critical shear stress of the median surface grain size to bankfull shear stress. The last variable can be dropped without a decrease in rate of correct classification; however, the resulting two-variable model may be less robust. Analysis of the distribution of channel units, including pool types, can also be used to discriminate disturbed from undisturbed reaches and is particularly useful for assessment of aquatic habitat condition. However, channel unit classification and inventory can be subject to considerable error and observer bias. Abundance of pool-related large woody debris is highly correlated with pool frequency and is an important factor determining channel morphology. Results of this study yield a much needed, objective, geomorphic discrimination of pristine and disturbed channel conditions, providing a reference standard for channel assessment and restoration efforts. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Wood-Smith, R D AU - Buffington, J M AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 377 EP - 393 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - forest hydrology KW - channels KW - streams KW - geomorphology KW - land use KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17049511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Multivariate+geomorphic+analysis+of+forest+streams%3A+Implications+for+assessment+of+land+use+impacts+on+channel+condition&rft.au=Wood-Smith%2C+R+D%3BBuffington%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wood-Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geomorphology; streams; forest hydrology; land use; channels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating hydrologic budgets for three Illinois watersheds AN - 17049007; 3881217 AB - It is important to simulate the major components of the hydrologic budget to determine the impacts of proposed land management, vegetative changes, groundwater withdrawals, and reservoir management on water supply and water quality. As acquisition of field data is costly and time consuming, models have been created to test various land use practices and their concomitant effects on the hydrologic budget of watersheds. To simulate such management scenarios realistically, a model should be able to simulate the individual components of the hydrologic budget. However, most field studies at the watershed scale attempt to measure only one component (e.g. total streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), etc.) and are not suitable for validating individual components of a comprehensive model. A field study was completed in the 1950s to estimate several major hydrologic components including surface runoff, groundwater flow, groundwater ET, ET in the soil Profile, groundwater recharge, and groundwater heights from measured data from three watersheds in Illinois. These data were used to validate a multicomponent water budget model called SWAT. Comparison of measured and predicted values demonstrated that each component of the model gave reasonable output and that the interaction among components was realistic. This fact should allow more realistic appraisal of various land use management practices on a basin-wide scale. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Arnold, J G AU - Allen, P M AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 77 VL - 176 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - estimating KW - hydrologic budget KW - land management KW - reservoir operation KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - USA, Illinois KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - land use KW - Q2 09144:Regional studies, expeditions and data reports KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17049007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Estimating+hydrologic+budgets+for+three+Illinois+watersheds&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BAllen%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water quality; water supply; watersheds; land use; hydrologic budget; land management; estimating; reservoir operation; USA, Illinois; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of rhodococcal indigo gene in Streptococcus thermophilus AN - 17043647; 3876807 AB - A rhodococcal indole oxygenase gene (ido) catalyzing the biosynthesis of indigo pigment was cloned into S. thermophilus ST128. Expression vectors containing an S. thermophilus plasmid replicon (pER8) and promoters (sP1 and ST sub(P2201)) were used as the cloning vehicles. Northern blot analysis confirmed the transcriptional expression of the ido gene into its mRNA in the ST transformants. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 24 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - ido gene KW - indole oxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cloning vectors KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17043647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Expression+of+rhodococcal+indigo+gene+in+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning vectors; Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining environmentally sound soil phosphorus levels AN - 17036950; 3873321 AB - Increased inputs of phosphorus (P) in agricultural runoff can accelerate freshwater eutrophication. This is of particular concern in areas of intensive crop and livestock farming, where soil P has increased to levels that are of environmental rather than agronomic concern. Thus, many states have been forced to consider the development of recommendations for manure applications based on the potential for P loss in runoff, thereby creating an urgent need to assess the validity of the use of soil test P as an indicator of P loss in runoff. Several field studies have shown the dissolved P (DP) concentration of runoff is related to soil test P (r super(2) of 0.58-0.98) of surface soil (0 to 5 cm). These relationships can identify critical levels which can support a DP concentration of runoff. In this regard, critical soil test P levels established by several states, ranging from 75 to 200 mg kg super(-1), appear to be realistic. However, amounts of P lost in runoff are not related solely to soil test P, due to variable site runoff and erosion potentials. Thus, an approach which integrates soil test P with estimates of potential runoff and erosion losses and local climatic, topographic, and agronomic factors is being developed for reliable, yet flexible recommendations of fertilizer and manure P management in environmentally sound production agriculture. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sharpley, A AU - Daniel, T C AU - Sims, J T AU - Pote, D H AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Res. Lab., Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 160 EP - 166 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - fertilization KW - soil tests KW - agricultural runoff KW - eutrophication KW - phosphorus KW - water quality control KW - soil erosion KW - environmental protection KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Determining+environmentally+sound+soil+phosphorus+levels&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BPote%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - eutrophication; phosphorus; agricultural runoff; environmental protection; soil tests; soil erosion; fertilization; agricultural practices; water quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economics of tillage practices and spring wheat and barley crop sequence in the Northern Great Plains AN - 17036376; 3873322 AB - Our objective was to analyze economics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cropping and tillage practices after 10 years of evaluation. We initiated the study in 1983 on a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) 11 km (7 mi) north of Culbertson, Montana. Annually cropped tillage treatments included sweep tillage in fall with spring disking, sweep tillage in spring, and no-till. A conventional fallow-crop rotation was included. Spring wheat yields ranged from 74 kg/ha (1.1 bulacre) to 3,465 kg/ha (51.5 bulacre). Net return was highest for no-till annually cropped wheat at $19.04/ha ($7.71/acre) and lowest for barley-spring wheat rotation at -$23.74/ha (-$9.61/acre). Under conditions of this 10-year study, in a 356 mm (14 in.) precipitation zone, we conclude that annually cropped no-till wheat production was the most profitable cropping practice. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Aase, J K AU - Schaefer, G M AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Res. Lab., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 167 EP - 170 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Northern Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - wheat KW - barley KW - agricultural practices KW - crop production KW - economic aspects KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Economics+of+tillage+practices+and+spring+wheat+and+barley+crop+sequence+in+the+Northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Aase%2C+J+K%3BSchaefer%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - economic aspects; agricultural practices; barley; wheat; soil water; crop production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic relationships among Rhizobium species nodulating the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) AN - 17035046; 3868566 AB - The phylogenetic relationships among Rhizobium species that nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) were determined by directly sequencing the amplified 16S ribosomal DNA genes of these organisms. The bean strains formed four separate clusters. One cluster was composed of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, and R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. Two other clusters comprised Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium tropici, and the fourth cluster contained a single bean-nodulating strain. Data for species identification were obtained from DNA-DNA reassociation experiments. The levels of DNA relatedness among strains belonging to the three biovars of R. leguminosarum ranged from 58 to 67%. The levels of DNA relatedness between R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and R. etli and R. tropici ranged from 43 to 45% and 13 to 16%, respectively. The levels of DNA relatedness between the strain belonging to the fourth cluster and strains of the other three Rhizobium species that nodulate beans were less than 10%. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Beyene, D AU - Eardly, B D AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, HH-19, Bldg. 011, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 240 EP - 244 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phylogeny KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodulation KW - Rhizobium KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - taxonomy KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17035046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+among+Rhizobium+species+nodulating+the+common+bean+%28Phaseolus+vulgaris+L.%29&rft.au=Van+Berkum%2C+P%3BBeyene%2C+D%3BEardly%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium; Phaseolus vulgaris; phylogeny; nitrogen fixation; taxonomy; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferation in response to Brucella abortus RB51 and 2308 proteins in RB51-vaccinated or 2308-infected cattle AN - 17033896; 3868163 AB - Cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) or infected with strain 2308 (S2308) had lymph node lymphocytes which proliferated most when incubated with 32-, 27-, 18-, or <18-kDa proteins of either SRB51 or S2308. Some S2308-infected cattle but no SRB51-vaccinated cattle had lymphocytes which proliferated in response to 80- and 49-kDa proteins of SRB51 and S2308. These results suggest that cattle vaccinated with SRB51 or infected with S2308 have lymphocytes which proliferate in response to most of the same S2308 proteins and that the immunodominant protein antigens of SRB51 and S2308 have similar molecular masses of 32, 27, 18, and <18 kDa. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1007 EP - 1010 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes KW - lymph nodes KW - Brucella abortus KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17033896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferation+in+response+to+Brucella+abortus+RB51+and+2308+proteins+in+RB51-vaccinated+or+2308-infected+cattle&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; lymphocytes; vaccination; lymph nodes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to Euphorbia pulcherrima on the parasitization of Bemisia argentifolii by the parasitoid Encarsia formosa AN - 17031606; 3867608 AB - More wasps of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were found on fertilized poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima (Willd.) (Euphorbiaceae), than on non-fertilized plants. Parasitization of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) by E. formosa was higher on plants treated with calcium nitrate than with ammonium nitrate or on control plants. In a no-choice test, host feeding by E. formosa was higher when hosts were on fertilized plants than when hosts were on control plants. The nitrogen content of whitefly pupae reared on plants treated with ammonium nitrate was higher than those on calcium nitrate-treated plants. Variability in the parasitization of B. argentifolii by E. formosa appears to be due to host plant-mediated differences the whiteflies. E. formosa may be influence by the nutritional suitability of the host, which influences whether wasps continue to oviposit, feed, or disperse. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Bentz, J-A AU - Reeves, J III AU - Barbosa, P AU - Francis, B AD - USDA-ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res. Unit, BARC-East, Bldg. 470, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Encarsia formosa KW - parasitism KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Aphelinidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17031606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+nitrogen+fertilizer+applied+to+Euphorbia+pulcherrima+on+the+parasitization+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+by+the+parasitoid+Encarsia+formosa&rft.au=Bentz%2C+J-A%3BReeves%2C+J+III%3BBarbosa%2C+P%3BFrancis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=J-A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia pulcherrima; Bemisia argentifolii; Encarsia formosa; Hymenoptera; Aphelinidae; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; fertilizers; parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the probability of patch colonization AN - 17030981; 3872043 AB - The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the dispersal of organisms between habitat islands is poorly understood. Preferred pathways for dispersal (i.e., corridors), as well as dispersal barriers, are difficult to identify when the landscape matrix is composed of a complex mixture of land cover types. We developed an individual-based dispersal model to measure immigration and emigration rates between habitat islands within heterogeneous landscapes. Dispersing individuals of a model organism were simulated as self-avoiding random walkers (SAW) traversing a digital land cover map, with each habitat type assigned a priori a probability that the SAW would enter that habitat type. Each individual began the dispersal process on a random site at the edge of a deciduous forest patch and was allowed to move until it reached a different deciduous forest patch. Visualization of the movement patterns across the landscape was achieved by tabulating the frequency of visitation of successful dispersers to each grid cell on the map. The model was used to estimate the probabilities of disperser transfer between patches by varying the a priori probabilities of movement into each habitat type in order to: (1) estimate the effect of changing landscape heterogeneity on the transfer probabilities, and (2) visualize dispersal corridors and barriers as perceived by model organisms operating by specific movement rules and at specific scales. The results show that 89% of the variability in dispersal success can be accounted for by differences in the size and isolation of forest patches, with closer and larger patches having significantly greater exchange of dispersing organisms. However, changes in the heterogeneity of the landscape matrix could significantly enhance or decrease emigration success from an individual patch, depending on the landscape. Changes in emigration success from an individual patch resulting from changes in matrix heterogeneity were not predictable, and transfer rates between patches were not symmetrical due to differences in the proximity of neighboring patches, and differences in the funneling attributes of certain landscape patterns. Visualizations showed that corridors are often diffuse and difficult to identify from structural features of the landscape. A wide range of organisms with differing movement capabilities can be simulated using the approach presented to increase our understanding of how landscape structure affects organism dispersal. JF - Ecology AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Gardner, R H AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Stn., Forestry Sci. Lab., Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 94 EP - 107 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - patches KW - population establishment KW - landscape KW - colonization KW - dispersal KW - habitat fragmentation KW - Y 25841:General KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+landscape+heterogeneity+on+the+probability+of+patch+colonization&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BGardner%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; patches; population establishment; landscape; dispersal; colonization; habitat fragmentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody responses to Brucella abortus 2308 in cattle vaccinated with B. abortus RB51 AN - 17030433; 3868164 AB - Cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus rough strain RB51 (SRB51) produced small amounts of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) but no IgM antibody to smooth strain 2308 (S2308) bacteria and produced no IgG or IgM antibody to S2308 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western immunoblot analysis revealed that antiserum from SRB51-vaccinated cattle contained IgG antibody that reacted with S2308 proteins of 84 to <20 kDa. However, antiserum from the vaccinated cattle did not contain agglutinating B. abortus antibody in the tube agglutination test for brucellosis. These results suggest that SRB51-vaccinated cattle produced no antibody to S2308 LPS, although they did produce nonagglutinating IgG antibody that reacted with S2308 bacteria and bacterial proteins of 84 to <20 kDa. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1030 EP - 1034 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brucella abortus KW - antibody response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Antibody+responses+to+Brucella+abortus+2308+in+cattle+vaccinated+with+B.+abortus+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; antibody response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani using Trichoderma spp. applied as industrial film coatings on seeds AN - 17028281; 3900258 AB - Conidia of seven Trichoderma strains were applied on cucumber or radish seeds as a simple methyl cellulose coating or through an industrial film coating process. The seeds were sown in a peat-based soil artificially infested by R. solani or P. ultimum. Four strains controlled damping-off caused by R. solani when applied as a simple coating or as an industrial film-coating. Also, four strains significantly reduced damping-off caused by P. ultimum in cucumber. A correlation was found between production of volatile antibiotics in vitro and control of P. ultimum. Survival during storage varied according to the strain. Better survival was observed for two strains, with a decrease in conidial viability of one order of magnitude after storage for three and five months at 15 degree C and 4 degree C, respectively. The results show the feasibility of biocontrol of seedling diseases by some antagonists applied onto seeds through an industrial film-coating process. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Cliquet, S AU - Scheffer, R J AD - Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 North Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 247 EP - 255 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - damping-off KW - Trichoderma KW - seed treatments KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+damping-off+caused+by+Pythium+ultimum+and+Rhizoctonia+solani+using+Trichoderma+spp.+applied+as+industrial+film+coatings+on+seeds&rft.au=Cliquet%2C+S%3BScheffer%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cliquet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia solani; Trichoderma; biological control; plant protection; damping-off; seed treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Positioning soil survey for the 21st century AN - 17028060; 3864090 AB - We have proposed a new framework for acquiring and disseminating soils information. Soil survey users are demanding an increasingly wider array of information with precision and accuracy not possible in the traditional soil survey. The new concept is based upon a permanently located regional soil survey update office with a highly professional staff representing diverse technical expertise. A GIS system containing the digitized soil survey, terrain attributes, climatic data, remotely-sensed imagery, natural resource information, and the constantly-growing and evolving soil data base, would be electronically networked to users and updated as needed. Site-specific maps and interpretative summaries, based upon all the information gathered in the system, would be created for user needs on a site-specific basis. The three-dimensional attributes of the GIS software would help to educate users about the spatial and temporal properties of the dynamic soil-landscape. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Indorante, S J AU - McLeese, R L AU - Hammer, R D AU - Thompson, B W AU - Alexander, D L AD - USDA Nat. Resour. Conservation Serv. (NRCS), MLRA 114/115 Update Office, Belleville, IL 62220, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 21 EP - 27 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - GIS KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climatic data KW - natural resources KW - maps KW - data acquisition KW - soil surveys KW - data storage and retrieval KW - information systems KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Positioning+soil+survey+for+the+21st+century&rft.au=Indorante%2C+S+J%3BMcLeese%2C+R+L%3BHammer%2C+R+D%3BThompson%2C+B+W%3BAlexander%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Indorante&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil surveys; information systems; maps; remote sensing; data storage and retrieval; data acquisition; natural resources; climatic data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in carbon content of a Norfolk loamy sand after 14 years of conservation or conventional tillage AN - 17026155; 3904869 AB - Soil carbon (C) management is vital for sandy southeastern Coastal Plain (SCP) soils that are naturally low in C. A long-term investigation began in 1979 to determine if conservation tillage would increase the C content of a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Kandiudult) with a cropping system that included corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plots were 60 m (196.8ft) long and 23 m (75.5 ft) wide with five replications. Before modern conservation tillage technology was available, increasing soil C was believed to be nearly impossible under row crop production, particularly if cotton and soybean were part of the rotation. Tillage (conventional vs. conservation) was the main plot treatment. At the beginning of the experiment, C contents were not significantly different. In years 9 to 14, the mean C content of the 0- to 5-cm (0- to 2-in) depth for conservation tillage was nearly double that for conventional tillage: 12.0 vs 7.2 g kg super(-1) (1.2 and 0.72%) (P less than or equal to 0.05). The r super(2) of C content vs time over the 14 years was 0.44 for the 0- to 5-cm layer of the conservation tillage plots. The slope was 0.61 g kg super(-1) y super(-1) (0.06%), and the probability that the slope was zero was < 0.001. A smaller slope increase of 0.17 g kg super(-1) y super(-1) (0.017%) also existed for conservation tillage at the 5- to 10-cm (2.0- to 3.9-in) depth. The C content was not consistently different between tillage treatments below the 15-cm (5.9-in) depth. Improved equipment, management, and soil quality allowed conservation tillage plots to produce greater yields during years 9 to 14. Long-term conservation tillage of row crops appears to be a viable method of increasing the C content of sandy SCP soils even when soybean and cotton are part of the rotation. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hunt, P G AU - Karlen, D L AU - Matheny, T A AU - Quisenberry, V L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 255 EP - 258 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - conservation tillage KW - USA, Southeast Coastal Plain KW - coastal plains KW - carbon KW - experimental data KW - crop yield KW - soil organic matter KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - sand KW - soil chemistry KW - agricultural practices KW - organic matter KW - USA, South Carolina KW - soil conservation KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17026155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Changes+in+carbon+content+of+a+Norfolk+loamy+sand+after+14+years+of+conservation+or+conventional+tillage&rft.au=Hunt%2C+P+G%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BQuisenberry%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coastal plains; agricultural practices; carbon; sand; experimental data; crop yield; soil chemistry; soil organic matter; organic matter; soil conservation; USA, South Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine AN - 17023979; 3858207 AB - This experiment was designed to study the natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. Forty pigs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 12) was challenged with 10 super(8) CFU of S. choleraesuis per ml by intranasal inoculation. One day postinoculation (p.i.), group 2 (n = 24) was commingled with group 1. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls. Serum samples were collected weekly. Blastogenesis assays and necropsies were performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks p.i., and 16 tissue samples per pig were collected and cultured. Environmental (pooled feces from the pen floor) levels of S. choleraesuis were 2.61 log sub(10) CFU/g of feces at 24 h p.i. (immediately prior to commingling). Severe clinical signs were observed in groups I and 2. The results indicated that at least 16% of group 2 pigs were shedding S. choleraesuis within 24 h of commingling. At 1 week p.i., 32 of 32 group 1 and 39 of 62 group 2 tissue samples were positive for S. choleraesuis. Only 3 of 12 group 2 pigs were positive at 6, 9, and 12 weeks (1 pig for each week), indicating that only a small proportion of infected swine become long-term carriers. At 12 weeks p.i., only the colon and colonic lymph node samples of one pig from group 2 were positive. Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were similar between groups 1 and 2. These data demonstrate that a few pigs shedding low levels of Salmonella organisms before slaughter can result in rapid transmission and subsequent shedding by many swine. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gray, J T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Stabel, T J AU - Kramer, T T AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv.-Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 141 EP - 146 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Salmonella choleraeusis KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease transmission KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Natural+transmission+of+Salmonella+choleraesuis+in+swine&rft.au=Gray%2C+J+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BKramer%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic characterization of a tungsten-tolerant mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii AN - 17022500; 3854046 AB - A tungsten-tolerant mutant strain (CA6) of Azotobacter vinelandii first described in 1980 (P. E. Bishop, D. M. L. Jarlenski, and D. R. Hetherington, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:7342-7346, 1980) has been further characterized. Results from growth experiments suggest that both nitrogenases 1 and 3 are utilized when CA6 grows in N-free medium containing Na sub(2)MoO sub(4). Strain CA6.1.71, which lacks both nitrogenases 2 and 3, grew as well as strain CA in N-free medium containing Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) after an initial lag. This indicates that nitrogenase 1 is fully functional in strain CA6. nifH-lacZ and anfH-lacZ transcriptional fusions were expressed in CA6 in the presence of Na sub(2)MoO sub(4). Thus, in contrast to wild-type strain CA, transcription of the anfHDGK gene cluster in strain CA6 is not repressed by Mo. Expression of the vnfD-lacZ fusion was the same in both strains CA and CA6. In agreement with the results obtained with lac fusions, subunits of both nitrogenases 1 and 3 were found in protein extracts of CA6 cells grown in N-free medium containing Na sub(2)Mo sub(O). However, CA6 cells, cultured in the presence of Na sub(2)WO sub(4), accumulated nitrogenase 3 proteins without detectable amounts of nitrogenase 1 proteins. This indicates that expression of Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 is the basis for the tungsten tolerance phenotype of strain CA6. A measure of Mo accumulation as a function of time showed that accumulation by strain CA6 was slower than that for strain CA. When Mo accumulation was studied as a function of Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) concentration, the two strains accumulated similar amounts of Mo in the concentration range of 0 to 1 mu M Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) during a 2-h period. Within the range of 1 to 5 mu M Na sub(2)MoO sub(4), Mo accumulation by strain CA increased linearly with increasing concentration whereas no further increases were observed for strain CA6. These results are consistent with the possibility that the tungsten tolerance mutation carried by CA6 is in a Mo transport system. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Premakumar, R AU - Jacobitz, S AU - Ricke, S C AU - Bishop, P E AD - USDA-ARS, and Dep. Microbiol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7631, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 691 EP - 696 VL - 178 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - nitrogenase 1 KW - molybdenum KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phenotypes KW - gene fusion KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - culture KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17022500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+characterization+of+a+tungsten-tolerant+mutant+of+Azotobacter+vinelandii&rft.au=Premakumar%2C+R%3BJacobitz%2C+S%3BRicke%2C+S+C%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Premakumar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; gene fusion; phenotypes; culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes in defined glucose medium AN - 17021624; 3858216 AB - A defined medium with glucose as the carbon source was used to quantitatively determine the metabolic end products produced by Listeria monocytogenes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Of 10 strains tested, all produced acetoin under aerobic conditions but not anaerobic conditions. Percent carbon recoveries of end products, typified by strain F5069, were as follows: lactate, 28%; acetate, 23%; and acetoin, 26% for aerobic growth and lactate, 79%; acetate, 2%; formate, 5.4%; ethanol, 7.8%; and carbon dioxide, 2.3% for anaerobic growth. No attempt to determine carbon dioxide under aerobic growth conditions was made. The possibility of using acetoin production to assay for growth of L. monocytogenes under defined conditions should be considered. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Romick, T L AU - Fleming, H P AU - McFeeters, R F AD - Food Ferm. Lab., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 304 EP - 307 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - glucose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - aerobic conditions KW - metabolism KW - anaerobic conditions KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17021624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Aerobic+and+anaerobic+metabolism+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+defined+glucose+medium&rft.au=Romick%2C+T+L%3BFleming%2C+H+P%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Romick&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic conditions; anaerobic conditions; metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sixty years of management and natural disturbance in a New England forested landscape AN - 17018159; 3859334 AB - Changes in species composition of overstory trees (percent of basal area) and size class were monitored over 60 years on 441 cruise plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, a 1052 ha experimental forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The plots were analyzed by elevation class, landtype (deciduous and coniferous), and year (1931-32, 1939-40, and 1991-92) within managed and unmanaged stands. The primary changes in species composition over the 60-year period were due to natural succession, which resulted in marked increases (doubling) of the eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) component, and consistent decreases in paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis Britton) (at medium or low elevations), and aspen (Populus spp.). Timber management resulted in small decreases in the beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) component and slight increases in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Natural disturbances (beech-bark disease and hurricane damage) had only minor effects on species occurrence. No consistent evidence of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) decline was detected. Eastern hemlock, a climatically sensitive species in northern New England with a limited elevational range, increased dramatically at moderate to low elevations, but showed little tendency to invade the highest elevation class; apparently, the warming trend reported elsewhere in New Hampshire is not occurring, or the species are not responding in terms of changes in elevational distribution. The results emphasize the resilience of New England forests and their resistance to exogenous disturbance. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Leak, W B AU - Smith, M-L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 63 EP - 73 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 81 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - migration KW - succession KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - climatic changes KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17018159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Sixty+years+of+management+and+natural+disturbance+in+a+New+England+forested+landscape&rft.au=Leak%2C+W+B%3BSmith%2C+M-L&rft.aulast=Leak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; forests; succession; migration; climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki and host animal source AN - 17015630; 3854195 AB - Isolates (n = 147) of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki from cattle, swine, horses, and wildlife were analyzed by DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified in DNA digested with HpaII, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms were correlated with the host animal source of the isolates. These results will be useful in understanding the epidemiology of serovar pomona infections in livestock. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bolin, CA AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS/USDA, 2300 N. Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 424 EP - 425 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - hosts KW - DNA KW - epidemiology KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17015630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+DNA+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphisms+in+Leptospira+interrogans+serovar+pomona+type+kennewicki+and+host+animal+source&rft.au=Bolin%2C+CA%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira interrogans; DNA; restriction fragment length polymorphism; epidemiology; hosts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth expectations from alternative thinning regimes and prescribed burning in naturally regenerated loblolly-shortleaf pine stands through age 20 AN - 17015353; 3859348 AB - Pine growth was monitored for 14 years after mechanically strip-thinning a dense, naturally regenerated, even-aged stand of 6-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata Mill.) that averaged 41 000 trees per hectare in southeastern Arkansas, USA. Prescribed winter burns were conducted biennially between ages 9 and 20 years. A commercial thinning during the 17th growing season left a residual stocking of either 19.5 m2 ha-1 or 494 crop trees ha-1 in merchantable-sized (>9.0 cm dbh) pines on plots that were precommercially thinned and on plots that were not. Precommercial thinning enhanced pine growth in total height and in diameter at breast height (dbh, taken at 1.37 m) through stand age 20 years. At age 20, present net value (PNV) averaged highest on plots that were precommercially thinned at age 6 then commercially thinned to 494 crop trees per hectare after 16 years because of increased production in sawtimber (trees over 24 cm dbh). The second highest PNV at age 20 was on unmanaged control plots because no costs were incurred for precommercial thinning, hardwood injection, prescribed burning, or timber sale administration. Within each thinning treatment, pine dbh growth decreased in the 18th and 20th year relative to an increase in the degree of crown scorch from prescribed winter burns that were conducted after 17 and 19 years, respectively. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cain, MD AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Monticello, AR 71656-3516, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 227 EP - 241 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 81 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - Pinus echinata KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA, Arkansas KW - growth KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17015353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+expectations+from+alternative+thinning+regimes+and+prescribed+burning+in+naturally+regenerated+loblolly-shortleaf+pine+stands+through+age+20&rft.au=Cain%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus echinata; Pinus taeda; USA, Arkansas; forest management; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Craniofacial malformations induced in hamsters by steroidal alkaloids AN - 17014012; 3845983 AB - Data on jervane, solanidane and spirosolane alkaloid-induced teratogenicity in hamsters is summarized and reviewed. The embryolethality of these steroidal alkaloids is discussed with respect to pre- and post-implantation death. Craniofacial malformations induced by steroidal alkaloids are tabulated and the relationship of malformation pattern to mechanisms of terata induction is noted. Relative teratogenic potencies (RTP) are assigned to jervanes, solanidanes and spirosolanes by conversion of literature data to equimolar doses compared to the powerful Veratrum teratogen, jervine, and the nonteratogenic spirosolane, tomatidine. RTP values are: jervine (100), 12 beta ,13 alpha -dihydrojervine (65), 22S,25R-solanidanes (50), cyclopamine (47), alpha -chaconine (43), 5 alpha ,6,12 beta ,13 alpha -tetrahydrojervine (40), 22R,25S-solanidine (32), solanidine-N-oxide (32), alpha -solanine (32), 5 alpha ,6-dihydrosolanidine (9), muldamine (9), solasodine (6), 5 alpha ,6-dihydrosolasodine (4), tomatine (1), tomatidine (0). JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - alkaloids KW - hamsters KW - jervine KW - tomatidine KW - steroids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - craniofacial syndromes KW - Veratrum KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17014012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Craniofacial+malformations+induced+in+hamsters+by+steroidal+alkaloids&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veratrum; teratogenicity; craniofacial syndromes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for establishing warm season grass hedges for erosion control AN - 17013361; 3850672 AB - Grass hedges can be a relatively economical means to slow runoff water and reduce soil loss. There are several factors that will influence the success of grass hedge establishment including grass election, seed quality, seedbed preparation, planting procedures, timing, and management practices during and following establishment. Failure to consider any one of these factors may jeopardize the success of grass hedge establishment. Grass hedge establishment is not simple nor easy, but the rewards from a well established grass hedge should offset the effort. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Dewald, CL AU - Henry, J AU - Bruckerhoff, S AU - Ritchie, J AU - Dabney, S AU - Shepherd, D AU - Douglas, J AU - Wolf, D AD - USDA--Agric. Res. Serv., Woodward, OK, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 16 EP - 20 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - standards KW - grasses KW - management planning KW - erosion control KW - cost analysis KW - vegetation establishment KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+establishing+warm+season+grass+hedges+for+erosion+control&rft.au=Dewald%2C+CL%3BHenry%2C+J%3BBruckerhoff%2C+S%3BRitchie%2C+J%3BDabney%2C+S%3BShepherd%2C+D%3BDouglas%2C+J%3BWolf%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dewald&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - grasses; vegetation establishment; erosion control; standards; cost analysis; soil erosion; management planning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxic activity of a series of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in primary hepatocyte-mediated V79 cell mutagenesis and DNA repair assay AN - 17012381; 3845985 AB - The genotoxicity of a series of macrocyclic diester pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), isolated from species of the plant genus Senecio, was determined in the Chinese hamster V79 HGPRT cell mutagenesis system and primary rat hepatocyte-DNA repair assay. The alkaloids senecionine, seneciphylline, riddelliine and monocrotaline were cytotoxic to primary rat hepatocytes as shown by elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels in the medium; were mutagenic to Chinese hamster V79 cells in the presence of S9 or primary hepatocytes; and were able to induce DNA repair synthesis in hepatocytes. The N-oxide derivative of riddelliine, and the dehydroaminoalcohol, retronecine, were cytotoxic to primary hepatocytes; were cytotoxic but not mutagenic to V79 cells; and were not active in the hepatocyte-DNA repair assay. The combination of cytotoxicity, V79 cell mutagenesis and DNA repair activity indicates that riddelliine and other structurally-related PAs occurring in Senecio species are likely to be hepatocellular carcinogens as well as cytotoxic agents. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Berry, D L AU - Schoofs, G M AU - Schwass, DE AU - Molyneux, R J AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., ARS - USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 24 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - V79 cells KW - rats KW - pyrrolizidine alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - alkaloids KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - genotoxicity KW - hepatocytes KW - DNA repair KW - mutagenicity KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17012381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Genotoxic+activity+of+a+series+of+pyrrolizidine+alkaloids+in+primary+hepatocyte-mediated+V79+cell+mutagenesis+and+DNA+repair+assay&rft.au=Berry%2C+D+L%3BSchoofs%2C+G+M%3BSchwass%2C+DE%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genotoxicity; hepatocytes; DNA repair; mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in Brucella abortus 2308 infection in BALB/c mice induced by prior vaccination with salt-extractable periplasmic proteins from Brucella abortus 19 AN - 17008137; 3849123 AB - The study compared the immune and protective responses induced in BALB/c mice vaccinated with six salt-extractable periplasmic protein fractions (Brucella cell surface proteins [BCSP]) of Brucella abortus 19 and later challenge exposed with B. abortus 2308. BCSP70 was precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 70% saturation, and BCSP100 was precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 100% saturation by use of supernatant fluid of BCSP70 that had been precipitated with 70% ammonium sulfate. Four subfractions were separated from BCSP100 by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) from Salmonella typhimurium Re mutant strain was used as a potential immune response modifier in some vaccines. Reduced or increased numbers of CFU and increased spleen size in the principal groups of mice relative to that of the nonvaccinated control group were considered protectiveness or virulence (survival) criteria. Results indicated that vaccines prepared from BCSP70 and BCSP100 were moderately protective and immunogenic. The subfractions designated BCSP100-A through BCSP100-D purified by anion-exchange HPLC were not protective when MPL was not used as an immune response modifier. However, two subfractions were associated with significant increases in CFU per spleen and splenomegaly in vaccinated mice compared with those in nonvaccinated challenge-exposed mice. MPL enhanced protection or was neutral when used with BCSP70, BCSP100, BCSP100-C, and BCSP100-D. Serologic results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that MPL modulated the immunoglobulin G responses induced by BCSP70, BCSP100, and subfraction BCSP100-B vaccines only. The overall results suggest that certain proteinaceous periplasmic fractions might serve as virulence or survival factors in B. abortus infections. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Pugh, GW Jr AU - Tabatabai, L B AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 548 EP - 556 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - brucellosis KW - animal models KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17008137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Variation+in+Brucella+abortus+2308+infection+in+BALB%2Fc+mice+induced+by+prior+vaccination+with+salt-extractable+periplasmic+proteins+from+Brucella+abortus+19&rft.au=Pugh%2C+GW+Jr%3BTabatabai%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; immune response; animal models; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination with genetically modified Shiga-like toxin IIe prevents edema disease in swine AN - 17000072; 3840585 AB - Escherichia coli strains producing Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIe, formerly called SLT-IIv) cause edema disease in weaned pigs. Vaccination of pigs with a genetically modified form of Shiga-like toxin IIe, SLT-IIe (E167Q), has been previously shown to be nontoxic and to induce antibodies to SLT-IIe (V. M. Gordon, S. C. Whipp, H. W. Moon, A.D. O'Brien, and J. E. Samuel, Infect. Immun. 60:485-502-1992). Fifty micrograms of SLT-IIe(EI67Q) toxin was used to vaccinate suckling pigs at 1 and 2 weeks of age. Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs were orally inoculated with an SLT-IIe-producing strain of E. coli after weaning (3 to 4 weeks of age). Pigs fed a low-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed subclinical edema disease, histologically evident as vascular necrosis. Pigs fed a high-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed clinical edema disease manifested as vascular necrosis, reduced weight gain, ataxia, palpebral edema, lateral recumbency, and death. Pigs vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) had a reduction in the incidence of subclinical edema disease and never developed clinical edema disease. These data demonstrate that vaccination with a genetically modified form of SLT-IIe prevents edema disease and are consistent with the notion that diet influences susceptibility to edema disease. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Samuel, JE AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AU - Gordon, V M AU - Whipp, S C AD - Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Shiga-like toxin II KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - edema KW - Escherichia coli KW - disease control KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32415:Veterinary Medicine: Therapy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vaccination+with+genetically+modified+Shiga-like+toxin+IIe+prevents+edema+disease+in+swine&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+B+T%3BSamuel%2C+JE%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD%3BGordon%2C+V+M%3BWhipp%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - edema; disease control; vaccination; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of orf1 and orf2 in the anfHDGK genomic region encoding nitrogenase 3 of Azotobacter vinelandii AN - 16998877; 3833690 AB - In Azotobacter vinelandii, the anfHDGK operon encodes the subunits for the third nitrogenase complex. Two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) located immediately downstream of anfK were shown to be required for diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. We have designated orf1 and orf2 anfO and anfR, respectively. Strains (CA115 and CA116) carrying in-frame deletions in anfO and anfR accumulate the subunits for nitrogenase 3 under Mo-deficient diazotrophic conditions. AnfO and AnfR are required for nitrogenase 3-dependent diazotrophic growth and super(15)SN sub(2) incorporation but not for acetylene reduction. AnfO contains a putative heme-binding domain that exhibits similarity to presumed heme-binding domains of P-450 cytochromes. Amino acid substitutions of Cys-158 show that this residue is required for fully functional AnfO as measured by diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. The nucleotide sequence of the region located immediately downstream of anfR has been determined. A putative rho -independent transcription termination site has been identified 250 bp from the 3' end of anfR. A third open reading frame (orf3), located downstream of anfR, does not appear to be required for diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Mylona, P V AU - Premakumar, R AU - Pau, R N AU - Bishop, P E AD - ARS-USDA, and Dep. Microbiol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7615, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 204 EP - 208 VL - 178 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - nitrogenase 3 KW - orf1 gene KW - orf2 gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - deletion mutant KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - growth KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16998877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+orf1+and+orf2+in+the+anfHDGK+genomic+region+encoding+nitrogenase+3+of+Azotobacter+vinelandii&rft.au=Mylona%2C+P+V%3BPremakumar%2C+R%3BPau%2C+R+N%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Mylona&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; nucleotide sequence; growth; deletion mutant ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertility management in dryland conservation cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest AN - 16470759; 4405414 AB - The Pacific Northwest dryland region is moving toward conservation tillage to control excessive erosion on steep slopes, but progress has been slow because of adverse effects on plant growth and yield. Fertility relations in cereal grains with conventional tillage are well known, with deficiencies occurring for nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, in declining order of frequency. N and S deficiencies are more severe in conservation tillage, although the pattern of crop response to nutrient application is the same as in conventional tillage. Placing nutrients in a subsurface band near the seed is more effective than broadcasting on the surface. Higher fertility is required near developing root systems to offset greater competition from grassy weeds and more intense pressure from root-pruning soil pathogens. Conservation tillage alters soil fertility and plant growth in different ways on different landscapes. These differences must be considered to ensure that conservation tillage will be effective over the entire field. JF - AM. J. ALTERNATIVE AGRIC. AU - Rasmussen, P E AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, PO Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801-0370, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 108 EP - 114 VL - 11 IS - 2-3 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16470759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AM.+J.+ALTERNATIVE+AGRIC.&rft.atitle=Fertility+management+in+dryland+conservation+cropping+systems+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AM.+J.+ALTERNATIVE+AGRIC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Root to shoot ratio of crops as influenced by CO sub(2) AN - 16120747; 4210372 AB - Crops of tomorrow are likely to grow under higher levels of atmospheric CO sub(2). Fundamental crop growth processes will be affected and chief among these is carbon allocation. The root to shoot ratio (R:S, defined as dry weight of root biomass divided by dry weight of shoot biomass) depends upon the partitioning of photosynthate which may be influenced by environmental stimuli. Exposure of plant canopies to high CO sub(2) concentration often stimulates the growth of both shoot and root, but the question remains whether elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration will affect roots and shoots of crop plants proportionally. Since elevated CO sub(2) can induce changes in plant structure and function, there may be differences in allocation between root and shoot, at least under some conditions. The effect of elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) on carbon allocation has yet to be fully elucidated, especially in the context of changing resource availability. Herein we review root to shoot allocation as affected by increased concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) and provide recommendations for further research. Review of the available literature shows substantial variation in R:S response for crop plants. In many cases (59.5%) R:S increased, in a very few (3.0%) remained unchanged, and in others (37.5%) decreased. The explanation for these differences probably resides in crop type, resource supply, and other experimental factors. Efforts to understand allocation under CO sub(2) enrichment will add substantially to the global change response data base. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Rogers, H H AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Mitchell, R J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 248 VL - 187 IS - 2 KW - crops KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - resource allocation KW - roots KW - shoots KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16120747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Root+to+shoot+ratio+of+crops+as+influenced+by+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+H+H%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BMitchell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat leaf epicuticular characteristics as rust inhibitors AN - 16084505; 4112005 AB - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) trichomes influence wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) germling elongation as a function of the external element (i.e. - Ca, Si, P, Cl) concentration. Basal cells of multicellular trichomes have a high Ca content; and, Ca super(2+) has been shown to inhibit elongation of primary roots. Evaluation of epicuticular wax composition in the intracellular areas of epidermal cells might explain the disorganized growth in those locations. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Wilkinson, R E AU - Roberts, J J AD - University of Georgia, and Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS, Georgia Station, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 591 EP - 598 VL - B31 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Puccinia recondita KW - rust KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16084505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Wheat+leaf+epicuticular+characteristics+as+rust+inhibitors&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+R+E%3BRoberts%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=B31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Pesticide chemistry for sustainable agriculture. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Triticum aestivum; rust; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides AN - 16083701; 4112007 AB - Microbes are sources of a diverse array of phytotoxic compounds. These compounds are generally structurally different from commercial herbicides, targeting different molecular sites of action within the plant. These novel structures and sites can be excellent leads for the discovery and development of safer synthetic herbicides. Microbial phytotoxins are often more environmentally benign than synthetic herbicides. Examples of phytotoxins from fungi (AAL-toxin, cornexistin, cyperin, and tentoxin) with novel structures and sites of action are discussed. AAL-toxin and toxic to a wide variety of weeds at very low dose rates. AAL-toxin and many of its analogues kill plants by inhibiting a ceramide synthase-like enzyme, causing rapid accumulation of free sphingoid bases that disrupt membranes. Cornexistin appears to be metabolically cnverted to an inhibitor of certain aspartate amino transferase isoenzymes. Its activity can be reversed by feeding aspartate and glutamate or with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Its activity is much like that of (aminooxy)acetate. Cyperin is a diphenylether phytotoxin that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, but does not kill plants by this mechanism. It appears to have other effects on porphyrin metabolism. Tentoxin is toxic by two mechanisms. It disrupts chloroplast development by inhibiting the processing of a nuclear-coded plastid protein, and it also inhibits photophosphorylation by acting as an energy transfer inhibitor of coupling factor 1 ATPase. Other examples of phytotoxins from microbes with promise as herbicides will be mentioned. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Duke, SO AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, M V AU - Lee, HJ AU - Vaughn, K C AU - Amagasa, T AU - Tanaka, T AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Southern Weed Science Laboratory, P. O. Box 350 Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 427 EP - 434 VL - B31 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - AAL toxin KW - cyperin KW - tentoxin KW - cornexistin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - herbicides KW - phytotoxins KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16083701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Microbial+phytotoxins+as+potential+herbicides&rft.au=Duke%2C+SO%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+M+V%3BLee%2C+HJ%3BVaughn%2C+K+C%3BAmagasa%2C+T%3BTanaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=B31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Pesticide chemistry for sustainable agriculture. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytotoxins; biological control; herbicides ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service in the control of introduced weeds AN - 16082942; 4112537 AB - The role of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in the research and control of introduced weeds is discussed. Introduced weeds are a major economic threat to the United States. Currently, about 60% of all weeds in the United States are of foreign origin. These alien weed species reduce the quality of food, feed, and fiber and increase the cost of crop production by several billion dollars annually. In addition, introduced weeds threaten native plant species in natural areas and reduce environmental quality on public and private lands. JF - Castanea AU - Bryson, C T Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 261 EP - 270 VL - 61 IS - 3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - USA KW - weed control KW - economic importance KW - weeds KW - introduced species KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16082942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=The+role+of+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture%2C+Agricultural+Research+Service+in+the+control+of+introduced+weeds&rft.au=Bryson%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ripeness effects of three vegetable crops on abundance of augmentatively released Psyttalia fletcheri (Hym.: Braconidae): Improved sampling and release methods AN - 16066634; 4099535 AB - Studies were done to determine the effect of 4 fruit ripeness levels on the abundance of Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri), a parasitoid of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). In addition, an improved trapping method was developed for monitoring mass-released adult parasitoids in the field. A total of 420,000 adult P. fletcheri were released over a period of 15 weeks, in a 0.16 ha experimental field plot containing cucumber, zucchini and tomato in Kauai, HI. We recovered significantly more P. fletcheri from rotting fruits of all fruit types than from immature, commercial grade or oversized fruits. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of P. fletcheri and R. cucurbitae recovered from rotting fruits. Average parasitism in rotting tomato, zucchini and cucumber was 5, 19 and 36% respectively. Yellow pan traps were as effective as sticky sphere traps for monitoring P. fletcheri, indicating that parasitoids were foraging close to the ground where rotting fruits occurred. The pan traps were much easier to use, less expensive and required less set up time. Recovery of parasitoids from both fruit collections and pan traps indicated that P. fletcheri was least abundant in tomato. Both male and female parasitoids exhibited a weakly aggregated distribution in each crop. We discuss modified sampling and release methods for population estimation and augmentative release studies of P. fletcheri. JF - Entomophaga AU - Purcell, M F AU - Messing, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 115 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Psyttalia fletcheri KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - population density KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - sampling KW - crops KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Ripeness+effects+of+three+vegetable+crops+on+abundance+of+augmentatively+released+Psyttalia+fletcheri+%28Hym.%3A+Braconidae%29%3A+Improved+sampling+and+release+methods&rft.au=Purcell%2C+M+F%3BMessing%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Tephritidae; Diptera; Hymenoptera; USA, Hawaii; sampling; crops; population density; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical properties of acid soil treated with coal combustion by-products and leached AN - 16041020; 4086171 AB - Application of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) to acid soils can have beneficial or detrimental effects. A column study was conducted to determine the effects of CCBs on mitigating acid soil properties after leaching with 138 cm deionized water. Columns containing 105 cm acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult) had mixed in the top 15 cm the following treatments (g/kg soil): no CCB or limestone (check); dolomitic limestone (lime) at 3.98; high-calcium sulfate (CaSO sub(4)) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product (BP) at 15.88; combination of lime+FGD at rates given; high-CaSO sub(4) FGD BP enriched with Mg (FGD+Mg) at 15.88; and fluidized bed combustion (FBC) BP at 6.45. After being leached for 39 days, the columns of acid soil treated with high-CaSO sub(4) by-products showed higher subsurface pH, calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S) and lower aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn). In contrast, the lime alone treatment had little effect on subsurface soil properties. Use of dolomitic limestone to supply magnesium (Mg) in conjunction with the CaSO sub(4) treatments was more effective than supplementation with Mg(OH) sub(2), where 97% of the added Mg leached from the top layer. Substances leached from the CCBs studied were effective in reducing problems associated with subsurface soil acidity. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Zaifnejad, M AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Clark, R B AU - Baligar, V C AU - Martens, D C AD - Appalachian Soil & Water Conserv. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 867, Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2783 EP - 2797 VL - 27 IS - 15-17 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - calcium sulfate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - land application KW - lime KW - byproducts KW - acidity KW - flue gas desulfurization KW - coal KW - leaching KW - combustion products KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16041020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Chemical+properties+of+acid+soil+treated+with+coal+combustion+by-products+and+leached&rft.au=Zaifnejad%2C+M%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BClark%2C+R+B%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BMartens%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Zaifnejad&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=15-17&rft.spage=2783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; acidity; combustion products; leaching; lime; coal; chemical analysis; flue gas desulfurization; byproducts; land application ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of promoter-leader sequences on transient expression of reporter gene chimeras biolistically transferred into sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) suspension cells AN - 16039827; 4093441 AB - Chimeric constructs consisting of the gus coding region fused downstream of promoter-untranslated leader sequences from the tobacco osmotin and PR-S genes, the potato proteinase inhibitor 2 gene (pin2), and the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter were biolistically transferred into sugarbeet suspension cells. Each construct was expressed in recipient cells at 6 h after bombardment with maximum levels observed between 12 and 48 h. Expression of the PR-S construct mimicked the time-course expression of the constitutively expressed 35S construct but reached levels almost 50% higher. The pin2-promoter construct was ultimately expressed at levels similar to that of PR-S. Expression of the osmotin promoter-leader construct was highest, reaching levels approximately 2.5-fold higher than those of the 35S construct (DBO). JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Ingersoll, J C AU - Heutte, T M AU - Owens, L D AD - Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 006, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 836 EP - 840 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - Beta vulgaris KW - gene expression KW - promoters KW - reporter gene KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Effect+of+promoter-leader+sequences+on+transient+expression+of+reporter+gene+chimeras+biolistically+transferred+into+sugarbeet+%28Beta+vulgaris%29+suspension+cells&rft.au=Ingersoll%2C+J+C%3BHeutte%2C+T+M%3BOwens%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ingersoll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; gene expression; promoters; reporter gene; Beta vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial associations with decaying wood: A review AN - 16032948; 4096991 AB - Wood-inhabiting bacteria are associated with wood decay and may have an indirect influence on the decay process. Bacteria are able to affect wood permeability, attack wood structure, or work synergistically with other bacteria and soft-rot fungi to predispose wood to fungal attack. Bacteria that can inhabit chemically treated wood are recognized. The natural ability of certain bacterial genera to decompose creosote, mineralize pentachlorophenol, and tolerate chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA-)-treated wood is discussed with respect to their role in the biodegradation of chemically preserved waste-wood products. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Clausen, CA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab., 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 101 EP - 107 VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - bacteria KW - chromated-copper-arsenate KW - creosote KW - pentachlorophenol KW - woodiness diseases KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - reviews KW - wood KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Bacterial+associations+with+decaying+wood%3A+A+review&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; reviews; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative natural rubber AN - 15988867; 275626 AB - This paper discusses research results underlying promising approaches to the genetic engineering of temperate-zone annual plants into commercial crops of natural rubber. It also reports the biotechnological development of hypoallergenic latex to address markets for which H. brasiliensis latex is unsuitable and which are of sufficient value to permit the immediate commercialization of a major domestic Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule) crop. JF - Chemtech AU - Cornish, Katrina AU - Siler, Deborah J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 38 EP - 44 PB - ACS, WASHINGTON, DC, (USA) VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0009-2703, 0009-2703 KW - Agronomy KW - Allergies KW - Allylic pyrophosphate KW - Isopentenyl pyrophosphate KW - Latex allergy KW - Latexes KW - Plant breeding KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biosynthesis KW - Substrates KW - Molecules KW - Biotechnology KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 818.1:NATURAL RUBBER KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 931.3:ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemtech&rft.atitle=Alternative+natural+rubber&rft.au=Cornish%2C+Katrina%3BSiler%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemtech&rft.issn=00092703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosynthesis; Substrates; Molecules; Biotechnology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of loblolly pine to ozone and simulated acidic rain AN - 15967014; 4067033 AB - Acidic rain and ozone (O sub(3)) may have serious consequences on the growth and development of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), a tree species of major economic importance in the southeastern United States. In two independent studies, seedlings of open-pollinated families of loblolly pine were exposed to five concentrations of O sub(3) (0, 80, 160, 240, or 320 nL.L super(-1)) and three simulated rain acidities (pH 5.3, 4.3, or 3.3). Following 23 weeks of growth (12 weeks in charcoal-filtered air and 11 weeks of O sub(3) and simulated acidic rain exposures), stem height, secondary needle dry weight, top and total seedling dry weight, and root/shoot dry weight ratio all were related negatively and linearly with O sub(3) concentration. Stem diameter and root dry weight were also suppressed by O sub(3). Suppression of the growth parameters ranged from 14 to 35% for the greatest O sub(3) concentration. Acidity of simulated rain did not affect seedlings, nor did it affect seedling responses to O sub(3). Results indicate that acid rain probably has little effect on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, but O sub(3) can suppress growth to varying degrees depending on family. JF - CAN. J. FOR. RES. AU - Reinert, R A AU - Shafer AU - Eason, G AU - Schoeneberger, M M AU - Horton, S J AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv. and Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1715 EP - 1723 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0045-5067, 0045-5067 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - Pinus taeda KW - pollution effects KW - air pollution KW - acid rain KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15967014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.atitle=Responses+of+loblolly+pine+to+ozone+and+simulated+acidic+rain&rft.au=Reinert%2C+R+A%3BShafer%3BEason%2C+G%3BSchoeneberger%2C+M+M%3BHorton%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.issn=00455067&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; acid rain; ozone; pollution effects; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of drought on competition between selected Rhizobium meliloti strains and naturalized soil rhizobia in alfalfa AN - 15935578; 4056196 AB - Drought is an important environmental factor that can affect rhizobial competition and N sub(2) fixation. Three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L.) accessions were grown in pots containing soil from an irrigated (Soil 1) and a dryland (Soil 2) alfalfa field in northern Utah, USA. Mutants of three strains of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. from Pakistan (UL 136, UL 210, and UL 222) and a commercial rhizobial strain 102F51a were developed with various levels of resistance to streptomycin. Seeds inoculated with these individual streptomycin-resistant mutants were sown in the two soils containing naturalized rhizobial populations. Soils in the pots were maintained at -0.03, -0.5, and -1.0 MPa. After 10 weeks, plants were harvested and nodule isolates were cultured on agar medium with and without streptomycin to determine nodule occupancy (proportion of the nodules occupied by introduced rhizobial strains). Number of nodules, nodule occupancy, total plant dry weight, and shoot N were higher for Soil 1 than Soil 2. Number of nodules, plant dry weight, and shoot N decreased as drought increased from -0.03 to -1.0 MPa in the three alfalfa accessions. Rhizobial strains UL 136 and UL 222 were competitive with naturalized alfalfa rhizobia and were effective at symbiotic N sub(2) fixation under drought. These results suggest that nodulation, growth, and N sub(2) fixation in alfalfa can be improved by inoculation with competitive and drought-tolerant rhizobia and may be one economically feasible way to increase alfalfa production in water-limited environments. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Athar, M AU - Johnson, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 231 EP - 242 VL - 184 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - rhizobia KW - drought KW - alfalfa KW - Medicago falcata KW - streptomycin KW - droughts KW - competition KW - Rhizobium KW - Medicago KW - Medicago sativa KW - Rhizobium meliloti KW - nodulation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - crop production KW - nitrogen fixation KW - resistance KW - USA, Utah KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15935578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Influence+of+drought+on+competition+between+selected+Rhizobium+meliloti+strains+and+naturalized+soil+rhizobia+in+alfalfa&rft.au=Athar%2C+M%3BJohnson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Athar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium; Medicago; Medicago sativa; Rhizobium meliloti; drought; alfalfa; nitrogen fixation; resistance; crop production; USA, Utah; droughts; competition; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic ozone effects on three northeastern hardwood species: Growth and biomass AN - 15934838; 4052814 AB - The response of black berry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings after being exposed to two seasons of ozone ranging from subambient to twice ambient (exposures ranged from 16 to 107 ppm/h in 1990 and 31 to 197 ppm/h in 1991) was studied in standard 3-m diameter open-top chambers. All three species responded differently to ozone. After one season of exposure, black cherry growth and biomass decreased with increasing ozone exposure; yellow-poplar growth and biomass increased with increasing ozone exposure; and sugar maple growth and biomass were not significantly affected by ozone. After two seasons of exposure, few to no effects from ozone were observed in either sugar maple or yellow-poplar. However, total plant and root biomass of black cherry exposed to twice ambient ozone were reduced 32 and 39%, respectively, when compared with those grown in charcoal-filtered air. Exposure-response relationships were either linear or quadratic for most of the growth and biomass parameters measured. JF - CAN. J. FOR. RES. AU - Rebbeck, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1788 EP - 1798 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0045-5067, 0045-5067 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Acer saccharum KW - biomass KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - pollution effects KW - Prunus serotina KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15934838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.atitle=Chronic+ozone+effects+on+three+northeastern+hardwood+species%3A+Growth+and+biomass&rft.au=Rebbeck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rebbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.issn=00455067&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer saccharum; Prunus serotina; Liriodendron tulipifera; air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; growth; biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats AN - 15929448; 4051662 AB - Chromium (Cr) absorption is low (<1%) and there is a need to find Cr compounds that are absorbed better than inorganic Cr salts. Therefore, the incorporation of nine different chromium (Cr) compounds on tissue Cr concentration of 6-week male Wistar rats was investigated. Chromium compounds tested were Cr chloride (Cr chloride), Cr acetate (Cr acetate), Cr potassium sulfate (CrAlum), Cr trihistidine (Cr histidine), Cr triglycine (Cr glycine), Cr trinicotinic acid (CrNA), Cr dinicotinic acid dihistidine (CrNA-HIS), Cr tripicolinic acid (Cr picolinate), and Cr dinicotinic acid diglycine cysteine glutamic acid (CrNA-AA). Complexes were fed to weanling rats for 3 weeks at 5,000 ng of Cr/g of diet. Basal control diet was a cornstarch-based diet containing 30 ng Cr/g. Chromium incorporation into the kidney was greatest for CrNA-AA complex (850 ng/g dry wt) followed by CrAlum (407 ng/g), Cr acetate (397), CrNA-HIS (394), Cr picolinate (368), Cr glycine (343), Cr nicotinate (166), Cr chloride (74), CrHIS (49), and control (23 ng/g). Chromium concentration of the liver was greatest for the Cr picolinate compound (50 ng/g) followed by CrNA-AA and Cr acetate. Liver Cr concentrations of remaining complexes were not significantly different from those of the control animals that received no added Cr. Chromium concentrations were significantly greater in the kidney than those for the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and gastrocnemius muscle. Supplemental Cr did not affect tissue zinc and copper but did alter tissue iron concentrations. Absorption of radioactive forms of Cr did not explain the differences in tissue Cr concentrations. Chromium absorption after 4 hours and retention after 24 hours were not significantly different for the forms of Cr tested. These data demonstrate that Cr concentrations are greatest in the kidney and that the form of dietary Cr significantly affects tissue Cr concentrations. Absorption of Cr does not correlate with tissue Cr concentrations and blood Cr is not in equilibrium with tissue Cr stores. