TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of the phytotoxicity of saponins on weed and crop plants. AN - 78519929; 8910696 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Reddy, K N AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 73 VL - 405 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Saponins KW - Escin KW - 6805-41-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Development KW - Escin -- pharmacology KW - Seeds -- growth & development KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Saponins -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78519929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Studies+of+the+phytotoxicity+of+saponins+on+weed+and+crop+plants.&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+R+E%3BZablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BReddy%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=405&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of vitamin E on human aortic endothelial cell responses to oxidative injury. AN - 78472216; 8886801 AB - Reactive oxygen species produced by the cells present in the arterial wall may cause oxidative damage to cellular components altering endothelial cell (EC) function. Changes in the EC function appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were employed to investigate the protective role of vitamin E upon exposure of endothelial cells to oxidative stress in vitro. HAEC assimilate d-alpha-tocopherol from the media in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of HAEC to 16.5 mM of the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) for 16 h decreased cell viability (assessed by trypan blue exclusion) from 90 to 28%. HAEC preincubated with vitamin E at 15, 30, and 60 microM prior to the AAPH exposure resulted in a dose-dependent increase in resistance to oxidative stress and increased cell viability by 37, 66, and 85%, respectively. An increase in prostacyclin (PGI2) production by HAEC in response to AAPH exposure was correlated positively with cell damage and negatively with vitamin E concentration. Interleukin (IL)-1 production also increased in parallel with cell damage induced by AAPH. Vitamin E treatment significantly reduced IL-1 production after AAPH exposure. This modulatory role of vitamin E on HAEC function following exposure to an oxidative stress may reflect its antioxidant protection against lipid peroxidation. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Martin, A AU - Wu, D AU - Baur, W AU - Meydani, S N AU - Blumberg, J B AU - Meydani, M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Free Radicals KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) KW - 7381JDR72F KW - Epoprostenol KW - DCR9Z582X0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Aorta KW - Epoprostenol -- metabolism KW - Amidines -- toxicity KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- pathology KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78472216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mixed+infection+of+grapevines+in+northern+Italy+by+phytoplasmas+including+16S+rRNA+RFLP+subgroup+16SrI-B+strains+previously+unreported+in+this+host&rft.au=Alma%2C+A%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BBosco%2C+D%3BArzone%2C+A%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Alma&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fumonisin B1 in corn by capillary electrophoresis. AN - 78407433; 8850609 AB - Intact fumonisins contain two tricarballylic acid groups and can therefore acquire a net negative charge. The anionic nature of the fumonisins is the basis behind the widely used method for cleanup of corn with strong anion exchange (SAX) columns. This property also enables the fumonisins to be separated by electrophoretic techniques which, until now, have not been applied to the analysis of fumonisins in corn. Fumonisin B1, extracted from corn with 80/20 (v/v) methanol/water and isolated with a commercially available affinity column, was derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate for analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIF). Recoveries from corn fortified with 0.25 to 5.0 ppm FB1 averaged 89% (range 71 to 102%). As little as 0.05 ppm FB1 could be detected in corn. For corn naturally contaminated with FB1, the CZE-LIF method compared favorably to established SAX/HPLC and C18/HPLC methods. Capillary electrophoresis can be used for quantitation of FB1 in corn, with minimal use of organic solvents and provides an additional tool for confirming fumonisin contamination. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Maragos, C M AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Fumonisins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Mycotoxins KW - Naphthalenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde KW - 7149-49-7 KW - Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate KW - I223NX31W9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78407433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fumonisin+B1+in+corn+by+capillary+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical determination of fumonisins and other metabolites produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related species on corn. AN - 78407191; 8850605 AB - Fumonisins, secondary metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme are potent toxins that can be found in fungal contaminated corn. The detection and measurement of these toxins by HPLC with detection by an evaporative light scattering detector and by electrospray MS is reported. The light scattering detector had enough sensitivity to analyze culture materials, however, clean-up was necessary to detect fumonisins at sub-ppm levels in naturally contaminated corn extracts. The detection limit for FB1 with the light scattering detector was in the low ng range (10-50) while the detection limit of less than 1 ng injected was observed for the electrospray detector. Several previously unreported fumonisin isomers were observed in electrospray chromatograms of culture extracts. Two of these compounds, FA3 and FA4 were isolated and their proposed structure confirmed by NMR experiments. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Plattner, R D AU - Weisleder, D AU - Poling, S M AD - Bioactive Constituents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Midwest Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B4 KW - 136379-60-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78407191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Analytical+determination+of+fumonisins+and+other+metabolites+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+and+related+species+on+corn.&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BPoling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and biochemical aspects of fumonisin production. AN - 78403585; 8850615 AB - Fumonisin mycotoxins are produced by Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme) mating population A, a major pathogen of maize and sorghum worldwide. Fumonisin biosynthetic genes are being identified by genetic crosses utilizing naturally occurring fumonisin production variants. Meiotic analysis has identified three putative fumonisin biosynthetic loci. Fum1, which can control the ability to produce fumonisins, is being localized by marker-based mapping. Fum2 and fum3, which control hydroxylation of carbon-10 and carbon-5, respectively, appear to be linked. Additional experimental crosses should elucidate the linkage relationships among fum1, fum2 and fum3. When genetic analysis has localized the position of the fumonisin biosynthetic genes to a particular chromosomal region or regions, the genes will be identified by complementation of function via DNA-mediated transformation. Understanding fumonisin biosynthesis and its regulation should facilitate development of measures to control fumonisin contamination. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Proctor, R H AD - Mycotoxin Research and Bioactive Constituents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 165 EP - 173 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78403585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+biochemical+aspects+of+fumonisin+production.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of fumonisins in food and feed products prepared from contaminated corn. AN - 78403232; 8850627 AB - The fate and distribution of the fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were determined in products obtained from naturally contaminated corn used for ethanol fermentation and wet milling operations. Fumonisins are stable to the conditions used in ethanol fermentations and tend to concentrate in the distillers dried grain, a fraction generally used for animal feed. No toxin was found in the ethanol. Starch from wet milling of corn, naturally contaminated at 13.9 micrograms fumonisin B1/g, was free of detectable toxin. The other fractions contained fumonisins at the following levels: gluten (5.1-5.8 micrograms FB1/g, 4.7-4.9 micrograms FB2/g); fiber (2.7-5.7 micrograms FB1/g, 2.1-3.1 micrograms FB2/g); and germ (1.3-3.1 micrograms FB1/g, 0.7-1.6 micrograms FB2/g). The steep water and process water contained 22% of the recoverable fumonisins. A combination of analytical methodologies was required to determine fumonisins in the different products from the wet milling process. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AU - Eckhoff, S R AD - Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 317 EP - 322 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fermentation KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78403232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+fumonisins+in+food+and+feed+products+prepared+from+contaminated+corn.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BEckhoff%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and purification of fumonisin B1 and B2 from rice culture. AN - 78401238; 8850610 AB - Procedures are presented for growing Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826 on rice, separation of fumonisin B1 (FB1) from fumonisin B2 (FB2), purification of FB1 and preliminary procedures for purification of FB2. The mycotoxins were extracted from rice culture material (RCM) with acetonitrile-water (1:1), filtered, and the acetonitrile removed on a rotary evaporator. Preparative reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) was used to isolate and partially purify FB1 and FB2 from the extract. The extract was applied to a C18 reverse phase cartridge. FB1 and FB2 were eluted from the cartridge by a gradient of water-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 30 mL/min. A second preparative LC procedure using 0.5% pyridine-water and two CN cartridges was used to purify FB1. The FB2 fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to remove the acetonitrile. Acetonitrile was added back in sufficient quantity to redissolve the crystalline material in the fraction. An aliquot of the FB2 fraction was added to a centrifugal spinning silicic acid TLC plate. The centrifugal TLC plate was washed at 3 mL/min with a linear gradient of (A) chloroform-acetone(4:3) and (B) methanol-acetone (1:1) to elute the FB2. Gradient starting conditions were 10% methanol and ending conditions were 50% methanol. This preliminary study using the centrifugal spinning TLC showed the procedure to have the potential to be useful for purification of FB2. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Meredith, F I AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AU - Plattner, R D AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Agriculture Research Center USDA/ARS, Athens, GA 30604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 113 EP - 122 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- isolation & purification KW - Oryza -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78401238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+purification+of+fumonisin+B1+and+B2+from+rice+culture.&rft.au=Meredith%2C+F+I%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin toxicity and metabolism studies at the USDA. Fumonisin toxicity and metabolism. AN - 78398738; 8850620 AB - Fumonisins are responsible for many of the toxic effects of the common corn fungus, Fusarium moniliforme. They are acute renal and liver toxins in rats, and have tumor promoting activity. Fumonisin B1 is poorly absorbed, rapidly excreted, and persists in small amounts in the liver and kidney. Fumonisins are specific inhibitors of ceramide synthase, and the toxic effects they produce may be related to their ability to disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, resulting in a myriad of problems in cell regulation and communication. In this paper, research that has been conducted on F. monilforme and the fumonisins at the USDA's Russell Research Center is reviewed. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Norred, W P AU - Voss, K A AU - Riley, R T AU - Plattner, R D AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, ARS/USDA, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 225 EP - 236 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Chick Embryo KW - Food Contamination KW - Horses KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78398738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+toxicity+and+metabolism+studies+at+the+USDA.+Fumonisin+toxicity+and+metabolism.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusaric acid and pathogenic interactions of corn and non-corn isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, a nonobligate pathogen of corn. AN - 78397318; 8850616 AB - Fusarium moniliform is a nonobligate parasite of corn, which exists as a complex of closely related fungi from different mating population or biological species. Strains of this fungus isolated from corn, have been determined to belong to mating populations A, although other populations have been isolated from corn. The ultrastructural association of the fungus with corn during growth, and the effects of the host on suppression of disease suppression are reviewed. This fungus enters a relationship with corn cultivars that is not always pathogenic. Pathogenesis is delayed, if it ever occurs. F. moniliforme can exist entirely as an endophyte, systemically colonizing kernels, remaining there until germination upon which the fungus infects the emerging seedlings. The symptomless association persists during the growth cycle of corn, and the resulting endophytic hyphae may be the source of mycotoxin production. The host's ability to suppress the fungus appears to be related to one class of compounds, the cyclic hydroxamic acids and their decomposition products, which can be catabolized by the fungi of mating population A but not C. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Bacon, C W AU - Hinton, D M AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 191 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Index Medicus KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Host-Parasite Interactions KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Plant Diseases KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusaric Acid -- metabolism KW - Fusaric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- drug effects KW - Fusarium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78397318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+and+pathogenic+interactions+of+corn+and+non-corn+isolates+of+Fusarium+moniliforme%2C+a+nonobligate+pathogen+of+corn.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High dose-B-vitamin treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients. AN - 78277538; 8770960 AB - Hyperhomocysteinemia, an arteriosclerotic risk factor, persists in 75% of dialysis patients despite routine low dose supplementation with the B-vitamin co-factors/substrates for homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, and normal or supernormal plasma status of these vitamins (Atherosclerosis 114:93, 1995). We conducted a placebo-controlled eight-week trial of the effect on plasma homocysteine of adding supraphysiologic dose folic acid (15 mg/day), B-6 (100 mg/day), and B-12 (1 mg/day) to the usual daily dosing of 1 mg folic acid, 10 mg B-6, and 12 micrograms B-12, in 27 hyperhomocysteinemic dialysis patients. Total plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline, and after four and eight weeks. Blinded analyses revealed no evidence of toxicity in the group randomized to supraphysiologic dose B-vitamin supplementation. Plasma homocysteine was significantly reduced after both four weeks (-29.8% vs. -2.0%; P = 0.0024) and eight weeks (-25.8% vs. +0.6%; P = 0.0009) of active versus placebo treatment. Also, 5 of 15 treated versus 0 of 12 placebo group patients had their plasma Hcy reduced to within the normative range (< 15 mumol/liter). Supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins may be required to correct hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients. JF - Kidney international AU - Bostom, A G AU - Shemin, D AU - Lapane, K L AU - Hume, A L AU - Yoburn, D AU - Nadeau, M R AU - Bendich, A AU - Selhub, J AU - Rosenberg, I H AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 147 EP - 152 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0085-2538, 0085-2538 KW - Homocysteine KW - 0LVT1QZ0BA KW - Vitamin B Complex KW - 12001-76-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Kidney Diseases -- blood KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Kidney Diseases -- therapy KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Homocysteine -- blood KW - Vitamin B Complex -- administration & dosage KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- blood KW - Renal Dialysis KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78277538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kidney+international&rft.atitle=High+dose-B-vitamin+treatment+of+hyperhomocysteinemia+in+dialysis+patients.&rft.au=Bostom%2C+A+G%3BShemin%2C+D%3BLapane%2C+K+L%3BHume%2C+A+L%3BYoburn%2C+D%3BNadeau%2C+M+R%3BBendich%2C+A%3BSelhub%2C+J%3BRosenberg%2C+I+H&rft.aulast=Bostom&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Kidney+international&rft.issn=00852538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of detectable fumonisins in the milk of cows fed Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg culture material. AN - 78273767; 8751831 AB - Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by the ubiquitous fungi Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, were first identified about eight years ago. They have been shown to cause a variety of health effects in animals, including epidemiological evidence of esophageal cancer in humans. Cattle are less sensitive to ill effects than horses and swine. Fumonisins are common contaminants of low quality grain fed to cattle. Culture material containing fumonisins (FB1, FB2, and FB3) was mixed into the total diet and fed for 14 days to two midlactation Jersey cows to determine if fumonisins are excreted in milk. The dietary equivalent of fumonisin was approximately 75 ppm and the two cows consumed an average of 3 mg fumonisin B1/kg body weight (bwt)/day. Fumonisins were not detected in any of the milk samples by two analytical laboratories using methods with a sensitivity of 5 ng/ml. Except for transient diarrhea at the beginning of the contaminant feeding period and an increase in serum cholesterol, clinical and hematologic changes were not observed in the animals. The appearance or carry over of fumonisins from feed to milk in dairy cows does not appear to be significant and likely not a hazard or food safety concern for humans. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Richard, J L AU - Meerdink, G AU - Maragos, C M AU - Tumbleson, M AU - Bordson, G AU - Rice, L G AU - Ross, P F AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 123 EP - 126 VL - 133 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Female KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78273767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Absence+of+detectable+fumonisins+in+the+milk+of+cows+fed+Fusarium+proliferatum+%28Matsushima%29+Nirenberg+culture+material.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BMeerdink%2C+G%3BMaragos%2C+C+M%3BTumbleson%2C+M%3BBordson%2C+G%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BRoss%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant toxins. The essences of diversity and a challenge to research. AN - 78239775; 8726047 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Manners, G D AD - Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 35 VL - 391 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78239775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Plant+toxins.+The+essences+of+diversity+and+a+challenge+to+research.&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The chemistry and biological activities of the natural products AAL-toxin and the fumonisins. AN - 78236195; 8726068 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, S O AU - Shier, W T AU - Riley, R T AU - Kraus, G A AD - USDA-ARS, SWSL Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 293 EP - 308 VL - 391 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Alternaria alternata pathotoxin TA KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungi -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78236195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=The+chemistry+and+biological+activities+of+the+natural+products+AAL-toxin+and+the+fumonisins.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+S+O%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BKraus%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic oxidation products of allelochemicals as a basis for resistance against insects: effects on the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. AN - 78169732; 8726328 AB - Oxidation products of com allelochemicals generated by peroxidases or tyrosinases were tested in 10% sucrose solutions for effects on the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. Some reduction in feeding was noted with hydrogen peroxide (a cofactor for peroxidase). Significant reduction in feeding was noted with chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (MBOA), but not rutin at 400 ppm in solution. Oxidation products of these compounds all caused significantly less feeding by the leafhoppers compared to the original compound. Oxidation products generated by peroxidase from ferulic acid and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone caused significant mortality to the leafhoppers within 5 days. Thus, provided conditions are such that oxidizing enzymes and allelochemicals can interact due to damage by insects, resistance may be significantly enhanced by the oxidized products as opposed to the effects of the allelochemicals alone. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dowd, P F AU - Vega, F E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Benzoxazoles KW - 0 KW - Coumaric Acids KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Solutions KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone KW - 532-91-2 KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - ferulic acid KW - AVM951ZWST KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.18.1 KW - 4-coumaric acid KW - IBS9D1EU3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Peroxidases -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- metabolism KW - Benzoxazoles -- metabolism KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- toxicity KW - Benzoxazoles -- toxicity KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Sucrose -- chemistry KW - Coumaric Acids -- toxicity KW - Zea mays KW - Coumaric Acids -- metabolism KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism KW - Hemiptera -- physiology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- toxicity KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Plants, Medicinal -- metabolism KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78169732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+oxidation+products+of+allelochemicals+as+a+basis+for+resistance+against+insects%3A+effects+on+the+corn+leafhopper+Dalbulus+maidis.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BVega%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses. AN - 78050287; 9026086 AB - Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), a noxious weed that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), infests pastures and fields in the western United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to better diagnose PA poisoning and describe the progression of gross and microscopic lesions caused by houndstongue intoxication. Six horses were gavaged daily with a suspension of houndstongue containing 5 or 15 mg/kg total PA for 14 days. Two horses were treated similarly with ground alfalfa as controls. Liver biopsy samples and serum biochemical and hematologic values were evaluated biweekly. Within 7 days after dosing, horses treated with 15 mg/kg PA developed severe liver disease characterized by altered bile acid metabolism, elevated serum enzymes, and extensive hepatocellular necrosis with minimal periportal fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia. The condition of these animals continued to deteriorate, and they were euthanized. For several weeks after dosing, horses treated with 5 mg/kg PA were depressed, had transient elevations of serum enzymes and bile acids, and developed minimal periportal hepatocellular necrosis with fibrosis. The biochemical changes resolved by 6-8 weeks; however, the histologic disease persisted with extensive megalocytosis by week 14. Throughout the study, the rate of hepatocellular proliferation remained constant. Biliary cells had an increase in mitotic rate that correlated with the histologic changes. Hepatic tissue-bound pyrroles (PA metabolites) were identified in necropsy samples of treated animals using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and photometrically with Ehrlich's reagent. These findings suggest that pyrrole extraction and identification are useful in documenting PA exposure and that houndstongue is extremely toxic to horses. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Gardner, D R AU - James, L F AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 81 EP - 90 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Pyrroles KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Cecum -- pathology KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Horses KW - Edema KW - Biopsy KW - Infarction KW - Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Colon -- blood supply KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Dermatitis -- pathology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dermatitis -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- pathology KW - Horse Diseases KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Pyrroles -- analysis KW - Poisoning -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78050287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Pyrrole+detection+and+the+pathologic+progression+of+Cynoglossum+officinale+%28houndstongue%29+poisoning+in+horses.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of hydrolysed fumonisin B1 (HFB1) in corn by competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 78045854; 8647300 AB - Fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by certain Fusarium moulds, consists of two tricarballyic acid groups esterified to a 20-carbon backbone. Under alkaline conditions, or through metabolism, the aminopentol backbone, also known as hydrolysed Fumonisin B1 (HFB1) can be formed and is itself cytotoxic. Although the occurrence of HFB1 in corn-based foods is suspected, because of the ubiquitous nature of FB1 in corn, analytical methods for its detection are difficult. In the present report we describe a monoclonal antibody-based competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) for the rapid analysis of HFB1 in corn. The concentration required to inhibit enzyme conjugate binding by 50% (IC50) was 36 ng/ml. The limit of detection of HFB, by the CD-ELISA was 2ng/ml, when HFB1 was added in bovine serum albumin-phosphate buffered saline. The antibody also cross-reacted with the hydrolysis products of FB2, FB3, and FB4, having IC50 values of 331, 174, and 1700 ng/ml respectively. The antibody did not react with the intact fumonisins, sphingosine, sphinganine, or tricarballylic acid. Samples of corn spiked with HFB1 over the range of 5-1000 ng/g indicated the CD-ELISA has a limit of detection of 5 ng/g and an IC50 of 41 ng/g in the matrix. The CD-ELISA provides a sensitive and rapid tool for the analysis of corn-based foods for HFB1. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AU - Plattner, R D AU - Miklasz, S D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 105 EP - 113 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78045854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+hydrolysed+fumonisin+B1+%28HFB1%29+in+corn+by+competitive+direct+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BMiklasz%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactotroph and somatotroph function in piglets reared in a constant hot environment. AN - 77974498; 8594321 AB - The present study evaluated the effect of rearing in a constant hot (32 degrees C) or cool (21 degrees C) thermal environment (TE) on lactotroph and somatotroph secretory activity in 5-wk-old barrows (castrate males) and gilts (female). Pituitary cells from seven gilts and seven barrows from each TE were cultured at a density of 250,000 cells/1 ml well and exposed to vehicle (culture medium); .1, 1, 10, or 100 nM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); or .1, 1, or 10 nM growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Post-receptor cellular stimulation was induced pharmacologically with 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP (cAMP); 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); or 59 mM KCl. Prolactin secretion in culture was stimulated by TRH and by pharmacological compounds (p .5). No effects of sex (p > .3) or sex x TE interactions (p > .2) were detected in any endpoint. The results of this study demonstrate that lactotroph, but not somatotroph, secretory activity is enhanced by a constant hot TE in early postweaning pigs. This increase in secretory activity does not appear to be dependent on receptor-mediated cellular activation, but may reflect enhanced levels of cellular PRL available for release. JF - Life sciences AU - Matteri, R L AU - Becker, B A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Physiology Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 711 EP - 717 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 5Y5F15120W KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Aging KW - Cold Temperature KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Orchiectomy KW - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- drug effects KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Swine -- physiology KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- metabolism KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- secretion KW - Growth Hormone -- blood KW - Acclimatization KW - Growth Hormone -- metabolism KW - Prolactin -- metabolism KW - Growth Hormone -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77974498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Lactotroph+and+somatotroph+function+in+piglets+reared+in+a+constant+hot+environment.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BBecker%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A single nucleotide substitution in the alpha a gene confers oat pathogenicity to barley stripe mosaic virus strain ND18. AN - 77972922; 8589424 AB - A 236-nucleotide region from the alpha a gene of strain CV42 (pathogenic to oat), when substituted for the homologous region in strain ND18 (nonpathogenic to oat), was shown previously to confer a near wild-type oat pathogenicity to this strain (Weiland and Edwards, 1994, Virology 201: 116-126). The data suggested that six amino acid substitutions in the alpha a gene were responsible for the differences in oat pathogenicity, and that threonine-724, encoded by CV42, might be a critical amino acid in determining pathogenicity of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) to oat. In the present work, codons specifying T-724, I-764, and N-785 (encoded by CV42 RNA alpha) were substituted individually and in combination for those coding for P-724, T-764, and K-785 (encoded by ND18 RNA alpha), respectively, by site-directed mutagenesis. The core K-733, T-734, and K-736 positions (CV42) were substituted for Q-733, S-734, and Q-736 (ND18) as a single block. The results of inoculations with these mutants indicate that the C2261-->A2261 nucleotide substitution (P-724-->T-724) by itself is sufficient to enable strain ND18 to infect oat plants, although poorly. Additional substitution of CV42 codons into ND18 RNA alpha at the remaining five positions altered symptom type, decreased the timing of the appearance of symptoms, and increased the percentage of plants infected per inoculation. Nonetheless, all mutants accumulated to similar levels in inoculated oat protoplasts after a 24-h period. Using a recombinant RNA beta from which beta-glucuronidase could be expressed, results were obtained suggesting that the multiplication of strain ND18 and the nonpathogenic variants generated in the study was restricted in the inoculated leaf. The data indicate a potential pathway by which pathogenicity to oat evolved in BSMV. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Weiland, J J AU - Edwards, M C AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 62 EP - 67 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Viral Proteins KW - alpha a protein, barley stripe mosaic virus KW - Index Medicus KW - Hordeum -- virology KW - Base Sequence KW - Avena -- virology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Genome, Viral KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Plant Leaves -- virology KW - Plant Diseases -- virology KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Mosaic Viruses -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Genes, Viral KW - Mosaic Viruses -- pathogenicity KW - Edible Grain -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77972922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=A+single+nucleotide+substitution+in+the+alpha+a+gene+confers+oat+pathogenicity+to+barley+stripe+mosaic+virus+strain+ND18.&rft.au=Weiland%2C+J+J%3BEdwards%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Social Change on National Forests in Southern California: A Qualitative Study of Hispanic Leisure T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61715413; 96S32146 AB - In-depth interviews of 4 Hispanic families were conducted at 2 picnic areas in the Angeles & San Bernardino National Forests (CA) to examine leisure patterns & the importance of leisure in their lives. Findings show that Hispanics have many preferences for ethnic group labels, family is very important, traditional lists of activities may not match minority leisure practices, & leisure is very important to some families, particularly leisure in natural environments. Results suggest that additional study of the link between Hispanic values & leisure is needed. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Chavez, Deborah J Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 KW - leisure activities, Hispanic families KW - interviews KW - forest picnic areas, California KW - California KW - Outdoor Recreation KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Leisure KW - Parks KW - Family Life KW - proceeding KW - 0842: mass phenomena; sociology of leisure/tourism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61715413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Social+Change+on+National+Forests+in+Southern+California%3A+A+Qualitative+Study+of+Hispanic+Leisure&rft.au=Chavez%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of a daily rainfall erosivity model for New South Wales AN - 52814630; 1996-060561 JF - Australian Journal of Soil Research AU - Yu, B AU - Rosewell, C J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 152 PB - Australia, CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), Melbourne, Victoria VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0004-9573, 0004-9573 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Australasia KW - erosion KW - rainfall KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - New South Wales Australia KW - water erosion KW - simulation KW - models KW - Australia KW - seasonal variations KW - soil erosion KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52814630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+a+daily+rainfall+erosivity+model+for+New+South+Wales&rft.au=Yu%2C+B%3BRosewell%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.issn=00049573&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/84.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - Victoria N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASORAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; climate; erosion; hydrology; models; New South Wales Australia; rainfall; seasonal variations; simulation; soil erosion; soils; Universal Soil Loss Equation; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemistry of lichens and mosses in and near Mt. Zirkel Wilderness, Routt National Forest, Colorado; influences of coal-fired power plant emissions AN - 52717743; 1997-037028 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Jackson, Larry L AU - Geiser, Linda AU - Blett, Tamara AU - Gries, Corinna AU - Haddow, Dennis Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 162 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - photosynthesis KW - Mount Zirkel Wilderness KW - lichens KW - power plants KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - combustion KW - Bryophyta KW - Routt National Forest KW - USGS KW - rain KW - protection KW - organic materials KW - Plantae KW - pollutants KW - pigments KW - biochemistry KW - photochemistry KW - damage KW - pollution KW - public lands KW - chlorophyll KW - acid rain KW - wilderness areas KW - organic compounds KW - industrial waste KW - Colorado KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52717743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Larry+L%3BGeiser%2C+Linda%3BBlett%2C+Tamara%3BGries%2C+Corinna%3BHaddow%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Biogeochemistry+of+lichens+and+mosses+in+and+near+Mt.+Zirkel+Wilderness%2C+Routt+National+Forest%2C+Colorado%3B+influences+of+coal-fired+power+plant+emissions&rft.title=Biogeochemistry+of+lichens+and+mosses+in+and+near+Mt.+Zirkel+Wilderness%2C+Routt+National+Forest%2C+Colorado%3B+influences+of+coal-fired+power+plant+emissions&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 105 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 26 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; atmospheric precipitation; biochemistry; Bryophyta; chlorophyll; Colorado; combustion; damage; industrial waste; lichens; Mount Zirkel Wilderness; organic compounds; organic materials; photochemistry; photosynthesis; pigments; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; power plants; protection; public lands; rain; Routt National Forest; thallophytes; United States; USGS; vegetation; wilderness areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology of the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation and adjacent areas, south-central Missouri AN - 52710391; 1997-043055 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Harrison, Richard W AU - Orndorff, Randall C AU - Weems, Robert E AU - Albertson, Paul E AU - Mienert, Dennis AU - Butler, Grant Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 255 EP - 255, 10 sheets PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - Scale: 1:24,000 KW - Scale: 1:48,000 KW - Type: geologic map KW - Type: structure contour map KW - Type: tectonic maps KW - United States KW - spatial data KW - Missouri KW - caves KW - surficial geology KW - mapping KW - karst KW - hydrogeology KW - geologic maps KW - areal geology KW - springs KW - explanatory text KW - outcrops KW - tectonics KW - USGS KW - faults KW - stratigraphy KW - bedrock KW - Fort Leonard Wood Missouri KW - structure contour maps KW - maps KW - tectonic maps KW - military facilities KW - Pulaski County Missouri KW - 13:Areal geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52710391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Richard+W%3BOrndorff%2C+Randall+C%3BWeems%2C+Robert+E%3BAlbertson%2C+Paul+E%3BMienert%2C+Dennis%3BButler%2C+Grant&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Geology+of+the+Fort+Leonard+Wood+Military+Reservation+and+adjacent+areas%2C+south-central+Missouri&rft.title=Geology+of+the+Fort+Leonard+Wood+Military+Reservation+and+adjacent+areas%2C+south-central+Missouri&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, strat. cols. N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - areal geology; bedrock; caves; explanatory text; faults; Fort Leonard Wood Missouri; geologic maps; hydrogeology; karst; mapping; maps; military facilities; Missouri; outcrops; Pulaski County Missouri; spatial data; springs; stratigraphy; structure contour maps; surficial geology; tectonic maps; tectonics; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical/chemical behavior of incinerator bottom ash AN - 52700795; 1997-054679 JF - Environmental Geotechnology. Proceedings of the ... International Symposium AU - Sweeney, L R AU - Rivard-Lentz, D J AU - Demars, K R A2 - Fang, Hsai-Yang A2 - Inyang, Hilary I. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 416 EP - 425 PB - Technomic Publishing, Lancaster VL - 3, Vol. 1 KW - soils KW - aggregate KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - landfills KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - iron KW - ferrous iron KW - incinerators KW - ash KW - decontamination KW - metals KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52700795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geotechnology.+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium&rft.atitle=Physical%2Fchemical+behavior+of+incinerator+bottom+ash&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+L+R%3BRivard-Lentz%2C+D+J%3BDemars%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=1566764629&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geotechnology.+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 3rd international symposium on Environmental geotechnology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04504 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggregate; ash; chemical composition; decontamination; degradation; ferrous iron; incinerators; iron; landfills; leaching; metals; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; soils; solubility; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils; including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon AN - 52686223; 1997-068384 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Leventhal, Joel S AU - Ward, Larry Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 15 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - North America KW - Mississippi River basin KW - agriculture KW - bibliography KW - organic compounds KW - carbon KW - Louisiana KW - organic carbon KW - USGS KW - Arkansas KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52686223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Leventhal%2C+Joel+S%3BWard%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Leventhal&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Soil+organic+carbon+content+in+rice+soils+of+Arkansas+and+Louisiana+and+a+comparison+to+non-agricultural+soils%3B+including+a+bibliography+for+agricultural+soil+carbon&rft.title=Soil+organic+carbon+content+in+rice+soils+of+Arkansas+and+Louisiana+and+a+comparison+to+non-agricultural+soils%3B+including+a+bibliography+for+agricultural+soil+carbon&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Arkansas; bibliography; carbon; Louisiana; Mississippi River basin; North America; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; soils; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedogenesis AN - 52675188; 1997-069608 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Mermut, A R AU - Padmanabham, E AU - Eswaran, H AU - Dasog, G S A2 - Ahmad, N. A2 - Mermut, A. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 43 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 24 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - models KW - pedogenesis KW - color KW - loading KW - parent materials KW - Vertisols KW - horizons KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52675188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedogenesis&rft.au=Mermut%2C+A+R%3BPadmanabham%2C+E%3BEswaran%2C+H%3BDasog%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Mermut&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; color; horizons; loading; models; parent materials; pedogenesis; soils; Vertisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for landscape stability in Southwest Kansas during the mid-Holocene AN - 52668524; 1997-075271 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Olson, Carolyn G AU - Porter, Donna AU - Nettleton, Dennis AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 78 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 28 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - sampling KW - dates KW - carbon KW - absolute age KW - Great Plains KW - paleosols KW - horizons KW - soils KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Cimarron River KW - southwestern Kansas KW - Quaternary KW - middle Holocene KW - landform evolution KW - Kansas KW - C-14 KW - landscapes KW - Arkansas River KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52668524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+landscape+stability+in+Southwest+Kansas+during+the+mid-Holocene&rft.au=Olson%2C+Carolyn+G%3BPorter%2C+Donna%3BNettleton%2C+Dennis%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 28th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Arkansas River; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Cimarron River; dates; Great Plains; Holocene; horizons; isotopes; Kansas; landform evolution; landscapes; middle Holocene; North America; paleosols; pedogenesis; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; sampling; soils; southwestern Kansas; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical changes in soil erosion, 1930-1992; the northern Mississippi Valley loess hills AN - 52555899; 1998-060912 JF - Historical Notes - United States Department of Agriculture. Resource Economics and Social Sciences Division AU - Argabright, M Scott AU - Cronshey, Roger G AU - Helms, J Douglas AU - Pavelis, George A AU - Sinclair, H Raymond, Jr Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 92 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, Washington, DC KW - United States KW - soils KW - Minnesota KW - Winona County Minnesota KW - soil profiles KW - yields KW - Mississippi Valley KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - agriculture KW - Iowa KW - conservation KW - sediments KW - loess KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - soil management KW - changes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52555899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Argabright%2C+M+Scott%3BCronshey%2C+Roger+G%3BHelms%2C+J+Douglas%3BPavelis%2C+George+A%3BSinclair%2C+H+Raymond%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Argabright&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Historical+changes+in+soil+erosion%2C+1930-1992%3B+the+northern+Mississippi+Valley+loess+hills&rft.title=Historical+changes+in+soil+erosion%2C+1930-1992%3B+the+northern+Mississippi+Valley+loess+hills&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04496 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; changes; clastic sediments; Clayton County Iowa; conservation; erosion; Iowa; land use; loess; Minnesota; Mississippi Valley; sediments; soil erosion; soil management; soil profiles; soils; tillage; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Winona County Minnesota; yields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroxylated atrazine degradation products in a small Missouri stream AN - 52399825; 2000-012308 JF - ACS Symposium Series AU - Lerch, Robert N AU - Donald, William W AU - Li, Yong-Xi AU - Alberts, Eugene E A2 - Meyer, M. T. A2 - Thurman, E. M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 254 EP - 270 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 630 SN - 0097-6156, 0097-6156 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - Missouri KW - herbicides KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - northeastern Missouri KW - hydroxylation KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52399825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.atitle=Hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+in+a+small+Missouri+stream&rft.au=Lerch%2C+Robert+N%3BDonald%2C+William+W%3BLi%2C+Yong-Xi%3BAlberts%2C+Eugene+E&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=630&rft.issue=&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.issn=00976156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 209th national meeting of the American Chemical Society on Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACSMC8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; degradation; geochemistry; ground water; herbicides; hydroxylation; Missouri; northeastern Missouri; organic compounds; pesticides; pollution; surface water; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between atrazine and smectite surfaces AN - 52397877; 2000-012297 JF - ACS Symposium Series AU - Laird, David A A2 - Meyer, M. T. A2 - Thurman, E. M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 86 EP - 100 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 630 SN - 0097-6156, 0097-6156 KW - silicates KW - herbicides KW - surface water KW - smectite KW - pollution KW - crystal structure KW - ground water KW - clay minerals KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - sheet silicates KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52397877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+atrazine+and+smectite+surfaces&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=630&rft.issue=&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.issn=00976156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 209th national meeting of the American Chemical Society on Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACSMC8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; clay minerals; crystal structure; geochemistry; ground water; herbicides; organic compounds; pesticides; pH; pollution; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; surface water; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil bioengineering practices in Switzerland AN - 51720485; 2005-035480 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Bernard, Jerry M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 34 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 39 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - hydrology KW - stabilization KW - soil mechanics KW - rivers and streams KW - Europe KW - debris flows KW - Switzerland KW - avalanches KW - practice KW - Central Europe KW - mass movements KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51720485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Soil+bioengineering+practices+in+Switzerland&rft.au=Bernard%2C+Jerry+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 39th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - avalanches; Central Europe; debris flows; design; Europe; hydrology; mass movements; practice; rivers and streams; soil mechanics; stabilization; Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial geomorphology in emergency watershed protection AN - 51720274; 2005-035514 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Ketchem, Alica J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 52 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 39 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - meanders KW - Virginia KW - watersheds KW - Rapidan River KW - channels KW - Madison County Virginia KW - fluvial features KW - streams KW - geomorphology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51720274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Fluvial+geomorphology+in+emergency+watershed+protection&rft.au=Ketchem%2C+Alica+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ketchem&rft.aufirst=Alica&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 39th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; fluvial features; geomorphology; hydrology; Madison County Virginia; meanders; protection; Rapidan River; streams; United States; Virginia; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-geomorphic relationships near Rocky Flats, Boulder and Golden, Colorado area, with a stop at the pre-Fountain Formation Paleosol of Wahlstrom (1948) AN - 51039731; 1998-035128 JF - Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report AU - Birkeland, Peter W AU - Miller, Daniel C AU - Patterson, Penny E AU - Price, Alan B AU - Shroba, Ralph R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 13 PB - Colorado Geological Survey, Denver, CO SN - 0271-888X, 0271-888X KW - United States KW - soils KW - Quaternary KW - Jefferson County Colorado KW - clastic sediments KW - guidebook KW - Boulder County Colorado KW - Rocky Flats Plant KW - field trips KW - weathering KW - road log KW - morphology KW - Cenozoic KW - sediments KW - paleosols KW - alluvium KW - geomorphology KW - Colorado KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51039731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Birkeland%2C+Peter+W%3BMiller%2C+Daniel+C%3BPatterson%2C+Penny+E%3BPrice%2C+Alan+B%3BShroba%2C+Ralph+R&rft.aulast=Birkeland&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Soil-geomorphic+relationships+near+Rocky+Flats%2C+Boulder+and+Golden%2C+Colorado+area%2C+with+a+stop+at+the+pre-Fountain+Formation+Paleosol+of+Wahlstrom+%281948%29&rft.title=Soil-geomorphic+relationships+near+Rocky+Flats%2C+Boulder+and+Golden%2C+Colorado+area%2C+with+a+stop+at+the+pre-Fountain+Formation+Paleosol+of+Wahlstrom+%281948%29&rft.issn=0271888X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Field trip No. 27 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; Boulder County Colorado; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; Colorado; field trips; geomorphology; guidebook; Jefferson County Colorado; morphology; paleosols; Quaternary; road log; Rocky Flats Plant; sediments; soils; United States; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Horizontal cross flow filtration and rinsing of ice from saline slurries AN - 26233240; 0271766 (EN); 0271766 (CI) AB - Continuous filtration of ice slurries (with particles of about 80 mu m diameter) to generate potable water was investigated. In the filtration process the ice is driven through a stationary channel with liquid draining through narrow slots in the base. Most of the liquid drained from the slurry at ambient pressure and the residual liquid trapped in the pores of the consolidated ice bed was displaced to a vacuum after downstream rinsing with sprayed or melt water. The cost of this approach may be competitive with reverse osmosis if an automated unit is developed. JF - Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering AU - Dickey, Leland C AU - Dallmer, Michael F AU - Radewonuk, ERichard AU - McAloon, Andrew AD - Agriculture Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, USA PY - 1996 SP - 905 EP - 910 PB - Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering, 130 Slater St , Suite 550, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6E2, Canada, [mailto:MartinaMuselik[mailto:mmuselik@cheminst.ca]] VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0008-4034, 0008-4034 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Computer & Information Systems (CI) KW - Slurries KW - Ice KW - Desalination KW - Freezing KW - Potable water KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Separation KW - Flow of fluids KW - Article KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS (EN) KW - EE 801.3:Colloid Chemistry KW - EE 644.1:Refrigeration Methods (CI) KW - EE 445.1:Water Treatment Techniques KW - EE 443:Meteorology KW - EE 802.3:Chemical Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26233240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Horizontal+cross+flow+filtration+and+rinsing+of+ice+from+saline+slurries&rft.au=Dickey%2C+Leland+C%3BDallmer%2C+Michael+F%3BRadewonuk%2C+ERichard%3BMcAloon%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering&rft.issn=00084034&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1997-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moisture control strategies for the building envelope AN - 26202450; 2001-24-019115 (CE); 0216203 (EN) AB - Moisture control in the exterior building envelope should be based on two major strategies: (1) constructing and operating the building such that the moisture load on the envelope is decreased and (2) building envelope assemblies with a high tolerance for moisture. A consensus on moisture performance criteria and on appropriate assumptions for indoor moisture and temperature conditions is needed to provide a consistent basis for moisture analysis of the exterior envelope and for recommendations for moisture control strategies. Recommendations for 'desirable' or 'optimum' indoor humidity are not useful in regard to envelope performance or indoor air quality because both depend on microclimatic conditions, which are a function of the thermal integrity, air leakage characteristics, and other moisture properties of the wall, as well as exterior weather conditions. JF - J THERM INSUL BUILD ENVELOPES AU - TenWolde, Anton AU - Rose, William B AD - U.S.D.A., Madison, WI, USA PY - 1996 SP - 206 EP - 214 PB - Sage Science Press, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA, [mailto:info@sagepub.com], [URL:http://www.sagepub.com] VL - 19 SN - 1065-2744, 1065-2744 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Water KW - Moisture control KW - Construction KW - Air quality KW - Exteriors KW - Optimization KW - Leakage KW - Humidity KW - Tolerances KW - Criteria KW - Walls KW - Exterior weather conditions KW - Article KW - EE 451.2:AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (EN) KW - EE 643.5:VENTILATION KW - EE 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 402:BUILDINGS AND TOWERS KW - EE 731.3:SPECIFIC VARIABLES CONTROL KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26202450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+THERM+INSUL+BUILD+ENVELOPES&rft.atitle=Moisture+control+strategies+for+the+building+envelope&rft.au=TenWolde%2C+Anton%3BRose%2C+William+B&rft.aulast=TenWolde&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J+THERM+INSUL+BUILD+ENVELOPES&rft.issn=10652744&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food Irradiation After 30 Years, Where Do We Stand: A Government Perpective AN - 20238964; 8763446 AB - The use of irradiation to improve the safety, protect the nutritional benefits, and preserve the quality of fresh and processed foods is a well established and proven technology. Over the past 30 years, the United States Government has invested in the science to confirm safety and in the technology to show application. The United States Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration have approved sources of ionizing radiation for the treatment of foods, and their application to most meats, fruits, vegetables, and spices. Despite the value of this technology to the food industry and to the health and welfare of the public, only minimal application of this technology occurs. This underscores the importance of increasing the public"s understanding of radiation risks relative to other hazards. Accordingly, the Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination of the Executive Office of the President has made recommendations for the creation of a centralized National Radiation Information Center that would work closely with Federal departments and agencies in responding to public queries about radiation issues and Federal programs. JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research International AU - Young, AL AD - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 2050-0904, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 88 EP - 90 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 0944-1344, 0944-1344 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - fruits KW - Federal programs KW - agriculture KW - committees KW - Nutrition KW - USA KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Irradiation KW - Drugs KW - Technology KW - Food irradiation KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20238964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.atitle=Food+Irradiation+After+30+Years%2C+Where+Do+We+Stand%3A+A+Government+Perpective&rft.au=Young%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.issn=09441344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irradiation; Ionizing radiation; Federal programs; fruits; agriculture; committees; Nutrition; Drugs; Food irradiation; Technology; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of water with clay minerals as studied by (super 2) H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy AN - 1812211478; 2016-071096 AB - (super 2) H high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is used to examine the interaction of D (sub 2) O in Ca/Na, Ca/NH (sub 4) and NH (sub 4) /Na-exchanged hectorite and saponite and to examine the factors that affect the (super 2) H chemical shift. These factors include the amount of adsorbed water, the type of adsorbed cation, the net negative layer charge and the location of the layer charge. The (super 2) H quadrupolar splitting and spin-lattice relaxation times are related to the ratio of clay to adsorbed water. In clay:water ratios up to 1, motional averaging between water hydrating the cations and the 'free' or bulk water occurs. The spin lattice relaxation is dominated by the relaxation of the 'free' water. In clay-dominated systems less motational averaging occurs, rotational correlation times are slower and greater residual quadrupolar splittings occur. Similar calculated energies for Na-exchanged hectorite, saponite and Na-vermiculite indicate that water is more influenced by the cation than by the particular clay mineral. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Weiss, Charles A, Jr AU - Gerasimowicz, Walter V Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 265 EP - 275 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - water KW - silicates KW - saponite KW - clay mineralogy KW - hectorite KW - clay minerals KW - chemical reactions KW - dynamics KW - hydrogen KW - cations KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - nuclear magnetic resonance KW - spectroscopy KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1812211478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+water+with+clay+minerals+as+studied+by+%28super+2%29+H+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Charles+A%2C+Jr%3BGerasimowicz%2C+Walter+V&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0016-7037%2895%2900396-7 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-18 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cations; chemical reactions; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; dynamics; geochemistry; hectorite; hydrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance; saponite; sheet silicates; silicates; spectroscopy; vermiculite; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00396-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FET-microbial sensor for xylose detection based on Gluconobacter oxydans cells AN - 17124418; 4425346 AB - A potentiometric biosensor for xylose was devised utilizing Gluconobacter oxydans whole cells. Immobilization methods based on physical adsorption were used for G. oxydans cells and extracellular pH changes resulting from xylose dehydrogenation were monitored by a field effect transistor (FET). The G. oxydans, FET-based sensor detected xylose at a lower limit of 0.5 mM. From 5.0 to 30 mM xylose, the response of the sensor was linear. Expectedly, output signals were significantly suppressed by buffer (Tris-HCl). Responses were essentially stable for at least four weeks of storage and showed only a slight loss of initial xylose sensitivity. Xylitol exerted an insignificant influence on the sensor's response to xylose. However, the response to glucose was 5 times higher in relation to that of xylose at the same concentration (1 mM). For xylose determinations in the presence of glucose, a two-step assay is discussed. JF - Biosensors & Bioelectronics AU - Reshetilov, AN AU - Donova, M V AU - Dovbnya, D V AU - Boronin, A M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 401 EP - 408 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - biosensors KW - dehydrogenation KW - electrodes KW - xylose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gluconobacter oxydans KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17124418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.atitle=FET-microbial+sensor+for+xylose+detection+based+on+Gluconobacter+oxydans+cells&rft.au=Reshetilov%2C+AN%3BDonova%2C+M+V%3BDovbnya%2C+D+V%3BBoronin%2C+A+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Reshetilov&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gluconobacter oxydans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using electroporation and a slot cuvette to deliver plasmid DNA to insect embryos AN - 17091475; 3902973 AB - Microinjection is the method used almost exclusively to deliver DNA constructs to insect embryos while electroporation is commonly used for DNA delivery to bacteria, cell cultures and certain plant tissues. This communication describes a method using an easily constructed slot cuvette and the electroporation technique for transfer of DNA to insect embryos for possible use in developing methods for germline transformation. This method eliminates time-consuming individual embryo manipulation and thus far has been found to be adaptable for use on several types of insect embryos. Using this method, we show successful transfer of plasmid DNA to embryos of the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, and the house fly, Musca domestica. JF - Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering AU - Leopold, R A AU - Hughes, K J AU - DeVault, J D AD - USDA/ARS Biosci. Res. Lab., Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 197 EP - 200 VL - 12 IS - 5-6 SN - 1050-3862, 1050-3862 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Musca domestica KW - gene transfer KW - DNA KW - plasmids KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - electroporation KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14679:Others KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17091475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Analysis%3A+Biomolecular+Engineering&rft.atitle=Using+electroporation+and+a+slot+cuvette+to+deliver+plasmid+DNA+to+insect+embryos&rft.au=Leopold%2C+R+A%3BHughes%2C+K+J%3BDeVault%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Analysis%3A+Biomolecular+Engineering&rft.issn=10503862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; DNA; plasmids; electroporation; Musca domestica; Helicoverpa zea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature, soil type, and matric potential on proliferation and survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli from Erythroxylum coca AN - 17088141; 3901293 AB - Natural epidemics of Fusarium wilt on coca have stimulated interest in the causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli. Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures, soil matric potential, and soil type on the proliferation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli isolate EN4-FT from an alginate prill formulation were studied. Three or four soils were used: a Galestown gravelly loamy (GGLS), Hatboro loamy sand (HLS), and red clay subsoil (RC) were collected in Beltsville, MD. A clay loam soil from a planting of cocoa in Hawaii (HCL) was substituted for RC soil in some experiments. Prill containing F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli were placed on the surface of GGLS, HLS, or HCL soils and maintained at -10, -100, or -500 kPa for 1 week. Matric potential and soil type significantly affected proliferation of the pathogen into the soils. Proliferation was greatest in HCL soil and least in HLS soil. The population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli at -10 and -100 kPa was approximately 10 super(4) to 10 super(5) CFU/g, whereas the population density at -500 kPa was approximately 10 super(3) CFU/g. During 17 weeks of sampling GGLS, HLS, and RC soils maintained at -50 kPa, F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli proliferated from prill into soil when constant temperatures ranged from 10 to 32 degree C, resulting in 10 super(3) to 10 super(5) CFU/g of soil after 1 wk of incubation. Optimum proliferation was at 25 degree C in all soils. Compared to other temperatures, lower numbers of propagules were recovered from soils stored at 40 degree C. Two regimes of fluctuating temperature (cycles of 12 h at 15 degree C followed by 12 h at 25 degree C or cycles of 12 h at 25 degree C followed by 12 h at 35 degree C) also were tested for their effect on proliferation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli from prill into three soils maintained at -50 kPa. Population densities were initially 10 super(3) to 10 super(6) CFU/g of soil and declined over the 17-week test period. After 17 weeks, population densities in GGLS soil were greater than in HLS or RC soils in both temperature regimes. In HLS and RC soils, the number of CFU of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli per g was significantly higher in autoclaved than in nonautoclaved soil, indicating that these two soils were fungistatic. No differences were observed between autoclaved and nonautoclaved soils for HCL and GGLS soils, and these two soils were considered conducive to proliferation of F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli. JF - Phytopathology AU - Fravel AU - Stosz, S K AU - Larkin, R P AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 236 EP - 240 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Fusarium oxysporum erythroxyli KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - mortality KW - soil KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17088141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature%2C+soil+type%2C+and+matric+potential+on+proliferation+and+survival+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+from+Erythroxylum+coca&rft.au=Fravel%3BStosz%2C+S+K%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chaetorellia australis (Diptera: Tephritidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Compositae), in the western USA: Establishment and seed destruction AN - 17087580; 3901060 AB - Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis Linnaeus) (Compositae), native to Eurasia and the Mediterranean Basin, is a spiny and poisonous, naturalized, invasive weed of grasslands and other environments in the western USA. Chaetorellia australis Hering is a trivoltine natural enemy of yellow starthistle whose larvae feed on developing seeds within capitula. Following host-specificity studies in Greece and the USA, C. australis was first introduced from Greece into the USA in 1988 for the biological control of yellow starthistle. Field samples of yellow starthistle capitula revealed that 10.3% (four years after initial release) and 18.0% (three years after initial release) of capitula at Colfax, Washington, and Merlin, Oregon, respectively, were infested by greater than or equal to 1 C. australis (mature larvae or empty puparia). Both sites also contained naturalised, weedy populations of Centaurea cyanus, a second host-plant of Chaetorellia australis. The fly was also recovered from Centaurea cyanus capitula two years after its release at Kendrick, Idaho. the potential importance of the presence of C. cyanus for Chaetorellia australis and biological control of yellow starthistle is discussed. At the Colfax site, all infested yellow starthistle capitula contained 1 C. australis, while at the Merlin site 28.8% of infested capitula contained >1 C. australis, with a mean of 1.36 C. australis per infested capitulum. A preliminary seed destruction impact study at the Merlin site showed that there was a 83.4% reduction in seeds per capitulum infested by greater than or equal to 1 C. australis, and the presence of >1 C. australis resulted in a 95.4% reduction in seeds per infested capitulum. JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research AU - Turner, CE AU - Piper, G L AU - Coombs, E M AD - USDA/ARS, Western Regional Res. Cent., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - Chaetorellia australis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - USA, West KW - Tephritidae KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17087580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.atitle=Chaetorellia+australis+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+for+biological+control+of+yellow+starthistle%2C+Centaurea+solstitialis+%28Compositae%29%2C+in+the+western+USA%3A+Establishment+and+seed+destruction&rft.au=Turner%2C+CE%3BPiper%2C+G+L%3BCoombs%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Centaurea solstitialis; Diptera; Tephritidae; USA, West; weed control; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of red-winged blackbirds, yellow-headed blackbirds and marsh wrens to glyphosate-induced alteration in cattail density AN - 17085406; 3901015 AB - The effects of herbicide-induced changes in wetland emergent vegetation on densities of territorial male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), and Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) were assessed in northeastern North Dakota. In 1990 and 1991, 23 cattail-dominated wetlands were randomly assigned to 0% (reference wetlands), 50%, 70%, or 90% areal spray coverages with glyphosate herbicide. Two years post-treatment densities of redwings were higher in the reference wetlands (x super(-) = 1.59 plus or minus 0.24 [SE]/ha) than in the 90% treated wetlands (x super(-) = 0.55 plus or minus 0.14/ha, P = 0.063). Yellowheads were more abundant in reference wetlands (x super(-) = 3.80 plus or minus 0.83/ha) than in treated wetlands (x super(-) = 2.05 plus or minus 0.40/ha, P = 0.061). Likewise, wrens were more abundant in reference wetlands (x super(-) = 2.21 plus or minus 0.27/ha) than in treated wetlands (x super(-) = 0.66 plus or minus 0.13/ha, P = 0.001). Percent coverage of live emergent vegetation (largely cattails, Typha spp.) was positively correlated with blackbird and wren numbers (P less than or equal to 0.1). Results of this study suggest that numbers of these three wetland-dwelling species were limited by altering cattail density. Staggering vegetation management treatments on large wetland complexes may help diversify the stages of cattail regeneration and provide heterogenous nesting and foraging habitat for these birds. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Linz, G M AU - Blixt, D C AU - Bergman, D L AU - Bleier, W J AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent. North Dakota Field Stn. North Dakota State Univ. Fargo, ND 58105-5517, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Xanthocephalus xanthocepalus KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental factors KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Cistothorus palustris KW - USA, North Dakota KW - herbicides KW - population status KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Responses+of+red-winged+blackbirds%2C+yellow-headed+blackbirds+and+marsh+wrens+to+glyphosate-induced+alteration+in+cattail+density&rft.au=Linz%2C+G+M%3BBlixt%2C+D+C%3BBergman%2C+D+L%3BBleier%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Linz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; Cistothorus palustris; USA, North Dakota; population status; environmental factors; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of month of inoculation on severity of disease caused by Phytophthora spp. in apple root crowns and excised shoots AN - 17085296; 3901287 AB - Effects of month of inoculation on severity of disease caused by Phytophthora spp. in apple roostock EMLA.106 were studied in excised shoots in vitro and in intact root crowns in an orchard. In both orchard and in vitro assays, 25 successive sets of host tissue were inoculated at monthly intervals with mycelial disks from V8 agar cultures of Phytophthora spp. Crown rot severity was measured in orchard trees as area of bark necrosis after 14 days of incubation, and canker severity was measured in excised shoots as length of bark necrosis after 5 days of incubation. In both assays, P. cactorum and P. cambivora caused very little necrosis in apple incubated during dormancy (December through February) and growth resumption (March). The amount of necrosis is root crowns and excised shoots was much greater following inoculations in late spring (May). Maximum necrosis and subsequent decline in disease development during incubation periods occurred 1 to 3 months later in orchard tree inoculations (August through October) than in excised shoot inoculations (May through August). Crown rot severity after 2 weeks of incubation was not a reliable predictor of disease severity after 13 months of incubation; relatively mild crown rot caused by P. cactorum during and immediately following tree dormancy occasionally continued to develop, resulting in relatively severe crown rot on trees 13 months after inoculation. Under orchard conditions in California, apple root-stock EMLA.106 is apparently susceptible to development of relatively severe crown rot for a longer period of the year than would be expected from short-term indications of susceptibility in excised shoots in vitro. JF - Phytopathology AU - Browne, G T AU - Mircetich, S M AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 290 EP - 294 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - models KW - collar rot KW - trees KW - Phytophthora KW - crown rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+month+of+inoculation+on+severity+of+disease+caused+by+Phytophthora+spp.+in+apple+root+crowns+and+excised+shoots&rft.au=Browne%2C+G+T%3BMircetich%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; trees; collar rot; models; crown rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxic effects of Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin B1 in rats and mice AN - 17085265; 3889139 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the fungi Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and other Fusarium species. Fumonisin B1, the most commonly found fumonisin, causes the fatal diseases equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fumonisins are suspected human carcinogens because of the extraordinarily high incidences of esophageal cancer coincidentally found in areas of southern Africa and China where F. moniliforme-contaminated corn is consumed as a dietary staple. The subchronic (up to 90 days) effects of F. moniliforme-contaminated corn, corn cultures of this fungus, and purified fumonisin B1 (FB1) in rats and mice were systematically studied to determine target organs, characterize organ-specified lesions, and obtain dose-response data. The liver is a target organ in both species. Serum chemical findings indicative of hepatocellular injury and morphological findings, including apoptosis, appeared qualitatively similar in both species. The kidney is also a target organ in rats, but not mice. Lesions which include apoptosis and cellular degeneration are predominately found in the outer medella. Results of several investigations showed that the kidney was consistently affected at lower doses than the liver. The "no-observed-effect" level for nephropathy in rats was also consistently lower in males than females, suggesting a sex-related difference in nephrotoxic response to fumonisins. Other findings suggest that toxigenesis may be mediated by disruption of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Hepatic and renal sphingolipid profiles, specifically sphinganine concentration and sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio, were altered in rats fed FB1 at levels that did not cause serum chemical, organ weight, or histopathological evidence of toxicity. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Voss, KA AU - Riley, R T AU - Bacon, C W AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 16 EP - 23 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - lesions KW - sphingolipids KW - liver KW - kidney KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxic+effects+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+and+fumonisin+B1+in+rats+and+mice&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Fusarium proliferatum; mycotoxins; kidney; liver; lesions; sphingolipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and purification of a phytotoxin produced by Fusarium solani, the causal agent of soybean sudden death syndrome AN - 17085185; 3901290 AB - A phytotoxic polypeptide identified in culture filtrates of Fusarium solani, the causal agent of soybean sudden death syndrome, was heat unstable, negatively charged, absorbed by 10% charcoal, and destroyed by proteinase K. The toxicity of the culture filtrates and fractions obtained during purification was bioassayed by measuring browning of soybean calli. Purification of the phytotoxin was achieved by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography on a DE-52 column. The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with an estimated molecular weight of 17,000. The sequence of the N-terminal 15 amino acids was determined and indicated that a peptide was present. Samples containing this single protein caused browning of soybean calli, necrosis on detached soybean cotyledons and leaves, and yellowing, curling, and drying of attached soybean cotyledons and leaves. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jin, H AU - Hartman, G L AU - Nickell, C D AU - Widholm, J M AD - USDA/ARS and Dep. Crop Sci., UIUC, Urbana 61801-4723, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 277 EP - 282 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - thermal stability KW - plant diseases KW - ion-exchange chromatography KW - phytotoxins KW - Fusarium solani KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+purification+of+a+phytotoxin+produced+by+Fusarium+solani%2C+the+causal+agent+of+soybean+sudden+death+syndrome&rft.au=Jin%2C+H%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BNickell%2C+C+D%3BWidholm%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; phytotoxins; thermal stability; ion-exchange chromatography; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for disruption of sphingolipid metabolism as a contributing factor in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of fumonisins AN - 17082663; 3889138 AB - Fumonisins are inhibitors of the biosynthesis of sphingosine and more complex sphingolipids. In eucaryotic cells, fumonisin inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis is a result of inhibition of the enzyme ceramide synthase. Large increases in free sphinganine concentration in plant and animal cells are observed within a few hours after exposure to fumonisins and/or Alternaria toxins (AAL-toxins). Some of the sphinganine is metabolized to other bioactive intermediates, and some is released from cells. In animals, free sphinganine accumulates in tissues and quickly appears in bid and urine. Free sphingoid bases are toxic to most cells, and complex sphingolipids are essential for normal cell growth. Fumonisin B sub(1) stimulates sphinganine-dependent DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells, but is mitoinhibitory in other cell types. In cultured cells the accumulation of bioactive long-chain sphingoid bases and depletion of complex sphingolipids are clearly contributing factors in growth inhibition, increased cell death, and (in Swiss 3T3 cells) mitogenicity of fumonisins. While disruption of sphingolipid metabolism directly affects cells, it may indirectly affect some tissues. For example, fumonisin B sub(1) impairs the barrier function of endothelial cells in vitro. Adverse effects on endothelial cells could indirectly contribute to the neurotoxicity and pulmonary edema caused by fumonisins. It is hypothesized that fumonisin-induced changes in the sphingolipid composition of target tissues could directly or indirectly contribute to all Fusarium moniliforme-associated diseases. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Riley, R T AU - Wang, E AU - Schroeder, J J AU - Smith, E R AU - Plattner, R D AU - Abbas, H K AU - Yoo, Hwan-Soo AU - Merrill, AH Jr AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxins Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisins KW - sphingosine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - carcinogenicity KW - Alternaria KW - sphingolipids KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17082663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+disruption+of+sphingolipid+metabolism+as+a+contributing+factor+in+the+toxicity+and+carcinogenicity+of+fumonisins&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BWang%2C+E%3BSchroeder%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+E+R%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BYoo%2C+Hwan-Soo%3BMerrill%2C+AH+Jr&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria; Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; carcinogenicity; sphingolipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the reproductive effects of Fusarium moniliforme culture material in rats and the biodistribution of [14C]fumonisin B1 in pregnant rats AN - 17082443; 3889140 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium species. They are commonly found in corn and corn-based foodstuffs. Fumonisins inhibit sphingolipid (SL) biosynthesis, alter cellular SL profiles, and thus may affect cell proliferation and differentiation, both of which are important processes for reproduction. However, there are few reports of the effects of F. moniliforme or fumonisins on mammalian reproduction or development. To study the reproductive effects of this fungus, diets formulated with culture material of toxic F. moniliforme strain MRC 826 (CM) to provide 0, 1, 10, or 55 ppm fumonisin B1 (FB1) were fed to male and female rats beginning 9 and 2 weeks before mating, respectively, and continuing throughout mating, gestational, and lactational phases of the study. CM caused nephropathy, typical of FB1, in males fed greater than or equal to 10 ppm and females fed 55 ppm FB1. No significant reproductive effects were found in males (n = 12/group), dams, and fetuses examined on gestation day 15 (G15) (n greater than or equal to 8/group), or dams and litters through day 21 postpartum (n greater than or equal to 9/group). Litter weight gain in the 10 or 55 ppm FB1 groups was slightly decreased; however, gross litter weight and physical development of offspring were not affected. Altered SL ratios indicative of fumonisin exposure, specifically increased sphinganine to sphingosine ratios, were found in the livers of dams from the 55-ppm FB1 group on G15. However, SL ratios of abdominal slices, containing liver and kidney, of fetuses from control and high-dose litters did not differ. In a second experiment, two dams were injected intravenously on G15 with 101 mu g [14C]FB1 (3.179 x 10 super(5) dpm). After 1 hr, which allowed for ca. 98% of the dose to be cleared from the maternal blood, negligible amounts of radioactivity were found in the fetuses. Together, these results indicate that the CM, and by inference FB1, did not have significant reproductive effects at doses which are minimally toxic, and further suggest that little in utero FB1 exposure occurred through G15. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Voss, KA AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AU - Chapin, R E AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Plattner, R D AU - Meredith, F I AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Richard B. Russel Agric. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 33 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - development KW - pregnancy KW - reproduction KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17082443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+reproductive+effects+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+in+rats+and+the+biodistribution+of+%5B14C%5Dfumonisin+B1+in+pregnant+rats&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BChapin%2C+R+E%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BMeredith%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; reproduction; development; pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of rabbiteye blueberry cultivars to postharvest diseases AN - 17081652; 3899597 AB - Thirteen rabbiteye cultivars were surveyed for postharvest berry rots during the 1992, 1993, and 1994 harvest seasons. Disease incidence and severity were low, with <30% of berries displaying decay symptoms after 5 days incubation at 25 degree C with 100% relative humidity (RH). Although Botrytis fruit rot and ripe rot were equally severe in 1992, ripe rot was the most common postharvest disease in 1993 and 1994. Menditoo, Homebell, Beckyblue, and Premier blueberries had more than 40% rotted fruit, while Briteblue, Southland, and Tifblue had less than 16%. The pathogen associated with ripe rot was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum rather than the more commonly reported pathogen, C. gloeosporioides. When ripe berries from all 13 cultivars were inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. acutatum and incubated for 5 days at 25 degree C and 100% RH, all were infected with ripe rot. Tifblue, Delite, Premier, and Menditoo scored the highest for ripe rot, while Southland, Centurion, Woodard, Bluebell, and Homebell scored the lowest. Generally, inoculated berries from late-season harvests scored higher for ripe rot than did berries from earlier harvests. Two of the cultivars most susceptible to ripe rot, Tifblue and Premier, account for most of the rabbiteye blueberry production in the southeastern United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, B J AU - Magee, J B AU - Gupton, CL AD - USDA-ARS Small Fruit Res. Stn., P.O. Box 287, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 215 EP - 218 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fruit rot KW - Vaccinium KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17081652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+rabbiteye+blueberry+cultivars+to+postharvest+diseases&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J%3BMagee%2C+J+B%3BGupton%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum acutatum; Vaccinium; fruit rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Staphylococcus warneri species that converts oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid AN - 17081558; 3899614 AB - 10-Ketostearic acid was unexpectedly observed during bioconversion of oleic acid to 15-16-, and 17-octadecenoic acids by Bacillus pumilus. The unexpected conversion was caused by contaminants which were isolated, characterized, and identified. The three isolates were Gram-positive cocci that grew anaerobically and were sensitive to furazolidone and lysostaphin. These characteristics suggested that the isolates belonged to the genus Staphylococcus. Physiological and biochemical characterization, fatty acid profiling, and DNA reassociation determinations indicated that the isolates were strains of the species Staphylococcus warneri. The organisms were deposited in ARS Culture Collection as NRRL B-14932, NRRL B-14933, and NRRL B-14934. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Lanser, A C AU - Nakamura, L K AD - Oil Chem. Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 260 EP - 263 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - oleic acid KW - 10-ketostearic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - acid production KW - Staphylococcus warneri KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17081558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Staphylococcus+warneri+species+that+converts+oleic+acid+to+10-ketostearic+acid&rft.au=Lanser%2C+A+C%3BNakamura%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus warneri; biodegradation; acid production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new convergence criterion for the modified Picard iteration method to solve the variably saturated flow equation AN - 17076628; 3896617 AB - Solutions of the Richards equation for water flow in variably saturated porous media are increasingly being used in water resources evaluation and environmental management. Besides the accuracy of solution, also of concern is the required computational effort, especially when highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and dry initial conditions are involved. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different convergence criteria when the modified Picard iteration method is used for solving the mixed-form Richards equation. Results are compared in terms of computer processing (CPU) time and number of iterations. A new nonlinear convergence criterion derived using a Taylor series expansion of the water content was implemented in the mixed-form numerical algorithm. The computational efficiency of the new criterion was evaluated against two widely used convergence criteria for different soil types, boundary conditions, initial conditions, and layered soils. Whereas all three criteria produced nearly identical results in terms of calculated water content, pressure head, and water flux distributions, all with negligible mass balance errors, the required CPU times were significantly different. In general, the new nonlinear convergence criterion was found to be computationally much more efficient than the other two criteria. The new criterion was also more robust (i.e. the solution remained convergent) for highly nonlinear flow problems for which the other two convergence criteria failed. Results of this study indicate that the new convergence criterion, when implemented in the modified Picard solution of the mixed-form Richards equation, produces a very efficient and accurate method for simulating variably saturated water flow in soils. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Huang, K AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - US Salinity Lab., USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 EP - 91 VL - 178 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - porous media KW - saturated flow KW - hydraulic properties KW - water resources KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17076628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+new+convergence+criterion+for+the+modified+Picard+iteration+method+to+solve+the+variably+saturated+flow+equation&rft.au=Huang%2C+K%3BMohanty%2C+B+P%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - saturated flow; porous media; water resources; hydraulic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: I. Precipitated snow AN - 17069463; 3891175 AB - Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe precipitated snow crystals. The newly-fallen snow crystals were obtained in storms at Beltsville, Maryland, and at Bearden Mountain near Davis, West Virginia, USA. The snow samples were mounted on modified SEM stubs, frozen in liquid nitrogen, sputter coated with platinum. and imaged with an electron beam. Many types of precipitated snow crystals were observed including hexagonal plates, columns, needles, stellar dendrites. bullets, graupel, and rimed crystals. The SEM techniques that were developed can be used for quantitative measurements of size, shape and structure of crystals. SEM of precipitated snow appears to have direct application for the inference of atmospheric and cloud conditions where the snow crystals formed and travelled to the ground and for the development of a relationship between snow crystal type and snowfall intensity and amount. The SEM technique provides a new procedure to record permanently snow crystal conditions during winter storms. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AU - Wergin, W P AU - Erbe, E F AD - USDA/ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 234 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - SEM KW - USA, Maryland, Beltsville KW - USA, West Virginia, Bearden Mt. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - clouds KW - crystals KW - sample preparation KW - physical properties KW - snow KW - atmosphere KW - correlation analysis KW - storms KW - electron microscopy KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17069463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Snow+crystal+imaging+using+scanning+electron+microscopy%3A+I.+Precipitated+snow&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BWergin%2C+W+P%3BErbe%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crystals; snow; physical properties; storms; correlation analysis; sample preparation; clouds; atmosphere; electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficient expression of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in Aspergillus oryzae AN - 17068336; 3893713 AB - A manganese peroxidase gene (mnp1) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was efficiently expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. Expression was achieved by fusing the mature cDNA of mnp1 with the A. oryzae Taka amylase promoter and secretion signal. The 3' untranslated region of the glucoamylase gene of Aspergillus awamori provided the terminator. The recombinant protein (rMnP) was secreted in an active form, permitting rapid detection and purification. Physical and kinetic properties of rMnP were similar to those of the native protein. The A. oryzae expression system is well suited for both mechanistic and site-directed mutagenesis studies. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stewart, P AU - Whitwam, R E AU - Kersten, P J AU - Cullen, D AU - Tien, Ming AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 860 EP - 864 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - manganese peroxidase KW - mnp1 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Aspergillus oryzae KW - cloning KW - gene expression KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - G 07331:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Efficient+expression+of+a+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+manganese+peroxidase+gene+in+Aspergillus+oryzae&rft.au=Stewart%2C+P%3BWhitwam%2C+R+E%3BKersten%2C+P+J%3BCullen%2C+D%3BTien%2C+Ming&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning; gene expression; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Aspergillus oryzae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Handling small arbovirus vectors safely during biosafety level 3 containment: Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and exotic bluetongue viruses AN - 17066133; 3891888 AB - Equipment and procedures are described for biosafety level 3 (BL-3) containment work with small, zoophilic arthropod. BL-3 classified pathogens always must be manipulated in biological safety cabinets. Procedures, including physical barriers and handling methods, that prevent the escape of potentially virus-infected insects are discussed, and the use of a monitoring system for insect security is explained. The inability to recover escaped minute, flying insects poses a major difference from similar work wigh larger insects, such as mosquitoes. Methods were developed for the safe and secure handling of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones infected with exotic bluetongue viruses during BL-3 containment. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Hunt, C J AU - Tabachnick, W J AD - Arthropod-Borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82071, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 271 EP - 277 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - bluetongue KW - vectors KW - occupational safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - arbovirus KW - bluetongue virus KW - Culicoides variipennis sonorensis KW - Ceratopogonidae KW - safety KW - Diptera KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - H SI0.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Handling+small+arbovirus+vectors+safely+during+biosafety+level+3+containment%3A+Culicoides+variipennis+sonorensis+%28Diptera%3A+Ceratopogonidae%29+and+exotic+bluetongue+viruses&rft.au=Hunt%2C+C+J%3BTabachnick%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culicoides variipennis sonorensis; Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; arbovirus; bluetongue virus; safety; occupational safety; bluetongue; vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survivorship of engorged female Ixodes scapularis and their eggs in a leaf litter microhabitat in Maryland AN - 17065335; 3892723 JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Carroll, J F AD - USDA, ARS, Livestock Insects Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 349 EP - 351 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - leaf litter KW - survival KW - Acari KW - USA, Maryland KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17065335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Survivorship+of+engorged+female+Ixodes+scapularis+and+their+eggs+in+a+leaf+litter+microhabitat+in+Maryland&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodes scapularis; Acari; Ixodidae; USA, Maryland; leaf litter; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microhabitats of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 17057604; 3882126 AB - Merriam's Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) are associated with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in the western United States, but are not native to the ponderosa pine forest of the Black Hills, South Dakota. The Black Hills population was established by transplanting birds from New Mexico and Colorado between 1948 and 1951. Despite being outside its original range, this population provides a unique opportunity to assess mechanisms of habitat selection because the age of the population is known and literature indicates that it is more productive than other populations. We studied microhabitats of Merriam's Turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota between 1986 and 1991. We found few differences in microhabitats among diurnal time periods or between sexes. Cluster analysis of variables at turkey microhabitats indicated two groups, broadly interpreted as summer and winter microhabitats. Winter microhabitats of turkeys had less understory vegetation and more overstory cover than random sites, which in turn had less understory and more overstory cover than summer microhabitats. Both random sites and winter microhabitats had higher basal area of ponderosa pine than summer microhabitats. Summer microhabitats had trees with the largest dbh. Random sites had more small and large woody debris than sites used by turkeys. Tree density at random sites was more than two times greater than at winter microhabitats and more than three times greater than at summer microhabitats. Turkeys preferred southern exposures during winter. Production of pine seed, a major food item of turkeys, differed among years. There was a strong relationship between abundance of pine seeds and microhabitats selected by turkeys. Basal area of microhabitats between October and March was positively correlated with annual ponderosa pine seed production. Abundance of ponderosa pine seeds at turkey microhabitats during this period was at least four times the estimated average annual production. Management prescriptions for ponderosa pine of basal area less than or equal to 18 m super(2)/ha will reduce winter habitat for turkeys. Summer habitats are more compatible with timber management goals for ponderosa pine in the Black Hills. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Rumble, MA AU - Anderson, SH AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 501 E. St. Joe, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 326 EP - 334 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - USA, South Dakota KW - forest management KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - habitat selection KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17057604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Microhabitats+of+Merriam%27s+turkeys+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BAnderson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; Pinus ponderosa; USA, South Dakota; forest management; habitat selection; food availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of remote sensing and spatial information technologies for mapping black mangrove on the Texas Gulf Coast AN - 17057113; 3888637 AB - Black mangrove Avicennia germinans (L.) occurs at several locations along the Texas Gulf Coast. A hard freeze in December 1989 severely damaged this species, but the extent of damage has not been determined. Airborne color-infrared (CIR) video imagery was used with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for distinguishing and mapping the current distribution of black mangrove. Black mangrove populations could be easily distinguished on CIR video imagery. The integration of a GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude/longitude coordinates of black mangrove populations to be recorded on each image. The GPS coordinates were entered into a GIS to map black mangrove populations along the Texas coast. Major black mangrove concentrations near Port Isabel-South Bay and Port Aransas on the lower and lower-mid Texas coast, respectively, had fully recovered from the freeze. A remnant population of an historical black mangrove concentration on the upper-mid Texas coast near Port O'Connor, that was devastated by a 1983 freeze, was severely damaged and reduced in number by the 1989 freeze. The integration of videography, GPS, and GIS are valuable tools that can enable coastal resource managers to develop regional maps showing the distribution of black mangrove over large areas. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Everitt, J H AU - Judd, F W AU - Escobar, DE AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Remote Sensing Res. Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 64 EP - 69 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Avicennia germinans KW - GIS KW - coastal zone management KW - geographical reference systems KW - plant populations KW - position fixing KW - vegetation cover KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - mapping KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - USA, Texas KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17057113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Integration+of+remote+sensing+and+spatial+information+technologies+for+mapping+black+mangrove+on+the+Texas+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BJudd%2C+F+W%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant populations; position fixing; mangrove swamps; coastal zone management; vegetation cover; mapping; geographical reference systems; remote sensing; Avicennia germinans; ASW, USA, Texas; USA, Texas; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entomopathogenic activity of a whitefly-derived isolate of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) with the description of an effective bioassay method AN - 17050190; 3874870 AB - This is the first report of the potential of the hyphomycete fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith, for the microbial control of aphids. The LD sub(50) and LD sub(90) of a strain of P. fumosoroseus isolated from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) from Multan, Pakistan and bioassayed against third instar Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) were 1.78 x 10 super(3) conidia/cm super(2) and 1.43 x 10 super(4) conidia/cm super(2), respectively. Strong dosage-mortality and dosage-mycosis responses were evident with larger proportions of individuals dying within the first three days post-treatment at the higher conidial dosages (1.25-3.75 x 10 super(4) conidia/cm super(2)) than was observed for dosages equal to or lower than 3.75 x 10 super(3) conidia/cm super(2). The LT sub(50)s for D. noxia treated with 3.75 x 10 super(4) conidia/cm super(2) and 3.75 x 10 super(3) conidia/cm super(2) were 2.06 and 7.50 days, respectively. The entomopathogenic activity of P. fumosoroseus against D. noxia compares favorably with other Hyphomycetes reported in the literature. Based on the results reported here, further investigation of the potential of P. fumosoroseus for the microbial control of D. noxia and other aphids is warranted. In addition to data on the efficacy of P. fumosoroseus as a microbial control agent of D. noxia, a simple, but effective bioassay method for the evaluation of fungi against cereal aphids is described. JF - European Journal of Entomology AU - Mesquita, ALM AU - Lacey, LA AU - Mercadier, G AU - Leclant, F AD - European Biol. Control Lab., B. P. 4168, Agropolis II, USDA, ARS, 34092 Montpellier, France Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 1210-5759, 1210-5759 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Aphididae KW - bioassays KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Hemiptera KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17050190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Entomopathogenic+activity+of+a+whitefly-derived+isolate+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+against+the+Russian+wheat+aphid%2C+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Hemiptera%3A+Sternorrhyncha%3A+Aphididae%29+with+the+description+of+an+effective+bioassay+method&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+ALM%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BMercadier%2C+G%3BLeclant%2C+F&rft.aulast=Mesquita&rft.aufirst=ALM&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Entomology&rft.issn=12105759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Diuraphis noxia; Hemiptera; Aphididae; entomopathogenic fungi; bioassays; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multivariate geomorphic analysis of forest streams: Implications for assessment of land use impacts on channel condition AN - 17049511; 3883627 AB - Multivariate statistical analyses of geomorphic variables from 23 forest stream reaches in southeast Alaska result in successful discrimination between pristine streams and those disturbed by land management, specifically timber harvesting and associated road building. Results of discriminant function analysis indicate that a three-variable model discriminates 10 disturbed from 13 undisturbed reaches with 90 per cent and 92 per cent correct classification respectively. These variables are the total number of pools per reach, the ratio of mean residual pool depth to mean bankfull depth, and the ratio of critical shear stress of the median surface grain size to bankfull shear stress. The last variable can be dropped without a decrease in rate of correct classification; however, the resulting two-variable model may be less robust. Analysis of the distribution of channel units, including pool types, can also be used to discriminate disturbed from undisturbed reaches and is particularly useful for assessment of aquatic habitat condition. However, channel unit classification and inventory can be subject to considerable error and observer bias. Abundance of pool-related large woody debris is highly correlated with pool frequency and is an important factor determining channel morphology. Results of this study yield a much needed, objective, geomorphic discrimination of pristine and disturbed channel conditions, providing a reference standard for channel assessment and restoration efforts. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Wood-Smith, R D AU - Buffington, J M AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 377 EP - 393 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - forest hydrology KW - channels KW - streams KW - geomorphology KW - land use KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17049511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Multivariate+geomorphic+analysis+of+forest+streams%3A+Implications+for+assessment+of+land+use+impacts+on+channel+condition&rft.au=Wood-Smith%2C+R+D%3BBuffington%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wood-Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geomorphology; streams; forest hydrology; land use; channels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating hydrologic budgets for three Illinois watersheds AN - 17049007; 3881217 AB - It is important to simulate the major components of the hydrologic budget to determine the impacts of proposed land management, vegetative changes, groundwater withdrawals, and reservoir management on water supply and water quality. As acquisition of field data is costly and time consuming, models have been created to test various land use practices and their concomitant effects on the hydrologic budget of watersheds. To simulate such management scenarios realistically, a model should be able to simulate the individual components of the hydrologic budget. However, most field studies at the watershed scale attempt to measure only one component (e.g. total streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), etc.) and are not suitable for validating individual components of a comprehensive model. A field study was completed in the 1950s to estimate several major hydrologic components including surface runoff, groundwater flow, groundwater ET, ET in the soil Profile, groundwater recharge, and groundwater heights from measured data from three watersheds in Illinois. These data were used to validate a multicomponent water budget model called SWAT. Comparison of measured and predicted values demonstrated that each component of the model gave reasonable output and that the interaction among components was realistic. This fact should allow more realistic appraisal of various land use management practices on a basin-wide scale. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Arnold, J G AU - Allen, P M AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 77 VL - 176 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - estimating KW - hydrologic budget KW - land management KW - reservoir operation KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - USA, Illinois KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - land use KW - Q2 09144:Regional studies, expeditions and data reports KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17049007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Estimating+hydrologic+budgets+for+three+Illinois+watersheds&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BAllen%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water quality; water supply; watersheds; land use; hydrologic budget; land management; estimating; reservoir operation; USA, Illinois; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of rhodococcal indigo gene in Streptococcus thermophilus AN - 17043647; 3876807 AB - A rhodococcal indole oxygenase gene (ido) catalyzing the biosynthesis of indigo pigment was cloned into S. thermophilus ST128. Expression vectors containing an S. thermophilus plasmid replicon (pER8) and promoters (sP1 and ST sub(P2201)) were used as the cloning vehicles. Northern blot analysis confirmed the transcriptional expression of the ido gene into its mRNA in the ST transformants. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 24 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - ido gene KW - indole oxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cloning vectors KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17043647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Expression+of+rhodococcal+indigo+gene+in+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning vectors; Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining environmentally sound soil phosphorus levels AN - 17036950; 3873321 AB - Increased inputs of phosphorus (P) in agricultural runoff can accelerate freshwater eutrophication. This is of particular concern in areas of intensive crop and livestock farming, where soil P has increased to levels that are of environmental rather than agronomic concern. Thus, many states have been forced to consider the development of recommendations for manure applications based on the potential for P loss in runoff, thereby creating an urgent need to assess the validity of the use of soil test P as an indicator of P loss in runoff. Several field studies have shown the dissolved P (DP) concentration of runoff is related to soil test P (r super(2) of 0.58-0.98) of surface soil (0 to 5 cm). These relationships can identify critical levels which can support a DP concentration of runoff. In this regard, critical soil test P levels established by several states, ranging from 75 to 200 mg kg super(-1), appear to be realistic. However, amounts of P lost in runoff are not related solely to soil test P, due to variable site runoff and erosion potentials. Thus, an approach which integrates soil test P with estimates of potential runoff and erosion losses and local climatic, topographic, and agronomic factors is being developed for reliable, yet flexible recommendations of fertilizer and manure P management in environmentally sound production agriculture. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sharpley, A AU - Daniel, T C AU - Sims, J T AU - Pote, D H AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Res. Lab., Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 160 EP - 166 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - fertilization KW - soil tests KW - agricultural runoff KW - eutrophication KW - phosphorus KW - water quality control KW - soil erosion KW - environmental protection KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Determining+environmentally+sound+soil+phosphorus+levels&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BPote%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - eutrophication; phosphorus; agricultural runoff; environmental protection; soil tests; soil erosion; fertilization; agricultural practices; water quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economics of tillage practices and spring wheat and barley crop sequence in the Northern Great Plains AN - 17036376; 3873322 AB - Our objective was to analyze economics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cropping and tillage practices after 10 years of evaluation. We initiated the study in 1983 on a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) 11 km (7 mi) north of Culbertson, Montana. Annually cropped tillage treatments included sweep tillage in fall with spring disking, sweep tillage in spring, and no-till. A conventional fallow-crop rotation was included. Spring wheat yields ranged from 74 kg/ha (1.1 bulacre) to 3,465 kg/ha (51.5 bulacre). Net return was highest for no-till annually cropped wheat at $19.04/ha ($7.71/acre) and lowest for barley-spring wheat rotation at -$23.74/ha (-$9.61/acre). Under conditions of this 10-year study, in a 356 mm (14 in.) precipitation zone, we conclude that annually cropped no-till wheat production was the most profitable cropping practice. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Aase, J K AU - Schaefer, G M AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Res. Lab., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 167 EP - 170 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Northern Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - wheat KW - barley KW - agricultural practices KW - crop production KW - economic aspects KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Economics+of+tillage+practices+and+spring+wheat+and+barley+crop+sequence+in+the+Northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Aase%2C+J+K%3BSchaefer%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - economic aspects; agricultural practices; barley; wheat; soil water; crop production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic relationships among Rhizobium species nodulating the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) AN - 17035046; 3868566 AB - The phylogenetic relationships among Rhizobium species that nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) were determined by directly sequencing the amplified 16S ribosomal DNA genes of these organisms. The bean strains formed four separate clusters. One cluster was composed of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, and R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. Two other clusters comprised Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium tropici, and the fourth cluster contained a single bean-nodulating strain. Data for species identification were obtained from DNA-DNA reassociation experiments. The levels of DNA relatedness among strains belonging to the three biovars of R. leguminosarum ranged from 58 to 67%. The levels of DNA relatedness between R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and R. etli and R. tropici ranged from 43 to 45% and 13 to 16%, respectively. The levels of DNA relatedness between the strain belonging to the fourth cluster and strains of the other three Rhizobium species that nodulate beans were less than 10%. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Beyene, D AU - Eardly, B D AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, HH-19, Bldg. 011, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 240 EP - 244 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phylogeny KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodulation KW - Rhizobium KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - taxonomy KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17035046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+among+Rhizobium+species+nodulating+the+common+bean+%28Phaseolus+vulgaris+L.%29&rft.au=Van+Berkum%2C+P%3BBeyene%2C+D%3BEardly%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium; Phaseolus vulgaris; phylogeny; nitrogen fixation; taxonomy; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferation in response to Brucella abortus RB51 and 2308 proteins in RB51-vaccinated or 2308-infected cattle AN - 17033896; 3868163 AB - Cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) or infected with strain 2308 (S2308) had lymph node lymphocytes which proliferated most when incubated with 32-, 27-, 18-, or <18-kDa proteins of either SRB51 or S2308. Some S2308-infected cattle but no SRB51-vaccinated cattle had lymphocytes which proliferated in response to 80- and 49-kDa proteins of SRB51 and S2308. These results suggest that cattle vaccinated with SRB51 or infected with S2308 have lymphocytes which proliferate in response to most of the same S2308 proteins and that the immunodominant protein antigens of SRB51 and S2308 have similar molecular masses of 32, 27, 18, and <18 kDa. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1007 EP - 1010 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes KW - lymph nodes KW - Brucella abortus KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17033896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferation+in+response+to+Brucella+abortus+RB51+and+2308+proteins+in+RB51-vaccinated+or+2308-infected+cattle&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; lymphocytes; vaccination; lymph nodes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to Euphorbia pulcherrima on the parasitization of Bemisia argentifolii by the parasitoid Encarsia formosa AN - 17031606; 3867608 AB - More wasps of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were found on fertilized poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima (Willd.) (Euphorbiaceae), than on non-fertilized plants. Parasitization of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) by E. formosa was higher on plants treated with calcium nitrate than with ammonium nitrate or on control plants. In a no-choice test, host feeding by E. formosa was higher when hosts were on fertilized plants than when hosts were on control plants. The nitrogen content of whitefly pupae reared on plants treated with ammonium nitrate was higher than those on calcium nitrate-treated plants. Variability in the parasitization of B. argentifolii by E. formosa appears to be due to host plant-mediated differences the whiteflies. E. formosa may be influence by the nutritional suitability of the host, which influences whether wasps continue to oviposit, feed, or disperse. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Bentz, J-A AU - Reeves, J III AU - Barbosa, P AU - Francis, B AD - USDA-ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res. Unit, BARC-East, Bldg. 470, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Encarsia formosa KW - parasitism KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Aphelinidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17031606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+nitrogen+fertilizer+applied+to+Euphorbia+pulcherrima+on+the+parasitization+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+by+the+parasitoid+Encarsia+formosa&rft.au=Bentz%2C+J-A%3BReeves%2C+J+III%3BBarbosa%2C+P%3BFrancis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=J-A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia pulcherrima; Bemisia argentifolii; Encarsia formosa; Hymenoptera; Aphelinidae; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; fertilizers; parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the probability of patch colonization AN - 17030981; 3872043 AB - The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the dispersal of organisms between habitat islands is poorly understood. Preferred pathways for dispersal (i.e., corridors), as well as dispersal barriers, are difficult to identify when the landscape matrix is composed of a complex mixture of land cover types. We developed an individual-based dispersal model to measure immigration and emigration rates between habitat islands within heterogeneous landscapes. Dispersing individuals of a model organism were simulated as self-avoiding random walkers (SAW) traversing a digital land cover map, with each habitat type assigned a priori a probability that the SAW would enter that habitat type. Each individual began the dispersal process on a random site at the edge of a deciduous forest patch and was allowed to move until it reached a different deciduous forest patch. Visualization of the movement patterns across the landscape was achieved by tabulating the frequency of visitation of successful dispersers to each grid cell on the map. The model was used to estimate the probabilities of disperser transfer between patches by varying the a priori probabilities of movement into each habitat type in order to: (1) estimate the effect of changing landscape heterogeneity on the transfer probabilities, and (2) visualize dispersal corridors and barriers as perceived by model organisms operating by specific movement rules and at specific scales. The results show that 89% of the variability in dispersal success can be accounted for by differences in the size and isolation of forest patches, with closer and larger patches having significantly greater exchange of dispersing organisms. However, changes in the heterogeneity of the landscape matrix could significantly enhance or decrease emigration success from an individual patch, depending on the landscape. Changes in emigration success from an individual patch resulting from changes in matrix heterogeneity were not predictable, and transfer rates between patches were not symmetrical due to differences in the proximity of neighboring patches, and differences in the funneling attributes of certain landscape patterns. Visualizations showed that corridors are often diffuse and difficult to identify from structural features of the landscape. A wide range of organisms with differing movement capabilities can be simulated using the approach presented to increase our understanding of how landscape structure affects organism dispersal. JF - Ecology AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Gardner, R H AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Stn., Forestry Sci. Lab., Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 94 EP - 107 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - patches KW - population establishment KW - landscape KW - colonization KW - dispersal KW - habitat fragmentation KW - Y 25841:General KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+landscape+heterogeneity+on+the+probability+of+patch+colonization&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BGardner%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; patches; population establishment; landscape; dispersal; colonization; habitat fragmentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody responses to Brucella abortus 2308 in cattle vaccinated with B. abortus RB51 AN - 17030433; 3868164 AB - Cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus rough strain RB51 (SRB51) produced small amounts of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) but no IgM antibody to smooth strain 2308 (S2308) bacteria and produced no IgG or IgM antibody to S2308 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western immunoblot analysis revealed that antiserum from SRB51-vaccinated cattle contained IgG antibody that reacted with S2308 proteins of 84 to <20 kDa. However, antiserum from the vaccinated cattle did not contain agglutinating B. abortus antibody in the tube agglutination test for brucellosis. These results suggest that SRB51-vaccinated cattle produced no antibody to S2308 LPS, although they did produce nonagglutinating IgG antibody that reacted with S2308 bacteria and bacterial proteins of 84 to <20 kDa. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1030 EP - 1034 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brucella abortus KW - antibody response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Antibody+responses+to+Brucella+abortus+2308+in+cattle+vaccinated+with+B.+abortus+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; antibody response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani using Trichoderma spp. applied as industrial film coatings on seeds AN - 17028281; 3900258 AB - Conidia of seven Trichoderma strains were applied on cucumber or radish seeds as a simple methyl cellulose coating or through an industrial film coating process. The seeds were sown in a peat-based soil artificially infested by R. solani or P. ultimum. Four strains controlled damping-off caused by R. solani when applied as a simple coating or as an industrial film-coating. Also, four strains significantly reduced damping-off caused by P. ultimum in cucumber. A correlation was found between production of volatile antibiotics in vitro and control of P. ultimum. Survival during storage varied according to the strain. Better survival was observed for two strains, with a decrease in conidial viability of one order of magnitude after storage for three and five months at 15 degree C and 4 degree C, respectively. The results show the feasibility of biocontrol of seedling diseases by some antagonists applied onto seeds through an industrial film-coating process. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Cliquet, S AU - Scheffer, R J AD - Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 North Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 247 EP - 255 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - damping-off KW - Trichoderma KW - seed treatments KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+damping-off+caused+by+Pythium+ultimum+and+Rhizoctonia+solani+using+Trichoderma+spp.+applied+as+industrial+film+coatings+on+seeds&rft.au=Cliquet%2C+S%3BScheffer%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cliquet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia solani; Trichoderma; biological control; plant protection; damping-off; seed treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Positioning soil survey for the 21st century AN - 17028060; 3864090 AB - We have proposed a new framework for acquiring and disseminating soils information. Soil survey users are demanding an increasingly wider array of information with precision and accuracy not possible in the traditional soil survey. The new concept is based upon a permanently located regional soil survey update office with a highly professional staff representing diverse technical expertise. A GIS system containing the digitized soil survey, terrain attributes, climatic data, remotely-sensed imagery, natural resource information, and the constantly-growing and evolving soil data base, would be electronically networked to users and updated as needed. Site-specific maps and interpretative summaries, based upon all the information gathered in the system, would be created for user needs on a site-specific basis. The three-dimensional attributes of the GIS software would help to educate users about the spatial and temporal properties of the dynamic soil-landscape. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Indorante, S J AU - McLeese, R L AU - Hammer, R D AU - Thompson, B W AU - Alexander, D L AD - USDA Nat. Resour. Conservation Serv. (NRCS), MLRA 114/115 Update Office, Belleville, IL 62220, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 21 EP - 27 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - GIS KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climatic data KW - natural resources KW - maps KW - data acquisition KW - soil surveys KW - data storage and retrieval KW - information systems KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Positioning+soil+survey+for+the+21st+century&rft.au=Indorante%2C+S+J%3BMcLeese%2C+R+L%3BHammer%2C+R+D%3BThompson%2C+B+W%3BAlexander%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Indorante&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil surveys; information systems; maps; remote sensing; data storage and retrieval; data acquisition; natural resources; climatic data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in carbon content of a Norfolk loamy sand after 14 years of conservation or conventional tillage AN - 17026155; 3904869 AB - Soil carbon (C) management is vital for sandy southeastern Coastal Plain (SCP) soils that are naturally low in C. A long-term investigation began in 1979 to determine if conservation tillage would increase the C content of a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Kandiudult) with a cropping system that included corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plots were 60 m (196.8ft) long and 23 m (75.5 ft) wide with five replications. Before modern conservation tillage technology was available, increasing soil C was believed to be nearly impossible under row crop production, particularly if cotton and soybean were part of the rotation. Tillage (conventional vs. conservation) was the main plot treatment. At the beginning of the experiment, C contents were not significantly different. In years 9 to 14, the mean C content of the 0- to 5-cm (0- to 2-in) depth for conservation tillage was nearly double that for conventional tillage: 12.0 vs 7.2 g kg super(-1) (1.2 and 0.72%) (P less than or equal to 0.05). The r super(2) of C content vs time over the 14 years was 0.44 for the 0- to 5-cm layer of the conservation tillage plots. The slope was 0.61 g kg super(-1) y super(-1) (0.06%), and the probability that the slope was zero was < 0.001. A smaller slope increase of 0.17 g kg super(-1) y super(-1) (0.017%) also existed for conservation tillage at the 5- to 10-cm (2.0- to 3.9-in) depth. The C content was not consistently different between tillage treatments below the 15-cm (5.9-in) depth. Improved equipment, management, and soil quality allowed conservation tillage plots to produce greater yields during years 9 to 14. Long-term conservation tillage of row crops appears to be a viable method of increasing the C content of sandy SCP soils even when soybean and cotton are part of the rotation. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hunt, P G AU - Karlen, D L AU - Matheny, T A AU - Quisenberry, V L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 255 EP - 258 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - conservation tillage KW - USA, Southeast Coastal Plain KW - coastal plains KW - carbon KW - experimental data KW - crop yield KW - soil organic matter KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - sand KW - soil chemistry KW - agricultural practices KW - organic matter KW - USA, South Carolina KW - soil conservation KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17026155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Changes+in+carbon+content+of+a+Norfolk+loamy+sand+after+14+years+of+conservation+or+conventional+tillage&rft.au=Hunt%2C+P+G%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BQuisenberry%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coastal plains; agricultural practices; carbon; sand; experimental data; crop yield; soil chemistry; soil organic matter; organic matter; soil conservation; USA, South Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine AN - 17023979; 3858207 AB - This experiment was designed to study the natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. Forty pigs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 12) was challenged with 10 super(8) CFU of S. choleraesuis per ml by intranasal inoculation. One day postinoculation (p.i.), group 2 (n = 24) was commingled with group 1. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls. Serum samples were collected weekly. Blastogenesis assays and necropsies were performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks p.i., and 16 tissue samples per pig were collected and cultured. Environmental (pooled feces from the pen floor) levels of S. choleraesuis were 2.61 log sub(10) CFU/g of feces at 24 h p.i. (immediately prior to commingling). Severe clinical signs were observed in groups I and 2. The results indicated that at least 16% of group 2 pigs were shedding S. choleraesuis within 24 h of commingling. At 1 week p.i., 32 of 32 group 1 and 39 of 62 group 2 tissue samples were positive for S. choleraesuis. Only 3 of 12 group 2 pigs were positive at 6, 9, and 12 weeks (1 pig for each week), indicating that only a small proportion of infected swine become long-term carriers. At 12 weeks p.i., only the colon and colonic lymph node samples of one pig from group 2 were positive. Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were similar between groups 1 and 2. These data demonstrate that a few pigs shedding low levels of Salmonella organisms before slaughter can result in rapid transmission and subsequent shedding by many swine. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gray, J T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Stabel, T J AU - Kramer, T T AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv.-Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 141 EP - 146 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Salmonella choleraeusis KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease transmission KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Natural+transmission+of+Salmonella+choleraesuis+in+swine&rft.au=Gray%2C+J+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BKramer%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic characterization of a tungsten-tolerant mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii AN - 17022500; 3854046 AB - A tungsten-tolerant mutant strain (CA6) of Azotobacter vinelandii first described in 1980 (P. E. Bishop, D. M. L. Jarlenski, and D. R. Hetherington, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:7342-7346, 1980) has been further characterized. Results from growth experiments suggest that both nitrogenases 1 and 3 are utilized when CA6 grows in N-free medium containing Na sub(2)MoO sub(4). Strain CA6.1.71, which lacks both nitrogenases 2 and 3, grew as well as strain CA in N-free medium containing Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) after an initial lag. This indicates that nitrogenase 1 is fully functional in strain CA6. nifH-lacZ and anfH-lacZ transcriptional fusions were expressed in CA6 in the presence of Na sub(2)MoO sub(4). Thus, in contrast to wild-type strain CA, transcription of the anfHDGK gene cluster in strain CA6 is not repressed by Mo. Expression of the vnfD-lacZ fusion was the same in both strains CA and CA6. In agreement with the results obtained with lac fusions, subunits of both nitrogenases 1 and 3 were found in protein extracts of CA6 cells grown in N-free medium containing Na sub(2)Mo sub(O). However, CA6 cells, cultured in the presence of Na sub(2)WO sub(4), accumulated nitrogenase 3 proteins without detectable amounts of nitrogenase 1 proteins. This indicates that expression of Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 is the basis for the tungsten tolerance phenotype of strain CA6. A measure of Mo accumulation as a function of time showed that accumulation by strain CA6 was slower than that for strain CA. When Mo accumulation was studied as a function of Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) concentration, the two strains accumulated similar amounts of Mo in the concentration range of 0 to 1 mu M Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) during a 2-h period. Within the range of 1 to 5 mu M Na sub(2)MoO sub(4), Mo accumulation by strain CA increased linearly with increasing concentration whereas no further increases were observed for strain CA6. These results are consistent with the possibility that the tungsten tolerance mutation carried by CA6 is in a Mo transport system. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Premakumar, R AU - Jacobitz, S AU - Ricke, S C AU - Bishop, P E AD - USDA-ARS, and Dep. Microbiol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7631, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 691 EP - 696 VL - 178 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - nitrogenase 1 KW - molybdenum KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phenotypes KW - gene fusion KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - culture KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17022500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+characterization+of+a+tungsten-tolerant+mutant+of+Azotobacter+vinelandii&rft.au=Premakumar%2C+R%3BJacobitz%2C+S%3BRicke%2C+S+C%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Premakumar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; gene fusion; phenotypes; culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes in defined glucose medium AN - 17021624; 3858216 AB - A defined medium with glucose as the carbon source was used to quantitatively determine the metabolic end products produced by Listeria monocytogenes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Of 10 strains tested, all produced acetoin under aerobic conditions but not anaerobic conditions. Percent carbon recoveries of end products, typified by strain F5069, were as follows: lactate, 28%; acetate, 23%; and acetoin, 26% for aerobic growth and lactate, 79%; acetate, 2%; formate, 5.4%; ethanol, 7.8%; and carbon dioxide, 2.3% for anaerobic growth. No attempt to determine carbon dioxide under aerobic growth conditions was made. The possibility of using acetoin production to assay for growth of L. monocytogenes under defined conditions should be considered. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Romick, T L AU - Fleming, H P AU - McFeeters, R F AD - Food Ferm. Lab., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 304 EP - 307 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - glucose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - aerobic conditions KW - metabolism KW - anaerobic conditions KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17021624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Aerobic+and+anaerobic+metabolism+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+defined+glucose+medium&rft.au=Romick%2C+T+L%3BFleming%2C+H+P%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Romick&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic conditions; anaerobic conditions; metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sixty years of management and natural disturbance in a New England forested landscape AN - 17018159; 3859334 AB - Changes in species composition of overstory trees (percent of basal area) and size class were monitored over 60 years on 441 cruise plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, a 1052 ha experimental forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The plots were analyzed by elevation class, landtype (deciduous and coniferous), and year (1931-32, 1939-40, and 1991-92) within managed and unmanaged stands. The primary changes in species composition over the 60-year period were due to natural succession, which resulted in marked increases (doubling) of the eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) component, and consistent decreases in paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis Britton) (at medium or low elevations), and aspen (Populus spp.). Timber management resulted in small decreases in the beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) component and slight increases in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Natural disturbances (beech-bark disease and hurricane damage) had only minor effects on species occurrence. No consistent evidence of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) decline was detected. Eastern hemlock, a climatically sensitive species in northern New England with a limited elevational range, increased dramatically at moderate to low elevations, but showed little tendency to invade the highest elevation class; apparently, the warming trend reported elsewhere in New Hampshire is not occurring, or the species are not responding in terms of changes in elevational distribution. The results emphasize the resilience of New England forests and their resistance to exogenous disturbance. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Leak, W B AU - Smith, M-L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 63 EP - 73 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 81 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - migration KW - succession KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - climatic changes KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17018159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Sixty+years+of+management+and+natural+disturbance+in+a+New+England+forested+landscape&rft.au=Leak%2C+W+B%3BSmith%2C+M-L&rft.aulast=Leak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; forests; succession; migration; climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki and host animal source AN - 17015630; 3854195 AB - Isolates (n = 147) of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki from cattle, swine, horses, and wildlife were analyzed by DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified in DNA digested with HpaII, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms were correlated with the host animal source of the isolates. These results will be useful in understanding the epidemiology of serovar pomona infections in livestock. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bolin, CA AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS/USDA, 2300 N. Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 424 EP - 425 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - hosts KW - DNA KW - epidemiology KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17015630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+DNA+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphisms+in+Leptospira+interrogans+serovar+pomona+type+kennewicki+and+host+animal+source&rft.au=Bolin%2C+CA%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira interrogans; DNA; restriction fragment length polymorphism; epidemiology; hosts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth expectations from alternative thinning regimes and prescribed burning in naturally regenerated loblolly-shortleaf pine stands through age 20 AN - 17015353; 3859348 AB - Pine growth was monitored for 14 years after mechanically strip-thinning a dense, naturally regenerated, even-aged stand of 6-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata Mill.) that averaged 41 000 trees per hectare in southeastern Arkansas, USA. Prescribed winter burns were conducted biennially between ages 9 and 20 years. A commercial thinning during the 17th growing season left a residual stocking of either 19.5 m2 ha-1 or 494 crop trees ha-1 in merchantable-sized (>9.0 cm dbh) pines on plots that were precommercially thinned and on plots that were not. Precommercial thinning enhanced pine growth in total height and in diameter at breast height (dbh, taken at 1.37 m) through stand age 20 years. At age 20, present net value (PNV) averaged highest on plots that were precommercially thinned at age 6 then commercially thinned to 494 crop trees per hectare after 16 years because of increased production in sawtimber (trees over 24 cm dbh). The second highest PNV at age 20 was on unmanaged control plots because no costs were incurred for precommercial thinning, hardwood injection, prescribed burning, or timber sale administration. Within each thinning treatment, pine dbh growth decreased in the 18th and 20th year relative to an increase in the degree of crown scorch from prescribed winter burns that were conducted after 17 and 19 years, respectively. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cain, MD AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Monticello, AR 71656-3516, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 227 EP - 241 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 81 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - Pinus echinata KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA, Arkansas KW - growth KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17015353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+expectations+from+alternative+thinning+regimes+and+prescribed+burning+in+naturally+regenerated+loblolly-shortleaf+pine+stands+through+age+20&rft.au=Cain%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus echinata; Pinus taeda; USA, Arkansas; forest management; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Craniofacial malformations induced in hamsters by steroidal alkaloids AN - 17014012; 3845983 AB - Data on jervane, solanidane and spirosolane alkaloid-induced teratogenicity in hamsters is summarized and reviewed. The embryolethality of these steroidal alkaloids is discussed with respect to pre- and post-implantation death. Craniofacial malformations induced by steroidal alkaloids are tabulated and the relationship of malformation pattern to mechanisms of terata induction is noted. Relative teratogenic potencies (RTP) are assigned to jervanes, solanidanes and spirosolanes by conversion of literature data to equimolar doses compared to the powerful Veratrum teratogen, jervine, and the nonteratogenic spirosolane, tomatidine. RTP values are: jervine (100), 12 beta ,13 alpha -dihydrojervine (65), 22S,25R-solanidanes (50), cyclopamine (47), alpha -chaconine (43), 5 alpha ,6,12 beta ,13 alpha -tetrahydrojervine (40), 22R,25S-solanidine (32), solanidine-N-oxide (32), alpha -solanine (32), 5 alpha ,6-dihydrosolanidine (9), muldamine (9), solasodine (6), 5 alpha ,6-dihydrosolasodine (4), tomatine (1), tomatidine (0). JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - alkaloids KW - hamsters KW - jervine KW - tomatidine KW - steroids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - craniofacial syndromes KW - Veratrum KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17014012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Craniofacial+malformations+induced+in+hamsters+by+steroidal+alkaloids&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veratrum; teratogenicity; craniofacial syndromes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for establishing warm season grass hedges for erosion control AN - 17013361; 3850672 AB - Grass hedges can be a relatively economical means to slow runoff water and reduce soil loss. There are several factors that will influence the success of grass hedge establishment including grass election, seed quality, seedbed preparation, planting procedures, timing, and management practices during and following establishment. Failure to consider any one of these factors may jeopardize the success of grass hedge establishment. Grass hedge establishment is not simple nor easy, but the rewards from a well established grass hedge should offset the effort. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Dewald, CL AU - Henry, J AU - Bruckerhoff, S AU - Ritchie, J AU - Dabney, S AU - Shepherd, D AU - Douglas, J AU - Wolf, D AD - USDA--Agric. Res. Serv., Woodward, OK, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 16 EP - 20 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - standards KW - grasses KW - management planning KW - erosion control KW - cost analysis KW - vegetation establishment KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+establishing+warm+season+grass+hedges+for+erosion+control&rft.au=Dewald%2C+CL%3BHenry%2C+J%3BBruckerhoff%2C+S%3BRitchie%2C+J%3BDabney%2C+S%3BShepherd%2C+D%3BDouglas%2C+J%3BWolf%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dewald&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - grasses; vegetation establishment; erosion control; standards; cost analysis; soil erosion; management planning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxic activity of a series of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in primary hepatocyte-mediated V79 cell mutagenesis and DNA repair assay AN - 17012381; 3845985 AB - The genotoxicity of a series of macrocyclic diester pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), isolated from species of the plant genus Senecio, was determined in the Chinese hamster V79 HGPRT cell mutagenesis system and primary rat hepatocyte-DNA repair assay. The alkaloids senecionine, seneciphylline, riddelliine and monocrotaline were cytotoxic to primary rat hepatocytes as shown by elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels in the medium; were mutagenic to Chinese hamster V79 cells in the presence of S9 or primary hepatocytes; and were able to induce DNA repair synthesis in hepatocytes. The N-oxide derivative of riddelliine, and the dehydroaminoalcohol, retronecine, were cytotoxic to primary hepatocytes; were cytotoxic but not mutagenic to V79 cells; and were not active in the hepatocyte-DNA repair assay. The combination of cytotoxicity, V79 cell mutagenesis and DNA repair activity indicates that riddelliine and other structurally-related PAs occurring in Senecio species are likely to be hepatocellular carcinogens as well as cytotoxic agents. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Berry, D L AU - Schoofs, G M AU - Schwass, DE AU - Molyneux, R J AD - Western Reg. Res. Cent., ARS - USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 24 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - V79 cells KW - rats KW - pyrrolizidine alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - alkaloids KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - genotoxicity KW - hepatocytes KW - DNA repair KW - mutagenicity KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17012381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Genotoxic+activity+of+a+series+of+pyrrolizidine+alkaloids+in+primary+hepatocyte-mediated+V79+cell+mutagenesis+and+DNA+repair+assay&rft.au=Berry%2C+D+L%3BSchoofs%2C+G+M%3BSchwass%2C+DE%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genotoxicity; hepatocytes; DNA repair; mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in Brucella abortus 2308 infection in BALB/c mice induced by prior vaccination with salt-extractable periplasmic proteins from Brucella abortus 19 AN - 17008137; 3849123 AB - The study compared the immune and protective responses induced in BALB/c mice vaccinated with six salt-extractable periplasmic protein fractions (Brucella cell surface proteins [BCSP]) of Brucella abortus 19 and later challenge exposed with B. abortus 2308. BCSP70 was precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 70% saturation, and BCSP100 was precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 100% saturation by use of supernatant fluid of BCSP70 that had been precipitated with 70% ammonium sulfate. Four subfractions were separated from BCSP100 by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) from Salmonella typhimurium Re mutant strain was used as a potential immune response modifier in some vaccines. Reduced or increased numbers of CFU and increased spleen size in the principal groups of mice relative to that of the nonvaccinated control group were considered protectiveness or virulence (survival) criteria. Results indicated that vaccines prepared from BCSP70 and BCSP100 were moderately protective and immunogenic. The subfractions designated BCSP100-A through BCSP100-D purified by anion-exchange HPLC were not protective when MPL was not used as an immune response modifier. However, two subfractions were associated with significant increases in CFU per spleen and splenomegaly in vaccinated mice compared with those in nonvaccinated challenge-exposed mice. MPL enhanced protection or was neutral when used with BCSP70, BCSP100, BCSP100-C, and BCSP100-D. Serologic results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that MPL modulated the immunoglobulin G responses induced by BCSP70, BCSP100, and subfraction BCSP100-B vaccines only. The overall results suggest that certain proteinaceous periplasmic fractions might serve as virulence or survival factors in B. abortus infections. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Pugh, GW Jr AU - Tabatabai, L B AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 548 EP - 556 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - brucellosis KW - animal models KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17008137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Variation+in+Brucella+abortus+2308+infection+in+BALB%2Fc+mice+induced+by+prior+vaccination+with+salt-extractable+periplasmic+proteins+from+Brucella+abortus+19&rft.au=Pugh%2C+GW+Jr%3BTabatabai%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; immune response; animal models; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination with genetically modified Shiga-like toxin IIe prevents edema disease in swine AN - 17000072; 3840585 AB - Escherichia coli strains producing Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIe, formerly called SLT-IIv) cause edema disease in weaned pigs. Vaccination of pigs with a genetically modified form of Shiga-like toxin IIe, SLT-IIe (E167Q), has been previously shown to be nontoxic and to induce antibodies to SLT-IIe (V. M. Gordon, S. C. Whipp, H. W. Moon, A.D. O'Brien, and J. E. Samuel, Infect. Immun. 60:485-502-1992). Fifty micrograms of SLT-IIe(EI67Q) toxin was used to vaccinate suckling pigs at 1 and 2 weeks of age. Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs were orally inoculated with an SLT-IIe-producing strain of E. coli after weaning (3 to 4 weeks of age). Pigs fed a low-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed subclinical edema disease, histologically evident as vascular necrosis. Pigs fed a high-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed clinical edema disease manifested as vascular necrosis, reduced weight gain, ataxia, palpebral edema, lateral recumbency, and death. Pigs vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) had a reduction in the incidence of subclinical edema disease and never developed clinical edema disease. These data demonstrate that vaccination with a genetically modified form of SLT-IIe prevents edema disease and are consistent with the notion that diet influences susceptibility to edema disease. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Samuel, JE AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AU - Gordon, V M AU - Whipp, S C AD - Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Shiga-like toxin II KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - edema KW - Escherichia coli KW - disease control KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32415:Veterinary Medicine: Therapy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vaccination+with+genetically+modified+Shiga-like+toxin+IIe+prevents+edema+disease+in+swine&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+B+T%3BSamuel%2C+JE%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD%3BGordon%2C+V+M%3BWhipp%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - edema; disease control; vaccination; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of orf1 and orf2 in the anfHDGK genomic region encoding nitrogenase 3 of Azotobacter vinelandii AN - 16998877; 3833690 AB - In Azotobacter vinelandii, the anfHDGK operon encodes the subunits for the third nitrogenase complex. Two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) located immediately downstream of anfK were shown to be required for diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. We have designated orf1 and orf2 anfO and anfR, respectively. Strains (CA115 and CA116) carrying in-frame deletions in anfO and anfR accumulate the subunits for nitrogenase 3 under Mo-deficient diazotrophic conditions. AnfO and AnfR are required for nitrogenase 3-dependent diazotrophic growth and super(15)SN sub(2) incorporation but not for acetylene reduction. AnfO contains a putative heme-binding domain that exhibits similarity to presumed heme-binding domains of P-450 cytochromes. Amino acid substitutions of Cys-158 show that this residue is required for fully functional AnfO as measured by diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. The nucleotide sequence of the region located immediately downstream of anfR has been determined. A putative rho -independent transcription termination site has been identified 250 bp from the 3' end of anfR. A third open reading frame (orf3), located downstream of anfR, does not appear to be required for diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Mylona, P V AU - Premakumar, R AU - Pau, R N AU - Bishop, P E AD - ARS-USDA, and Dep. Microbiol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7615, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 204 EP - 208 VL - 178 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - nitrogenase 3 KW - orf1 gene KW - orf2 gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - deletion mutant KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - growth KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16998877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+orf1+and+orf2+in+the+anfHDGK+genomic+region+encoding+nitrogenase+3+of+Azotobacter+vinelandii&rft.au=Mylona%2C+P+V%3BPremakumar%2C+R%3BPau%2C+R+N%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Mylona&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; nucleotide sequence; growth; deletion mutant ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertility management in dryland conservation cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest AN - 16470759; 4405414 AB - The Pacific Northwest dryland region is moving toward conservation tillage to control excessive erosion on steep slopes, but progress has been slow because of adverse effects on plant growth and yield. Fertility relations in cereal grains with conventional tillage are well known, with deficiencies occurring for nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, in declining order of frequency. N and S deficiencies are more severe in conservation tillage, although the pattern of crop response to nutrient application is the same as in conventional tillage. Placing nutrients in a subsurface band near the seed is more effective than broadcasting on the surface. Higher fertility is required near developing root systems to offset greater competition from grassy weeds and more intense pressure from root-pruning soil pathogens. Conservation tillage alters soil fertility and plant growth in different ways on different landscapes. These differences must be considered to ensure that conservation tillage will be effective over the entire field. JF - AM. J. ALTERNATIVE AGRIC. AU - Rasmussen, P E AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, PO Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801-0370, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 108 EP - 114 VL - 11 IS - 2-3 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16470759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AM.+J.+ALTERNATIVE+AGRIC.&rft.atitle=Fertility+management+in+dryland+conservation+cropping+systems+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AM.+J.+ALTERNATIVE+AGRIC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Root to shoot ratio of crops as influenced by CO sub(2) AN - 16120747; 4210372 AB - Crops of tomorrow are likely to grow under higher levels of atmospheric CO sub(2). Fundamental crop growth processes will be affected and chief among these is carbon allocation. The root to shoot ratio (R:S, defined as dry weight of root biomass divided by dry weight of shoot biomass) depends upon the partitioning of photosynthate which may be influenced by environmental stimuli. Exposure of plant canopies to high CO sub(2) concentration often stimulates the growth of both shoot and root, but the question remains whether elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration will affect roots and shoots of crop plants proportionally. Since elevated CO sub(2) can induce changes in plant structure and function, there may be differences in allocation between root and shoot, at least under some conditions. The effect of elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) on carbon allocation has yet to be fully elucidated, especially in the context of changing resource availability. Herein we review root to shoot allocation as affected by increased concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) and provide recommendations for further research. Review of the available literature shows substantial variation in R:S response for crop plants. In many cases (59.5%) R:S increased, in a very few (3.0%) remained unchanged, and in others (37.5%) decreased. The explanation for these differences probably resides in crop type, resource supply, and other experimental factors. Efforts to understand allocation under CO sub(2) enrichment will add substantially to the global change response data base. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Rogers, H H AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Mitchell, R J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 248 VL - 187 IS - 2 KW - crops KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - resource allocation KW - roots KW - shoots KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16120747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Root+to+shoot+ratio+of+crops+as+influenced+by+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+H+H%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BMitchell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat leaf epicuticular characteristics as rust inhibitors AN - 16084505; 4112005 AB - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) trichomes influence wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) germling elongation as a function of the external element (i.e. - Ca, Si, P, Cl) concentration. Basal cells of multicellular trichomes have a high Ca content; and, Ca super(2+) has been shown to inhibit elongation of primary roots. Evaluation of epicuticular wax composition in the intracellular areas of epidermal cells might explain the disorganized growth in those locations. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Wilkinson, R E AU - Roberts, J J AD - University of Georgia, and Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS, Georgia Station, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 591 EP - 598 VL - B31 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Puccinia recondita KW - rust KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16084505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Wheat+leaf+epicuticular+characteristics+as+rust+inhibitors&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+R+E%3BRoberts%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=B31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Pesticide chemistry for sustainable agriculture. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Triticum aestivum; rust; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides AN - 16083701; 4112007 AB - Microbes are sources of a diverse array of phytotoxic compounds. These compounds are generally structurally different from commercial herbicides, targeting different molecular sites of action within the plant. These novel structures and sites can be excellent leads for the discovery and development of safer synthetic herbicides. Microbial phytotoxins are often more environmentally benign than synthetic herbicides. Examples of phytotoxins from fungi (AAL-toxin, cornexistin, cyperin, and tentoxin) with novel structures and sites of action are discussed. AAL-toxin and toxic to a wide variety of weeds at very low dose rates. AAL-toxin and many of its analogues kill plants by inhibiting a ceramide synthase-like enzyme, causing rapid accumulation of free sphingoid bases that disrupt membranes. Cornexistin appears to be metabolically cnverted to an inhibitor of certain aspartate amino transferase isoenzymes. Its activity can be reversed by feeding aspartate and glutamate or with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Its activity is much like that of (aminooxy)acetate. Cyperin is a diphenylether phytotoxin that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, but does not kill plants by this mechanism. It appears to have other effects on porphyrin metabolism. Tentoxin is toxic by two mechanisms. It disrupts chloroplast development by inhibiting the processing of a nuclear-coded plastid protein, and it also inhibits photophosphorylation by acting as an energy transfer inhibitor of coupling factor 1 ATPase. Other examples of phytotoxins from microbes with promise as herbicides will be mentioned. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Duke, SO AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, M V AU - Lee, HJ AU - Vaughn, K C AU - Amagasa, T AU - Tanaka, T AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Southern Weed Science Laboratory, P. O. Box 350 Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 427 EP - 434 VL - B31 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - AAL toxin KW - cyperin KW - tentoxin KW - cornexistin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - herbicides KW - phytotoxins KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16083701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Microbial+phytotoxins+as+potential+herbicides&rft.au=Duke%2C+SO%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+M+V%3BLee%2C+HJ%3BVaughn%2C+K+C%3BAmagasa%2C+T%3BTanaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=B31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Pesticide chemistry for sustainable agriculture. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytotoxins; biological control; herbicides ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service in the control of introduced weeds AN - 16082942; 4112537 AB - The role of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in the research and control of introduced weeds is discussed. Introduced weeds are a major economic threat to the United States. Currently, about 60% of all weeds in the United States are of foreign origin. These alien weed species reduce the quality of food, feed, and fiber and increase the cost of crop production by several billion dollars annually. In addition, introduced weeds threaten native plant species in natural areas and reduce environmental quality on public and private lands. JF - Castanea AU - Bryson, C T Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 261 EP - 270 VL - 61 IS - 3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - USA KW - weed control KW - economic importance KW - weeds KW - introduced species KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16082942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=The+role+of+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture%2C+Agricultural+Research+Service+in+the+control+of+introduced+weeds&rft.au=Bryson%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ripeness effects of three vegetable crops on abundance of augmentatively released Psyttalia fletcheri (Hym.: Braconidae): Improved sampling and release methods AN - 16066634; 4099535 AB - Studies were done to determine the effect of 4 fruit ripeness levels on the abundance of Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri), a parasitoid of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). In addition, an improved trapping method was developed for monitoring mass-released adult parasitoids in the field. A total of 420,000 adult P. fletcheri were released over a period of 15 weeks, in a 0.16 ha experimental field plot containing cucumber, zucchini and tomato in Kauai, HI. We recovered significantly more P. fletcheri from rotting fruits of all fruit types than from immature, commercial grade or oversized fruits. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of P. fletcheri and R. cucurbitae recovered from rotting fruits. Average parasitism in rotting tomato, zucchini and cucumber was 5, 19 and 36% respectively. Yellow pan traps were as effective as sticky sphere traps for monitoring P. fletcheri, indicating that parasitoids were foraging close to the ground where rotting fruits occurred. The pan traps were much easier to use, less expensive and required less set up time. Recovery of parasitoids from both fruit collections and pan traps indicated that P. fletcheri was least abundant in tomato. Both male and female parasitoids exhibited a weakly aggregated distribution in each crop. We discuss modified sampling and release methods for population estimation and augmentative release studies of P. fletcheri. JF - Entomophaga AU - Purcell, M F AU - Messing, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 EP - 115 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Psyttalia fletcheri KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - population density KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - sampling KW - crops KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Ripeness+effects+of+three+vegetable+crops+on+abundance+of+augmentatively+released+Psyttalia+fletcheri+%28Hym.%3A+Braconidae%29%3A+Improved+sampling+and+release+methods&rft.au=Purcell%2C+M+F%3BMessing%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Tephritidae; Diptera; Hymenoptera; USA, Hawaii; sampling; crops; population density; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical properties of acid soil treated with coal combustion by-products and leached AN - 16041020; 4086171 AB - Application of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) to acid soils can have beneficial or detrimental effects. A column study was conducted to determine the effects of CCBs on mitigating acid soil properties after leaching with 138 cm deionized water. Columns containing 105 cm acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult) had mixed in the top 15 cm the following treatments (g/kg soil): no CCB or limestone (check); dolomitic limestone (lime) at 3.98; high-calcium sulfate (CaSO sub(4)) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product (BP) at 15.88; combination of lime+FGD at rates given; high-CaSO sub(4) FGD BP enriched with Mg (FGD+Mg) at 15.88; and fluidized bed combustion (FBC) BP at 6.45. After being leached for 39 days, the columns of acid soil treated with high-CaSO sub(4) by-products showed higher subsurface pH, calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S) and lower aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn). In contrast, the lime alone treatment had little effect on subsurface soil properties. Use of dolomitic limestone to supply magnesium (Mg) in conjunction with the CaSO sub(4) treatments was more effective than supplementation with Mg(OH) sub(2), where 97% of the added Mg leached from the top layer. Substances leached from the CCBs studied were effective in reducing problems associated with subsurface soil acidity. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Zaifnejad, M AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Clark, R B AU - Baligar, V C AU - Martens, D C AD - Appalachian Soil & Water Conserv. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 867, Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2783 EP - 2797 VL - 27 IS - 15-17 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - calcium sulfate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - land application KW - lime KW - byproducts KW - acidity KW - flue gas desulfurization KW - coal KW - leaching KW - combustion products KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16041020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Chemical+properties+of+acid+soil+treated+with+coal+combustion+by-products+and+leached&rft.au=Zaifnejad%2C+M%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BClark%2C+R+B%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BMartens%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Zaifnejad&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=15-17&rft.spage=2783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; acidity; combustion products; leaching; lime; coal; chemical analysis; flue gas desulfurization; byproducts; land application ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of promoter-leader sequences on transient expression of reporter gene chimeras biolistically transferred into sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) suspension cells AN - 16039827; 4093441 AB - Chimeric constructs consisting of the gus coding region fused downstream of promoter-untranslated leader sequences from the tobacco osmotin and PR-S genes, the potato proteinase inhibitor 2 gene (pin2), and the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter were biolistically transferred into sugarbeet suspension cells. Each construct was expressed in recipient cells at 6 h after bombardment with maximum levels observed between 12 and 48 h. Expression of the PR-S construct mimicked the time-course expression of the constitutively expressed 35S construct but reached levels almost 50% higher. The pin2-promoter construct was ultimately expressed at levels similar to that of PR-S. Expression of the osmotin promoter-leader construct was highest, reaching levels approximately 2.5-fold higher than those of the 35S construct (DBO). JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Ingersoll, J C AU - Heutte, T M AU - Owens, L D AD - Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 006, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 836 EP - 840 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - Beta vulgaris KW - gene expression KW - promoters KW - reporter gene KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Effect+of+promoter-leader+sequences+on+transient+expression+of+reporter+gene+chimeras+biolistically+transferred+into+sugarbeet+%28Beta+vulgaris%29+suspension+cells&rft.au=Ingersoll%2C+J+C%3BHeutte%2C+T+M%3BOwens%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ingersoll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; gene expression; promoters; reporter gene; Beta vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial associations with decaying wood: A review AN - 16032948; 4096991 AB - Wood-inhabiting bacteria are associated with wood decay and may have an indirect influence on the decay process. Bacteria are able to affect wood permeability, attack wood structure, or work synergistically with other bacteria and soft-rot fungi to predispose wood to fungal attack. Bacteria that can inhabit chemically treated wood are recognized. The natural ability of certain bacterial genera to decompose creosote, mineralize pentachlorophenol, and tolerate chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA-)-treated wood is discussed with respect to their role in the biodegradation of chemically preserved waste-wood products. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Clausen, CA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab., 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 101 EP - 107 VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - bacteria KW - chromated-copper-arsenate KW - creosote KW - pentachlorophenol KW - woodiness diseases KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - reviews KW - wood KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Bacterial+associations+with+decaying+wood%3A+A+review&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; reviews; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative natural rubber AN - 15988867; 275626 AB - This paper discusses research results underlying promising approaches to the genetic engineering of temperate-zone annual plants into commercial crops of natural rubber. It also reports the biotechnological development of hypoallergenic latex to address markets for which H. brasiliensis latex is unsuitable and which are of sufficient value to permit the immediate commercialization of a major domestic Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule) crop. JF - Chemtech AU - Cornish, Katrina AU - Siler, Deborah J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 38 EP - 44 PB - ACS, WASHINGTON, DC, (USA) VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0009-2703, 0009-2703 KW - Agronomy KW - Allergies KW - Allylic pyrophosphate KW - Isopentenyl pyrophosphate KW - Latex allergy KW - Latexes KW - Plant breeding KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biosynthesis KW - Substrates KW - Molecules KW - Biotechnology KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 818.1:NATURAL RUBBER KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 931.3:ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemtech&rft.atitle=Alternative+natural+rubber&rft.au=Cornish%2C+Katrina%3BSiler%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemtech&rft.issn=00092703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosynthesis; Substrates; Molecules; Biotechnology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of loblolly pine to ozone and simulated acidic rain AN - 15967014; 4067033 AB - Acidic rain and ozone (O sub(3)) may have serious consequences on the growth and development of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), a tree species of major economic importance in the southeastern United States. In two independent studies, seedlings of open-pollinated families of loblolly pine were exposed to five concentrations of O sub(3) (0, 80, 160, 240, or 320 nL.L super(-1)) and three simulated rain acidities (pH 5.3, 4.3, or 3.3). Following 23 weeks of growth (12 weeks in charcoal-filtered air and 11 weeks of O sub(3) and simulated acidic rain exposures), stem height, secondary needle dry weight, top and total seedling dry weight, and root/shoot dry weight ratio all were related negatively and linearly with O sub(3) concentration. Stem diameter and root dry weight were also suppressed by O sub(3). Suppression of the growth parameters ranged from 14 to 35% for the greatest O sub(3) concentration. Acidity of simulated rain did not affect seedlings, nor did it affect seedling responses to O sub(3). Results indicate that acid rain probably has little effect on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, but O sub(3) can suppress growth to varying degrees depending on family. JF - CAN. J. FOR. RES. AU - Reinert, R A AU - Shafer AU - Eason, G AU - Schoeneberger, M M AU - Horton, S J AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv. and Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1715 EP - 1723 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0045-5067, 0045-5067 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - Pinus taeda KW - pollution effects KW - air pollution KW - acid rain KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15967014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.atitle=Responses+of+loblolly+pine+to+ozone+and+simulated+acidic+rain&rft.au=Reinert%2C+R+A%3BShafer%3BEason%2C+G%3BSchoeneberger%2C+M+M%3BHorton%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.issn=00455067&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; acid rain; ozone; pollution effects; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of drought on competition between selected Rhizobium meliloti strains and naturalized soil rhizobia in alfalfa AN - 15935578; 4056196 AB - Drought is an important environmental factor that can affect rhizobial competition and N sub(2) fixation. Three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L.) accessions were grown in pots containing soil from an irrigated (Soil 1) and a dryland (Soil 2) alfalfa field in northern Utah, USA. Mutants of three strains of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. from Pakistan (UL 136, UL 210, and UL 222) and a commercial rhizobial strain 102F51a were developed with various levels of resistance to streptomycin. Seeds inoculated with these individual streptomycin-resistant mutants were sown in the two soils containing naturalized rhizobial populations. Soils in the pots were maintained at -0.03, -0.5, and -1.0 MPa. After 10 weeks, plants were harvested and nodule isolates were cultured on agar medium with and without streptomycin to determine nodule occupancy (proportion of the nodules occupied by introduced rhizobial strains). Number of nodules, nodule occupancy, total plant dry weight, and shoot N were higher for Soil 1 than Soil 2. Number of nodules, plant dry weight, and shoot N decreased as drought increased from -0.03 to -1.0 MPa in the three alfalfa accessions. Rhizobial strains UL 136 and UL 222 were competitive with naturalized alfalfa rhizobia and were effective at symbiotic N sub(2) fixation under drought. These results suggest that nodulation, growth, and N sub(2) fixation in alfalfa can be improved by inoculation with competitive and drought-tolerant rhizobia and may be one economically feasible way to increase alfalfa production in water-limited environments. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Athar, M AU - Johnson, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 231 EP - 242 VL - 184 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - rhizobia KW - drought KW - alfalfa KW - Medicago falcata KW - streptomycin KW - droughts KW - competition KW - Rhizobium KW - Medicago KW - Medicago sativa KW - Rhizobium meliloti KW - nodulation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - crop production KW - nitrogen fixation KW - resistance KW - USA, Utah KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15935578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Influence+of+drought+on+competition+between+selected+Rhizobium+meliloti+strains+and+naturalized+soil+rhizobia+in+alfalfa&rft.au=Athar%2C+M%3BJohnson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Athar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium; Medicago; Medicago sativa; Rhizobium meliloti; drought; alfalfa; nitrogen fixation; resistance; crop production; USA, Utah; droughts; competition; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic ozone effects on three northeastern hardwood species: Growth and biomass AN - 15934838; 4052814 AB - The response of black berry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings after being exposed to two seasons of ozone ranging from subambient to twice ambient (exposures ranged from 16 to 107 ppm/h in 1990 and 31 to 197 ppm/h in 1991) was studied in standard 3-m diameter open-top chambers. All three species responded differently to ozone. After one season of exposure, black cherry growth and biomass decreased with increasing ozone exposure; yellow-poplar growth and biomass increased with increasing ozone exposure; and sugar maple growth and biomass were not significantly affected by ozone. After two seasons of exposure, few to no effects from ozone were observed in either sugar maple or yellow-poplar. However, total plant and root biomass of black cherry exposed to twice ambient ozone were reduced 32 and 39%, respectively, when compared with those grown in charcoal-filtered air. Exposure-response relationships were either linear or quadratic for most of the growth and biomass parameters measured. JF - CAN. J. FOR. RES. AU - Rebbeck, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1788 EP - 1798 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0045-5067, 0045-5067 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Acer saccharum KW - biomass KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - pollution effects KW - Prunus serotina KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15934838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.atitle=Chronic+ozone+effects+on+three+northeastern+hardwood+species%3A+Growth+and+biomass&rft.au=Rebbeck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rebbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CAN.