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Anderson, R A AU - Bryden, NA AU - Polansky, M M AU - Gautschi, K AD - USDA, ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg. 307, Rm. 224, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 11 EP - 25 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - rats KW - chromium KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - diets KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15929448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dietary+chromium+effects+on+tissue+chromium+concentrations+and+chromium+absorption+in+rats&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+A%3BBryden%2C+NA%3BPolansky%2C+M+M%3BGautschi%2C+K&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of rooting medium and fertilizer rate on response of white clover to tropospheric ozone AN - 15920683; 4047042 AB - Two white clover (Trifolium repens L.) clones with varying sensitivity to O sub(3) are being developed as a system to indicate effects of ambient concentrations of tropospheric O sub(3) on plants. One clone (NC-S) is highly sensitive to O sub(3) and the other (NC-R) is highly resistant. The system relies on periodic measurement of foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and forage production of NC-S and NC-R grown in 15-liter pots throughout a summer season. Relative amounts of foliar injury and ratios (NC-S/NC-R) for chlorophyll and forage weight can be used to estimate biologically effective ambient O sub(3) concentrations. The effect of variation in rooting media formulation and fertilizer rate on response of NC-S and NC-R to ambient O sub(3) was determined in the present study. In the rooting medium experiment, clover was grown in three mixtures of sandy loam topsoil:course washed sand:Metro Mix 220 (ratios (by volume) of 2:1:1, 2:1:5, and 6:1:1). In the fertilizer experiment, clover was grown in the 2:1:1 medium at four fertilizer rates (soluble 5-11-26 (N-P-K) at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g per pot). Ozone caused more foliar injury, more chlorosis, and a greater decrease in forage production of NC-S than of NC-R in all studies. Rooting media treatments affected both clones similarly and occasional clone x media interactions were judged to be random. Forage production by NC-S, relative to that of NC-R, was generally greater in the 0.0 fertilizer treatment, but the forage ratios were similar at all other fertilizer treatments. The relative response of NC-S and NC-R to O sub(3) is fairly stable under cultural conditions that support normal plant growth. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AD - Plant Pathol. Dep., USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 113 EP - 119 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - plants KW - Trifolium repens KW - chlorophyll KW - ozone KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15920683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Effects+of+rooting+medium+and+fertilizer+rate+on+response+of+white+clover+to+tropospheric+ozone&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; plants; ozone; pollution effects; fertilizers; chlorophyll; growth ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cover crops affect sorghum seedling growth AN - 15915576; 265629 AB - The effect of killed cover crop on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] seedling growth was characterized in a controlled-environment to test several seed-zone management practices that could alleviate detrimental effects. Germination, root and shoot length, and disease incidence of sorghum indicated that legume cover crops were more detrimental to seedling growth than nonlegumes. Surface and subsurface residues, and residue leachates contributed to the deleterious effects of cover crops. Seedling shoot incidence continued when legume residues were mixed into soil or placed on top of soil during planting. Pathogenic organisms isolated from lesions on seedlings indicated that legume cover crops increased the damage. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Dabney, Seth M AU - Schreiber, Jonathon D AU - Rothrock, Craig S AU - Johnson, Joseph R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 961 EP - 970 PB - AMERICAN SOC OF AGRONOMY INC, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 88 IS - 6 KW - Cover crop interference KW - Leachate treatment KW - Pathogenic organisms KW - Seed KW - Sorghum seedling growth KW - Surface residues KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fungicides KW - Toxicity KW - Cultivation KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Cover+crops+affect+sorghum+seedling+growth&rft.au=Dabney%2C+Seth+M%3BSchreiber%2C+Jonathon+D%3BRothrock%2C+Craig+S%3BJohnson%2C+Joseph+R&rft.aulast=Dabney&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the respiratory burst of fungally infected plant cells AN - 15896700; 4033212 AB - The principal route of oxygen utilization in the respiratory burst of fungally infected plants was determined from stoichiometries of the uptake and electronic reduction of oxygen in cotton cells exposed to Aspergillus flavus walls. Using 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and epinephrine as redox reagents to manipulate oxygen transitions, we found that oxygen consumption doubled when superoxide disproportionation was abolished and was abolished when disproportionation doubled. Of four possible pathways for oxygen consumption, only monovalent reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide was consistent with this inversely proportional relationship. According to the observed rate of oxygen consumption in this pathway and in the absence of competition to disproportionation of superoxide, infected cells are capable of generating intracellular concentrations of 1 M hydrogen peroxide in 13 min. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Jacks, T J AU - Davidonis, G H AD - USDA, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - 158 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - superoxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - respiratory burst KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - plant cells KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15896700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Superoxide%2C+hydrogen+peroxide%2C+and+the+respiratory+burst+of+fungally+infected+plant+cells&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BDavidonis%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Gossypium hirsutum; plant cells; respiratory burst; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings AN - 15877192; 261570 AB - Two Populus hybrids (11-11 and D-01) were planted in monoclonal block plantings at three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) near Olympia, Washington, and evaluated over a 7-year period for individual tree growth rates and above-ground stand productivity. Differences were substantial between clones and among spacings in both individual tree characteristics (height and diameter growth) and stand productivity (leaf area, basal area, or biomass production). Relative differences in growth between the clones tended to increase with spacing. Woody biomass production of clone 11-11 averaged 18.2 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) at the 1.0 m spacing, whereas clone D-01 averaged only 10.1 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) at that spacing. The clones differed in phenology of height and diameter growth, maximum rate of periodic height growth, tendency to produce sylleptic branches, partitioning of woody biomass, and sensitivity of growth rates to competition. All of these characteristics have important influences on the productivity of short-rotation plantations. JF - Biomass and Bioenergy AU - DeBell, Dean S AU - Clendenen, Gary W AU - Harrington, Constance A AU - Zasada, John C AD - USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 253 EP - 269 PB - PERGAMON PRESS INC, TARRYTOWN, NY, (USA) VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0961-9534, 0961-9534 KW - Bioenergy KW - Phenology KW - Plant growth KW - Plantations KW - Poplar KW - Populus plantings KW - Production KW - Spacings KW - Sylleptic branches KW - Tree growth KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Cloning KW - Wood KW - Biomass KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 461.8.1:GENETIC ENGINEERING KW - W4 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - EE 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 525.1:ENERGY RESOURCES KW - W4 461.8.1:GENETIC ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 525.1:ENERGY RESOURCES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15877192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=Tree+growth+and+stand+development+in+short-rotation+populus+plantings%3A+7-year+results+for+two+clones+at+three+spacings&rft.au=DeBell%2C+Dean+S%3BClendenen%2C+Gary+W%3BHarrington%2C+Constance+A%3BZasada%2C+John+C&rft.aulast=DeBell&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.issn=09619534&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Production; Cloning; Wood; Biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visible near-infrared radiation parameters for sugar-beets AN - 15870632; 261925 AB - A two-stream description of the interaction of radiation with vegetation and an underlying surface is applied to experimental data from a sugar-beet canopy. The two parameters of the theory (reflectance of a dense canopy, and the attenuation coefficient for radiation in the canopy) are determined for chlorotic and normal sugar-beets, thereby allowing estimation of leaf area index from remotely-sensed reflectance measurements. Comparison with previous results for corn suggest that the parameters are species dependent. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Price, J C AU - Steven, M AU - Andrieu, B AU - Jaggard, K AD - USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3411 EP - 3418 PB - TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, LONDON, (ENGL) VL - 17 IS - 17 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Infrared radiation KW - Leaf area index KW - Light absorption KW - Light reflection KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Plants (botany) KW - Sugar-beets KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Visible+near-infrared+radiation+parameters+for+sugar-beets&rft.au=Price%2C+J+C%3BSteven%2C+M%3BAndrieu%2C+B%3BJaggard%2C+K&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steroidal alkaloid teratogens: Molecular probes for investigation of craniofacial malformations AN - 15825387; 4007556 AB - Holoprosencephaly, a malformation sequence that results from impaired midline cleavage of the embryonic forebrain, is expressed as a spectrum of craniofacial anomalies of which cyclopia is the most severe. The Veratrum alkaloids are the most prominent of the teratogenic agents known to induce holoprosencephaly in mammals. Jervine and 11-deoxojervine (cyclopamine) are potent steroidal alkaloid teratogens from Veratrum californicum that are responsible for inducing cyclopic malformations in sheep. Extensive structure-terata investigations of jervanes, solanidanes, and spirosolanes have shown that teratogenicity induced upon oral administration of all three structural types is significantly higher if the C-5, C-6 bond is unsaturated. Research in progress on the pathogenesis of holoprosencephalic malformations in both hamsters and humans offers the potential to provide information on the receptors involved in the expressions of these craniofacial syndromes. A clearer understanding of steroidal alkaloid-induced teratogenesis will emerge when appropriate receptor sites are revealed with which teratogenic alkaloids of slightly different structure can interact. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 303 EP - 326 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - alkaloids KW - steroids KW - jervine KW - cyclopamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogens KW - Veratrum californicum KW - reviews KW - craniofacial syndromes KW - malformations KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Steroidal+alkaloid+teratogens%3A+Molecular+probes+for+investigation+of+craniofacial+malformations&rft.title=Steroidal+alkaloid+teratogens%3A+Molecular+probes+for+investigation+of+craniofacial+malformations&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veratrum californicum; teratogens; malformations; reviews; craniofacial syndromes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial stimulation of adventitious rooting on in vitro cultured slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) seedling explants AN - 15811959; 4000162 AB - A bacterium has been isolated that initiates adventitious rooting when co-cultured under in vitro conditions with seedling-produced hypocotylary explants of slash pine (Pinus elliottii). Rooting efficiencies produced through bacterial-explant co-culture range from approximately 15% to greater than 90% over non-treated controls. Explant exposure to the root inducing bacterium has produced no obvious pathology in the regenerated plantlets. Seedling explants rooted by bacterial-explant co-culture have been successfully transitioned to ambient greenhouse conditions. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Burns, JA AU - Schwarz, O J AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Plains Area, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74074, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 405 EP - 408 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - rooting KW - Agrobacterium rhizogenes KW - Pinus elliottii KW - seedlings KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Bacterial+stimulation+of+adventitious+rooting+on+in+vitro+cultured+slash+pine+%28Pinus+elliottii+Engelm.%29+seedling+explants&rft.au=Burns%2C+JA%3BSchwarz%2C+O+J&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rooting; seedlings; Pinus elliottii; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel AN - 15811355; 253533 AB - Lipases were screened for their ability to transesterify triglycerides with short-chain alcohols to alkyl esters. The lipase from Mucor miehei was most efficient for converting triglycerides to their alkyl esters with primary alcohols, whereas the lipase from Candida antarctica was most efficient for transesterifying triglycerides with secondary alcohols to give branched alkyl esters. Conditions were established for converting tallow to short-chain alkyl esters at more than 90% conversion. These same conditions also proved effective for transesterifying vegetable oils and high fatty acid-containing feedstocks to their respective alkyl ester derivatives. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Nelson, Lloyd A AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Marmer, William N AD - USDA, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1191 EP - 1195 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcoholysis KW - Alkyl esters KW - Biodiesel KW - Diesel fuels KW - Glycerol KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Lipase KW - Lubricating greases KW - Rapeseed KW - Restaurant grease KW - Soil oil KW - Synthesis (chemical) KW - Tallow KW - Transesterification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Esterification KW - Fatty acids KW - Enzymes KW - Esters KW - Catalysis KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 607.1:LUBRICANTS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 523:LIQUID FUELS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipase-catalyzed+production+of+biodiesel&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Lloyd+A%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BMarmer%2C+William+N&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esterification; Fatty acids; Enzymes; Esters; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory perspective of the USDA on the use of antimicrobials and inhibitors in foods AN - 15809469; 4000446 AB - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is directly involved in the changes occurring in food ingredient use. FSIS responds to petitions from industry, trade groups, academia, and other research organizations for the use of new ingredients and the new use of existing ingredients in meat and poultry products. The agency confirms the safety and evaluates the technical efficacy of food ingredients intended for use in meat or poultry products. While FSIS maintains its own list of approved substances separate from that maintained by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FSIS seeks guidance and concurrence from FDA on ingredient approvals. Several trends have spurred the creativity in ingredient use, viz., globalization, labeling reform, a "marketing quality" concept, and industry and consumer concerns for safe, healthy ingredients, all of which translates to safe and healthy foods. The trend for safe and healthy foods is seen in the increased interest in the use of preservatives, particularly antimicrobial agents. To date, only a limited number of antimicrobial substances have been approved for direct use in meat and poultry products. However, there is a growing interest in antibacterial substances produced by certain strains of bacteria, e.g., nisin, a bacteriocin, for use in meat and poultry products. The use and application of these ingredients will require an integrated review by both FSIS and FDA before applications to meat and poultry are possible. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Post, R C AD - Food Standards and Ingredients Branch, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 200 C Street, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 78 EP - 81 VL - sup SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - food preservation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - government policy KW - antimicrobial agents KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Regulatory+perspective+of+the+USDA+on+the+use+of+antimicrobials+and+inhibitors+in+foods&rft.au=Post%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=sup&rft.issue=&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensory evaluation and composition of tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) fed diets containing protein-rich ethanol by-products from corn AN - 15792064; 3994481 AB - Fish rations containing 16 to 29% of corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, or corn distillers' grains with solubles and a control commercial feed were fed to tilapia. A trained, 10-member sensory panel evaluated the flavor characteristics of harvested, cooked tilapia fillets. The intensities of flavor characteristics of cooked fillets from tilapia raised on pellets containing 16% of corn gluten meal or corn gluten feed, as well as 19% of corn distillers' grains with solubles, were not significantly different than fish fed commercial fish feed. In general, the commercial feed resulted in similar protein and ash contents but higher total fat in the fillets compared with those containing ethanol by-products. JF - Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology AU - Wu, Y V AU - Warner, K AU - Rosati, R AU - Sessa, D J AU - Brown, P AD - Biopolymer Res. and Food Quality and Safety Res. Units, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, ARS, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 16 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8850, 1049-8850 KW - body conditions KW - feed composition KW - fish culture KW - fish fillets KW - odour KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Chemoreception Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fishery products KW - diets KW - Freshwater KW - proteins KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - organoleptic properties KW - R 18123:Sensory evaluation of food KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15792064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Food+Product+Technology&rft.atitle=Sensory+evaluation+and+composition+of+tilapia+%28Oreochromus+niloticus%29+fed+diets+containing+protein-rich+ethanol+by-products+from+corn&rft.au=Wu%2C+Y+V%3BWarner%2C+K%3BRosati%2C+R%3BSessa%2C+D+J%3BBrown%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Food+Product+Technology&rft.issn=10498850&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - body conditions; fish fillets; fishery products; fish culture; diets; feed composition; proteins; odour; organoleptic properties; Oreochromis niloticus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest canopy-atmosphere interactions AN - 15787065; 3990988 AB - Exchanges of materials (gases, nutrients, water, pollutants, and energy) between forest canopies and the atmosphere drive important ecosystem processes and influence many meteorological phenomena. Trees must exchange water, carbon dioxide, and energy with the atmosphere to survive. As new instruments and quantitative tools emerge for measuring forest and atmospheric conditions, the complexities of canopy-atmosphere interactions can be more accurately understood and modeled. Improved knowledge of canopy-atmosphere interactions is becoming more important as human activities alter both the structure and function of forest canopies, as well as the chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere. The increased scientific focus on structural and functional attributes of forest canopies in recent years promises to yield new insights into the effects of human disturbance on environments in forest canopies and the atmosphere. Important topics for future research in canopy-atmosphere interactions include: (1) the influence of elevation, forest edge, and canopy roughness on atmospheric deposition of pollutants; (2) the dynamics of carbon sequestration in forest biomass in relation to forest management practices and other disturbances; (3) the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on forest functioning and atmospheric feedbacks; and (4) the functional changes in forest canopies associated with structural changes, and consequences for watershed hydrology and nutrient cycling. JF - Northwest Science AU - Rose, CL AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Research Stn., Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 14 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental factors KW - disturbance KW - atmosphere KW - gas exchange KW - canopies KW - D 04500:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15787065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Forest+canopy-atmosphere+interactions&rft.au=Rose%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; canopies; atmosphere; gas exchange; environmental factors; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Death and decay: A vital part of living canopies AN - 15786750; 3990986 AB - Wood decay is a significant ecological process affecting Northwest forest canopies. Standing dead trees (snags) and partially decayed living trees offer five primary functions in the forest canopy: they increase structural diversity, alter canopy microenvironment, promote biological diversity, provide critical habitat for wildlife, and act as storehouses for nutrient and organic matter recycling agents. In this paper we do not discuss traditional measurement of wood decay in the canopy as a silvicultural loss of standing timber, but review current literature of forest ecology and define wood of dying and dead trees as an important component of the aboveground ecosystem. JF - Northwest Science AU - Parks, C G AU - Shaw, D C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest. and Range Sci. Lab., Pacific Northwest Research Stn., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 46 EP - 53 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem dynamics KW - trees KW - canopies KW - decay KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15786750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Death+and+decay%3A+A+vital+part+of+living+canopies&rft.au=Parks%2C+C+G%3BShaw%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; decay; ecosystem dynamics; canopies; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of northwest forest canopies and arboreal mammals AN - 15780149; 3991011 AB - The interactions among Northwest forest canopies and the mammals that inhabit them have been poorly studied. My purpose was to identify interactions among arboreal mammals and canopies that have implications for managers seeking to conserve biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest. I constructed a comprehensive, but parsimonious list of canopy attributes that could be biologically important. I compiled a list of mammals that routinely enter the canopy and ranked them relative to arboreality. I identified which attributes might be important to each species and how the attributes might contribute to maintaining arboreal rodent communities. Forest canopies have 26 categories of attributes of 5 major types: context, seral stage, community type, canopy dimensions, and tree species character. At least 12 species of mammals (excluding bats) use forest canopies, but only 7 should be considered truly arboreal. All but one of the arboreal rodents are limited zoogeographically, or in local distribution, because of needs for specific habitat elements. Only one species, the red tree vole, is totally arboreal; thus, the composition and structure of the arboreal rodent community is conditioned by both canopy and noncanopy features of the forest. Of the canopy attributes, diversity of tree species and abundance of nontree organisms, including lichens, mosses, and rot-inducing fungi, seem especially important to arboreal rodents. Diversity of tree species provides a variety of food (foliage, seed, fruit, nuts, and truffles and mushrooms of fungi symbiotic with the trees). Rot-inducing (and pathogenic) fungi provide cavities for leaf-lichen-moss nests and platforms for lichen-moss-twig nests. Lichens also serve as food. JF - Northwest Science AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9190, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 72 EP - 79 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - North America, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem dynamics KW - Mammalia KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+northwest+forest+canopies+and+arboreal+mammals&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; forests; canopies; ecosystem dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The differential effects of cell wall-associated phenolics, cell walls, and cytosolic phenolics of host and non-host roots on the growth of two species of AM fungi AN - 15779469; 3982667 AB - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that cellular compounds, especially wall-associated compounds, released during emergence of secondary roots, stimulate the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Purified cell walls, crude cell-wall extracts, crude cytoplasmic extracts, and phenolic compounds previously identified as cell wall-associated, from Ri T-DNA-transformed roots of host (Daucus carota L.) and non-host (Beta vulgaris L.) were incorporated into growth medium and tested for their effects upon growth of the AM fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe and Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall. Purified cell walls of both plants had little effect on G. gigantea but non-host cell walls inhibited the growth of G. margarita. Ferulic acid, a major constituent of non-host root, depressed the growth of both fungi. Nothing tested which was unique to the non-host root affected hyphal growth to the point that contact would be prohibited. Caffeic acid, found in D. carota cytoplasm, also depressed growth of both fungi. Para-hydroxybenzoic acid, a constituent of D. carota roots, stimulated growth of G. margarita hyphae, but did not affect hyphal growth of G. gigantea. Vanillic acid, unique to D. carota root cell-wall extracts, stimulated hyphal growth and branching of both fungi, and should increase the probability of contact between fungus and host root. JF - New Phytologist AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Abney, G D AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 289 EP - 294 VL - 133 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - phenolics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - roots KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Gigaspora gigantea KW - cell walls KW - Daucus carota KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - hosts KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=The+differential+effects+of+cell+wall-associated+phenolics%2C+cell+walls%2C+and+cytosolic+phenolics+of+host+and+non-host+roots+on+the+growth+of+two+species+of+AM+fungi&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BNagahashi%2C+G%3BAbney%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; Gigaspora gigantea; Daucus carota; Beta vulgaris; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; roots; hosts; cell walls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by a sclerotium-producing Aspergillus tamarii strain AN - 15778673; 3982649 AB - The production of aflatoxins B sub(1) and B sub(2)by Aspergillus tamarii (subgenus Circumdati section Flavi) is reported for the first time. The fungus was isolated from soil collected from a tea (Camellia sinensis) field in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Three single-spore cultures, NRRL 25517, NRRL 25518, and NRRL 25519, were derived from subcultures of the original isolate 19 (MZ2). Each of these single-spore cultures of A. tamarii produced aflatoxins B sub(1) and B sub(2) and cyclopiazonic acid, as well as black, pear-shaped sclerotia. The demonstration of aflatoxin production by A. tamarii is examined in connection with A. tamarii phylogenetic relationships, chemical ecology, and potential use in food fermentations. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Goto, T AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Ito, Y AD - Mycotoxin Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4036 EP - 4038 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus tamarii KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+and+cyclopiazonic+acid+production+by+a+sclerotium-producing+Aspergillus+tamarii+strain&rft.au=Goto%2C+T%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BIto%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Goto&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus tamarii; aflatoxins; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative study of phenolic acids associated with cell walls and cytoplasmic extracts of host and non-host roots for AM fungi AN - 15778596; 3982668 AB - Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a ubiquitous host for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whereas sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) are a non-host. Root cultures were used to compare the constitutive phenolic compounds associated with the cell wall or present in the cytoplasm of the host and non-host. Phenolic acids were released from purified cell walls by alkaline hydrolysis and were separated and identified by HPLC, TLC and u.v. absorption spectra analyses. Two phenolic acids unique to carrot root cell walls were identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) and vanillic acid. Sugar beet root cell walls had ferulic acid as major constituent and contained several unique phenyl propanoids which were not identified. Caffeic acid was found only in the cytoplasm of carrot roots and was present in the conjugated form (chlorogenic acid). The sugar beet cytoplasm also contained several unidentified hydroxycinnamic acid-type phenolics which were not found in carrot roots. JF - New Phytologist AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Abney, G D AU - Doner, L W AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 281 EP - 288 VL - 133 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - phenolic acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Beta vulgaris KW - cytoplasm KW - cell walls KW - Daucus carota KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+phenolic+acids+associated+with+cell+walls+and+cytoplasmic+extracts+of+host+and+non-host+roots+for+AM+fungi&rft.au=Nagahashi%2C+G%3BAbney%2C+G+D%3BDoner%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Nagahashi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Daucus carota; Beta vulgaris; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; cell walls; cytoplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amended data on arginine utilization by Spiroplasma species AN - 15778446; 3981983 AB - Hydrolysis of arginine is a classical diagnostic test for species in the mollicute order Entomoplasmatales. In this paper we report data for arginine utilization by spiroplasmas, as determined by standard methods. In addition, modified methods were developed for fastidious spiroplasmas, such as strain LD-1 super(T) (T = type strain), the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma. Twenty-one spiroplasma strains representing 13 groups or subgroups and eight ungrouped spiroplasmas (seven of which represent putative groups) were studied. The arginine reactions of eight strains were the same as the reactions reported previously, but previously reported positive tests for spiroplasma subgroups I-5 and I-6 (Spiroplasma insolitum) could not be repeated, and the data for the latter taxa are corrected. Although other workers have reported that addition of carbohydrate to media may be necessary for the utilization of arginine, the presence of glucose tended to obscure arginine hydrolysis in our studies. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Hackett, K J AU - Clark, E A AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Camp, M AU - Tully, J G AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., ARS, USDA, Rm. 214, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 912 EP - 915 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - arginine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Spiroplasma KW - bioassays KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Amended+data+on+arginine+utilization+by+Spiroplasma+species&rft.au=Hackett%2C+K+J%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F%3BCamp%2C+M%3BTully%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; bioassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the forest canopy by bats AN - 15777835; 3991000 AB - Of the 15 species of bats in the Pacific Northwest, 11 are known to make regular use of the forest canopy for roosting, foraging, and reproduction. This paper reviews roosting requirements, foraging, and the importance of landscape-scale factors to canopy-using species in the Northwest. Many northwest bats use several different types of tree roosts. Common roosting sites are in cavities, crevices, and foliage. Factors that may be important in roost site selection include microclimate, roost structure, crown architecture, canopy tree age and species, bark characteristics, foliage density, and stand and landscape composition. Some representative Pacific Northwest cavity- and crevice/bark-roosting species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and long-legged bat (M. volans). Only two Pacific Northwest species are known to roost in foliage. Several species forage in forest gaps, along forest edges, or in riparian areas. Long-eared (M. evotis) and Keen's (M. keenii) bats may forage within the forest canopy, although foraging behavior of these species in the Pacific Northwest is not well documented. Stand- and landscape-scale complexity may be important in providing bats with the abundance and diversity of roost, foraging, and hibernation sites they require. JF - Northwest Science AU - Wunder, L AU - Carey, AB AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 79 EP - 85 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - North America, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - Chiroptera KW - habitat utilization KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+forest+canopy+by+bats&rft.au=Wunder%2C+L%3BCarey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Wunder&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chiroptera; habitat utilization; species composition; forests; canopies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, purification, and characterization of a highly glucose-tolerant novel beta -glucosidase from Candida peltata AN - 15777684; 3978812 AB - Candida peltata (NRRL Y-6888) produced beta -glucosidase when grown in liquid culture on various substrates (glucose, xylose, L-arabinose, cellobiose, sucrose, and maltose). An extracellular beta -glucosidase was purified 1,800-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of the yeast grown on glucose by salting out with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose, Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel filtration, and cellobiose-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. It was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50 degree C and had a specific activity of 108 mu mol / min / mg of protein super(-1) against p-nitrophenyl- beta -D-glucoside (pNP beta G). The purified beta -glucosidase readily hydrolyzed pNP beta G, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose, with K sub(m) values of 2.3, 66, 39, 35, 21, and 18 mM, respectively. The enzyme was highly tolerant to glucose inhibition, with a K sub(i) of 1.4 M (252 mg/ml). Substrate inhibition was not observed with 40 mM pNP beta G or 15% cellobiose. The enzyme did not require divalent cations for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). Ethanol at an optimal concentration (0.75%, vol/vol) stimulated the initial enzyme activity by only 11%. Cellobiose (10%, wt/vol) was almost completely hydrolyzed to glucose by the purified beta -glucosidase (1.5 U/ml) in both the absence and presence of glucose (6%). Glucose production was enhanced by 8.3% when microcrystalline cellulose (2%, wt/vol) was treated for 24 h with a commercial cellulase preparation (cellulase, 5 U/ml; beta -glucosidase, 0.45 U/ml) that was supplemented with purified beta -glucosidase (0.4 U/ml). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3165 EP - 3170 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Candida peltata KW - beta -glucosidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - glucose tolerance KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production%2C+purification%2C+and+characterization+of+a+highly+glucose-tolerant+novel+beta+-glucosidase+from+Candida+peltata&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - glucose tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium species AN - 15777670; 3982648 AB - Fusaric acid is a mycotoxin with low to moderate toxicity, which is of concern since it might be synergistic with other cooccurring mycotoxins. Fusaric acid is widespread on corn and corn-based food and feeds and is frequently found in grain, where Fusarium spp. are also isolated. We surveyed 78 strains of Fusarium moniliforme, F. crookwellense, F. subglutinans, F. sambucinum, F. napiforme, F. heterosporum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. proliferatum for their ability to produce fusaric acid. Strains in Fusarium section Liseola also were assigned to mating population of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. The fungi could be divided into three classes, low (500 mu g/g), based on the amounts of this mycotoxin produced in culture on autoclaved corn. Strains of mating populations C from rice consistently produced moderate to high concentrations of fusaric acid. Two isolates, one each from mating populations C and D, produced fusaric acid in excess of 1,000 mu g/g of corn. No isolates of any of the Fusarium species examined were negative for the production of fusaric acid on autoclaved corn. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bacon, C W AU - Porter, J K AU - Norred, W P AU - Leslie, J F AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4039 EP - 4043 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fusaric acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - grain KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+fusaric+acid+by+Fusarium+species&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BPorter%2C+J+K%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BLeslie%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; mycotoxins; grain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean lipoxygenase-promoted oxidation of free and esterified linoleic acid in the presence of deoxycholate AN - 15777302; 245505 AB - Recent work showed that soybean lipoxygenase 1 can oxidize diacylglycerols when deoxycholate is present in the reaction medium. In this paper, competition experiments in which mixtures of the substrates are presented simultaneously to lipoxygenase in the presence of deoxycholate shows that linoleic acid is the most reactive substrate. When no surfactant is present or when the surfactant is Tween 20, linoleic acid is the most rapidly oxidized substrate. Overall, the results demonstrate that monolinolein and methyl linoleate are just as reactive, or more so, as linoleic acid to oxidation by lipoxygenase under specified reaction conditions. In competition experiments, linoleic acid oxidation predominates, probably because its free carboxyl functionality allows it to be preferentially bound to the active site of lipoxygenase. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Piazza, George J AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Nunez, Alberto AD - USDA, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1045 EP - 1049 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 8 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Deoxycholate KW - Diacylglycerols KW - Hydroperoxide KW - Linoleate KW - Linoleic acid KW - Lipoxygenase KW - Monoacylglycerol KW - Peroxides KW - Sodium chloride KW - Soybean lipoxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oxidation KW - Substrates KW - Enzymes KW - pH KW - Catalysis KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Soybean+lipoxygenase-promoted+oxidation+of+free+and+esterified+linoleic+acid+in+the+presence+of+deoxycholate&rft.au=Piazza%2C+George+J%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BNunez%2C+Alberto&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxidation; Substrates; Enzymes; pH; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overstory mortality as an indicator of forest health in California AN - 15774771; 245700 AB - The interagency Forest Health Monitoring Program involves a network of about 4200 forest plots on a triangular grid across the United States. We present data on recent mortality of trees greater than or equal to 27.9 cm diameter from the first three years of measurements in California (1992-1994). Three plot designs were used to collect data representative of a 1-ha stand at each site; the designs differed primarily in total area sampled (0.067, 0.4 and 1.0 ha). Approximately 50 sites were visited each year yielding a total of about 150. Field tallies showed few cases of recent mortality in the smallest plot size. Cumulative distribution functions of recent dead tree densities in the 0.067-ha plots differed significantly from those generated by tallies from entire 1-ha stands. We conclude that an area of 0.067 ha is unsuitable to assess and monitor overstory mortality in Pacific Coast forests. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Busing, R T AU - Liegel, L H AU - Labau, V J AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 285 EP - 295 PB - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DORDRECHT, (NETHERLANDS) VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Climate change KW - Environmental testing KW - Forest health KW - Forest preservation KW - Plants (botany) KW - Tree mortality KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Sampling KW - W4 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - W4 454:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - W4 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15774771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Overstory+mortality+as+an+indicator+of+forest+health+in+California&rft.au=Busing%2C+R+T%3BLiegel%2C+L+H%3BLabau%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Busing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic transformation through the use of hyperhydric tobacco meristems AN - 15772566; 3980872 AB - Exposed shoot meristems from normal and hyperhydric (vitrified) tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, were bombarded with gold particles either coated with plasmid DNA containing neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII), rolC and beta -glucuronidase (GUS) genes (plasmid pGA-GUSGFrolC) or left uncoated. Meristems bombarded with uncoated particles were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring the binary vector pGA-GUSGFrolC. Whole-plant transformants were produced from 4 of 40 hyperhydric meristems bombarded with uncoated particles followed by co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens. One transgenic plant was obtained from 40 normal, non-hyperhydric meristems treated. Transformation was verified by growth on kanamycin-containing medium, GUS assays, PCR, and Southern analysis. The plants tested through Southern analysis appeared to have 2 or more copies of the transgene insert. Seeds obtained from self-pollination of these transgenic plants segregated 3:1 or 15:1 (kanamycin resistant:sensitive) when germinated on medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin, indicating transfer of foreign genes through the sexual cycle. Whole-plant transformants were not produced from 50 normal tobacco meristems bombarded with plasmid-coated gold particles and not exposed to engineered A. tumefaciens, but 1 plant of 60 bombarded hyperhydric meristems produced transgenic roots, the result of a chimera. We suggest that hyperhydric meristems are more readily transformed. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Zimmerman, T W AU - Scorza, R AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 73 EP - 80 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - neomycin phosphotransferase KW - rolC gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - plasmids KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - transformation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15772566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Genetic+transformation+through+the+use+of+hyperhydric+tobacco+meristems&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+T+W%3BScorza%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plasmids; transformation; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nidification of thirteen common Argentine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) AN - 15772124; 3981730 AB - Paracoprid scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) dig tunnels under or near various animals droppings, portions of which the beetles store to feed on or use to build nests for their larvae. These nests have been classified into 3 main patterns, based mainly on the structure of the nest, egg cell, and the existence of parental care. Pattern I nests are simple accumulations of feces at the end of a burrow, known as brood masses, with 1 or several eggs in individual cells built into the dung. Pattern II nests consist of spheroidal or pear-shaped food provisions plastered with a layer of soil (brood balls) loose in a subterranean chamber. Pattern III nests have several brood balls in one large chamber and receive parental care. The construction process of the brood masses and brood balls of 13 species of laboratory reared paracoprids from Argentina was studied by analyzing different stages of their construction. The species Dichotomius anaglypticus (Mannerheim), D. haroldi (Waterhouse), D. micans (Luederwaldt), D. semiaeneus (Germar), Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim, Oruscatus davus (Erichson), and Gromphas lacordairei Brulle belong to the pattern I; Sulcophanaeus batesi (Harold), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), S. imperator (Chevrolat), Bolbites onitoides Harold, Ontherus sulcator (F.), and O. appendiculatus (Mannerheim) to pattern II. The last pattern, which includes the Phanaeina, some Dichotomina (both subtribes of Coprini), and the Old World Catharsius, entails at least 4 different construction processes. Most brood masses and balls studied in this work are described for the first time. The building of spheroidal brood balls loose in a chamber could have evolved at least four times from the primitive brood masses, through four different convergent processes. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Walsh, G C AU - Gandolfo, D AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., Agric. Counselor American Res. Serv. Lab., USDA-ARS, U.S. Embassy-Buenos Aires, Unit 4325, APO AA 34034-0001, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 581 EP - 588 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Argentina KW - Scarabaeidae KW - nesting behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15772124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Nidification+of+thirteen+common+Argentine+dung+beetles+%28Scarabaeidae%3A+Scarabaeinae%29&rft.au=Walsh%2C+G+C%3BGandolfo%2C+D&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scarabaeidae; Coleoptera; Argentina; nesting behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk analysis and its application in FSIS AN - 15769826; 3985958 AB - Risk analysis has become a well established field in the United States during the past two decades; it is used very effectively in several application areas to assess and manage risk. Advances in the application of risk analysis to a wider range of hazards, including biological hazards, and scenarios are now occurring. Definitions of risk analysis terms (including risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication) have been developed along with the rationale, purpose, and need for risk analysis in regulation. Generic principles and applications are presented. A risk analysis program for foodborne hazards is being developed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A food risk analysis program for meat and poultry is being designed and some potential projects for risk assessment have been selected. All types of foodborne hazards (biological chemical, and physical) will be addressed in the new program. A general overview of risk assessment procedures and the organizational structure for the program are presented. National and international food risk analysis activities by the FSIS are summarized. The Agency expects the new risk analysis program to facilitate the regulation of FSIS-inspected food products. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kindred, T P AD - Sci. and Technol. Program, Food Saf. and Inspect. Serv., USDA, 300 12th St., SW, Rm 305, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 30 VL - suppl. SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - food quality KW - government policy KW - microbial contamination KW - government policies KW - Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - hazards KW - USA KW - risk assessment KW - contamination KW - microorganisms KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15769826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Risk+analysis+and+its+application+in+FSIS&rft.au=Kindred%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Kindred&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=suppl.&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; risk assessment; microorganisms; contamination; microbial contamination; hazards; government policies; food quality; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibodies for detection of the H7 antigen of Escherichia coli AN - 15769511; 3982101 AB - Two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (2B7 and 46E9-9) reactive with the H7 flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli were produced and characterized. A total of 217 E. coli strains (48 O157:H7, 4 O157:NM, 23 O157:non-H7, 22 H7:non-O157, and 120 non-O157:non-H7), 17 Salmonella serovars, and 29 other gram-negative bacteria were used to evaluate the reactivities of the two MAbs by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both MAbs reacted strongly with all E. coli strains possessing the H7 antigen and with H23- and H24-positive E. coli strains. Indirect ELISA MAb specificity was confirmed by inhibition ELISA and by Western blotting (immunoblotting), using partially purified flagellins from E. coli O157:H7 and other E. coli strains. On a Western blot, MAb 46E9-9 was more reactive against H7 flagellin of E. coli O157:H7 than against H7 flagellin of E. coli O1:K1:H7. Competition ELISA suggested that MAbs 2B7 and 46E9-9 reacted with closely related H7 epitopes. When the ELISA reactivities of the MAbs and two commercially available polyclonal anti-H7 antisera were compared, both polyclonal antisera and MAbs reacted strongly with E. coli H7 bacteria. However, the polyclonal antisera cross-reacted strongly both with non-H7 E. coli and with many non-E. coli bacteria. The polyclonal antisera also reacted strongly with H23 and H24 E. coli isolates. The data suggest the need to define serotype-specific epitopes among H7, H23, and H24 E. coli flagella. The anti-H7 MAbs described in this report have the potential to serve as high-quality diagnostic reagents, used either alone or in combination with O157-specific MAbs, to identify or detect E. coli O157:H7 in food products or in human and veterinary clinical specimens. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - He, Yongsheng AU - Keen, JE AU - Westerman, R B AU - Littledike, E T AU - Kwang, J AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3325 EP - 3332 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - H7 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15769511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibodies+for+detection+of+the+H7+antigen+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=He%2C+Yongsheng%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BWesterman%2C+R+B%3BLittledike%2C+E+T%3BKwang%2C+J&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Yongsheng&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; monoclonal antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bromide and nitrogen-15 tracers of nitrate leaching under irrigated corn in central Nebraska AN - 15768001; 3985637 AB - Nitrate leaching from agricultural fields into groundwater has caused environmental and health concerns. A study was conducted during 1992-1993 in the Central Platte Valley of Nebraska to assess the nitrate leaching potential under recommended center-pivot irrigation and fertilizer best management practices for continuous corn (Zea mays L.). At time of planting corn, potassium bromide (KBr) and double-labeled super(15)N ammonium nitrate (10 atom% super(15)NH sub(4) super(15)NO sub(3)) tracers were applied at rates of 200 kg Br ha super(-1) and 30 kg N ha super(-1) to four 6.1 by 3.7 m plots that were representative of major soil types on the 32.1-ha field. Soil and plants sampled 7 wk after planting and at harvest in 1992, and in the spring of 1993, were analyzed for Br and N content and a mass balance was determined. At corn harvest, 41% (81.9 kg ha super(-1)) of the applied Br loss from the top 1.2 m of soil was attributed to leaching. Also, 54% (16.2 kg ha super(-1)) of the N tracer applied was lost from the system; 41% (12.3 kg ha super(-1)) through leaching; and 13% (3.9 kg ha super(-1)) through denitrification and volatilization. By time of planting in the spring of 1993, 70% (139.3 kg ha super(-1)) of the applied Br and 46% (13.8 kg ha super(-1)) of the fertilizer N leached below 1.2 m. High negative correlations were found between soil clay and silt contents, and Br or NO sub(3) leaching. Despite use of best management practices for irrigation water and N applications, large amounts of nitrate can be lost through leaching under irrigated corn in this subhumid climate on fine- to medium-textured soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kessavalou, A AU - Doran, J W AU - Powers, W L AU - Kettler, T A AU - Qian, J H AD - USDA-ARS, 116 Keim Hall, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1008 EP - 1014 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Nebraska, Central Platte Valley KW - corn KW - bromides KW - radioactive tracers KW - agricultural practices KW - irrigation practices KW - agricultural pollution KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - irrigation KW - nitrogen KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15768001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Bromide+and+nitrogen-15+tracers+of+nitrate+leaching+under+irrigated+corn+in+central+Nebraska&rft.au=Kessavalou%2C+A%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BPowers%2C+W+L%3BKettler%2C+T+A%3BQian%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Kessavalou&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - corn; nitrates; leaching; bromides; nitrogen; radioactive tracers; agricultural practices; fertilizers; irrigation practices; irrigation; groundwater pollution; agricultural pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved cultivation systems for isolation of the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma AN - 15764016; 3981693 AB - In North America, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is often infected with the host-specific, gut-inhabiting Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS). CPBS is apparently a commensal, but it may be useful in biocontrol if it can be transformed to express an insect-lethal gene. Difficulty in cultivating the organism, however, has hindered the development of a suitable transformation system. In this study, we eliminated the need for coculturing CPBS with insect cells. CPBS was reliably isolated with the BBL Anaerobic GasPak Jar system (low redox, enhanced CO sub(2)), which was easier to use and less expensive than insect cell coculture methods. A further advantage is a reduction in contaminating insect cell components. Use of anaerobiosis should facilitate early-passage screening of isolates for extrachromosomal elements, for use in gene vector constructs. The unique spiral (decreasing amplitude of coils) morphology of CPBS was preserved by anaerobiosis. The use of low-pH (6.0 to 6.5) media allowed aerobic adaptation of CPBS to M1D and SP-4 broth media. These formulations permitted the first cultivation of CPBS on solid media, an accomplishment that will simplify the selection of molecular transformants. Potato beetles collected at four sites in Poland yielded CPBS strains similar to those previously obtained from populations in North America. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Konai, M AU - Hackett, K J AU - Williamson, D L AU - Lipa, J J AU - Pollack, J D AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Clark, E A AU - Vacek, D C AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA ARS, Rm. 214, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3453 EP - 3458 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - media (isolation) KW - spiroplasma KW - biological control KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - anaerobic conditions KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15764016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Improved+cultivation+systems+for+isolation+of+the+Colorado+potato+beetle+spiroplasma&rft.au=Konai%2C+M%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L%3BLipa%2C+J+J%3BPollack%2C+J+D%3BGasparich%2C+GE%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BVacek%2C+D+C%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Konai&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - media (isolation); biological control; anaerobic conditions; spiroplasma; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses and resistance to brucellosis in mice vaccinated orally with Brucella abortus RB51 AN - 15762890; 3980938 AB - Immune responses and resistance to infection with Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) were measured in mice following oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination with strain RB51 (SRB51). Bacteria persisted in the parotid lymph node for 4 weeks following oral vaccination of mice with 5 x 10 super(8) or 5 x 10 super(6) CFU of SRB51. Bacteria did not appear in the spleen during 12 weeks after oral vaccination, whereas they did appear in the spleen for 8 weeks following i.p. vaccination of mice with SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) or 5 x 10 super(6) CFU). Increased resistance to S2308 infection occurred at 12 to 20 weeks in mice vaccinated i.p. with SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) or 5 x 10 super(6) CFU) but occurred at 12 weeks only in mice vaccinated orally with SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) CFU). Oral SRB51 vaccination induced lower levels of antibodies to the surface antigens of intact SRB51 bacteria than did i.p. vaccination. However, neither route of vaccination induced anamnestic antibody responses to the surface antigens of intact S2308 bacteria after challenge infection of the vaccinated mice with S2308. Mice vaccinated orally with SRB51 and challenged with S2308 at 12 to 20 weeks had lower and less persistent spleen cell proliferation and production of gamma interferon in response to S2308 and certain immunodominant S2308 proteins (32 to less than or equal to 18 kDa) than did mice vaccinated i.p. with SRB51. However, mice vaccinated orally or i.p. with SRB51 and challenged with S2308 had similar spleen cell tumor necrosis factor alpha production. These results indicate that oral vaccination of mice with SRB51 was effective in inducing protective immunity to S2308 infection, although the immunity was lower and less persistent than that induced by i.p. vaccination. The lower protective immunity induced by oral vaccination may have resulted from lower and less persistent cell-mediated immunity and gamma interferon production in response to S2308 and S2308 proteins. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Palmer, M V AU - Pugh, GW Jr AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4534 EP - 4541 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15762890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+and+resistance+to+brucellosis+in+mice+vaccinated+orally+with+Brucella+abortus+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; immune response; vaccination; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of metribuzin and metabolites in two subarctic soils AN - 15761881; 3985603 AB - Persistence and leaching of super(14)C-metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethyl)- 3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] and metabolites were determined in Tanana (loamy, mixed, nonacid Pergelic Cryaquept) and Beales (sandy, mixed Typic Cryochrept) silt loam soils under irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and dryland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) conditions in the subarctic. Overall, dissipation of total super(14)C (metribuzin and metabolites) was significantly slower (P > 0.05) in Tanana than Beales soil over the first 105 d, but by 468 d, the super(14)C remaining (51% of applied) did not differ (0.05 < P) between soils. Initial degradation of metribuzin was rapid in both soils but was not significantly different between soils (0.05 < P). At 35 d after application 24% of applied metribuzin remained. At the end of the study (468 d), 5.0% of the applied metribuzin was still present. Unextractable residues accounted for the greatest amount of super(14)C remaining in the soils. Of the extractable metabolites, greater amounts of desaminometribuzin were found in both soils than diketometribuzin or desaminodiketometribuzin. More water moved through the irrigated than nonirrigated soil as evidenced by bromide movement. Also, more super(14)C moved to 15 to 22.5 cm depth in the irrigated than in the nonirrigated soil, but <1% of applied super(14)C was detected below 22.5 cm for both soils and irrigation treatments. Rapid metribuzin degradation in combination with sorption processes minimized leaching of total metribuzin residues through these subarctic surface soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Conn, J S AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Werdin, N R AU - Graham, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1048 EP - 1053 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - degradation KW - subarctic zone KW - soil temperature KW - latitudinal studies KW - soil analysis KW - fate of pollutants KW - pollutant persistence KW - soil KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - temperature KW - USA, Alaska KW - herbicides KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15761881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+metribuzin+and+metabolites+in+two+subarctic+soils&rft.au=Conn%2C+J+S%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BWerdin%2C+N+R%3BGraham%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Conn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; degradation; metabolites; leaching; subarctic zone; soil temperature; latitudinal studies; soil analysis; fate of pollutants; temperature; USA, Alaska; pollutant persistence; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: Impacts on nitrate leaching, soil water, crop yield, pests and management costs AN - 15760876; 3979432 AB - Plant-soil relationships in the surface soil layer affect other processes in agroecosystems, including crop productivity, nitrate leaching and plant-pest interactions. This study investigated the effect of altering surface soil dynamics, using a winter cover crop rotation, on biotic and abiotic characteristics of the soil profile. Two cover crop treatments, phacelia and Merced rye (Phacelia tanacetifolia cv. `Phaci', and Secale cereale cv. `Merced'), with a fallow control, were planted in November after harvest of a broccoli crop on a commercial farm site, and were incorporated using reduced tillage techniques the following March. Changes in plant and soil N pools throughout the profile were described, emphasizing nitrate (NO super(-) sub(3)-N) leaching during winter, and N availability during the subsequent broccoli crop. Changes in other aspects of the ecosystem, such as plant-pest interactions and plant disease incidence, were monitored after cover crop incorporation. The on-farm economic costs of cover cropping were calculated. There was a 65-70% reduction in nitrate leaching from the cover-cropped plots compared with the fallow control during winter, because plant roots in the surface soil removed N and water that would have otherwise been lost from the profile. Incorporation caused sudden large surges in inorganic N pools, net mineralizable N, and microbial biomass N and C in the surface soil, which subsided within 6 weeks, by the time the broccoli crop was planted, but which did result in increased yield at harvest in the phacelia cover-cropped treatment. No insect or disease problems which threatened the cash crops were introduced or increased as a result of the cover crops. The economic analysis indicated that the costs of cover cropping were minor compared with conventional winter management of fallowed fields, and compared with the cost of producing broccoli. The cover crops therefore provided a clear advantage during winter by significantly reducing nitrate leaching, but the effects of one cover crop rotation on subsequent nutrient dynamics in the surface soil were mostly short-lived and possibly masked by large fertilizer applications. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Wyland, L J AU - Jackson, LE AU - Chaney, W E AU - Klonsky, K AU - Koike, ST AU - Kimple, B AD - Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA c/o USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - 59 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - winter KW - soil moisture KW - pests KW - nitrates KW - soil water KW - crop yield KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - yield KW - cover crops KW - costs KW - leaching KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15760876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Winter+cover+crops+in+a+vegetable+cropping+system%3A+Impacts+on+nitrate+leaching%2C+soil+water%2C+crop+yield%2C+pests+and+management+costs&rft.au=Wyland%2C+L+J%3BJackson%2C+LE%3BChaney%2C+W+E%3BKlonsky%2C+K%3BKoike%2C+ST%3BKimple%2C+B&rft.aulast=Wyland&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cover crops; nitrates; yield; agricultural practices; soil water; crop yield; leaching; costs; winter; soil moisture; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigation alternatives to decrease nitrous oxides emissions and urea-nitrogen loss and their effect on methane flux AN - 15759827; 3985608 AB - Nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and methane (CH sub(4)) are greenhouse gases that are contributing to global warming potential. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important sources of anthropogenic N sub(2)O emissions. A field study was conducted to compare N-use efficiency and effect on N sub(2)O and CH sub(4) flux, of urea, urea plus the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (U + DCD), and a control release fertilizer, polyolefin coated urea (POCU) in irrigated spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northeastern Colorado. Each treatment received 90 kg urea-N ha super(-1) and microplots labeled with super(15)N-fertilizer were established. Average N sub(2)O emissions were 4.5, 5.2, 6.9, and 8.2 g N ha super(-1) d super(-1) for control, U + DCD, POCU, and urea, respectively. During the initial 21 d after fertilization, N sub(2)O emissions were reduced by 82 and 71% in the U + DCD and POCU treatments, respectively, but continued release of N fertilizer from POCU maintained higher N sub(2)O emissions through the remainder of the growing season. No treatment effect on CH sub(4) oxidation in soils was observed. Fertilizer super(15)N found 50 to 110 cm below the soil surface was lower in the POCU and U + DCD treatments. At harvest, recovery of super(15)N-fertilizer in the plant-soil system was 98, 90, and 85% from POCU, urea, and U + DCD, respectively. Grain yield was 2.2, 2.5, and 2.7 Mg ha super(-1) for POCU, urea, and U + DCD, respectively. Dicyandiamide and POCU showed the potential to be used as mitigation alternatives to decrease N sub(2)O emissions from N fertilizer and movement of N out of the root zone, but N release from POCU does need to be formulated to better match crop growth demands. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Delgado, JA AU - Mosier, A R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1105 EP - 1111 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Colorado, Northeastern KW - field tests KW - barley KW - ureas KW - fluctuations KW - crop production KW - USA, Colorado, Northeast KW - greenhouse effect KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - nitrogen compounds KW - methane KW - agriculture KW - global warming KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15759827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Mitigation+alternatives+to+decrease+nitrous+oxides+emissions+and+urea-nitrogen+loss+and+their+effect+on+methane+flux&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA%3BMosier%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen compounds; global warming; field tests; barley; ureas; fertilizers; methane; fluctuations; crop production; agriculture; greenhouse effect ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of adult nutrition and oviposition experience on longevity and attainment of full fecundity of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) AN - 15758636; 3981433 AB - The effect of different concentrations of fructose and glucose on the longevity of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Burks) was tested. Parasitoid females feeding sugar concentrations of 30% had a significantly increased longevity compared with females feeding 50 and 70% sugar solutions. Host-feeding on boll weevil larvae did not significantly increase longevity. In the absence of a carbohydrate source, host-feeding was ineffective maintaining C. grandis alive for >2.5 d. Dissections showed that C. grandis is a synovigenic and autogenous parasitoid, but providing C. grandis females with diets supplemented with amino acids and boll weevil haemolymph did not increase ooegenesis. Females with oviposition experience, on the other hand, produced 4 times as many eggs as did inexperienced females regardless of the quality of the adult diet provided. However, adult nutrition was important for egg production after host contact. Catolaccus grandis females experienced in oviposition produced significantly more eggs when a supplemental diet was provided in the absence of host-feeding opportunities. Exposure of the parasitoids to encapsulated weevil larvae for at least 2 d before the field release is recommended. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - Rojas, M G AU - King, E G AD - Biol. Pest Control Res. Unit, Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 555 EP - 563 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - fecundity KW - nutrition KW - adults KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15758636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Significance+of+adult+nutrition+and+oviposition+experience+on+longevity+and+attainment+of+full+fecundity+of+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29&rft.au=Morales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BRojas%2C+M+G%3BKing%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Morales-Ramos&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catolaccus grandis; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; adults; nutrition; oviposition; longevity; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assuring microbial and textural stability of fermented cucumbers by pH adjustment and sodium benzoate addition AN - 15758281; 3975729 AB - Acidification of fermented cucumbers with HCl prevented utilization of lactic acid and resultant rise in brine pH (accompanied by formation of butyric, propionic and acetic acids, and n-propanol by spoilage bacteria) when they were stored at 0 or 4.4% NaCl. Firmness retention of the fermented cucumbers was reduced, however, if the brine pH were less than optimum pH 3.5, which assured microbial stability and acceptable firmness retention with 4.4% NaCl. At 0% salt, pH 3.0 insured microbial stability, but resulted in unacceptable firmness. Addition of 0.1% Na benzoate reduced the need to lower pH to assure microbial stability. Results indicated that pH control could be used to reduce the need for salt to insure stability of fermented cucumbers. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Fleming, H P AU - Thompson, R L AU - McFeeters, R F AD - USDA-ARS Food Fermentation Lab., and North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv., Dep. Food Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 832 EP - 836 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0033-1147, 0033-1147 KW - sodium benzoate KW - benzoic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - fermentation KW - pH KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15758281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Assuring+microbial+and+textural+stability+of+fermented+cucumbers+by+pH+adjustment+and+sodium+benzoate+addition&rft.au=Fleming%2C+H+P%3BThompson%2C+R+L%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00331147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactobacillus plantarum; Cucumis sativus; fermentation; pH; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of Bacillus thuringiensis spores to toxicity of purified Cry proteins towards Indianmeal moth larvae AN - 15757615; 3978938 AB - The influence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 spores upon the toxicity of purified Cry1 Ab and Cry1C crystal proteins toward susceptible and BT-resistant Indianmeal moth (IMM, Plodia interpunctella) larvae was investigated. With susceptible larvae, HD-1 spores were toxic in the absence of crystal protein and highly synergistic (approximately 35- to 50-fold) with either Cry1Ab or Cry1C protein. With BT-resistant IMM larvae, HD-1 spores were synergistic with Cry1Ab and Cry1C protein in all three resistant strains examined. Synergism was highest (approximately 25- to 44-fold) in insects with primary resistance toward Cry1C (IMM larvae with resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai or entomocidus). However, HD-1 spores also synergized either Cry1Ab or Cry1C toxicity toward larvae resistant to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki at a lower level (approximately five- to sixfold). With susceptible larvae, the presence of spores reduced the time of death when combined with each of the purified Cry proteins. Without spores, the speed of intoxication and eventual death for larvae treated with Cry1C and Cry1Ab proteins was much slower than for the HD-1 preparation containing both spores and crystals together. Neither spores nor toxin dose affected the mean time of death of resistant larvae treated with either Cry1Ab or Cry1C toxins. Both Cry1Ab and Cry1C toxins appeared to reduce feeding and consequently toxin consumption. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Johnson, DE AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 54 EP - 59 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Cry toxin KW - Bacillus thuringiensis entomocidus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - toxins KW - pathogenicity KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - Noctuidae KW - Spores KW - Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15757615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+spores+to+toxicity+of+purified+Cry+proteins+towards+Indianmeal+moth+larvae&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DE%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Plodia interpunctella; Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai; Noctuidae; Spores; toxins; biological control; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal analyses of citrus tristeza virus in eastern Spain AN - 15757385; 3978918 AB - Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was monitored for up to 14 years by monoclonal antibody probes via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in five orange and grapefruit orchards with symptomless trees in Valencia and Alicante provinces, Spain. Linear, exponential, logistic, or Gompertz nonlinear temporal models were selected as the most appropriate, depending on the phase of the epidemic during the assessment period and based on correlation of observed versus predicted values and examination of the patterns of residual error. Ordinary runs analysis for within-or across-row association of CTV-positive trees indicated that the disease status of immediately adjacent trees was unpredictable. The beta-binomial index of dispersion for different quadrat sizes indicated a tendency for aggregations of infected trees at quadrat sizes of 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 CTV-positive trees in some plots, which when viewed with ordinary runs suggested the possible presence of longer distance spatial relationships. Two-dimensional distance class (2DCLASS) analysis indicated a random spatial pattern of CTV incidence and general lack of association of infection among adjacent trees. Spatio-temporal distance class (STCLASS) analysis further indicated a lack of spatial dependency among adjacent CTV-positive trees over time. Significant edge effects detected by both 2DCLASS and STCLASS analyses suggested possible spread of CTV from inoculum originating outside the area of the individual plots. Semivariograms from spatio-temporal geostatistical analyses of four directions of orientation confirmed a lack of spatial dependency of infection among adjacent or nearby trees over time. These combined spatial and temporal analyses gave some insight into possible underlying processes of CTV spread and suggested CTV spread must be predominantly to trees farther away rather than to immediately adjacent trees. If a nonrandom spatial structure of CTV incidence does exist, it may well be of a complexity beyond the detection ability of the spatial analysis methods employed or perhaps on a scale that is larger than the dimensions of the plots studied. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Cambra, M AU - Moreno, P AU - Camarasa, E AU - Piquer, J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 45 EP - 55 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Spain KW - Aphididae KW - spatial distribution KW - orchards KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Citrus tristeza virus KW - Homoptera KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15757385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+analyses+of+citrus+tristeza+virus+in+eastern+Spain&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BCambra%2C+M%3BMoreno%2C+P%3BCamarasa%2C+E%3BPiquer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus tristeza virus; Aphis gossypii; Aphididae; Homoptera; Spain; spatial distribution; orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lettuce chlorosis virus - A new whitefly-transmitted closterovirus AN - 15755829; 3978937 AB - A previously undescribed virus disease of lettuce, sugarbeets, other crop and weed hosts was found in the southwest desert regions of U.S.A. Affected lettuce and sugarbeet hosts exhibited interveinal yellowing, stunting, rolling, and brittleness of affected leaves. Since 1990, yellowing symptoms on desert lettuce and sugarbeet were shown to be induced by a mixture of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) and this previously undescribed virus termed lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV). LCV is a closterovirus with flexuous, filamentous particles 800-850 nm long. The virus is transmitted efficiently by both Bemisia biotypes. LCV differs significantly from LIYV and other previously described viruses in host range (LCV does not infect the Cucurbitaceae), insect transmission, and serology. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Duffus, JE AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Wisler, G C AU - Li, R AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 591 EP - 596 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Aleprodidae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - USA, Southwest KW - Bemisia KW - lettuce chlorosis virus KW - USA, California KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - lettuce infectious yellows virus KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - disease transmission KW - closterovirus KW - Homoptera KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15755829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Lettuce+chlorosis+virus+-+A+new+whitefly-transmitted+closterovirus&rft.au=Duffus%2C+JE%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BWisler%2C+G+C%3BLi%2C+R&rft.aulast=Duffus&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lettuce chlorosis virus; Bemisia; closterovirus; lettuce infectious yellows virus; Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii; Homoptera; USA, Southwest; USA, California; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and stability of infection by double-stranded RNA genetic elements in Aspergillus section flavi and effects on aflatoxigenicity AN - 15754478; 3980047 AB - Ninety-two isolates belonging to Aspergillus sect. flavi were analyzed for double-stranded (ds) RNA via standard cellulose chromatography. Double-stranded RNA infection was detected in fungal isolates that had been in culture for long periods (5 of 26 were infected) and in those recently isolated (5 of 66 were infected). The number of dsRNA genetic elements differed among infected isolates and no two isolates contained identical dsRNAs on the basis of electrophoretic migration in agarose gels. Addition of micronutrients to culture media affected both the amount of dsRNA produced and the number of dsRNA genetic elements detected. Attempts to cure six fungal isolates of dsRNA by serial single conidial transfer, chlorate selection for nitrogen-metabolism mutants, and cycloheximide treatment, met with variable results. The frequency at which serial single condial transfer and nitrogen-metabolism mutant (nit) selection successfully cured six Aspergillus sect. flavi isolates varied from 11 to 100% and 0 to 100%, respectively. The cycloheximide treatment was effective at curing 40% of the dsRNA-infected isolates. Comparison of aflatoxin production prior to and after dsRNA curing indicated that infection by dsRNA did not influence aflatoxin production. However, aflatoxin production by two isolates (91-031B and 91-184G) was reduced by both single conidial transfer and induction of nit mutants. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadien de Botanique AU - Elias, K S AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, B011A, Room 304, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 716 EP - 725 VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Aspergillus flavi KW - mycovirus KW - cycloheximide KW - nit gene KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - RNA KW - double-stranded KW - aflatoxins KW - V 22170:Viral infections of fungi & lower plants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15754478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+stability+of+infection+by+double-stranded+RNA+genetic+elements+in+Aspergillus+section+flavi+and+effects+on+aflatoxigenicity&rft.au=Elias%2C+K+S%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Elias&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=716&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - double-stranded; RNA; aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and expression of a synthetic wheat storage protein gene AN - 15754410; 3977138 AB - A synthetic wheat high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin storage protein gene analog was constructed for expression in E. coli. This first synthetic HMW-glutenin gene and future modifications are intended to allow systematic dissection of the molecular basis of HMW-glutenin role in the visco-elastic properties critical for wheat product processing and utilization. The design of the gene included four features: different construction strategies for the separate assembly of major polypeptide domains, the inclusion of convenient restriction sites for modifications, use of a codon selection similar to E. coli highly expressed genes, and the ability to produce repetitive sequence domains of exact numbers of defined repeats. The complete synthetic HMW-glutenin construct was 1908bp, and contained 32 identical copies of one of the HMW-glutenin repetitive domain motifs. The gene expressed the novel HMW-glutenin protein to relatively high levels in bacterial cultures and the protein exhibited the known anomalous behavior of HMW-glutenins in SDS-PAGE. JF - Gene AU - Anderson, Olin D AU - Kuhl, Joseph C AU - Tam, Angie AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 58 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 174 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - glutenin KW - storage protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - genetic engineering KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Escherichia coli KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15754410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Construction+and+expression+of+a+synthetic+wheat+storage+protein+gene&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Olin+D%3BKuhl%2C+Joseph+C%3BTam%2C+Angie&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Olin&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; Triticum aestivum; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiplex PCR for rapid identification of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from foods AN - 15754224; 3979548 AB - For rapid and specific identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 isolated from food samples, experimental conditions for a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were optimized and a multiple digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled oligonucleotide probe hybridization (DLOPH) assay was developed. A suspect colony from MacConkey sorbitol agar containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- beta -D-glucuronide (MSA-BCIG) was used for the multiplex PCR. Three different DNA sequences of E. coli O157:H7 were amplified simultaneously in the PCR: a specific fragment of an attaching and effacing gene (eae gene), conserved sequences of Shiga-like toxins (SLT) I and II, and a fragment of the 60-MDa plasmid. The identities of PCR products were confirmed by hybridization using DIG-labeled internal oligonucleotide probes and colorimetric detection with anti-DIG Fab fragments conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. This method yielded positive results with all reference strains of EHEC serogroup O157, including serotypes O157:H7, O157:NM, and O157:H super(-), and negative results were obtained with all strains of nontoxigenic E. coli serogroup O157, other serotypes of E. coli, and other bacterial species. The detection limit of the method was 65 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli O157:H7. All 29 cultures of EHEC O157:H7 isolated from meat samples and identified by biochemical and serological tests were positive in the multiplex PCR. EHEC O157:H7 was identified from all of 70 experimentally inoculated ground beef and milk samples which had initial inocula of 4 to 9 CFU/g (ml) and were subjected to a 6-h enrichment culturing. The multiplex PCR procedure could be very useful for routine examinations of food samples for the presence of EHEC O157. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Deng, MY AU - Fratamico, P M AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 570 EP - 576 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - food KW - Escherichia coli KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15754224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+multiplex+PCR+for+rapid+identification+of+Shiga-like+toxin-producing+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+isolated+from+foods&rft.au=Deng%2C+MY%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; polymerase chain reaction; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the hatch of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) eggs from Russia and the United States after exposure to different temperatures and durations of low temperature AN - 15753088; 3981424 AB - Comparisons are made of the effects of temperature and duration of low temperature on egg hatch of North American and Russian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), under controlled laboratory conditions. Percentage of hatch of embryonated eggs, days to 1st hatch after incubation at warm temperature and temporal distribution of hatch are used to compare hatch of different strains under various conditions. Eggs from 2 Russian gypsy moth strains required less exposure to low temperature to be able to hatch than did eggs from a North American strain. Hatch took longer to begin and proceeded more slowly in eggs held at constant 15 and 20 degree C. Hatch did not occur for >99% of North American and Russian eggs held at a constant 25 degree C. Substantial variation in hatch in response to low temperature exists both within and between gypsy moth strains, making adaptation to a wide range of climates possible. Variation in diapause requirements within a strain and between strains can be assessed and compared by holding eggs for 60 d at 5 degree C followed by incubation at 25 degree C. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Keena, MA AD - Northeastern Cent. for Forest Health Res., USDA-Forest Serv., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 564 EP - 572 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - hatching KW - USA KW - Lymantriidae KW - eggs KW - temperature effects KW - Russia KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+hatch+of+Lymantria+dispar+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+eggs+from+Russia+and+the+United+States+after+exposure+to+different+temperatures+and+durations+of+low+temperature&rft.au=Keena%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Keena&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Russia; USA; hatching; eggs; temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The repB gene required for production of extracellular enzymes and fluorescent siderophores in Pseudomonas viridiflava is an analog of the gacA gene of Pseudomonas syringae AN - 15753082; 3978993 AB - Two genes, designated repA and repB, are involved in the regulation of the synthesis of extracellular pectate lyase, protease, and alginate in Pseudomonas viridiflava. The repA gene has been shown to encode a protein highly homologous to several bacterial sensors in the two-component regulator family including the LemA of Pseudomonas syringae. In this study, the repB locus, initially identified in a 6.3-kb EcoRI genomic fragment of P. viridiflava, was further characterized. Results obtained from restriction mapping, deletion subclonings, and mini-Mu-LacZ fusions indicated that the repB gene was contained within a 0.8-kb HindIII-PstI region. Sequence analysis of this repB region revealed the presence of an open reading frame, which was predicted to encode a protein similar or identical to the gacA response regulator found in P. syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The repB gene of P. viridiflava also regulated the production of fluorescent siderophores, in addition to the aforementioned extracellular enzymes and alginate. The repB or gacA homologs were detected in the genomes of nine other strains of P. viridiflava, P. fluorescens, and P. syringae included in the study. The data presented here and earlier indicate that the repA/repB gene regulatory system of P. viridiflava is analogous to the lemA/gacA system of P. syringae and P. fluorescens. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Liao, C-H AU - McCallus, DE AU - Wells, J M AU - Tzean, S-S AU - Kang, G-Y AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - repB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - siderophores KW - nucleotide sequence KW - extracellular enzymes KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=The+repB+gene+required+for+production+of+extracellular+enzymes+and+fluorescent+siderophores+in+Pseudomonas+viridiflava+is+an+analog+of+the+gacA+gene+of+Pseudomonas+syringae&rft.au=Liao%2C+C-H%3BMcCallus%2C+DE%3BWells%2C+J+M%3BTzean%2C+S-S%3BKang%2C+G-Y&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C-H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas viridiflava; Pseudomonas syringae; nucleotide sequence; extracellular enzymes; siderophores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of simulated rainfall on efficacy and leaching of two formulations of fenamiphos AN - 15752464; 3978052 AB - Recoverable fenamiphos in the soil and residue in squash following different simulated rainfall treatments after nematicide application were determined in a 2-year study. Efficacy of fenamiphos also was evaluated. Fenamiphos treatments (3 SC and 15 G) were broadcast (6.7 kg a.i./ha) over plots and incorporated into the top 15 cm of soil immediately before planting 'Dixie Hybrid' squash. Simulated rainfall treatments of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 cm water were applied 1 day after fenamiphos application. Soil samples from 0- to 8-cm, 8- to 15-cm, and 15- to 30-cm soil depths were collected 1 day after the simulated rainfall applications and analyzed for fenamiphos, fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO), and fenamiphos sulfone (FSO sub(2)). Squash was analyzed for total fenamiphos residue. Greater concentrations of fenamiphos were present in the 0- to 8-cm soil layer following application of 15 G than 3 SC formulation. Simulated rainfall treatments did not alter fenamiphos concentrations in any soil layer (except for the 0- to 8-cm depth in 1992) or concentration of FSO and total fenamiphos residue in the 15- to 30-cm soil layer. Root-gall indices were greater from untreated than most fenamiphos-treated plots, but were not affected by formulations of fenamiphos or simulated rainfall treatments. Concentrations of total residue in squash ranged from 1 to 4 mu g FSO sub(2)/g. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Johnson, A W AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Sumner AD - USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Stn., Tifton, GA 31793-5401, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 379 EP - 388 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - insecticides KW - degradation KW - nematodes KW - fruit crops KW - soil analysis KW - experimental data KW - leaching KW - bioaccumulation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15752464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+simulated+rainfall+on+efficacy+and+leaching+of+two+formulations+of+fenamiphos&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+W%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BSumner&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; nematodes; simulated rainfall; leaching; experimental data; degradation; fruit crops; bioaccumulation; soil analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological diversity, niche overlap, and coexistence of antagonists used in developing mixtures for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apples AN - 15752169; 3978965 AB - A method was developed to select antagonists to be combined in mixtures that controlled blue mold of apple better than individual antagonists alone. Microorganisms selected for these mixtures were isolated from exposed apple tissue at weekly intervals over 5 weeks before harvest. The isolated microorganisms were classified and grouped into various nutritional clusters on the basis of their utilization of 95 carbon sources in Biolog plates using MicroLog and MLCLUST programs, respectively. Yeasts dominated isolations on nutrient yeast-dextrose agar at all isolation times. Bacteria were isolated only occasionally. Isolates were screened for their ability to control blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on Golden Delicious apple fruit. The most promising antagonists from different clusters were paired in subsequent tests to control blue mold, with preference given to antagonists colonizing the same fruit, secondly to those colonizing different fruit, but isolated at the same time, and finally to those colonizing different fruit at different times of isolation. Among 21 yeast antagonists tested in 13 combinations, four combinations were superior to individual antagonists. In a more extensive test, control of blue mold by a combination of antagonist isolates T5-D3 and T5-E2 was consistently superior to the individual isolates. Nutritional profiles of these antagonists, based on utilization of 35 carbon and 33 nitrogen sources, revealed significant differences in carbon catabolism. These differences caused niche differentiation and allowed populations of both antagonists to flourish in the same wound. De Wit replacement series revealed a high level of coexistence between the two antagonists. This was further confirmed by the relative yield that was close to unity at all antagonist proportions tested. Combining antagonists on the basis of niche differentiation was an effective method of improving control of postharvest blue mold, and probably also for other pre- and postharvest diseases. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 473 EP - 479 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - postharvest decay KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - niche pattern KW - biological control KW - blue mold KW - Malus domestica KW - Penicillium expansum KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15752169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Ecological+diversity%2C+niche+overlap%2C+and+coexistence+of+antagonists+used+in+developing+mixtures+for+biocontrol+of+postharvest+diseases+of+apples&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Penicillium expansum; biological control; blue mold; niche pattern ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymic conversion of malto-oligosaccharides and maltodextrin into cyclodextrin at low temperature AN - 15751966; 3972491 AB - In the presence of appropriate complexants at 5-25 degree C, maltose, maltotriose and maltohexaose were converted by Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) into beta -cyclodextrin ( beta -CD, cyclomaltoheptaose) in yields as high as 34, 49 and 66% respectively. In the absence of a complexant, yields of CD were extremely low (<2% overall); however, yields were greatly enhanced by the presence of complexants (cyclononanone, cyclodecanone and cycloundecanone) known to be highly selective for beta -CD. Many of the complexants that enhance CD production from starch or maltodextrin failed to enhance CD production from maltose. An investigation of the influence of molecular size and geometry of alkyl alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons on CD production from maltodextrin at low temperature revealed that all C sub(2)-C sub(14) alcohols and all C sub(3)-C sub(15) hydrocarbons enhance overall CD yield. While all of the hydrocarbons were highly selective for beta -CD, the selectivity of the alcohols varied according to chain length and degree of branching, with no alcohol enhancing the yield of gamma -CD. With the exception of propan-l-ol, straight-chain alcohols with eight or fewer carbon atoms strongly favoured beta -CD production; those with more than eight carbon atoms favoured alpha -CD production. Highest yields of alpha -CD (49-53%) were obtained with C sub(9)-C sub(12) alkan-l-ols. With the exception of n-butane, the use of which provided beta -CD yields as high as 59%, use of branched hydrocarbons and branched alcohols resulted in beta -CD yields (58-64%) higher than those obtained with the corresponding unbranched compounds. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - maltodextrin KW - malto-oligosaccharides KW - cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase KW - cyclodextrins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacillus macerans KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enzymic+conversion+of+malto-oligosaccharides+and+maltodextrin+into+cyclodextrin+at+low+temperature&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus macerans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alfalfa, a non-host of pea enation mosaic virus in Washington State AN - 15751751; 3975689 AB - Extensive surveys were conducted in Washington State during a 6-yr period between 1988 and 1994 in an attempt to locate reservoirs of pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV). Many of the peas (Pisum sativum L.), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), lentils (Lens culinaris Medic.), or faba beans (Vicia faba L.) collected during the survey, and which expressed symptoms of virus infection, tested positive for PEMV when assayed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PEMV could not, however, be detected by ELISA in any of 3230 alfalfa samples collected from eight counties in Washington State, even when samples were taken from alfalfa fields adjacent to infected pea, lentil, or chickpea fields where the virus was present. Dot blot hybridizations using a 4556 nucleotide cDNA fragment of PEMV RNA 1 containing the coat protein region produced strong reactions with positive controls, and did not detect the virus in 597 alfalfa samples tested in 1994. Fifty-six attempts to transmit PEMV into and out of alfalfa by aphid and mechanical transmissions were unsuccessful, while successful transmissions to and from pea and faba bean, or chickpea were made routinely. Our inability to detect PEMV in, or transmit the virus to alfalfa suggests that alfalfa is not currently a host. The overwintering epidemiologically significant reservoir host(s) of PEMV in the Pacific Northwest remains unknown. JF - Canadian Journal of Plant Science/Revue Canadienne de Phytotechnie AU - Larsen, R C AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Klein, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Irrigated Agric. Res. and Extension Cent., Washington State Univ., 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350-9687, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 521 EP - 524 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0008-4220, 0008-4220 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - host plants KW - Lens culinaris KW - Pisum sativum KW - pea enation mosaic virus KW - USA, Washington KW - overwintering KW - Vicia faba KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Plant+Science%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Phytotechnie&rft.atitle=Alfalfa%2C+a+non-host+of+pea+enation+mosaic+virus+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+C%3BKaiser%2C+W+J%3BKlein%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Plant+Science%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Phytotechnie&rft.issn=00084220&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pea enation mosaic virus; Pisum sativum; Cicer arietinum; Lens culinaris; Vicia faba; USA, Washington; overwintering; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Censusing double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at their winter roosts in the delta region of Mississippi AN - 15750436; 3974254 AB - Wintering double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were censused at all identified night roost sites in the Delta region of Mississippi during the winters of 1991-92 and 1992-93 using aerial surveys and systematic ground surveys in mid-December, mid-February and the end of March. Aerial surveys of primary river drainages were particularly useful in locating previously unidentified roost sites and aerial counts were highly correlated with ground counts of the same sites taken within eight days of each other. Despite an increase in monitoring effort and shifts in populations due to human disturbance, there were no significant differences detected in cormorant populations wintering in this region over the past four years. However, mid-February counts were significantly higher than either December or March counts and numbered approximately 30,000 plus or minus 2,000 individuals. Although up to 34 sites have been monitored to conduct these censuses, only between six and twelve sites were active (having >100 birds) at any one time. Although these are not always the same sites, six sites had a significantly higher frequency of occupancy than others, and lack of occupancy of these primary sites appeared to be associated with the occupancy of nearby alternative sites. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - Glahn, J F AU - May, A AU - Bruce, K AU - Reinhold, D AD - Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., USDA/APHIS/Animal Damage Control, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 73 EP - 81 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi Delta KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi, Mississippi Delta KW - aquatic birds KW - fish culture KW - population status KW - roosts KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Freshwater KW - predators KW - winter KW - USA, Mississippi KW - seasonal variations KW - population dynamics KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15750436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Censusing+double-crested+cormorants+%28Phalacrocorax+auritus%29+at+their+winter+roosts+in+the+delta+region+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Glahn%2C+J+F%3BMay%2C+A%3BBruce%2C+K%3BReinhold%2C+D&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; winter; fish culture; seasonal variations; population dynamics; predators; roosts; population status; Phalacrocorax auritus; USA, Mississippi; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectious Enterococcus from Heliothis virescens x H. subflexa backcross hybrids (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15748176; 3972487 AB - Plating assays have revealed the presence of a bacterium in extracts of tissues from backcross hybrid insects, derived from crosses between Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa, a bacterium found rarely and in much lower abundance in either of the 2 parent species. The bacterium is primarily localized within the gut but is also consistently recovered in small numbers from other somatic and germinal tissues. Fatty acid profile analyses and the sequence of its 16s ribosomal RNA indicate that the bacterium is an Enterococcus related to Enterococcus sulfureus and E. casseliflavus, species that previously have been encountered in insects and on plant tissues. Injection of the Enterococcus into H. virescens hosts results in the establishment of a bacterial infection similar to that of naturally infected backcross hybrids in terms of tissue distribution and relative magnitude among tissues. Like backcross hybrid males, almost 90% of H. virescens male moths infected as larvae were sterile in single pair test matings. The inability to either rescue male fertility in backcross lines cured of the Enterococcus or to observe characteristic abnormalities in sperm ultrastructure, however, casts doubt on the likelihood that this microorganism is the proximate cause of male sterility in backcross hybrid insects. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Miller, S G AU - Miller, R D AD - Insect Attractants, Behavior and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 420 EP - 427 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pathogens KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - Lepidoptera KW - infection KW - Enterococcus sulfureus KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Enterococcus casseliflavus KW - sterility KW - hybrids KW - bacteria KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15748176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Infectious+Enterococcus+from+Heliothis+virescens+x+H.+subflexa+backcross+hybrids+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+G%3BMiller%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Enterococcus sulfureus; Enterococcus casseliflavus; infection; bacteria; hybrids; pathogens; sterility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diet on longevity and fecundity of the spined stilt bug, Jalysus wickhami AN - 15747995; 3975170 AB - We evaluated the suitability of selected food items for the adult spined stilt bug, Jalysus wickhami Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Berytidae), by providing one of seven diet treatments: (1) prepupae of the parasitoid, Cotesia congregata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on a leaf of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., 'NC 2326') (Solanaceae); (2) C. congregata prepupae alone (i.e., no tobacco leaf); (3) eggs of the parasitoid's host, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), on a tobacco leaf; (4) M. sexta eggs alone; (5) tobacco aphids, Myzus nicotianae Blackman (Homoptera: Aphididae), on a tobacco leaf; (6) a tobacco leaf alone; and (7) no prey and no tobacco. A tobacco leaf was necessary for the long-term survival of stilt bugs, but prey source did not affect longevity. Regardless of the prey type, stilt bugs with access to a tobacco leaf lived 21-23 days, while stilt bugs without access to tobacco lived less than 12 days. Animal prey provided a protein source required for egg deposition in J. wickhami, and prey species differed in their relative nutritive values. Female stilt bugs that fed on M. sexta eggs or on C. congregata prepupae were significantly more fecund (102 and 106 nymphs per female, respectively) than females that fed on tobacco aphids (24 nymphs per female). Results suggest that stilt bugs may feed on tobacco aphids and C. congregata prepupae when other prey are unavailable. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Jackson, D M AU - Kester, K M AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Vegetable Lab., 2875 Savannah Hwy., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 421 EP - 425 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diets KW - Berytidae KW - Hemiptera KW - fecundity KW - Jalysus wickhami KW - longevity KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15747995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diet+on+longevity+and+fecundity+of+the+spined+stilt+bug%2C+Jalysus+wickhami&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D+M%3BKester%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Jalysus wickhami; Hemiptera; Berytidae; diets; longevity; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of weed seeds and seed pathogen propagates in composted grass seed straw AN - 15730234; 230194 AB - Seeds of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), and propagules of two fungal pathogens of grass Gloeotinia temulenta (blindseed) and Claviceps purpurea (ergot) were placed in mesh packets and inserted into compost windrows of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) straw. Compost treatments included three types of straw, two methods of turning, and three depths of seed or propagule placement. Packets were inserted to depths of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m (1, 2, and 3 ft) and corresponding internal compost temperatures were recorded weekly. Windrows were turned either zero, two, four, or six times over eight months. During the 1992-1993 season, windrows were turned with a commercial straddle-type compost turner and in the 1993-1994 season, windrows were turned with a tractor front-end loader. Composting proceeded without addition of nitrogen except for that present in the straw and without water beyond normal rainfall. Survival of weed seeds and pathogen propagules decreased with numbers of turns, but was not related to straw collection method, depth of packet placement, or method of turning. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Churchill, D B AU - Alderman, S C AU - Mueller-Warrant, G W AU - Elliott, L F AU - Bilsland, D M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 63 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Agricultural machinery KW - Composted grass seed straw KW - Crop residue KW - Seed pathogens KW - Straddle type compost turner KW - Temperature KW - Tractor front end loader KW - Windrows KW - Wood seeds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fungi KW - Rain KW - Composting KW - Water KW - Crops KW - W4 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 443.3:PRECIPITATION KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 821.5:AGRICULTURAL WASTES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Survival+of+weed+seeds+and+seed+pathogen+propagates+in+composted+grass+seed+straw&rft.au=Churchill%2C+D+B%3BAlderman%2C+S+C%3BMueller-Warrant%2C+G+W%3BElliott%2C+L+F%3BBilsland%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Rain; Composting; Crops; Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Header loss for Shelbourne Reynolds stripper-header harvesting wheat AN - 15730187; 230187 AB - Field tests were conducted to evaluate header grain loss for a combine equipped with a 3.7 m (12 ft) wide Shelbourne Reynolds stripper-header harvesting wheat. Eight tests were conducted over two years in the Columbia Plateau and Northern Great Plains. Hard red spring and winter wheat were harvested near Sidney, Montana, and soft white wheat was harvested near Pendleton and Moro, Oregon. Combine speed, stripper rotor speed, and stripper hood position were evaluated at these locations where grain yield ranged from 2 000 to 6 200 kg/ha (30 to 92 bu/acre). Losses ranged from 50 to over 500 kg/ha (0.74 to over 7.4 bu/acre). Header loss decreased with increased combine speed and decreased hood clearance, but stripper rotor speed had little influence on header loss. A stripper-header combine traveling over 7 km/h (4.3 mile/h) had comparable header loss to combines with cutter-bar headers traveling at 1.3 to 4.4 km/h (0.8 to 2.7 mile/h). JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Wilkins, DE AU - Douglas, CLJr AU - Pikul, JLJr AD - USDA-ARS, Pendleton, OR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 159 EP - 162 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Combines KW - Grain (agricultural product) KW - Header grain loss KW - Plants (botany) KW - Shatter KW - Shelbourne Reynolds stripper header KW - Wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Harvesting KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Header+loss+for+Shelbourne+Reynolds+stripper-header+harvesting+wheat&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+DE%3BDouglas%2C+CLJr%3BPikul%2C+JLJr&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Harvesting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of genetic modification on the content and composition of bioactive constituents in soybean oil super(1) AN - 15719920; 225668 AB - The content and composition of tocopherols, sterols, and phospholipids in soybean oils derived from genetically-modified soybeans were determined by normal and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Tocopherol content was lowered in oils from soybeans selected to yield high palmitate and stearate contents. However, beta -tocopherol, which amounts to less than 1 ppm in control oils, was increased to 25-53 ppm in these oils. Sterol content was higher in one reduced-linolenate oil, which also had the highest oleate content. The greatest variability was observed in the content of beta -sitosterol, which ranged from 46.9-151.6 mg/100/g in the modified oils. Although, in general, there was little impact on the phospholipids, the content of phosphatidic acid was elevated in crude oils from three of the lines. Increases in phosphatidic acid are generally associated with storage deterioration of soybeans. Individual major classes of phospholipid were isolated, and the molecular species composition of each was determined. Compositional variations in molecular species indicated that there was an impact of the genetic modification of soybeans at the molecular level of the phospholipids that are primary plant cell components. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Mounts, T L AU - Abidi, S L AU - Rennick, KA AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 581 EP - 586 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Crude petroleum KW - Genetic modification KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Molecular structure KW - Palmitate KW - Phosphatidic acid KW - Phospholipids KW - Plants (botany) KW - Soybean oil KW - Stearate KW - Sterols KW - Tocopherols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genes KW - Gas chromatography KW - Cells KW - Lipids KW - Composition KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 523:LIQUID FUELS KW - W4 461.8.1:GENETIC ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15719920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Effect+of+genetic+modification+on+the+content+and+composition+of+bioactive+constituents+in+soybean+oil+super%281%29&rft.au=Mounts%2C+T+L%3BAbidi%2C+S+L%3BRennick%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Mounts&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genes; Cells; Gas chromatography; Lipids; Composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic activity of lipases toward hydroxy fatty acids - a review AN - 15719329; 225664 AB - Hydroxy fatty acids, derived from several natural and synthetic sources, have many applications. Lipases have been employed to catalyze reactions involving hydroxy acids to narrowly shape the product distribution via their regio- and stereoselectivities. This manuscript reviews the action of lipase on hydroxy acids and their derivatives. The formation of estolides or lactones by lipase-catalyzed reactions depends strongly on the position of the hydroxyl moiety on the hydroxy acyl group and slightly on the hydroxy acid chainlength and concentration. Pseudomonas sp. and porcine pancreatic lipases are the most useful for catalyzing formation of optically pure lactones, while lipases lacking positional selectivity catalyze estolide formation best. The product distribution of lipase-catalyzed esterification between hydroxy- and nonhydroxy-acyl groups is strongly dependent on the lipase type. Lipase-catalyzed reactions between hydroxy acids and alcohols yield hydroxy esters, not estolides, as the major product. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hayes, Douglas G AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 543 EP - 549 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Enantioselectivity KW - Estolides KW - Hydroxy fatty acids KW - Inorganic acids KW - Lactones KW - Lipases KW - Stereoselectivity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Derivatives KW - Esterification KW - Enzymes KW - Molecules KW - Esters KW - Catalysis KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 931.3:ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15719329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Catalytic+activity+of+lipases+toward+hydroxy+fatty+acids+-+a+review&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Douglas+G&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Derivatives; Esterification; Enzymes; Molecules; Esters; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An introduction to digital methods in remote sensing of forested ecosystems: Focus on the Pacific Northwest, USA AN - 15702918; 3969037 AB - Aerial photography has been routinely used for several decades by natural resource scientists and managers to map and monitor the condition of forested landscapes. Recently, along with the emergence of concepts in managing forests as ecosystems, has come a significant shift in emphasis from smaller to larger spatial scales and the widespread use of geographic information systems. These developments have precipitated an increasing need for vegetation information derived from other remote sensing imagery, especially digital data acquired from high-elevation aircraft and satellite platforms. This paper introduces fundamental concepts in digital remote sensing and describes numerous applications of the technology. The intent is to provide a balanced, nontechnical view, discussing the shortcomings, successes, and future potential for digital remote sensing of forested ecosystems. JF - Environmental Management AU - Cohen, W B AU - Kushla, J D AU - Ripple, W J AU - Garman, S L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 421 EP - 425 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem analysis KW - geographic information systems KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - data processing KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15702918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+digital+methods+in+remote+sensing+of+forested+ecosystems%3A+Focus+on+the+Pacific+Northwest%2C+USA&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W+B%3BKushla%2C+J+D%3BRipple%2C+W+J%3BGarman%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pacific Northwest; forests; ecosystem analysis; geographic information systems; data processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect infestations and incidence of western gall rust among ponderosa pine sources grown in the central Great Plains AN - 15700991; 3968557 AB - Six seed sources in two 22-yr-old ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa variety scopulorum Engelmann, provenance plantings in Hastings, NE, and Alliance, NE, were evaluated for abundance of Rhyacionia bushnelli, Retinia metallica, Dioryctria spp., and Peridermium harknessii. The 6 sources were selected for this study based on superior growth and previous susceptibility or nonsusceptibility to the aforementioned insects and pathogen. Infestation levels per tree and per branch, and proportion of infested tips were used to evaluate the influence of source on pest abundance. Abundance of the pests varied with planting. In both plantings, R. bushnelli abundance was lower on the 3 taller sources (720, 721, 757) than on the 3 shorter sources (764, 833, 835) similar to what was observed previously. The abundance of current and old R. metallica was low in both plantings and did not vary with source. At the Alliance planting, taller sources had more total Dioryctria spp. than shorter sources. P. harknessii galls were present on every sampled tree in the Hastings planting and occurred only on a few trees sampled at Alliance, but no source differences were detected. Abundance of R. bushnelli was positively correlated with previous-year R. metallica at Alliance and current-year R. metallica at Alliance and negatively correlated with P. harknessii abundance at Hastings. Interactions among environmental, host, and insect factors probably account for these correlations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dix, ME AU - Harrell, M AU - Klopfenstein, N B AU - Barkhouse, K AU - King, R AU - Lawson, R AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., Natl. Agroforestry Cent., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0822, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 611 EP - 617 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Rhyacionia bushnelli KW - Retinia metallica KW - Peridermium harknessii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - infestation KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tortricidae KW - USA KW - incidence KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15700991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Insect+infestations+and+incidence+of+western+gall+rust+among+ponderosa+pine+sources+grown+in+the+central+Great+Plains&rft.au=Dix%2C+ME%3BHarrell%2C+M%3BKlopfenstein%2C+N+B%3BBarkhouse%2C+K%3BKing%2C+R%3BLawson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dix&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Pyralidae; USA; infestation; incidence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of resistant honey bee hosts on the life history of the parasite Acarapis woodi AN - 15698496; 3968627 AB - Non-infested, young adult honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) of two stocks were exposed to tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi (Rennie)) in infested colonies to determine how divergent levels of susceptibility in host bees differentially affect components of the mite life history. Test bees were retrieved after exposure and dissected to determine whether resistance is founded on the reduced success of gravid female (foundress) mites to enter the host tracheae, on the suppressed reproduction by foundress mites once established in host tracheae or on both. Cohorts of 30-60 bees from each of ten resistant colonies and eight susceptible colonies were tested in eight trials (three to five colonies per stock per trial) having exposure durations of 4, 9 or 21 days. The principal results were that lower percentages of resistant bees than of susceptible bees routinely became infested by foundress mites, individual infested susceptible bees often had more foundress mites than individual infested resistant bees did and mite fecundity was similar in both host types. The infestation percentage results corresponded well with similar results from a prior field test of these stocks and, thus, suggest that the bioassay is useful for assessing honey bee resistance to A. woodi. JF - Experimental and Applied Acarology AU - Danka, R G AU - Villa, J D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Honey Bee Breeding, Genet. and Physiol. Lab., 1157 Ben Hur Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 313 EP - 322 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acarapis woodi KW - life history KW - Apis mellifera KW - parasitism KW - Tarsonemidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Acari KW - Apidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+resistant+honey+bee+hosts+on+the+life+history+of+the+parasite+Acarapis+woodi&rft.au=Danka%2C+R+G%3BVilla%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Danka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acarapis woodi; Acari; Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; Tarsonemidae; parasitism; life history ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro analysis of the role of glucose oxidase from Talaromyces flavus in biocontrol of the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae AN - 15698233; 3970775 AB - Culture filtrates from Talaromyces flavus grown on glucose contained high levels of glucose oxidase activity, while culture filtrates from T. flavus grown on xylan contained negligible glucose oxidase activity. Culture filtrates from T. flavus grown on both media contained complex protein profiles. However, only culture filtrates from T. flavus grown on glucose inhibited germination of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in in vitro inhibition assays. A polyclonal antiserum preparation, pABGO-1, raised against purified glucose oxidase from T. flavus was highly specific for glucose oxidase. Only one protein band in culture filtrates (from glucose medium), migrating at 71 kDa, was detected in Western blots (immunoblots) with this antiserum. This band comigrated with purified glucose oxidase. No bands were detected in culture filtrates from the xylan medium. Glucose oxidase was removed via immunoprecipitation from culture filtrates of T. flavus grown in glucose medium, resulting in filtrates which no longer inhibited in vitro microsclerotial germination. When glucose oxidase-depleted filtrates were amended with purified glucose oxidase from T. flavus, the ability to kill microsclerotia in vitro was restored to original levels. We conclude that glucose oxidase is the only protein in culture filtrates of T. flavus responsible for inhibition of germination of microsclerotia of V. dahliae. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stosz, S K AU - Fravel AU - Roberts, D P AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., U.S.D.A., Agric. Res. Serv., Rm. 275, Bldg. 011-A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3183 EP - 3186 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - glucose oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Talaromyces flavus KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+analysis+of+the+role+of+glucose+oxidase+from+Talaromyces+flavus+in+biocontrol+of+the+plant+pathogen+Verticillium+dahliae&rft.au=Stosz%2C+S+K%3BFravel%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Stosz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Talaromyces flavus; Verticillium dahliae; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of stream width for determining the dosage rates of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for larval black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) control AN - 15698105; 3970967 AB - Data from several operational black fly abatement programs using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) in New York State's Adirondack Mountains were analyzed to determine what the concentration of formulation in the stream might have been if application rates were determined by a stream's width rather than its discharge. There was a high correlation (vertical barRvertical bar = 0.87) between discharge and width measured at 315 treatment sites. Had the applications been based upon the stream width, 96% of the actual concentrations in the streams would have been within plus or minus a factor of 5 and none exceeding a factor of 10, a range in which B.t.i remains environmentally safe and effective. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Undeen, AH AU - Molloy, D P AD - Med. and Veterinary Entomol. Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, P. O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 312 EP - 315 VL - 12 IS - 2 part 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - pesticide applications KW - Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis KW - dose-response effects KW - Diptera KW - Simuliidae KW - biological control KW - chemcontrol KW - aquatic insects KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - USA, New York KW - streams KW - pesticides KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Use+of+stream+width+for+determining+the+dosage+rates+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+var.+israelensis+for+larval+black+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Simuliidae%29+control&rft.au=Undeen%2C+AH%3BMolloy%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Undeen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2+part+1&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; Diptera; Simuliidae; streams; pesticides; chemcontrol; aquatic insects; USA, New York; USA, New York, Adirondack Mts.; pesticide applications; dose-response effects; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host choice of late instar gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) between loblolly pine and sweetgum AN - 15697638; 3968578 AB - Host choice of late instar (L4-L6) gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), was evaluated using stems and foliage of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua L. Upon release as 4th instars, larvae were free to roam within arenas, where their location was recorded several times per day until all had pupated. The number of larvae on a particular host species was highly dependent on larval age. After release into experimental arenas, there was nearly unidirectional movement from loblolly pine to sweetgum, resulting in 75% of larvae being found on this host after 4 d. Sweetgum remained the preferred host for most of the larval stage; however, as larvae neared pupation there was strong movement to loblolly pine, which was preferred over sweetgum approximately 3 to 1 for pupation. The initial host of release had no effect on larval host-choice for pupation. Host sequence, defined by host of release and host of pupation, affected larval duration and pupal weight only in the following cases. Insects that began and pupated on loblolly pine developed at a slower rate and weighed less than those that began and pupated on sweetgum. Individuals that switched hosts for pupation generally were not significantly different (in pupal weight or development time) from either of these. Implications of the observed pattern of host use, especially the overwhelming choice of loblolly pine for pupation, on gypsy moth interactions with natural enemies in the southeastern United States are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Strom, B L AU - Hain, F P AD - Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hgwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 603 EP - 610 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - instar KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - host selection KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15697638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+choice+of+late+instar+gypsy+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+between+loblolly+pine+and+sweetgum&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BHain%2C+F+P&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; Pinus taeda; Liquidambar styraciflua; host selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of fusarium wilt of watermelon by nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other microorganisms recovered from a disease-suppressive soil AN - 15696721; 3968809 AB - Nearly 400 microorganism isolates, including bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, were collected from watermelon roots growing in soils suppressive and nonsuppressive to Fusarium wilt of watermelon. These isolates were screened for their ability to restore suppressiveness to microwave-treated suppressive soil and to reduce disease incidence in conducive field soil. Specific isolates of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum from suppressive soil were the only organisms consistently effective in reducing disease (35 to 75% reduction) in both microwave-treated and natural field soils. Thus, we concluded that F. oxysporum was the primary antagonist responsible for suppression in this suppressive soil, although other organisms may contribute to suppressiveness. Selected isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in reducing disease when added to field soils at inoculum levels as low as 50 to 100 chlamydospores per g of soil, which was comparable to or below pathogen inoculum levels (100 to 200 CFU/ g of soil). Root colonization data indicated that reduction of disease was not directly related to the ability of the antagonist to colonize roots extensively or to reduce colonization by the pathogen. Effective antagonists were not associated with specific vegetative compatibility groups, indicating antagonists represent diverse isolates. In split-root experiments, in which the antagonist and the pathogen were physically separated from each other, root colonization by selected isolates of F. oxysporum reduced disease incidence, verifying the mechanism of action as induced systemic resistance. Several isolates of F. oxysporum from this suppressive soil have potential for development as biocontrol agents. JF - Phytopathology AU - Larkin, R P AU - Hopkins, D L AU - Martin, F N AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 812 EP - 819 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - wilt KW - Fusarium KW - biological control KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15696721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+fusarium+wilt+of+watermelon+by+nonpathogenic+Fusarium+oxysporum+and+other+microorganisms+recovered+from+a+disease-suppressive+soil&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P%3BHopkins%2C+D+L%3BMartin%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium; biological control; wilt ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a PCR-based method for identification of Tilletia indica, causal agent of karnal bunt of wheat AN - 15693844; 3958552 AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify Tilletia indica, the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat. The method used two sets of oligonucleotide primers developed by sequence analysis of cloned DraI fragments of mitochondrial DNA of T. indica. The primer pair TI17M1 (5'-TCCCCTTGGATCAGAACGTA-3') and TI17M2 (5'-AGAAGTCTAACTCCCCCCTCT-3'), derived from clone pTI-MD17, amplified a single 825-bp product from all isolates of T. indica and no products for other Tilletia spp. In addition, the primer pair TI57M1 (5'-TTTTCCCTCTCTCCTTTTTTCA-3') and TI57M2 (5'-AGCAAAGACAAAGTAGGCTTCC-3'), derived from clone pTI-MD57, produced a product of 118 bp which was unique to T. indica. Specificity of the primers was evaluated using 78 isolates of T. indica and 79 isolates of five other Tilletia spp., including 69 isolates of T. barclayana, from geographically diverse locations. The specificity of amplification products for T. indica was confirmed by Southern-blot hybridization using pTI-MD17 or pTI-MD57 as super(32)P-labeled probes. The method also employed a control PCR assay that used primers to conserved binding sites that amplified an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA reported in the literature for several groups of fungi. All Tilletia spp. produced a 420-bp product using the primers ITS3 and ITS4 in the control assay. These results demonstrated that the negative PCR results obtained with T. barclayana and other Tilletia spp. using T. indica-specific primers were not associated with mycelial DNA degradation or the presence of PCR inhibitors. Using teliospores germinated from a seed wash extraction method of infested grain, we demonstrated that T. indica can be reliably detected at an infestation level of five teliospores per 50-g grain sample. JF - Phytopathology AU - Smith, O P AU - Peterson, G L AU - Beck, R J AU - Schaad, N W AU - Bonde, M R AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 115 EP - 122 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - bunt KW - Tilletia indica KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - Triticum aestivum KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15693844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+PCR-based+method+for+identification+of+Tilletia+indica%2C+causal+agent+of+karnal+bunt+of+wheat&rft.au=Smith%2C+O+P%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BBeck%2C+R+J%3BSchaad%2C+N+W%3BBonde%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilletia indica; Triticum aestivum; bunt; polymerase chain reaction; mitochondrial DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binomial sampling plans for estimating and classifying population density of adult Bemisia tabaci in cotton AN - 15693674; 3961872 AB - We used an empirical relationship to develop models for estimating and for classifying the population density of adult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in cotton based on the proportion of infested leaves. We examined models based on tally thresholds (the minimum number of insects present before a leaf is considered infested) of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 adults per fifth mainstem node leaf from the terminal. For the estimation of density, sampling precision (SE/mean) increased with higher tally thresholds (T); however, there was negligible improvement in precision with T greater than or equal to 3 adults per leaf. Using T = 3 as few as 30 samples were necessary to achieve a precision of 0.25 over a wide range of population densities. To evaluate these binomial models for the classification of population density for pest management application, we used simulation analyses to determine operating characteristic curves (error probabilities), and to estimate average sample size and cost functions. Error probabilities and average sample sizes declined with higher values of T, but there was negligible decline in error probabilities using T greater than or equal to 3 adults per leaf, and the overall cost of sampling was lowest for T = 3. Wald's sequential probability ratio test was used to formulate sequential sampling stop lines for classifying population density relative to two nominal action thresholds, 5 or 10 adults per leaf. Simulation analysis indicated that by using T = 3, fewer than 30 samples, on average, were needed to classify populations relative to either action threshold. However, simulated error probabilities consistently exceeded the nominal error probabilities used to initially formulate sequential sampling stop lines regardless of the tally threshold. Comparing binomial models using T = 1 or T = 3 to independent data from four field sites, the model for T = 1 was generally biased towards overprediction of mean density, but the T = 3 model was a robust and relatively unbiased predictor of mean density. The binomial sampling plans presented here should permit the rapid estimation of population density and enhance the efficiency of pest management programs based on the prescriptive suppression of B. tabaci in cotton. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Flint, H M AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 343 EP - 353 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - population density KW - Gossypium KW - models KW - sampling KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15693674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Binomial+sampling+plans+for+estimating+and+classifying+population+density+of+adult+Bemisia+tabaci+in+cotton&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BFlint%2C+H+M%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Bemisia tabaci; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; models; sampling; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water activity and other factors that affect the viability of Colletotrichum truncatum conidia in wheat flour-kaolin granules ('Pesta') AN - 15691040; 3962221 AB - Optimization of shelf-life is critically important for biocontrol products containing living microorganisms. Conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum, a fungal pathogen of the weed, hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), were produced in shake flasks (corn meal-soya flour medium) and on Emerson Yp Ss agar and formulated in wheat flour-kaolin granules ('Pesta'). The granules were conditioned at water activities of 0, 0.12, 0.33, 0.53 and 0.75 during storage at 25 degree C over desiccant or saturated salt solutions. The longest shelf-life (conidial inoculum viability) was found in samples in the water activity range 0-0.33, where the water was bound by the matrix and not readily available to the fungus. At a water activity of 0.12, granules were 100% viable (on water agar) for at least 24 weeks, and were 87% viable after 1 year. Sucrose (5% w/w) partially counteracted the detrimental effect of high water activity on the shelf-life of C. truncatum when incorporated in the granules. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Daigle, D J AU - Boyette, C D AU - Williams, K S AU - Vinyard, B T AU - Quimby, PC Jr AD - SRRC, USDA, ARS, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 277 EP - 284 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - water activity KW - herbicides KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03069:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15691040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Water+activity+and+other+factors+that+affect+the+viability+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum+conidia+in+wheat+flour-kaolin+granules+%28%27Pesta%27%29&rft.au=Connick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BDaigle%2C+D+J%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BWilliams%2C+K+S%3BVinyard%2C+B+T%3BQuimby%2C+PC+Jr&rft.aulast=Connick&rft.aufirst=WJ&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata; biological control; herbicides; water activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping surface soil moisture using an aircraft-based passive microwave instrument: Algorithm and example AN - 15691014; 3962229 AB - Microwave remote sensing at L-band (21 cm wavelength) can provide a direct measurement of the surface soil moisture for a range of cover conditions and within reasonable error bounds. Surface soil moisture observations are rare and, therefore, the use of these data in hydrology and other disciplines has not been fully explored or developed. Without satellite-based observing systems, the only way to collect these data in large-scale studies is with an aircraft platform. Recently, aircraft systems such as the push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR) and the electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR) have been developed to facilitate such investigations. In addition, field experiments have attempted to collect the passive microwave data as part of an integrated set of hydrologic data. One of the most ambitious of these investigations was the Washita'92 experiment. Preliminary analysis of these data has shown that the microwave observations are indicative of deterministic spatial and temporal variations in the surface soil moisture. Users of these data should be aware of a number of issues related to using aircraft-based systems and practical approaches to applying soil moisture estimation algorithms to large data sets. This paper outlines the process of mapping surface soil moisture from an aircraft-based passive microwave radiometer system for the Washita'92 experiment. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Jackson, T J AU - Le Vine, DE AD - USDA ARS Hydrol. Lab., 104 Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 EP - 99 VL - 184 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - soil water KW - satellite technology KW - hydrologic data KW - aircraft KW - mapping KW - algorithms KW - microwaves KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15691014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Mapping+surface+soil+moisture+using+an+aircraft-based+passive+microwave+instrument%3A+Algorithm+and+example&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BLe+Vine%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Soil moisture theories and observations. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mapping; soil water; aircraft; microwaves; algorithms; hydrology; satellite technology; hydrologic data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on striped pine scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) populations AN - 15689392; 3961865 AB - Loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., were banded in three seed orchards in Georgia to prevent the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), from tending infestations of striped pine scales, Toumeyella pini (King). Ant activity had no effect on female scale insect survival as numbers per shoot were never significantly different between check and banded trees in any of the orchards. Parasitism of females rarely differed between treatments, with higher rates twice in one orchard on unbanded trees and once in another orchard on banded trees. There also appeared to be no treatment effects on predator numbers. Coincident populations of the mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) and the woolly pine scale, Pseudophilippia quaintancii Cockerell, on the shoots also were unaffected by the presence of fire ants. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Clarke AU - DeBarr, G L AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 239 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Toumeyella pini KW - pest outbreak KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - interspecific relationships KW - Formicidae KW - USA, Georgia KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15689392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+red+imported+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+on+striped+pine+scale+%28Homoptera%3A+Coccidae%29+populations&rft.au=Clarke%3BDeBarr%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; USA, Georgia; interspecific relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of an extracellular polysaccharide by Agrobacterium sp DS3 NRRL B-14297 isolated from soil AN - 15687610; 3965900 AB - A bacterium isolated from soil and identified as Agrobacterium sp produced a water-soluble polysaccharide capable of producing highly viscous solutions. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed a sugar composition of glucose, galactose and mannose in the molar ratio of 7.5 : 2.4 : 1, together with 3.7% (w/w) pyruvic acid. Methylation analyses showed the presence of (1 arrow right 3)-, (1 arrow right 4)- and (1 arrow right 6)-linked glucose, (1 arrow right 3)- and (1 arrow right 4, 1 arrow right 6)-linked galactose and a small portion of (1 arrow right 3)-linked mannose residues. Succinic acid was not present. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide was estimated by light scattering to be 2 x 10 super(6) Da. The viscosity of solutions containing the polysaccharide remained constant from pH 3 to 11, and decreased by 50% when heated from 5 to 55 degree C. Maximum yield of the polysaccharide, 20 g L super(-1), was reached in 48 h at 30 degree C incubation. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Brown, W AU - Nicholson, J J AD - Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 129 EP - 133 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agrobacterium KW - soil KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15687610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+an+extracellular+polysaccharide+by+Agrobacterium+sp+DS3+NRRL+B-14297+isolated+from+soil&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BAhlgren%2C+JA%3BBrown%2C+W%3BNicholson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of fungicides on development of an entomopathogenic fungus (Zygomycetes: Neozygitaceae) in the cotton aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) AN - 15687043; 3965588 AB - Fungicides used commercially for control of cotton seedling diseases were evaluated under field conditions during a 3-yr period for their effects on the prevalence of the entomopathogenic fungus Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Batko in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. The susceptibility of N. fresenii to the fungicides varied. Carboxin significantly reduced N. fresenii prevalence during the early season. Furthermore, A. gossypii population levels were significantly greater during the 1993 field test in plots treated with carboxin. In some cases etridiazole and metalaxyl also significantly reduced N. fresenii prevalence during the early season. Conversely, N. fresenii prevalence was generally equivalent to or greater in the fungicide-treated plots than in the control plots during the late season. Although numerous biotic and abiotic factors (that is, environmental or artificial or both) also influence fungal prevalence in field situations, this appears to be the 1st demonstration of reduced entomopathogenic fungal prevalence caused by the application of a granular fungicide at planting. Biological and cultural implications are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Smith, M T AU - Hardee, D D AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 677 EP - 687 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Neozygitaceae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Aphididae KW - fungicides KW - Homoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15687043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fungicides+on+development+of+an+entomopathogenic+fungus+%28Zygomycetes%3A+Neozygitaceae%29+in+the+cotton+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BHardee%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphis gossypii; Homoptera; Aphididae; fungicides; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential sensitivity of tropical plants to increased ultraviolet-B radiation AN - 15684518; 3962792 AB - Little is known concerning the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion and increasing ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation on the phenology and growth of tropical plants. This is because, ostensibly, tropical plants are already exposed to relatively high levels of UV-B radiation (relative to a temperate environment) and should, therefore, possess a greater degree of tolerance to increased UV-B radiation. In this brief review I hope to show that, potentially, direct and indirect effects on photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning, phenology and biomass could occur in both tropical crops (e.g. cassava, rice) and native species (e.g. Cecropia obtusifolia (Bertol. Fl)., Tetramolopium humile (Gray), Nana sandwicensis L.). However, it should be noted that differences in sensitivity to UV-B radiation can be related to experimental conditions, and care should be taken to ensure that the quantity and quality of background solar radiation remains at near ambient conditions. Nevertheless, by integrating current and past studies on the impact of UV-B radiation on tropical species, I hope to be able to demonstrate that photosynthesis, morphology and growth in tropical plants could be directly affected by UV-B radiation and that UV-B radiation may be a factor in species and community dynamics in natural plant populations in the tropics. (DBO) JF - Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Ziska, L H AD - USDA-ARS, Climate Stress Lab., Bldg. 046A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 35 EP - 41 VL - 148 IS - 1-2 SN - 0176-1617, 0176-1617 KW - Nana sandwicensis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - photosynthesis KW - U.V. radiation KW - Cecropia obtusifolia KW - Tetramolopium humile KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15684518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=The+potential+sensitivity+of+tropical+plants+to+increased+ultraviolet-B+radiation&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=01761617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecropia obtusifolia; Tetramolopium humile; U.V. radiation; photosynthesis; tropical environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of twelve herbicides by Streptomyces AN - 15684249; 3966431 AB - Experiments were conducted to assess the ability of Streptomyces (strain PS1/5) to metabolize twelve herbicides representing several different classes including: acetanilides, triazines, ureas, uracils, and imidazoles. Incubations in aqueous culture with dextrin as carbon source and either ammonium or Casamino acids as nitrogen source resulted in transformations (> 50%) of eight of the herbicides tested: alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, prometryne, ametryne, linuron, tebuthiuron, and bromacil; the remaining four herbicides (cyanazine, diuron, metribuzin, and imazapyr) were also transformed, but to a lesser extent. In most instances, biotransformations occurred concurrently with growth and results were consistent regardless of the nitrogen source (ammonium vs. Casamino acids). However, in some instances there were differences in rates of biotransformation as a consequence of the nitrogen source (e.g. alachlor, metribuzin), suggesting the selective induction of certain metabolic enzymes; in other instances biotransformations were not associated with growth, suggesting secondary metabolism. An experiment was also conducted to assess the ability of Streptomyces (strain PS1/5) to metabolize atrazine contaminated soil. Inoculation of soil amended with 20 mu g/g of atrazine and 5% chitin as carbon source resulted in ca. 78% removal of atrazine within 28 days. These data suggest that Streptomyces species may be potential candidates for soil inoculation to bioremediate herbicide contaminated soils. JF - Biodegradation AU - Shelton AU - Khader, S AU - Karns, J S AU - Pogell, B M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Nat. Resour. Inst., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 007, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Streptomyces KW - herbicides KW - transformation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15684249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+twelve+herbicides+by+Streptomyces&rft.au=Shelton%3BKhader%2C+S%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BPogell%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; transformation; Streptomyces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preservation of ruminal microorganisms for in vitro determination of ruminal protein degradation AN - 15682316; 3971867 AB - Ruminal microorganisms, preserved either lyophilized or frozen, were compared with freshly strained ruminal fluid for proteolytic activity and as inoculum source for determination of ruminal protein degradation rates by the inhibitor in vitro method. Dialysis and glycerol addition had no effect on the proteolytic activity of preserved microorganisms. Net release of NH sub(3) and total amino acids from protein using the fluid plus particle-associated microorganisms was higher than that found using the fluid-associated microorganisms alone. Method of inoculum preservation altered total proteolytic activity, but harvesting bacteria using centrifugal force greater than 5,000 x g did not increase proteolytic activity of the pellet. The proposed method for harvesting and preserving microorganisms consisted of centrifuging strained ruminal fluid at 5,000 x g (30 min at 4 degree C), stirring the pellet in a 50:50 (vol/vol) solution of glycerol-McDougall's buffer for 15 min, and then storing at -20 degree C. Protein degradation rates in incubations with preserved microorganisms were four to eight times slower than when using fresh ruminal fluid; however, feed proteins were ranked similarly for degradation rate. Preincubating the preserved microorganisms reduced blank concentrations of NH sub(3) and total amino acid and increased protein degradative activity of the preserved inoculum. Degradation rates with preincubated, preserved inocula were similar to those obtained using fresh ruminal fluid. These results indicated that mixed ruminal microorganisms can be preserved by freezing and, after a preincubation period of 6 h, used as the inoculum source for in vitro estimation of ruminal protein degradation. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Luchini, N D AU - Broderick, G A AU - Combs, D K AD - U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1134 EP - 1143 VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - rumen KW - proteins KW - preservation KW - storage KW - microorganisms KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15682316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Preservation+of+ruminal+microorganisms+for+in+vitro+determination+of+ruminal+protein+degradation&rft.au=Luchini%2C+N+D%3BBroderick%2C+G+A%3BCombs%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Luchini&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - preservation; microorganisms; storage; rumen; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States during 1994 AN - 15680524; 3970112 AB - Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Louisiana and Texas in the winter of 1993-94. Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in wheat in the U.S. Race Pgt-TPMK was the most common race on wheat, making up 39% from 51 collections, while Pgt-QCCJ was most common from barley, making up 90% from 38 collections. Four collections from Hordeum jubatum yielded six isolates of race TMPK, four isolates of race QCCJ, and one each of races RKQQ and RTQQ. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was first found in mid-April in southern Texas and Louisiana. Yield losses due to oat stem rust in 1994 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, constituting 87% of the 119 isolates from 41 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the two other races identified from the U.S., constituting 3 and 10% of the isolates, respectively. Only race NA-29 was found in 50 collections from central Mexico. JF - Plant Disease AU - McVey, D V AU - Long, D L AU - Roberts, J J AD - Rust Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 EP - 89 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - stem rust KW - Hordeum jubatum KW - Puccinia graminis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Races+of+Puccinia+graminis+in+the+United+States+during+1994&rft.au=McVey%2C+D+V%3BLong%2C+D+L%3BRoberts%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=McVey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis; Hordeum jubatum; Triticum aestivum; USA; stem rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation starting time effects on cotton under high-frequency irrigation AN - 15680461; 3972190 AB - Deciding when to begin irrigating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is difficult because the positive effect of eliminating water stress may be offset by the negative effect of lowered soil temperature. Different starting times for high-frequency drip irrigation of cotton were investigated in a field having Olton clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustolls). Early irrigation (EI), started when seedlings had 3 mainstem nodes, was compared with delayed irrigation (DI-L), started at squaring when there were 7 mainstem nodes. Another delayed irrigation treatment (DI-H) received an initial large irrigation that equaled the cumulative amount of water applied by that time to the EI treatment. During the early irrigation period, 130 mm of water was applied in 1993 and 120 mm in 1994. Average soil temperature in the top 1000 mm during the early irrigation period was 25 degree C in the EI treatment, compared with 27 degree C in the DI treatment. During the late irrigation period, the average soil temperature was 24.5 degree C for EI and 25.5 degree C for DI. At first bloom, plants were 30 mm taller in 1993 and 70 mm taller in 1994 in the EI irrigation treatment, compared with the DI-L treatment. Lint production was greatest in the DI-L treatment in both years (1548 and 1630 kg/ha), compared with the DI-H treatment (1467 and 1460 kg/ha) and the EI treatment (1447 and 1481 kg/ha). Water use efficiency, based on the total of irrigation and rainfall, averaged 3.33, 2.42, and 2.36 kg lint/ha-mm for the DI-L, DI-H, and EI irrigation treatments, respectively. Initiating automated irrigation scheduling before squaring in cotton increased seedling height but decreased lint yield and the efficiency of use of total applied water. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Mahan, J R AU - Upchurch AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Res. Lab., Route 3, Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 561 EP - 566 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil temperature KW - water stress KW - scheduling KW - cotton KW - agriculture KW - water use efficiency KW - irrigation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Irrigation+starting+time+effects+on+cotton+under+high-frequency+irrigation&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BMahan%2C+J+R%3BUpchurch&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; cotton; scheduling; water stress; water use efficiency; soil temperature; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model of leaf area expansion in field pea subjected to soil water deficits AN - 15680441; 3972186 AB - Yield of field pea (Pisum sativum) is sensitive to soil water deficits. An important component of this sensitivity is the response of leaf area to drought. A simple, mechanistic model was developed to allow predictions of leaf area development in response to soil water deficits. The model calculates leaf areas of individual drought-stressed leaves relative to leaves on well-watered plants as the product of the number of cells and the size of the cells. Therefore, distinct phases of cell division and cell expansion were identified and temporally distinguished in the model. Cell division and cell expansion in the model were both sensitive to the fraction of transpirable soil water. The model proved capable of predicting the temporal development and the final area (r super(2) = 0.91) of individual leaves on pea plants in response to soil water deficits. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Lecoeur, J AU - Wery, J AU - Sinclair, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Agron. Physiol. Lab., Bldg. 164, Univ. Florida, P.O. Box 110840, Gainesville, FL 32611-0840, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 467 EP - 472 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - peas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - soil water KW - crop yield KW - drought KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Model+of+leaf+area+expansion+in+field+pea+subjected+to+soil+water+deficits&rft.au=Lecoeur%2C+J%3BWery%2C+J%3BSinclair%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Lecoeur&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; water stress; drought; crop yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of bacterial antagonists of Erwinia amylovora with antibiotics used to control fire blight AN - 15679052; 3970162 AB - In field experiments, two bacterial antagonists that suppress fire blight, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and a streptomycin-resistant mutant of Erwinia herbicola strain C9-1 (C9-1S), were sprayed onto apple blossom at 30% bloom. Water, streptomycin sulfate, or oxytetracycline were sprayed onto blossoms 2 and 7 days after the antagonist applications to determine the effect of these chemicals on the population dynamics of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S during bloom. Incidences of recovery (the proportion of blossoms supporting detectable bacterial populations) and population sizes of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S on stigmas within individual blossoms were estimated with a dilution plating assay before and after each antibiotic application. Maximum incidences of recovery of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S from blossoms treated subsequently with water ranged from 58 to 100% and 47 to 100%, respectively; average population sizes of both strains were 10 super(4) to 10 super(6) CFU/flower. Streptomycin did not reduce the incidence of recovery or the population size of either antagonist. Oxytetracycline applications made 2 and 7 days after the antagonist applications reduced the incidence of recovery by 23 to 58% and also reduced the population size of both P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S by 10- to 100-fold. In contrast, when the first oxytetracycline treatment was delayed to 7 days after the application of the antagonists, only a slight reduction in the incidence of recovery and the population size of either antagonist was observed. The population dynamics of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S, and presumably the degree of protection that they provide, need not be adversely affected by the concomitant usage of chemical antibiotics within the same season. Optimal integration of biological and chemical methods for suppression of fire blight, however, may require that oxytetracycline applications be delayed until after epiphytic populations of antagonists have become established on flowers. JF - Phytopathology AU - Stockwell, VO AU - Johnson, K B AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA-ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 834 EP - 840 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - fire blight KW - antibiotics KW - streptomycin sulfate KW - oxytetracycline KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - biological control KW - Erwinia herbicola KW - Malus KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15679052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+bacterial+antagonists+of+Erwinia+amylovora+with+antibiotics+used+to+control+fire+blight&rft.au=Stockwell%2C+VO%3BJohnson%2C+K+B%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stockwell&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Erwinia herbicola; Malus; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural by-products as substrates for growth, conidiation and chlamydospore formation by a potential mycoherbicide, Fusarium oxysporum strain EN4 AN - 15675782; 3963368 AB - Characteristics, such as mycelial growth, conidiation and chlamydospore formation, of three distinct variants (EN4-FT, EN4-FF and EN4-S), of the potential mycoherbicide, Fusarium oxysporum, strain EN4 were studied in liquid cultures. Agricultural by-products, such as cornmeal, corn cob, soya bean hull fiber (Dietfiber-Soyfiber), cotton seed embryo flour (Pharmamedia), cane molasses yeast extract and potato dextrose medium were used as substrates. The mycelial growth and conidia and chlamydospore formation were different for the three strains and varied with the substrate used. The quantity of conidia and chlamydospores produced depended on the concentration of the substrates. Irrespective of carbon:nitrogen ratios, chlamydospores were formed readily in liquid media and in greater amount on substrates with low utilizable carbon content (aqueous extracts of soya bean hull fiber and corn cob) than on those with higher utilizable carbon content (potato dextrose broth, aqueous extracts of cotton seeds and molasses yeast extract broth). In liquid cultures, increases in the concentration of substrates high in utilizable carbon resulted in reduced chlamydospore formation; however, this was far less in those with a lower carbon content. The effect on fungal growth characteristics due to the presence or absence of plant fibers in various concentrations of unfiltered and filtered extracts of soya bean hull fiber depended on the fungal variant tested. However, it had a greater effect on viable and microconidial counts than on chlamydospore and macroconidial counts. The viable and microconidial counts were significantly higher in unfiltered than in filtered extracts. The final pH of the liquid cultures (4.1-8.5), after 10 days of growth, was affected by the fungal variant, the substrate used and by the substrate concentration. In liquid cultures with 1% soya bean hull fiber, chlamydospore formation corresponded to an increase in the pH of the medium from 6.0 to 7.7. The interaction between fungal variants, the substrate used and the substrate concentration was highly significant for all the variables tested, indicating that optimization of the production of fungal propagules is complex. Overall, for all three variants, the best substrates for optimum conidiation and chlamydospore formation were aqueous extracts of soya bean hull fiber and corn cob at concentrations of 1-2.5%. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lewis, JA AU - Poch, S M AU - Lumsden, R D AD - USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., BARC-W, Rm. 275, Bldg. 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 263 EP - 275 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - herbicides KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03069:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15675782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Agricultural+by-products+as+substrates+for+growth%2C+conidiation+and+chlamydospore+formation+by+a+potential+mycoherbicide%2C+Fusarium+oxysporum+strain+EN4&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BPoch%2C+S+M%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; herbicides; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biocontrol of damping-off diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum with alginate prills of Gliocladium virens, Trichoderma hamatum and various food bases AN - 15674075; 3963375 AB - Alginate prills were formulated with the biomass of isolates of Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma spp. and various food bases (wheat bran, corn cobs, peanut hulls, soy fiber, castor pomace, cocoa hulls and chitin). Alginate prills with G. virens (Gl-21) biomass and all food bases except cocoa hull meal significantly reduced the damping-off of zinnia in a soil-less mix caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. The prills with bran, soy fiber, castor pomace or chitin resulted in stands similar to those in the non-infested control. In soil, prills with all the food bases and Trichoderma hamatum (TRI-4) biomass controlled the damping-off of cotton caused by R. solani and gave stands comparable to, or better than, those in the non-infested control soil. Prills with all the food bases resulted in a proliferation of Gl-21 in a soil-less mix and of Gl-21 and TRI-4 in soil. Prills with food bases and TRI-4 biomass reduced the survival of R. solani in infested beet seed to less than 30%, with bran and chitin being the most effective food bases; prills with Gl-21 biomass and all food bases also reduced the survival of R. solani in beet seed, but not as much as did prills with TRI-4 biomass. In prills containing wheat bran, soy fiber or chitin, the biocontrol isolate Th-58 (T. harzianum) was almost as effective as TRI-4, but isolate Gl-3 (G. virens) was less effective. There was no significant interaction between the biocontrol fungus and the food base. The results suggest that the intrinsic properties of a selected fungus isolate are more important than some formulation variables in biocontrol. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Lewis, JA AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Locke, J C AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 163 EP - 173 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Trichoderma hamatum KW - damping-off KW - Gliocladium virens KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15674075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Biocontrol+of+damping-off+diseases+caused+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+Pythium+ultimum+with+alginate+prills+of+Gliocladium+virens%2C+Trichoderma+hamatum+and+various+food+bases&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BLocke%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Pythium ultimum; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma hamatum; biological control; damping-off ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 610 kb YAC clone harbors 7 cM of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) DNA that includes the male sterile 14 gene and a hotspot for recombination AN - 15673412; 3961190 AB - Pollen development requires both sporophytic and gametophytic gene expression. We are using a map-based cloning technique to isolate sporophytic genes which, when mutant, cause pollen abortion and a male sterile (ms) phenotype in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). We have genetically characterized one ms locus (ms14) using RFLP analysis and identified flanking markers. High-resolution genomic physical mapping indicates that the ms14 locus is located in a similar to 300 kb region. We have identified a YAC clone with an insert size of similar to 610 kb that contains the ms14-linked markers, reflects the organization of the physical map and therefore most probably contains the ms14 gene. In addition, we present evidence that the relationship between physical and genetic distance in this chromosomal region changes abruptly from similar to 105-140 kb/cM to less than 24 kb/cM, and suggest that the TG393-TG104 region is a hotspot for recombination. JF - Molecular and General Genetics AU - Gorman, S W AU - Banasiak, D AU - Fairley, C AU - Cormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA/ARS, Univ. California-Berkeley, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 5259 VL - 251 IS - 1 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - male sterile 14 gene KW - ms14 locus KW - yeast artificial chromosomes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - hot spots KW - recombination KW - physical mapping KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15673412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+610+kb+YAC+clone+harbors+7+cM+of+tomato+%28Lycopersicon+esculentum%29+DNA+that+includes+the+male+sterile+14+gene+and+a+hotspot+for+recombination&rft.au=Gorman%2C+S+W%3BBanasiak%2C+D%3BFairley%2C+C%3BCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gorman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hot spots; recombination; physical mapping; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pasteurization on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water and milk AN - 15672061; 3955352 AB - Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and has been identified in 78 other species of mammals. The oocyst stage, excreted in feces of infected humans and animals, has been responsible for recent waterborne outbreaks of human cryptosporidiosis. High temperature and long exposure time have been shown to render oocysts (suspended in water) noninfectious, but for practical purposes, it is important to know if high-temperature-short-time conditions (71.7 degree C for 15 s) used in commercial pasteurization are sufficient to destroy infectivity of oocysts. In this study, oocysts were suspended in either water or whole milk and heated to 71.7 degree C for 15, 10, or 5 s in a laboratory-scale pasteurizer. Pasteurized and nonpasteurized (control) oocysts were then tested for the ability to infect infant mice. No mice (0 of 177) given 10 super(5) oocysts pasteurized for 15, 10, or 5 s in either water or milk were found to be infected with C. parvum on the basis of histologic examination of the terminal ileum. In contrast, all (80 of 80) control mice given nonpasteurized oocysts were heavily infected. These data indicate that high-temperature-short-time pasteurization is sufficient to destroy the infectivity of C. parvum oocysts in water and milk. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Harp, JA AU - Fayer, R AU - Pesch, BA AU - Jackson, G J AD - Metabolic Dis. and Immun. Res. Unit, USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2866 EP - 2868 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - pasteurization KW - water KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - protozoa KW - pathogens KW - milk KW - Cryptosporidium KW - oocysts KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15672061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pasteurization+on+infectivity+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts+in+water+and+milk&rft.au=Harp%2C+JA%3BFayer%2C+R%3BPesch%2C+BA%3BJackson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium; oocysts; milk; pathogens; protozoa; pasteurization; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Cladosporium uredinicola in pustules of chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana) AN - 15671734; 3955280 AB - During the last 2 years, chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum cut flowers used in flower arrangements from Brazil was often intercepted by plant protection and quarantine inspectors in Orlando, FL. Close examination of infected cut flowers showed that some pustules were overgrown by Cladosporium uredincola Speg. Morphologically our isolate agrees with the description by Ellis (Commonw. Mycol. Inst. 1976) and with all the other isolates of C. uredincola we observed. In 1976, Ellis noted that C. uredincola was a hyperparasite of Puccinia spp. In 1983, J. A. Traquair reported C. uredincola to be a necrotrophic hyperparasite of spores and mycelium of Puccinia violae (Schumach.) DC. In Orlando, FL, during the period between January 1994 and June 1995, 70 samples of chrysanthemum cut flowers infected with P. horiana were examined by stereo-microscope (each sample consisted of a single leaf or stem or flower head with a single rust pustule). Twenty percent of these samples were found to have C. uredincola growing on pustules of white rust with no visible effect on the plant tissues. Some pustules (10%) were completely covered by C. uredincola. Close examination of these pustules by light microscopy (40 and 65x) showed that P. horiana teliospores were penetrated by C. uredincola hyphae. This is the first report of C. uredincola on P. horiana in nature. We may have found a more aggressive strain of C. uredincola than that previously used by Traquair. JF - Plant Disease AU - Sheta, W AD - USDA, APHIS, PPQ 9317 Tradeport Dr., Orlando, FL 32733, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 599 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cladosporium uredinicola KW - Puccinia horiana KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - white rust KW - Chrysanthemum KW - hyperparasitism KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Cladosporium+uredinicola+in+pustules+of+chrysanthemum+white+rust+%28Puccinia+horiana%29&rft.au=Sheta%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sheta&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=599&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysanthemum; hyperparasitism; white rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Gloeotinia temulenta on tall fescue in Oregon AN - 15671365; 3956795 AB - Seed with 75 to 80% germination from a 1994 harvest of a field of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.), cv. Fawn, and a field of cv. Martin, located near Shedd, OR, were examined for presence of Gloeotinia temulenta (Prill. & Delacr.) M. Wilson, M. Noble, & E. Gray. Gloeotinia temulenta is a seed pathogen that reduces seed germination and causes blind seed in grasses. Gloeotinia temulenta infection was found in 10 to 20% of the seed. Percent infection was based on four samples of 96 seed, placed individually in 96-well plates and covered with 0.2 ml of water. After incubation at 22 degree C for 1 h, a pink deposit of conidia at the bottom of some wells was indicative of seed infection. Conidia of G. temulenta were confirmed by microscopic examination. Seed from the 1995 harvest were collected from the fields sampled in 1994 and from three additional fields of Fawn located nearby. Infected seed per field ranged from 16 to 27% in 1995. This is the first occurrence of high levels of infection of G. temulenta in Oregon since 1958. Factors that may have contributed to the resurgence of blind seed include a state mandated reduction in open field burning (a practice used by growers to control blind seed and rid fields of straw residue); fields remaining in production more than 5 years; late harvest, which results in heavier seed but increases seed shatter, leaving more infected seed in the field; partial in-field cleaning during combining, which leaves lightweight seed in the field as an inoculum source; and early maturity of cvs. Fawn and Martin, which flower in late spring when prolonged rainy periods can occur, providing conditions favorable for ascospore production and disease development. All of these factors occurred in the 1994 to 1995 crop years. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Production Res. Cent., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Festuca arundinaceae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gloeotinia temulenta KW - USA, Oregon KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Gloeotinia+temulenta+on+tall+fescue+in+Oregon&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gloeotinia temulenta; USA, Oregon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cercospora beticola strains from sugar beet tolerant to triphenyltin hydroxide and resistant to thiophanate methyl AN - 15670763; 3956786 AB - Strains of Cercospora beticola Sacc., which cause leaf spot on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), developed resistance (growth rate similar on unamended and fungicide amended media) to benzimidazole-type systemic fungicides in the 1970s (1). The replacement protective fungicide was triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH). A decrease of disease control with TPTH in 1994 in Minnesota prompted a survey in 1995 to estimate the prevalence and distribution of possible tin-tolerant strains (growth rate greater than sensitive isolates on fungicide amended media, but less than on unamended media). Using a micropipette, conidia from single leaf spots were suspended in 3 mu l of water and aliquoted to each of four culture dishes containing potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.2, 1.0 TPTH or 5 mu g ml super(-1) of the systemic fungicide thiophanate methyl (TM), or unamended. Occasionally, colonies from conidia from the same leaf spot grew on both 1 mu g ml super(-1) TPTH and 5 mu g ml super(-1) TM. Three to six hyphal-tip cultures were established from each of 12 colonies that exhibited resistance to TM and tolerance to TPTH. All of the hyphal-tip colonies (61) grew on 1 mu g ml super(-1) TPTH with mean linear growth that was inhibited 64%, compared with the sensitive isolates, and on 5 mu g ml super(-1) TM with mean linear growth that was inhibited 4%, compared with the sensitive isolates. Of 41 isolates that were sensitive to both fungicides, mean linear growth was inhibited 91% on 1 mu g ml super(-1) TPTH and 100% on 5 mu g ml super(-1) TM. Measures to control leaf spot with these fungicides should proceed with caution in light of this finding of multiple resistance in C. beticola. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bugbee, WM AD - USDA, ARS, Northern Crop Sci. Lab., 1307 18th St. N., Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 103 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - triphenyltin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - leafspot KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Cercospora beticola KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15670763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Cercospora+beticola+strains+from+sugar+beet+tolerant+to+triphenyltin+hydroxide+and+resistant+to+thiophanate+methyl&rft.au=Bugbee%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Bugbee&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cercospora beticola; Beta vulgaris; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eolian sediments generated by anthropogenic disturbance of playas: Human impacts on the geomorphic system and geomorphic impacts on the human system AN - 15669691; 3956765 AB - In many of the Earth's arid and semiarid lands, saline lakes, playas, and similar landforms are disturbed as a result of human activity. Diversion and/or consumptive use of surface or groundwaters has created the effect of a climate change in numerous drainage basins, resulting in the desiccation of lakes and reactivation of eolian processes at many locations. Playas are natural sites for extensive eolian activity because of the deposition of clastic and chemical sediments in basins by surface water (via fluvial transport) and groundwater (via efflorescence). Wind erosion and deposition of playa sediments has had a major role in the development of landforms and sedimentary units in the present (lunette fields worldwide; Simpson Desert, Australia) and geological past, from the Triassic (Mercia Mudstone, England) to the Quaternary (Lahontan Basin and Cima Volcanic Field, USA). Anthropogenic disturbance or desiccation of playa systems has resulted in the eolian transport of sand (e.g. Lop Nor, China; Konya Basin, Turkey; Rajasthan, India; Kappakoola, Australia; several sites in West Africa) and/or dust (e.g. Aral Sea, Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan; Old Wives Lake, Canada; Kara Bogaz Gol, (ex-)USSR; Lake Texcoco, Mexico; Owens (dry) Lake, Mono Lake and other playas, USA). Typically, this is accomplished by abstraction of water and/or removal of vegetation from terminal lake basins. An extensive review of the literature documents many examples and/or potential examples of such phenomena in numerous nations. The reactivation of eolian processes from closed basins produces air pollution in the form of fugitive dust (naturally occurring compounds released into the atmosphere by human actions), and has significant environmental and economic impacts on human activities in the surrounding areas. Restoration or mitigation of degraded land on or surrounding playas has been accomplished at Lake Texcoco, Kara Bogaz Gol and the Konya Basin, and is being actively implemented at Mono Lake, Owens (dry) Lake and the Aral Sea. JF - Geomorphology AU - Gill, TE AD - Wind Erosion Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Route 3, Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 207 EP - 228 VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - eolian transport KW - arid environments KW - anthropogenic factors KW - playas KW - climatic changes KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15669691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Eolian+sediments+generated+by+anthropogenic+disturbance+of+playas%3A+Human+impacts+on+the+geomorphic+system+and+geomorphic+impacts+on+the+human+system&rft.au=Gill%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - eolian transport; anthropogenic factors; arid environments; playas; climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical transmission of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus to young trees of Nemaguard peach and Nanking cherry AN - 15667611; 3956791 AB - Field isolates of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) were obtained from almond (P. dulcis (Mill.) D. Webb) and nectarine (P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Aiton) Maxim.) trees by sap-inoculations on cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.). The virus isolates were partially purified from cucumber tissues and the preparations stored at -22 degree C in TAE (40 mM Tris, adjusted to ph 7.8, with 1 M acetic acid, and then add EDTA to 1.0 mM) buffer-glycerol mixture. Prior to use, the virus preparations were diluted to OD sub(260) of 5.0 with TAE buffer. One-year-old test seedlings of Nemaguard peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C. K. Schneid.) and Nanking cherry (P. tomentosa Thunb.) were assayed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (2) for PNRSV and prune dwarf virus presence, and were determined to be virus-free. Inoculations of the test seedlings were completed either by making multiple deep slashes (1) into the bark with a contaminated razor blade (cuts made through three separate 25- mu l droplets of virus inoculum or TAE buffer), or by rubbing the exposed cambium surfaces on lifted bark flaps and exposed woody cylinders (three per tree) with the tip of a glass rod dipped in inocula; bark flaps were repositioned onto the tree stem and tied with a rubber wrap. Also, cotyledons of cucumber seedlings were dusted with corundum abrasive, rubbed with virus inocula or buffer control, and plants recorded for symptoms development at 12 to 14 days postinoculation (PI). Based on the number of diseased cucumber plants, infectivity potentials of the virus inocula for PNRSV isolates from nectarine and almond were 50 and 85%, respectively. Cucumber plants rubbed with buffer controls remained healthy. Initial disease symptoms on the inoculated test seedlings were observed approximately 8 weeks PI and consisted of mottling and shot-holing (shock symptoms) of small clusters of leaves. With PNRSV-almond, three Nemaguard (total 10 inoculated) and three Nanking (five inoculated) test seedlings developed symptoms; two trees were infected by razor-blade slashes and four by the cambial-rubbing procedure. With PNRSV-nectarine, only one razor-slashed peach tree became infected. Virus infections in all symptomatic trees were confirmed by ELISA (2) with A sub(405) values ranging from 0.25 to 1.40 for virus-inoculated trees and 0.01 for buffer-control trees and by positive responses when diseased bud grafts were conducted on Shirofugen flowering cherry (P. serrulata Lindl.), a known indicator host for PNRSV. Following tree dormancy and budbreak, all trees were reassayed by ELISA and two additional Nanking cherry tested positive: both razor-inoculated and one each of PNRSV-almond and -nectarine PNRSV isolates. These results indicate that PNRSV can be easily transmitted to perennial host plants by slash cuts in bark tissues or by rubbing inocula onto cambial surfaces of the bark and underlying woody cylinder. JF - Plant Disease AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Rowhani, A AU - Luhn, C F AD - USDA-ARS and Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 104 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Prunus tomentosa KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Prunus necrotic ringspot virus KW - Prunus persica KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mechanical+transmission+of+Prunus+necrotic+ringspot+virus+to+young+trees+of+Nemaguard+peach+and+Nanking+cherry&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BRowhani%2C+A%3BLuhn%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus necrotic ringspot virus; Prunus persica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aptness of insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis and carbofuran) with endophytic Beauveria bassiana, in suppressing larval populations of the European corn borer AN - 15667438; 3953047 AB - Research was conducted in 1989 and 1990 to determine if Beauveria bassiana in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran is an effective tactic for season-long management of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. A granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana was applied to corn at whorl stage (V6) and/or at pollen-shed stage (R1) corn. Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was then applied to the same plants. Beauveria bassiana reduced larval populations of O. nubilalis when the fungus was applied to corn during both the whorl stage and the pollen-shed stage. When either Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was added to plants treated with Beauveria bassiana, there was increased mortality of O. nubilalis. Although Beauveria bassiana alone reduced O. nubilalis tunneling, mostly damage was further reduced when Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was applied to whorl-stage corn. When applied to pollen-shedding corn, Beauveria bassiana reduced tunneling but had no significant effect on yield, unless Bacillus thuringiensis was added. Although Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, and carbofuran reduced tunneling by first generation O. nubilalis, increased yields did not always result. Tunneling by second-generation O. nubilalis was significantly reduced by Beauveria bassiana in both years of all experiments. Even so, yields were variable in all experiments which indicated that a number of abiotic and biotic factors, aside from insects, affected yields. This study is the first to document compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with a chemical insecticide. Yield data indicate that endophytic Beauveria bassiana is not a plant pathogen. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Lewis, L C AU - Berry, E C AU - Obrycki, J J AU - Bing, LA AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Genet. Lab., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 27 EP - 34 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - carbofuran KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - pathogenicity KW - Lepidoptera KW - insecticides KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - USA, Iowa KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Aptness+of+insecticides+%28Bacillus+thuringiensis+and+carbofuran%29+with+endophytic+Beauveria+bassiana%2C+in+suppressing+larval+populations+of+the+European+corn+borer&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C%3BBerry%2C+E+C%3BObrycki%2C+J+J%3BBing%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Beauveria bassiana; Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; USA, Iowa; pathogenicity; insecticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to 12,15-, 12,16- and 12,17-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acids with Bacillus sp. U88 AN - 15667151; 3954970 JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Huang, J-K AU - Keudell, K C AU - Seong, Su-Jin AU - Klopfenstein, W E AU - Wen, L AU - Bagby, MO AU - Norton, R A AU - Vesonder, R F AD - Res. Leader, NCAUR, USDA, ARS. 1815 N. Univ. St. Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 193 EP - 198 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid KW - dihydroxyoctadecanoic acids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacillus KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+12-hydroxyoctadecanoic+acid+to+12%2C15-%2C+12%2C16-+and+12%2C17-dihydroxyoctadecanoic+acids+with+Bacillus+sp.+U88&rft.au=Huang%2C+J-K%3BKeudell%2C+K+C%3BSeong%2C+Su-Jin%3BKlopfenstein%2C+W+E%3BWen%2C+L%3BBagby%2C+MO%3BNorton%2C+R+A%3BVesonder%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J-K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ponderosa pine seedling response to planting-site soil fumigation and fungicide application AN - 15666887; 3954885 AB - Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) was used as a biological model to determine the effects of planting site soil fumigation and fungicide applications on stock planted in moderately-fertile soils of the Intermountain West of the United States. Five soil fumigation (Vapam) treatments, singularly and in combination with fungicide (triadimefon) applications, were compared to a control. Growth characteristics, nutrition, and ectomycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. Seedlings were significantly taller in the spring fumigation treatment at the end of four growing seasons. Greatest ectomycorrhizal colonization occurred in the non-fumigated treatment with fungicide applied before planting. Generally, spring or fall fumigation treatments, without fungicide applications, produced the tallest seedlings. These results suggest that soil fumigation applications before outplanting could improve early performance of ponderosa pine when reforesting sites with abundant, native ectomycorrhizal inoculum. It also suggests that if fumigation is impractical, reduction of vegetative competition may give similar growth gains. Elimination of non-native ectomycorrhizae in the nursery may improve colonization after outplanting. JF - Northwest Science AU - Page-Dumroese, D S AU - Harvey, A E AU - Jurgensen, M F AU - Larsen, MJ AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 147 VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - ectoycorrhizas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - fungicides KW - growth KW - seedlings KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15666887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Ponderosa+pine+seedling+response+to+planting-site+soil+fumigation+and+fungicide+application&rft.au=Page-Dumroese%2C+D+S%3BHarvey%2C+A+E%3BJurgensen%2C+M+F%3BLarsen%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Page-Dumroese&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; USA, Idaho; seedlings; growth; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory tract disease and mucosal colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica in transported cattle AN - 15666641; 3955823 AB - The tonsil is a reservoir for Pasteurella haemolytica (PH) in healthy cattle. Selective proliferation of PH serotype (ST) 1 often is rapid in the nasopharynx of calves during transport and during virus-induced illness. This selective proliferation is a likely prerequisite for development of pneumonic pasteurellosis. In a prior experiment, nasal secretion (NS) and tonsil wash (TW) specimens obtained from 100 healthy calves at a single farm yielded 7 isolates of PH ST1 and ST3 of PH ST2. The calves were vaccinated with a killed PH ST1 vaccine at the farm and again 100 days later before they were transported by truck to a feedyard. At the feedyard, even though respiratory tract disease (RTD) did not develop, PH ST1 were isolated from the upper respiratory tract of 24.4% of the vaccinates and 84.1% of the nonvaccinates. The objectives of the study reported here were to again determine the prevalence of PH in healthy calves at the farm, follow the PH infection in calves through the marketing process, and determine the effect of vaccination on PH colonization of the upper respiratory tract and on the incidence of RTD. Calves from 4 farms were used in an attempt to include a more diverse PH population. Calves were vaccinated on the farm, but in contrast to the prior experiment, were not vaccinated again until after transport to the feedyard. For a marker to follow the spread of PH at the feedyard, a PH ST1 strain with genetic markers that differentiate it from other PH isolates and allow inhibitory medium to be used for its selection was instilled into the tonsillar sinuses of 12 of 100 calves after transport to the feedyard. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Frank, G H AU - Briggs, R E AU - Loan, R W AU - Purdy, C W AU - Zehr, E S AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1317 EP - 1320 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - tonsil KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15666641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Respiratory+tract+disease+and+mucosal+colonization+by+Pasteurella+haemolytica+in+transported+cattle&rft.au=Frank%2C+G+H%3BBriggs%2C+R+E%3BLoan%2C+R+W%3BPurdy%2C+C+W%3BZehr%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; respiratory tract diseases; tonsil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age at vaccination on efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51 to protect cattle against brucellosis AN - 15665809; 3958779 AB - To establish that female calves vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 at 3, 5, and 7 months of age are protected against infection and abortion when challenged exposed during their first pregnancy. Calves were inoculated SC at 3, 5, or 7 months of age with strain RB51 (n = 26), strain 19 (n = 16), or sterile saline solution (n = 15). Calves were bred at 16 to 17 months of age and challenged exposed during the first pregnancy with virulent B abortus strain 2308. After vaccination, none of the heifers given strain RB51 developed serum antibodies that reacted in the standard tube agglutination test, but reacted in a dotblot assay, using RB51 antigen. B abortus was cultured from biopsy specimens of superficial cervical lymph nodes in the RB51 and S19 vaccinates at 10 weeks, but not at 12 weeks after vaccination. All 4 heifers that had been vaccinated with RB51 at 3 months of age were protected against infection and abortion when challenged exposed. Vaccination at 5 and 7 months of age gave equivalent protection. Heifers given strain 19 were 95% protected and controls (given saline solution) had a high incidence of infection and abortion. Strain RB51 is protective at doses comparable to those of strain 19 in calves 3 to 10 months of age. Immunogenicity and failure to induce antibodies that interfere with the serologic diagnosis of field infections of B abortus make strain RB51 an effective vaccine. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Cheville, N F AU - Olsen, S C AU - Jensen, A E AU - Stevens, M G AU - Palmer, M V AU - Florance, A M AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Brucellosis Res. Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1153 EP - 1156 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age+at+vaccination+on+efficacy+of+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51+to+protect+cattle+against+brucellosis&rft.au=Cheville%2C+N+F%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BFlorance%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Cheville&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; brucellosis; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology and habitat use of the Mazama pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) in the Puget Sound area, Washington AN - 15665746; 3954881 AB - The ecology and distribution of the Mazama pocket gopher is poorly understood and several subspecies are being considered for state and federal protection. We studied Mazama pocket gophers near Olympia, Washington from February-April 1992 and in April 1995 to describe their biology and habitat use as part of a larger assessment of experimental population control methods. Males were significantly larger than females in mass and standard body measurements. Gophers from two sites, Lacey and Olympia, Washington, had similar physical measurements, although gophers near Lacey weighed more and had longer tail and hind foot lengths, while gophers near Olympia had longer ear lengths. Olympia males had longer baculum lengths. The capture of pregnant and lactating females and dual occupancy of some burrows by males and females indicated that breeding activities were underway during this period. There was a nearly 1:1 sex ratio of males to females. Densities were lower (10/ha) near Lacey in an orchard with mowed grass and forb understory and past population control than for an unexploited population at the Olympia site (60/ha), containing a Christmas tree plantation with an understory of orchard grass and the invasive, introduced Scotch broom. Food caches occurred about 53 cm in depth and held about 200-250 g of root cuttings (2,500 g maximum), indicating that gophers in the area fed heavily on thistle and Scotch broom. Pocket gophers reinvaded 22 of 25 (88%) burrow systems within 10 weeks after removal trapping. The conflicting goals of population control to reduce agricultural damage versus protection of rare or threatened pocket gopher subspecies requires better information on taxonomy, distribution, and population status of subspecies. Limited home range sizes (108 m super(2) for males; 97 m super(2) for females), dependence upon common herbaceous and woody foods, and rapid reinvasion rates suggest that rare subspecies may be readily managed if taxonomic and population issues are clarified. JF - Northwest Science AU - Witmer, G W AD - USDA/APHIS Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6410, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 93 EP - 98 VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - food plants KW - Thomomys mazama KW - habitat utilization KW - taxonomy KW - recolonization KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Biology+and+habitat+use+of+the+Mazama+pocket+gopher+%28Thomomys+mazama%29+in+the+Puget+Sound+area%2C+Washington&rft.au=Witmer%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Witmer&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thomomys mazama; USA, Washington; habitat utilization; recolonization; taxonomy; food plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of soybean plants from embryogenic suspension cultures treated with toxic culture filtrate of Fusarium solani and screening of regenerants for resistance AN - 15664599; 3952573 AB - Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures established from immature cotyledons of four cultivars were selected for resistance to a toxic culture filtrate of Fusarium solani, the causal agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean. The embryogenic cultures were challenged with the fungal culture filtrates for 1 to 2 months. Many well-developed somatic embryos formed when the toxin-selected embryogenic cultures were incubated on regeneration medium; however, only a few plants were regenerated from three cultivars, whereas 98 plants were regenerated from cv. Jack embryos. The regenerants that survived were grown to maturity to obtain more seeds for screening plants for resistance to SDS. In the first experiment, the R sub(1) (187, first-selfed generation) and R sub(2) (225, second-selfed generation) plants of cv. Jack regenerants, resistant line PI520.733, and cvs. Jack, Great Lakes 3202, and Ripley were inoculated with a F. solani SDS isolate and rated on a 1 to 5 scale. The regenerants had significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean disease ratings than two of the three cultivars but did not differ from PI520.733. In the second experiment, R sub(3) plants (990 from cv. Jack and 53 from cv. Spencer) were screened for SDS resistance. The regenerants did not differ significantly from the other cultivars/lines in mean disease severity ratings, although a greater percentage of regenerants (Jack and Spencer R sub(3) combined) had disease severity ratings of 1 and 2 than did the soybean cultivars tested but not greater than PI520.733. The regenerants with lower disease severity ratings were grown to maturity to produce more seeds that will be used to screen plants for SDS resistance and for crossing to determine how heritable and useful the resistance is in these regenerants. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jin, H AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AU - Nickell, C D AU - Widholm, J M AD - USDA/ARS and Dep. Crop Sci., UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 714 EP - 718 VL - 86 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - sudden death syndrome KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - embryos KW - suspension culture KW - Glycine max KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15664599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+soybean+plants+from+embryogenic+suspension+cultures+treated+with+toxic+culture+filtrate+of+Fusarium+solani+and+screening+of+regenerants+for+resistance&rft.au=Jin%2C+H%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H%3BNickell%2C+C+D%3BWidholm%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; embryos; suspension culture; Glycine max; Fusarium solani ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of a characterized continuous-flow culture of cecal bacteria on Salmonella typhimurium crop colonization in broiler chicks AN - 15663677; 3953488 AB - Broiler chicks were inoculated orally at 1 day of age with a continuous-flow (CF) culture of anaerobic cecal bacteria and challenged with 10 super(4) Salmonella typhimurium 48 hr (at 3 days old) after inoculation to determine the effect of the CF culture (CF3) on Salmonella crop colonization. Chicks were assigned to four groups: 1) untreated control chicks, 2) challenged at 3 days old with Salmonella, 3) inoculated at 1 day old (day-of-hatch) with CF3, and 4) inoculated at 1 day old with CF3 and challenged at 3 days old with Salmonella. Crop pH decreased significantly (P < 0.05) 24 hr after inoculation in chicks provided with CF3. The pH of crops at 24 hr from control chicks (group 1) was 5.4 and the pH of crops from inoculated chicks (group 3) was 4.7. Decreased pH was accompanied by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in crop lactic acid from approximately 0.1 mmol/ml in control chicks to about 0.2 mmol/ml in chicks given the culture. Salmonella crop colonization decreased (P < 0.05) 4 hr after challenge from a 2.6 log sub(10) colony-forming units (cfu) in Salmonella-control (group 2) chicks to 0.6 log sub(10) cfu in CF3-inoculated (group 4) chicks. Although at 4 and 8 hr after challenge, there were decreased (P < 0.05) numbers of crops testing culture-positive for Salmonella regardless of treatment, Salmonella colonization decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks inoculated with CF3 as compared with controls. The results indicated that CF3 can effectively reduce Salmonella crop colonization. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Hume, ME AU - Hollister, A G AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Corrier, DE AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 391 EP - 397 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - animal breeding KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - pH KW - culture KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15663677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+characterized+continuous-flow+culture+of+cecal+bacteria+on+Salmonella+typhimurium+crop+colonization+in+broiler+chicks&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BHollister%2C+A+G%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; colonization; culture; pH; animal breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of conventional cotton storage on dust generation potential, bacterial survival, and endotoxin content of lint and dust AN - 15659258; 3941839 AB - Because of the use and usefulness of stored cotton in research, a survey was conducted to determine the effects of storage time on bacterial populations on cotton lint. After the initial investigation, the survey was extended to include the effects of storage on endotoxin and cotton dust levels. Total bacterial and Gram-negative bacterial populations were determined for cottons stored from 0-11 years. Both total counts and Gram-negative counts decreased significantly (p 0.05). Lint and cotton dust endotoxin contents and the potential airborne endotoxin load remained relatively stable for cotton stored up to 12 years; but for cottons stored more than nine years, lint endotoxin decreases occurred. JF - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine AU - Chun, DTW AU - Perkins, HH Jr AD - Cotton Quality Res. Stn., USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 792, Clemson, SC 29633, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 25 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cotton KW - endotoxins KW - agriculture KW - bacteria KW - dust KW - crops KW - storage KW - H SE2.8.7:DUST UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15659258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+conventional+cotton+storage+on+dust+generation+potential%2C+bacterial+survival%2C+and+endotoxin+content+of+lint+and+dust&rft.au=Chun%2C+DTW%3BPerkins%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=DTW&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dust; bacteria; crops; cotton; endotoxins; storage; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese peroxidase mRNA and enzyme activity levels during bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 15658858; 3948470 AB - mRNA extraction from soil and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription-PCR were combined to study the expression of three manganese peroxidase (MnP) genes during removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in presterilized soil. Periods of high mnp transcript levels and extractable MnP enzyme activity were temporally correlated, although separated by a short (1- to 2-day) lag period. This time frame also coincided with maximal rates of fluorene oxidation and chrysene disappearance in soil cultures, supporting the hypothesis that high ionization potential polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are oxidized in soil via MnP-dependent mechanisms. The patterns of transcript abundance over time in soil-grown P. chrysosporium were similar for all three of the mnp mRNAs studied, indicating that transcription of this gene family may be coordinately regulated under these growth conditions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bogan, B W AU - Schoenike, B AU - Lamar, R T AU - Cullen, D AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2381 EP - 2386 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - manganese peroxidase KW - mRNA KW - MnP gene KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - bioremediation KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - soil KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Manganese+peroxidase+mRNA+and+enzyme+activity+levels+during+bioremediation+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-contaminated+soil+with+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Bogan%2C+B+W%3BSchoenike%2C+B%3BLamar%2C+R+T%3BCullen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bogan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation; soil; bioremediation; soil remediation; mRNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological potential of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils AN - 15658652; 3946857 AB - The suitability of the fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity (FDA) assay for determining the biological potential (ie fungal biomass produced per unit of substrate) of solid pelleted fungal inoculum intended for use in the bioaugmentation of contaminated soils with white-rot fungi, was evaluated. FDA activity of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on pelleted substrates and on agar was found to be proportional to quantities of fungal ergesterol and fungal dry matter, respectively. Inoculum biological potential was found to be greatly influenced by substrate formulation and structure, and temperature. Biological potential and the type of carrier influenced the ability of P. chrysosporium to tolerate pentachlorophenol (PCP). Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor introduced into PCP-contaminated soil on pellets with higher biological potential and higher nitrogen content (C:N ratio of 50:1), did not remove PCP more efficiently than when the fungi were introduced on pellets with a lower biological potential (C:N ratio of 309:1). However, under the latter conditions most of the PCP was transformed to pentachloroanisole (PCA). In soil inoculated with T. versicolor on pellets with high biological potential, higher manganese peroxidase activity was detected compared to soil inoculated with pellets with a lower biological potential. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lestan, M AU - Chapelle, JA AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochemical Technol., USDA, Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 286 EP - 294 VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Trametes versicolor KW - bioremediation KW - soil KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biological+potential+of+fungal+inocula+for+bioaugmentation+of+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLestan%2C+M%3BChapelle%2C+JA%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; soil; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Trametes versicolor ER - TY - CONF T1 - Application of the USDA Forest Service national hierarchical framework of ecological units at the sub-regional level: The New England-New York example AN - 15658279; 3948662 AB - Ecological regionalization according to the USDA Forest Service National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units was undertaken for the New England-New York region. A topdown, map-overlay approach was used to map sections and subsections. Where available, landscape level units (LTAs) were aggregated and evaluated to supplement the subsection mapping. A regional collaborative effort was undertaken to counterbalance the shortfalls of a purely mechanistic approach. As a result of this process, 17 section and 58 draft subsection units were delineated for the New England-New York region. The sub-regional units developed reflect the strong correspondence among climate, topography and geography at this scale. Geologic factors, due to their influence on landform and mineral availability, are also reflected in the ecological unit boundaries. Efforts to apply the multifactor model at the sub-regional level have been hampered by the lack of scale appropriate information on a number of factors particularly meso-scale climate and potential natural community composition and distribution. Further research and investigation are required before these criterion are adequately met. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Smith, M-L AU - Carpenter, C Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 187 EP - 198 VL - 39 IS - 1-3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem management KW - mapping KW - resource management KW - USA, Northeast KW - land classification KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+USDA+Forest+Service+national+hierarchical+framework+of+ecological+units+at+the+sub-regional+level%3A+The+New+England-New+York+example&rft.au=Smith%2C+M-L%3BCarpenter%2C+C&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M-L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Brochothrix thermosphacta on beef surfaces following immobilization of nisin in calcium alginate gels AN - 15658099; 3943794 AB - Lean and adipose beef carcass tissues inoculated with Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT) (approx. 4.50 log sub(10) cfu cm super(-2)) were left untreated (U) or treated with 100 mu g ml super(-1) nisin (N), calcium alginate (A) or 100 mu g ml super(-1) nisin immobilized in a calcium alginate gel (AN). Tissue samples were refrigerated after treatments and bacterial populations and nisin activity were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 7 d. U, A and N treatments of lean and adipose tissues did not suppress bacterial growth (>6 log sub(10) cfu cm super(-2) by day 7) while treatments of lean and adipose tissues with AN suppressed bacteria (>2.42 log sub(10) cfu cm super(-2) by day 7). Bacteriocin titres from both tissues were higher in AN vs N samples after the 7 d incubation. This study demonstrates that immobilization of nisin in a gel may be a more effective delivery system of a bacteriocin to the carcass surface than direct application. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., PO Box 166, Spur 18D, Clay Cent., NE 68993, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 12 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antimicrobial activity KW - Brochothrix thermosphacta KW - beef KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Brochothrix+thermosphacta+on+beef+surfaces+following+immobilization+of+nisin+in+calcium+alginate+gels&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brochothrix thermosphacta; antimicrobial activity; beef ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anabolic incorporation of oxalate by Oxalobacter formigenes AN - 15655684; 3949013 AB - Cell-free lysates of the strict anaerobe Oxalobacter formigenes contained the following enzymatic activities: oxalyl coenzyme A reductase, glyoxylate carboligase, tartronic semialdehyde reductase, and glycerate kinase. NAD(P)-linked formate dehydrogenase, serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, and NAD(P) transhydrogenase activities were not detected. These results support the hypothesis that O. formigenes assimilates carbon from oxalate by using the glycerate pathway, whereby oxalate is reduced to 3-phosphoglycerate before entering common biosynthetic pathways. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cornick, NA AU - Allison, MJ AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3011 EP - 3013 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - oxalic acid KW - oxalyl-CoA reductase KW - tartronate-semialdehyde synthase KW - 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase KW - glycerate kinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oxalobacter formigenes KW - carbon sources KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15655684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Anabolic+incorporation+of+oxalate+by+Oxalobacter+formigenes&rft.au=Cornick%2C+NA%3BAllison%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Cornick&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxalobacter formigenes; carbon sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Arcobacter spp. in ground pork by modified plating methods AN - 15655274; 3948985 AB - A modified cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) medium was developed for the recovery of Arcobacter spp. from meats. Modified CIN was compared to brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and cephalothin, vancomycin, and amphotericin B (CVA) as well as brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and no antibiotics. The three media were used to recover Arcobacter spp. in a survey of pork-processing plants. Examination of ground pork (149 samples) from one Iowa slaughter facility (Plant #1) revealed that 89 percent of the samples were positive for Arcobacter spp. In a second survey conducted 9 months later involving that same plant and four others, only 5% of the samples from the four plants were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. Again, 90% of the samples were positive from Plant #1. It was not determined whether the sanitary practices during slaughter or the rearing of pigs on the source farms contributed to the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in one plant versus another. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Collins, C I AU - Wesley, I V AU - Murano, E A AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 448 EP - 452 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - enteritis KW - food contamination KW - media (isolation) KW - pork KW - Arcobacter KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15655274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Arcobacter+spp.+in+ground+pork+by+modified+plating+methods&rft.au=Collins%2C+C+I%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BMurano%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arcobacter; food contamination; media (isolation); pork; enteritis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ecosystem approach to fish and wildlife conservation AN - 15652862; 3948060 JF - Ecological Applications AU - Beattie, M AD - USDA Dep. Interior Fish and Wildl. Serv., 1849 C St., NW, Washington, DC 20240-0001, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 696 EP - 699 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - nature conservation KW - ecosystem management KW - wildlife conservation KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15652862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=An+ecosystem+approach+to+fish+and+wildlife+conservation&rft.au=Beattie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Forum: Perspectives on ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policy; ecosystem management; wildlife conservation; nature conservation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Classification of local- and landscape-scale ecological types in the Southern Appalachian Mountains AN - 15651536; 3948134 AB - Five local ecological types based on vegetative communities and two landscape types based on groups of communities, were identified by integrating landform, soil, and vegetation components using multivariate techniques. Elevation and several topographic and soil variables were highly correlated with types of both scales. Landscape ecological types based only on landform and soil variables without vegetation did not correspond with types developed using vegetation. Models developed from these relationships could allow classification and mapping of extensive areas using geographic information systems. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - McNab, W H Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 215 EP - 229 VL - 39 IS - 1-3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forest management KW - community composition KW - USA, North Carolina KW - vegetation surveys KW - land classification KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15651536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Classification+of+local-+and+landscape-scale+ecological+types+in+the+Southern+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=McNab%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exopolysaccharides of the plant pathogens Pseudomonas corrugata and P. flavescens and the saprophyte P. chlororaphis AN - 15650934; 3943126 AB - The rRNA-DNA homology group I pseudomonads Pseudomonas asplenii, P. corrugata, P. flavescens (plant pathogens), P. alcaligenes, P. pseudoalcaligenes subsp. pseudoalcaligenes (opportunistic human pathogens), P. aureofaciens and P. chlororaphis (saprophytes) were examined for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) when cultured on various solid and liquid complex media with glucose, glycerol or gluconate as primary sources of carbon. All three strains (388, 717 and ATCC 29736) of P. corrugata produced alginate, a polyuronan. An EPS composed of glucose, fucose, mannose and an unidentified uronic acid substituted with lactic acid was produced by one (B62) of two strains of P. flavescens. Of four strains of P. chlororaphis tested, only strain NRRL B-2075 produced EPS. The extracellular material purified by anion-exchange chromatography appeared to be a mixture of alginate plus an acidic hexosamine-containing polymer(s). Production of EPS by the other pseudomonads was not supported by any of the media tested. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - Fett, W F AU - Cescutti, P AU - Wijey, C AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - exopolysaccharides KW - alginic acid KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ion-exchange chromatography KW - Pseudomonas chlororaphis KW - Pseudomonas flavescens KW - Pseudomonas corrugata KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15650934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Exopolysaccharides+of+the+plant+pathogens+Pseudomonas+corrugata+and+P.+flavescens+and+the+saprophyte+P.+chlororaphis&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F%3BCescutti%2C+P%3BWijey%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas corrugata; Pseudomonas flavescens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; ion-exchange chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model study of a roller compacted concrete stepped spillway AN - 15647303; 3944681 AB - Studies were conducted with a two-dimensional 1:20 scale model of a roller compacted concrete stepped spillway to evaluate the flow transition from the level spillway crest to the sloping steps, the energy dissipation of the steps, and performance of the proposed stilling basin. The steps were effective in dissipating energy. At maximum discharge, 14.5 m super(3)/s/m (156 ft super(3)/s/ft), the energy dissipation with the steps was 48% compared with an energy dissipation of 20% for the spillway with a smooth chute surface. At 5.81 m super(3)/s/m (62.5 ft super(3)/s/ft), the energy dissipation with the steps was 71% compared with 25% with a smooth chute surface. The energy dissipation caused by the steps significantly reduces the size of stilling basin required at the toe of the spillway compared to a conventional chute spillway. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Rice, CE AU - Kadavy, K C AD - Hydrol. Eng. Res. Unit, USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 292 EP - 297 VL - 122 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - slope KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - hydraulics KW - energy dissipation KW - spillways KW - concrete KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15647303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Model+study+of+a+roller+compacted+concrete+stepped+spillway&rft.au=Rice%2C+CE%3BKadavy%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; spillways; energy dissipation; concrete; hydraulics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal polyethism and behavioural canalization in the honey bee, Apis mellifera AN - 15646010; 3943011 AB - Two models of temporal polyethism in the honey bee were evaluated. The developmental-programme model asserts a causal relationship between age and task performance. The foraging-for-work model asserts that this relationship is an epiphenomenon associated with a self-organizing system. The effect of a worker's pre-foraging environment on task selection as a forager was also examined. Four groups of workers, emerging at 6-day intervals, were introduced to a colony. Workers in group 1 were introduced when less than 12 h old. Workers in groups 2 and 3 were divided into deprived and non-deprived groups. Non-deprived groups were introduced to the colony when less than 12 h old. Deprived groups were confined to an incubator for 12 days and 6 days, respectively, then introduced to the colony along with group 4 (<12 h old). Foraging activities were quantified for two sets of workers from strains of bees selected for high and low pollen hoarding. The results support the developmental-programme model. Non-deprived workers began foraging in the order that they were introduced. Deprived workers from groups 2 and 3 began to forage before younger workers in group 4, even though all three groups were introduced to the colony at the same time. The results also suggest that a forager's task selection is primarily determined by her genotype and immediate environment. High-strain workers collected pollen more often than low-strain workers, regardless of their pre-foraging environments. Differences between deprived and non-deprived groups of the same strain and age were rare. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Calderone, N W AU - Page, RE Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Bee Res. Lab., Bldg. 476 BARC-EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 631 EP - 643 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - castes KW - Apis mellifera KW - social behavior KW - age KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - division of labor KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25453:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15646010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Temporal+polyethism+and+behavioural+canalization+in+the+honey+bee%2C+Apis+mellifera&rft.au=Calderone%2C+N+W%3BPage%2C+RE+Jr&rft.aulast=Calderone&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; age; castes; social behavior; division of labor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits-driven management of natural areas AN - 15645648; 3946608 AB - This paper recommends the use of the benefits-driven approach to guide management of natural areas. Under that approach, managers must continue to try to sustain the biophysical resources and meet the societal needs those resources can accommodate reasonably. In addition, managers must go beyond the conventional notion of demand for goods and services and consider how the existence, management, and use of the resources benefit people; they must explicitly consider these positive impacts in their management decisions. Such Benefits-Based Management (BBM) is growing rapidly in acceptance by managers of urban and hinterland recreation resources. The basic concept and the steps being followed to implement BBM to guide management of recreation resources are described. Applications of BBM to natural areas that receive less recreational use are considered. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Driver, B L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 240 West Prospect St., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 94 EP - 99 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - North America KW - planning KW - socio-economic aspects KW - nature reserves KW - recreation KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15645648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Benefits-driven+management+of+natural+areas&rft.au=Driver%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Human dimensions and values in natural area management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; nature reserves; socio-economic aspects; recreation; planning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene transfer into corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) embryos AN - 15644354; 3943989 AB - Transposable elements with short inverted repeats at their termini have been identified in a number of diverse insect species and have proven to be useful gene delivery vectors for the transformation of Drosophila melanogaster. In this report we examine the ability of the D. melanogaster hobo element to transpose in lepidopteran species. A Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) and a Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) embryonic cell line were found to be capable of supporting productive transposition of the hobo element as measured by a plasmid-based excision assay. Furthermore, hobo transposition was detected in H. zea embryos in a manner consistent with that seen for the cell line. In both cases, transposition/excision was found to be independent of vector-encoded transposase functions, indicating that endogenous genes are involved in hobo mobility. Finally, we demonstrate the stable insertion of the bacterial lacZ gene into the H. zea genome. These data demonstrate that hobo elements are capable of transgressing species boundaries and functioning in non-drosophilid cellular environments. More importantly, this represents the first description of a genetic transformation system for a lepidopteran species. JF - Genome Research AU - DeVault, J D AU - Hughes, K J AU - Leopold, R A AU - Johnson, O A AU - Narang, S K AD - Dep. Insect Genet. and Biochem., USDA/ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 571 EP - 579 VL - 6 IS - 7 SN - 1088-9051, 1088-9051 KW - lacZ gene KW - transposon hobo KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - gene transfer KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - embryos KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05213:Genes & molecular genetics KW - G 07367:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15644354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&rft.atitle=Gene+transfer+into+corn+earworm+%28Helicoverpa+zea%29+embryos&rft.au=DeVault%2C+J+D%3BHughes%2C+K+J%3BLeopold%2C+R+A%3BJohnson%2C+O+A%3BNarang%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=DeVault&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome+Research&rft.issn=10889051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; embryos; Trichoplusia ni; Drosophila melanogaster; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a subcutaneously administered, ultraviolet light-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A1-containing vaccine against transthoracic challenge exposure in goats AN - 15643047; 3946786 AB - To determine the effectiveness of Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (Ph A1) killed by UV light and incorporated with an oil adjuvant or carriers. Goats were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatment groups: 4 Ph A1 bacterins (agar beads, polyacrylate beads [PA], phosphate-buffered saline solution, Freund's incomplete adjuvant), live Ph A1 with polyacrylate beads (LiPhPA), and polyacrylate beads (UnVac). Each of 4 Ph A1 vaccines was administered SC twice, 21 days apart, to 1 of 4 groups; another group received only PA beads SC, and the last group received live Ph A1 with PA beads by transthoracic injection into the left lung. 14 days after the second vaccination, all goats were challenge exposed with live Ph A1 by transthoracic injection into the right lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. The LiPhPA group and 4 bacterin groups developed protective immunity against live Ph A1 challenge exposure. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Sutherland, R J AU - Ayres, J R AD - USDA/ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1168 EP - 1174 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - killed KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - immunity KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15643047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+subcutaneously+administered%2C+ultraviolet+light-killed+Pasteurella+haemolytica+A1-containing+vaccine+against+transthoracic+challenge+exposure+in+goats&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BSutherland%2C+R+J%3BAyres%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; vaccines; killed; immunity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing applications to hydrology: Airborne laser altimeters AN - 15641438; 3942273 AB - Shortly after the development of the first laser instrument in 1960, studies began on using laser distancing technology from airborne platforms to measure surface features on the landscape. Airborne laser altimeter studies in the 1960s and 1970s were used to measure terrain features and sea ice roughness. Research in the 1980s and 1990s has shown that airborne laser measurements can be used to measure directly topography, stream channel cross sections, gully cross sections, soil surface roughness, and vegetation canopy height, cover and distribution. These laser measurements can be used to estimate forest biomass and volume, aerodynamic roughness and leaf area indices. Airborne laser altimeters provide quick and accurate measurements for evaluating changes in land surface features and can be an additional tool in the arsenal of remote sensing equipment used to understand watershed properties and to develop plans to manage water resources. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Ritchie, J C AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 625 EP - 636 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - hydrologic data collections KW - laser altimetry KW - water resources management KW - watershed management KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - Freshwater KW - lasers KW - remote sensing KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15641438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+applications+to+hydrology%3A+Airborne+laser+altimeters&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; data acquisition; lasers; remote sensing; water resources management; watershed management; hydrologic data collections; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - beta -Glucan synthesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Characterization of a new locus (ndvC) influencing beta -(1 arrow right 6) linkages AN - 15640371; 3942912 AB - Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes periplasmic cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-D-glucans during growth in hypoosmotic environments, and evidence is growing that these molecules may have a specific function during plant-microbe interactions in addition to osmoregulation. Site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis of the DNA region upstream of ndvB resulted in identification of a new gene (ndvC) involved in beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-glucan synthesis and in nodule development. The predicted translation product was a polypeptide (ca. 62 kDa) with several transmembrane domains. It contained a sequence characteristic of a conserved nucleoside-sugar-binding motif found in many bacterial enzymes and had 51% similarity with a beta -glucanosyltransferase from Candida albicans. B. japonicum carrying a Tn5 insertion in ndvC resulted in synthesis of altered cyclic beta -glucans composed almost entirely of beta -(1 arrow right 3)-glycosyl linkages. The mutant strain was only slightly sensitive to hypoosmotic growth conditions compared with the ndvB mutant, but it was severely impaired in symbiotic interactions with soybean (Glycine max). Nodulation was delayed by 8 to 10 days, and many small nodule-like structures apparently devoid of viable bacteria were formed. This finding suggests that the structure of the beta -glucan molecule is important for a successful symbiotic interaction, and beta -glucans may have a specific function in addition to their role in hypoosmotic adaptation. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Gross, K C AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Bldg. 011, HH-19, USDA/ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4635 EP - 4642 VL - 178 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - beta -glucan KW - ndvC gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nodulation KW - site-directed mutagenesis KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - Glycine max KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15640371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=beta+-Glucan+synthesis+in+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum%3A+Characterization+of+a+new+locus+%28ndvC%29+influencing+beta+-%281+arrow+right+6%29+linkages&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BGross%2C+K+C%3BTully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Glycine max; site-directed mutagenesis; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using random amplified polymorphic DNA to differentiate strains of the Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15639339; 3934470 AB - The movement of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Huebner), and its ability to infest stored products over large areas is not understood because of the difficulty in identifying the origins of infestations. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) is a technique that has been used to identify genetic markers in insect populations and may be useful for differentiating populations of P. interpunctella. RAPD PCR was used to differentiate 6 P. interpunctella populations, and the genetic similarity was examined within and among populations. All individual insects were differentiated into correct population groups using only two 10-mer primers. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dowdy, A K AU - McGaughey, W H AD - US Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 396 EP - 400 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Lepidoptera KW - population differentiation KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15639339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Using+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+to+differentiate+strains+of+the+Indianmeal+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Dowdy%2C+A+K%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dowdy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Plodia interpunctella; polymerase chain reaction; population differentiation; random amplified polymorphic DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of alkaloid concentration on acceptability of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) to cattle and sheep AN - 15634312; 3937731 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) is a serious toxic plant problem on western U.S. ranges. The major toxins in tall larkspur are methyllycaconitine (MLA) and 14-deacetylnudicauline (14-DAN); the sum of both is termed the toxic alkaloid concentration. Toxic alkaloids comprise about 20-50% of the total alkaloid concentration in tall larkspur. Toxic and total alkaloid concentration generally declines with maturity, whereas cattle and sheep consumption of larkspur typically increases with plant maturity. We hypothesized that cattle and sheep consumption of tall larkspur was negatively related to higher concentrations of total or toxic alkaloid. We compared consumption of several collections of dried, ground larkspur and fresh larkspur in a series of trials. In another trial, a crude alkaloid fraction was extracted with ethanol, added to alfalfa hay, and consumption compared to untreated alfalfa hay, alcohol-treated hay, and the essentially alkaloid-free plant residue. In all cases we correlated amounts eaten with total and toxic alkaloid concentration. A grazing trial was also conducted to relate larkspur consumption over time to alkaloid concentrations. Total alkaloid concentrations in dried, whole-plant collections ranged from 9.3 to 38.8 mg/g of dry weight, whereas toxic alkaloid concentrations varied from 0.0 to 7.1 mg/g. In one pen trial, cattle preferred a larkspur collection (P 0.05), however, between concentrations of total or toxic alkaloids and amount of dry plant consumed in this or any other trial. Conversely, sheep consumption tended to be negatively influenced by total and toxic alkaloid concentration (P less than or equal to 0.08). In the trials with extract, cattle preferred the alcohol-treated hay and rejected the alkaloid-free residue (p 0.05) to alkaloid concentration. Cattle preferred leaves over flowers when offered individual plants differing in phenological stage and/or amount of shade, but alkaloid concentration was not related to consumption. We conclude that knowledge of the concentration of total or toxic alkaloid in tall larkspur will give little or no indication of plant acceptability to cattle. Even though accurate predictions can be made about the potential toxicity of larkspur based on the concentration of toxic alkaloids, predictions about consumption must be based primarily on plant phenology. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Pfister, JA AU - Manners, G D AU - Gardner AU - Price, K W AU - Ralphs, M H AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1147 EP - 1168 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium KW - palatability KW - livestock KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15634312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+alkaloid+concentration+on+acceptability+of+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+to+cattle+and+sheep&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BGardner%3BPrice%2C+K+W%3BRalphs%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium; livestock; toxins; palatability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of EPTC: Simulation and measurement AN - 15633448; 3938921 AB - Many of the organic chemicals used in agricultural production are susceptible to loss from the soil surface to the atmosphere by volatilization. Adequate prediction of the impact of these chemicals on the environment thus requires consideration of both downward movement through the soil to groundwater and upward movement in the gas phase to the atmosphere. We developed a method to mechanistically simulate volatilization within the framework of a conventionally formulated solute transport model and used it to simulate the gas-phase losses of EPTC, a commonly used volatile herbicide. The model considers efflux of a trace gas at the soil surface to be a process of unsteady diffusion, interrupted intermittently by dispersive events that can be thought of as eddies at the innermost scale. Model results were compared to measurements of volatilization during the first 7 d following application of EPTC, conducted with a Bowen ratio system in a 17-ha field at Rosemount, MN. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Baker, J M AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Dowdy, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Soil., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 169 EP - 177 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agricultural pollution KW - chemical pollution KW - environmental impact KW - volatile organic compounds KW - atmosphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15633448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+EPTC%3A+Simulation+and+measurement&rft.au=Baker%2C+J+M%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BDowdy%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollution; environmental impact; volatile organic compounds; atmosphere; agricultural pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional response of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to variation in density of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15631181; 3940077 AB - The functional response of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) and Cardiochiles nigriceps Vieriek to variation in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), density was determined in large field cages over squaring cotton. Wasps were released in cages containing various host densities. Three methods - logit analysis, logistic regression, and comparative curve fitting with 3 foraging models - were used for the analysis of functional response data. For both parasitoid species, the Rogers functional response model fit the data well. The search rate for M. croceipes (33.12 m super(2)/d) was not significantly different than that for C. nigriceps (24.37 m super(2)/d). Handling time for M. croceipes ( approximately 7 min) was shorter than that for C. nigriceps ( approximately 91 min). The functional response curves were significantly different between species for the Rogers model, and C. nigriceps females parasitized a greater proportion of H. virescens larvae on caged cotton than did M. croceipes females. Of the 2 species, C. nigriceps should out perform M. croceipes in a cotton field. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tillman, P G AD - Insect Pest Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 524 EP - 528 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - functional response KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - population density KW - Braconidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - Noctuidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Cardiochiles nigriceps KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15631181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Functional+response+of+Microplitis+croceipes+and+Cardiochiles+nigriceps+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+to+variation+in+density+of+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microplitis croceipes; Cardiochiles nigriceps; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; population density; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carbohydrate on age-related feeding behaviors and longevity in adult black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15630343; 3940074 AB - Age-related consumption and longevity were monitored in the laboratory for adult A. ipsilon fed either a 1 M sucrose solution or water. An additional group was completely starved. Adults consumed sucrose solution and water just after eclosion; the percentage feeding daily and the mean daily consumption for females and males fed sucrose solution declined with time, whereas the percentage feeding daily and the mean daily consumption of those fed water increased with time. Total consumption was significantly higher for those fed sucrose solution (P 0.05). Mean longevity was significantly extended for females and males fed sucrose solution over those fed water or starved (P < 0.01). Moreover, consumption of either fluid was significantly correlated with extended longevity in all groups (P < 0.05). These data on fluid consumption by adult A. ipsilon are discussed relative to post-eclosion migratory activities. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Binder, B F AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Agrotis ipsilon KW - Lepidoptera KW - age KW - carbohydrates KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - longevity KW - adults KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15630343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carbohydrate+on+age-related+feeding+behaviors+and+longevity+in+adult+black+cutworm%2C+Agrotis+ipsilon+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Binder%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrotis ipsilon; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; age; feeding behavior; carbohydrates; longevity; adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of beetles in stored wheat by augmentative releases of parasitic wasps AN - 15627130; 3935782 AB - Field studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the parasitoid wasps, Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gaha), and Choetospila elegans (Westwood), for controlling Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), rusty grain beetle and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), lesser grain borer. On 6 July 1993 and 7 July 1994, adults of both C. ferrugineus and R. dominica were released at monthly intervals into 6 steel grain binds each containing 27.2 t of hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Adults of both parasitoid species were released into 3 of the bins 21 d after the 1st beetle release. The amount of suppression of C. ferrugineus by C. waterstoni could not be measured in either year of this study because C. waterstoni infested the control bins. However, C. elegans was effective in suppressing R. dominica populations. In 1993 and 1994, R. dominica populations were suppressed by 98 and 91% compared with the control bins. After 198 d from initial beetle release in 1993, the treatment bins averaged 0.05 R. dominica per kilogram and the control bins averaged 2.06 R. dominica per kilogram. After 131 d from initial beetle release in 1994, the treatment bins average 6.94 R. dominica per kilogram and he control bins average 81.03 R. dominica per kilogram. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Flinn, P W AU - Hagstrum, D W AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - parasitoids KW - stored products KW - Triticum aestivum KW - pest control KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15627130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+beetles+in+stored+wheat+by+augmentative+releases+of+parasitic+wasps&rft.au=Flinn%2C+P+W%3BHagstrum%2C+D+W%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Flinn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Coleoptera; Hymenoptera; biological control; stored products; pest control; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity among isolates within the PAV serotype of barley yellow dwarf virus AN - 15626964; 3936602 AB - Several barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) isolates collected from viruliferous aphids in upstate New York were identified as PAV serotypes, based on their reaction with a polyclonal antiserum to NY-PAV. Four of six isolates examined were distinguished from the NY-PAV type isolate of BYDV by their failure to react with a PAV-specific monoclonal antibody in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of polymerase chain reaction-amplified viral sequences. The capsid protein amino acid sequence of one of these four isolates, designated PAV-129, was less similar to that of NY-PAV (86.5% similar) than NY-PAV is to two other isolates, serotyped as PAV, from Indiana (98% similar) or Australia (97% similar). In biological comparisons of PAV-129 and NY-PAV, the efficiency of transmission by two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, was not significantly different; however, PAV-129 caused more severe symptoms were inoculated to a variety of oat genotypes. In addition, the growth and grain yield of 'Ogle', a spring oat considered resistant to the BYDV PAV serotype was significantly reduced when infected with PAV-129. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chay, CA AU - Smith, D M AU - Vaughan, R AU - Gray, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-0331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 370 EP - 377 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - serotypes KW - Aphididae KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Rhopalosiphum padi KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Sitobion avenae KW - barley yellow dwarf virus KW - disease transmission KW - USA, New York KW - capsid protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - Avena sativa KW - Homoptera KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15626964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Diversity+among+isolates+within+the+PAV+serotype+of+barley+yellow+dwarf+virus&rft.au=Chay%2C+CA%3BSmith%2C+D+M%3BVaughan%2C+R%3BGray%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Chay&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barley yellow dwarf virus; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae; Avena sativa; Aphididae; Homoptera; USA, New York; serotypes; amino acid sequence; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; capsid protein; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to water and nutrient stressed cotton AN - 15626832; 3935790 AB - Water stress usually increases plant susceptibility to the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, whereas nutrient stress generally reduces the level of whitefly infestation. This study examined the effect of water and phosphorus stress on plant physiological traits to help explain the response of B. argentifolii to host plant conditions. Host preference was determined by examining oviposition rates on water- and phosphorus-stressed cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the greenhouse, and by studying the effect of irrigation frequency on oviposition and B. argentifolii developmental rate in the field. In the greenhouse, oviposition was reduced 9% (P = 0.09) by water stress but was not affected by phosphorus deficiency. In the field, oviposition was 6 times greater in the biweekly compared with weekly irrigated plots. In nochoice experiments, however, oviposition was unaffected by irrigation frequency, with the exception of lower leaves in the canopy which had been previously damaged by B. argentifolii, where oviposition was reduced 63% in the biweekly plots where damage was the greatest. Irrigation frequency had no effect on developmental rate from egg to adult. In the greenhouse, oviposition was affected most by leaf position on the plant, and was >2 times as great on the youngest compared with the oldest leaf on a 4-leaf seedling. Multiple regression analysis suggested that oviposition was not independently affected by transpiration rate or leaf temperature. Leaf water potential, sucrose concentration, and amino acid concentration made the greatest contribution to B. argentifolii host selection, with oviposition being greatest on leaves with low water potential and low bulk leaf sucrose and amino acid concentrations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Skinner, R H AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 401 EP - 406 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - nutrient status KW - host plants KW - Gossypium KW - water stress KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15626832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+to+water+and+nutrient+stressed+cotton&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Bemisia argentifolii; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; nutrient status; water stress; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential mortality in male and female gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae by invertebrate natural enemies and other factors AN - 15624648; 3935788 AB - Pupal mortality in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), caused by invertebrate natural enemies and other factors was monitored at Belleplain State Forest in southern New Jersey from 1983 to 1991. Two methods were used, laboratory rearings of intact pupae field collected during metamorphosis and postseason examination of pupal remains. The introduced chalcidid Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) consistently destroyed higher percentages of male gypsy moth pupae than female pupae. Ichneumonid parasitism was sometimes higher in male pupae than female pupae. Diptera, mostly Tachinidae and Sarcophagidae, were more likely to emerge from female than male intact pupae, but in the case of pupal remains, emergence from each sex was variable, being significantly higher in male pupae than female pupae for 2 yr, but the reverse in another year. Sex-based bias in predation of gypsy moth pupae by invertebrates, primarily larvae of Calosoma sycophanta (L.), was observed only in 2 yr, when it was slightly higher in male pupae. Incidence of disease was higher in female pupae than male pupae, but desiccation was more likely to occur in male pupae than female pupae. Based on examination of pupal remains, survival of female and male pupae averaged 53.0 and 45.5%, respectively, with marked differences observed in 5 of 9 yr of the study. Because of the sex-based bias in mortality by some invertebrate natural enemies, sex ratios (expressed as percentage of females) of gypsy moth adults were sometimes much higher than pupae. This bias was most noticeable the outbreak and decline phases of the gypsy moth population cycle. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fuester, R W AU - Taylor, P B AD - Beneficial Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 536 EP - 547 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pupae KW - males KW - females KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - natural enemies KW - mortality KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15624648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Differential+mortality+in+male+and+female+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+pupae+by+invertebrate+natural+enemies+and+other+factors&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R+W%3BTaylor%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; mortality; males; females; pupae; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived 1-day-old piglets with Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii AN - 15624032; 3934908 AB - Neonatal piglets have been used as models to study human campylobacteriosis and helicobacteriosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative pathogenicities, on the basis of the duration of fecal shedding and colonization of tissues, of three Arcobacter species in 1-day-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived piglets. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, two piglets each were infected per os with either Arcobacter butzleri ATCC 49616, Arcobacter cryaerophilus 1B ATCC 43159, Arcobacter skirrowii CCUG 10374, or the three field strains of A. butzleri ( similar to 5 x 10 super(9) CFU per piglet). Rectal swab samples were taken prior to infection and daily thereafter for up to 7 days. Arcobacter spp. were detected at least once in rectal swab samples of all but one of the experimentally infected piglets but not in the control. At necropsy, A. butzleri was recovered from the lung, kidney, ileum, or brain tissues of the four infected piglets which had received either the field strain or the ATCC type strain of A. butzleri. A. cryaerophilus 1B was detected in rectal swab samples for up to 7 days postinfection but was not cultured from tissues at necropsy. Arcobacters were detected in the rectal swab sample of the A. skirrowii-infected piglet only on day 3 postinfection; no isolates were obtained from tissues at necropsy. No gross pathological lesions were consistently noted in the experimentally infected piglets. In experiment 2, two piglets each were infected per os with A. butzleri ATCC 49616, A. cryaerophilus. 1A, ATCC 43158, A. skirrowii CCUG 10374, or the single A. butzleri field strain Yard J/c ( similar to 5 x 10 super(9) CFU per piglet). Arcobacter spp. were cultured from rectal swab samples of all but one of the experimentally infected piglets at least once. At necropsy Arcobacter spp. were cultured from the liver, kidney, ileum, or brain tissues of two of the four A. butzleri-infected piglets. However, no severe gross pathology was noted. These data suggest that Arcobacter spp., especially A. butzleri, can colonize neonatal pigs. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Wesley, I V AU - Baetz, AL AU - Larson, D J AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2295 EP - 2299 VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Arcobacter skirrowii KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - colostrum KW - deprivation KW - Cesarean section KW - Arcobacter butzleri KW - Arcobacter cryaerophilus KW - colonization KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15624032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Infection+of+cesarean-derived+colostrum-deprived+1-day-old+piglets+with+Arcobacter+butzleri%2C+Arcobacter+cryaerophilus%2C+and+Arcobacter+skirrowii&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V%3BBaetz%2C+AL%3BLarson%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arcobacter butzleri; Arcobacter cryaerophilus; Cesarean section; colostrum; deprivation; colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern United States AN - 15623966; 3934881 AB - In a tick-spirochete survey conducted from fall 1989 through fall 1992 in northwestern Wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. Infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). Of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), 60 (5%) Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) from 8 species of birds were infected with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner. Similar surveys conducted in 1990 and 1991 in Minnesota and Michigan yielded 223 H. leporispalustris from 61 birds (composed of 23 species), all free of spirochetes. However, 1 B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis (Say) was found on 1 bird species in Minnesota. Most ticks were collected in fall from ground-foraging birds such as thrushes and sparrows. These results confirm that tick-infested birds are important in disseminating Lyme disease spirochetes and may also play a role as sources for infecting ticks. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Nicholls, TH AU - Callister, S M AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA-FS, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 379 EP - 384 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - vector-borne diseases KW - Aves KW - USA KW - Acari KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Lyme+disease+spirochetes+in+ticks+collected+from+birds+in+midwestern+United+States&rft.au=Nicholls%2C+TH%3BCallister%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Borrelia burgdorferi; Acari; Ixodidae; USA; Lyme disease; vector-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of remote sensing for evapotranspiration monitoring over land surfaces AN - 15623633; 3935480 AB - Monitoring evapotranspiration (ET) at large scales is important for assessing climate and anthropogenic effects on natural and agricultural ecosystems. This paper describes techniques used in evaluating ET with remote sensing, which is the only technology that can efficiently and economically provide regional and global coverage. Some of the empirical/statistical techniques have been used operationally with satellite data for computing daily ET at regional scales. The more complex numerical simulation models require detailed input parameters that may limit their application to regions containing a large database of soils and vegetation properties. Current efforts are being directed towards simplifying the parameter requirements of these models. Essentially all energy balance models rely on an estimate of the available energy (net radiation less soil heat flux). Net radiation is not easily determined from space, although progress is being made. Simplified approaches for estimating soil heat flux appear promising for operational applications. In addition, most ET models utilize remote sensing data in the shortwave and thermal wavelengths to measure key boundary conditions. Differences between the radiometric surface temperature and aerodynamic temperature can be significant and progress in incorporating this effect is evident. Atmospheric effects on optical data are significant, and optical sensors cannot see through clouds. This has led some to use microwave observations as a surrogate for optical data to provide estimates of surface moisture and surface temperature; preliminary results are encouraging. The approaches that appear most promising use surface temperature and vegetation indices or a time rate of change in surface temperature coupled to an atmospheric boundary layer model. For many of these models, differences with ET observations can be as low as 20% from hourly to daily time scales, approaching the level of uncertainty in the measurement of ET and contradicting some recent pessimistic conclusions concerning the utility of remotely sensed radiometric surface temperature for determining the surface energy balance. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Kustas, W P AU - Norman, J M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20750, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 495 EP - 516 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climates KW - monitoring KW - regional analysis KW - data acquisition KW - evapotranspiration KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Use+of+remote+sensing+for+evapotranspiration+monitoring+over+land+surfaces&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BNorman%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; evapotranspiration; monitoring; data acquisition; regional analysis; energy; climates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Romote sensing applications to hydrology: Soil moisture AN - 15623579; 3935481 AB - Passive and active microwave remote sensing instruments are capable of measuring the surface soil moisture (0-5 cm) and can be implemented on high altitude platforms, e.g. spacecraft, for repetitive large area observations. The amount of water present in a soil affects its dielectric properties. The dielectric properties, along with several other physical characteristics, determine the microwave measurement. In addition, the significance of the dielectric properties depends upon the sensor design, especially the wavelength. Instruments operating at longer wavelengths (>5 cm) have fewer problems with the atmosphere and vegetation, sense a deeper soil layer and maximize soil moisture sensitivity. Another instrument concern is whether to use an active or passive microwave approach. Active approaches, especially synthetic aperture radar, can provide extremely good ground resolution from space (10 km). The existing data interpretation algorithms for passive data are well tested for bare soil and vegetation and can be applied to a wide range of conditions. At the present time, the active microwave algorithms have not been widely verified. There has been a significant amount of recent research using both active and passive methods as a result of the availability of new sensor systems. With these new instruments have also come greater efforts to integrate the observations in large scale multidisciplinary investigations. A greater emphasis on the spatial distribution and temporal behaviour of soil moisture has produced some very interesting and valuable data sets that demonstrate the potential of a dedicated observing system for scientific and operational studies. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Jackson, T J AU - Schmugge, J AU - Engman, E T AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 517 EP - 530 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - hydrology KW - moisture content KW - data acquisition KW - microwaves KW - remote sensing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Romote+sensing+applications+to+hydrology%3A+Soil+moisture&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BSchmugge%2C+J%3BEngman%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; hydrology; soil water; moisture content; data acquisition; microwaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spaceborne remote sensing for snow hydrology applications AN - 15623406; 3935479 AB - Certain satellite-based remote sensing for snow hydrology applications has been very positive, namely, snow areal extent mapping using visible and near-infrared sensors and snow water equivalent using passive microwave techniques. Although certain problems are yet to be solved, very specific applications have become operational. Data from the NOAA-AVHRR sensor are used to produce snow extent maps for about 4000 basins in North America and the data are distributed electronically by the NWS National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center. At the Canadian Climate Centre, a method has been developed for real time estimation of areal snow water equivalent over the Canadian prairies using microwave brightness temperatures, and the snow water equivalent maps are distributed to operational hydrological forecasters. Current research may also prove fruitful for estimates of snow wetness or active melting, snow albedo and snow grain size. It appears that forthcoming improvements in passive microwave spatial resolution should increase the applicability of the data for snow hydrology. The spectral and spatial resolution of the visible/near-infrared data will also be improved with the launch of EOS/MODIS. Combinations of sensors and integration with other types of data will further improve the suitability of spaceborne data. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 477 EP - 494 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sensors KW - hydrology KW - hydrologic data KW - data acquisition KW - snow KW - mapping KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Spaceborne+remote+sensing+for+snow+hydrology+applications&rft.au=Rango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; snow; hydrology; data acquisition; mapping; sensors; hydrologic data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Pasteurella multocida toxin on physeal growth in young pigs AN - 15620963; 3934252 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) affects growth of the proximal portion of the humerus of young pigs. All pigs given 0.1 mu g of PMT/kg without serum died or were euthanatized, as were 4 pigs given 0.05 mu g of PMT/kg. These pigs had increased serum interleukin 1 and 6 bioactivities. Pigs surviving 0.05 mu g PMT had decreased weight gain, rough coat, marked atrophy of the ventral concha (as determined by turbinate perimeter ratios), and small stature. The surviving pigs also had reduced area and decreased proliferation indices in physeal chondrocytes on the basis of bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactivity. Control and serum-treated pigs gained weight, had no clinical effects, had similar physeal areas, and had higher cell proliferation indices. PMT inhibits endochondral bone formation by reducing physeal area and chondrocyte proliferation in vivo. Hyperimmune serum neutralizes the effects of toxin on weight gain, clinical appearance, physeal area, and chondrocyte proliferation. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Register, K B AU - Stabel, J R AU - Gwaltney, S M AU - Howe, T S AU - Rimler, R B AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Avian and Swine Respiratory Dis., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 848 EP - 852 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - pigs KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - humerus KW - toxins KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - bone growth KW - cell proliferation KW - chondrocytes KW - bone (endochondral) KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - T 20010:Bone growth and remodelling KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15620963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Pasteurella+multocida+toxin+on+physeal+growth+in+young+pigs&rft.au=Ackermann%2C+M+R%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BGwaltney%2C+S+M%3BHowe%2C+T+S%3BRimler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; toxins; humerus; bone growth; chondrocytes; cell proliferation; bone (endochondral) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles after chronic exposure to ozone AN - 15619858; 3933784 AB - Concentrations of soluble and bound phenolic compounds were measured in needles of 3-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees exposed from May to November 1993 to a range of ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations in open-top field chambers. The treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), and NF air with O sub(3) added at 1 times 5 times (NF 1 times 5) and 2 times 0 times (NF 2 times 0) the ambient O sub(3) concentration for 12 h daily. Average daily (0800-2000 hours) O sub(3) concentrations in the CF, NF, NF 1 times 5 and NF 2 times 0 treatments were c. 29, 47, 76 and 98 nl l super(-1), respectively, for the 140 d treatment period. At the end of the treatment period, total phenolic and proanthocyanidin concentrations in the previous year's needles were 25-29% higher in the NF 2 times 0 treatment compared with the lower O sub(3) treatments. Catechin concentration increased in the previous year's needles by as much as 81% between the NF 2 times 0 treatment and the lower O sub(3) treatments. Catechin is an effective antioxidant, and elevated levels might confer some protection against O sub(3) injury. No significant differences in total phenolics and proanthocyanidins in the previous year's needles were detected among the remaining O sub(3) treatments, or among any O sub(3) treatment for the current year's needles. Lignin content in needles of both years was not significantly affected by O sub(3) exposure. JF - New Phytologist AU - Booker, F L AU - Anttonen, S AU - Heagle, A S AD - USDA/ARS, Air Quality Res. Program and Dep. Crop Sci., Box 7632, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 483 EP - 492 VL - 132 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - Pinus taeda KW - pollution effects KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15619858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Catechin%2C+proanthocyanidin+and+lignin+contents+of+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda%29+needles+after+chronic+exposure+to+ozone&rft.au=Booker%2C+F+L%3BAnttonen%2C+S%3BHeagle%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; ozone; air pollution; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae and R. solani AG-8 on wheat and detection of R. oryzae in plant tissue by PCR AN - 15617635; 3930721 AB - Rhizoctonia oryzae and R. solani anastomosis group (AG)-8 both cause root rot of wheat and barley, but R. oryzae has been considered secondary in importance to R. solani AG-8 on these cereals in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Of 19 isolates of R. oryzae, 12 caused both preemergence damping-off of wheat and a significant reduction in root biomass of 21-day-old seedlings in natural soil at 12 degree C, whereas 7 isolates induced minimal or no damage to wheat under these growth conditions. R. solani AG-8 had no effect on seedling emergence and seminal root development, but four of eight isolates tested caused severe root rot of wheat. Thus, R. oryzae and R. solani AG-8 may cause distinctive and different damage as pathogens of wheat, and their relative importance may vary among field sites and with the developmental stage of the host plant. The nucleotide sequence of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions was divergent between the two species; therefore, the oligonucleotide primers RO1 and RO2 were developed from sequences within ITS1 and ITS2, respectively, that are unique to R. oryzae. These primers amplified a 511-bp fragment from DNA of R. oryzae but not DNA from any intraspecific group of R. solani or from binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. A polymerase chain reaction protocol with the RO1 and RO2 primer set was used to detect R. oryzae in wheat roots and is a suitable method to diagnose this fungus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Wong, Oi Tak AU - Cook, R J AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 365 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 354 EP - 360 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Rhizoctonia oryzae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - virulence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15617635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Rhizoctonia+oryzae+and+R.+solani+AG-8+on+wheat+and+detection+of+R.+oryzae+in+plant+tissue+by+PCR&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BWong%2C+Oi+Tak%3BCook%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Triticum aestivum; root rot; virulence; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism by which gamma irradiation increases the sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 to heat AN - 15616087; 3930412 AB - Effects of irradiation and heating on survival of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 were examined by measuring DNA damage and the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. S. typhimurium cells fell into two distinct groups following heating: (i) heat-sensitive cells, which were rapidly inactivated at 65 degree C and (ii) heat-resistant cells, which were only slowly inactivated at 65 degree C. Radiation sensitivity of S. typhimurium was greater in the presence of air than in the presence of N sub(2) gas (radiation doses required to inactivate 90% of the cells, 0.394 plus or minus 0.029 in air and 0.561 plus or minus 0.035 in N sub(2)). Recovery of the covalently closed circular form of plasmid pBR322 from S. typhimurium transformants (Amp super(r) Tet super(r)) was decreased by irradiation but not by heating. Heating prior irradiation significantly decreased the recovery of plasmid DNA without affecting survival of S. typhimurium. Transformability of the recovered plasmid pBR322 was affected by neither irradiation nor heating, and mutation of antibiotic resistance genes was not detected in S. typhimurium. Heating, but not irradiation, caused destabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing penetration of hydrophobic dye. These results suggest that lethality of heating followed by irradiation for S. typhimurium was additive, reflecting irradiation-induced DNA damage and heat-induced membrane destabilization. When irradiation preceded heating in the absence of air, more cells were inactivated than was expected, because of heat-inactivating radiation-damaged DNA. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Yonghwi Kim, A AU - Wayne Thayer, D AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid La., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1759 EP - 1763 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - heat tolerance KW - radiation KW - safety KW - food poisoning KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15616087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Mechanism+by+which+gamma+irradiation+increases+the+sensitivity+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+ATCC+14028+to+heat&rft.au=Yonghwi+Kim%2C+A%3BWayne+Thayer%2C+D&rft.aulast=Yonghwi+Kim&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; radiation; heat tolerance; food poisoning; safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between coyotes and red foxes in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming AN - 15615813; 3932058 AB - Interactions between coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) indicate that coyotes often tolerate foxes, and yet at other times, are aggressive and kill foxes. The frequency and context in which coyotes are aggressive or tolerant of foxes are unknown. We observed 66 interactions between coyotes and red foxes in Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming, from February 1991 to April 1993. Foxes were deterred, displaced, or tolerated by coyotes in 17, 30, and 53% of the encounters, respectively. Deterrence and displacement of foxes by coyotes occurred at a similar frequency in the absence and presence of an ungulate carcass. Tolerance of foxes by coyotes occurred most frequently in the absence of a carcass. A group of coyotes feeding or resting at a carcass was a deterrent to approaching foxes. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Gese, E M AU - Stotts, TE AU - Grothe, S AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5295, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 377 EP - 382 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Vulpes vulpes KW - USA, Wyoming KW - agonistic behavior KW - Canis latrans KW - interspecific relationships KW - tolerance KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15615813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+coyotes+and+red+foxes+in+Yellowstone+National+Park%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Gese%2C+E+M%3BStotts%2C+TE%3BGrothe%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gese&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Vulpes vulpes; USA, Wyoming; interspecific relationships; tolerance; agonistic behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spring migration of western sandpipers along the Pacific Coast of North America: A telemetry study AN - 15614205; 3930921 AB - We studied the migratory movements of radio-equipped Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) along a 4,000 km stretch of the west coast of North America from California to Alaska during the 1992 spring migration. A total of 77 shorebirds were radio-tagged at San Francisco Bay, CA; Bolinas Lagoon, CA; Fraser River Delta, British Columbia; and the Stikine River Delta, AK. Daily aerial and ground monitoring from mid-April to late May at banding sites as well as the Copper River Delta provided data on length of stay of individual shorebirds and migration times between study areas. Fifty-eight shorebirds were detected beyond banding sites for a 74% net relocation rate. The proportion of birds detected along the migration route increased with latitude: Grays Harbor, WA (3.4%); Fraser River, British Columbia (8.6%); Stikine River, AK (28.6%); and Copper River, AK (62.3%). Length of stay averaged three days per site. We failed to detect differences in length of stay among sites or between sexes. A condition index calculated as body mass standardized for body size was a poor indicator of length of stay at a site or migration time among sites. An estimated 26% of radio-equipped birds were never relocated suggesting that migrant birds use smaller dispersed wetlands as well as the major intertidal wetland complexes we studied. We conclude that most spring migrant Western Sandpipers use a short-flight hopping migration strategy rather than a few sustained long flights. The short-flight strategy emphasizes the importance of maintaining a continuous complex of intertidal wetland habitats along the migration route to ensure shorebird conservation. JF - Condor AU - Iverson, G C AU - Warnock, SE AU - Butler, R W AU - Bishop, MA AU - Warnock, N AD - USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 10 EP - 21 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - chronology KW - marine birds KW - migration KW - migratory species KW - movements KW - radio-tagging KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - tagging KW - INE, North America KW - Calidris mauri KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15614205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Spring+migration+of+western+sandpipers+along+the+Pacific+Coast+of+North+America%3A+A+telemetry+study&rft.au=Iverson%2C+G+C%3BWarnock%2C+SE%3BButler%2C+R+W%3BBishop%2C+MA%3BWarnock%2C+N&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tagging; marine birds; migratory species; migration; chronology; movements; radio-tagging; Calidris mauri; INE, North America; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of low temperatures on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts AN - 15614182; 3931954 AB - Microcentrifuge tubes containing 8 x 10 super(6) purified oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum suspended in 400 mu l of deionized water were stored at 5 degree C for 168 h or frozen at -10, -15, -20, and -70 degree C for 1 h to 168 h and then thawed at room temperature (21 degree C). Fifty microliters containing 10 super(6) oocysts was administered to each of five to seven neonatal BALB/c mice by gastric intubation. Segments of ileum, cecum, and colon were taken for histology from each mouse 72 or 96 h later. Freeze-thawed oocysts were considered viable and infectious only when developmental-stage C. parvum organisms were found microscopically in the tissue sections. Developmental-stage parasites were not found in tissues from any mice that received oocysts frozen at -70 degree C for 1, 8, or 24 h. All mice that received oocysts frozen at -20 degree C for 1, 3, and 5 h had developmental-stage C. parvum; one of 6 mice that received oocysts frozen at -20 degree C for 8 h had a few developmental-stage parasites; mice that received oocysts frozen at -20 degree C for 24 and 168 h had no parasites. All mice that received oocysts frozen at -15 degree C for 8 and 24 h had developmental-stage parasites; mice that received oocysts frozen at -15 degree C for 168 h had no parasites. All mice that received oocysts frozen at -10 degree C for 8, 24, and 168 h and those that received oocysts stored at 5 degree C for 168 h had developmental-stage parasites. These findings demonstrate for the first time that oocysts of C. parvum in water can retain viability and infectivity after freezing and that oocysts survive longer at higher freezing temperatures. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fayer, R AU - Nerad, T AD - Parasite Immunobiol. Lab., Livestock and Poultry Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1431 EP - 1433 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - viability KW - temperature KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cryptosporidium KW - epidemiology KW - oocysts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15614182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+low+temperatures+on+viability+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BNerad%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium; temperature; oocysts; epidemiology; viability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ignitability analysis of siding materials using modified protocol for lift apparatus AN - 15608003; 3927837 AB - This paper reports on the ignitability of common siding materials that could be exposed to wildland fires. When exposed to brands or fires, structures will experience piloted ignition, which is requisite for sustained ignition involving burn-through and surface flame spread in various directions. In this study, the Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread Test (LIFT) apparatus (ASTM E1321 and E1317) was used to test various siding materials (plywoods, softwoods, and vinyl), some of which were painted, humidified, or sawed. A recently developed protocol provided useful, accurate values of the following thermophysical properties: surface emissivity, surface ignition temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. Full consistency was achieved with independent literature values of these properties and can be used directly in the database of fire growth models. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Dietenberger, MA AD - USDA Forest Serv. Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 115 EP - 121 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0308-0501, 0308-0501 KW - siding materials KW - ignition KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - materials testing KW - H SE8.23:FIRE IGNITION AND PROPAGATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15608003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Ignitability+analysis+of+siding+materials+using+modified+protocol+for+lift+apparatus&rft.au=Dietenberger%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Dietenberger&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=03080501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - materials testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of white clover to ozone in different environments AN - 15606506; 3926658 AB - The value of research on effects of O sub(3) done in greenhouse or field exposure systems is often questioned because chamber environments may affect plant response. Foliar injury, chlorophyll, and forage weight responses of two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to ambient O sub(3) were compared for plants grown in charcoal-filtered (CF) and nonfiltered air (NF) in a greenhouse and open-top field chambers and in ambient air (AA) plots at Raleigh, NC. One clone is sensitive to O sub(3) (NC-S), whereas the other is resistant (NC-R). Comparisons of individual clone responses in CF vs. NF treatments in the greenhouse and in the field and the proportional response of the clones (defined as the NC-S/NC-R response ratio) were used to indicate the relative response to O sub(3) in the different environments. Foliar injury and chlorophyll response of NC-S to O sub(3) were similar in the NF greenhouse, NF open-top chambers, and in AA. However, for individual harvests, the percentage decrease in NC-S forage weight in NF compared with CF was 7 to 23% greater in the greenhouse than in open-top chambers. The NC-S/NC-R forage ratios indicated that clover response to O sub(3) in NF open-top field chambers was the same as in AA. Large environmental differences between greenhouse and open-top chambers apparently caused differences in plant responses to O sub(3), whereas relatively small environment differences between open-top chambers and ambient air did not. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Reinert, R A AU - Miller, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Air Quality Res. Unit, 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 273 EP - 278 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - plants KW - Trifolium repens KW - air quality KW - ozone KW - phytotoxicity KW - pollution effects KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Response+of+white+clover+to+ozone+in+different+environments&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BReinert%2C+R+A%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; ozone; pollution effects; plants; phytotoxicity; toxicity testing; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest structural characteristics of accipiter nesting habitat: Is there an allometric relationship? AN - 15605280; 3923974 AB - In montane forest of the western United States, a general correlation of accipiter body size and scaling of the vegetation component of nesting sites and nest trees used by sympatric Accipiter species has been reported. We evaluated this pattern with vegetation data collected at Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Cooper's Hawk (A. cooperii), and Sharp-shinned Hawk (A. striatus) nest sites in the Jemez Mountains and Pajarito Plateau of north-central New Mexico. We selected habitat variables at the nest tree and nest site scale that would allow us to evaluate the prediction that accipiters use nesting habitat in which their body size is positively correlated with tree size and three spacing, and inversely correlated with three density, basal area, and percent canopy closure. At the nest-site level, density of larger diameter trees should be positively correlated with body size, and density of smaller diameter trees should be inversely correlated with body size. Our results suggest that nest tree height and diameter support body size predictions about nesting habitat for accipiter hawks. None of the nest-site parameters measured in this study supported the body size predictions due to a large amount of intra-specific variation. As a result of this variation, it was difficult to differentiate between Cooper's Hawk and Northern Goshawk nest sites for most site variables. These results suggest there is a correlation between accipiter size and nest three size, but that a correlation between nest site structural size and accipiter body size may not be a widespread phenomenon for all vegetation variables for all three species. Many commonly measured forest stand structural characteristics such as basal area and total tree densities may not be adequate for predicting suitable accipiter nesting habitat in all areas, particularly in the absence of comparisons with available habitat. JF - Condor AU - Siders AU - Kennedy, P L AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Kaibab Ranger District, P.O. Box 248, Fredonia, AZ 86022, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - nesting KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - Accipiter KW - USA, New Mexico KW - habitat utilization KW - site selection KW - stand structure KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15605280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Forest+structural+characteristics+of+accipiter+nesting+habitat%3A+Is+there+an+allometric+relationship%3F&rft.au=Siders%3BKennedy%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Siders&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accipiter; USA, New Mexico; site selection; habitat utilization; forests; stand structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus has a bipartite genome and induces phloem-limited inclusions characteristic of the closteroviruses AN - 15604743; 3922058 AB - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) is a newly described closterovirus. Virions purified from TICV-infected plants contained two single-stranded (ss) RNAs, one of approximately 7,800 (RNA 1) and the other 7,400 (RNA 2) nucleotides. Double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis showed two prominent dsRNAs of approximately 7,800 and 7,400 bp, as well as several smaller dsRNAs. The TICV virion ssRNAs were used for cDNA cloning. Of 200 cDNA clones analyzed, 10 clones containing cDNAs ranging in size from about 900 to 1,500 nucleotides were used to generate digoxigenin-UTP-labeled transcripts. These transcripts hybridized with the TICV ssRNAs in Northern blot hybridization analyses and were used in dot-blot analyses to confirm TICV infection in several host plants including tomato, potato, Physalis wrightii, Nicotiana clevelandii, and artichoke. None of the probes reacted with any uninfected host plant tested or with plants infected with four other clostero- or clostero-like viruses including lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus, lettuce chlorosis virus, cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, and beet pseudo yellows virus. Northern blot hybridization analyses using selected riboprobes showed no detectable homology between TICV dsRNA 1 and 2, or between subsets of smaller dsRNAs. Inclusion bodies, characteristic of the closteroviruses, were consistently associated with the phloem of TICV-infected N. clevelandii. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wisler, G C AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Klaassen, V A AU - Duffus, JE AU - Falk, B W AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Agric. Res. Stn., 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 622 EP - 626 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - tomato infectious chlorosis virus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - RNA KW - hybridization analysis KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15604743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Tomato+infectious+chlorosis+virus+has+a+bipartite+genome+and+induces+phloem-limited+inclusions+characteristic+of+the+closteroviruses&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BKlaassen%2C+V+A%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BFalk%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to poultry skin as related to cell viability AN - 15601779; 3926412 AB - super(3)H-labeled S. typhimurium cells inactivated by gamma-radiation ( super(60)Co) and by formaldehyde (5%) were used to determine if cell viability affected attachment to poultry skin. Both gamma-irradiated and formaldehyde-treated cells attached like live cells. There was no difference in attachment between cells grown in a chemically defined medium (SCDM) or in brain heart infusion broth (BHI). Live and gamma-irradiated cells and BHI-grown and SCDM-grown cells had similar surface hydrophobicity. Live and gamma-irradiated cells had similar cell surface charges, whereas BHI and SCDM-grown cells had different surface charges. Differences in cell surface charge did not affect attachment rate. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Kim, KY AU - Lillard, H S AU - Frank, J F AU - Craven, SE AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, R. B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 439 EP - 441 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - adherence KW - viability KW - poultry KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - media KW - skin KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15601779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Attachment+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+to+poultry+skin+as+related+to+cell+viability&rft.au=Kim%2C+KY%3BLillard%2C+H+S%3BFrank%2C+J+F%3BCraven%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=KY&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; adherence; poultry; viability; media; skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorene oxidation in vivo by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro during manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation AN - 15598394; 3922884 AB - The oxidation of fluorene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon which is not a substrate for fungal lignin peroxidase, was studied in liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro with P. chrysosporium extracellular enzymes. Intact fungal cultures metabolized fluorene to 9-hydroxyfluorene via 9-fluorenone. Some conversion to more-polar products was also observed. Oxidation of fluorene to 9-fluorenone was also obtained in vitro in a system that contained manganese (II), unsaturated fatty acid, and either crude P. chrysosporium peroxidases or purified recombinant manganese peroxidase. The oxidation of fluorene in vitro was inhibited by the free-radical scavenger butylated hydroxytoluene but not by the lignin peroxidase inhibitor NaVO sub(3). Manganese(III)-malonic acid complexes could not oxidize fluorene. These results indicate that fluorene oxidation in vitro was a consequence of lipid peroxidation mediated by P. chrysosporium manganese peroxidase. The rates of fluorene and diphenylmethane disappearance in vitro were significantly faster than those of true polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or fluoranthenes, whose rates of disappearance were ionization potential dependent. This result indicates that the initial oxidation of fluorene proceeds by mechanisms other than electron abstraction and that benzylic hydrogen abstraction is probably the route for oxidation. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bogan, B W AU - Lamar, R T AU - Hammel, KE AD - USDA Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1788 EP - 1792 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fluorene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - degradation KW - oxidation KW - bioremediation KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - soil KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fluorene+oxidation+in+vivo+by+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+and+in+vitro+during+manganese+peroxidase-dependent+lipid+peroxidation&rft.au=Bogan%2C+B+W%3BLamar%2C+R+T%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Bogan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; oxidation; degradation; soil; bioremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthropod biomass in winter and the age of longleaf pines AN - 15598150; 3915306 AB - The endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) satisfies its nutrient requirements by capturing arthropods from live pine trees. Age of pine stands has been used as a guide for providing suitable habitat for the species, however, little is known about the relationship of arthropods to age of pines. The relationship on longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) 22-127 years old was examined in winter. Arthropod biomass/m super(2) on the bole, live limbs and dead limbs was related to tree age, radial growth 6-10 years before sampling and ambient temperature. Arthropod biomass/m super(2) declined with increasing tree age on the lower, mid- and upper bole; increased with tree age on dead limbs; and increased with tree age on live limbs until 80 years when it declined with increasing age. Slower growing trees had higher arthropod biomass/m super(2) for a given age than faster growing trees. Total arthropod biomass for the whole tree increased with tree age up to 86 years, when it declined with increasing tree age. However, the older the tree, the greater the arthropod biomass on dead limbs. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hooper, R G AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 115 EP - 131 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 82 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - endangered species KW - foraging behavior KW - biomass KW - Picoides borealis KW - age KW - Pinus palustris KW - Insecta KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Arthropod+biomass+in+winter+and+the+age+of+longleaf+pines&rft.au=Hooper%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; Picoides borealis; Insecta; age; biomass; foraging behavior; endangered species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus - A new clostero-like virus transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum AN - 15596095; 3917568 AB - A previously undescribed virus disease of tomato, other crops and weed hosts was found in California. Affected tomato plants exhibited interveinal yellowing, necrosis and severe yield losses. Leaf dips and purified preparations contained closterovirus-like long flexuous, filamentous particles approximately 12 x 850-900 nm. The virus, designated as tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), is transmitted in a semipersistent manner by the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. The host range of the virus is moderate (26 species in 8 plant families) but includes some important crops and ornamental species including tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum), tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), artichoke (Cynara scolymus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). The virus has been found in a number of different locations in California and has a number of potential vehicles of movement including greenhouse grown ornamentals, tomato transplants, artichoke cuttings and potato seed. The virus has the potential to spread to other growing regions with resident populations of the greenhouse whitefly. The host range, particle size, insect transmission, and serology clearly distinguish TICV from previously described viruses. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Duffus, JE AU - Liu, Hsing-Yeh AU - Wisler, G C AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Agric. Res. Stn., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 226 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - tomato infectious chlorosis virus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aleyrodidae KW - disease transmission KW - vectors KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - plant diseases KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15596095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Tomato+infectious+chlorosis+virus+-+A+new+clostero-like+virus+transmitted+by+Trialeurodes+vaporariorum&rft.au=Duffus%2C+JE%3BLiu%2C+Hsing-Yeh%3BWisler%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Duffus&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Lycopersicon esculentum; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; plant diseases; vectors; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of growth culture physiological state, metabolites, and formulation on the viability, phytotoxicity, and efficacy of the take-all biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 stored encapsulated on wheat seeds AN - 15595902; 3919581 AB - Strain 2-79 is a biocontrol agent of take-all, an important root disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In the rhizosphere, strain 2-79 produces the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid as the primary means of disease suppression. Barriers to the commercial use of phenazine-producing pseudomonads, such as strain 2-79, include the lack of liquid-culture and formulation technologies needed to optimize cost-effective mass production and application. For instance, there is little published research concerning the impact of growth culture physiological state and associated metabolites on the biocontrol qualities of the cells harvested and formulated in seed coatings, i.e., efficacy, phytotoxicity, and storage survival. To enable exploration of these issues, cells of strain 2-79 in various physiological states were obtained by harvesting fermentors at 24-h intervals after inoculation. Cells formulated in 0.5% methylcellulose suspended in either water (MW) or metabolite-bearing, spent culture broth (MSB) were applied as wheat-seed coatings, air dried, and stored at 4 degree C. Younger cells (24-48 h) had twice the drying survival rate but only half of the, storage life demonstrated by older cells (72-96 h). Cell populations surviving drying were 3.5 times higher in MW than in MSB formulations and they remained viable up to 3 times longer. This effect of formulation on viability was attributable to the culture nutrients but not the metabolites present in the spent broth. Disease suppression in bacterized seed treatments was significant relative to unbacterized controls and averaged 9.1%, but did not vary significantly with culture age, encapsulation medium, or storage time. Relative seedling height improvement increased with relative disease suppression and significantly decreased with lengthening storage time. This latter decline in plant growth promotion coincided with the deterioration of biocontrol agent viability during storage. Seed batches inoculated with cells in both MW and MSB encapsulations suffered significant germination losses due to phytotoxic metabolites. The extent of loss was an interactive result of encapsulation medium and storage time, and the rate of loss was much higher for seeds with MSB than with MW coatings, i.e. 54% compared to 11% loss after 6 months storage. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Slininger, P J AU - Van-Cauwenberge, JE AU - Bothast, R J AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Cook, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 391 EP - 398 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - antibiotics KW - phenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - biological control KW - Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici KW - media (culture) KW - seed treatments KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15595902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+growth+culture+physiological+state%2C+metabolites%2C+and+formulation+on+the+viability%2C+phytotoxicity%2C+and+efficacy+of+the+take-all+biocontrol+agent+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+2-79+stored+encapsulated+on+wheat+seeds&rft.au=Slininger%2C+P+J%3BVan-Cauwenberge%2C+JE%3BBothast%2C+R+J%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BCook%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Slininger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; seed treatments; media (culture); Pseudomonas fluorescens; Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinase-directed chromosome engineering in plants AN - 15594875; 3921874 AB - Directed recombination of specific sequences can be utilized to bring about profound changes in gene expression and genome organization. In past years, the deployment of site-specific recombination systems in the plant genome has produced site-directed excision and inversion of transgenes, integration of exogenous DNA into genomic recombination sites, and the rearrangement of chromosome segments. In particular, the rearrangement events that involve large segments of host DNA represent a novel approach to genome engineering and show promise for precise, predictable and reproducible restructuring of higher eukaryotic genomes. In the light of recent reports of plant genome synteny, the concept of reshuffling blocks of chromosome information into new combinations may lead to exciting opportunities for creating new plant varieties for basic research and practical applications. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - chromosomes KW - recombination KW - plants KW - DNA KW - genomes KW - G 07349:General KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15594875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Recombinase-directed+chromosome+engineering+in+plants&rft.au=Ow%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; chromosomes; recombination; genomes; DNA; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of hardwood leaf litter in the Fernow Whole-Watershed Acidification Experiment AN - 15594781; 3915321 AB - Two watersheds are part of an on-going long-term artificial acidification experiment: the treatment watershed (WS3) has received 60.5 kg S ha-1 year-1 and 54 kg N ha-1 year-1 via aerial applications of ammonium sulfate fertilizer since 1989. After 3 years of treatment, freshly fallen leaves of four hardwood tree species (Liriodendron tulipifera, Prunus serotina, Acer saccharum, and Betula lenta) were collected and placed in litter bags, which were placed in stands in the treatment and control watersheds. Decay rates differed for L. tulipifera, Prunus serotina, and B. lenta between the two watersheds, with litter from WS3 decaying more slowly over the 2 year study period than litter from the control watershed. Initial concentrations of N, Ca, and K differed between treatment and control watersheds, but these differences disappeared after 2 years. Nutrient loss rates did not vary with treatment. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AU - Angradi, T R AD - USDA Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 61 EP - 69 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 83 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - nitrogen KW - calcium KW - nutrient ratio KW - decomposing organic matter KW - nutrient dynamics KW - leaf litter KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - organic matter KW - leaves KW - detritus KW - decomposition KW - acidification KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15594781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Decomposition+and+nutrient+dynamics+of+hardwood+leaf+litter+in+the+Fernow+Whole-Watershed+Acidification+Experiment&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BAngradi%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic matter; nitrogen; calcium; watersheds; acidification; detritus; leaves; decomposing organic matter; decomposition; USA, New Hampshire; nutrient dynamics; leaf litter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Settling and feeding responses of pea weevil (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to flowers of selected pea lines AN - 15592488; 3917585 AB - This study characterized the settling and feeding responses of female pea weevils, Bruchus pisorum (L.), to flowers of pea lines varying in their susceptibility to pea weevil oviposition and, in so doing, sought to examine the potential of using weevil responses to flowers to screen pea germplasm for antixenosis resistance. In dual-choice laboratory tests, weevils were less frequently observed settling and feeding on flowers of plant introduction lines (PI 196027, PI 263026) with pod antixenosis to ovipositing weevils than on flowers of 2 cultivars ('Alaska', 'Garfield') susceptible to oviposition. Weevils did not discriminate when exposed to 2 flowers from susceptible lines or 2 flowers from resistant lines. These results suggest it may be possible to use a flower assay to screen pea germplasm for antixenosis resistance to pea weevil. This study also demonstrates the application of Markov chain models for the analysis of data in which repeated categorical responses of test insects are observed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Clement, S L AU - Evans, MA AU - Lester, D G AD - Western Regional Introduction Stn., USDA-ARS, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 775 EP - 779 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Bruchus pisorum KW - Pisum sativum KW - feeding behavior KW - Bruchidae KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15592488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Settling+and+feeding+responses+of+pea+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bruchidae%29+to+flowers+of+selected+pea+lines&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BEvans%2C+MA%3BLester%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisum sativum; Bruchus pisorum; Coleoptera; Bruchidae; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Needle, crown, stem, and root phytomass of Pinus sylvestris stands in Russia AN - 15591735; 3915302 AB - With growing concern about predicted global warming, increasing attention is being paid to the phytomass (living plant mass) components of forest stands and their role in the carbon cycle. The ability to predict phytomass components from commonly available inventory data would facilitate our understanding of the latter. We focus on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Russia, with the objective of predicting stand phytomass (Mg/ha) for the four major stand components: needles, crown, stems, and roots. The study area includes regions in Russia where Scots pine is a stand-forming species: from European Russia (33 degree E) to Yakutia (130 degree E) in eastern Siberia. To ensure that results will be widely applicable, only variables consistently measured in forest inventories were considered as possible predictors: stand age, site quality class, and stocking (stand stem volume with bark, m super(3)/ha). Stand phytomass data were obtained from numerous regional and local phytomass studies, and supplemented with additional unpublished data. This is the first comprehensive study synthesizing stand level phytomass relations for P. sylvestris for most of its range in Russia. The combined results from over 18 regional and local phytomass studies provide a level of generality that is not possible with individual local studies. In addition to estimating stand phytomass components across a wide range of conditions, these phytomass models can also be used to verify carbon allocation rules in process-based models. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Monserud, R A AU - Onuchin, A A AU - Tchebakova, N M AD - Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 59 EP - 67 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 82 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - carbon allocation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - carbon cycle KW - Russia KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15591735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Needle%2C+crown%2C+stem%2C+and+root+phytomass+of+Pinus+sylvestris+stands+in+Russia&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A%3BOnuchin%2C+A+A%3BTchebakova%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus sylvestris; Russia; biomass; carbon cycle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of vitamin D sub(3) infusion and dietary calcium on secretion of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor in mice infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis AN - 15591446; 3919516 AB - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), a chronic inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum in ruminants. In the later stages of disease, clinical signs usually include diarrhea, emaciation, inappetence, and edema, leading eventually to recumbency and death. The study reported here was designed to evaluate the effects of 1,25-(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) infusion and low dietary Ca on splenocyte cytokine secretion in mice infected with M paratuberculosis. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Stabel, J R AU - Golf, JP AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Nat. Anim. Dis. Cent., Zoonotic Dis. and Metabolic Dis., Immun. Rear Units, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - tumor necrosis factor KW - calcium KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - nutrition KW - vitamins KW - interleukin 1 KW - interleukin 6 KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15591446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+vitamin+D+sub%283%29+infusion+and+dietary+calcium+on+secretion+of+interleukin+1%2C+interleukin+6%2C+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+in+mice+infected+with+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BGolf%2C+JP&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; interleukin 1; interleukin 6; vitamins; nutrition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaporation of water from agitated freezing slurries at low pressure AN - 15590660; 3917017 AB - In an absorptive vacuum freezing process, water evaporates from the freezing solution and condenses on a cold salt solution. Given sufficient condensing capacity, the evaporation rate will be controlled by the freezing solution vapor pressure. The size of the condensing equipment which matches a given evaporation system can be estimated using rate measurements made with low vapor pressure freezing solutions. JF - Desalination AU - Dickey, L C AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0011-9164, 0011-9164 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - evaporation KW - brackish water KW - desalination KW - water treatment KW - slurries KW - freezing KW - energy KW - SW 1010:Saline water conversion KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desalination&rft.atitle=Evaporation+of+water+from+agitated+freezing+slurries+at+low+pressure&rft.au=Dickey%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Desalination&rft.issn=00119164&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - evaporation; slurries; freezing; desalination; brackish water; energy; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of a baculovirus variant that exhibits enhanced polyhedra production stability during serial passage in cell culture AN - 15590193; 3911939 AB - The formation of few polyhedra mutants during serial propagation of baculoviruses in cell culture encumbers commercial scale production in this system. A Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdM-NPV) variant (isolate A21-MPV) has been isolated and the traits of budded virus (BV) production, synthesis of polyhedra, the percentage of cells that produce polyhedra, and the formation of few polyhedra (FP) mutants were investigated during serial passage of the variant of L. dispar 652Y cells. Isolate A21-MPV exhibited stable levels of BV production and polyhedra production and a small increase in the percentage of cells that produced polyhedra during five serial passages in cell culture. In contrast, isolate A21, a wild-type isolate, exhibited a significant increase in BV production and a decrease in polyhedra production and in the number of cells that produced polyhedra during five serial passages. The traits exhibited by isolate A21 are typically observed when FP mutants are formed and become predominate in a virus population. After five serial passages, greater than 95% of isolate A21 virus exhibited a FP phenotype. In contrast, less than 8% of isolate A21-MPV exhibited a FP phenotype after five serial passages. These results indicate that isolate A21-MPV exhibits enhanced polyhedra production stability during serial passage in Ld652Y cells. Consequently, this isolate could be useful for large-scale production in cell culture systems. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Slavicek, JM AU - Mercer, MJ AU - Kelly, ME AU - Hayes-Plazolles, N AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 153 EP - 160 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - polyhedrin KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - mutants KW - baculovirus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+a+baculovirus+variant+that+exhibits+enhanced+polyhedra+production+stability+during+serial+passage+in+cell+culture&rft.au=Slavicek%2C+JM%3BMercer%2C+MJ%3BKelly%2C+ME%3BHayes-Plazolles%2C+N&rft.aulast=Slavicek&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baculovirus; Lymantria dispar; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; mutants; cell culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen deposition in California forests: A review AN - 15588464; 3917337 AB - Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of the major nitrogenous (N) compounds and their biological effects in California forests are reviewed. Climatic characteristics of California are summarized in light of their effects on pollutant accumulation and transport. Over large areas of the state dry deposition is of greater magnitude than wet deposition due to the arid climate. However, fog deposition can also be significant in areas where seasonal fogs and N pollution sources coincide. The dominance of dry deposition is magnified in airsheds with frequent temperature inversions such as occur in the Los Angeles Air Basin. Most of the deposition in such areas occurs in summer as a result of surface deposition of nitric acid vapor (HNO sub(3)) as well as particulate nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)) and ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+)). Internal uptake of gaseous N pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO sub(2)), nitric oxide (NO), HNO sub(3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ammonia (NH sub(3)), and others provides additional N to forests. Further research is needed to determine the ecological effects of chronic N deposition, and to develop appropriate management options for protecting water quality and managing plant nutrient resources in ecosystems which no longer retain excess N. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Fenn, ME AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA-Forest Serv., Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 127 EP - 146 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - wet deposition KW - air pollution KW - nitrogen KW - dry deposition KW - seasonal variations KW - pollution effects KW - USA, California KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15588464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+deposition+in+California+forests%3A+A+review&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BFenn%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; nitrogen; air pollution; pollution effects; forests; dry deposition; wet deposition; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Pyrax/biomass of biocontrol fungi on snap bean damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in the field and on germination of sclerotia AN - 15588235; 3917887 AB - A 2-year field study at Beltsville, MD, of soil artificially infested with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii strain Sr-1 demonstrated the ability of fermentor-produced biomass of Gliocladium virens isolate Gl-3 in a powder formulation to prevent damping-off of snap beans caused by this pathogen. Plant stands were counted 11 and 35 days after planting. In addition, the CFU of Gl-3 per g of soil in the treatment plots were determined. Pyrax/biomass amended at rates of 15, 30, 60, and 120 g/1.1 m super(2) plots to provide 0.6 to 6.6 x 10 super(4) CFU of Gl-3 per g of soil significantly increased plant stands after 35 days, compared with 7 and 19% stands in the pathogen-infested control soils for 1992 and 1993, respectively. In 1992, the stand increase was correlated (r super(2) = 0.92) with increased rates of the preparation, such that 60 and 120 g of the Pyrax/biomass per plot resulted in stands comparable to those (>85%) in the noninfested control plots. In 1993, although there was no significant correlation (r super(2) = 0.601) between rate of amendment and plant stand, all rates gave stands greater than that in the infested control but not as great as that in the noninfested control. Generally, soil populations of Gl-3 increased by 11 days with higher, but not lower, rates of Pyrax/biomass to about 10 super(5) CFU/g soil during both years. Population levels tended to decline after 35 days of plant growth, but generally remained higher than the amounts added. This population increase suggested establishment of Gl-3 in the soil. A study to determine the influence of Pyrax and biomass of various isolates of Trichoderma spp. and G. virens on the germination of sclerotia of two S. rolfsii isolates (Sr-1 and Sr-3) indicated considerable specificity. G. virens isolates were more effective in reducing sclerotial germination than were isolates of T. viride, T. hamatum, and T. harzianum. Moreover, isolate Gl-3 was more effective that the other G. virens isolates. In addition, S. rolfsii isolate Sr-3, which produces larger and darker sclerotia than those of Sr-1, was less affected by the various isolates of Trichoderma spp. and G. virens than was Sr-1. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lewis, JA AU - Fravel AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 655 EP - 659 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - damping off KW - sclerotia germination KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Trichoderma KW - Gliocladium virens KW - Sclerotium rolfsii KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15588235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Pyrax%2Fbiomass+of+biocontrol+fungi+on+snap+bean+damping-off+caused+by+Sclerotium+rolfsii+in+the+field+and+on+germination+of+sclerotia&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BFravel&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotium rolfsii; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kirramyces phormii comb. nov. from leaves of Phormium AN - 15587049; 3914676 AB - This study was undertaken after the author received specimens of Phormium (Agavaceae, flax lily) from New Zealand with leaf spots in which a coelomycetous fungus was sporulating. Hendersonia phormii, a coelomycetous fungus originally described from leaves of Phormium, is transferred to Kirramyces. The species is redescribed from the host and in culture. Genetic relationships are discussed and characters summarized. Kirramyces phormii is compared to and contrasted with other species in that genus and a key is provided to species of Kirramyces. JF - Mycological Research AU - Palm, ME AD - USDA/APHIS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 373 EP - 376 VL - 100 IS - 3 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Kirramyces phormii KW - Phormium KW - Hendersonia phormii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - leafspot KW - keys KW - taxonomic revision KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Kirramyces+phormii+comb.+nov.+from+leaves+of+Phormium&rft.au=Palm%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Palm&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - taxonomic revision; keys; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production characteristics of striped bass x white bass and striped bass x yellow bass hybrids AN - 15587000; 3915970 AB - The potential for commercial culture of hybrid striped bass is promising in many areas of the United States. While several different striped bass hybrids are candidates for culture, differential performance has not been thoroughly evaluated. Comparative performance of two striped bass hybrids was evaluated in six, 757-L fiberglass tanks receiving a continuous flow of ambient pond water for 397 d. Three replicate tanks were stocked with 50 fingerlings (66 fish/m super(3)) of either striped bass female x white bass male (mean weight 23 g) or striped bass female x yellow bass male hybrids. Fish were fed a 35% protein ration throughout the study, and weight was recorded for all fish at stocking and at 21-d intervals. White bass hybrids grew significantly faster (0.94 g/d) than yellow bass hybrids (0.59 g/d). Survival to harvest averaged 65% and 44% for yellow bass and white bass hybrids, respectively. A significant difference from the expected 1:1 sex ratio occurred for yellow bass hybrids (100% female), but not for white bass hybrids (56% female). Mean condition factor, 1.63 and 1.39, and fillet percentage, 30.7% and 28.4%, was significantly higher for white bass hybrids compared to yellow bass hybrids. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Wolters, W R AU - DeMay, R AD - USDA, Catfish Genet. Res., Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 202 EP - 207 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - hybrids KW - yield KW - condition factor KW - fish culture KW - hybrid culture KW - Morone KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Production+characteristics+of+striped+bass+x+white+bass+and+striped+bass+x+yellow+bass+hybrids&rft.au=Wolters%2C+W+R%3BDeMay%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wolters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hybrids; condition factor; yield; fish culture; hybrid culture; Morone; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California AN - 15586240; 3915313 AB - Elevated N deposition has occurred in the Los Angeles Basin in southern California for at least the last 40 years. Elevated streamwater NO3- fluxes and high nitric oxide (NO) fluxes from soil, indicators of N saturation, have recently been reported for chaparral watersheds exposed to chronic N deposition in the San Gabriel Mountains north/northeast of Los Angeles. A number of nutritional and edaphic parameters across a deposition gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) support the hypothesis that the mixed conifer forest in the western end of the range is also N saturated. Concentrations of NO3- in the soil solution or in soil extracts during the summer months were 14 to 44 times higher at Camp Paivika (CP), a western high N deposition site, than at Camp Osceola (CAO) or Barton Flats (BF), eastern low-pollution sites. Accumulation of NO3- in foliage of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underw.) and overstory species was also much greater at CP than at CAO and a site near BF. Nitric oxide fluxes in mid-August from relatively dry soil at CP were ca. 20 times higher than for typical forests in North America. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, on the other hand, were low in the SBM sites. However, emissions of NO and N2O were several-fold higher at CP than at BF, a relatively low-pollution site. High NO emissions from otherwise undisturbed and well-drained forest soils of the western US may prove useful as a diagnostic indicator of N saturation. Nitrogen mineralization was greater at CP and Dogwood (high-pollution sites) than at CAO and Heartbar (low-pollution sites). Additional indicators of N enrichment at CP compared with the low N deposition sites include: low C : N ratios in soil and foliage, high foliar N : P ratios, higher nitrification rates and high soil acidity. Lower pH and base saturation were observed in soil from two high-pollution sites compared with two low-pollution sites. In summary, high NO emissions and elevated NO3- concentrations in the soil solution and in foliage, and high foliar N : P ratios at CP, indicate N in excess of biotic demand, with potential above-normal loss of N from the ecosystem - and thus, a N-saturated condition. Model outputs from the nutrient cycling model (NuCM) agreed well with field data from the SBM on elevated soil solution NO3- concentrations, reduced soil base saturation, and lack of a growth response to increasing N deposition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AU - Johnson, D W AD - Forest Fire Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, PSW Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 211 EP - 230 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 82 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nitrogen cycle KW - soil nutrients KW - USA, California KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15586240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+nitrogen+saturation+in+the+San+Bernardino+Mountains+in+southern+California&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BJohnson%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; soil nutrients; nitrogen cycle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils AN - 15584319; 3910845 AB - This report describes novel fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with hazardous organic compounds. The inocula are in the form of pelleted solid substrates coated with a sodium alginate suspension of fungal spores or mycelial fragments and incubated until overgrown with the mycelium of selected lignin-degrading fungi. The organisms evaluated were Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (BKM F-1767, ATCC 42725). P. sordida (HHB-8922-Sp), Irpex lacteus (Mad-517, ATCC 11245), Bjerkandera adusta (FP-135160-Sp, ATCC 62023), and Trametes versicolor (MD-277). The pelleted fungal inocula resisted competition and proliferation from indigenous soil microbes, were lower in moisture content than current fungal inocula, and had sufficient mechanical strength to allow handling and introduction into the soil without a change in the mechanical consistency of the pellets. Inoculated at a rate of 3% in artificially contaminated nonsterile soil, I. lacteus, B. adusta, and T. versicolor removed 86, 82, and 90%, respectively, of the pentachlorophenol in 4 weeks. A mathematical model was developed to explain moisture distribution in a hydrogel-coated pelleted substrate. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., Forest Products Lab., USDA Forest Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2045 EP - 2052 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - fungi KW - soil pollution KW - pollution KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+fungal+inocula+for+bioaugmentation+of+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; fungi; soil pollution; pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intramammary defense against infections induced by Escherichia coli in cows AN - 15583762; 3910464 AB - Objective-To examine Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on expression of CD14 and CD18 cell surface receptors and lectin/carbohydrate-mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli. Design-Cell isolation, monoclonal antibody, phagocytosis, and flow cytometric studies. Animals-4 clinically normal lactating Holstein cows for studies on CD14 and CD18, and 2 for phagocytosis studies. Procedure-Binding of CD14 and CD18 monoclonal antibodies to blood and milk neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes was studied by flow cytometry before and after intramammary injection of LPS, and nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli blood neutrophils was determined. Presence of intracellular CD14 was determined after in vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk and after fixation and permeabilization of freshly isolated neutrophils. Results-Before LPS injection, percentages of blood neutrophils and large mononuclear (LMO) cells expressing CD14 averaged 3 and 63% and 68 and 35% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS injection, CD14 was only detected on blood and mammary LMO cells (61 and 25%); receptor expression increased by 1.8- and threefold, respectively. In vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk increased the percentage of neutrophils expressing CD14. The number of blood neutrophils staining positive for CD14 increased after permeabilization of the plasma membrane, which was blocked by unlabeled anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies. Before LPS, percentages of blood neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 average 93 and 95% and was 88 and 55% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS, percentages of mammary neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 increased to 100 and 95%, respectively. Expression of CD18 was 2.6-fold higher for mammary neutrophils before injection of LPS, compared with blood neutrophils, either before or after LPS. In absence of opsonins, neutrophils with adherent and phagocytosed E coli averaged 83 and 14%. Conclusions-LPS modulated expression of CD14 and CD18 and lectin-carbohydrate interactions mediated non-opsonic phagocytosis of E coli. An intracellular pool of CD14 exists in bovine neutrophils and is capable of translocating to the cell surface. Clinical Relevance-Development of methods to maximize expression of CD14 receptors on mammary neutrophils involved in production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and nonopsonic phagocytosis could result in reducing prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Paape, MJ AU - Lilius, E-M AU - Wiitanen, P A AU - Kontio, M P AU - Miller, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Immun. and Dis. Resistance Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 477 EP - 482 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - immune response KW - mammary gland KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Intramammary+defense+against+infections+induced+by+Escherichia+coli+in+cows&rft.au=Paape%2C+MJ%3BLilius%2C+E-M%3BWiitanen%2C+P+A%3BKontio%2C+M+P%3BMiller%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Paape&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; immune response; mammary gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of microorganisms with alternan hydrolytic activity AN - 15583267; 3910616 AB - Alternan is an unusual alpha -D-glucan containing alternating (1 arrow right 3), (1 arrow right 6) linkages that exhibits remarkable resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. The commercial potential of the polysaccharide may be enhanced by the ability to economically modify the native form into fractions of varying molecular weight. By employing isolation procedures with covalently dyed alternan as the substrate, several bacterial isolates that produced endohydrolytic activity were obtained in pure culture. The activity was confirmed by decreases in viscosity and by direct examination of the hydrolysis products with thin layer chromatography. Analysis of the hydrolysis products established that all isolates produced enzymes with identical alternan depolymerizing activity, producing a cyclic tetrasaccharide as a major product. All alternanase activity was shown to be extracellularly located. A single strain exhibited constitutive production of alternanase, while all other isolates required the presence of alternan in the growth media for enzyme production. All isolates were phenotypically similar, produced heat-resistant spores, and were tentatively identified as members of the genus Bacillus. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Wyckoff, HA AU - Cote, G L AU - Biely, P AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 North Univ. St., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alternan KW - alternanase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bacteria KW - hydrolysis KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+microorganisms+with+alternan+hydrolytic+activity&rft.au=Wyckoff%2C+HA%3BCote%2C+G+L%3BBiely%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wyckoff&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symbiotic competence, genetic diversity and plasmid profiles of Egyptian isolates of a Rhizobium species from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Dewit AN - 15583029; 3910359 AB - There is considerable interest in improving nitrogen fixation in tropical legume trees to increase soil fertility, particularly in developing countries. To provide information needed for the development of improved strains, characterization of strains of Leucaena nodulating Rhizobium was performed. Thirteen strains were isolated from root nodules of Leucaena leucocephala grown in different geographical regions in Egypt. Plasmid DNA profile groups, including identification of symbiosis-controlling plasmids, were defined. Symbiotic competence was determined in plant tests and some strains were perhaps more symbiotically proficient at fixing nitrogen with L. leucocephala than were reference strains. The genetic diversity of these strains was determined by RFLP analysis of total DNAs using, as probes, six arbitrarily selected cosmid clones from a gene library of strain TAL 1145, a well-characterized reference strain. There were four plasmid profile groups which did not correlate with either symbiotic competence or RFLP analysis. RFLP analysis, unlike plasmid profiles, permitted a determination that all 13 Egyptian strains were evidently homogeneous and quite distinct from previously studied Leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium as represented by reference strains. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Swelim, D M AU - Hashem, F M AU - Abdel-Wahab, S M AU - Hegazi, NI AD - USDA, ARS, Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 347 EP - 352 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Egypt KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leucaena leucocephala KW - genetic diversity KW - nucleotide sequence KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - biotyping KW - DNA KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Symbiotic+competence%2C+genetic+diversity+and+plasmid+profiles+of+Egyptian+isolates+of+a+Rhizobium+species+from+Leucaena+leucocephala+%28Lam.%29+Dewit&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+L+D%3BSwelim%2C+D+M%3BHashem%2C+F+M%3BAbdel-Wahab%2C+S+M%3BHegazi%2C+NI&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leucaena leucocephala; nodulation; symbiosis; DNA; nucleotide sequence; genetic diversity; biotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature ranges, growth optima, and growth rates of Spiroplasma (spiroplasmataceae, class mollicutes) species AN - 15579816; 3910626 AB - A new method was developed for determination of the doubling times of spiroplasmas. In this procedure, the time required for medium acidification of tubes in tenfold dilution series was recorded. Sixty-four spiroplasma strains, representing 24 groups and 11 subgroups, were studied. Eight strains representing putative new groups were also included in the study. Doubling times at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, 37, 41, and 43 degree C were determined. The range of temperatures for spiroplasma growth was 5 degree -41 degree C. Twenty-three spiroplasmas had optima of 30 degree C, 29 had optima of 32 degree C, and 13 had optima of 37 degree C. The fastest growing spiroplasma was the MQ-4 strain (group XI), with a doubling time at optimal temperature of 0.6 h. The slowest was the Jamaican corn stunt strain B655 (subgroup I-3), with an optimal doubling time of 36.7 h. Spiroplasma strain B31 (group IV) had the widest range (5 degree -41 degree c), while the DW-1 strain and some subgroup I-3 strains had the narrowest, growing only at 25 degree and 30 degree C. Some spiroplasmas grew well at 41 degree C, but none grew at 43 degree C. The ability of spiroplasmas to withstand a wide range of temperatures may reflect the conditions to which they are exposed in nature, including the temperatures of the insect, tick, and/or plant hosts in which they are carried and the plant surfaces from which they may be acquired by arthropods. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Konai, M AU - Clark, E A AU - Camp, M AU - Koeh, AL AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Bldg. 465 BARCE, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 314 EP - 319 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - replication KW - Spiroplasma KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15579816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Temperature+ranges%2C+growth+optima%2C+and+growth+rates+of+Spiroplasma+%28spiroplasmataceae%2C+class+mollicutes%29+species&rft.au=Konai%2C+M%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BCamp%2C+M%3BKoeh%2C+AL%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Konai&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; replication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotechnology and new integrated pest management approaches AN - 15577843; 3913226 AB - Area-wide pest management technologies will take on new appearances as the drive to eliminate and/or greatly reduce the use of chemical pesticides increases. The use of genetically altered insects has the most potential for successfully displacing certain pesticides, although the development of genetic engineering technologies for agricultural pest species is still in its infancy. Transformation vectors need to be developed as do transformation methodologies. Here we report the possibility of developing an interspecies vector and discuss ways in which such a vector could be used successfully in an integrated pest management system. If such an approach were developed, it could be utilized with other alternative methods, thereby providing a safe, ecologically sound means of controlling insect pests without damaging the agricultural economy. JF - Bio/Technology (new title: Nature Biotechnology?) AU - DeVault, J D AU - Hughes, K J AU - Johnson, O A AU - Narang, S K AD - USDA/ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 46 EP - 49 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - pests KW - reviews KW - integrated control KW - biological control KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15577843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+and+new+integrated+pest+management+approaches&rft.au=DeVault%2C+J+D%3BHughes%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+O+A%3BNarang%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=DeVault&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; reviews; pests; biological control; integrated control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental rate as a function of temperature in northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 15576566; 3908136 AB - Development of immature northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, was studied at 7 constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 31.5 degree C. Development occurred at all temperatures, however, survival was lowest at 15 and 31.5 degree C for both males and females. The proportion of time spent in each life stage from hatch to adult emergence was independent of sex and approximately 15% for 1st instars, 18% for 2nd instars, 41% for 3rd instars, and 25% for the pupal stage. Developmental times, from hatch to adult emergence, between males and females were substantially different. A developmental threshold of 10.2 degree C was estimated for development from hatch to adult emergence. Development from hatch to adult emergence was fastest at 30 degree C, taking approximately 28 d, and slowest at 15 degree C taking 98 d. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Woodson, W D AU - Jackson, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., Rural Route # 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 226 EP - 230 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15576566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Developmental+rate+as+a+function+of+temperature+in+northern+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D%3BJackson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica barberi; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating spring cankerworm (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) preference for Siberian elm clones AN - 15576501; 3908104 AB - We evaluated the preferences of larval spring cankerworm, Paleacrita vernata (Peck), for 36 Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., clones in laboratory experiments. These clones were selected for superior morphological characteristics, apparent nonpreference by cankerworms, or possible disease resistance. First-instar larvae consumed less leaf area of clones 030, 053, 400, 422, and 425 than most of the other 31 clones evaluated, and more leaf area of clones 026, 038, 067, 406, 411, 11737, and to a lesser extent 23 other clones. Third- and 4th-instars were less selective in their choice of leaves. Trichome density apparently influenced leaf area consumed. Clones 030, 043, 050, 053, 400, 425, and 422 had more trichomes per leaf than the other clones. Leaf maturity preferences varied among elm clones; clones with expanding leaves were preferred over clones with more mature leaves. Larval survival on 050, 053, 400, and 425 was lower than most of the other clones. Techniques for comparing feeding preferences can be used in tree improvement programs of Siberian elm. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dix, ME AU - Cunningham, R A AU - King, R M AD - Natl. Agroforest. Cent., Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583-0822, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 58 EP - 62 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Paleacrita vernata KW - host preferences KW - host plants KW - Ulmus pumila KW - Lepidoptera KW - feeding behavior KW - Geometridae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15576501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+spring+cankerworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Geometridae%29+preference+for+Siberian+elm+clones&rft.au=Dix%2C+ME%3BCunningham%2C+R+A%3BKing%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Dix&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paleacrita vernata; Ulmus pumila; Lepidoptera; Geometridae; host plants; host preferences; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on infection and mortality of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae by two entomopathogenic nematode species AN - 15575915; 3908144 AB - Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston infected pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), larvae over a temperature range of 15.6-38.0 degree C. At temperatures >21.0 degree C, mortality occurred in 24-72 h, but substantial mortality at 15.6 degree C did not occur until 2-6 d later. In some cases, temperatures of 35.6 and 38.0 degree C pink bollworm larval mortality by S. riobravis and S. carpocapsae (Weiser) was lower than temperatures ranging from 21.0 to 32.2 degree C. The adverse effects on efficacy were greater for S. carpocapsae than for S. riobravis. Temperatures of 32.2 degree C and higher and exposure for 48 h or more often resulted in decreased numbers of nematode killed larvae with living nematodes and increased numbers of dead larvae with dead or no nematodes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Forlow Jech, L AU - Burke, R A AU - Lindegren, JE AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040-8830, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 179 EP - 183 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - biological control KW - Gelechiidae KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - larvae KW - mortality KW - infection KW - Nematoda KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15575915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+infection+and+mortality+of+Pectinophora+gossypiella+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+larvae+by+two+entomopathogenic+nematode+species&rft.au=Henneberry%2C+T+J%3BForlow+Jech%2C+L%3BBurke%2C+R+A%3BLindegren%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Henneberry&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; Nematoda; infection; mortality; larvae; biological control; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subtropical Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) swarming dynamics Africanization rates in northeastern Mexico and southern Texas AN - 15575502; 3908143 AB - Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L., swarming dynamics and Africanization rates were monitored over a 5-yr period from 1988 to 1993 in the northeast Mexican State of Tamaulipas and in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas before, during, and after the arrival of the neotropical African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata Ruttner, to these areas. The study reports results obtained from 95,586 site-days of monitoring activities in northeastern Mexico (63 sites on a 200 km long east-west transect), and 68,428 site-days in southern Texas (36 sites on a 120 km long, east-west transect). Africanized honey bee capture rates were higher than European honey bee rates for gulf coastal areas in Mexico where both bee types also showed higher capture rates in agricultural lowlands versus montane areas. In the Texas location, European honey bee capture rates were slightly higher near the gulf coast, but otherwise swarm capture rates were similar across the transect for both Africanized honey bee and European honey bee. Pre-Africanization, European honey bee swarm capture rates were found to vary widely from year to year at each location, ranging from 0.138 to 0.446 swarms/site-month in Mexico and from 0.190 to 0.555 swarms/site-month in Texas. Post-Africanization capture rates were not appreciably different from pre-Africanization rates, ranging from 0.491 to 0.519 swarms/site-month in Mexico and 0.195 to 0.648 swarms/site-month in Texas. Africanization proceeded more quickly in northeastern Mexico where it reached 98% within 2.5 yr after the detection of the 1st Africanized honey bee. In southern Texas Africanization rates reached only 69% during an equivalent time frame. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rubink, W L AU - Luevano-Martinez, P AU - Sugden, E A AU - Wilson, W T AU - Collins, A M AD - Honey Bee Res. Unit, Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 243 EP - 251 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - dispersal KW - Mexico KW - swarming behavior KW - USA, Texas KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15575502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Subtropical+Apis+mellifera+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+swarming+dynamics+Africanization+rates+in+northeastern+Mexico+and+southern+Texas&rft.au=Rubink%2C+W+L%3BLuevano-Martinez%2C+P%3BSugden%2C+E+A%3BWilson%2C+W+T%3BCollins%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Rubink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Texas; Mexico; swarming behavior; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mixed infection of grapevines in northern Italy by phytoplasmas including 16S rRNA RFLP subgroup 16SrI-B strains previously unreported in this host AN - 15574442; 3908072 AB - Grapevine plants of cv. Chardonnay showing symptoms like those of flavescence doree disease in the field in Piemonte, Italy, contained phytoplasmas affiliated with two phylogenetically different 16S rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) groups. These phytoplasmas were detected and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rDNA and by RFLP analysis of amplified DNA as strains belonging to group 16SrI (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and group 16SrV (elm yellows and related phytoplasmas). Thirteen of 16 tested plants contained group 16SrI strains. Twelve contained strains belonging to subgroup 16SrI-G (Italian periwinkle virescence and related phytoplasmas), and one contained only a strain belonging to subgroup 16SrI-B (Maryland aster yellows and related phytoplasmas). One plant that contained a subgroup 16SrI-G phytoplasma strains also contained a strain belonging to group 16SrV. Three plants were doubly infected by subgroup 16SrI-G strains and strains belonging to subgroup 16SrI-B. These results indicate susceptibility of grapevines to infection by three distinct phytoplasmas, and reveal for the first time grapevine infection by subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas and mixed infection of single grapevine plants by strains in two different subgroups in group 16SrI. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alma, A AU - Davis, R E AU - Vibio, M AU - Danielli, A AU - Bosco, D AU - Arzone, A AU - Bertaccini, A AD - USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 418 EP - 421 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vitis vinifera KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Italy KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mixed+infection+of+grapevines+in+northern+Italy+by+phytoplasmas+including+16S+rRNA+RFLP+subgroup+16SrI-B+strains+previously+unreported+in+this+host&rft.au=Alma%2C+A%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BBosco%2C+D%3BArzone%2C+A%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Alma&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vitis vinifera; Italy; phytoplasma; plant diseases; mycoplasma-like organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bionomics of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): An endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies AN - 15574350; 3908112 AB - Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri is a gregarious endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Although widely established in Hawaii, it has been largely overlooked in field surveys. Our objectives were to develop an efficient rearing technique for T. giffardianus, and to determine basic bionomic and demographic parameters, necessary in future augmentative and/or classical biological control programs. Exposure of 5- and 6-d-old Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) larvae to parasitoids at a 5:1 host:parasitoid ratio resulted in relatively high parasitism rates (>55%). Increasing exposure times to parasitoids for greater than or equal to 8 h did not reduced emergence rates. T. giffardianus successfully developed in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. latifrons (Hendel), B. cucurbitae (Coquillet) and C. capitata. Parasitism was highest in B. dorsalis (37%) and lowest in B. cucurbitae (5%). The longevity of ovipositing females was 60% lower than females deprived of hosts. Each female parasitized 9.1 C. capitata larvae in her lifetime and 0.8 plus or minus 0.13 larvae were parasitized per day. At 26 degree C, gross and net reproductive rates were 57.3 and 42.6 progeny per female per day, respectively. Peak parasitism of hosts occurred in 2-d old females, followed by a 2nd peak in 6- to 8-d-old females. The significance of T. giffardianus to biological control of tephritids is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Purcell, M F AU - Van Nieuwenhoven, A AU - Batchelor, MA AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 198 EP - 206 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Tetrastichus giffardianus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Hawaii KW - parasitoids KW - Eulophidae KW - Tephritidae KW - bionomics KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Bionomics+of+Tetrastichus+giffardianus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Eulophidae%29%3A+An+endoparasitoid+of+tephritid+fruit+flies&rft.au=Purcell%2C+M+F%3BVan+Nieuwenhoven%2C+A%3BBatchelor%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Diptera; Hymenoptera; Eulophidae; USA, Hawaii; parasitoids; bionomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brown spot severity and yield of soybeans regenerated from calli resistant to a host-specific pathotoxin produced by Septoria glycines AN - 15574336; 3908052 AB - Regenerated soybean lines from the R sub(3) to R sub(7) generations were field-evaluated for their reactions to Septoria glycines, the brown spot pathogen, from 1991 to 1994. The regenerated lines from cvs. BSR201, Fayette, and L86P-1615 were selected from calli resistant to a host-specific pathotoxin produced by S. glycines. Selected resistant plants to the pathogen from the R sub(3) generation produced R sub(4) progeny that were resistant, intermediate and susceptible in their reaction to S. glycines in 1991. In 1992, 1993, and 1994 among the R sub(3) to R sub(7) generations, brown spot reaction was only intermediate and susceptible. F sub(3) families obtained from a cross between R sub(3) regenerants and BSR201 had low heritability (23%) for resistance to S. glycines. Lines in the R sub(5) or R sub(6) generation, obtained originally from plants regenerated from calli of BSR201 that had intermediate and susceptible reactions to S. glycines in 1992, and five commercial soybean cultivars were evaluated for brown spot resistance, maturity, and yield in 1993 and 1994. Area-under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), maturity, and yield varied among entries. The 10 lines selected with an intermediate reaction had lower AUDPC, matured later, and had higher yields than the nine susceptible lines. Three regenerated lines, 2728, 2733, and 2734, had significantly (P = 0.05) lower AUDPC, later maturity, and higher yields than the other regenerated lines. AUDPC was significantly (P = 0.01) negatively correlated to yield (r = -0.29), to plant height (r = -0.74) and number of nodes (r = -0.39); but positively correlated to pods having 0 seed (r = 0.44) and two seeds (r = 0.49). JF - Plant Disease AU - Lee, G B AU - Hartman, G L AU - Lim, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Protection Res. Unit and Dep. Crop Sci., UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 408 EP - 413 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Septoria glycines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - brown spot KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Brown+spot+severity+and+yield+of+soybeans+regenerated+from+calli+resistant+to+a+host-specific+pathotoxin+produced+by+Septoria+glycines&rft.au=Lee%2C+G+B%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BLim%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; brown spot; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 15569658; 3903463 AB - The toxicity of 55 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was tested on larvae of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). The 7 isolates that were most toxic to larvae as centrifugation pellets were tested against adult flies as either pellets or acetone/lactose precipitates made from resuspended pellets. The 5 isolates most toxic to adult flies were an unidentified Guatemalan isolate, and 4 isolates from larvae that died after eating pellets from isolates HD 565 (serovar 5a5c; subsp. canadensis), HD 199 (serovar 10; subsp. darmstadiensis), isolates killed 65-80% of adults in 10 d after feeding on them for 2 d, compared with 2.7% mortality in controls. The other two isolates (an isolate from a larva that died after eating pellets from HD 146 [serovar 10; darmstadiensis] and a second unidentified Guatemalan isolate) killed 40% of adults in the same experiment. Isolates that were most toxic to larvae were not necessarily most toxic to adults and vice versa. The toxic principals were characterized as endotoxins based on their water insolubility and heat lability. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Martinez, A J AU - Garcia, JA AU - Diaz, M AU - Romero, C AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., USDA-ARS, 2301 South Intl. Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 104 EP - 110 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pathogens KW - Tephritidae KW - toxicity KW - Diptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15569658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+to+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BMartinez%2C+A+J%3BGarcia%2C+JA%3BDiaz%2C+M%3BRomero%2C+C&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diptera; Tephritidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Anastrepha ludens; toxicity; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetrodotoxin protects German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from type I pyrethroid and carbamate insecticide poisoning AN - 15566940; 3903969 AB - Injection of a sublethal dose (0.1 mu g) of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a sodium channel blocker, was shown to block activity in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L), ventral cord in vivo and in situ. TTX provided partial protection from the toxicity of type I pyrethroids, carbamates and DDT, but little protection from type II pyrethroids, organophosphates, nicotine or muscarine. Pretreatment with sublethal doses of permethrin or cypermethrin resulted in a 1.7- to 2.6-fold synergism of bendiocarb, but did not substantially change the toxicity of chlorpyrifos or malathion. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Moss, JI AU - Scott, J G AD - Med. & Veterinary Entomology Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainessville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - biological poisons KW - carbamates KW - pesticides (carbamates) KW - pyrethroids KW - tetrodotoxin KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - toxicity KW - Blattellidae KW - Blattodea KW - Blattella germanica KW - Q4 27390:Toxins KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products KW - X 24173:Animals KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Tetrodotoxin+protects+German+cockroaches+%28Dictyoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29+from+type+I+pyrethroid+and+carbamate+insecticide+poisoning&rft.au=Moss%2C+JI%3BScott%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; biological poisons; toxicity; tetrodotoxin; Blattellidae; Blattodea; Blattella germanica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a triticale resistant to the greenbug: An historical perspective AN - 15566385; 3906479 AB - A greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] resistant strain of rye (Secale cereale L.) 'Insave F.A.' from Argentina was crossed with 'Chinese Spring' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and also with 'Elbon' and 'Balbo' cultivars of common rye. Juvenile plants of the primary wheat X rye hybrid were treated with colchicine. Partially fertile amphidiploid were obtained that are resistant to greenbug Biotype B and C. F sub(1) and F sub(2) populations of seedling plants derived from crosses of 'Insave F.A.' with 'Elbon' and 'Balbo' rye were tested for reaction to the greenbug to determine the genetic basis of inheritance. The results confirmed previous reports that resistance in 'Insave F.A.' is conditioned by a single dominant gene. JF - Euphytica AU - Sebesta, EE AU - Wood, EA Jr AU - Porter AU - Webster, JA AD - USDA/ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 65 EP - 67 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - amphiploidy KW - triticale KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - pest resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Schizaphis graminum KW - Aphididae KW - cross-breeding KW - Homoptera KW - Secale cereale KW - plant breeding KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+triticale+resistant+to+the+greenbug%3A+An+historical+perspective&rft.au=Sebesta%2C+EE%3BWood%2C+EA+Jr%3BPorter%3BWebster%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Sebesta&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; cross-breeding; plant breeding; Triticum aestivum; Schizaphis graminum; Aphididae; Secale cereale; Homoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetics and mapping of barley stripe mosaic virus resistance in barley AN - 15566127; 3905457 AB - The inheritance of resistance to barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in barley was investigated in the Steptoe/Morex doubled haploid population developed by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project. The number of resistant (66) and susceptible (84) progeny approximated a 1:1 ratio, indicating that a single gene was involved in conferring resistance to BSMV strain CV42 in Morex barley. This resistance gene was mapped to the centromeric region of the plus (short) arm of chromosome 1, based on its linkage to molecular markers on the Steptoe/Morex map, and was found to cosegregate with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker ABC455. Marker ABG011 was located 6.1 centimorgans (cM) distal to the resistance locus. The nearest opposite flanking marker mapped was Amy2, located at a distance of 8.1 cM and on the other side of the centromere. The identification of a cosegregating marker may facilitate both the selection for BSMV resistance in barley breeding programs and the high resolution mapping of the centromeric region in the vicinity of this locus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Edwards, M C AU - Steffenson, B J AD - USDA/ARS, Northern Crop Sci. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 184 EP - 187 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - chromosome 1 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - plant protection KW - gene mapping KW - barley stripe mosaic virus KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+mapping+of+barley+stripe+mosaic+virus+resistance+in+barley&rft.au=Edwards%2C+M+C%3BSteffenson%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barley stripe mosaic virus; Hordeum vulgare; disease resistance; plant protection; gene mapping; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A tracer test to determine the fate of nitrate in shallow groundwater AN - 13640340; 199702171 AB - Fourteen multi-level samplers, 6 piezometers and 9 tensiometers were installed in fine sandy loam soil at Beltsville. Soil profile characteristics are presented. Nitrate-nitrogen removal was assessed using a constant head single injection of bromide tracer with and without 4.17 mM dextrose-C. Contours of travel time are depicted and denitrification rates spatially represented. Average nitrate removal rate was 1.06 and 0.33 g nitrogen per m2.d with and without added carbon, respectively, and indicated microbial nitrogen removal. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Starr, J L AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Parkin, T B AU - Meisinger, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 917 EP - 923 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13640340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+tracer+test+to+determine+the+fate+of+nitrate+in+shallow+groundwater&rft.au=Starr%2C+J+L%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BParkin%2C+T+B%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in agroecosystems affects groundwater quality AN - 13639185; 199702169 AB - Three replicate split plots of soybean (Glycine max) or grass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in open top field chambers were exposed to between 364 and 357.5 or between 705 and 731.7 ul carbon dioxide per litre in 1992 and 1993. Nitrogen-15 depleted ammonium nitrate fertilizer was applied to half the plots. Samples of soil were collected weekly from a depth of 90 cm between July 1992 and May 1994 and analysed for nitrate nitrogen. Isotope analysis indicated the primary source of nitrate in the soil solution below the root zone to be derived from the decomposition of organic matter. Nitrate in soil under soybean was higher than under grain sorghum. Higher concentrations of carbon dioxide increased the total dry weight, total nitrogen and carbon:nitrogen ratio of the residue returned to the soil and decreased the nitrate below the root zone for both crops. Retention of nitrogen in organic pools resulting from increased carbon dioxide reduced the nitrate in groundwater agroecosystems. There are 37 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Torbert, HA AU - Prior, SA AU - Rogers, H H AU - Schlesinger, W H AU - Mullins, G L AU - Runion, G B AD - USDA-ARS, Temple, Tex. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 720 EP - 726 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Analysis KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13639185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Elevated+atmospheric+carbon+dioxide+in+agroecosystems+affects+groundwater+quality&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H%3BMullins%2C+G+L%3BRunion%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of GIS to the modelling of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone: a conference overview AN - 13638660; 199700001 AB - The degradation of groundwater by nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants is of growing public concern. Nonpoint source pollutants pose a great threat to soil and groundwater resources because of the areal extent of their contamination and the difficulty of effective remediation. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to assess the impact of NPS pollutants. Geographical information systems (GIS) are required to manipulate, store, retrieve and display the large volumes of spatial data. The modelling of NPS pollutants with GIS is reviewed. Papers presented at the 1995 Bouyoucos Conference 'Application of GIS to the Modelling of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone', held in Riverside, California, in May 1995 are described. Points for future study were identified. There are 80 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Corwin, D L AU - Wagenet, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 403 EP - 411 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13638660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Application+of+GIS+to+the+modelling+of+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone%3A+a+conference+overview&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BWagenet%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS modelling of recharge on a watershed AN - 13637627; 199700101 AB - A flow model to predict the distribution of recharge-contributing areas on a watershed was developed. Thirty-one sets of field-measured soil water content, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and depth to water measurements were used as input. Variogram models described the spatial structure and extent of continuity in measured parameters of the flow equation. The spatial distributions of input were interpolated by kriging and assigned to the pixels in geographical information system (GIS) overlays representing a catchment. The model was applied to a 123 km2 experimental watershed in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Comparison with field data suggested that flow may occur through only a portion of total pore space. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Rogowski, A S AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, Pa. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 463 EP - 474 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13637627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=GIS+modelling+of+recharge+on+a+watershed&rft.au=Rogowski%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Rogowski&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos in highly contaminated soils and in liquid wastes AN - 13636994; 199702432 AB - Soil samples were collected from 8 pits which received coumaphos cattle dip waste, and the degradation of coumaphos in soil slurries was measured. The coumaphos concentrations in the soils were from 150-240,000 mg per litre. Rapid coumaphos degradation occurred in 6 soil slurries. Treating the slurries with active coumaphos degrading cultures or with additional coumaphos resulted in similar degradation rates to untreated soils. The other 2 slurries showed a 40 d lag time before significant degradation occurred. Passing dip vat waste through biofilters reduced the coumaphos concentrations in the liquid. Treating the biofilter with a biocide showed that coumaphos particles were still filtered but coumaphos concentrations decreased more slowly and to a lesser extent than in untreated filters, indicating that biodegradation contributed to coumaphos removal. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Mulbry, W W AU - Del Valle, PL AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA/ARS, West Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 149 EP - 155 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Manure slurries KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13636994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+the+organophosphate+insecticide+coumaphos+in+highly+contaminated+soils+and+in+liquid+wastes&rft.au=Mulbry%2C+W+W%3BDel+Valle%2C+PL%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Mulbry&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration estimates under deficient water supplies AN - 13636263; 199702046 AB - The current state of evapotranspiration equations is evaluated and the differences among empirical and energy balance forms are compared with data obtained under 3 different irrigation regimes. The work concentrated on the Penman-Monteith (PM) and Priestley-Taylor (PT) equations for reference evapotranspiration. The more components the energy balance model incorporated the more consistent the results which were then less dependent on locally derived coefficients. To estimate actual evapotranspiration, the PT equation with an adjusted coefficient for available soil water and the PM equation with a variable surface resistance were compared to water use for 3 crops, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and gross forage, at 2 locations. Both models provided acceptable results, but the PM equation using daily meteorological data input was more consistent over the growing season. The PT equation overestimated actual evapotranspiration when crops were limited in soil water. Irrigation scheduling using the PM equation required daily meteorological data, an estimate of available soil water depletion and a measurement of crop leaf area. There are 46 references. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Allen, R G AD - USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 301 EP - 308 VL - 122 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pt KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13636263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+estimates+under+deficient+water+supplies&rft.au=Hatfield%2C+J+L%3BAllen%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating polyacrylamide concentration in irrigation water AN - 13635891; 199702835 AB - An instrumental flocculation test was developed for water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) in irrigation water. PAM was frequently added at concentrations of 0.25-10 mg per litre to control irrigation-induced erosion. A kaolinite mineral standard was mixed with a PAM-treated water sample, agitated, then placed in a spectrophotometer. The PAM concentration was correlated with settling-related transmittance changes. The endpoint of the procedure was identified by the time needed to initiate suspension clearing, termed the clarity-shift inflection (CSI). The procedure was sensitive to the amount of kaolinite, sample volume, water salinity and the original sediment content. A 10 per cent change in these factors altered CSI by 10-15 per cent; the sediment affected CSI by increasing the sample's dissolved organic carbon. If sediment concentrations were unknown, precision was 10 per cent for a concentration of 0.2-5 mg PAM per litre and 3 per cent for a concentration of 2.5-10.0 mg PAM per litre. Low range precision could be improved to 3 per cent if the sediment levels were measured. The PAM concentration in runoff equalled that of the inflow stream after 3 h continuous treatment at 10 mg per litre. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lentz, R D AU - Sojka, R E AU - Foerster, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Kimberley, Idaho Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1015 EP - 1024 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13635891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Estimating+polyacrylamide+concentration+in+irrigation+water&rft.au=Lentz%2C+R+D%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BFoerster%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical distribution of codling moth adults in pheromoneatreated and untreated plots AN - 902356037; 14666147 AB - The vertical distribution of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) within pheromone-treated and untreated apple and pear orchard canopies was determined using tethered virgin females, unbaited sticky traps, and blacklight observation of released moths. Mating of virgin females tethered at various heights in untreated orchard canopies increased with placement height from 1-4 m. Application of pheromone dispensers for mating disruption at 2 and 4 m above the ground greatly decreased mating. Greatest capture of males and females on unbaited sticky traps occurred at mid- and upper-canopy heights. Total capture of males and females in pheromone-treated plots was not statistically different than in untreated plots. The percentage of mated females captured on sticky traps did not vary with trap height or pheromone treatment. Released moths marked with fluorescent powder and observed at dark with a blacklight indicated that moths are primarily distributed high in the canopy. However, males shifted to a position lower in the canopy when pheromone dispensers were placed 2.1 m above the ground. Results suggest that pheromone dispensers be placed in the upper canopy for optimal disruption of codling moth mating. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Weissling, Thomas J AU - Knight, Alan L AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 271 EP - 275 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Canopies KW - Mating disruption KW - Orchards KW - Pheromones KW - Powder KW - Traps KW - Vertical distribution KW - Malus KW - Cydia pomonella KW - R 18050:Chemoreception correlates of behavior KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902356037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Vertical+distribution+of+codling+moth+adults+in+pheromoneatreated+and+untreated+plots&rft.au=Weissling%2C+Thomas+J%3BKnight%2C+Alan+L&rft.aulast=Weissling&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1995.tb02324.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mating disruption; Powder; Vertical distribution; Pheromones; Traps; Canopies; Orchards; Malus; Cydia pomonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb02324.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of dietary copper sulfate on infectious proventriculitis. AN - 77922738; 8825586 AB - Oral inoculation of day-old broiler chicks with a crude homogenate of affected proventricular tissue, or the same homogenate filtered through a .2 micron filter caused proventricular lesions similar to those responsible for carcass contamination of broilers at processing. Dietary copper sulfate (CUS) has also been shown to produce similar lesions. In this study, we investigated the interaction between crude proventriculus homogenate or filtered proventriculus homogenate and 1 g/kg CUS added to a standard chicken diet. Cobb x Cobb female broiler chicks were distributed into six groups with four replicate battery pens per group. Birds were fed either a standard broiler starter diet or the same diet with 1 g/kg CUS. Each dietary treatment was inoculated per os with 1 mL of either sterile saline, unfiltered homogenate, or filtered homogenate. Both crude and filtered homogenates had a much stronger affect on proventriculus score than did Cu by itself, resulting in no interaction between either homogenate or filtrate and CUS. There was a significant and possibly antagonistic interaction on proventriculus relative weights in the CUS by filtrate group during Week 1 and a synergistic interaction in the CUS by homogenate group during Week 4. Body weights were decreased in birds fed homogenate or CUS, but not in birds fed filtrate. There was a protective effect shown by filtrate on body weight of birds fed both filtrate and CUS only during Week 1. There was a synergistic decrease in body weight of birds fed homogenate and CUS during Week 2. Overall feed conversion efficiency was significantly decreased in the homogenate treatment (P = .04) and decreased in the birds fed CUS (P = .1). There was a (4.2 vs 2.3) (P = .1) decrease in feed conversion efficiency in birds fed both homogenate and CUS. Natural exposure to low levels of the infectious agent present in the homogenates may interact with excess dietary CUS, resulting in increased proventriculus size and decrease in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. JF - Poultry science AU - Bayyari, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Beasley, J N AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1961 EP - 1969 VL - 74 IS - 12 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Tissue Extracts KW - 0 KW - Copper Sulfate KW - LRX7AJ16DT KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Tissue Extracts -- analysis KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Tissue Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Diet KW - Drug Synergism KW - Female KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Stomach Diseases -- veterinary KW - Stomach Diseases -- pathology KW - Proventriculus -- chemistry KW - Poultry Diseases -- pathology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Proventriculus -- drug effects KW - Copper Sulfate -- pharmacology KW - Copper Sulfate -- analysis KW - Proventriculus -- pathology KW - Copper Sulfate -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77922738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+dietary+copper+sulfate+on+infectious+proventriculitis.&rft.au=Bayyari%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBeasley%2C+J+N%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Bayyari&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of aflatoxin and fumonisin B1-containing culture material on growing barrows. AN - 77866424; 8599531 AB - Aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated and fumonisin B1 (FB1)-contaminated (culture material from Fusarium moniliforme) diets were fed singly and in combination to growing cross-bred barrows. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each; mean body weight, 17.5 kg) per group were fed: 0 mg of AF and 0 mg of FB1/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF plus 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed for 35 days. The effects on production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic measurements were evaluated. Body weight, gain, and feed consumption were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by AF and AF plus FB1 diets. The FB1 diet decreased feed consumption, and although body weight was numerically decreased, it was not statistically significant. Aflatoxin increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and total iron concentration and decreased urea nitrogen concentration and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. The FB1-alone diet increased serum GGT activity, whereas the AF plus FB1 diet increased serum aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities, increased RBC count, triglycerides, and total iron concentrations, and decreased unsaturated iron-binding capacity and urea nitrogen concentration. For the most part, the effects of the AF plus FB1 diet on body weight and hematologic measurements could be considered additive. However, the effect of the AF plus FB1 diet on cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities was greater than additive and was a synergistic response. One pig in the FB1-diet group and 2 pigs in the combination-diet group died. Postmortem lesions in pigs of the FB1-diet group consisted of ascites and increased liver weight. Observations at necropsy for pigs of the AF plus FB1-diet group consisted of hydrothorax, ascites, pulmonary edema, gastric erosions and ulceration, and increased liver and spleen weights. The AF diet increased relative liver weight and resulted in liver that was pale, rubbery, and resistant to cutting. Histologic lesions consisted of hepatic necrosis or degeneration, or both, with variable degrees of bile duct proliferation in barrows of the AF-diet groups. Renal tubular nephrosis was observed in barrows of the FB1-diet group, but this was not consistent in the AF plus FB1-diet group. Cell-mediated immunity, as measured by mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic stimulation index, was decreased in barrows of the AF and FB1-diet groups, and values in barrows given the combination diet were significantly decreased from those in barrows given the single toxin diets. It was concluded that AF and FB1 (from culture material), singly or in combination, can adversely affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values and induce lesions in growing barrows. For most of the variables we evaluated under our study conditions and dosages of toxins, measurements were affected more by the combination diet than by either single toxin diet, and the toxic responses could be described as additive or more than additive, particularly for induction of liver disease. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA-ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1668 EP - 1672 VL - 56 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Fusarium KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Cholinesterases -- blood KW - Random Allocation KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Iron -- blood KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Lung -- anatomy & histology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Erythrocyte Count -- veterinary KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- standards KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77866424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+aflatoxin+and+fumonisin+B1-containing+culture+material+on+growing+barrows.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharaoh ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colony development after consumption of pyriproxyfen baits. AN - 77742771; 8537545 AB - Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), colonies were effectively controlled following ingestion of pyriproxyfen formulated in peanut butter oil. Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, reduced egg production in the queens, decreased the amount of brood due to delayed death in the eggs and larvae, caused death of pupae about 3 wk after treatment, and decreased the number of workers due to attrition and toxic effects. Queens, which continued to produce a small amount of eggs, eventually died. Queen death may have been caused by lack of workers required to tend them, old age or toxic effects. At concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1%, pyriproxyfen was more effective than the once commercially available bait, Pharorid (methoprene) for the control of the Pharaoh ant. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Vail, K M AU - Williams, D F AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1695 EP - 1702 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Juvenile Hormones KW - 0 KW - Pyridines KW - pyriproxyfen KW - 3Q9VOR705O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Female KW - Ants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77742771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Pharaoh+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+colony+development+after+consumption+of+pyriproxyfen+baits.