+J.+FOR.+RES.&rft.issn=00455067&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer saccharum; Prunus serotina; Liriodendron tulipifera; air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; growth; biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats AN - 15929448; 4051662 AB - Chromium (Cr) absorption is low (<1%) and there is a need to find Cr compounds that are absorbed better than inorganic Cr salts. Therefore, the incorporation of nine different chromium (Cr) compounds on tissue Cr concentration of 6-week male Wistar rats was investigated. Chromium compounds tested were Cr chloride (Cr chloride), Cr acetate (Cr acetate), Cr potassium sulfate (CrAlum), Cr trihistidine (Cr histidine), Cr triglycine (Cr glycine), Cr trinicotinic acid (CrNA), Cr dinicotinic acid dihistidine (CrNA-HIS), Cr tripicolinic acid (Cr picolinate), and Cr dinicotinic acid diglycine cysteine glutamic acid (CrNA-AA). Complexes were fed to weanling rats for 3 weeks at 5,000 ng of Cr/g of diet. Basal control diet was a cornstarch-based diet containing 30 ng Cr/g. Chromium incorporation into the kidney was greatest for CrNA-AA complex (850 ng/g dry wt) followed by CrAlum (407 ng/g), Cr acetate (397), CrNA-HIS (394), Cr picolinate (368), Cr glycine (343), Cr nicotinate (166), Cr chloride (74), CrHIS (49), and control (23 ng/g). Chromium concentration of the liver was greatest for the Cr picolinate compound (50 ng/g) followed by CrNA-AA and Cr acetate. Liver Cr concentrations of remaining complexes were not significantly different from those of the control animals that received no added Cr. Chromium concentrations were significantly greater in the kidney than those for the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and gastrocnemius muscle. Supplemental Cr did not affect tissue zinc and copper but did alter tissue iron concentrations. Absorption of radioactive forms of Cr did not explain the differences in tissue Cr concentrations. Chromium absorption after 4 hours and retention after 24 hours were not significantly different for the forms of Cr tested. These data demonstrate that Cr concentrations are greatest in the kidney and that the form of dietary Cr significantly affects tissue Cr concentrations. Absorption of Cr does not correlate with tissue Cr concentrations and blood Cr is not in equilibrium with tissue Cr stores. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Anderson, R A AU - Bryden, NA AU - Polansky, M M AU - Gautschi, K AD - USDA, ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg. 307, Rm. 224, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 11 EP - 25 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - rats KW - chromium KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - diets KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15929448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dietary+chromium+effects+on+tissue+chromium+concentrations+and+chromium+absorption+in+rats&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+A%3BBryden%2C+NA%3BPolansky%2C+M+M%3BGautschi%2C+K&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of rooting medium and fertilizer rate on response of white clover to tropospheric ozone AN - 15920683; 4047042 AB - Two white clover (Trifolium repens L.) clones with varying sensitivity to O sub(3) are being developed as a system to indicate effects of ambient concentrations of tropospheric O sub(3) on plants. One clone (NC-S) is highly sensitive to O sub(3) and the other (NC-R) is highly resistant. The system relies on periodic measurement of foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and forage production of NC-S and NC-R grown in 15-liter pots throughout a summer season. Relative amounts of foliar injury and ratios (NC-S/NC-R) for chlorophyll and forage weight can be used to estimate biologically effective ambient O sub(3) concentrations. The effect of variation in rooting media formulation and fertilizer rate on response of NC-S and NC-R to ambient O sub(3) was determined in the present study. In the rooting medium experiment, clover was grown in three mixtures of sandy loam topsoil:course washed sand:Metro Mix 220 (ratios (by volume) of 2:1:1, 2:1:5, and 6:1:1). In the fertilizer experiment, clover was grown in the 2:1:1 medium at four fertilizer rates (soluble 5-11-26 (N-P-K) at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g per pot). Ozone caused more foliar injury, more chlorosis, and a greater decrease in forage production of NC-S than of NC-R in all studies. Rooting media treatments affected both clones similarly and occasional clone x media interactions were judged to be random. Forage production by NC-S, relative to that of NC-R, was generally greater in the 0.0 fertilizer treatment, but the forage ratios were similar at all other fertilizer treatments. The relative response of NC-S and NC-R to O sub(3) is fairly stable under cultural conditions that support normal plant growth. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AD - Plant Pathol. Dep., USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 113 EP - 119 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - plants KW - Trifolium repens KW - chlorophyll KW - ozone KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15920683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Effects+of+rooting+medium+and+fertilizer+rate+on+response+of+white+clover+to+tropospheric+ozone&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; plants; ozone; pollution effects; fertilizers; chlorophyll; growth ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cover crops affect sorghum seedling growth AN - 15915576; 265629 AB - The effect of killed cover crop on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] seedling growth was characterized in a controlled-environment to test several seed-zone management practices that could alleviate detrimental effects. Germination, root and shoot length, and disease incidence of sorghum indicated that legume cover crops were more detrimental to seedling growth than nonlegumes. Surface and subsurface residues, and residue leachates contributed to the deleterious effects of cover crops. Seedling shoot incidence continued when legume residues were mixed into soil or placed on top of soil during planting. Pathogenic organisms isolated from lesions on seedlings indicated that legume cover crops increased the damage. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Dabney, Seth M AU - Schreiber, Jonathon D AU - Rothrock, Craig S AU - Johnson, Joseph R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 961 EP - 970 PB - AMERICAN SOC OF AGRONOMY INC, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 88 IS - 6 KW - Cover crop interference KW - Leachate treatment KW - Pathogenic organisms KW - Seed KW - Sorghum seedling growth KW - Surface residues KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fungicides KW - Toxicity KW - Cultivation KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Cover+crops+affect+sorghum+seedling+growth&rft.au=Dabney%2C+Seth+M%3BSchreiber%2C+Jonathon+D%3BRothrock%2C+Craig+S%3BJohnson%2C+Joseph+R&rft.aulast=Dabney&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the respiratory burst of fungally infected plant cells AN - 15896700; 4033212 AB - The principal route of oxygen utilization in the respiratory burst of fungally infected plants was determined from stoichiometries of the uptake and electronic reduction of oxygen in cotton cells exposed to Aspergillus flavus walls. Using 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and epinephrine as redox reagents to manipulate oxygen transitions, we found that oxygen consumption doubled when superoxide disproportionation was abolished and was abolished when disproportionation doubled. Of four possible pathways for oxygen consumption, only monovalent reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide was consistent with this inversely proportional relationship. According to the observed rate of oxygen consumption in this pathway and in the absence of competition to disproportionation of superoxide, infected cells are capable of generating intracellular concentrations of 1 M hydrogen peroxide in 13 min. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Jacks, T J AU - Davidonis, G H AD - USDA, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - 158 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - superoxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - respiratory burst KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - plant cells KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15896700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Superoxide%2C+hydrogen+peroxide%2C+and+the+respiratory+burst+of+fungally+infected+plant+cells&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BDavidonis%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Gossypium hirsutum; plant cells; respiratory burst; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings AN - 15877192; 261570 AB - Two Populus hybrids (11-11 and D-01) were planted in monoclonal block plantings at three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) near Olympia, Washington, and evaluated over a 7-year period for individual tree growth rates and above-ground stand productivity. Differences were substantial between clones and among spacings in both individual tree characteristics (height and diameter growth) and stand productivity (leaf area, basal area, or biomass production). Relative differences in growth between the clones tended to increase with spacing. Woody biomass production of clone 11-11 averaged 18.2 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) at the 1.0 m spacing, whereas clone D-01 averaged only 10.1 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) at that spacing. The clones differed in phenology of height and diameter growth, maximum rate of periodic height growth, tendency to produce sylleptic branches, partitioning of woody biomass, and sensitivity of growth rates to competition. All of these characteristics have important influences on the productivity of short-rotation plantations. JF - Biomass and Bioenergy AU - DeBell, Dean S AU - Clendenen, Gary W AU - Harrington, Constance A AU - Zasada, John C AD - USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 253 EP - 269 PB - PERGAMON PRESS INC, TARRYTOWN, NY, (USA) VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0961-9534, 0961-9534 KW - Bioenergy KW - Phenology KW - Plant growth KW - Plantations KW - Poplar KW - Populus plantings KW - Production KW - Spacings KW - Sylleptic branches KW - Tree growth KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Cloning KW - Wood KW - Biomass KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 461.8.1:GENETIC ENGINEERING KW - W4 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - EE 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 525.1:ENERGY RESOURCES KW - W4 461.8.1:GENETIC ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 525.1:ENERGY RESOURCES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15877192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=Tree+growth+and+stand+development+in+short-rotation+populus+plantings%3A+7-year+results+for+two+clones+at+three+spacings&rft.au=DeBell%2C+Dean+S%3BClendenen%2C+Gary+W%3BHarrington%2C+Constance+A%3BZasada%2C+John+C&rft.aulast=DeBell&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.issn=09619534&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Production; Cloning; Wood; Biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visible near-infrared radiation parameters for sugar-beets AN - 15870632; 261925 AB - A two-stream description of the interaction of radiation with vegetation and an underlying surface is applied to experimental data from a sugar-beet canopy. The two parameters of the theory (reflectance of a dense canopy, and the attenuation coefficient for radiation in the canopy) are determined for chlorotic and normal sugar-beets, thereby allowing estimation of leaf area index from remotely-sensed reflectance measurements. Comparison with previous results for corn suggest that the parameters are species dependent. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Price, J C AU - Steven, M AU - Andrieu, B AU - Jaggard, K AD - USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3411 EP - 3418 PB - TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, LONDON, (ENGL) VL - 17 IS - 17 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Infrared radiation KW - Leaf area index KW - Light absorption KW - Light reflection KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Plants (botany) KW - Sugar-beets KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Visible+near-infrared+radiation+parameters+for+sugar-beets&rft.au=Price%2C+J+C%3BSteven%2C+M%3BAndrieu%2C+B%3BJaggard%2C+K&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steroidal alkaloid teratogens: Molecular probes for investigation of craniofacial malformations AN - 15825387; 4007556 AB - Holoprosencephaly, a malformation sequence that results from impaired midline cleavage of the embryonic forebrain, is expressed as a spectrum of craniofacial anomalies of which cyclopia is the most severe. The Veratrum alkaloids are the most prominent of the teratogenic agents known to induce holoprosencephaly in mammals. Jervine and 11-deoxojervine (cyclopamine) are potent steroidal alkaloid teratogens from Veratrum californicum that are responsible for inducing cyclopic malformations in sheep. Extensive structure-terata investigations of jervanes, solanidanes, and spirosolanes have shown that teratogenicity induced upon oral administration of all three structural types is significantly higher if the C-5, C-6 bond is unsaturated. Research in progress on the pathogenesis of holoprosencephalic malformations in both hamsters and humans offers the potential to provide information on the receptors involved in the expressions of these craniofacial syndromes. A clearer understanding of steroidal alkaloid-induced teratogenesis will emerge when appropriate receptor sites are revealed with which teratogenic alkaloids of slightly different structure can interact. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 303 EP - 326 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - alkaloids KW - steroids KW - jervine KW - cyclopamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogens KW - Veratrum californicum KW - reviews KW - craniofacial syndromes KW - malformations KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Steroidal+alkaloid+teratogens%3A+Molecular+probes+for+investigation+of+craniofacial+malformations&rft.title=Steroidal+alkaloid+teratogens%3A+Molecular+probes+for+investigation+of+craniofacial+malformations&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veratrum californicum; teratogens; malformations; reviews; craniofacial syndromes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial stimulation of adventitious rooting on in vitro cultured slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) seedling explants AN - 15811959; 4000162 AB - A bacterium has been isolated that initiates adventitious rooting when co-cultured under in vitro conditions with seedling-produced hypocotylary explants of slash pine (Pinus elliottii). Rooting efficiencies produced through bacterial-explant co-culture range from approximately 15% to greater than 90% over non-treated controls. Explant exposure to the root inducing bacterium has produced no obvious pathology in the regenerated plantlets. Seedling explants rooted by bacterial-explant co-culture have been successfully transitioned to ambient greenhouse conditions. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Burns, JA AU - Schwarz, O J AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Plains Area, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74074, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 405 EP - 408 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - rooting KW - Agrobacterium rhizogenes KW - Pinus elliottii KW - seedlings KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Bacterial+stimulation+of+adventitious+rooting+on+in+vitro+cultured+slash+pine+%28Pinus+elliottii+Engelm.%29+seedling+explants&rft.au=Burns%2C+JA%3BSchwarz%2C+O+J&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rooting; seedlings; Pinus elliottii; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel AN - 15811355; 253533 AB - Lipases were screened for their ability to transesterify triglycerides with short-chain alcohols to alkyl esters. The lipase from Mucor miehei was most efficient for converting triglycerides to their alkyl esters with primary alcohols, whereas the lipase from Candida antarctica was most efficient for transesterifying triglycerides with secondary alcohols to give branched alkyl esters. Conditions were established for converting tallow to short-chain alkyl esters at more than 90% conversion. These same conditions also proved effective for transesterifying vegetable oils and high fatty acid-containing feedstocks to their respective alkyl ester derivatives. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Nelson, Lloyd A AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Marmer, William N AD - USDA, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1191 EP - 1195 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcoholysis KW - Alkyl esters KW - Biodiesel KW - Diesel fuels KW - Glycerol KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Lipase KW - Lubricating greases KW - Rapeseed KW - Restaurant grease KW - Soil oil KW - Synthesis (chemical) KW - Tallow KW - Transesterification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Esterification KW - Fatty acids KW - Enzymes KW - Esters KW - Catalysis KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 607.1:LUBRICANTS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 523:LIQUID FUELS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipase-catalyzed+production+of+biodiesel&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Lloyd+A%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BMarmer%2C+William+N&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esterification; Fatty acids; Enzymes; Esters; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory perspective of the USDA on the use of antimicrobials and inhibitors in foods AN - 15809469; 4000446 AB - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is directly involved in the changes occurring in food ingredient use. FSIS responds to petitions from industry, trade groups, academia, and other research organizations for the use of new ingredients and the new use of existing ingredients in meat and poultry products. The agency confirms the safety and evaluates the technical efficacy of food ingredients intended for use in meat or poultry products. While FSIS maintains its own list of approved substances separate from that maintained by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FSIS seeks guidance and concurrence from FDA on ingredient approvals. Several trends have spurred the creativity in ingredient use, viz., globalization, labeling reform, a "marketing quality" concept, and industry and consumer concerns for safe, healthy ingredients, all of which translates to safe and healthy foods. The trend for safe and healthy foods is seen in the increased interest in the use of preservatives, particularly antimicrobial agents. To date, only a limited number of antimicrobial substances have been approved for direct use in meat and poultry products. However, there is a growing interest in antibacterial substances produced by certain strains of bacteria, e.g., nisin, a bacteriocin, for use in meat and poultry products. The use and application of these ingredients will require an integrated review by both FSIS and FDA before applications to meat and poultry are possible. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Post, R C AD - Food Standards and Ingredients Branch, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 200 C Street, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 78 EP - 81 VL - sup SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - food preservation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - government policy KW - antimicrobial agents KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Regulatory+perspective+of+the+USDA+on+the+use+of+antimicrobials+and+inhibitors+in+foods&rft.au=Post%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=sup&rft.issue=&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensory evaluation and composition of tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) fed diets containing protein-rich ethanol by-products from corn AN - 15792064; 3994481 AB - Fish rations containing 16 to 29% of corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, or corn distillers' grains with solubles and a control commercial feed were fed to tilapia. A trained, 10-member sensory panel evaluated the flavor characteristics of harvested, cooked tilapia fillets. The intensities of flavor characteristics of cooked fillets from tilapia raised on pellets containing 16% of corn gluten meal or corn gluten feed, as well as 19% of corn distillers' grains with solubles, were not significantly different than fish fed commercial fish feed. In general, the commercial feed resulted in similar protein and ash contents but higher total fat in the fillets compared with those containing ethanol by-products. JF - Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology AU - Wu, Y V AU - Warner, K AU - Rosati, R AU - Sessa, D J AU - Brown, P AD - Biopolymer Res. and Food Quality and Safety Res. Units, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, ARS, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 16 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8850, 1049-8850 KW - body conditions KW - feed composition KW - fish culture KW - fish fillets KW - odour KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Chemoreception Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fishery products KW - diets KW - Freshwater KW - proteins KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - organoleptic properties KW - R 18123:Sensory evaluation of food KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15792064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Food+Product+Technology&rft.atitle=Sensory+evaluation+and+composition+of+tilapia+%28Oreochromus+niloticus%29+fed+diets+containing+protein-rich+ethanol+by-products+from+corn&rft.au=Wu%2C+Y+V%3BWarner%2C+K%3BRosati%2C+R%3BSessa%2C+D+J%3BBrown%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Food+Product+Technology&rft.issn=10498850&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - body conditions; fish fillets; fishery products; fish culture; diets; feed composition; proteins; odour; organoleptic properties; Oreochromis niloticus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest canopy-atmosphere interactions AN - 15787065; 3990988 AB - Exchanges of materials (gases, nutrients, water, pollutants, and energy) between forest canopies and the atmosphere drive important ecosystem processes and influence many meteorological phenomena. Trees must exchange water, carbon dioxide, and energy with the atmosphere to survive. As new instruments and quantitative tools emerge for measuring forest and atmospheric conditions, the complexities of canopy-atmosphere interactions can be more accurately understood and modeled. Improved knowledge of canopy-atmosphere interactions is becoming more important as human activities alter both the structure and function of forest canopies, as well as the chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere. The increased scientific focus on structural and functional attributes of forest canopies in recent years promises to yield new insights into the effects of human disturbance on environments in forest canopies and the atmosphere. Important topics for future research in canopy-atmosphere interactions include: (1) the influence of elevation, forest edge, and canopy roughness on atmospheric deposition of pollutants; (2) the dynamics of carbon sequestration in forest biomass in relation to forest management practices and other disturbances; (3) the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on forest functioning and atmospheric feedbacks; and (4) the functional changes in forest canopies associated with structural changes, and consequences for watershed hydrology and nutrient cycling. JF - Northwest Science AU - Rose, CL AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Research Stn., Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 14 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental factors KW - disturbance KW - atmosphere KW - gas exchange KW - canopies KW - D 04500:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15787065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Forest+canopy-atmosphere+interactions&rft.au=Rose%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; canopies; atmosphere; gas exchange; environmental factors; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Death and decay: A vital part of living canopies AN - 15786750; 3990986 AB - Wood decay is a significant ecological process affecting Northwest forest canopies. Standing dead trees (snags) and partially decayed living trees offer five primary functions in the forest canopy: they increase structural diversity, alter canopy microenvironment, promote biological diversity, provide critical habitat for wildlife, and act as storehouses for nutrient and organic matter recycling agents. In this paper we do not discuss traditional measurement of wood decay in the canopy as a silvicultural loss of standing timber, but review current literature of forest ecology and define wood of dying and dead trees as an important component of the aboveground ecosystem. JF - Northwest Science AU - Parks, C G AU - Shaw, D C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest. and Range Sci. Lab., Pacific Northwest Research Stn., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 46 EP - 53 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem dynamics KW - trees KW - canopies KW - decay KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15786750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Death+and+decay%3A+A+vital+part+of+living+canopies&rft.au=Parks%2C+C+G%3BShaw%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; decay; ecosystem dynamics; canopies; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of northwest forest canopies and arboreal mammals AN - 15780149; 3991011 AB - The interactions among Northwest forest canopies and the mammals that inhabit them have been poorly studied. My purpose was to identify interactions among arboreal mammals and canopies that have implications for managers seeking to conserve biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest. I constructed a comprehensive, but parsimonious list of canopy attributes that could be biologically important. I compiled a list of mammals that routinely enter the canopy and ranked them relative to arboreality. I identified which attributes might be important to each species and how the attributes might contribute to maintaining arboreal rodent communities. Forest canopies have 26 categories of attributes of 5 major types: context, seral stage, community type, canopy dimensions, and tree species character. At least 12 species of mammals (excluding bats) use forest canopies, but only 7 should be considered truly arboreal. All but one of the arboreal rodents are limited zoogeographically, or in local distribution, because of needs for specific habitat elements. Only one species, the red tree vole, is totally arboreal; thus, the composition and structure of the arboreal rodent community is conditioned by both canopy and noncanopy features of the forest. Of the canopy attributes, diversity of tree species and abundance of nontree organisms, including lichens, mosses, and rot-inducing fungi, seem especially important to arboreal rodents. Diversity of tree species provides a variety of food (foliage, seed, fruit, nuts, and truffles and mushrooms of fungi symbiotic with the trees). Rot-inducing (and pathogenic) fungi provide cavities for leaf-lichen-moss nests and platforms for lichen-moss-twig nests. Lichens also serve as food. JF - Northwest Science AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9190, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 72 EP - 79 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - North America, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem dynamics KW - Mammalia KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+northwest+forest+canopies+and+arboreal+mammals&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; forests; canopies; ecosystem dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The differential effects of cell wall-associated phenolics, cell walls, and cytosolic phenolics of host and non-host roots on the growth of two species of AM fungi AN - 15779469; 3982667 AB - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that cellular compounds, especially wall-associated compounds, released during emergence of secondary roots, stimulate the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Purified cell walls, crude cell-wall extracts, crude cytoplasmic extracts, and phenolic compounds previously identified as cell wall-associated, from Ri T-DNA-transformed roots of host (Daucus carota L.) and non-host (Beta vulgaris L.) were incorporated into growth medium and tested for their effects upon growth of the AM fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe and Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall. Purified cell walls of both plants had little effect on G. gigantea but non-host cell walls inhibited the growth of G. margarita. Ferulic acid, a major constituent of non-host root, depressed the growth of both fungi. Nothing tested which was unique to the non-host root affected hyphal growth to the point that contact would be prohibited. Caffeic acid, found in D. carota cytoplasm, also depressed growth of both fungi. Para-hydroxybenzoic acid, a constituent of D. carota roots, stimulated growth of G. margarita hyphae, but did not affect hyphal growth of G. gigantea. Vanillic acid, unique to D. carota root cell-wall extracts, stimulated hyphal growth and branching of both fungi, and should increase the probability of contact between fungus and host root. JF - New Phytologist AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Abney, G D AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 289 EP - 294 VL - 133 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - phenolics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - roots KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Gigaspora gigantea KW - cell walls KW - Daucus carota KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - hosts KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=The+differential+effects+of+cell+wall-associated+phenolics%2C+cell+walls%2C+and+cytosolic+phenolics+of+host+and+non-host+roots+on+the+growth+of+two+species+of+AM+fungi&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BNagahashi%2C+G%3BAbney%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; Gigaspora gigantea; Daucus carota; Beta vulgaris; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; roots; hosts; cell walls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by a sclerotium-producing Aspergillus tamarii strain AN - 15778673; 3982649 AB - The production of aflatoxins B sub(1) and B sub(2)by Aspergillus tamarii (subgenus Circumdati section Flavi) is reported for the first time. The fungus was isolated from soil collected from a tea (Camellia sinensis) field in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Three single-spore cultures, NRRL 25517, NRRL 25518, and NRRL 25519, were derived from subcultures of the original isolate 19 (MZ2). Each of these single-spore cultures of A. tamarii produced aflatoxins B sub(1) and B sub(2) and cyclopiazonic acid, as well as black, pear-shaped sclerotia. The demonstration of aflatoxin production by A. tamarii is examined in connection with A. tamarii phylogenetic relationships, chemical ecology, and potential use in food fermentations. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Goto, T AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Ito, Y AD - Mycotoxin Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4036 EP - 4038 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus tamarii KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+and+cyclopiazonic+acid+production+by+a+sclerotium-producing+Aspergillus+tamarii+strain&rft.au=Goto%2C+T%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BIto%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Goto&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus tamarii; aflatoxins; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative study of phenolic acids associated with cell walls and cytoplasmic extracts of host and non-host roots for AM fungi AN - 15778596; 3982668 AB - Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a ubiquitous host for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whereas sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) are a non-host. Root cultures were used to compare the constitutive phenolic compounds associated with the cell wall or present in the cytoplasm of the host and non-host. Phenolic acids were released from purified cell walls by alkaline hydrolysis and were separated and identified by HPLC, TLC and u.v. absorption spectra analyses. Two phenolic acids unique to carrot root cell walls were identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) and vanillic acid. Sugar beet root cell walls had ferulic acid as major constituent and contained several unique phenyl propanoids which were not identified. Caffeic acid was found only in the cytoplasm of carrot roots and was present in the conjugated form (chlorogenic acid). The sugar beet cytoplasm also contained several unidentified hydroxycinnamic acid-type phenolics which were not found in carrot roots. JF - New Phytologist AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Abney, G D AU - Doner, L W AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 281 EP - 288 VL - 133 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - phenolic acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Beta vulgaris KW - cytoplasm KW - cell walls KW - Daucus carota KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+phenolic+acids+associated+with+cell+walls+and+cytoplasmic+extracts+of+host+and+non-host+roots+for+AM+fungi&rft.au=Nagahashi%2C+G%3BAbney%2C+G+D%3BDoner%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Nagahashi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Daucus carota; Beta vulgaris; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; cell walls; cytoplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amended data on arginine utilization by Spiroplasma species AN - 15778446; 3981983 AB - Hydrolysis of arginine is a classical diagnostic test for species in the mollicute order Entomoplasmatales. In this paper we report data for arginine utilization by spiroplasmas, as determined by standard methods. In addition, modified methods were developed for fastidious spiroplasmas, such as strain LD-1 super(T) (T = type strain), the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma. Twenty-one spiroplasma strains representing 13 groups or subgroups and eight ungrouped spiroplasmas (seven of which represent putative groups) were studied. The arginine reactions of eight strains were the same as the reactions reported previously, but previously reported positive tests for spiroplasma subgroups I-5 and I-6 (Spiroplasma insolitum) could not be repeated, and the data for the latter taxa are corrected. Although other workers have reported that addition of carbohydrate to media may be necessary for the utilization of arginine, the presence of glucose tended to obscure arginine hydrolysis in our studies. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Hackett, K J AU - Clark, E A AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Camp, M AU - Tully, J G AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., ARS, USDA, Rm. 214, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 912 EP - 915 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - arginine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Spiroplasma KW - bioassays KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Amended+data+on+arginine+utilization+by+Spiroplasma+species&rft.au=Hackett%2C+K+J%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F%3BCamp%2C+M%3BTully%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; bioassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the forest canopy by bats AN - 15777835; 3991000 AB - Of the 15 species of bats in the Pacific Northwest, 11 are known to make regular use of the forest canopy for roosting, foraging, and reproduction. This paper reviews roosting requirements, foraging, and the importance of landscape-scale factors to canopy-using species in the Northwest. Many northwest bats use several different types of tree roosts. Common roosting sites are in cavities, crevices, and foliage. Factors that may be important in roost site selection include microclimate, roost structure, crown architecture, canopy tree age and species, bark characteristics, foliage density, and stand and landscape composition. Some representative Pacific Northwest cavity- and crevice/bark-roosting species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and long-legged bat (M. volans). Only two Pacific Northwest species are known to roost in foliage. Several species forage in forest gaps, along forest edges, or in riparian areas. Long-eared (M. evotis) and Keen's (M. keenii) bats may forage within the forest canopy, although foraging behavior of these species in the Pacific Northwest is not well documented. Stand- and landscape-scale complexity may be important in providing bats with the abundance and diversity of roost, foraging, and hibernation sites they require. JF - Northwest Science AU - Wunder, L AU - Carey, AB AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 79 EP - 85 VL - 70 IS - special SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - North America, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - Chiroptera KW - habitat utilization KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+forest+canopy+by+bats&rft.au=Wunder%2C+L%3BCarey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Wunder&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=special&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Northwest forest canopies. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chiroptera; habitat utilization; species composition; forests; canopies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, purification, and characterization of a highly glucose-tolerant novel beta -glucosidase from Candida peltata AN - 15777684; 3978812 AB - Candida peltata (NRRL Y-6888) produced beta -glucosidase when grown in liquid culture on various substrates (glucose, xylose, L-arabinose, cellobiose, sucrose, and maltose). An extracellular beta -glucosidase was purified 1,800-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of the yeast grown on glucose by salting out with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose, Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel filtration, and cellobiose-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. It was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50 degree C and had a specific activity of 108 mu mol / min / mg of protein super(-1) against p-nitrophenyl- beta -D-glucoside (pNP beta G). The purified beta -glucosidase readily hydrolyzed pNP beta G, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose, with K sub(m) values of 2.3, 66, 39, 35, 21, and 18 mM, respectively. The enzyme was highly tolerant to glucose inhibition, with a K sub(i) of 1.4 M (252 mg/ml). Substrate inhibition was not observed with 40 mM pNP beta G or 15% cellobiose. The enzyme did not require divalent cations for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). Ethanol at an optimal concentration (0.75%, vol/vol) stimulated the initial enzyme activity by only 11%. Cellobiose (10%, wt/vol) was almost completely hydrolyzed to glucose by the purified beta -glucosidase (1.5 U/ml) in both the absence and presence of glucose (6%). Glucose production was enhanced by 8.3% when microcrystalline cellulose (2%, wt/vol) was treated for 24 h with a commercial cellulase preparation (cellulase, 5 U/ml; beta -glucosidase, 0.45 U/ml) that was supplemented with purified beta -glucosidase (0.4 U/ml). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3165 EP - 3170 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Candida peltata KW - beta -glucosidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - glucose tolerance KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production%2C+purification%2C+and+characterization+of+a+highly+glucose-tolerant+novel+beta+-glucosidase+from+Candida+peltata&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - glucose tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium species AN - 15777670; 3982648 AB - Fusaric acid is a mycotoxin with low to moderate toxicity, which is of concern since it might be synergistic with other cooccurring mycotoxins. Fusaric acid is widespread on corn and corn-based food and feeds and is frequently found in grain, where Fusarium spp. are also isolated. We surveyed 78 strains of Fusarium moniliforme, F. crookwellense, F. subglutinans, F. sambucinum, F. napiforme, F. heterosporum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. proliferatum for their ability to produce fusaric acid. Strains in Fusarium section Liseola also were assigned to mating population of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. The fungi could be divided into three classes, low (500 mu g/g), based on the amounts of this mycotoxin produced in culture on autoclaved corn. Strains of mating populations C from rice consistently produced moderate to high concentrations of fusaric acid. Two isolates, one each from mating populations C and D, produced fusaric acid in excess of 1,000 mu g/g of corn. No isolates of any of the Fusarium species examined were negative for the production of fusaric acid on autoclaved corn. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bacon, C W AU - Porter, J K AU - Norred, W P AU - Leslie, J F AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4039 EP - 4043 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fusaric acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - grain KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+fusaric+acid+by+Fusarium+species&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BPorter%2C+J+K%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BLeslie%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; mycotoxins; grain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean lipoxygenase-promoted oxidation of free and esterified linoleic acid in the presence of deoxycholate AN - 15777302; 245505 AB - Recent work showed that soybean lipoxygenase 1 can oxidize diacylglycerols when deoxycholate is present in the reaction medium. In this paper, competition experiments in which mixtures of the substrates are presented simultaneously to lipoxygenase in the presence of deoxycholate shows that linoleic acid is the most reactive substrate. When no surfactant is present or when the surfactant is Tween 20, linoleic acid is the most rapidly oxidized substrate. Overall, the results demonstrate that monolinolein and methyl linoleate are just as reactive, or more so, as linoleic acid to oxidation by lipoxygenase under specified reaction conditions. In competition experiments, linoleic acid oxidation predominates, probably because its free carboxyl functionality allows it to be preferentially bound to the active site of lipoxygenase. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Piazza, George J AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Nunez, Alberto AD - USDA, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1045 EP - 1049 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 8 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Deoxycholate KW - Diacylglycerols KW - Hydroperoxide KW - Linoleate KW - Linoleic acid KW - Lipoxygenase KW - Monoacylglycerol KW - Peroxides KW - Sodium chloride KW - Soybean lipoxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oxidation KW - Substrates KW - Enzymes KW - pH KW - Catalysis KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Soybean+lipoxygenase-promoted+oxidation+of+free+and+esterified+linoleic+acid+in+the+presence+of+deoxycholate&rft.au=Piazza%2C+George+J%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BNunez%2C+Alberto&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxidation; Substrates; Enzymes; pH; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overstory mortality as an indicator of forest health in California AN - 15774771; 245700 AB - The interagency Forest Health Monitoring Program involves a network of about 4200 forest plots on a triangular grid across the United States. We present data on recent mortality of trees greater than or equal to 27.9 cm diameter from the first three years of measurements in California (1992-1994). Three plot designs were used to collect data representative of a 1-ha stand at each site; the designs differed primarily in total area sampled (0.067, 0.4 and 1.0 ha). Approximately 50 sites were visited each year yielding a total of about 150. Field tallies showed few cases of recent mortality in the smallest plot size. Cumulative distribution functions of recent dead tree densities in the 0.067-ha plots differed significantly from those generated by tallies from entire 1-ha stands. We conclude that an area of 0.067 ha is unsuitable to assess and monitor overstory mortality in Pacific Coast forests. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Busing, R T AU - Liegel, L H AU - Labau, V J AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 285 EP - 295 PB - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DORDRECHT, (NETHERLANDS) VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Climate change KW - Environmental testing KW - Forest health KW - Forest preservation KW - Plants (botany) KW - Tree mortality KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Sampling KW - W4 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - W4 454:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - W4 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15774771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Overstory+mortality+as+an+indicator+of+forest+health+in+California&rft.au=Busing%2C+R+T%3BLiegel%2C+L+H%3BLabau%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Busing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic transformation through the use of hyperhydric tobacco meristems AN - 15772566; 3980872 AB - Exposed shoot meristems from normal and hyperhydric (vitrified) tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, were bombarded with gold particles either coated with plasmid DNA containing neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII), rolC and beta -glucuronidase (GUS) genes (plasmid pGA-GUSGFrolC) or left uncoated. Meristems bombarded with uncoated particles were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring the binary vector pGA-GUSGFrolC. Whole-plant transformants were produced from 4 of 40 hyperhydric meristems bombarded with uncoated particles followed by co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens. One transgenic plant was obtained from 40 normal, non-hyperhydric meristems treated. Transformation was verified by growth on kanamycin-containing medium, GUS assays, PCR, and Southern analysis. The plants tested through Southern analysis appeared to have 2 or more copies of the transgene insert. Seeds obtained from self-pollination of these transgenic plants segregated 3:1 or 15:1 (kanamycin resistant:sensitive) when germinated on medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin, indicating transfer of foreign genes through the sexual cycle. Whole-plant transformants were not produced from 50 normal tobacco meristems bombarded with plasmid-coated gold particles and not exposed to engineered A. tumefaciens, but 1 plant of 60 bombarded hyperhydric meristems produced transgenic roots, the result of a chimera. We suggest that hyperhydric meristems are more readily transformed. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Zimmerman, T W AU - Scorza, R AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 73 EP - 80 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - neomycin phosphotransferase KW - rolC gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - plasmids KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - transformation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15772566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Genetic+transformation+through+the+use+of+hyperhydric+tobacco+meristems&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+T+W%3BScorza%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plasmids; transformation; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Nicotiana tabacum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nidification of thirteen common Argentine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) AN - 15772124; 3981730 AB - Paracoprid scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) dig tunnels under or near various animals droppings, portions of which the beetles store to feed on or use to build nests for their larvae. These nests have been classified into 3 main patterns, based mainly on the structure of the nest, egg cell, and the existence of parental care. Pattern I nests are simple accumulations of feces at the end of a burrow, known as brood masses, with 1 or several eggs in individual cells built into the dung. Pattern II nests consist of spheroidal or pear-shaped food provisions plastered with a layer of soil (brood balls) loose in a subterranean chamber. Pattern III nests have several brood balls in one large chamber and receive parental care. The construction process of the brood masses and brood balls of 13 species of laboratory reared paracoprids from Argentina was studied by analyzing different stages of their construction. The species Dichotomius anaglypticus (Mannerheim), D. haroldi (Waterhouse), D. micans (Luederwaldt), D. semiaeneus (Germar), Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim, Oruscatus davus (Erichson), and Gromphas lacordairei Brulle belong to the pattern I; Sulcophanaeus batesi (Harold), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), S. imperator (Chevrolat), Bolbites onitoides Harold, Ontherus sulcator (F.), and O. appendiculatus (Mannerheim) to pattern II. The last pattern, which includes the Phanaeina, some Dichotomina (both subtribes of Coprini), and the Old World Catharsius, entails at least 4 different construction processes. Most brood masses and balls studied in this work are described for the first time. The building of spheroidal brood balls loose in a chamber could have evolved at least four times from the primitive brood masses, through four different convergent processes. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Walsh, G C AU - Gandolfo, D AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., Agric. Counselor American Res. Serv. Lab., USDA-ARS, U.S. Embassy-Buenos Aires, Unit 4325, APO AA 34034-0001, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 581 EP - 588 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Argentina KW - Scarabaeidae KW - nesting behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15772124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Nidification+of+thirteen+common+Argentine+dung+beetles+%28Scarabaeidae%3A+Scarabaeinae%29&rft.au=Walsh%2C+G+C%3BGandolfo%2C+D&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scarabaeidae; Coleoptera; Argentina; nesting behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk analysis and its application in FSIS AN - 15769826; 3985958 AB - Risk analysis has become a well established field in the United States during the past two decades; it is used very effectively in several application areas to assess and manage risk. Advances in the application of risk analysis to a wider range of hazards, including biological hazards, and scenarios are now occurring. Definitions of risk analysis terms (including risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication) have been developed along with the rationale, purpose, and need for risk analysis in regulation. Generic principles and applications are presented. A risk analysis program for foodborne hazards is being developed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A food risk analysis program for meat and poultry is being designed and some potential projects for risk assessment have been selected. All types of foodborne hazards (biological chemical, and physical) will be addressed in the new program. A general overview of risk assessment procedures and the organizational structure for the program are presented. National and international food risk analysis activities by the FSIS are summarized. The Agency expects the new risk analysis program to facilitate the regulation of FSIS-inspected food products. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kindred, T P AD - Sci. and Technol. Program, Food Saf. and Inspect. Serv., USDA, 300 12th St., SW, Rm 305, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 30 VL - suppl. SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - food quality KW - government policy KW - microbial contamination KW - government policies KW - Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - hazards KW - USA KW - risk assessment KW - contamination KW - microorganisms KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15769826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Risk+analysis+and+its+application+in+FSIS&rft.au=Kindred%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Kindred&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=suppl.&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; risk assessment; microorganisms; contamination; microbial contamination; hazards; government policies; food quality; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibodies for detection of the H7 antigen of Escherichia coli AN - 15769511; 3982101 AB - Two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (2B7 and 46E9-9) reactive with the H7 flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli were produced and characterized. A total of 217 E. coli strains (48 O157:H7, 4 O157:NM, 23 O157:non-H7, 22 H7:non-O157, and 120 non-O157:non-H7), 17 Salmonella serovars, and 29 other gram-negative bacteria were used to evaluate the reactivities of the two MAbs by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both MAbs reacted strongly with all E. coli strains possessing the H7 antigen and with H23- and H24-positive E. coli strains. Indirect ELISA MAb specificity was confirmed by inhibition ELISA and by Western blotting (immunoblotting), using partially purified flagellins from E. coli O157:H7 and other E. coli strains. On a Western blot, MAb 46E9-9 was more reactive against H7 flagellin of E. coli O157:H7 than against H7 flagellin of E. coli O1:K1:H7. Competition ELISA suggested that MAbs 2B7 and 46E9-9 reacted with closely related H7 epitopes. When the ELISA reactivities of the MAbs and two commercially available polyclonal anti-H7 antisera were compared, both polyclonal antisera and MAbs reacted strongly with E. coli H7 bacteria. However, the polyclonal antisera cross-reacted strongly both with non-H7 E. coli and with many non-E. coli bacteria. The polyclonal antisera also reacted strongly with H23 and H24 E. coli isolates. The data suggest the need to define serotype-specific epitopes among H7, H23, and H24 E. coli flagella. The anti-H7 MAbs described in this report have the potential to serve as high-quality diagnostic reagents, used either alone or in combination with O157-specific MAbs, to identify or detect E. coli O157:H7 in food products or in human and veterinary clinical specimens. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - He, Yongsheng AU - Keen, JE AU - Westerman, R B AU - Littledike, E T AU - Kwang, J AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3325 EP - 3332 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - H7 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15769511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibodies+for+detection+of+the+H7+antigen+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=He%2C+Yongsheng%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BWesterman%2C+R+B%3BLittledike%2C+E+T%3BKwang%2C+J&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Yongsheng&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; monoclonal antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bromide and nitrogen-15 tracers of nitrate leaching under irrigated corn in central Nebraska AN - 15768001; 3985637 AB - Nitrate leaching from agricultural fields into groundwater has caused environmental and health concerns. A study was conducted during 1992-1993 in the Central Platte Valley of Nebraska to assess the nitrate leaching potential under recommended center-pivot irrigation and fertilizer best management practices for continuous corn (Zea mays L.). At time of planting corn, potassium bromide (KBr) and double-labeled super(15)N ammonium nitrate (10 atom% super(15)NH sub(4) super(15)NO sub(3)) tracers were applied at rates of 200 kg Br ha super(-1) and 30 kg N ha super(-1) to four 6.1 by 3.7 m plots that were representative of major soil types on the 32.1-ha field. Soil and plants sampled 7 wk after planting and at harvest in 1992, and in the spring of 1993, were analyzed for Br and N content and a mass balance was determined. At corn harvest, 41% (81.9 kg ha super(-1)) of the applied Br loss from the top 1.2 m of soil was attributed to leaching. Also, 54% (16.2 kg ha super(-1)) of the N tracer applied was lost from the system; 41% (12.3 kg ha super(-1)) through leaching; and 13% (3.9 kg ha super(-1)) through denitrification and volatilization. By time of planting in the spring of 1993, 70% (139.3 kg ha super(-1)) of the applied Br and 46% (13.8 kg ha super(-1)) of the fertilizer N leached below 1.2 m. High negative correlations were found between soil clay and silt contents, and Br or NO sub(3) leaching. Despite use of best management practices for irrigation water and N applications, large amounts of nitrate can be lost through leaching under irrigated corn in this subhumid climate on fine- to medium-textured soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kessavalou, A AU - Doran, J W AU - Powers, W L AU - Kettler, T A AU - Qian, J H AD - USDA-ARS, 116 Keim Hall, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1008 EP - 1014 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Nebraska, Central Platte Valley KW - corn KW - bromides KW - radioactive tracers KW - agricultural practices KW - irrigation practices KW - agricultural pollution KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - irrigation KW - nitrogen KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15768001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Bromide+and+nitrogen-15+tracers+of+nitrate+leaching+under+irrigated+corn+in+central+Nebraska&rft.au=Kessavalou%2C+A%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BPowers%2C+W+L%3BKettler%2C+T+A%3BQian%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Kessavalou&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - corn; nitrates; leaching; bromides; nitrogen; radioactive tracers; agricultural practices; fertilizers; irrigation practices; irrigation; groundwater pollution; agricultural pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved cultivation systems for isolation of the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma AN - 15764016; 3981693 AB - In North America, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is often infected with the host-specific, gut-inhabiting Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS). CPBS is apparently a commensal, but it may be useful in biocontrol if it can be transformed to express an insect-lethal gene. Difficulty in cultivating the organism, however, has hindered the development of a suitable transformation system. In this study, we eliminated the need for coculturing CPBS with insect cells. CPBS was reliably isolated with the BBL Anaerobic GasPak Jar system (low redox, enhanced CO sub(2)), which was easier to use and less expensive than insect cell coculture methods. A further advantage is a reduction in contaminating insect cell components. Use of anaerobiosis should facilitate early-passage screening of isolates for extrachromosomal elements, for use in gene vector constructs. The unique spiral (decreasing amplitude of coils) morphology of CPBS was preserved by anaerobiosis. The use of low-pH (6.0 to 6.5) media allowed aerobic adaptation of CPBS to M1D and SP-4 broth media. These formulations permitted the first cultivation of CPBS on solid media, an accomplishment that will simplify the selection of molecular transformants. Potato beetles collected at four sites in Poland yielded CPBS strains similar to those previously obtained from populations in North America. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Konai, M AU - Hackett, K J AU - Williamson, D L AU - Lipa, J J AU - Pollack, J D AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Clark, E A AU - Vacek, D C AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA ARS, Rm. 214, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3453 EP - 3458 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - media (isolation) KW - spiroplasma KW - biological control KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - anaerobic conditions KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15764016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Improved+cultivation+systems+for+isolation+of+the+Colorado+potato+beetle+spiroplasma&rft.au=Konai%2C+M%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L%3BLipa%2C+J+J%3BPollack%2C+J+D%3BGasparich%2C+GE%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BVacek%2C+D+C%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Konai&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - media (isolation); biological control; anaerobic conditions; spiroplasma; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses and resistance to brucellosis in mice vaccinated orally with Brucella abortus RB51 AN - 15762890; 3980938 AB - Immune responses and resistance to infection with Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) were measured in mice following oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination with strain RB51 (SRB51). Bacteria persisted in the parotid lymph node for 4 weeks following oral vaccination of mice with 5 x 10 super(8) or 5 x 10 super(6) CFU of SRB51. Bacteria did not appear in the spleen during 12 weeks after oral vaccination, whereas they did appear in the spleen for 8 weeks following i.p. vaccination of mice with SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) or 5 x 10 super(6) CFU). Increased resistance to S2308 infection occurred at 12 to 20 weeks in mice vaccinated i.p. with SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) or 5 x 10 super(6) CFU) but occurred at 12 weeks only in mice vaccinated orally with SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) CFU). Oral SRB51 vaccination induced lower levels of antibodies to the surface antigens of intact SRB51 bacteria than did i.p. vaccination. However, neither route of vaccination induced anamnestic antibody responses to the surface antigens of intact S2308 bacteria after challenge infection of the vaccinated mice with S2308. Mice vaccinated orally with SRB51 and challenged with S2308 at 12 to 20 weeks had lower and less persistent spleen cell proliferation and production of gamma interferon in response to S2308 and certain immunodominant S2308 proteins (32 to less than or equal to 18 kDa) than did mice vaccinated i.p. with SRB51. However, mice vaccinated orally or i.p. with SRB51 and challenged with S2308 had similar spleen cell tumor necrosis factor alpha production. These results indicate that oral vaccination of mice with SRB51 was effective in inducing protective immunity to S2308 infection, although the immunity was lower and less persistent than that induced by i.p. vaccination. The lower protective immunity induced by oral vaccination may have resulted from lower and less persistent cell-mediated immunity and gamma interferon production in response to S2308 and S2308 proteins. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Palmer, M V AU - Pugh, GW Jr AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4534 EP - 4541 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15762890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+and+resistance+to+brucellosis+in+mice+vaccinated+orally+with+Brucella+abortus+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; immune response; vaccination; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of metribuzin and metabolites in two subarctic soils AN - 15761881; 3985603 AB - Persistence and leaching of super(14)C-metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethyl)- 3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] and metabolites were determined in Tanana (loamy, mixed, nonacid Pergelic Cryaquept) and Beales (sandy, mixed Typic Cryochrept) silt loam soils under irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and dryland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) conditions in the subarctic. Overall, dissipation of total super(14)C (metribuzin and metabolites) was significantly slower (P > 0.05) in Tanana than Beales soil over the first 105 d, but by 468 d, the super(14)C remaining (51% of applied) did not differ (0.05 < P) between soils. Initial degradation of metribuzin was rapid in both soils but was not significantly different between soils (0.05 < P). At 35 d after application 24% of applied metribuzin remained. At the end of the study (468 d), 5.0% of the applied metribuzin was still present. Unextractable residues accounted for the greatest amount of super(14)C remaining in the soils. Of the extractable metabolites, greater amounts of desaminometribuzin were found in both soils than diketometribuzin or desaminodiketometribuzin. More water moved through the irrigated than nonirrigated soil as evidenced by bromide movement. Also, more super(14)C moved to 15 to 22.5 cm depth in the irrigated than in the nonirrigated soil, but <1% of applied super(14)C was detected below 22.5 cm for both soils and irrigation treatments. Rapid metribuzin degradation in combination with sorption processes minimized leaching of total metribuzin residues through these subarctic surface soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Conn, J S AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Werdin, N R AU - Graham, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1048 EP - 1053 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - degradation KW - subarctic zone KW - soil temperature KW - latitudinal studies KW - soil analysis KW - fate of pollutants KW - pollutant persistence KW - soil KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - temperature KW - USA, Alaska KW - herbicides KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15761881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+metribuzin+and+metabolites+in+two+subarctic+soils&rft.au=Conn%2C+J+S%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BWerdin%2C+N+R%3BGraham%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Conn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; degradation; metabolites; leaching; subarctic zone; soil temperature; latitudinal studies; soil analysis; fate of pollutants; temperature; USA, Alaska; pollutant persistence; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: Impacts on nitrate leaching, soil water, crop yield, pests and management costs AN - 15760876; 3979432 AB - Plant-soil relationships in the surface soil layer affect other processes in agroecosystems, including crop productivity, nitrate leaching and plant-pest interactions. This study investigated the effect of altering surface soil dynamics, using a winter cover crop rotation, on biotic and abiotic characteristics of the soil profile. Two cover crop treatments, phacelia and Merced rye (Phacelia tanacetifolia cv. `Phaci', and Secale cereale cv. `Merced'), with a fallow control, were planted in November after harvest of a broccoli crop on a commercial farm site, and were incorporated using reduced tillage techniques the following March. Changes in plant and soil N pools throughout the profile were described, emphasizing nitrate (NO super(-) sub(3)-N) leaching during winter, and N availability during the subsequent broccoli crop. Changes in other aspects of the ecosystem, such as plant-pest interactions and plant disease incidence, were monitored after cover crop incorporation. The on-farm economic costs of cover cropping were calculated. There was a 65-70% reduction in nitrate leaching from the cover-cropped plots compared with the fallow control during winter, because plant roots in the surface soil removed N and water that would have otherwise been lost from the profile. Incorporation caused sudden large surges in inorganic N pools, net mineralizable N, and microbial biomass N and C in the surface soil, which subsided within 6 weeks, by the time the broccoli crop was planted, but which did result in increased yield at harvest in the phacelia cover-cropped treatment. No insect or disease problems which threatened the cash crops were introduced or increased as a result of the cover crops. The economic analysis indicated that the costs of cover cropping were minor compared with conventional winter management of fallowed fields, and compared with the cost of producing broccoli. The cover crops therefore provided a clear advantage during winter by significantly reducing nitrate leaching, but the effects of one cover crop rotation on subsequent nutrient dynamics in the surface soil were mostly short-lived and possibly masked by large fertilizer applications. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Wyland, L J AU - Jackson, LE AU - Chaney, W E AU - Klonsky, K AU - Koike, ST AU - Kimple, B AD - Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA c/o USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - 59 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - winter KW - soil moisture KW - pests KW - nitrates KW - soil water KW - crop yield KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - yield KW - cover crops KW - costs KW - leaching KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15760876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Winter+cover+crops+in+a+vegetable+cropping+system%3A+Impacts+on+nitrate+leaching%2C+soil+water%2C+crop+yield%2C+pests+and+management+costs&rft.au=Wyland%2C+L+J%3BJackson%2C+LE%3BChaney%2C+W+E%3BKlonsky%2C+K%3BKoike%2C+ST%3BKimple%2C+B&rft.aulast=Wyland&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cover crops; nitrates; yield; agricultural practices; soil water; crop yield; leaching; costs; winter; soil moisture; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigation alternatives to decrease nitrous oxides emissions and urea-nitrogen loss and their effect on methane flux AN - 15759827; 3985608 AB - Nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and methane (CH sub(4)) are greenhouse gases that are contributing to global warming potential. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important sources of anthropogenic N sub(2)O emissions. A field study was conducted to compare N-use efficiency and effect on N sub(2)O and CH sub(4) flux, of urea, urea plus the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (U + DCD), and a control release fertilizer, polyolefin coated urea (POCU) in irrigated spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northeastern Colorado. Each treatment received 90 kg urea-N ha super(-1) and microplots labeled with super(15)N-fertilizer were established. Average N sub(2)O emissions were 4.5, 5.2, 6.9, and 8.2 g N ha super(-1) d super(-1) for control, U + DCD, POCU, and urea, respectively. During the initial 21 d after fertilization, N sub(2)O emissions were reduced by 82 and 71% in the U + DCD and POCU treatments, respectively, but continued release of N fertilizer from POCU maintained higher N sub(2)O emissions through the remainder of the growing season. No treatment effect on CH sub(4) oxidation in soils was observed. Fertilizer super(15)N found 50 to 110 cm below the soil surface was lower in the POCU and U + DCD treatments. At harvest, recovery of super(15)N-fertilizer in the plant-soil system was 98, 90, and 85% from POCU, urea, and U + DCD, respectively. Grain yield was 2.2, 2.5, and 2.7 Mg ha super(-1) for POCU, urea, and U + DCD, respectively. Dicyandiamide and POCU showed the potential to be used as mitigation alternatives to decrease N sub(2)O emissions from N fertilizer and movement of N out of the root zone, but N release from POCU does need to be formulated to better match crop growth demands. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Delgado, JA AU - Mosier, A R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1105 EP - 1111 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Colorado, Northeastern KW - field tests KW - barley KW - ureas KW - fluctuations KW - crop production KW - USA, Colorado, Northeast KW - greenhouse effect KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - nitrogen compounds KW - methane KW - agriculture KW - global warming KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15759827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Mitigation+alternatives+to+decrease+nitrous+oxides+emissions+and+urea-nitrogen+loss+and+their+effect+on+methane+flux&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA%3BMosier%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen compounds; global warming; field tests; barley; ureas; fertilizers; methane; fluctuations; crop production; agriculture; greenhouse effect ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of adult nutrition and oviposition experience on longevity and attainment of full fecundity of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) AN - 15758636; 3981433 AB - The effect of different concentrations of fructose and glucose on the longevity of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Burks) was tested. Parasitoid females feeding sugar concentrations of 30% had a significantly increased longevity compared with females feeding 50 and 70% sugar solutions. Host-feeding on boll weevil larvae did not significantly increase longevity. In the absence of a carbohydrate source, host-feeding was ineffective maintaining C. grandis alive for >2.5 d. Dissections showed that C. grandis is a synovigenic and autogenous parasitoid, but providing C. grandis females with diets supplemented with amino acids and boll weevil haemolymph did not increase ooegenesis. Females with oviposition experience, on the other hand, produced 4 times as many eggs as did inexperienced females regardless of the quality of the adult diet provided. However, adult nutrition was important for egg production after host contact. Catolaccus grandis females experienced in oviposition produced significantly more eggs when a supplemental diet was provided in the absence of host-feeding opportunities. Exposure of the parasitoids to encapsulated weevil larvae for at least 2 d before the field release is recommended. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - Rojas, M G AU - King, E G AD - Biol. Pest Control Res. Unit, Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 555 EP - 563 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - fecundity KW - nutrition KW - adults KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15758636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Significance+of+adult+nutrition+and+oviposition+experience+on+longevity+and+attainment+of+full+fecundity+of+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29&rft.au=Morales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BRojas%2C+M+G%3BKing%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Morales-Ramos&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catolaccus grandis; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; adults; nutrition; oviposition; longevity; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assuring microbial and textural stability of fermented cucumbers by pH adjustment and sodium benzoate addition AN - 15758281; 3975729 AB - Acidification of fermented cucumbers with HCl prevented utilization of lactic acid and resultant rise in brine pH (accompanied by formation of butyric, propionic and acetic acids, and n-propanol by spoilage bacteria) when they were stored at 0 or 4.4% NaCl. Firmness retention of the fermented cucumbers was reduced, however, if the brine pH were less than optimum pH 3.5, which assured microbial stability and acceptable firmness retention with 4.4% NaCl. At 0% salt, pH 3.0 insured microbial stability, but resulted in unacceptable firmness. Addition of 0.1% Na benzoate reduced the need to lower pH to assure microbial stability. Results indicated that pH control could be used to reduce the need for salt to insure stability of fermented cucumbers. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Fleming, H P AU - Thompson, R L AU - McFeeters, R F AD - USDA-ARS Food Fermentation Lab., and North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv., Dep. Food Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 832 EP - 836 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0033-1147, 0033-1147 KW - sodium benzoate KW - benzoic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - fermentation KW - pH KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15758281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Assuring+microbial+and+textural+stability+of+fermented+cucumbers+by+pH+adjustment+and+sodium+benzoate+addition&rft.au=Fleming%2C+H+P%3BThompson%2C+R+L%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00331147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactobacillus plantarum; Cucumis sativus; fermentation; pH; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of Bacillus thuringiensis spores to toxicity of purified Cry proteins towards Indianmeal moth larvae AN - 15757615; 3978938 AB - The influence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 spores upon the toxicity of purified Cry1 Ab and Cry1C crystal proteins toward susceptible and BT-resistant Indianmeal moth (IMM, Plodia interpunctella) larvae was investigated. With susceptible larvae, HD-1 spores were toxic in the absence of crystal protein and highly synergistic (approximately 35- to 50-fold) with either Cry1Ab or Cry1C protein. With BT-resistant IMM larvae, HD-1 spores were synergistic with Cry1Ab and Cry1C protein in all three resistant strains examined. Synergism was highest (approximately 25- to 44-fold) in insects with primary resistance toward Cry1C (IMM larvae with resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai or entomocidus). However, HD-1 spores also synergized either Cry1Ab or Cry1C toxicity toward larvae resistant to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki at a lower level (approximately five- to sixfold). With susceptible larvae, the presence of spores reduced the time of death when combined with each of the purified Cry proteins. Without spores, the speed of intoxication and eventual death for larvae treated with Cry1C and Cry1Ab proteins was much slower than for the HD-1 preparation containing both spores and crystals together. Neither spores nor toxin dose affected the mean time of death of resistant larvae treated with either Cry1Ab or Cry1C toxins. Both Cry1Ab and Cry1C toxins appeared to reduce feeding and consequently toxin consumption. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Johnson, DE AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 54 EP - 59 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Cry toxin KW - Bacillus thuringiensis entomocidus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - toxins KW - pathogenicity KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - Noctuidae KW - Spores KW - Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15757615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+spores+to+toxicity+of+purified+Cry+proteins+towards+Indianmeal+moth+larvae&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DE%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Plodia interpunctella; Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai; Noctuidae; Spores; toxins; biological control; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal analyses of citrus tristeza virus in eastern Spain AN - 15757385; 3978918 AB - Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was monitored for up to 14 years by monoclonal antibody probes via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in five orange and grapefruit orchards with symptomless trees in Valencia and Alicante provinces, Spain. Linear, exponential, logistic, or Gompertz nonlinear temporal models were selected as the most appropriate, depending on the phase of the epidemic during the assessment period and based on correlation of observed versus predicted values and examination of the patterns of residual error. Ordinary runs analysis for within-or across-row association of CTV-positive trees indicated that the disease status of immediately adjacent trees was unpredictable. The beta-binomial index of dispersion for different quadrat sizes indicated a tendency for aggregations of infected trees at quadrat sizes of 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 CTV-positive trees in some plots, which when viewed with ordinary runs suggested the possible presence of longer distance spatial relationships. Two-dimensional distance class (2DCLASS) analysis indicated a random spatial pattern of CTV incidence and general lack of association of infection among adjacent trees. Spatio-temporal distance class (STCLASS) analysis further indicated a lack of spatial dependency among adjacent CTV-positive trees over time. Significant edge effects detected by both 2DCLASS and STCLASS analyses suggested possible spread of CTV from inoculum originating outside the area of the individual plots. Semivariograms from spatio-temporal geostatistical analyses of four directions of orientation confirmed a lack of spatial dependency of infection among adjacent or nearby trees over time. These combined spatial and temporal analyses gave some insight into possible underlying processes of CTV spread and suggested CTV spread must be predominantly to trees farther away rather than to immediately adjacent trees. If a nonrandom spatial structure of CTV incidence does exist, it may well be of a complexity beyond the detection ability of the spatial analysis methods employed or perhaps on a scale that is larger than the dimensions of the plots studied. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Cambra, M AU - Moreno, P AU - Camarasa, E AU - Piquer, J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 45 EP - 55 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Spain KW - Aphididae KW - spatial distribution KW - orchards KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Citrus tristeza virus KW - Homoptera KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15757385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+analyses+of+citrus+tristeza+virus+in+eastern+Spain&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BCambra%2C+M%3BMoreno%2C+P%3BCamarasa%2C+E%3BPiquer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus tristeza virus; Aphis gossypii; Aphididae; Homoptera; Spain; spatial distribution; orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lettuce chlorosis virus - A new whitefly-transmitted closterovirus AN - 15755829; 3978937 AB - A previously undescribed virus disease of lettuce, sugarbeets, other crop and weed hosts was found in the southwest desert regions of U.S.A. Affected lettuce and sugarbeet hosts exhibited interveinal yellowing, stunting, rolling, and brittleness of affected leaves. Since 1990, yellowing symptoms on desert lettuce and sugarbeet were shown to be induced by a mixture of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) and this previously undescribed virus termed lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV). LCV is a closterovirus with flexuous, filamentous particles 800-850 nm long. The virus is transmitted efficiently by both Bemisia biotypes. LCV differs significantly from LIYV and other previously described viruses in host range (LCV does not infect the Cucurbitaceae), insect transmission, and serology. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Duffus, JE AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Wisler, G C AU - Li, R AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 591 EP - 596 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Aleprodidae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - USA, Southwest KW - Bemisia KW - lettuce chlorosis virus KW - USA, California KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - lettuce infectious yellows virus KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - disease transmission KW - closterovirus KW - Homoptera KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15755829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Lettuce+chlorosis+virus+-+A+new+whitefly-transmitted+closterovirus&rft.au=Duffus%2C+JE%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BWisler%2C+G+C%3BLi%2C+R&rft.aulast=Duffus&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lettuce chlorosis virus; Bemisia; closterovirus; lettuce infectious yellows virus; Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii; Homoptera; USA, Southwest; USA, California; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and stability of infection by double-stranded RNA genetic elements in Aspergillus section flavi and effects on aflatoxigenicity AN - 15754478; 3980047 AB - Ninety-two isolates belonging to Aspergillus sect. flavi were analyzed for double-stranded (ds) RNA via standard cellulose chromatography. Double-stranded RNA infection was detected in fungal isolates that had been in culture for long periods (5 of 26 were infected) and in those recently isolated (5 of 66 were infected). The number of dsRNA genetic elements differed among infected isolates and no two isolates contained identical dsRNAs on the basis of electrophoretic migration in agarose gels. Addition of micronutrients to culture media affected both the amount of dsRNA produced and the number of dsRNA genetic elements detected. Attempts to cure six fungal isolates of dsRNA by serial single conidial transfer, chlorate selection for nitrogen-metabolism mutants, and cycloheximide treatment, met with variable results. The frequency at which serial single condial transfer and nitrogen-metabolism mutant (nit) selection successfully cured six Aspergillus sect. flavi isolates varied from 11 to 100% and 0 to 100%, respectively. The cycloheximide treatment was effective at curing 40% of the dsRNA-infected isolates. Comparison of aflatoxin production prior to and after dsRNA curing indicated that infection by dsRNA did not influence aflatoxin production. However, aflatoxin production by two isolates (91-031B and 91-184G) was reduced by both single conidial transfer and induction of nit mutants. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadien de Botanique AU - Elias, K S AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, B011A, Room 304, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 716 EP - 725 VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Aspergillus flavi KW - mycovirus KW - cycloheximide KW - nit gene KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - RNA KW - double-stranded KW - aflatoxins KW - V 22170:Viral infections of fungi & lower plants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15754478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+stability+of+infection+by+double-stranded+RNA+genetic+elements+in+Aspergillus+section+flavi+and+effects+on+aflatoxigenicity&rft.au=Elias%2C+K+S%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Elias&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=716&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - double-stranded; RNA; aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and expression of a synthetic wheat storage protein gene AN - 15754410; 3977138 AB - A synthetic wheat high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin storage protein gene analog was constructed for expression in E. coli. This first synthetic HMW-glutenin gene and future modifications are intended to allow systematic dissection of the molecular basis of HMW-glutenin role in the visco-elastic properties critical for wheat product processing and utilization. The design of the gene included four features: different construction strategies for the separate assembly of major polypeptide domains, the inclusion of convenient restriction sites for modifications, use of a codon selection similar to E. coli highly expressed genes, and the ability to produce repetitive sequence domains of exact numbers of defined repeats. The complete synthetic HMW-glutenin construct was 1908bp, and contained 32 identical copies of one of the HMW-glutenin repetitive domain motifs. The gene expressed the novel HMW-glutenin protein to relatively high levels in bacterial cultures and the protein exhibited the known anomalous behavior of HMW-glutenins in SDS-PAGE. JF - Gene AU - Anderson, Olin D AU - Kuhl, Joseph C AU - Tam, Angie AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 58 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 174 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - glutenin KW - storage protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - genetic engineering KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Escherichia coli KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15754410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Construction+and+expression+of+a+synthetic+wheat+storage+protein+gene&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Olin+D%3BKuhl%2C+Joseph+C%3BTam%2C+Angie&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Olin&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; Triticum aestivum; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiplex PCR for rapid identification of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from foods AN - 15754224; 3979548 AB - For rapid and specific identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 isolated from food samples, experimental conditions for a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were optimized and a multiple digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled oligonucleotide probe hybridization (DLOPH) assay was developed. A suspect colony from MacConkey sorbitol agar containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- beta -D-glucuronide (MSA-BCIG) was used for the multiplex PCR. Three different DNA sequences of E. coli O157:H7 were amplified simultaneously in the PCR: a specific fragment of an attaching and effacing gene (eae gene), conserved sequences of Shiga-like toxins (SLT) I and II, and a fragment of the 60-MDa plasmid. The identities of PCR products were confirmed by hybridization using DIG-labeled internal oligonucleotide probes and colorimetric detection with anti-DIG Fab fragments conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. This method yielded positive results with all reference strains of EHEC serogroup O157, including serotypes O157:H7, O157:NM, and O157:H super(-), and negative results were obtained with all strains of nontoxigenic E. coli serogroup O157, other serotypes of E. coli, and other bacterial species. The detection limit of the method was 65 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli O157:H7. All 29 cultures of EHEC O157:H7 isolated from meat samples and identified by biochemical and serological tests were positive in the multiplex PCR. EHEC O157:H7 was identified from all of 70 experimentally inoculated ground beef and milk samples which had initial inocula of 4 to 9 CFU/g (ml) and were subjected to a 6-h enrichment culturing. The multiplex PCR procedure could be very useful for routine examinations of food samples for the presence of EHEC O157. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Deng, MY AU - Fratamico, P M AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 570 EP - 576 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - food KW - Escherichia coli KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15754224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+multiplex+PCR+for+rapid+identification+of+Shiga-like+toxin-producing+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+isolated+from+foods&rft.au=Deng%2C+MY%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; polymerase chain reaction; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the hatch of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) eggs from Russia and the United States after exposure to different temperatures and durations of low temperature AN - 15753088; 3981424 AB - Comparisons are made of the effects of temperature and duration of low temperature on egg hatch of North American and Russian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), under controlled laboratory conditions. Percentage of hatch of embryonated eggs, days to 1st hatch after incubation at warm temperature and temporal distribution of hatch are used to compare hatch of different strains under various conditions. Eggs from 2 Russian gypsy moth strains required less exposure to low temperature to be able to hatch than did eggs from a North American strain. Hatch took longer to begin and proceeded more slowly in eggs held at constant 15 and 20 degree C. Hatch did not occur for >99% of North American and Russian eggs held at a constant 25 degree C. Substantial variation in hatch in response to low temperature exists both within and between gypsy moth strains, making adaptation to a wide range of climates possible. Variation in diapause requirements within a strain and between strains can be assessed and compared by holding eggs for 60 d at 5 degree C followed by incubation at 25 degree C. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Keena, MA AD - Northeastern Cent. for Forest Health Res., USDA-Forest Serv., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 564 EP - 572 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - hatching KW - USA KW - Lymantriidae KW - eggs KW - temperature effects KW - Russia KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+hatch+of+Lymantria+dispar+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+eggs+from+Russia+and+the+United+States+after+exposure+to+different+temperatures+and+durations+of+low+temperature&rft.au=Keena%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Keena&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Russia; USA; hatching; eggs; temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The repB gene required for production of extracellular enzymes and fluorescent siderophores in Pseudomonas viridiflava is an analog of the gacA gene of Pseudomonas syringae AN - 15753082; 3978993 AB - Two genes, designated repA and repB, are involved in the regulation of the synthesis of extracellular pectate lyase, protease, and alginate in Pseudomonas viridiflava. The repA gene has been shown to encode a protein highly homologous to several bacterial sensors in the two-component regulator family including the LemA of Pseudomonas syringae. In this study, the repB locus, initially identified in a 6.3-kb EcoRI genomic fragment of P. viridiflava, was further characterized. Results obtained from restriction mapping, deletion subclonings, and mini-Mu-LacZ fusions indicated that the repB gene was contained within a 0.8-kb HindIII-PstI region. Sequence analysis of this repB region revealed the presence of an open reading frame, which was predicted to encode a protein similar or identical to the gacA response regulator found in P. syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The repB gene of P. viridiflava also regulated the production of fluorescent siderophores, in addition to the aforementioned extracellular enzymes and alginate. The repB or gacA homologs were detected in the genomes of nine other strains of P. viridiflava, P. fluorescens, and P. syringae included in the study. The data presented here and earlier indicate that the repA/repB gene regulatory system of P. viridiflava is analogous to the lemA/gacA system of P. syringae and P. fluorescens. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Liao, C-H AU - McCallus, DE AU - Wells, J M AU - Tzean, S-S AU - Kang, G-Y AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - repB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - siderophores KW - nucleotide sequence KW - extracellular enzymes KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=The+repB+gene+required+for+production+of+extracellular+enzymes+and+fluorescent+siderophores+in+Pseudomonas+viridiflava+is+an+analog+of+the+gacA+gene+of+Pseudomonas+syringae&rft.au=Liao%2C+C-H%3BMcCallus%2C+DE%3BWells%2C+J+M%3BTzean%2C+S-S%3BKang%2C+G-Y&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C-H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas viridiflava; Pseudomonas syringae; nucleotide sequence; extracellular enzymes; siderophores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of simulated rainfall on efficacy and leaching of two formulations of fenamiphos AN - 15752464; 3978052 AB - Recoverable fenamiphos in the soil and residue in squash following different simulated rainfall treatments after nematicide application were determined in a 2-year study. Efficacy of fenamiphos also was evaluated. Fenamiphos treatments (3 SC and 15 G) were broadcast (6.7 kg a.i./ha) over plots and incorporated into the top 15 cm of soil immediately before planting 'Dixie Hybrid' squash. Simulated rainfall treatments of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 cm water were applied 1 day after fenamiphos application. Soil samples from 0- to 8-cm, 8- to 15-cm, and 15- to 30-cm soil depths were collected 1 day after the simulated rainfall applications and analyzed for fenamiphos, fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO), and fenamiphos sulfone (FSO sub(2)). Squash was analyzed for total fenamiphos residue. Greater concentrations of fenamiphos were present in the 0- to 8-cm soil layer following application of 15 G than 3 SC formulation. Simulated rainfall treatments did not alter fenamiphos concentrations in any soil layer (except for the 0- to 8-cm depth in 1992) or concentration of FSO and total fenamiphos residue in the 15- to 30-cm soil layer. Root-gall indices were greater from untreated than most fenamiphos-treated plots, but were not affected by formulations of fenamiphos or simulated rainfall treatments. Concentrations of total residue in squash ranged from 1 to 4 mu g FSO sub(2)/g. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Johnson, A W AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Sumner AD - USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Stn., Tifton, GA 31793-5401, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 379 EP - 388 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - insecticides KW - degradation KW - nematodes KW - fruit crops KW - soil analysis KW - experimental data KW - leaching KW - bioaccumulation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15752464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+simulated+rainfall+on+efficacy+and+leaching+of+two+formulations+of+fenamiphos&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+W%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BSumner&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; nematodes; simulated rainfall; leaching; experimental data; degradation; fruit crops; bioaccumulation; soil analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological diversity, niche overlap, and coexistence of antagonists used in developing mixtures for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apples AN - 15752169; 3978965 AB - A method was developed to select antagonists to be combined in mixtures that controlled blue mold of apple better than individual antagonists alone. Microorganisms selected for these mixtures were isolated from exposed apple tissue at weekly intervals over 5 weeks before harvest. The isolated microorganisms were classified and grouped into various nutritional clusters on the basis of their utilization of 95 carbon sources in Biolog plates using MicroLog and MLCLUST programs, respectively. Yeasts dominated isolations on nutrient yeast-dextrose agar at all isolation times. Bacteria were isolated only occasionally. Isolates were screened for their ability to control blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on Golden Delicious apple fruit. The most promising antagonists from different clusters were paired in subsequent tests to control blue mold, with preference given to antagonists colonizing the same fruit, secondly to those colonizing different fruit, but isolated at the same time, and finally to those colonizing different fruit at different times of isolation. Among 21 yeast antagonists tested in 13 combinations, four combinations were superior to individual antagonists. In a more extensive test, control of blue mold by a combination of antagonist isolates T5-D3 and T5-E2 was consistently superior to the individual isolates. Nutritional profiles of these antagonists, based on utilization of 35 carbon and 33 nitrogen sources, revealed significant differences in carbon catabolism. These differences caused niche differentiation and allowed populations of both antagonists to flourish in the same wound. De Wit replacement series revealed a high level of coexistence between the two antagonists. This was further confirmed by the relative yield that was close to unity at all antagonist proportions tested. Combining antagonists on the basis of niche differentiation was an effective method of improving control of postharvest blue mold, and probably also for other pre- and postharvest diseases. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 473 EP - 479 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - postharvest decay KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - niche pattern KW - biological control KW - blue mold KW - Malus domestica KW - Penicillium expansum KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15752169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Ecological+diversity%2C+niche+overlap%2C+and+coexistence+of+antagonists+used+in+developing+mixtures+for+biocontrol+of+postharvest+diseases+of+apples&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Penicillium expansum; biological control; blue mold; niche pattern ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymic conversion of malto-oligosaccharides and maltodextrin into cyclodextrin at low temperature AN - 15751966; 3972491 AB - In the presence of appropriate complexants at 5-25 degree C, maltose, maltotriose and maltohexaose were converted by Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) into beta -cyclodextrin ( beta -CD, cyclomaltoheptaose) in yields as high as 34, 49 and 66% respectively. In the absence of a complexant, yields of CD were extremely low (<2% overall); however, yields were greatly enhanced by the presence of complexants (cyclononanone, cyclodecanone and cycloundecanone) known to be highly selective for beta -CD. Many of the complexants that enhance CD production from starch or maltodextrin failed to enhance CD production from maltose. An investigation of the influence of molecular size and geometry of alkyl alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons on CD production from maltodextrin at low temperature revealed that all C sub(2)-C sub(14) alcohols and all C sub(3)-C sub(15) hydrocarbons enhance overall CD yield. While all of the hydrocarbons were highly selective for beta -CD, the selectivity of the alcohols varied according to chain length and degree of branching, with no alcohol enhancing the yield of gamma -CD. With the exception of propan-l-ol, straight-chain alcohols with eight or fewer carbon atoms strongly favoured beta -CD production; those with more than eight carbon atoms favoured alpha -CD production. Highest yields of alpha -CD (49-53%) were obtained with C sub(9)-C sub(12) alkan-l-ols. With the exception of n-butane, the use of which provided beta -CD yields as high as 59%, use of branched hydrocarbons and branched alcohols resulted in beta -CD yields (58-64%) higher than those obtained with the corresponding unbranched compounds. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - maltodextrin KW - malto-oligosaccharides KW - cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase KW - cyclodextrins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacillus macerans KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enzymic+conversion+of+malto-oligosaccharides+and+maltodextrin+into+cyclodextrin+at+low+temperature&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus macerans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alfalfa, a non-host of pea enation mosaic virus in Washington State AN - 15751751; 3975689 AB - Extensive surveys were conducted in Washington State during a 6-yr period between 1988 and 1994 in an attempt to locate reservoirs of pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV). Many of the peas (Pisum sativum L.), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), lentils (Lens culinaris Medic.), or faba beans (Vicia faba L.) collected during the survey, and which expressed symptoms of virus infection, tested positive for PEMV when assayed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PEMV could not, however, be detected by ELISA in any of 3230 alfalfa samples collected from eight counties in Washington State, even when samples were taken from alfalfa fields adjacent to infected pea, lentil, or chickpea fields where the virus was present. Dot blot hybridizations using a 4556 nucleotide cDNA fragment of PEMV RNA 1 containing the coat protein region produced strong reactions with positive controls, and did not detect the virus in 597 alfalfa samples tested in 1994. Fifty-six attempts to transmit PEMV into and out of alfalfa by aphid and mechanical transmissions were unsuccessful, while successful transmissions to and from pea and faba bean, or chickpea were made routinely. Our inability to detect PEMV in, or transmit the virus to alfalfa suggests that alfalfa is not currently a host. The overwintering epidemiologically significant reservoir host(s) of PEMV in the Pacific Northwest remains unknown. JF - Canadian Journal of Plant Science/Revue Canadienne de Phytotechnie AU - Larsen, R C AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Klein, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Irrigated Agric. Res. and Extension Cent., Washington State Univ., 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350-9687, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 521 EP - 524 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0008-4220, 0008-4220 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - host plants KW - Lens culinaris KW - Pisum sativum KW - pea enation mosaic virus KW - USA, Washington KW - overwintering KW - Vicia faba KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Plant+Science%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Phytotechnie&rft.atitle=Alfalfa%2C+a+non-host+of+pea+enation+mosaic+virus+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+C%3BKaiser%2C+W+J%3BKlein%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Plant+Science%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Phytotechnie&rft.issn=00084220&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pea enation mosaic virus; Pisum sativum; Cicer arietinum; Lens culinaris; Vicia faba; USA, Washington; overwintering; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Censusing double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at their winter roosts in the delta region of Mississippi AN - 15750436; 3974254 AB - Wintering double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were censused at all identified night roost sites in the Delta region of Mississippi during the winters of 1991-92 and 1992-93 using aerial surveys and systematic ground surveys in mid-December, mid-February and the end of March. Aerial surveys of primary river drainages were particularly useful in locating previously unidentified roost sites and aerial counts were highly correlated with ground counts of the same sites taken within eight days of each other. Despite an increase in monitoring effort and shifts in populations due to human disturbance, there were no significant differences detected in cormorant populations wintering in this region over the past four years. However, mid-February counts were significantly higher than either December or March counts and numbered approximately 30,000 plus or minus 2,000 individuals. Although up to 34 sites have been monitored to conduct these censuses, only between six and twelve sites were active (having >100 birds) at any one time. Although these are not always the same sites, six sites had a significantly higher frequency of occupancy than others, and lack of occupancy of these primary sites appeared to be associated with the occupancy of nearby alternative sites. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - Glahn, J F AU - May, A AU - Bruce, K AU - Reinhold, D AD - Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., USDA/APHIS/Animal Damage Control, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 73 EP - 81 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi Delta KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi, Mississippi Delta KW - aquatic birds KW - fish culture KW - population status KW - roosts KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Freshwater KW - predators KW - winter KW - USA, Mississippi KW - seasonal variations KW - population dynamics KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15750436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Censusing+double-crested+cormorants+%28Phalacrocorax+auritus%29+at+their+winter+roosts+in+the+delta+region+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Glahn%2C+J+F%3BMay%2C+A%3BBruce%2C+K%3BReinhold%2C+D&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; winter; fish culture; seasonal variations; population dynamics; predators; roosts; population status; Phalacrocorax auritus; USA, Mississippi; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectious Enterococcus from Heliothis virescens x H. subflexa backcross hybrids (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15748176; 3972487 AB - Plating assays have revealed the presence of a bacterium in extracts of tissues from backcross hybrid insects, derived from crosses between Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa, a bacterium found rarely and in much lower abundance in either of the 2 parent species. The bacterium is primarily localized within the gut but is also consistently recovered in small numbers from other somatic and germinal tissues. Fatty acid profile analyses and the sequence of its 16s ribosomal RNA indicate that the bacterium is an Enterococcus related to Enterococcus sulfureus and E. casseliflavus, species that previously have been encountered in insects and on plant tissues. Injection of the Enterococcus into H. virescens hosts results in the establishment of a bacterial infection similar to that of naturally infected backcross hybrids in terms of tissue distribution and relative magnitude among tissues. Like backcross hybrid males, almost 90% of H. virescens male moths infected as larvae were sterile in single pair test matings. The inability to either rescue male fertility in backcross lines cured of the Enterococcus or to observe characteristic abnormalities in sperm ultrastructure, however, casts doubt on the likelihood that this microorganism is the proximate cause of male sterility in backcross hybrid insects. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Miller, S G AU - Miller, R D AD - Insect Attractants, Behavior and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 420 EP - 427 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pathogens KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - Lepidoptera KW - infection KW - Enterococcus sulfureus KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Enterococcus casseliflavus KW - sterility KW - hybrids KW - bacteria KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15748176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Infectious+Enterococcus+from+Heliothis+virescens+x+H.+subflexa+backcross+hybrids+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+G%3BMiller%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Enterococcus sulfureus; Enterococcus casseliflavus; infection; bacteria; hybrids; pathogens; sterility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diet on longevity and fecundity of the spined stilt bug, Jalysus wickhami AN - 15747995; 3975170 AB - We evaluated the suitability of selected food items for the adult spined stilt bug, Jalysus wickhami Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Berytidae), by providing one of seven diet treatments: (1) prepupae of the parasitoid, Cotesia congregata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on a leaf of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., 'NC 2326') (Solanaceae); (2) C. congregata prepupae alone (i.e., no tobacco leaf); (3) eggs of the parasitoid's host, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), on a tobacco leaf; (4) M. sexta eggs alone; (5) tobacco aphids, Myzus nicotianae Blackman (Homoptera: Aphididae), on a tobacco leaf; (6) a tobacco leaf alone; and (7) no prey and no tobacco. A tobacco leaf was necessary for the long-term survival of stilt bugs, but prey source did not affect longevity. Regardless of the prey type, stilt bugs with access to a tobacco leaf lived 21-23 days, while stilt bugs without access to tobacco lived less than 12 days. Animal prey provided a protein source required for egg deposition in J. wickhami, and prey species differed in their relative nutritive values. Female stilt bugs that fed on M. sexta eggs or on C. congregata prepupae were significantly more fecund (102 and 106 nymphs per female, respectively) than females that fed on tobacco aphids (24 nymphs per female). Results suggest that stilt bugs may feed on tobacco aphids and C. congregata prepupae when other prey are unavailable. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Jackson, D M AU - Kester, K M AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Vegetable Lab., 2875 Savannah Hwy., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 421 EP - 425 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diets KW - Berytidae KW - Hemiptera KW - fecundity KW - Jalysus wickhami KW - longevity KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15747995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diet+on+longevity+and+fecundity+of+the+spined+stilt+bug%2C+Jalysus+wickhami&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D+M%3BKester%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Jalysus wickhami; Hemiptera; Berytidae; diets; longevity; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of weed seeds and seed pathogen propagates in composted grass seed straw AN - 15730234; 230194 AB - Seeds of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), and propagules of two fungal pathogens of grass Gloeotinia temulenta (blindseed) and Claviceps purpurea (ergot) were placed in mesh packets and inserted into compost windrows of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) straw. Compost treatments included three types of straw, two methods of turning, and three depths of seed or propagule placement. Packets were inserted to depths of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m (1, 2, and 3 ft) and corresponding internal compost temperatures were recorded weekly. Windrows were turned either zero, two, four, or six times over eight months. During the 1992-1993 season, windrows were turned with a commercial straddle-type compost turner and in the 1993-1994 season, windrows were turned with a tractor front-end loader. Composting proceeded without addition of nitrogen except for that present in the straw and without water beyond normal rainfall. Survival of weed seeds and pathogen propagules decreased with numbers of turns, but was not related to straw collection method, depth of packet placement, or method of turning. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Churchill, D B AU - Alderman, S C AU - Mueller-Warrant, G W AU - Elliott, L F AU - Bilsland, D M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 57 EP - 63 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Agricultural machinery KW - Composted grass seed straw KW - Crop residue KW - Seed pathogens KW - Straddle type compost turner KW - Temperature KW - Tractor front end loader KW - Windrows KW - Wood seeds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fungi KW - Rain KW - Composting KW - Water KW - Crops KW - W4 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 443.3:PRECIPITATION KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 821.5:AGRICULTURAL WASTES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Survival+of+weed+seeds+and+seed+pathogen+propagates+in+composted+grass+seed+straw&rft.au=Churchill%2C+D+B%3BAlderman%2C+S+C%3BMueller-Warrant%2C+G+W%3BElliott%2C+L+F%3BBilsland%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Rain; Composting; Crops; Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Header loss for Shelbourne Reynolds stripper-header harvesting wheat AN - 15730187; 230187 AB - Field tests were conducted to evaluate header grain loss for a combine equipped with a 3.7 m (12 ft) wide Shelbourne Reynolds stripper-header harvesting wheat. Eight tests were conducted over two years in the Columbia Plateau and Northern Great Plains. Hard red spring and winter wheat were harvested near Sidney, Montana, and soft white wheat was harvested near Pendleton and Moro, Oregon. Combine speed, stripper rotor speed, and stripper hood position were evaluated at these locations where grain yield ranged from 2 000 to 6 200 kg/ha (30 to 92 bu/acre). Losses ranged from 50 to over 500 kg/ha (0.74 to over 7.4 bu/acre). Header loss decreased with increased combine speed and decreased hood clearance, but stripper rotor speed had little influence on header loss. A stripper-header combine traveling over 7 km/h (4.3 mile/h) had comparable header loss to combines with cutter-bar headers traveling at 1.3 to 4.4 km/h (0.8 to 2.7 mile/h). JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Wilkins, DE AU - Douglas, CLJr AU - Pikul, JLJr AD - USDA-ARS, Pendleton, OR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 159 EP - 162 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Combines KW - Grain (agricultural product) KW - Header grain loss KW - Plants (botany) KW - Shatter KW - Shelbourne Reynolds stripper header KW - Wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Harvesting KW - W4 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Header+loss+for+Shelbourne+Reynolds+stripper-header+harvesting+wheat&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+DE%3BDouglas%2C+CLJr%3BPikul%2C+JLJr&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Harvesting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of genetic modification on the content and composition of bioactive constituents in soybean oil super(1) AN - 15719920; 225668 AB - The content and composition of tocopherols, sterols, and phospholipids in soybean oils derived from genetically-modified soybeans were determined by normal and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Tocopherol content was lowered in oils from soybeans selected to yield high palmitate and stearate contents. However, beta -tocopherol, which amounts to less than 1 ppm in control oils, was increased to 25-53 ppm in these oils. Sterol content was higher in one reduced-linolenate oil, which also had the highest oleate content. The greatest variability was observed in the content of beta -sitosterol, which ranged from 46.9-151.6 mg/100/g in the modified oils. Although, in general, there was little impact on the phospholipids, the content of phosphatidic acid was elevated in crude oils from three of the lines. Increases in phosphatidic acid are generally associated with storage deterioration of soybeans. Individual major classes of phospholipid were isolated, and the molecular species composition of each was determined. Compositional variations in molecular species indicated that there was an impact of the genetic modification of soybeans at the molecular level of the phospholipids that are primary plant cell components. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Mounts, T L AU - Abidi, S L AU - Rennick, KA AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 581 EP - 586 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Crude petroleum KW - Genetic modification KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Molecular structure KW - Palmitate KW - Phosphatidic acid KW - Phospholipids KW - Plants (botany) KW - Soybean oil KW - Stearate KW - Sterols KW - Tocopherols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genes KW - Gas chromatography KW - Cells KW - Lipids KW - Composition KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 523:LIQUID FUELS KW - W4 461.8.1:GENETIC ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15719920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Effect+of+genetic+modification+on+the+content+and+composition+of+bioactive+constituents+in+soybean+oil+super%281%29&rft.au=Mounts%2C+T+L%3BAbidi%2C+S+L%3BRennick%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Mounts&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genes; Cells; Gas chromatography; Lipids; Composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic activity of lipases toward hydroxy fatty acids - a review AN - 15719329; 225664 AB - Hydroxy fatty acids, derived from several natural and synthetic sources, have many applications. Lipases have been employed to catalyze reactions involving hydroxy acids to narrowly shape the product distribution via their regio- and stereoselectivities. This manuscript reviews the action of lipase on hydroxy acids and their derivatives. The formation of estolides or lactones by lipase-catalyzed reactions depends strongly on the position of the hydroxyl moiety on the hydroxy acyl group and slightly on the hydroxy acid chainlength and concentration. Pseudomonas sp. and porcine pancreatic lipases are the most useful for catalyzing formation of optically pure lactones, while lipases lacking positional selectivity catalyze estolide formation best. The product distribution of lipase-catalyzed esterification between hydroxy- and nonhydroxy-acyl groups is strongly dependent on the lipase type. Lipase-catalyzed reactions between hydroxy acids and alcohols yield hydroxy esters, not estolides, as the major product. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hayes, Douglas G AD - USDA, Peoria, IL, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 543 EP - 549 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Enantioselectivity KW - Estolides KW - Hydroxy fatty acids KW - Inorganic acids KW - Lactones KW - Lipases KW - Stereoselectivity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Derivatives KW - Esterification KW - Enzymes KW - Molecules KW - Esters KW - Catalysis KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 931.3:ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15719329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Catalytic+activity+of+lipases+toward+hydroxy+fatty+acids+-+a+review&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Douglas+G&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Derivatives; Esterification; Enzymes; Molecules; Esters; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An introduction to digital methods in remote sensing of forested ecosystems: Focus on the Pacific Northwest, USA AN - 15702918; 3969037 AB - Aerial photography has been routinely used for several decades by natural resource scientists and managers to map and monitor the condition of forested landscapes. Recently, along with the emergence of concepts in managing forests as ecosystems, has come a significant shift in emphasis from smaller to larger spatial scales and the widespread use of geographic information systems. These developments have precipitated an increasing need for vegetation information derived from other remote sensing imagery, especially digital data acquired from high-elevation aircraft and satellite platforms. This paper introduces fundamental concepts in digital remote sensing and describes numerous applications of the technology. The intent is to provide a balanced, nontechnical view, discussing the shortcomings, successes, and future potential for digital remote sensing of forested ecosystems. JF - Environmental Management AU - Cohen, W B AU - Kushla, J D AU - Ripple, W J AU - Garman, S L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 421 EP - 425 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem analysis KW - geographic information systems KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - data processing KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15702918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+digital+methods+in+remote+sensing+of+forested+ecosystems%3A+Focus+on+the+Pacific+Northwest%2C+USA&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W+B%3BKushla%2C+J+D%3BRipple%2C+W+J%3BGarman%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pacific Northwest; forests; ecosystem analysis; geographic information systems; data processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect infestations and incidence of western gall rust among ponderosa pine sources grown in the central Great Plains AN - 15700991; 3968557 AB - Six seed sources in two 22-yr-old ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa variety scopulorum Engelmann, provenance plantings in Hastings, NE, and Alliance, NE, were evaluated for abundance of Rhyacionia bushnelli, Retinia metallica, Dioryctria spp., and Peridermium harknessii. The 6 sources were selected for this study based on superior growth and previous susceptibility or nonsusceptibility to the aforementioned insects and pathogen. Infestation levels per tree and per branch, and proportion of infested tips were used to evaluate the influence of source on pest abundance. Abundance of the pests varied with planting. In both plantings, R. bushnelli abundance was lower on the 3 taller sources (720, 721, 757) than on the 3 shorter sources (764, 833, 835) similar to what was observed previously. The abundance of current and old R. metallica was low in both plantings and did not vary with source. At the Alliance planting, taller sources had more total Dioryctria spp. than shorter sources. P. harknessii galls were present on every sampled tree in the Hastings planting and occurred only on a few trees sampled at Alliance, but no source differences were detected. Abundance of R. bushnelli was positively correlated with previous-year R. metallica at Alliance and current-year R. metallica at Alliance and negatively correlated with P. harknessii abundance at Hastings. Interactions among environmental, host, and insect factors probably account for these correlations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dix, ME AU - Harrell, M AU - Klopfenstein, N B AU - Barkhouse, K AU - King, R AU - Lawson, R AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., Natl. Agroforestry Cent., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0822, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 611 EP - 617 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Rhyacionia bushnelli KW - Retinia metallica KW - Peridermium harknessii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - infestation KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tortricidae KW - USA KW - incidence KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15700991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Insect+infestations+and+incidence+of+western+gall+rust+among+ponderosa+pine+sources+grown+in+the+central+Great+Plains&rft.au=Dix%2C+ME%3BHarrell%2C+M%3BKlopfenstein%2C+N+B%3BBarkhouse%2C+K%3BKing%2C+R%3BLawson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dix&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Pyralidae; USA; infestation; incidence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of resistant honey bee hosts on the life history of the parasite Acarapis woodi AN - 15698496; 3968627 AB - Non-infested, young adult honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) of two stocks were exposed to tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi (Rennie)) in infested colonies to determine how divergent levels of susceptibility in host bees differentially affect components of the mite life history. Test bees were retrieved after exposure and dissected to determine whether resistance is founded on the reduced success of gravid female (foundress) mites to enter the host tracheae, on the suppressed reproduction by foundress mites once established in host tracheae or on both. Cohorts of 30-60 bees from each of ten resistant colonies and eight susceptible colonies were tested in eight trials (three to five colonies per stock per trial) having exposure durations of 4, 9 or 21 days. The principal results were that lower percentages of resistant bees than of susceptible bees routinely became infested by foundress mites, individual infested susceptible bees often had more foundress mites than individual infested resistant bees did and mite fecundity was similar in both host types. The infestation percentage results corresponded well with similar results from a prior field test of these stocks and, thus, suggest that the bioassay is useful for assessing honey bee resistance to A. woodi. JF - Experimental and Applied Acarology AU - Danka, R G AU - Villa, J D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Honey Bee Breeding, Genet. and Physiol. Lab., 1157 Ben Hur Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 313 EP - 322 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acarapis woodi KW - life history KW - Apis mellifera KW - parasitism KW - Tarsonemidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Acari KW - Apidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+resistant+honey+bee+hosts+on+the+life+history+of+the+parasite+Acarapis+woodi&rft.au=Danka%2C+R+G%3BVilla%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Danka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acarapis woodi; Acari; Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; Tarsonemidae; parasitism; life history ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro analysis of the role of glucose oxidase from Talaromyces flavus in biocontrol of the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae AN - 15698233; 3970775 AB - Culture filtrates from Talaromyces flavus grown on glucose contained high levels of glucose oxidase activity, while culture filtrates from T. flavus grown on xylan contained negligible glucose oxidase activity. Culture filtrates from T. flavus grown on both media contained complex protein profiles. However, only culture filtrates from T. flavus grown on glucose inhibited germination of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in in vitro inhibition assays. A polyclonal antiserum preparation, pABGO-1, raised against purified glucose oxidase from T. flavus was highly specific for glucose oxidase. Only one protein band in culture filtrates (from glucose medium), migrating at 71 kDa, was detected in Western blots (immunoblots) with this antiserum. This band comigrated with purified glucose oxidase. No bands were detected in culture filtrates from the xylan medium. Glucose oxidase was removed via immunoprecipitation from culture filtrates of T. flavus grown in glucose medium, resulting in filtrates which no longer inhibited in vitro microsclerotial germination. When glucose oxidase-depleted filtrates were amended with purified glucose oxidase from T. flavus, the ability to kill microsclerotia in vitro was restored to original levels. We conclude that glucose oxidase is the only protein in culture filtrates of T. flavus responsible for inhibition of germination of microsclerotia of V. dahliae. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stosz, S K AU - Fravel AU - Roberts, D P AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., U.S.D.A., Agric. Res. Serv., Rm. 275, Bldg. 011-A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3183 EP - 3186 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - glucose oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Talaromyces flavus KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+analysis+of+the+role+of+glucose+oxidase+from+Talaromyces+flavus+in+biocontrol+of+the+plant+pathogen+Verticillium+dahliae&rft.au=Stosz%2C+S+K%3BFravel%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Stosz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Talaromyces flavus; Verticillium dahliae; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of stream width for determining the dosage rates of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for larval black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) control AN - 15698105; 3970967 AB - Data from several operational black fly abatement programs using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) in New York State's Adirondack Mountains were analyzed to determine what the concentration of formulation in the stream might have been if application rates were determined by a stream's width rather than its discharge. There was a high correlation (vertical barRvertical bar = 0.87) between discharge and width measured at 315 treatment sites. Had the applications been based upon the stream width, 96% of the actual concentrations in the streams would have been within plus or minus a factor of 5 and none exceeding a factor of 10, a range in which B.t.i remains environmentally safe and effective. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Undeen, AH AU - Molloy, D P AD - Med. and Veterinary Entomol. Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, P. O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 312 EP - 315 VL - 12 IS - 2 part 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - pesticide applications KW - Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis KW - dose-response effects KW - Diptera KW - Simuliidae KW - biological control KW - chemcontrol KW - aquatic insects KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - USA, New York KW - streams KW - pesticides KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Use+of+stream+width+for+determining+the+dosage+rates+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+var.