&rft.au=Vail%2C+K+M%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Vail&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation and utilization of xylan by the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium. AN - 77708063; 8534103 AB - The cross-feeding of xyland hydrolysis products between the xylanolytic bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c and the xylooligosaccharide-fermenting bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium GA192 was investigated. Cultures were grown anaerobically in complex medium containing oat spelt xylan, and the digestion of xylan and the generation and subsequent utilization of xylooligosaccharide intermediates were monitored over time. Monocultures of B. fibrisolvens rapidly degraded oat spelt xylan, and a pool of extracellular degradation intermediates composed of low-molecular-weight xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose through xylopentaose and larger, unidentified oligomers) accumulated in these cultures. The ability of S. ruminantium to utilize the products of xylanolysis by B. fibrisolvens was demonstrated by its ability to grow on xylan that had first been digested by the extracellular xylanolytic enzymes of B. fibrisolvens. Although enzymatic hydrolysis converted the xylan to soluble products, this alone was not sufficient to assure complete utilization by S. ruminantium, and considerable quantities of oligosaccharides remained following growth. Stable xylan-utilizing cocultures of S. ruminantium and B. fibrisolvens were established, and the utilization of xylan was monitored. Despite the presence of an oligosaccharide-fermenting organism, accumulations of acid-alcohol soluble products were still noted; however, the composition of carbohydrates present in these cultures differed from that seen when B. fibrisolvens was cultivated alone. Residual carbohydrates present at various times during growth were of higher average degree of polymerization in cocultures than in cultures of B. fibrisolvens alone. Structural characterization of these residual products may help define the limitations on the assimilation of xylooligosaccharides by ruminal bacteria. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cotta, M A AU - Zeltwanger, R L AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 4396 EP - 4402 VL - 61 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Xylans KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- metabolism KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Xylans -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77708063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Degradation+and+utilization+of+xylan+by+the+ruminal+bacteria+Butyrivibrio+fibrisolvens+and+Selenomonas+ruminantium.&rft.au=Cotta%2C+M+A%3BZeltwanger%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):40-6 [8439166] Arch Microbiol. 1992;157(2):176-82 [1550443] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3557-63 [8285663] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Oct 1;122(3):217-22 [7988863] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1757-62 [7646013] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Aug;61(8):3042-50 [7487036] J Bacteriol. 1956 Aug;72(2):162-7 [13366893] J Bacteriol. 1958 Jul;76(1):15-23 [13563384] J Bacteriol. 1965 Jun;89:1515-20 [14291590] J Bacteriol. 1966 May;91(5):1724-9 [5937235] Appl Microbiol. 1970 Sep;20(3):362-8 [5530342] Fed Proc. 1973 Jul;32(7):1819-25 [4718900] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):572-6 [3994365] Proc Nutr Soc. 1987 Sep;46(3):407-13 [3324099] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2849-53 [3124741] J Dairy Sci. 1990 Oct;73(10):3013-22 [2283426] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Dec;56(12):3867-70 [1707252] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jan;58(1):48-54 [1539992] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1993 Nov 1;113(3):291-6 [8270194] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic carbon content and rates of sequestration in soils of Albania AN - 52861037; 1996-029451 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zdruli, Pandi AU - Eswaran, Hari AU - Kimble, John Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1684 EP - 1687 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - isotopes KW - Vertisols KW - Europe KW - Holocene KW - temperature KW - Southern Europe KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - carbon KW - absolute age KW - water regimes KW - Albania KW - organic carbon KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - Quaternary KW - Alfisols KW - organic compounds KW - Inceptisols KW - wetlands KW - residence time KW - C-14 KW - upper Holocene KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52861037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Organic+carbon+content+and+rates+of+sequestration+in+soils+of+Albania&rft.au=Zdruli%2C+Pandi%3BEswaran%2C+Hari%3BKimble%2C+John&rft.aulast=Zdruli&rft.aufirst=Pandi&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Albania; Alfisols; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Europe; Holocene; Inceptisols; isotopes; Mollisols; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; residence time; soils; Southern Europe; temperature; upper Holocene; Vertisols; water regimes; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic regulation of cercosporin production inCercospora kikuchii AN - 21264016; 11724295 AB - The large and diverseCercospora genus of plant pathogenic fungi includes many species that are causal agents of economically relevant leaf, stem, and seed blights of numerous crop plants. Several of these pathogens produce the red, photoactivated, phytotoxic polyketide toxin cercosporin. This mycotoxin is a crucial pathogenicity factor in the development of leaf and pod blights by the seed-borne soybean fungal pathogenCercospora kikuchii. Although certain cultivars may be less susceptible to the leaf- and pod-infection phases of the fungus, there are no soybean cultivars with resistance to cercosporin. A newly isolated gene fromC. kikuchil, known as LE6, is essential for cercosporin production and pathogenicity. Therefore, genetic manipulation of this gene may affect resistance to cercosporin. Transcription of LE6 is regulated by light. The expression of cercosporin also may be inhibited by certain growth media and other natural products. Modification of cultivar screens that target LE6 may greatly enhance the possibility of finding native resistance to this soybean pathogen. Soybean germplasm that produces strong LE6 downregulating or inhibiting compounds may enhance pathogen resistance. Thus knowledge of the genetic and physiological regulation of cercosporin should provide new technological strategies for biocontrol of mycotoxins and the development of soybean breeding lines that exhibit durable resistance toC. kikuchii. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Upchurch, R G AD - USDA, ARS, 2403 Gardner Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 27695-7616 Raleigh, North Carolina Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 1435 EP - 1438 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - cercosporin KW - Seeds KW - Fungi KW - Plant breeding KW - Leaves KW - Transcription KW - natural products KW - Pathogens KW - Crops KW - Light effects KW - Soybeans KW - Oil KW - Mycotoxins KW - Pathogenicity KW - Blight KW - polyketides KW - Germplasm KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21264016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Genetic+regulation+of+cercosporin+production+inCercospora+kikuchii&rft.au=Upchurch%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Upchurch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02577834 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; cercosporin; Seeds; Fungi; Leaves; Plant breeding; Transcription; natural products; Pathogens; Crops; Soybeans; Light effects; Oil; Mycotoxins; Pathogenicity; polyketides; Blight; Germplasm DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02577834 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genetic hybrid of the Campylobacter jejuni flaA gene with LT-B of Escherichia coli and assessment of the efficacy of the hybrid protein as an oral chicken vaccine AN - 16303664; 4248360 AB - The objectives of this study were to produce Campylobacter jejuni flagellin fused to the B-subunit of the labile toxin (LT-B) of Escherichia coli and to assess the efficacy of the hybrid protein as a chicken vaccine. Part of the flaA gene (780 base pairs) was cloned in plasmid pBEB downstream and in frame with the LT-B to allow expression of a hybrid protein. Transformed E. coli chi 6097 expressed the hybrid protein (43 kdaltons) in inclusion bodies at mid log phase. The inclusion bodies were isolated, and the identity of the protein was verified by western blot. This hybrid protein was administered as a vaccine to chickens either orally (0, 250, 500, or 1000 mu g total protein) or intramuscularly (250 or 1000 mu g). Alimentary secretions were collected, and specific antibodies were assayed by western blot analyses. Seventy-two percent of the birds vaccinated orally with 1000 mu g protein showed detectable antibodies against C. jejuni flagellin in the excreta. None of the control birds produced detectable antibody to this antigen. For trials to demonstrate clearance of Campylobacter, groups of chickens were vaccinated with the hybrid protein at 2 and 4 wk of age and challenged at 3 wk with an excess of C. jejuni. The number of birds that remained colonized at 5 wk of age was significantly lower among the vaccinated birds than among controls. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Khoury, CA AU - Meinsersmann, R J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Russell Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 812 EP - 820 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - flaA gene KW - labile toxin KW - labile toxin-B KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - A 01102:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16303664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+genetic+hybrid+of+the+Campylobacter+jejuni+flaA+gene+with+LT-B+of+Escherichia+coli+and+assessment+of+the+efficacy+of+the+hybrid+protein+as+an+oral+chicken+vaccine&rft.au=Khoury%2C+CA%3BMeinsersmann%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Khoury&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization of genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis to DNA of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic aspergilli AN - 15810099; 3998162 AB - Southern blots of DNA from a number of aspergilli belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi, including aflatoxin-producing and non-aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, were probed with the aflatoxin pathway genes aflR and omt-1. DNA of all A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. sojae isolates examined hybridized with both genes. None of the A. oryzae isolates examined hybridized to the aflR probe and one of the three did not hybridize to the omt-1 probe. None of the A. tamarii isolates examined hybridized to either gene. Our results suggest that some isolates in this infection do not produce aflatoxin because they lack at least one of the genes necessary for biosynthesis, and that non-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. sojae strains either lack a gene we did not examine or have genes that are not being expressed. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Klich, MA AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P-K AU - Mullaney, E J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 439 EP - 443 VL - 44 IS - 3-4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - gene expression KW - hybridization analysis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus KW - aflatoxins KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - G 07331:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15810099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hybridization+of+genes+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+to+DNA+of+aflatoxigenic+and+non-aflatoxigenic+aspergilli&rft.au=Klich%2C+MA%3BYu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P-K%3BMullaney%2C+E+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aflatoxins; Aspergillus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotations with coastal bermudagrass and fallow for management of Meloidogyne incognita and soilborne fungi on vegetable crops AN - 15809473; 4000563 AB - The efficacy of fallow and coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (Hibiscus esculentus cv. Emerald), squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Dixie Hybrid), and sweet corn (Zea mays cv. Merit) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. Numbers of M. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra and squash than sweet corn and declined over the years on vegetable crops following fallow and coastal bermudagrass sod. Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. were isolated most frequently from soil and dying okra plants. Numbers of colony-forming units of soilborne fungi generally declined as the number of years in sod increased, but were not affected by coastal bermudagrass sod. Yields of okra following 2-year and 3-year sod and squash following 2-year sod were greater than those following fallow. Yield of sweet corn was not different following fallow and coastal bermudagrass sod. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Johnson, A W AU - Burton, G W AU - Wilson, J P AU - Golden, A M AD - USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 457 EP - 464 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fungi KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Cynodon dactylon KW - vegetables KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Rotations+with+coastal+bermudagrass+and+fallow+for+management+of+Meloidogyne+incognita+and+soilborne+fungi+on+vegetable+crops&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+W%3BBurton%2C+G+W%3BWilson%2C+J+P%3BGolden%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cynodon dactylon; vegetables; biological control; plant protection; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of concentration on persistence of alachlor in soil AN - 15789562; 3991174 AB - To determine the behavior of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)- N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-acetamide] at concentrations common with spill and waste disposal sites, alachlor degradation was determined over a concentration range of 10 to 10 000 mg/kg in a Webster clay loam (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) and an Estherville sandy loam (sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) in laboratory incubation experiments. Effect of concentration on the overall behavior of alachlor was similar in both soils. Based on percent of applied chemical, persistence of alachlor increased with increasing concentration. Mineralization and formation of degradation products and bound residues decreased at higher concentrations. At 10 000 mg /kg, alachlor was extremely persistent, with estimated 50% dissipation times (DT sub(50)) of 12.6 and 13.5 yr in the Webster and Estherville soil, respectively. Although the DT sub(50) increased with increasing concentration, significant amounts of alachlor, in absolute mass, degraded at higher concentration. However, mineralization at 1000 and 10 000 mg/kg was similar to that at 100 mg/kg. Specific alachlor biodegradation mechanisms, limited water solubility, and kinetics of dissolution of precipitated alachlor and alachlor desorption are postulated as the rate-limiting factors for the degradation of alachlor at elevated levels. A field experiment also indicated alachlor dissipation at high concentration was extremely slow over the first 6 mo after application. Degradation and leaching increased by the following spring. It would appear that an effective remediation means to detoxify alachlor-contaminated soil would be to land-spread the soil, thereby diluting the concentration of alachlor in the soil to <100 mg/kg. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Becker, R L AU - Buhler, D D AD - Soil & Water Res. Manage. Unit, USDA-ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., Rm. 439, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 1162 EP - 1169 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - alachlor KW - degradation KW - fate of pollutants KW - pollutant persistence KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil contamination KW - groundwater pollution KW - mineralization KW - leaching KW - kinetics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+concentration+on+persistence+of+alachlor+in+soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BBecker%2C+R+L%3BBuhler%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alachlor; degradation; mineralization; kinetics; leaching; groundwater pollution; fate of pollutants; soil contamination; pollutant persistence; soil remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the active-site residues of the 3C proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. AN - 77686967; 7491782 AB - To identify the active-site residues of the 3C proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), we introduced mutations into the 3C coding region and examined the activity of mutant enzymes on various substrates. Based on alignment of FMDV 3C with other picornavirus 3C proteinases and with the trypsin family of serine proteinases, mutations were introduced at residues presumed to be part of the catalytic triad, involved in substrate binding, or present in nonconserved regions. Wild-type and mutant 3C proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and tested for their ability to cleave synthetic substrates corresponding to different portions of the viral genome. Substitutions at His-46 (catalytic triad), Asp-84 (catalytic triad), or His-181 (substrate binding) produced enzymes unable to process P1, P2, or P3 substrates in trans, whereas a change in the conserved Asp-98 had no effect on enzyme activity. Substitution of Ser for Cys-163 (catalytic triad) yielded an enzyme that retained activity on some substrates, while a substitution of Gly at this position resulted in a completely inactive enzyme. The kinetics of trans processing of translation products from a transcript encoding the P1 and P2 coding regions and the 2C/3A cleavage site with wild-type 3C or a transcript encoding P1 with 3C mutants revealed that the order of cleavage was VP3-VP1, VP0-VP3, VP1-2A, 2C-3A, and 2B-2C. Mutations in 3C that resulted in a partially active enzyme were individually introduced into full-length FMDV cDNA and RNA transcripts were translated in a cell-free system and used to transfect cells. In all cases the virus that was rescued had reverted to the wild-type 3C codon. JF - Virology AU - Grubman, M J AU - Zellner, M AU - Bablanian, G AU - Mason, P W AU - Piccone, M E AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/10/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 10 SP - 581 EP - 589 VL - 213 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Viral Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - 3C proteases KW - EC 3.4.22.28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Transfection KW - Mutation KW - Binding Sites KW - Aphthovirus -- physiology KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- chemistry KW - Aphthovirus -- enzymology KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77686967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+active-site+residues+of+the+3C+proteinase+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus.&rft.au=Grubman%2C+M+J%3BZellner%2C+M%3BBablanian%2C+G%3BMason%2C+P+W%3BPiccone%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Grubman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-11-10&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial modeling in foods. AN - 77857551; 8777014 AB - Predictive food microbiology is a field of study that combines elements of microbiology, mathematics, and statistics to develop models that describe and predict the growth or decline of microbes under specified environmental conditions. Models can be thought of as having three levels: primary level models describe changes in microbial numbers with time, secondary level models show how the parameters of the primary model vary with environmental conditions, and the tertiary level combines the first two types of models with user-friendly application software or expert systems that calculate microbial behavior under the specified conditions. Primary models include time-to-growth, Gompertz function, exponential growth rate, and inactivation/survival models. Commonly used secondary models are response surface equations and the square root and Arrhenius relationships. Microbial models are valuable tools in planning Hazard Analysis, Critical Control Point (HACCP) programs and making decisions, as they provide the first estimates of expected changes in microbial populations when exposed to a specific set of conditions. This review describes the models currently being developed for food-borne microorganisms, particularly pathogens, and discusses their uses. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Whiting, R C AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 464 EP - 494 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clostridium botulinum -- growth & development KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Mathematics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77857551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Microbial+modeling+in+foods.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal ingestion of ortho-aminoacetophenone during gestation affects intake by offspring. AN - 77784859; 8577889 AB - Ingested flavor chemicals cross the placental barrier and occur in the fetal blood and amniotic fluid. This occurrence is detectable by the fetus, and can influence post parturition feeding. In the present experiment, pregnant mice were offered either 0.1% ortho-aminoacetophenone emulsions (OAP) or water throughout gestation. OAP is normally avoided by mice, apparently on the basis of chemosensory characteristics. Subsequently, offspring were offered 0.5%, 0.25%, or 0.1% OAP in one-bottle tests at 26 or 88 days of age. Offspring of mothers given OAP drank greater amounts of OAP than did offspring of mothers given water. Enhanced acceptance of OAP was not detected in mice exposed to 0.1% OAP as adults for a duration similar to that given during gestation. We conclude that fetal experiences with OAP lowered sensitivity and/or raised tolerance for the compound. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Nolte, D L AU - Mason, J R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Olympia, WA 98512, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 925 EP - 928 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Acetophenones KW - 0 KW - Irritants KW - 2-aminoacetophenone KW - 551-93-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Chemoreceptor Cells -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Acetophenones -- pharmacology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Irritants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77784859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Maternal+ingestion+of+ortho-aminoacetophenone+during+gestation+affects+intake+by+offspring.&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BMason%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genesis of Pennsylvania's limestone soils AN - 52391077; 2000-015293 JF - Agronomy Series (Pennsylvania State University) AU - Ciolkosz, Edward J AU - Cronce, Richard C AU - Sevon, William D AU - Waltman, William J Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 28 PB - Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA VL - 135 KW - United States KW - soils KW - limestone KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Appalachians KW - Mesozoic KW - sedimentary rocks KW - color KW - Triassic KW - parent materials KW - Pennsylvania KW - carbonate rocks KW - Piedmont KW - climate KW - Valley and Ridge Province KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52391077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ciolkosz%2C+Edward+J%3BCronce%2C+Richard+C%3BSevon%2C+William+D%3BWaltman%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Ciolkosz&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Genesis+of+Pennsylvania%27s+limestone+soils&rft.title=Genesis+of+Pennsylvania%27s+limestone+soils&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 72 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diag., 7 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03294 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; carbonate rocks; climate; color; limestone; Mesozoic; North America; parent materials; pedogenesis; Pennsylvania; Piedmont; sedimentary rocks; soils; Triassic; United States; Valley and Ridge Province ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of hydroxy fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids byFlavobacterium sp. DS5 hydratase, a C-10 positional- andcis unsaturation-specific enzyme AN - 21274079; 11724265 AB - A new microbial isolate,Flavobacterium sp. DS5, converted oleic and linoleic acids to their corresponding 10-keto-and 10-hydroxy fatty acids. The hydration enzyme seems to be specific to the C-10 position. Conversion products from a- and g-linolenic acids were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance as 10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic and 10-hydroxy-6(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acids, respectively. Products from other 9(Z)-unsaturated fatty acids also were identified as their corresponding 10-hydroxy- and 10-keto-fatty acids.Trans unsaturated fatty acid was not converted. From these results, it is concluded that strain DS5 hydratase is indeed a C-10 positional-specific andcis-specific enzyme. DS5 hydratase prefers an 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid. Among the C18 unsaturated fatty acids, an additional double bond at either side of the 9,10-position lowers the enzyme hydration activity. Because hydratases from other microbes also convert 9(Z)-unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, the C-10 positional specificity of microbial hydratases may be universal. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, IL Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 1265 EP - 1270 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Hydration KW - Oil KW - g-linolenic acid KW - Gas chromatography KW - Acids KW - Fatty acids KW - Enzymes KW - N.M.R. KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21274079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Production+of+hydroxy+fatty+acids+from+unsaturated+fatty+acids+byFlavobacterium+sp.+DS5+hydratase%2C+a+C-10+positional-+andcis+unsaturation-specific+enzyme&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02546197 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Hydration; g-linolenic acid; Gas chromatography; Acids; Fatty acids; Enzymes; N.M.R.; Mass spectroscopy; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02546197 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and properties of estolides and their esters AN - 21253502; 11724272 AB - Eight lipases were screened for their ability to synthesize estolides from a mixture that contained lesquerolic (14-hydroxy-11-eicosenoic) acid and octadecenoic acid. With the exception ofAspergillus niger lipase, all 1,3-specific enzymes (fromRhizopus arrhizus andRhizomucor miehei lipases) were unable to synthesize estolides.Candida rugosa andGeotrichum lipases catalyzed estolide formation at >40% yield, with >80% of the estolide formed being monoestolide from one lesquerolic and one octadecenoic acyl group:Pseudomonas sp. lipase synthesized estolides at 62% yield, but the product mixture contained significant amounts of monoestolide with two lesquerolic acyl groups as well as diestolide. ImmobilizedR. miehei lipase was chosen to catalyze the esterification of mono-and polyestolide, derived synthetically from oleic acid, with fatty alcohols or a,w-diols. Yields were >95% for fatty alcohol reactions and >60% for diol reactions. In addition, the estolide linkage remained intact through the course of the esterification process. Esterification of estolides improved the estolide's properties--for example, lower viscosity and higher viscosity index--but slightly raised the melting point. Estolides and, particularly, estolide esters may be suitable as lubricants or lubricant additives. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hayes, Douglas G AU - Kleiman, Robert AD - New Crops Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 1309 EP - 1316 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Melting KW - Oil KW - Rugosa KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Viscosity KW - Esterification KW - Lubricants KW - alcohols KW - Enzymes KW - Esters KW - Oleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipase-catalyzed+synthesis+and+properties+of+estolides+and+their+esters&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Douglas+G%3BKleiman%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02546204 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Melting; Triacylglycerol lipase; Viscosity; Esterification; Lubricants; alcohols; Enzymes; Esters; Oleic acid; Rugosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02546204 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renesting by spotted owls AN - 15780843; 3992917 AB - Here we describe three cases of renesting by Spotted Owls in Washington, and present information on the frequency of renesting by Spotted Owls on four study areas in Oregon and Washington. JF - Condor AU - Forsman, ED AU - Giese, A AU - Manson, D AU - Sovern, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest. Sci. Lab., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 1078 EP - 1080 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Strix occidentalis KW - nesting behavior KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Renesting+by+spotted+owls&rft.au=Forsman%2C+ED%3BGiese%2C+A%3BManson%2C+D%3BSovern%2C+S&rft.aulast=Forsman&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis; nesting behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of in utero exposure of lambs to a beta-adrenergic agonist on prenatal and postnatal muscle growth, carcass cutability, and meat tenderness. AN - 77836692; 8617669 AB - The objectives of the present experiment were to examine the effects of in utero exposure to a beta-adrenergic agonist (L644,969) on prenatal and postnatal muscle growth and meat tenderness of lambs. Thirty twin-pregnant Composite IV (1/2 Finnsheep, 1/8 Dorset, 1/8 Rambouillet, 1/8 Targhee, 1/8 Suffolk) ewe lambs were used for this experiment. All ewes were fed an alfalfa hay-corn-based diet throughout gestation and lactation. From d 25 to 95 of gestation, the diet of one-half of the ewes contained 2 ppm of L644,969 on an as-fed basis. Treatment did not ( P > .05) affect lamb weights at any point in the growth cycle (birth to 43 kg). Heart weights of neonatal and market lambs were increased ( P .05). Additionally, treatment did not alter the activities of any of the components of the calpain proteolytic system in neonatal or market lambs. Concomitantly, there was no effect of treatment on myofibril fragmentation index or Warner-Bratzler shear force. Moreover, there was no effect of treatment on muscle fiber type distributions, fiber sizes, or apparent fiber number. It seems that the lack of an effect of treatment on apparent fiber number would explain the lack of an effect on muscle weight. Thus, in utero exposure to L644,969 does not seem to have promise as a method for improving lamb carcass cutability. Other methods of improving the rate and composition of lamb carcass growth while maintaining acceptable meat tenderness must be developed. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Shackelford, S D AU - Wheeler, T L AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 2986 EP - 2993 VL - 73 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Pyridines KW - 6-amino-alpha-(((1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino)methyl)-3-pyridine methanol KW - 103583-08-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays -- standards KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Muscle Fibers, Skeletal -- ultrastructure KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Hypertrophy -- pathology KW - Sheep Diseases -- pathology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Sheep Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Medicago sativa -- standards KW - Hypertrophy -- chemically induced KW - Hypertrophy -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Male KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- adverse effects KW - Sheep -- embryology KW - Body Composition -- physiology KW - Sheep -- growth & development KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Meat -- standards KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- embryology KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Muscle Development KW - Pyridines -- administration & dosage KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- growth & development KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Pyridines -- pharmacology KW - Pyridines -- adverse effects KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77836692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+in+utero+exposure+of+lambs+to+a+beta-adrenergic+agonist+on+prenatal+and+postnatal+muscle+growth%2C+carcass+cutability%2C+and+meat+tenderness.&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+S+D%3BWheeler%2C+T+L%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2986&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation-induced cell lethality of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028: cooperative effect of hydroxyl radical and oxygen. AN - 77575508; 7568769 AB - The lethality of gamma-radiation doses of 0.2 to 1.0 kGy for Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 was measured in the presence of air, N2 and N2O and with the hydroxyl radical scavengers formate and polyethylene glycol (PEG), M(r) 8,000. Saturation of cell suspensions with either N2O or N2/N2O (1:1, v/v) gas was expected to double the number of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and to produce an equivalent increase in lethality, but this did not occur. Adding 10% (v/v) O2 to either N2 or N2O gas produced approximately the same gamma-irradiation lethality for S. typhimurium as did air. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers, 40 mM formate and 1.5% (w/v) PEG, significantly reduced the lethality of gamma radiation for S. typhimurium in the presence of air but not in the presence of N2 or N2O gases. Membrane-permeable formate provided slightly better protection than nonpermeable PEG. Cells of S. typhimurium grown under anaerobic conditions were more sensitive to radiation, and were less protected by hydroxyl radical scavengers, especially formate, than when cells grown under aerobic conditions were irradiated in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxyl radical scavengers provided no further protection during irradiation in the absence of oxygen. These results indicated that the increased radiation sensitivity of cells grown under anaerobic conditions may be related to superoxide radicals which could increase intercellular damage during irradiation in the presence of oxygen. However, endogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities did not protect cells from the radiation-induced lethality of S. typhimurium. Cytoplasmic extracts protected bacterial DNA in vitro in either the presence or absence of oxygen, and no radiation-induced lipid peroxidation of the cellular components was identified by measuring the levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid. These results suggest that most radiation-induced cell lethality was related to the cooperative effects of extracellular OH. and O2 on the cell surface as the radiation dose increased. JF - Radiation research AU - Kim, A Y AU - Thayer, D W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 36 EP - 42 VL - 144 IS - 1 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- radiation effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Nitrous Oxide -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- radiation effects KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Oxygen -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77575508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Radiation-induced+cell+lethality+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+ATCC+14028%3A+cooperative+effect+of+hydroxyl+radical+and+oxygen.&rft.au=Kim%2C+A+Y%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration and the Spatial Concentration of Poverty AN - 61411384; 9605100 AB - Current Population Survey data are used to estimate the effect of migration of the poor & nonpoor on the spatial concentration of poverty among 5 categories of counties defined by county poverty rates &, separately, among nonmetropolitan high-poverty areas, central city high-poverty areas, & other areas. During the 1981-1984 study period, migration patterns of both the poor & nonpoor consistently reinforced pre-existing poverty concentrations. High migration rates of the poor into & out of high poverty counties suggests an equilibrium condition. Implications for theory, research, & policy are discussed. 4 Tables, 49 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Rural Sociology AU - Nord, Mark AU - Luloff, A E AU - Jensen, Leif AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, Washington DC 20005-4788 Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 399 EP - 415 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0036-0112, 0036-0112 KW - spatial concentration of poverty, poor/nonpoor migration KW - 1981-1984 county-level data, US KW - Migration Patterns KW - Poverty KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Spatial Analysis KW - Counties KW - article KW - 2757: studies in poverty; studies in poverty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61411384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rural+Sociology&rft.atitle=Migration+and+the+Spatial+Concentration+of+Poverty&rft.au=Nord%2C+Mark%3BLuloff%2C+A+E%3BJensen%2C+Leif&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Sociology&rft.issn=00360112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RUSOAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poverty; Migration Patterns; Spatial Analysis; Geographic Distribution; Counties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perception and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation AN - 16035329; 4093098 AB - Greenway development efforts often give priority to corridor length and linkages as top selection criteria, but other factors are also critical in ensuring a successful network of greenways for recreation. On-site surveys of recreationists (n = 2873) who used a diverse sample of 13 greenway trails in metropolitan Chicago showed that trail location relative to home strongly influenced how a greenway trail was used, who used it, how often it was used, and other factors. "Local", "regional", and "state" trails are distinguished on the basis of use patterns, preferences, and perceptions, with each trail type filling a unique role within a metropolitan greenway system. In contrast to some greenway planning strategies, study data suggest that from a recreational use perspective, local rather than regional trails should form the basic framework of a metropolitan system. Study findings also demonstrate how vegetation management, trail surfacing, maintenance, and other factors can affect use patterns and preferences. Location, design, and management decisions that incorporate trail user information can help metropolitan greenway systems achieve a broad range of recreational, social, and environmental goals. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 845 Chicago Ave., 225, Chicago, IL 60202, USA Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - Oct 1995 SP - 401 EP - 413 VL - 33 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois KW - parks KW - recreation sites KW - environmental perception KW - urban environments KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16035329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Perception+and+use+of+a+metropolitan+greenway+system+for+recreation&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Greenways. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Illinois; parks; urban environments; recreation sites; environmental perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the omtA genes encoding O-methyltransferases involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis from Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus. AN - 77523066; 7557460 AB - O-methyltransferase (OMT) is one of the key enzymes in aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis in the fungi, Aspergillus flavus (Af) and A. parasiticus (Ap). Genomic DNA clones containing the omtA genes from Ap strain SRRC 143 and Af strain CRA01-2B were sequenced. Comparison of the genomic DNA sequences with the cDNA of this Ap gene revealed the presence of four introns ranging from 52 to 60 bp in length in both species; the region encoding the putative S-adenosylmethionine-binding motif was located between the third and fourth introns. The coding sequence of omtA from Ap strain SRRC 143 demonstrated a greater than 97% sequence identity with that from Af strain CRA01-2B, within the coding region. JF - Gene AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P K AU - Payne, G A AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/22/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 22 SP - 121 EP - 125 VL - 163 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - omtA protein, Aspergillus KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Linkage KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Introns KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Methyltransferases -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Methyltransferases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77523066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+omtA+genes+encoding+O-methyltransferases+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+A.+flavus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BPayne%2C+G+A%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-22&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L25826; GENBANK; L25834 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) insecticide resistance in northeastern Mexico. AN - 77682971; 7473628 AB - Horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), populations in northeastern Mexico were surveyed for resistance to fenvalerate and coumaphos. Compared with a susceptible strain of horn flies, resistance levels among field populations for the pyrethroid, fenvalerate, ranged from 36 to 199 times at the LD50 level, indicating that horn fly control with pyrethroids would be unsatisfactory. Resistance to the organophosphate compound, coumaphos, was less evident, with flies at only 1 of 5 locations showing levels of tolerance that might interfere with adequate control. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Kunz, S E AU - Estrada, M O AU - Sanchez, H F AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 726 EP - 729 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - fenvalerate KW - Z6MXZ39302 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Mexico KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Male KW - Female KW - Muscidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77682971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Status+of+Haematobia+irritans+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+insecticide+resistance+in+northeastern+Mexico.&rft.au=Kunz%2C+S+E%3BEstrada%2C+M+O%3BSanchez%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Kunz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mariner transposase-like sequences from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor. AN - 77645427; 7560872 AB - Transposable genetic elements are assumed to be a feature of all eukaryotic genomes. They can serve as vectors in gene transfer systems and as mutagenic agents for isolation of genes. Until recently their identification has been primarily limited to organisms subjected to extensive genetic or molecular study. The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is an agriculturally important pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the United States and other parts of the world. We assessed the presence of mariner transposase-like sequences in M. destructor by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to detect conserved regions of the mariner transposase gene. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products revealed sequences with similarities to putative mariner transposase gene subfamilies from Drosophila mauritiana and horn fly, Haematobia irritans. DNA gel blot analyses indicated sequences hybridizing to the mariner transposase-like PCR clones occur at a moderate to low copy number in M. destructor. Results suggest the presence of an endogenous mobile-element system in M. destructor, which might be developed into a gene transfer system or serve in mapping genes. JF - The Journal of heredity AU - Shukle, R H AU - Russell, V W AD - USDA, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Transposases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genes, Insect KW - Mutagenesis KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Blotting, Southern KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Diptera -- enzymology KW - Diptera -- genetics KW - Nucleotidyltransferases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77645427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+heredity&rft.atitle=Mariner+transposase-like+sequences+from+the+Hessian+fly%2C+Mayetiola+destructor.&rft.au=Shukle%2C+R+H%3BRussell%2C+V+W&rft.aulast=Shukle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+heredity&rft.issn=00221503&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L10440; GENBANK; L10463; L10450; L10499; L10498; L10472; L10460 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effective resistance to potyvirus infection conferred by expression of antisense RNA in transgenic plants. AN - 77573462; 7579613 AB - Approximately 660 nt including the carboxy-terminal portion of the bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) coat protein gene, complete 3' noncoding sequence and a short poly(A) tract were introduced to produce antisense RNA in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. Original (R0) transformants were selfed, and homozygous second generation (R2) populations challenged with infected sap, purified virus, or viral RNA. One transgenic line of 10 examined was extremely resistant to infection by mechanical inoculation of 100 micrograms/ml BYMV or 50 micrograms/ml BYMV RNA (the highest concentrations tested); no virus could be detected in inoculated leaves of this line. Nine other lines were systemically infected when inoculated with BYMV or BYMV RNA, with initial symptoms indistinguishable from those in nontransgenic plants. One of these lines subsequently developed reduced symptoms and then symptomless, virus-free leaves (complete recovery from BYMV infection), while other lines produced leaves with reduced symptoms and reduced virus titer compared to the controls (partial recovery). No transgenic lines had resistance to infection, nor recovery from symptom expression, following inoculation with pepper mottle or turnip mosaic potyviruses. Antisense RNA from 3' regulatory regions can confer multiple degrees of resistance to potyviruses, including extreme resistanc to infection, presumably by interference in virus replication. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Hammond, J AU - Kamo, K K AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, MD 20705, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 674 EP - 682 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Capsid Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - RNA, Antisense KW - coat protein, Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Base Sequence KW - Homozygote KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plant Diseases -- virology KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- virology KW - Tobacco -- immunology KW - Potyvirus -- genetics KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - RNA, Antisense -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Potyvirus -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77573462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Effective+resistance+to+potyvirus+infection+conferred+by+expression+of+antisense+RNA+in+transgenic+plants.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J%3BKamo%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin Reduction in Dust from Heated Cotton Fibers AN - 754891049; 13497941 AB - Cotton was heated in a gas-fired pilot plant dryer at temperatures previously shown to reduce endotoxin levels in fiber. Heating at 255C for 20 seconds reduced the endotoxin content of dust collected from the fibers by 90% as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. However, heat detoxification at 255C had a detrimental effect on fiber physical properties as evaluated by high volume instrument testing, with a 24% reduction in fiber strength, a 6% reduction in length, and a 7% reduction in uniformity index. Dust release from cotton heated at 255C was three times that from unheated cotton. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Rousselle, Marie-Alice AU - Chun, David TW AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Qrleans, Louisiana 70179, U.S.A Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 501 EP - 504 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Temperature effects KW - Detoxification KW - Amebocytes KW - Fibers KW - Cotton KW - Textiles KW - Dust KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754891049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+Reduction+in+Dust+from+Heated+Cotton+Fibers&rft.au=Rousselle%2C+Marie-Alice%3BChun%2C+David+TW&rft.aulast=Rousselle&rft.aufirst=Marie-Alice&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759506500902 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amebocytes; Detoxification; Temperature effects; Endotoxins; Fibers; Cotton; Textiles; Dust DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759506500902 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alachlor and metolachlor movement during winter and early spring at three midwestern sites AN - 52721501; 1997-037162 JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B. Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes AU - Clay, S A AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Baker, J M Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 637 EP - 650 PB - Dekker, New York VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - soils KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - soil profiles KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - halogens KW - pollution KW - bromide ion KW - metolachlor KW - migration of elements KW - bromine KW - irrigation KW - partitioning KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - transport KW - alachlor KW - tracers KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - mobility KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52721501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health.+Part+B.+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants%2C+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Alachlor+and+metolachlor+movement+during+winter+and+early+spring+at+three+midwestern+sites&rft.au=Clay%2C+S+A%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BBaker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health.+Part+B.+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants%2C+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alachlor; bromide ion; bromine; concentration; detection; halogens; herbicides; irrigation; metolachlor; migration of elements; mobility; organic compounds; partitioning; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seasonal variations; soil profiles; soils; sorption; tracers; transport; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of climate change on water supplies in mountainous snowmelt regions AN - 15951716; 4059267 AB - Snowmelt runoff comprises a surprisingly large part of the world's water supply, especially in mountainous regions where it is depended upon for irrigation and hydropower. The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) was used on three mountain basins in North America under conditions of climate change in order to simulate the hydrological response to expect in the future. The focus was on increases in temperature and decreases in snow cover, although the effects of changes in precipitation and transpiration were considered briefly. It was found that in response to a 4-5 degree C warming, the beginning of the snowmelt season advances by about a month, snow cover disappears from the basin as much as a month earlier, and runoff is shifted from the summer half year to the winter half year with winter runoff sometimes doubling. It was further found that runoff in April and May (when water demands are low) is increased greatly at the expense of large decreases in June and July (when water demands are high). In extreme years the hydrological effects of climate change are intensified. The effects on water management will include changes in reservoir operating rules, increased maintenance for existing water control structures and replacement or construction of new facilities, reviews of water law in relation to climate change, and reassessment of existing interstate and international water compacts. The continually mounting demand for water will increase the need to know the climate change effects on water supply and the appropriate water management responses. JF - World Resource Review AU - Rango, A AD - USDA Hydrol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., BARC-W, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 315 EP - 325 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - hydrologic data KW - mathematical models KW - melt water KW - reservoir operation KW - snowmelt KW - water supplies KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - mountains KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - climatic changes KW - seasonal variations KW - water resources KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15951716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Effects+of+climate+change+on+water+supplies+in+mountainous+snowmelt+regions&rft.au=Rango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water supply; mountains; melt water; water management; seasonal variations; water resources; climatic changes; water supplies; hydrologic data; snowmelt; reservoir operation; North America; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population reductions of gram-negative pathogens following treatments with nisin and chelators under various conditions AN - 15912924; 4041811 AB - When used in combination with chelating agents (EDTA, EGTA, citrate, phosphate), the bacteriocin nisin is effective for reducing populations of gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This study examined parameters (buffers, temperature presence of divalent cations) that affect nisin inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. Approximately 7 log sub(10) colony-forming units (CFU) per ml of E. coli and S. typhimurium were treated in PBS or MOPS buffers containing 50 mu g /ml of purified nisin, alone or in combination with 500 mM lactate, 100 mM citrate, 50 mM EDTA, and 1% (wt/vol) sodium hexametaphosphate (pH 7.0) at 37 degree C for 60 min or 5 degree C for 30 min. Surviving bacterial populations were compared to untreated controls (buffers without nisin). Data indicated that treatments with nisin in buffers resulted in reductions of 4.30 and 2.30 log sub(10) CFU/ml of E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively, as compared to untreated controls. Population reductions ranging from 2.29 to 5.49 log sub(10) CFU/ml were observed when cells were treated with nisin and chelator combinations at either 37 degree C for 60 min or 5 degree C for 30 min. The addition of magnesium and calcium to buffers with nisin decreased inhibition. Data obtained from spectrophotometric experiments indicated that treatments were causing the release of cellular constituents. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were inconclusive, since cellular membranes did not appear to be disrupted. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 977 EP - 983 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - chelating agents KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - gram-negative bacteria KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15912924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Population+reductions+of+gram-negative+pathogens+following+treatments+with+nisin+and+chelators+under+various+conditions&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium; chelating agents; gram-negative bacteria; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of Salmonella enteritidis in pooled liquid egg samples using a magnetic bead-ELISA system AN - 15911243; 4043979 AB - An assay was developed to shorten the time necessary to detect Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in contaminated egg pools. The immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-based assay used the DynabeadsTM Anti-Salmonella, a magnetic bead with mouse anti-Salmonella antibodies affixed to the surface, to bind the SE in the egg pools. The bound SE were concentrated by a magnet and were detected via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IMS-ELISA) employing a monoclonal anti-SE flagellar proteins (flagellins) antibody. Following the ELISA, the beads were plated onto differential media (IMS-direct). The efficacy of the assay for detecting SE was compared with that of the standard assay, direct plating, in pooled egg samples spiked with low concentrations of SE and incubated at 37 degree C for 24 to 96 h. Conventional direct plating of egg samples required a total of 48 h before SE could be identified in egg pools, compared with 24 h for the IMS-ELISA. Plating of the beads (IMS-direct) to confirm the presence of SE required a further 24 h. The IMS-ELISA could detect SE at concentrations of 10 super(5) to 10 super(6) SE cells per ml, comparable to that shown previously for direct plating. The IMS-direct could detect SE at 10 super(4) SE cells per ml of egg pool. In egg pools initially contaminated with 10 SE cells per ml, the organism grew to levels by 24 h at 37 degree C where 100% of the pools were positive for SE by all three detection methods. In egg pools initially contaminated with 1 SE cell per ml, 61% of pools were detected by direct plating and IMS-ELISA and 72% were detected by IMS-direct. Similar detection frequencies were observed for a second SE isolate. The IMS-ELISA provides an SE detection rate comparable to direct plating but achieves the result 24 h sooner. The IMS-direct was the most sensitive means of detecting the SE. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Holt, P S AU - Gast, R K AU - Greene, C R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Southeast Poultr. Res. Lab., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 967 EP - 972 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - magnetic beads KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - eggs KW - immunoassays KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15911243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+pooled+liquid+egg+samples+using+a+magnetic+bead-ELISA+system&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BGast%2C+R+K%3BGreene%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; eggs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal resistance of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in liquid egg yolk and egg yolk products AN - 15906892; 4041809 AB - The effectiveness of various pasteurization procedures in destroying Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis in liquid egg products was evaluated. Survivor studies were performed on individual strains of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in commercially broken raw egg yolk samples after heating at 61.1, 63.3, and 64.4 degree C using submerged vials, and on Salmonella spp. at 60.0, 61.1, and 62.2 degree C. Surviving bacteria were enumerated on TSA and results expressed as D-values. The influence of a sub(w)-lowering ingredients such as salt and sugar on thermal resistance in yolk was investigated using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes or a mixture of Salmonella spp. (four strains of S. enteritidis, one strain each of S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium) at 61.1 degree C to 66.7 degree C. At 61.1 degree C (present minimum temperature for pasteurization of plain egg yolk), a 7-log-unit reduction of Salmonella took 1.4 to 2.4 min, whereas a 7-log-unit reduction of L. monocytogenes took 4.9 to 16.1 min. The D-value for L. monocytogenes at 64.4 degree C increased from 0.44 min in plain yolk to 8.26 min after a 21.5-min lag (total time to achieve 1-log-unit reduction was 30.7 min) in yolk with 10% salt and 5% sugar, and 27.3 min after a 10.5-min lag (total time 37.8 min for 1-log-unit reduction) in yolk with 20% salt. The D-value for Salmonella in egg yolk at 64.4 degree C was <0.2 min, but when 10% salt was added, the D-value was 6.4 min. A sub(w)-lowering solutes in liquid egg yolk increased the thermal resistance of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Palumbo AU - Beers, S M AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Palumbo, SA AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Louisiana., Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 960 EP - 966 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - eggs KW - thermal stability KW - pasteurization KW - yolk KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15906892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+resistance+of+Salmonella+spp.+and+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+liquid+egg+yolk+and+egg+yolk+products&rft.au=Palumbo%3BBeers%2C+S+M%3BBhaduri%2C+S%3BPalumbo%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; eggs; yolk; thermal stability; pasteurization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatments with nisin and chelators to reduce Salmonella and Escherichia coli on beef AN - 15905033; 4041805 AB - Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 or Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to lean beef tissue were treated with citrate, lactate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or EDTA, alone or in combination with nisin in simple buffers, and incubated at 4 degree C for up to 3 days. Lactate with nisin reduced S. typhimurium attached to beef by 040 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), while EDTA and nisin reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 0.42 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Unlike earlier in vitro studies in which treatments with nisin and chelating agents resulted in reductions of > 4 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), such reductions were not observed in situ. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Ser., Roman L. Hruska US. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., Clay Cent., NE 68933 USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 1028 EP - 1030 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - chelating agents KW - beef KW - meat KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15905033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Treatments+with+nisin+and+chelators+to+reduce+Salmonella+and+Escherichia+coli+on+beef&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1028&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Escherichia coli; chelating agents; beef; meat; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemically mediated ovipositional behaviors of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15817787; 3997476 AB - The volatile plant sesquiterpenoids farnesene, nerolidol, and farnesol were tested to determine their effect on European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, oviposition during the first six nights of the adult stage. Adult European corn borers were released into cages designed to encourage oviposition on eight glass plates randomly arranged on top of the cage: four coated with either 80 mu g/cm super(2) farnesene, nerolidol, or farnesol, and four coated with the solvent methylene chloride. The setup was used as a binary choice test. Farnesene was preferred by females because they deposited significantly more egg masses on plates coated with the compound. Nerolidol had no effect. Farnesol, by contrast, deterred oviposition: the number of egg masses was significantly lower on plates covered with that compound. These data show that structural modification at a single terminal functional group in these compounds affects the ovipositional behavior of European corn borer females. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Binder, B F AU - Robbins, J C AU - Wilson, R L AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, and Dep. Entomol. Genet. Lab., c/o Insectary Bldg., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 1315 EP - 1327 VL - 21 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Lepidoptera KW - sesquiterpenes KW - farnesene KW - farnesol KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - deterrents KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - volatiles KW - oviposition KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15817787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Chemically+mediated+ovipositional+behaviors+of+the+European+corn+borer%2C+Ostrinia+nubilalis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Binder%2C+B+F%3BRobbins%2C+J+C%3BWilson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ostrinia nubilalis; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; oviposition; volatiles; deterrents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limonoate dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter globiformis: The native enzyme and its N-terminal sequence AN - 15789511; 3993562 AB - Bitter limonoids in citrus juice lower the quality and value of commercial juices. Limonoate dehydrogenase converts the precursor of bitter limonin, limonoate A-ring lactone, to nonbitter 17-dehydrolimonoate A-ring lactone. This enzyme was isolated from Arthrobacter globiformis cells by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography and DEAE ion exchange HPLC. Using this protocol a 428-fold purification of the enzyme was obtained. Gel filtration HPLC indicated a M sub(r) of 118 000 for the native enzyme. SDS-PAGE indicated an individual subunit M sub(r) of 31 000. N-Terminal sequencing of the protein provided a sequence of the first 16 amino acid residues. Since LDH activity in citrus is very low, cloning the gene for this bacterial enzyme into citrus trees should enhance the natural debittering mechanism in citrus fruit. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Suhayda, C G AU - Omura, M AU - Hasegawa, S AD - USDA/ARS Western Regional Res. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 17 EP - 20 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - limonoate dehydrogenase KW - liminoids KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - bitterness KW - Arthrobacter globiformis KW - R 18080:Chemistry of sapid materials KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Limonoate+dehydrogenase+from+Arthrobacter+globiformis%3A+The+native+enzyme+and+its+N-terminal+sequence&rft.au=Suhayda%2C+C+G%3BOmura%2C+M%3BHasegawa%2C+S&rft.aulast=Suhayda&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthrobacter globiformis; bitterness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of reversed-phase and ion-pair chromatography for the determination of strychnine in animal tissues. AN - 77591680; 7493087 AB - Ion-pair and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated for quantification of strychnine in mountain beaver tissues. Retention time shifts hindered strychnine quantification with both HPLC systems. Co-extracted free fatty acids released during storage formed ion-pairs with strychnine, resulting in increased retention by reversed-phase HPLC. Competition with co-extracted basic compounds is likely responsible for the decreased retention of strychnine by ion-pair HPLC. Following an acid-base clean-up, optimal results were obtained with reversed-phase HPLC. Ion-pair chromatography was then used for qualitative confirmation of strychnine residues. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications AU - Johnston, J J AU - Petty, E E AU - Okuno, I AU - Nolte, D L AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225, USA. Y1 - 1995/08/04/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Aug 04 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 670 IS - 1 SN - 1572-6495, 1572-6495 KW - Ions KW - 0 KW - Strychnine KW - H9Y79VD43J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Rodentia KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Strychnine -- analysis KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Digestive System -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77591680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+reversed-phase+and+ion-pair+chromatography+for+the+determination+of+strychnine+in+animal+tissues.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BPetty%2C+E+E%3BOkuno%2C+I%3BNolte%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-04&rft.volume=670&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.issn=15726495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of feeding fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and aflatoxin singly and in combination to turkey poults. AN - 77684232; 7479507 AB - Diets containing 200 mg fumonisin B1/kg of feed and .75 mg aflatoxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 10% by fumonisin B1, 39% by aflatoxins, and 47% by the combination. Relative weights (grams/100 g body weight) of the kidney and pancreas increased in poults fed the diet containing aflatoxins alone, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Relative weights of the liver and pancreas increased in the poults fed the fumonisin diet. Relative weights of the kidney, pancreas, and gizzard increased in the poults fed the combination diet, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Most serum constituents, hematology values, and activities of enzymes measured were altered in poults receiving the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B1. No major histological lesions were observed in tissues from control poults or poults fed the diet containing fumonisin alone. Lesions associated with aflatoxins were only observed in the liver and occasionally in the kidney of poults fed the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B1. The primary hepatic change was bile duct hyperplasia with some hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis and megalocytosis. Occasional necrotic and degenerating tubular epithelial cells were observed in the kidneys. The increased toxicity in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables showed less than additive toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kamps-Holtzapple, C AU - Harvey, R B AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1295 EP - 1303 VL - 74 IS - 8 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Fusarium KW - Animal Feed KW - Turkeys KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77684232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+aflatoxin+singly+and+in+combination+to+turkey+poults.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKamps-Holtzapple%2C+C%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypochlorhydria from short-term omeprazole treatment does not inhibit intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from food in humans. AN - 77570709; 8568113 AB - Low gastric pH is generally believed to be an important factor in intestinal mineral absorption. Thus, hypochlorhydria could be an important risk factor for mineral malabsorption and the development of marginal mineral status. We studied whether the hypochlorhydria associated with treatment with the anti-ulcer medication omeprazole, a potent gastric proton pump inhibition, would affect intestinal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc absorption from food. Thirteen normal, healthy adults were assigned to either a control group (n = 5) receiving no drug treatment or an omeprazole treatment group (n = 8) to produce increased gastric pH. Omeprazole treatment of normal volunteers resulted in a significant change in postprandial gastric pH (pH 6.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.5 in control subjects, p < 0.01) and baseline fasting pH (pH 5.8 +/- 0.5 vs. pH 1.8 +/- 0.3 in controls, p < 0.01) after an overnight fast. Net mineral absorption from a standard test meal was measured using a whole gut lavage technique. Mineral absorption was measured twice in each subject, once with 120 mL of 0.1 mol/liter hydrochloric acid and a second time with 120 mL of distilled water alone. We found that despite marked changes in gastric pH due to drug treatment or administration of exogenous HCl, no change in the intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from a standard test meal was evident. These findings suggest that changing the gastric pH alone does not modify the net intestinal absorption of several minerals from food. Therefore, it is unlikely that moderate hypochlorhydria resulting from short-term omeprazole treatment substantially increases the risk for developing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc deficiencies due to mineral malabsorption. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Serfaty-Lacrosniere, C AU - Wood, R J AU - Voytko, D AU - Saltzman, J R AU - Pedrosa, M AU - Sepe, T E AU - Russell, R R AD - Tufts University, Mineral Bioavailability Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Anti-Ulcer Agents KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Calcium -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aged KW - Magnesium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration -- drug effects KW - Adult KW - Magnesium -- analysis KW - Calcium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stomach -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Omeprazole -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Ulcer Agents -- pharmacology KW - Achlorhydria -- physiopathology KW - Intestinal Absorption -- drug effects KW - Achlorhydria -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- pharmacokinetics KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Metals -- pharmacokinetics KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Achlorhydria -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77570709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Hypochlorhydria+from+short-term+omeprazole+treatment+does+not+inhibit+intestinal+absorption+of+calcium%2C+phosphorus%2C+magnesium+or+zinc+from+food+in+humans.&rft.au=Serfaty-Lacrosniere%2C+C%3BWood%2C+R+J%3BVoytko%2C+D%3BSaltzman%2C+J+R%3BPedrosa%2C+M%3BSepe%2C+T+E%3BRussell%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Serfaty-Lacrosniere&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Helicobacter mustelae infection on ferret gastric epithelial cell proliferation. AN - 77435107; 7634423 AB - The effect of Helicobacter mustelae infection on gastric epithelial proliferation was studied in ferrets colonized with H.mustelae and specific pathogen-free (SPF) ferrets not infected with H.mustelae. Thirteen H. mustelae-infected ferrets between the ages of 13 and 32 months and 16 SPF ferrets between 6 and 18 months were analyzed. Bacterial cultures, urease tests and Warthin-Starry stains were used to identify H.mustelae. Tissues obtained from the antrum and the body regions of the stomach were assayed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and measured using a computerized color image analysis system. PCNA-expressing gastric epithelia in the antrum and the body regions were significantly increased in the H.mustelae-infected ferrets versus the SPF ferrets (P < 0.001). PCNA positivity in the antrum regions of both the H.mustelae-infected ferrets and SPF ferrets was significantly higher than that of the body regions (P < 0.001). Comparison of the histopathology of infected ferrets indicated that PCNA positivity correlated with the histological severity of gastritis. This study suggests that cell proliferation in ferret gastric mucosa increases with H.mustelae infection and provides evidence that PCNA is a useful biomarker for studying the changes in cell kinetics in the ferret stomach. The data also further support the use of the H.mustelae-infected ferret as an animal model for studying the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric diseases of humans. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Yu, J AU - Russell, R M AU - Salomon, R N AU - Murphy, J C AU - Palley, L S AU - Fox, J G AD - Gastrointestinal Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1927 EP - 1931 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - 0 KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine -- toxicity KW - Ferrets KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- analysis KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Stomach -- pathology KW - Helicobacter Infections -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77435107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Helicobacter+mustelae+infection+on+ferret+gastric+epithelial+cell+proliferation.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BRussell%2C+R+M%3BSalomon%2C+R+N%3BMurphy%2C+J+C%3BPalley%2C+L+S%3BFox%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Test of the LEACHP model for predicting atrazine movement in three Minnesota soils AN - 52817284; 1996-055016 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Khakural, B R AU - Robert, P C AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Sorenson, B A AU - Buhler, D D AU - Wyse, D L Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 644 EP - 655 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - LEACHP KW - triazines KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - chemical composition KW - mobility KW - soils KW - Minnesota KW - concentration KW - soil profiles KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - models KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - detection KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52817284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Test+of+the+LEACHP+model+for+predicting+atrazine+movement+in+three+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Khakural%2C+B+R%3BRobert%2C+P+C%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BSorenson%2C+B+A%3BBuhler%2C+D+D%3BWyse%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Khakural&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; atrazine; chemical composition; concentration; detection; herbicides; LEACHP; loam; migration of elements; Minnesota; mobility; models; monitoring; organic compounds; pesticides; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; prediction; soil profiles; soils; transport; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water content effect on soil salinity prediction; a geostatistical study using cokriging AN - 50123154; 1995-056424 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Lesch, Scott M AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Cone, David G Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1146 EP - 1156 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Global Positioning System KW - electrical conductivity KW - cokriging KW - San Joaquin Valley KW - geophysical surveys KW - Fresno County California KW - moisture KW - statistical analysis KW - induction KW - geophysical methods KW - Broadview Farms Quadrangle KW - unsaturated zone KW - geostatistics KW - salinity KW - irrigation KW - California KW - Firebaugh Quadrangle KW - Broadview Farms California KW - electromagnetic methods KW - surveys KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50123154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Water+content+effect+on+soil+salinity+prediction%3B+a+geostatistical+study+using+cokriging&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BLesch%2C+Scott+M%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BCone%2C+David+G&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Broadview Farms California; Broadview Farms Quadrangle; California; cokriging; electrical conductivity; electromagnetic methods; Firebaugh Quadrangle; Fresno County California; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; geostatistics; Global Positioning System; hydrology; induction; irrigation; moisture; salinity; San Joaquin Valley; soils; statistical analysis; surveys; United States; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reassessment of Polynov's ion-mobility series AN - 50122083; 1995-056420 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Hudson, Berman D Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1101 EP - 1103 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - sodium ion KW - halogens KW - silicon KW - ions KW - iron KW - sedimentary rocks KW - potassium ion KW - chloride ion KW - aluminum KW - calcium ion KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - chlorine KW - alkaline earth metals KW - pedogenesis KW - sulfate ion KW - alkali metals KW - sodium KW - weathering KW - metals KW - potassium KW - mobilization KW - magnesium ion KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50122083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Reassessment+of+Polynov%27s+ion-mobility+series&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Berman+D&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Berman&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; aluminum; calcium; calcium ion; chloride ion; chlorine; geochemistry; halogens; ions; iron; magnesium; magnesium ion; metals; mobilization; pedogenesis; potassium; potassium ion; sedimentary rocks; silicon; sodium; sodium ion; soils; sulfate ion; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface aggregates and macropore effects on chemical transport in soil under rainfall AN - 50122034; 1995-056412 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Heathman, G C AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Timlin, D J AU - Johnsen, K E Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 990 EP - 997 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - Fort Reno Watershed KW - halogens KW - bromide ion KW - preferential flow KW - column studies KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - Canadian County Oklahoma KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - tracers KW - Paleustolls KW - El Reno Oklahoma KW - soils KW - alkaline earth metals KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - soil aggregates KW - bromine KW - porosity KW - morphology KW - Oklahoma KW - metals KW - strontium KW - Mollisols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50122034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Surface+aggregates+and+macropore+effects+on+chemical+transport+in+soil+under+rainfall&rft.au=Heathman%2C+G+C%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BTimlin%2C+D+J%3BJohnsen%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Heathman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=990&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; alkaline earth metals; bromide ion; bromine; Canadian County Oklahoma; column studies; El Reno Oklahoma; Fort Reno Watershed; ground water; halogens; metals; Mollisols; morphology; Oklahoma; Paleustolls; pollutants; pollution; porosity; preferential flow; simulation; soil aggregates; soils; strontium; tracers; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in chicks treated with a continuous flow culture of 29 characterized bacteria: Confirmation by scanning electron microscopy AN - 15905692; 4041824 AB - Bacterial colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in 3-day-old chicks administered a characterized continuous-flow (CF) culture of 29 microorganisms on the day of hatch was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive colonization of the mucosa was noted in the ceca of CF-treated chicks, with large colonies of bacteria located predominately within and between crypts. Cecal crypts from control chicks contained only thin strands of mucus with a few bacteria. Individual cells and clumps of bacteria were observed bound to the mucosal epithelium in both CF-treated and control chicks. Colonization by CF culture bacteria was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents and increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Corrier, DE AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Deloach, J R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Ser., 2881 F&B Rd., Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., College Station, TX 77845 USA Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - Aug 1995 SP - 837 EP - 842 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mucosa KW - cecum KW - bacteria KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - scanning electron microscopy KW - colonization KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15905692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+cecal+mucosal+epithelium+in+chicks+treated+with+a+continuous+flow+culture+of+29+characterized+bacteria%3A+Confirmation+by+scanning+electron+microscopy&rft.au=Droleskey%2C+R+E%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Droleskey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; mucosa; cecum; bacteria; colonization; scanning electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wojnowicia colluvium sp. nov. isolated from conifer litter AN - 15821188; 4004297 AB - A coelomycetous fungus was isolated from conifer litter collected in western New Mexico and is described herein as a new species Wojnowicia colluvium. When grown in both nutrient media and on alfalfa twigs in water agar, the characteristics of the conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia remain relatively constant. A synopsis is provided of the three species accepted in Wojnowicia. Based on their descriptions, W. buxi is considered a synonym of W. ephedrae, and W. byrophila does not belong in Wojnowicia. JF - Mycologia AU - Farr, D F AU - Bills, G F AD - USDA, ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - Aug 1995 SP - 518 EP - 524 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - new species KW - Wojnowicia colluvium KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, New Mexico KW - litter fall KW - taxonomy KW - leaf litter KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15821188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Wojnowicia+colluvium+sp.+nov.+isolated+from+conifer+litter&rft.au=Farr%2C+D+F%3BBills%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Mexico; litter fall; leaf litter; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. AN - 77468667; 7651333 AB - The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides was isolated from a cloned DNA fragment carrying the Tri5 gene by complementation of a Tri4- mutant. The nucleotide sequence of Tri4 was determined and the locations of three introns were identified. Analysis of Tri4 mRNA levels revealed that transcription reached maximum levels coincidently with the onset of trichothecene biosynthesis, and then declined 20-fold over the next 8 h. Disruption of Tri4 resulted in the loss of production of both trichothecenes and apotrichodiol and the accumulation of the unoxygenated pathway intermediate trichodiene. Transformants lacking a functional Tri4 gene were able to convert isotrichotriol, an early pathway intermediate, to T-2 toxin suggesting that most pathway enzymes are present in Tri4- mutants. These data suggest that the enzyme encoded by Tri4 catalyzes the first oxygenation step in the trichothecene pathway and participates in apotrichodiol biosynthesis. Tri4 encodes a protein of 520 residues (M(r) = 59 056) that shows significant homology with members of the superfamily of cytochromes P450. It appears most similar to the CYP3A subfamily (24.6% amino acid identity). Because it contains less than 40% positional identity with other cytochromes P450, the Tri4 gene has been placed in a new cytochrome P450 gene family designated CY P58. JF - Molecular & general genetics : MGG AU - Hohn, T M AU - Desjardins, A E AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/22/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 22 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 248 IS - 1 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - Tri4 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Mutation KW - Protein Conformation KW - Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77468667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=The+Tri4+gene+of+Fusarium+sporotrichioides+encodes+a+cytochrome+P450+monooxygenase+involved+in+trichothecene+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-07-22&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tri4 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22462; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of vesicular dermatitis among horses at a midwestern horse show. AN - 77378232; 7601718 AB - Dermatitis consisting of blisters on the nose and other parts of the body was reported among horses at a Midwestern horse show. Some horses also had jaundice, hematuria and anorexia. An outbreak investigation was initiated, and of 239 horses for which information could be obtained, 58 (24%) were found to have been affected. Median duration of illness was 5 days, and all horses recovered. Age, sex, water source, grain source, and stabling location were not associated with illness. The use of wood shavings bedding obtained at the show grounds was the factor most strongly associated with the development of vesicular lesions. Horses that became ill were 43 times more likely to have been bedded on wood shavings obtained from the show grounds than were horses that did not become ill. Among horses bedded on shavings from the show grounds, the risk was further increased by a factor of 5 if the shavings had been wetted. Neither organic nor heavy metal toxicants were identified in the samples of the wood shavings. However, samples did contain plant tissues originating from a tree belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, some species of which are known to cause vesicular eruptions in people. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Campagnolo, E R AU - Trock, S C AU - Hungerford, L L AU - Shumaker, T J AU - Teclaw, R AU - Miller, R B AU - Nelson, H A AU - Ross, F AU - Reynolds, D J AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, Springfield, IL 62702, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 15 SP - 211 EP - 213 VL - 207 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Illinois -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Housing, Animal KW - Horses KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous -- veterinary KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Trees KW - Horse Diseases -- etiology KW - Horse Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous -- etiology KW - Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77378232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+vesicular+dermatitis+among+horses+at+a+midwestern+horse+show.&rft.au=Campagnolo%2C+E+R%3BTrock%2C+S+C%3BHungerford%2C+L+L%3BShumaker%2C+T+J%3BTeclaw%2C+R%3BMiller%2C+R+B%3BNelson%2C+H+A%3BRoss%2C+F%3BReynolds%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Campagnolo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-07-15&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced virulence of Gibberella zeae caused by disruption of a trichothecene toxin biosynthetic gene. AN - 77830367; 8589414 AB - The production of trichothecene mycotoxins by some plant pathogenic species of Fusarium is thought to contribute to their virulence. Gibberella zeae (F. graminearum) is an important cereal pathogen that produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol. To determine if trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae, we generated trichothecene-deficient mutants of the fungus by gene disruption. The disrupted gene, Tri5, encodes the enzyme trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first step in trichothecene biosynthesis. To disrupt Tri5, G. zeae was transformed with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the Tri5 coding region interrupted by a hygromycin B resistance gene. Tri5- transformants were selected by screening for the inability to produce trichothecenes and by Southern blot analysis. Tri5- strains exhibited reduced virulence on seedlings of Wheaton wheat and common winter rye, but wild-type virulence on seedlings of Golden Bantam maize. On Caldwell and Marshall wheat and Porter oat seedlings, Tri5- strains were inconsistent in causing less disease than their wild-type progenitor strain. Head blight developed more slowly on Wheaton when inoculated with Tri5- mutants than when inoculated with wild-type strains. These results suggest that trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae on some hosts. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 593 EP - 601 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Tri5 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Gene Amplification KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Gibberella -- pathogenicity KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77830367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Reduced+virulence+of+Gibberella+zeae+caused+by+disruption+of+a+trichothecene+toxin+biosynthetic+gene.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tri5 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22464; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of essential trace elements: new approaches to setting recommended dietary allowances and safety limits. AN - 77771981; 7494619 AB - By definition, every essential trace element must have a range of intakes safe from toxicity but adequate enough to meet nutrition requirements. That range is part of the total dose-response curve and its lower and upper limits are delineated on the basis of nutrition and toxicology data, respectively. Close coordination of activities to set these limits is necessary to avoid recommendations that are either impractical (narrow zones of safe and adequate intakes) or contradictory (overlapping limits, i.e., no zones of safe and adequate intakes). JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Mertz, W AD - United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 53 IS - 7 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Selenium -- standards KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Homeostasis KW - Chromium -- standards KW - Chromium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zinc -- standards KW - Diet -- standards KW - Risk Assessment KW - Biological Availability KW - Trace Elements -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nutrition Policy KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Trace Elements -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77771981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+essential+trace+elements%3A+new+approaches+to+setting+recommended+dietary+allowances+and+safety+limits.&rft.au=Mertz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mertz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical screening procedures for sulfamethazine and N4-acetylsulfamethazine in milk at low parts-per-billion levels. AN - 77646060; 7580337 AB - Relatively simple and inexpensive procedures for screening milk for sulfamethazine (SMZ) and one of its metabolites, N4-acetylsulfamethazine (ASMZ), are detailed. Both methods detect at the low parts-per-billion level and are suitable for both field and laboratory use. Milk is passed over Chromosorb 102, which adsorbs SMZ. The drug is eluted and purified by direct passage of the effluent over small beds of buffered anion-exchange resins and alumina and is finally isolated and detected colorimetrically. For ASMZ, the procedure is modified so that SMZ is removed in the purification steps. The isolated ASMZ is then hydrolyzed to SMZ for detection. Application of the methods 5 years apart (1988 and 1993) shows that SMZ is still being used but to a lesser extent in 1993. Of over 250 samples screened in the 2 studies, only 2 were estimated to contain SMZ at 10 ppb, and the majority contained SMZ at 1 ppb. ASMZ was detected in a number of samples that were negative for SMZ. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schwartz, D P AU - Lightfield, A R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 967 EP - 970 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - N-acetylsulfamethazine KW - 35255-37-9 KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Animals KW - Sulfamethazine -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Sulfamethazine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77646060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Practical+screening+procedures+for+sulfamethazine+and+N4-acetylsulfamethazine+in+milk+at+low+parts-per-billion+levels.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+D+P%3BLightfield%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abortion in heifers inoculated with a thymidine kinase-negative recombinant of bovine herpesvirus 1. AN - 77610018; 7574153 AB - The Copper isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) was used to produce a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) recombinant by insertion of a beta-galactosidase (bgal) expression cassette into the TK coding region. The recombinant virus (TK- bgal+) was tested for abortifacient activity in cattle by inoculation of 5 pregnant heifers at 25 to 29 weeks gestation. Five additional heifers were inoculated with the Cooper TK-positive (TK+) virus to serve as controls. After inoculation, both groups of heifers developed similar febrile responses and neutralizing antibody titers. Virus was isolated from blood of all heifers during the first postinoculation (PI) week, and isolation frequencies were similar for both groups. In contrast, whereas virus was isolated from many of the nasal and vaginal swab specimens of heifers inoculated with TK+ virus, only rare virus isolations were made from the heifers given TK- bgal+ virus. All heifers inoculated with TK+ virus aborted between PI days 19 and 35. The finding of characteristic microscopic lesions and viral antigen in fetal tissues indicated that the abortions were caused by BHV-1 infection. Virus was isolated from 3 fetuses, and all isolates were TK+ virus. Two heifers inoculated with TK- bgal+ virus aborted at PI days 25 and 39. Fetal tissues had typical BHV-1 microscopic lesions and viral antigen. Virus was isolated from blood of both fetuses, and the isolates were TK- bgal+. Results of this study indicate that inactivation of the TK gene reduces, but does not eliminate, the abortifacient activity of BHV-1. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Miller, J M AU - Whetstone, C A AU - Bello, L J AU - Lawrence, W C AU - Whitbeck, J C AD - USDA, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 870 EP - 874 VL - 56 IS - 7 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fetal Death -- veterinary KW - Cattle KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - beta-Galactosidase -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Gene Deletion KW - Abortion, Veterinary KW - Herpesvirus 1, Bovine -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77610018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Abortion+in+heifers+inoculated+with+a+thymidine+kinase-negative+recombinant+of+bovine+herpesvirus+1.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M%3BWhetstone%2C+C+A%3BBello%2C+L+J%3BLawrence%2C+W+C%3BWhitbeck%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin on aflatoxicosis when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets of growing swine. AN - 77582911; 7578454 AB - Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and the antibiotics lincomycin (L) and tylosin (T) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each, mean body weight 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (for a total of 36): 0 mg L, 0 mg T, and 0 mg AF/kg of feed (control); 220 mg L/kg of feed (200 g/ton); 110 mg T/kg of feed (100 g/ton); 2.5 mg AF/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 220 mg L/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 110 mg T/kg of feed. Barrows were administered their respective diets for 28 days. Body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption were reduced by the AF alone, the AF plus L, and the AF plus T treatments, compared with control, L, and T treatments. Altered serum biochemical or hematologic measurements induced by AF treatments included increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and mean cell hemoglobin, decreased serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and decreased lymphoblastogenic response. Liver weight was increased, and microscopic lesions were consistent with those observed in cases of aflatoxicosis. With some other minor exceptions for hematologic and immunologic variables, these data indicate that the feed antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin, when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets, do not have beneficial or detrimental effects on aflatoxicosis in growing swine. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Corrier, D E AU - Elissalde, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 374 EP - 379 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Blood Proteins KW - Hemoglobins KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Lincomycin KW - BOD072YW0F KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Tylosin KW - YEF4JXN031 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Erythrocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Iron -- blood KW - Weight Gain KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Leukocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Animal Feed KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Tylosin -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- physiopathology KW - Lincomycin -- pharmacology KW - Food Contamination KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77582911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+antibiotics+lincomycin+and+tylosin+on+aflatoxicosis+when+added+to+aflatoxin-contaminated+diets+of+growing+swine.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BCorrier%2C+D+E%3BElissalde%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional analysis of avian class I (BFIV) glycoproteins by epitope tagging and mutagenesis in vitro. AN - 77412162; 7621880 AB - Similarities between the physical structures of avian and mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoproteins have been proposed based on comparative alignment of their amino acid sequences. To investigate the physical structure of the chicken class I glycoprotein, we cloned the cDNA representing the BFIV locus of the B21 haplotype. A unique, chimeric class I glycoprotein was constructed by incorporating an epitope tag (FLAG) at the N terminus. Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell-surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. The chimeric class I glycoprotein was expressed in target cells using an avian leukosis virus (ALV)-derived retrovirus vector (RCASBP). The presence of the FLAG epitope did not interfere with either alloantibody recognition or cytotoxic T lymphocyte interaction. Functional analysis employing site-directed mutagenesis identified BF amino acid residues forming serologic epitopes as well as residues important in antigen presentation to ALV-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BF residues 78 and 81, corresponding to HLA 79 and 82, form an antibody epitope with a slight effect on ALV antigen presentation, consistent with their predicted orientation based on the HLA-A2 crystal structure. Alignment of the BFIV21 sequence with previously published BFIV sequences revealed polymorphisms at position 34 (HLA 34), a monomorphic residues in HLA and H-2. Residue 34 is located in pocket B and is predicted to contact the main-chain carbon of peptides bound in HLA-A2. A site-directed substitution in BFIV residue 34 dramatically alters ALV antigen presentation by the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. These data indicate that the physical molecular structure of the chicken MHC class I glycoprotein is similar to HLA. JF - European journal of immunology AU - Fulton, J E AU - Thacker, E L AU - Bacon, L D AU - Hunt, H D AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2069 EP - 2076 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0014-2980, 0014-2980 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I KW - Peptides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- immunology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic KW - Base Sequence KW - Immunity, Cellular KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Peptides -- chemistry KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Epitope Mapping KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I -- chemistry KW - Genes, MHC Class I UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77412162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.atitle=Functional+analysis+of+avian+class+I+%28BFIV%29+glycoproteins+by+epitope+tagging+and+mutagenesis+in+vitro.&rft.au=Fulton%2C+J+E%3BThacker%2C+E+L%3BBacon%2C+L+D%3BHunt%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Fulton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.issn=00142980&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - S78682; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of energy source and food flavor on conditioned preferences in sheep. AN - 77517504; 7673058 AB - Livestock and range managers would have a powerful tool to direct utilization and modify plant communities if animals could be conditioned to eat specific foods or plants. We attempted to condition preferences for a low-quality forage through nutrient loading. Sheep were fed licorice or orange-flavored straw pellets then were gavaged with glucose or propionate (.381 Mcal, which amounted to approximately 13% of the daily maintenance energy requirement) or water. Four groups of ewes (n = 4) were arranged in a cross-blocked design such that each group received a unique energy/flavor combination: 1) propionate+licorice, 2) propionate+orange, 3) glucose+licorice, or 4) glucose+orange. On alternate days, each group received the other flavor plus water to create an internal control. At the end of 8 d of conditioning, preference for the two flavors was measured by two-choice preference tests. A second trial was conducted for 4 d in which the energy level was doubled to .762 Mcal. Low energy levels of either glucose or propionate did not create significant preferences. Propionate at the low-level caused satiety but at the high level conditioned an aversion to both flavors. This high level of propionate apparently caused malaise that was then associated with the taste of the flavors. The high level of glucose conditioned a preference. The high glucose treatment increased rumen microbial mass, the nutrients of which would have been absorbed in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and may have indirectly provided the positive nutrient feedback required to form a preference. There was a flavor preference for orange that was independent of the energy supplements. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Provenza, F D AU - Wiedmeier, R D AU - Bunderson, F B AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1651 EP - 1657 VL - 73 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Propionates KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Acetates -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Glycyrrhiza KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Random Allocation KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Rumen -- physiology KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Rumen -- chemistry KW - Digestive System Physiological Phenomena KW - Satiety Response -- physiology KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Citrus -- standards KW - Female KW - Taste -- physiology KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Feeding Behavior -- physiology KW - Food Preferences -- physiology KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77517504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+energy+source+and+food+flavor+on+conditioned+preferences+in+sheep.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BProvenza%2C+F+D%3BWiedmeier%2C+R+D%3BBunderson%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the significance of animal food products as potential pathways of human exposures to dioxins. AN - 77515254; 7673057 AB - The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) are groups of compounds with similar chemical and toxicological properties. Carcinogenicity was considered the most serious toxic end point when setting previous regulatory policies, but recent concerns have focused on the possible endocrine-disrupting activities of the dioxins. Toxicity is related to the 2,3,7,8 pattern of chlorine substitution, a pattern that also leads to chemical and metabolic stability. Dioxins are practically insoluble in water and concentrate in lipids of biological systems, leading to low background concentrations in fat of the general human population. Major environmental sources of dioxins are emissions from industrial chlorination processes and combustion of materials containing chlorine. Inhalation and water have been ruled out as significant exposure pathways, which suggests that food is the primary source. Pathways of entry into food chains are atmospheric transport of emissions and their subsequent deposition on plants, soils, and water. The major food sources seem to be fat-containing animal products and some seafoods. This conclusion is based on evaluations of potential environmental pathways involving dioxins and related compounds. Generally, dioxins and other lipophilic compounds are not taken up and translocated by plants, so residues in foods and feeds derived from seeds should be negligible. Animals on high-roughage diets, or those that ingest contaminated soil, are the most likely to accumulate dioxin residues from the environment. The conclusion that animal products are a major source of human exposure requires verification by appropriate food sampling programs and animal metabolism studies. If it is desirable to reduce human exposure to dioxins via the food supply, reduction of sources would be a more effective strategy than changing agricultural practices and food consumption patterns. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Fries, G F AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, MD 20705-2350. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1639 EP - 1650 VL - 73 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Furans KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Furans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Dairy Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Furans -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- poisoning KW - Biological Availability KW - DDT -- poisoning KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - DDT -- pharmacokinetics KW - Risk Factors KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dioxins -- poisoning KW - Dioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animal Feed -- poisoning KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77515254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+significance+of+animal+food+products+as+potential+pathways+of+human+exposures+to+dioxins.&rft.au=Fries%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Fries&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity relationships of norditerpenoid alkaloids occurring in toxic larkspur (Delphinium) species. AN - 77502458; 7673930 AB - Fourteen norditerpenoid alkaloids present in larkspur (Delphinium) species associated with cattle poisoning on grazing land in the western United States have been toxicologically assessed in a mouse bioassay. Toxicity data for these alkaloids have established the tertiary nitrogen atom and anthranilic acid esterification as important structural features necessary to impart toxicity to lycoctonine-type norditerpenoid alkaloids. Variation in C-14 functionality of the toxic alkaloids is also a factor that influences toxicity in these compounds. The relationship of the structure-activity information of this study to previous in vitro neuromuscular studies is discussed. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, K E AU - Pelletier, S W AD - Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Cholinergic Antagonists KW - Diterpenes KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Diterpenes -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Diterpenes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77502458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+relationships+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+occurring+in+toxic+larkspur+%28Delphinium%29+species.&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BPelletier%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a radioimmunoassay (Charm II) test with high-performance liquid chromatography for detection of oxytetracycline residues in milk samples from lactating cattle. AN - 77479061; 7653890 AB - A radioimmunoassay test for tetracyclines (Charm II) was compared with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in milk samples from individual lactating cows. Oxytetracycline was administered by 1 of 3 routes (IV, IM, or intrauterine) to 21 lactating dairy cows. A total of 292 duplicate milk samples were collected from milkings before and through 156 hours after OTC administration. Concentration of OTC in these samples was determined by use of the Charm II test and an HPLC method with a lower limit of quantitation, approximately 2 ng of OTC/ml. Samples were also classified with respect to presence of OTC residues relative to the FDA safe concentration (< or = 30 ng/ml), using the Charm II (by control point determination) and HPLC methods. There was a significant (P < or = 0.05) difference between test methods in classification of milk samples with respect to presence or absence of OTC at the FDA safe concentration. A total of 48 of the 292 test results (16.4%) did not agree. Using the HPLC test results as the standard with which Charm II test results were compared, 47 false presumptive-violative test results and 1 false presumptive-nonviolative Charm II test result (a sample containing 31 ng of OTC/ml, as evaluated by HPLC) were obtained. The samples with false presumptive-violative Charm II results contained < 30 ng of OTC/ml, as evaluated by HPLC. In some respects, the Charm II test performed appropriately as a screening test to detect OTC residues in milk samples from individual cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Moats, W A AU - Anderson, K L AU - Rushing, J E AU - Wesen, D P AD - Meat Science Research Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 795 EP - 800 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Oxytetracycline KW - X20I9EN955 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Uterus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Injections, Intramuscular KW - Radioimmunoassay -- methods KW - Cross Reactions KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Lactation KW - False Negative Reactions KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Injections KW - Female KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Oxytetracycline -- metabolism KW - Oxytetracycline -- administration & dosage KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Oxytetracycline -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77479061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+radioimmunoassay+%28Charm+II%29+test+with+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+for+detection+of+oxytetracycline+residues+in+milk+samples+from+lactating+cattle.&rft.au=Moats%2C+W+A%3BAnderson%2C+K+L%3BRushing%2C+J+E%3BWesen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Moats&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative mapping of aflatoxin pathway gene clusters in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. AN - 77352811; 7793957 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins are synthesized by condensation of acetate units; their synthesis is estimated to involve at least 16 different enzymes. In this study we have shown that at least nine genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are located within a 60-kb DNA fragment. Four of these genes, nor-1, aflR, ver-1, and omtA (previously named omt-1), have been cloned in A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In addition, five other genes, pksA, uvm8, aad, ord-1, and ord-2 have been recently cloned in A. parasiticus. The pksA, aad, and uvm8 genes exhibit sequence homologies to polyketide synthase, aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthase genes, respectively. The cDNA sequences of ord-1 and ord-2 genes, which may be involved in later steps of aflatoxin biosynthesis, have been determined; the ord-1 gene product exhibits homology to cytochrome P-450-type enzymes. By characterizing the overlapping regions of the DNA inserts in different cosmid and lambda DNA clones, we have determined the order of these aflatoxin pathway genes within this 60-kb DNA region to be pksA, nor-1, uvm8, aflR, aad, ver-1, ord-1, ord-2, and omtA in A. parasiticus and nor-1, aflR, ver-1, ord-1, ord-2, and omtA in A. flavus. The order is related to the order in enzymatic steps required for aflatoxin biosynthesis. The physical distances (in kilobase pairs) and the directions of transcription of these genes have been determined for both aflatoxigenic species. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P K AU - Cary, J W AU - Wright, M AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Payne, G A AU - Linz, J E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 2365 EP - 2371 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aad KW - aflR KW - nor-1 KW - omtA KW - ord-2 KW - ord-i KW - pksA KW - uvm8 KW - ver-1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Multigene Family KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77352811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+mapping+of+aflatoxin+pathway+gene+clusters+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BWright%2C+M%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BPayne%2C+G+A%3BLinz%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - aad; aflR; nor-1; omtA; ord-2; ord-i; pksA; uvm8; ver-1 N1 - Genetic sequence - L40839; GENBANK; L40840 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Prep Biochem. 1991;21(2-3):125-40 [1798691] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:461-95 [1444264] Hepatology. 1992 Dec;16(6):1362-6 [1332921] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Feb;59(2):479-84 [8434913] Carcinogenesis. 1993 Feb;14(2):169-73 [8382111] Phytopathology. 1966 Dec;56(12):1390-3 [5980345] Mycologia. 1978 Jul-Aug;70(4):766-73 [723913] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jan;55(1):86-90 [2495764] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16222-8 [2777787] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 25;264(36):21665-9 [2600085] Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):8060-6 [2574990] EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):279-87 [2403928] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):75-83 [2515439] EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):741-7 [2107074] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3904-8 [1692626] Biotechnology (N Y). 1990 Jan;8(1):39-41 [1368505] J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 25;265(27):16358-65 [2129535] J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(7):2354-65 [1706706] Nature. 1991 Apr 4;350(6317):427-8 [1849234] Nature. 1991 Apr 4;350(6317):429-31 [1672732] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Dec;56(12):3686-92 [2128007] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 5;266(19):12646-54 [2061333] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Mol Microbiol. 1991 May;5(5):1125-33 [1956290] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1642-6 [8517755] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1993;47:31-55 [8257101] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 May;60(5):1444-50 [8017929] Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein-deficient pigs cannot maintain reduced glutathione homeostasis when subjected to the stress of inflammation. AN - 77341313; 7782899 AB - The mechanisms responsible for depletion of systemic glutathione levels in nutritional deprivation and/or in infective and inflammatory conditions have not been fully established. We quantified the effects of protein undernutrition and experimental inflammation on the concentration and synthesis of reduced glutathione in the erythrocytes, liver and jejunal mucosa of young pigs. Two groups of five piglets consumed diets containing either 23 or 3% protein and, after 4 wk, were infused intravenously with [13C2]glycine before and 48 h after subcutaneous injections of turpentine. Erythrocyte, hepatic and intestinal mucosal reduced glutathione was quantified as the monobromobimane derivative by HPLC. Reduced glutathione synthesis was determined by measurements of the tracer/tracee ratio of reduced glutathione-bound glycine. In well-nourished piglets, turpentine injection had no effect on erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentrations or rate of synthesis. Protein undernutrition was associated with lower erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentrations (1.05 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.32 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and synthesis (42 +/- 5 vs. 60 +/- 5%/d), and turpentine inflammation caused a further fall in erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration to 0.96 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, despite a significant (P < 0.05) increase in reduced glutathione synthesis. The combination of protein undernutrition and inflammation had a marked effect on mucosal reduced glutathione concentration (37 +/- 3% of control) and synthesis (65 +/- 5% of control). Hepatic reduced glutathione concentration and synthesis did not differ in the two groups. We conclude that the biosynthetic supply of reduced glutathione is sufficient to withstand an inflammatory challenge in well-nourished piglets but not in protein-deficient animals. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Jahoor, F AU - Wykes, L J AU - Reeds, P J AU - Henry, J F AU - del Rosario, M P AU - Frazer, M E AD - USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1462 EP - 1472 VL - 125 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Turpentine KW - 8006-64-2 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Erythrocyte Count KW - Glycine -- metabolism KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Erythrocytes -- chemistry KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Turpentine -- toxicity KW - Hematocrit KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Glutathione -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stress, Physiological -- etiology KW - Protein Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Stress, Physiological -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Homeostasis -- physiology KW - Inflammation -- complications KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77341313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Protein-deficient+pigs+cannot+maintain+reduced+glutathione+homeostasis+when+subjected+to+the+stress+of+inflammation.&rft.au=Jahoor%2C+F%3BWykes%2C+L+J%3BReeds%2C+P+J%3BHenry%2C+J+F%3Bdel+Rosario%2C+M+P%3BFrazer%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Jahoor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring herbicide leaching in sustainable vegetable culture using tension lysimeters AN - 52785859; 1996-080172 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Byers, M E AU - Tyess, D AU - Antonious, G F AU - Hilborn, D AU - Jarret, L Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 848 EP - 854 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York, NY VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - United States KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - nonpoint sources KW - clomazone KW - Franklin County Kentucky KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - Kentucky KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - lysimeters KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52785859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+herbicide+leaching+in+sustainable+vegetable+culture+using+tension+lysimeters&rft.au=Byers%2C+M+E%3BTyess%2C+D%3BAntonious%2C+G+F%3BHilborn%2C+D%3BJarret%2C+L&rft.aulast=Byers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101156 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; clomazone; Franklin County Kentucky; herbicides; infiltration; Kentucky; land use; leaching; lysimeters; monitoring; nonpoint sources; optimization; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; soil treatment; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil and vegetation development on abandoned iron furnace slag piles in Connecticut AN - 52376053; 2000-024824 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Smith, Francie C AU - Lee, Brian D AU - Szura, Michael AU - Johnson, Arthur H A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 838 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - forests KW - mines KW - slag KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - iron ores KW - vegetation KW - weathering KW - Connecticut KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - metal ores KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52376053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Soil+and+vegetation+development+on+abandoned+iron+furnace+slag+piles+in+Connecticut&rft.au=Smith%2C+Francie+C%3BLee%2C+Brian+D%3BSzura%2C+Michael%3BJohnson%2C+Arthur+H&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Francie&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; Connecticut; forests; iron ores; metal ores; mines; nutrients; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; slag; soils; United States; vegetation; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High altitude tailing reclamation AN - 52376022; 2000-024818 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Brown, Larry F AU - Trlica, M J AU - Jones, Jay A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 560 EP - 576 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mines KW - revegetation KW - pollutants KW - altitude KW - reclamation KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - pollution KW - Urad Mine KW - cost KW - case studies KW - physical properties KW - Canada KW - chemical properties KW - waste disposal KW - erodibility KW - Colorado KW - tailings KW - geochemistry KW - species diversity KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52376022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=High+altitude+tailing+reclamation&rft.au=Brown%2C+Larry+F%3BTrlica%2C+M+J%3BJones%2C+Jay&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altitude; Canada; case studies; chemical properties; Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; cost; erodibility; geochemistry; heavy metals; mines; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; revegetation; soils; species diversity; tailings; United States; Urad Mine; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing high soil selenium with phytoremediation AN - 52375990; 2000-024812 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Terry, N AU - Zayed, A M AU - Wu, L A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 394 EP - 405 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - pollution KW - vegetation KW - bioremediation KW - ions KW - remediation KW - volatilization KW - absorption KW - Western U.S. KW - phytoremediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Managing+high+soil+selenium+with+phytoremediation&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BTerry%2C+N%3BZayed%2C+A+M%3BWu%2C+L&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; agriculture; bioremediation; concentration; experimental studies; ions; phytoremediation; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; remediation; selenium; soils; United States; vegetation; volatilization; water management; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of metal removal and toxicity reduction in a low sulfate mine drainage by constructed wetlands AN - 52375952; 2000-024805 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Farmer, Garry H AU - Updegraff, David M AU - Lazorchak, James M AU - Bates, Edward R A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 78 EP - 89 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - mines KW - concentration KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - constructed wetlands KW - toxicity KW - wetlands KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - Burleigh Tunnel KW - reduction KW - Silver Plume Colorado KW - Colorado KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+metal+removal+and+toxicity+reduction+in+a+low+sulfate+mine+drainage+by+constructed+wetlands&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Garry+H%3BUpdegraff%2C+David+M%3BLazorchak%2C+James+M%3BBates%2C+Edward+R&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; bacteria; bioremediation; Burleigh Tunnel; chemical composition; Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; concentration; constructed wetlands; geochemistry; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; reduction; remediation; Silver Plume Colorado; sulfate ion; toxicity; United States; wetlands; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of redox potential on the speciation of selenium in ground water and coal-mine backfill materials, Wyoming AN - 52375919; 2000-024800 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Blaylock, Michael J AU - Vance, George F AU - See, Randolph B A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 230 EP - 236 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - mines KW - concentration KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - coal mines KW - pollution KW - ions KW - cores KW - ground water KW - Wyoming KW - toxicity KW - sampling KW - Powder River basin KW - Eh KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+redox+potential+on+the+speciation+of+selenium+in+ground+water+and+coal-mine+backfill+materials%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Katta+J%3BBlaylock%2C+Michael+J%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BSee%2C+Randolph+B&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Katta&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical fractionation; coal mines; concentration; cores; Eh; ground water; ions; mines; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; sampling; selenium; solute transport; toxicity; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical characterization of mine drainage sources in the Chalk Creek District, Colorado AN - 52374858; 2000-024815 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Lanphear, Mary E AU - Klusman, Ronald W AU - Cohen, Ronald R H A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 528 EP - 538 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - characterization KW - manganese KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - Chalk Creek mining district KW - Mary Murphy Mine KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - North America KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - Chaffee County Colorado KW - MINTEQAK KW - Golf tunnel KW - pollution KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - Sawatch Range KW - weathering KW - mine drainage KW - models KW - NETPATH KW - metals KW - Iron Chest Mine KW - Colorado KW - Rocky Mountains KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Geochemical+characterization+of+mine+drainage+sources+in+the+Chalk+Creek+District%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Lanphear%2C+Mary+E%3BKlusman%2C+Ronald+W%3BCohen%2C+Ronald+R+H&rft.aulast=Lanphear&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chaffee County Colorado; Chalk Creek mining district; characterization; Colorado; geochemistry; Golf tunnel; ground water; Iron Chest Mine; manganese; Mary Murphy Mine; metals; mine drainage; mines; MINTEQAK; models; NETPATH; North America; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Rocky Mountains; Sawatch Range; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; weathering; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The utility of fluvial processes for the assessment of reconstructed channel stability AN - 52374826; 2000-024804 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Packee, Edmond C, Jr AU - Nelson, Michael G A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 72 EP - 77 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - mining KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - stability KW - suspended materials KW - ecosystems KW - environmental analysis KW - gravel-bed streams KW - East-Central Alaska KW - drainage basins KW - discharge KW - abandoned mines KW - bedload KW - mines KW - Fairbanks Alaska KW - Birch Creek basin KW - sediment transport KW - human activity KW - landform evolution KW - channels KW - rates KW - channel geometry KW - streams KW - Alaska KW - fluvial environment KW - design KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=The+utility+of+fluvial+processes+for+the+assessment+of+reconstructed+channel+stability&rft.au=Packee%2C+Edmond+C%2C+Jr%3BNelson%2C+Michael+G&rft.aulast=Packee&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; Alaska; bedload; Birch Creek basin; channel geometry; channels; design; discharge; drainage basins; East-Central Alaska; ecosystems; environmental analysis; erosion; Fairbanks Alaska; fluvial environment; gravel-bed streams; human activity; landform evolution; mines; mining; rates; reclamation; sediment transport; stability; stream transport; streams; suspended materials; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical processes and the role of natural organic solutes on the solubility of selenium in coal mine backfill aquifers, Powder River Basin, Wyoming AN - 52374798; 2000-024801 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - See, Randolph B AU - Vance, George F AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Fadlelmawla, Amr A A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 866 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - mines KW - sorption KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - coal mines KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - solution KW - ground water KW - Wyoming KW - organic compounds KW - geochemistry KW - Powder River basin KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Geochemical+processes+and+the+role+of+natural+organic+solutes+on+the+solubility+of+selenium+in+coal+mine+backfill+aquifers%2C+Powder+River+Basin%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=See%2C+Randolph+B%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BReddy%2C+Katta+J%3BFadlelmawla%2C+Amr+A&rft.aulast=See&rft.aufirst=Randolph&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; geochemistry; ground water; mines; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; selenium; solubility; solute transport; solutes; solution; sorption; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AN - 52374761; 2000-024799 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 867 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - mining KW - symposia KW - mining geology KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - applications KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=12th+annual+national+meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers or abstracts within scope are cited separately. 2 volumes N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; environmental analysis; mining; mining geology; pollution; reclamation; remediation; symposia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relating sulfate generation to a model of physical flow through waste rock piles; attempts and consequences AN - 52374565; 2000-024816 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Wildeman, Thomas R AU - Kelsey, Paula D AU - Lapakko, Kim A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 539 EP - 546 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - soils KW - HELP KW - concentration KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - moisture KW - physicochemical properties KW - oxidation KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - models KW - genesis KW - precipitation KW - waste disposal KW - geochemistry KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Relating+sulfate+generation+to+a+model+of+physical+flow+through+waste+rock+piles%3B+attempts+and+consequences&rft.au=Wildeman%2C+Thomas+R%3BKelsey%2C+Paula+D%3BLapakko%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Wildeman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; concentration; genesis; geochemistry; HELP; models; moisture; oxidation; permeability; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; prediction; soils; sulfate ion; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenite and selenate determination in surface coal mine backfill ground water AN - 52374540; 2000-024806 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Zhang, Zhonghua AU - Vance, George F A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 237 EP - 245 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - backfill KW - mines KW - concentration KW - selenates KW - selenites KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - coal seams KW - ions KW - atomic absorption spectra KW - ground water KW - Wyoming KW - toxicity KW - chromatograms KW - spectra KW - mobility KW - geochemistry KW - Powder River basin KW - pH KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Selenite+and+selenate+determination+in+surface+coal+mine+backfill+ground+water&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Katta+J%3BZhang%2C+Zhonghua%3BVance%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Katta&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atomic absorption spectra; backfill; chemical fractionation; chromatograms; coal seams; concentration; geochemistry; ground water; ions; mines; mobility; pH; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; selenates; selenites; solute transport; spectra; toxicity; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemistry and behavior of arsenic and chromium in a wet substrate, anaerobic bioreactor dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria AN - 52373986; 2000-024820 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Ozawa, Toshisuke AU - Cohen, Ronald R H AU - Klusman, Ronald W A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 587 EP - 602 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - methods KW - waste water KW - data processing KW - remediation KW - reduction KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - Eh KW - chromium KW - soils KW - passive mine drainage system method KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - acid mine drainage KW - sulfates KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - MINTEQAK KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - rates KW - bioremediation KW - models KW - computer programs KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - anaerobic environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Biogeochemistry+and+behavior+of+arsenic+and+chromium+in+a+wet+substrate%2C+anaerobic+bioreactor+dominated+by+sulfate-reducing+bacteria&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+Toshisuke%3BCohen%2C+Ronald+R+H%3BKlusman%2C+Ronald+W&rft.aulast=Ozawa&rft.aufirst=Toshisuke&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; anaerobic environment; arsenic; bacteria; biochemistry; bioremediation; chromium; computer programs; concentration; data processing; Eh; experimental studies; geochemistry; metals; methods; mines; MINTEQAK; models; passive mine drainage system method; pH; pollutants; pollution; rates; reduction; remediation; soils; sulfates; waste water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic characterization of wetlands in surface coal minelands of North Dakota AN - 52373973; 2000-024825 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Sharma, Padam P AU - Butler, Raymond D A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 839 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Coteau Prairie Wetlands KW - mines KW - reclamation KW - characterization KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - North Dakota KW - constructed wetlands KW - recharge KW - sedimentary rocks KW - wetlands KW - coal KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+characterization+of+wetlands+in+surface+coal+minelands+of+North+Dakota&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Padam+P%3BButler%2C+Raymond+D&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Padam&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; aquifers; characterization; coal; constructed wetlands; Coteau Prairie Wetlands; ground water; hydrology; mines; North Dakota; recharge; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; United States; vegetation; water balance; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of permafrost on the geochemistry and hydrology of a metal-sulfide tailing impoundment 20 years later AN - 52373938; 2000-024817 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Steffens, Steven D AU - Lewis-Russ, Anne AU - Jones, Jay AU - Rech, William A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 547 EP - 559 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - subalpine environment KW - terrestrial environment KW - permafrost KW - molybdenum ores KW - Urad Mine KW - ground water KW - perched aquifers KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - mines KW - textures KW - pollutants KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - metal ores KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - tailings KW - sulfides KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+permafrost+on+the+geochemistry+and+hydrology+of+a+metal-sulfide+tailing+impoundment+20+years+later&rft.au=Steffens%2C+Steven+D%3BLewis-Russ%2C+Anne%3BJones%2C+Jay%3BRech%2C+William&rft.aulast=Steffens&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; hydrology; metal ores; mines; molybdenum ores; perched aquifers; permafrost; permeability; pollutants; pollution; pore water; soils; subalpine environment; sulfides; tailings; terrestrial environment; textures; United States; Urad Mine; waste disposal; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release, retention and amino acid interaction of selenomethionine in reclaimed coal mine environment AN - 52373931; 2000-024810 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Sharmasarkar, Shankar AU - Vance, George F A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 290 EP - 299 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - silicates KW - selenomethionine KW - degradation KW - reclamation KW - complexing KW - coal seams KW - vegetation KW - laboratory studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - time factor KW - coal KW - amino acids KW - pH KW - soils KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - sheet silicates KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Release%2C+retention+and+amino+acid+interaction+of+selenomethionine+in+reclaimed+coal+mine+environment&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+Shankar%3BVance%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; amino acids; clay minerals; coal; coal seams; complexing; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; laboratory studies; mines; organic acids; organic compounds; pH; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; selenomethionine; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; time factor; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding selenium mobility by sorption and extraction processes in surface coal mine spoil AN - 52373526; 2000-024809 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Sharmasarkar, Shankar AU - Vance, George F AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Zhang, Renduo AU - Spackman, Lowell K A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 284 EP - 289 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - sorption KW - selenium KW - selenates KW - coal seams KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sedimentary rocks KW - toxicity KW - coal KW - mobility KW - soils KW - mines KW - sulfates KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - selenite KW - aquifers KW - Wyoming KW - spoils KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Understanding+selenium+mobility+by+sorption+and+extraction+processes+in+surface+coal+mine+spoil&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+Shankar%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BReddy%2C+Katta+J%3BZhang%2C+Renduo%3BSpackman%2C+Lowell+K&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; coal; coal seams; ground water; leaching; mines; mobility; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sedimentary rocks; selenates; selenite; selenium; soils; solute transport; sorption; spoils; sulfates; surface water; toxicity; United States; water quality; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors controlling distribution of selenium by geomorphic and pedologic processes in a semi-arid environment, Laramie Basin Wyoming AN - 52373499; 2000-024808 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Munn, Larry C A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 270 EP - 283 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - electrical conductivity KW - terrestrial environment KW - selenium KW - slopes KW - semi-arid environment KW - vegetation KW - ground water KW - Cenozoic KW - Laramie Basin KW - movement KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - weathering KW - pedons KW - depth KW - Wyoming KW - water table KW - Tertiary KW - organic compounds KW - parent materials KW - geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Factors+controlling+distribution+of+selenium+by+geomorphic+and+pedologic+processes+in+a+semi-arid+environment%2C+Laramie+Basin+Wyoming&rft.au=Munn%2C+Larry+C&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; Cenozoic; depth; electrical conductivity; geochemistry; geomorphology; ground water; Laramie Basin; movement; organic compounds; parent materials; pedons; pH; pollutants; pollution; selenium; semi-arid environment; slopes; soils; solute transport; terrestrial environment; Tertiary; United States; vegetation; water table; weathering; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subaqueous closure of tailings, an analogue case history AN - 52373447; 2000-024814 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Lupo, John F AU - Lewis-Russ, Anne AU - Popielak, Roman S A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 519 EP - 527 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - subaqueous waste disposal KW - Missoula County Montana KW - ground water KW - sediments KW - reduction KW - mobility KW - geochemistry KW - Eh KW - mines KW - reservoirs KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - Montana KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - dilution KW - metals KW - waste disposal KW - tailings KW - Milltown Reservoir KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Subaqueous+closure+of+tailings%2C+an+analogue+case+history&rft.au=Lupo%2C+John+F%3BLewis-Russ%2C+Anne%3BPopielak%2C+Roman+S&rft.aulast=Lupo&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; arsenic; case studies; dilution; Eh; geochemistry; ground water; metals; Milltown Reservoir; mines; Missoula County Montana; mobility; Montana; organic compounds; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; reduction; reservoirs; sediments; subaqueous waste disposal; tailings; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal release characteristics of tailings in a marine environment; a laboratory study AN - 52373398; 2000-024813 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Drake, Pamela L AU - Lambeth, Robert H AU - Paulson, Anthony J A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 505 EP - 518 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - sea water KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - solution KW - hydrochemistry KW - laboratory studies KW - marine sediments KW - deposition KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - bacteria KW - sediments KW - trace metals KW - waste disposal KW - tailings KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Metal+release+characteristics+of+tailings+in+a+marine+environment%3B+a+laboratory+study&rft.au=Drake%2C+Pamela+L%3BLambeth%2C+Robert+H%3BPaulson%2C+Anthony+J&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; adsorption; bacteria; concentration; deposition; experimental studies; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; laboratory studies; marine environment; marine sediments; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; sea water; sediments; solution; tailings; trace metals; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral reactions in a Colorado mine dump; implications for remediation in arid and semi-arid environments AN - 52373324; 2000-024819 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Whitney, Gene AU - Esposito, Kenneth J AU - Sweeney, Kara N A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 577 EP - 586 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - alteration KW - terrestrial environment KW - Gilpin County Colorado KW - semi-arid environment KW - remediation KW - Topeka Mine KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - climate KW - abandoned mines KW - soils KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - arid environment KW - oxidation KW - Central City Colorado KW - pollution KW - metals KW - infiltration KW - streams KW - Clear Creek basin KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - Colorado KW - SEM data KW - minerals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Mineral+reactions+in+a+Colorado+mine+dump%3B+implications+for+remediation+in+arid+and+semi-arid+environments&rft.au=Whitney%2C+Gene%3BEsposito%2C+Kenneth+J%3BSweeney%2C+Kara+N&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; alteration; arid environment; Central City Colorado; Clear Creek basin; climate; Colorado; geochemistry; Gilpin County Colorado; infiltration; leaching; metals; minerals; mines; oxidation; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; SEM data; semi-arid environment; soils; streams; terrestrial environment; Topeka Mine; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil selenium, laboratory comparisons and soil/backfill variability AN - 52372670; 2000-024807 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Pasch, Roger N AU - Vance, George F A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 258 EP - 269 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - backfill KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - interlaboratory comparison KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - coal seams KW - vegetation KW - atomic absorption spectra KW - Wyoming KW - laboratory studies KW - quality control KW - spectra KW - regression analysis KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Soil+selenium%2C+laboratory+comparisons+and+soil%2Fbackfill+variability&rft.au=Pasch%2C+Roger+N%3BVance%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Pasch&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; atomic absorption spectra; backfill; coal seams; concentration; experimental studies; interlaboratory comparison; laboratory studies; mines; pollutants; pollution; quality control; regression analysis; selenium; soils; spectra; statistical analysis; United States; vegetation; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical detection of abandoned mine tunnels AN - 52372637; 2000-024828 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Weedman, Allen AU - Humphreys, Chris AU - Ganchin, Yuri AU - Smithson, Scott B A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 856 EP - 857 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - mines KW - high-resolution methods KW - geophysical surveys KW - Rock Springs Wyoming KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - environmental analysis KW - seismic methods KW - Wyoming KW - tunnels KW - Sweetwater County Wyoming KW - surveys KW - geophysical profiles KW - faults KW - abandoned mines KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Geophysical+detection+of+abandoned+mine+tunnels&rft.au=Weedman%2C+Allen%3BHumphreys%2C+Chris%3BGanchin%2C+Yuri%3BSmithson%2C+Scott+B&rft.aulast=Weedman&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; environmental analysis; faults; geophysical methods; geophysical profiles; geophysical surveys; ground-penetrating radar; high-resolution methods; mines; radar methods; Rock Springs Wyoming; seismic methods; surveys; Sweetwater County Wyoming; tunnels; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updating the cumulative hydrologic impact assessment; groundwater AN - 52372605; 2000-024826 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Peacock, Kenneth T AU - Kern, John W A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 846 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - reclamation KW - data processing KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - coal seams KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - data management KW - sedimentary rocks KW - geographic information systems KW - coal KW - data bases KW - Powder River basin KW - hydrology KW - mines KW - methane KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - geostatistics KW - alkanes KW - information management KW - models KW - Wyoming KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Updating+the+cumulative+hydrologic+impact+assessment%3B+groundwater&rft.au=Peacock%2C+Kenneth+T%3BKern%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=846&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; coal; coal seams; data bases; data management; data processing; environmental analysis; geographic information systems; geostatistics; ground water; hydrocarbons; hydrology; information management; information systems; methane; mines; models; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; simulation; statistical analysis; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of copper, zinc, and nickel in mine drainage treated with anoxic limestone drains AN - 52372583; 2000-024822 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Watzlaf, George R A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 831 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - methods KW - limestone KW - zinc KW - mines KW - concentration KW - acid mine drainage KW - copper KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - mine drainage KW - sedimentary rocks KW - metals KW - coal KW - nickel KW - passive treatment methods KW - anaerobic environment KW - carbonate rocks KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Fate+of+copper%2C+zinc%2C+and+nickel+in+mine+drainage+treated+with+anoxic+limestone+drains&rft.au=Watzlaf%2C+George+R&rft.aulast=Watzlaf&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; anaerobic environment; carbonate rocks; coal; concentration; copper; limestone; metals; methods; mine drainage; mines; nickel; passive treatment methods; pH; pollutants; pollution; sedimentary rocks; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regression analysis to predict selenium levels at two surface coal mines in the Powder River basin, Wyoming AN - 52372558; 2000-024811 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Schladweiler, Brenda AU - Vance, George F AU - Legg, David E AU - Bilen, Canan A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 300 EP - 308 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mining KW - mines KW - concentration KW - selenium KW - surface mining KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - coal seams KW - vegetation KW - depth KW - Wyoming KW - sedimentary rocks KW - coal KW - regression analysis KW - Powder River basin KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Regression+analysis+to+predict+selenium+levels+at+two+surface+coal+mines+in+the+Powder+River+basin%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Schladweiler%2C+Brenda%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BLegg%2C+David+E%3BBilen%2C+Canan&rft.aulast=Schladweiler&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; coal; coal seams; concentration; depth; mines; mining; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; prediction; regression analysis; sedimentary rocks; selenium; soils; statistical analysis; surface mining; United States; vegetation; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of abandoned mine sites using constructed wetlands; a Colorado perspective AN - 52372528; 2000-024803 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Ganse, Margaret A AU - Herron, James T A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 60 EP - 71 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - passive methods KW - methods KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - altitude KW - coal seams KW - remediation KW - constructed wetlands KW - sedimentary rocks KW - reduction KW - pH KW - climate KW - abandoned mines KW - soils KW - mines KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - case studies KW - wetlands KW - metal ores KW - anaerobic environment KW - Colorado KW - carbonate rocks KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+abandoned+mine+sites+using+constructed+wetlands%3B+a+Colorado+perspective&rft.au=Ganse%2C+Margaret+A%3BHerron%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Ganse&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; altitude; anaerobic environment; carbonate rocks; case studies; climate; coal seams; Colorado; constructed wetlands; limestone; metal ores; methods; mines; oxidation; passive methods; pH; pollution; reduction; remediation; sedimentary rocks; soils; sulfate ion; United States; water quality; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of natural organic solutes on the sorption of selenium by coal mine backfill-core samples from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming AN - 52372498; 2000-024802 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Vance, George F AU - Fadlelmawla, Amr A AU - See, Randolph B AU - Reddy, Katta J A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 246 EP - 257 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - sorption KW - selenium KW - Campbell County Wyoming KW - environmental analysis KW - cores KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sampling KW - northeastern Wyoming KW - geochemistry KW - Powder River basin KW - pH KW - mines KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - coal mines KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - aquifers KW - Wyoming KW - organic compounds KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Role+of+natural+organic+solutes+on+the+sorption+of+selenium+by+coal+mine+backfill-core+samples+from+the+Powder+River+Basin%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Vance%2C+George+F%3BFadlelmawla%2C+Amr+A%3BSee%2C+Randolph+B%3BReddy%2C+Katta+J&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of referen