+israelensis+for+larval+black+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Simuliidae%29+control&rft.au=Undeen%2C+AH%3BMolloy%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Undeen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2+part+1&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; Diptera; Simuliidae; streams; pesticides; chemcontrol; aquatic insects; USA, New York; USA, New York, Adirondack Mts.; pesticide applications; dose-response effects; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host choice of late instar gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) between loblolly pine and sweetgum AN - 15697638; 3968578 AB - Host choice of late instar (L4-L6) gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), was evaluated using stems and foliage of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua L. Upon release as 4th instars, larvae were free to roam within arenas, where their location was recorded several times per day until all had pupated. The number of larvae on a particular host species was highly dependent on larval age. After release into experimental arenas, there was nearly unidirectional movement from loblolly pine to sweetgum, resulting in 75% of larvae being found on this host after 4 d. Sweetgum remained the preferred host for most of the larval stage; however, as larvae neared pupation there was strong movement to loblolly pine, which was preferred over sweetgum approximately 3 to 1 for pupation. The initial host of release had no effect on larval host-choice for pupation. Host sequence, defined by host of release and host of pupation, affected larval duration and pupal weight only in the following cases. Insects that began and pupated on loblolly pine developed at a slower rate and weighed less than those that began and pupated on sweetgum. Individuals that switched hosts for pupation generally were not significantly different (in pupal weight or development time) from either of these. Implications of the observed pattern of host use, especially the overwhelming choice of loblolly pine for pupation, on gypsy moth interactions with natural enemies in the southeastern United States are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Strom, B L AU - Hain, F P AD - Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hgwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 603 EP - 610 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - instar KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - host selection KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15697638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+choice+of+late+instar+gypsy+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+between+loblolly+pine+and+sweetgum&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BHain%2C+F+P&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; Pinus taeda; Liquidambar styraciflua; host selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of fusarium wilt of watermelon by nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other microorganisms recovered from a disease-suppressive soil AN - 15696721; 3968809 AB - Nearly 400 microorganism isolates, including bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, were collected from watermelon roots growing in soils suppressive and nonsuppressive to Fusarium wilt of watermelon. These isolates were screened for their ability to restore suppressiveness to microwave-treated suppressive soil and to reduce disease incidence in conducive field soil. Specific isolates of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum from suppressive soil were the only organisms consistently effective in reducing disease (35 to 75% reduction) in both microwave-treated and natural field soils. Thus, we concluded that F. oxysporum was the primary antagonist responsible for suppression in this suppressive soil, although other organisms may contribute to suppressiveness. Selected isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in reducing disease when added to field soils at inoculum levels as low as 50 to 100 chlamydospores per g of soil, which was comparable to or below pathogen inoculum levels (100 to 200 CFU/ g of soil). Root colonization data indicated that reduction of disease was not directly related to the ability of the antagonist to colonize roots extensively or to reduce colonization by the pathogen. Effective antagonists were not associated with specific vegetative compatibility groups, indicating antagonists represent diverse isolates. In split-root experiments, in which the antagonist and the pathogen were physically separated from each other, root colonization by selected isolates of F. oxysporum reduced disease incidence, verifying the mechanism of action as induced systemic resistance. Several isolates of F. oxysporum from this suppressive soil have potential for development as biocontrol agents. JF - Phytopathology AU - Larkin, R P AU - Hopkins, D L AU - Martin, F N AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 812 EP - 819 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - wilt KW - Fusarium KW - biological control KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15696721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+fusarium+wilt+of+watermelon+by+nonpathogenic+Fusarium+oxysporum+and+other+microorganisms+recovered+from+a+disease-suppressive+soil&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P%3BHopkins%2C+D+L%3BMartin%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium; biological control; wilt ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a PCR-based method for identification of Tilletia indica, causal agent of karnal bunt of wheat AN - 15693844; 3958552 AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify Tilletia indica, the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat. The method used two sets of oligonucleotide primers developed by sequence analysis of cloned DraI fragments of mitochondrial DNA of T. indica. The primer pair TI17M1 (5'-TCCCCTTGGATCAGAACGTA-3') and TI17M2 (5'-AGAAGTCTAACTCCCCCCTCT-3'), derived from clone pTI-MD17, amplified a single 825-bp product from all isolates of T. indica and no products for other Tilletia spp. In addition, the primer pair TI57M1 (5'-TTTTCCCTCTCTCCTTTTTTCA-3') and TI57M2 (5'-AGCAAAGACAAAGTAGGCTTCC-3'), derived from clone pTI-MD57, produced a product of 118 bp which was unique to T. indica. Specificity of the primers was evaluated using 78 isolates of T. indica and 79 isolates of five other Tilletia spp., including 69 isolates of T. barclayana, from geographically diverse locations. The specificity of amplification products for T. indica was confirmed by Southern-blot hybridization using pTI-MD17 or pTI-MD57 as super(32)P-labeled probes. The method also employed a control PCR assay that used primers to conserved binding sites that amplified an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA reported in the literature for several groups of fungi. All Tilletia spp. produced a 420-bp product using the primers ITS3 and ITS4 in the control assay. These results demonstrated that the negative PCR results obtained with T. barclayana and other Tilletia spp. using T. indica-specific primers were not associated with mycelial DNA degradation or the presence of PCR inhibitors. Using teliospores germinated from a seed wash extraction method of infested grain, we demonstrated that T. indica can be reliably detected at an infestation level of five teliospores per 50-g grain sample. JF - Phytopathology AU - Smith, O P AU - Peterson, G L AU - Beck, R J AU - Schaad, N W AU - Bonde, M R AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 115 EP - 122 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - bunt KW - Tilletia indica KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - Triticum aestivum KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15693844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+PCR-based+method+for+identification+of+Tilletia+indica%2C+causal+agent+of+karnal+bunt+of+wheat&rft.au=Smith%2C+O+P%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BBeck%2C+R+J%3BSchaad%2C+N+W%3BBonde%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilletia indica; Triticum aestivum; bunt; polymerase chain reaction; mitochondrial DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binomial sampling plans for estimating and classifying population density of adult Bemisia tabaci in cotton AN - 15693674; 3961872 AB - We used an empirical relationship to develop models for estimating and for classifying the population density of adult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in cotton based on the proportion of infested leaves. We examined models based on tally thresholds (the minimum number of insects present before a leaf is considered infested) of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 adults per fifth mainstem node leaf from the terminal. For the estimation of density, sampling precision (SE/mean) increased with higher tally thresholds (T); however, there was negligible improvement in precision with T greater than or equal to 3 adults per leaf. Using T = 3 as few as 30 samples were necessary to achieve a precision of 0.25 over a wide range of population densities. To evaluate these binomial models for the classification of population density for pest management application, we used simulation analyses to determine operating characteristic curves (error probabilities), and to estimate average sample size and cost functions. Error probabilities and average sample sizes declined with higher values of T, but there was negligible decline in error probabilities using T greater than or equal to 3 adults per leaf, and the overall cost of sampling was lowest for T = 3. Wald's sequential probability ratio test was used to formulate sequential sampling stop lines for classifying population density relative to two nominal action thresholds, 5 or 10 adults per leaf. Simulation analysis indicated that by using T = 3, fewer than 30 samples, on average, were needed to classify populations relative to either action threshold. However, simulated error probabilities consistently exceeded the nominal error probabilities used to initially formulate sequential sampling stop lines regardless of the tally threshold. Comparing binomial models using T = 1 or T = 3 to independent data from four field sites, the model for T = 1 was generally biased towards overprediction of mean density, but the T = 3 model was a robust and relatively unbiased predictor of mean density. The binomial sampling plans presented here should permit the rapid estimation of population density and enhance the efficiency of pest management programs based on the prescriptive suppression of B. tabaci in cotton. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Flint, H M AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 343 EP - 353 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - population density KW - Gossypium KW - models KW - sampling KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15693674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Binomial+sampling+plans+for+estimating+and+classifying+population+density+of+adult+Bemisia+tabaci+in+cotton&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BFlint%2C+H+M%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Bemisia tabaci; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; models; sampling; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water activity and other factors that affect the viability of Colletotrichum truncatum conidia in wheat flour-kaolin granules ('Pesta') AN - 15691040; 3962221 AB - Optimization of shelf-life is critically important for biocontrol products containing living microorganisms. Conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum, a fungal pathogen of the weed, hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), were produced in shake flasks (corn meal-soya flour medium) and on Emerson Yp Ss agar and formulated in wheat flour-kaolin granules ('Pesta'). The granules were conditioned at water activities of 0, 0.12, 0.33, 0.53 and 0.75 during storage at 25 degree C over desiccant or saturated salt solutions. The longest shelf-life (conidial inoculum viability) was found in samples in the water activity range 0-0.33, where the water was bound by the matrix and not readily available to the fungus. At a water activity of 0.12, granules were 100% viable (on water agar) for at least 24 weeks, and were 87% viable after 1 year. Sucrose (5% w/w) partially counteracted the detrimental effect of high water activity on the shelf-life of C. truncatum when incorporated in the granules. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Daigle, D J AU - Boyette, C D AU - Williams, K S AU - Vinyard, B T AU - Quimby, PC Jr AD - SRRC, USDA, ARS, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 277 EP - 284 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - water activity KW - herbicides KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03069:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15691040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Water+activity+and+other+factors+that+affect+the+viability+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum+conidia+in+wheat+flour-kaolin+granules+%28%27Pesta%27%29&rft.au=Connick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BDaigle%2C+D+J%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BWilliams%2C+K+S%3BVinyard%2C+B+T%3BQuimby%2C+PC+Jr&rft.aulast=Connick&rft.aufirst=WJ&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata; biological control; herbicides; water activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping surface soil moisture using an aircraft-based passive microwave instrument: Algorithm and example AN - 15691014; 3962229 AB - Microwave remote sensing at L-band (21 cm wavelength) can provide a direct measurement of the surface soil moisture for a range of cover conditions and within reasonable error bounds. Surface soil moisture observations are rare and, therefore, the use of these data in hydrology and other disciplines has not been fully explored or developed. Without satellite-based observing systems, the only way to collect these data in large-scale studies is with an aircraft platform. Recently, aircraft systems such as the push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR) and the electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR) have been developed to facilitate such investigations. In addition, field experiments have attempted to collect the passive microwave data as part of an integrated set of hydrologic data. One of the most ambitious of these investigations was the Washita'92 experiment. Preliminary analysis of these data has shown that the microwave observations are indicative of deterministic spatial and temporal variations in the surface soil moisture. Users of these data should be aware of a number of issues related to using aircraft-based systems and practical approaches to applying soil moisture estimation algorithms to large data sets. This paper outlines the process of mapping surface soil moisture from an aircraft-based passive microwave radiometer system for the Washita'92 experiment. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Jackson, T J AU - Le Vine, DE AD - USDA ARS Hydrol. Lab., 104 Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 EP - 99 VL - 184 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - soil water KW - satellite technology KW - hydrologic data KW - aircraft KW - mapping KW - algorithms KW - microwaves KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15691014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Mapping+surface+soil+moisture+using+an+aircraft-based+passive+microwave+instrument%3A+Algorithm+and+example&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BLe+Vine%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Soil moisture theories and observations. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mapping; soil water; aircraft; microwaves; algorithms; hydrology; satellite technology; hydrologic data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on striped pine scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) populations AN - 15689392; 3961865 AB - Loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., were banded in three seed orchards in Georgia to prevent the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), from tending infestations of striped pine scales, Toumeyella pini (King). Ant activity had no effect on female scale insect survival as numbers per shoot were never significantly different between check and banded trees in any of the orchards. Parasitism of females rarely differed between treatments, with higher rates twice in one orchard on unbanded trees and once in another orchard on banded trees. There also appeared to be no treatment effects on predator numbers. Coincident populations of the mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) and the woolly pine scale, Pseudophilippia quaintancii Cockerell, on the shoots also were unaffected by the presence of fire ants. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Clarke AU - DeBarr, G L AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 239 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Toumeyella pini KW - pest outbreak KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - interspecific relationships KW - Formicidae KW - USA, Georgia KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15689392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+red+imported+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+on+striped+pine+scale+%28Homoptera%3A+Coccidae%29+populations&rft.au=Clarke%3BDeBarr%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; USA, Georgia; interspecific relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of an extracellular polysaccharide by Agrobacterium sp DS3 NRRL B-14297 isolated from soil AN - 15687610; 3965900 AB - A bacterium isolated from soil and identified as Agrobacterium sp produced a water-soluble polysaccharide capable of producing highly viscous solutions. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed a sugar composition of glucose, galactose and mannose in the molar ratio of 7.5 : 2.4 : 1, together with 3.7% (w/w) pyruvic acid. Methylation analyses showed the presence of (1 arrow right 3)-, (1 arrow right 4)- and (1 arrow right 6)-linked glucose, (1 arrow right 3)- and (1 arrow right 4, 1 arrow right 6)-linked galactose and a small portion of (1 arrow right 3)-linked mannose residues. Succinic acid was not present. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide was estimated by light scattering to be 2 x 10 super(6) Da. The viscosity of solutions containing the polysaccharide remained constant from pH 3 to 11, and decreased by 50% when heated from 5 to 55 degree C. Maximum yield of the polysaccharide, 20 g L super(-1), was reached in 48 h at 30 degree C incubation. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Brown, W AU - Nicholson, J J AD - Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 129 EP - 133 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agrobacterium KW - soil KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15687610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+an+extracellular+polysaccharide+by+Agrobacterium+sp+DS3+NRRL+B-14297+isolated+from+soil&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BAhlgren%2C+JA%3BBrown%2C+W%3BNicholson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of fungicides on development of an entomopathogenic fungus (Zygomycetes: Neozygitaceae) in the cotton aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) AN - 15687043; 3965588 AB - Fungicides used commercially for control of cotton seedling diseases were evaluated under field conditions during a 3-yr period for their effects on the prevalence of the entomopathogenic fungus Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Batko in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. The susceptibility of N. fresenii to the fungicides varied. Carboxin significantly reduced N. fresenii prevalence during the early season. Furthermore, A. gossypii population levels were significantly greater during the 1993 field test in plots treated with carboxin. In some cases etridiazole and metalaxyl also significantly reduced N. fresenii prevalence during the early season. Conversely, N. fresenii prevalence was generally equivalent to or greater in the fungicide-treated plots than in the control plots during the late season. Although numerous biotic and abiotic factors (that is, environmental or artificial or both) also influence fungal prevalence in field situations, this appears to be the 1st demonstration of reduced entomopathogenic fungal prevalence caused by the application of a granular fungicide at planting. Biological and cultural implications are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Smith, M T AU - Hardee, D D AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 677 EP - 687 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Neozygitaceae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Aphididae KW - fungicides KW - Homoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15687043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fungicides+on+development+of+an+entomopathogenic+fungus+%28Zygomycetes%3A+Neozygitaceae%29+in+the+cotton+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BHardee%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphis gossypii; Homoptera; Aphididae; fungicides; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential sensitivity of tropical plants to increased ultraviolet-B radiation AN - 15684518; 3962792 AB - Little is known concerning the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion and increasing ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation on the phenology and growth of tropical plants. This is because, ostensibly, tropical plants are already exposed to relatively high levels of UV-B radiation (relative to a temperate environment) and should, therefore, possess a greater degree of tolerance to increased UV-B radiation. In this brief review I hope to show that, potentially, direct and indirect effects on photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning, phenology and biomass could occur in both tropical crops (e.g. cassava, rice) and native species (e.g. Cecropia obtusifolia (Bertol. Fl)., Tetramolopium humile (Gray), Nana sandwicensis L.). However, it should be noted that differences in sensitivity to UV-B radiation can be related to experimental conditions, and care should be taken to ensure that the quantity and quality of background solar radiation remains at near ambient conditions. Nevertheless, by integrating current and past studies on the impact of UV-B radiation on tropical species, I hope to be able to demonstrate that photosynthesis, morphology and growth in tropical plants could be directly affected by UV-B radiation and that UV-B radiation may be a factor in species and community dynamics in natural plant populations in the tropics. (DBO) JF - Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Ziska, L H AD - USDA-ARS, Climate Stress Lab., Bldg. 046A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 35 EP - 41 VL - 148 IS - 1-2 SN - 0176-1617, 0176-1617 KW - Nana sandwicensis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - photosynthesis KW - U.V. radiation KW - Cecropia obtusifolia KW - Tetramolopium humile KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15684518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=The+potential+sensitivity+of+tropical+plants+to+increased+ultraviolet-B+radiation&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=01761617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecropia obtusifolia; Tetramolopium humile; U.V. radiation; photosynthesis; tropical environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of twelve herbicides by Streptomyces AN - 15684249; 3966431 AB - Experiments were conducted to assess the ability of Streptomyces (strain PS1/5) to metabolize twelve herbicides representing several different classes including: acetanilides, triazines, ureas, uracils, and imidazoles. Incubations in aqueous culture with dextrin as carbon source and either ammonium or Casamino acids as nitrogen source resulted in transformations (> 50%) of eight of the herbicides tested: alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, prometryne, ametryne, linuron, tebuthiuron, and bromacil; the remaining four herbicides (cyanazine, diuron, metribuzin, and imazapyr) were also transformed, but to a lesser extent. In most instances, biotransformations occurred concurrently with growth and results were consistent regardless of the nitrogen source (ammonium vs. Casamino acids). However, in some instances there were differences in rates of biotransformation as a consequence of the nitrogen source (e.g. alachlor, metribuzin), suggesting the selective induction of certain metabolic enzymes; in other instances biotransformations were not associated with growth, suggesting secondary metabolism. An experiment was also conducted to assess the ability of Streptomyces (strain PS1/5) to metabolize atrazine contaminated soil. Inoculation of soil amended with 20 mu g/g of atrazine and 5% chitin as carbon source resulted in ca. 78% removal of atrazine within 28 days. These data suggest that Streptomyces species may be potential candidates for soil inoculation to bioremediate herbicide contaminated soils. JF - Biodegradation AU - Shelton AU - Khader, S AU - Karns, J S AU - Pogell, B M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Nat. Resour. Inst., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 007, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Streptomyces KW - herbicides KW - transformation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15684249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+twelve+herbicides+by+Streptomyces&rft.au=Shelton%3BKhader%2C+S%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BPogell%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; transformation; Streptomyces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preservation of ruminal microorganisms for in vitro determination of ruminal protein degradation AN - 15682316; 3971867 AB - Ruminal microorganisms, preserved either lyophilized or frozen, were compared with freshly strained ruminal fluid for proteolytic activity and as inoculum source for determination of ruminal protein degradation rates by the inhibitor in vitro method. Dialysis and glycerol addition had no effect on the proteolytic activity of preserved microorganisms. Net release of NH sub(3) and total amino acids from protein using the fluid plus particle-associated microorganisms was higher than that found using the fluid-associated microorganisms alone. Method of inoculum preservation altered total proteolytic activity, but harvesting bacteria using centrifugal force greater than 5,000 x g did not increase proteolytic activity of the pellet. The proposed method for harvesting and preserving microorganisms consisted of centrifuging strained ruminal fluid at 5,000 x g (30 min at 4 degree C), stirring the pellet in a 50:50 (vol/vol) solution of glycerol-McDougall's buffer for 15 min, and then storing at -20 degree C. Protein degradation rates in incubations with preserved microorganisms were four to eight times slower than when using fresh ruminal fluid; however, feed proteins were ranked similarly for degradation rate. Preincubating the preserved microorganisms reduced blank concentrations of NH sub(3) and total amino acid and increased protein degradative activity of the preserved inoculum. Degradation rates with preincubated, preserved inocula were similar to those obtained using fresh ruminal fluid. These results indicated that mixed ruminal microorganisms can be preserved by freezing and, after a preincubation period of 6 h, used as the inoculum source for in vitro estimation of ruminal protein degradation. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Luchini, N D AU - Broderick, G A AU - Combs, D K AD - U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1134 EP - 1143 VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - rumen KW - proteins KW - preservation KW - storage KW - microorganisms KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15682316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Preservation+of+ruminal+microorganisms+for+in+vitro+determination+of+ruminal+protein+degradation&rft.au=Luchini%2C+N+D%3BBroderick%2C+G+A%3BCombs%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Luchini&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - preservation; microorganisms; storage; rumen; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States during 1994 AN - 15680524; 3970112 AB - Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Louisiana and Texas in the winter of 1993-94. Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in wheat in the U.S. Race Pgt-TPMK was the most common race on wheat, making up 39% from 51 collections, while Pgt-QCCJ was most common from barley, making up 90% from 38 collections. Four collections from Hordeum jubatum yielded six isolates of race TMPK, four isolates of race QCCJ, and one each of races RKQQ and RTQQ. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was first found in mid-April in southern Texas and Louisiana. Yield losses due to oat stem rust in 1994 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, constituting 87% of the 119 isolates from 41 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the two other races identified from the U.S., constituting 3 and 10% of the isolates, respectively. Only race NA-29 was found in 50 collections from central Mexico. JF - Plant Disease AU - McVey, D V AU - Long, D L AU - Roberts, J J AD - Rust Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 85 EP - 89 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - stem rust KW - Hordeum jubatum KW - Puccinia graminis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Races+of+Puccinia+graminis+in+the+United+States+during+1994&rft.au=McVey%2C+D+V%3BLong%2C+D+L%3BRoberts%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=McVey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis; Hordeum jubatum; Triticum aestivum; USA; stem rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation starting time effects on cotton under high-frequency irrigation AN - 15680461; 3972190 AB - Deciding when to begin irrigating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is difficult because the positive effect of eliminating water stress may be offset by the negative effect of lowered soil temperature. Different starting times for high-frequency drip irrigation of cotton were investigated in a field having Olton clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustolls). Early irrigation (EI), started when seedlings had 3 mainstem nodes, was compared with delayed irrigation (DI-L), started at squaring when there were 7 mainstem nodes. Another delayed irrigation treatment (DI-H) received an initial large irrigation that equaled the cumulative amount of water applied by that time to the EI treatment. During the early irrigation period, 130 mm of water was applied in 1993 and 120 mm in 1994. Average soil temperature in the top 1000 mm during the early irrigation period was 25 degree C in the EI treatment, compared with 27 degree C in the DI treatment. During the late irrigation period, the average soil temperature was 24.5 degree C for EI and 25.5 degree C for DI. At first bloom, plants were 30 mm taller in 1993 and 70 mm taller in 1994 in the EI irrigation treatment, compared with the DI-L treatment. Lint production was greatest in the DI-L treatment in both years (1548 and 1630 kg/ha), compared with the DI-H treatment (1467 and 1460 kg/ha) and the EI treatment (1447 and 1481 kg/ha). Water use efficiency, based on the total of irrigation and rainfall, averaged 3.33, 2.42, and 2.36 kg lint/ha-mm for the DI-L, DI-H, and EI irrigation treatments, respectively. Initiating automated irrigation scheduling before squaring in cotton increased seedling height but decreased lint yield and the efficiency of use of total applied water. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Mahan, J R AU - Upchurch AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Res. Lab., Route 3, Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 561 EP - 566 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil temperature KW - water stress KW - scheduling KW - cotton KW - agriculture KW - water use efficiency KW - irrigation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Irrigation+starting+time+effects+on+cotton+under+high-frequency+irrigation&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BMahan%2C+J+R%3BUpchurch&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; cotton; scheduling; water stress; water use efficiency; soil temperature; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model of leaf area expansion in field pea subjected to soil water deficits AN - 15680441; 3972186 AB - Yield of field pea (Pisum sativum) is sensitive to soil water deficits. An important component of this sensitivity is the response of leaf area to drought. A simple, mechanistic model was developed to allow predictions of leaf area development in response to soil water deficits. The model calculates leaf areas of individual drought-stressed leaves relative to leaves on well-watered plants as the product of the number of cells and the size of the cells. Therefore, distinct phases of cell division and cell expansion were identified and temporally distinguished in the model. Cell division and cell expansion in the model were both sensitive to the fraction of transpirable soil water. The model proved capable of predicting the temporal development and the final area (r super(2) = 0.91) of individual leaves on pea plants in response to soil water deficits. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Lecoeur, J AU - Wery, J AU - Sinclair, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Agron. Physiol. Lab., Bldg. 164, Univ. Florida, P.O. Box 110840, Gainesville, FL 32611-0840, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 467 EP - 472 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - peas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - soil water KW - crop yield KW - drought KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Model+of+leaf+area+expansion+in+field+pea+subjected+to+soil+water+deficits&rft.au=Lecoeur%2C+J%3BWery%2C+J%3BSinclair%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Lecoeur&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; water stress; drought; crop yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of bacterial antagonists of Erwinia amylovora with antibiotics used to control fire blight AN - 15679052; 3970162 AB - In field experiments, two bacterial antagonists that suppress fire blight, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and a streptomycin-resistant mutant of Erwinia herbicola strain C9-1 (C9-1S), were sprayed onto apple blossom at 30% bloom. Water, streptomycin sulfate, or oxytetracycline were sprayed onto blossoms 2 and 7 days after the antagonist applications to determine the effect of these chemicals on the population dynamics of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S during bloom. Incidences of recovery (the proportion of blossoms supporting detectable bacterial populations) and population sizes of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S on stigmas within individual blossoms were estimated with a dilution plating assay before and after each antibiotic application. Maximum incidences of recovery of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S from blossoms treated subsequently with water ranged from 58 to 100% and 47 to 100%, respectively; average population sizes of both strains were 10 super(4) to 10 super(6) CFU/flower. Streptomycin did not reduce the incidence of recovery or the population size of either antagonist. Oxytetracycline applications made 2 and 7 days after the antagonist applications reduced the incidence of recovery by 23 to 58% and also reduced the population size of both P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S by 10- to 100-fold. In contrast, when the first oxytetracycline treatment was delayed to 7 days after the application of the antagonists, only a slight reduction in the incidence of recovery and the population size of either antagonist was observed. The population dynamics of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S, and presumably the degree of protection that they provide, need not be adversely affected by the concomitant usage of chemical antibiotics within the same season. Optimal integration of biological and chemical methods for suppression of fire blight, however, may require that oxytetracycline applications be delayed until after epiphytic populations of antagonists have become established on flowers. JF - Phytopathology AU - Stockwell, VO AU - Johnson, K B AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA-ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 834 EP - 840 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - fire blight KW - antibiotics KW - streptomycin sulfate KW - oxytetracycline KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - biological control KW - Erwinia herbicola KW - Malus KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15679052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+bacterial+antagonists+of+Erwinia+amylovora+with+antibiotics+used+to+control+fire+blight&rft.au=Stockwell%2C+VO%3BJohnson%2C+K+B%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stockwell&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Erwinia herbicola; Malus; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural by-products as substrates for growth, conidiation and chlamydospore formation by a potential mycoherbicide, Fusarium oxysporum strain EN4 AN - 15675782; 3963368 AB - Characteristics, such as mycelial growth, conidiation and chlamydospore formation, of three distinct variants (EN4-FT, EN4-FF and EN4-S), of the potential mycoherbicide, Fusarium oxysporum, strain EN4 were studied in liquid cultures. Agricultural by-products, such as cornmeal, corn cob, soya bean hull fiber (Dietfiber-Soyfiber), cotton seed embryo flour (Pharmamedia), cane molasses yeast extract and potato dextrose medium were used as substrates. The mycelial growth and conidia and chlamydospore formation were different for the three strains and varied with the substrate used. The quantity of conidia and chlamydospores produced depended on the concentration of the substrates. Irrespective of carbon:nitrogen ratios, chlamydospores were formed readily in liquid media and in greater amount on substrates with low utilizable carbon content (aqueous extracts of soya bean hull fiber and corn cob) than on those with higher utilizable carbon content (potato dextrose broth, aqueous extracts of cotton seeds and molasses yeast extract broth). In liquid cultures, increases in the concentration of substrates high in utilizable carbon resulted in reduced chlamydospore formation; however, this was far less in those with a lower carbon content. The effect on fungal growth characteristics due to the presence or absence of plant fibers in various concentrations of unfiltered and filtered extracts of soya bean hull fiber depended on the fungal variant tested. However, it had a greater effect on viable and microconidial counts than on chlamydospore and macroconidial counts. The viable and microconidial counts were significantly higher in unfiltered than in filtered extracts. The final pH of the liquid cultures (4.1-8.5), after 10 days of growth, was affected by the fungal variant, the substrate used and by the substrate concentration. In liquid cultures with 1% soya bean hull fiber, chlamydospore formation corresponded to an increase in the pH of the medium from 6.0 to 7.7. The interaction between fungal variants, the substrate used and the substrate concentration was highly significant for all the variables tested, indicating that optimization of the production of fungal propagules is complex. Overall, for all three variants, the best substrates for optimum conidiation and chlamydospore formation were aqueous extracts of soya bean hull fiber and corn cob at concentrations of 1-2.5%. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lewis, JA AU - Poch, S M AU - Lumsden, R D AD - USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., BARC-W, Rm. 275, Bldg. 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 263 EP - 275 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - herbicides KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03069:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15675782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Agricultural+by-products+as+substrates+for+growth%2C+conidiation+and+chlamydospore+formation+by+a+potential+mycoherbicide%2C+Fusarium+oxysporum+strain+EN4&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BPoch%2C+S+M%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; herbicides; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biocontrol of damping-off diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum with alginate prills of Gliocladium virens, Trichoderma hamatum and various food bases AN - 15674075; 3963375 AB - Alginate prills were formulated with the biomass of isolates of Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma spp. and various food bases (wheat bran, corn cobs, peanut hulls, soy fiber, castor pomace, cocoa hulls and chitin). Alginate prills with G. virens (Gl-21) biomass and all food bases except cocoa hull meal significantly reduced the damping-off of zinnia in a soil-less mix caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. The prills with bran, soy fiber, castor pomace or chitin resulted in stands similar to those in the non-infested control. In soil, prills with all the food bases and Trichoderma hamatum (TRI-4) biomass controlled the damping-off of cotton caused by R. solani and gave stands comparable to, or better than, those in the non-infested control soil. Prills with all the food bases resulted in a proliferation of Gl-21 in a soil-less mix and of Gl-21 and TRI-4 in soil. Prills with food bases and TRI-4 biomass reduced the survival of R. solani in infested beet seed to less than 30%, with bran and chitin being the most effective food bases; prills with Gl-21 biomass and all food bases also reduced the survival of R. solani in beet seed, but not as much as did prills with TRI-4 biomass. In prills containing wheat bran, soy fiber or chitin, the biocontrol isolate Th-58 (T. harzianum) was almost as effective as TRI-4, but isolate Gl-3 (G. virens) was less effective. There was no significant interaction between the biocontrol fungus and the food base. The results suggest that the intrinsic properties of a selected fungus isolate are more important than some formulation variables in biocontrol. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Lewis, JA AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Locke, J C AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 163 EP - 173 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Trichoderma hamatum KW - damping-off KW - Gliocladium virens KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15674075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Biocontrol+of+damping-off+diseases+caused+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+Pythium+ultimum+with+alginate+prills+of+Gliocladium+virens%2C+Trichoderma+hamatum+and+various+food+bases&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BLocke%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Pythium ultimum; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma hamatum; biological control; damping-off ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 610 kb YAC clone harbors 7 cM of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) DNA that includes the male sterile 14 gene and a hotspot for recombination AN - 15673412; 3961190 AB - Pollen development requires both sporophytic and gametophytic gene expression. We are using a map-based cloning technique to isolate sporophytic genes which, when mutant, cause pollen abortion and a male sterile (ms) phenotype in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). We have genetically characterized one ms locus (ms14) using RFLP analysis and identified flanking markers. High-resolution genomic physical mapping indicates that the ms14 locus is located in a similar to 300 kb region. We have identified a YAC clone with an insert size of similar to 610 kb that contains the ms14-linked markers, reflects the organization of the physical map and therefore most probably contains the ms14 gene. In addition, we present evidence that the relationship between physical and genetic distance in this chromosomal region changes abruptly from similar to 105-140 kb/cM to less than 24 kb/cM, and suggest that the TG393-TG104 region is a hotspot for recombination. JF - Molecular and General Genetics AU - Gorman, S W AU - Banasiak, D AU - Fairley, C AU - Cormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA/ARS, Univ. California-Berkeley, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 5259 VL - 251 IS - 1 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - male sterile 14 gene KW - ms14 locus KW - yeast artificial chromosomes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - hot spots KW - recombination KW - physical mapping KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15673412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+610+kb+YAC+clone+harbors+7+cM+of+tomato+%28Lycopersicon+esculentum%29+DNA+that+includes+the+male+sterile+14+gene+and+a+hotspot+for+recombination&rft.au=Gorman%2C+S+W%3BBanasiak%2C+D%3BFairley%2C+C%3BCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gorman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hot spots; recombination; physical mapping; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pasteurization on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water and milk AN - 15672061; 3955352 AB - Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and has been identified in 78 other species of mammals. The oocyst stage, excreted in feces of infected humans and animals, has been responsible for recent waterborne outbreaks of human cryptosporidiosis. High temperature and long exposure time have been shown to render oocysts (suspended in water) noninfectious, but for practical purposes, it is important to know if high-temperature-short-time conditions (71.7 degree C for 15 s) used in commercial pasteurization are sufficient to destroy infectivity of oocysts. In this study, oocysts were suspended in either water or whole milk and heated to 71.7 degree C for 15, 10, or 5 s in a laboratory-scale pasteurizer. Pasteurized and nonpasteurized (control) oocysts were then tested for the ability to infect infant mice. No mice (0 of 177) given 10 super(5) oocysts pasteurized for 15, 10, or 5 s in either water or milk were found to be infected with C. parvum on the basis of histologic examination of the terminal ileum. In contrast, all (80 of 80) control mice given nonpasteurized oocysts were heavily infected. These data indicate that high-temperature-short-time pasteurization is sufficient to destroy the infectivity of C. parvum oocysts in water and milk. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Harp, JA AU - Fayer, R AU - Pesch, BA AU - Jackson, G J AD - Metabolic Dis. and Immun. Res. Unit, USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2866 EP - 2868 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - pasteurization KW - water KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - protozoa KW - pathogens KW - milk KW - Cryptosporidium KW - oocysts KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15672061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pasteurization+on+infectivity+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts+in+water+and+milk&rft.au=Harp%2C+JA%3BFayer%2C+R%3BPesch%2C+BA%3BJackson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium; oocysts; milk; pathogens; protozoa; pasteurization; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Cladosporium uredinicola in pustules of chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana) AN - 15671734; 3955280 AB - During the last 2 years, chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum cut flowers used in flower arrangements from Brazil was often intercepted by plant protection and quarantine inspectors in Orlando, FL. Close examination of infected cut flowers showed that some pustules were overgrown by Cladosporium uredincola Speg. Morphologically our isolate agrees with the description by Ellis (Commonw. Mycol. Inst. 1976) and with all the other isolates of C. uredincola we observed. In 1976, Ellis noted that C. uredincola was a hyperparasite of Puccinia spp. In 1983, J. A. Traquair reported C. uredincola to be a necrotrophic hyperparasite of spores and mycelium of Puccinia violae (Schumach.) DC. In Orlando, FL, during the period between January 1994 and June 1995, 70 samples of chrysanthemum cut flowers infected with P. horiana were examined by stereo-microscope (each sample consisted of a single leaf or stem or flower head with a single rust pustule). Twenty percent of these samples were found to have C. uredincola growing on pustules of white rust with no visible effect on the plant tissues. Some pustules (10%) were completely covered by C. uredincola. Close examination of these pustules by light microscopy (40 and 65x) showed that P. horiana teliospores were penetrated by C. uredincola hyphae. This is the first report of C. uredincola on P. horiana in nature. We may have found a more aggressive strain of C. uredincola than that previously used by Traquair. JF - Plant Disease AU - Sheta, W AD - USDA, APHIS, PPQ 9317 Tradeport Dr., Orlando, FL 32733, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 599 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cladosporium uredinicola KW - Puccinia horiana KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - white rust KW - Chrysanthemum KW - hyperparasitism KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Cladosporium+uredinicola+in+pustules+of+chrysanthemum+white+rust+%28Puccinia+horiana%29&rft.au=Sheta%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sheta&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=599&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysanthemum; hyperparasitism; white rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Gloeotinia temulenta on tall fescue in Oregon AN - 15671365; 3956795 AB - Seed with 75 to 80% germination from a 1994 harvest of a field of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.), cv. Fawn, and a field of cv. Martin, located near Shedd, OR, were examined for presence of Gloeotinia temulenta (Prill. & Delacr.) M. Wilson, M. Noble, & E. Gray. Gloeotinia temulenta is a seed pathogen that reduces seed germination and causes blind seed in grasses. Gloeotinia temulenta infection was found in 10 to 20% of the seed. Percent infection was based on four samples of 96 seed, placed individually in 96-well plates and covered with 0.2 ml of water. After incubation at 22 degree C for 1 h, a pink deposit of conidia at the bottom of some wells was indicative of seed infection. Conidia of G. temulenta were confirmed by microscopic examination. Seed from the 1995 harvest were collected from the fields sampled in 1994 and from three additional fields of Fawn located nearby. Infected seed per field ranged from 16 to 27% in 1995. This is the first occurrence of high levels of infection of G. temulenta in Oregon since 1958. Factors that may have contributed to the resurgence of blind seed include a state mandated reduction in open field burning (a practice used by growers to control blind seed and rid fields of straw residue); fields remaining in production more than 5 years; late harvest, which results in heavier seed but increases seed shatter, leaving more infected seed in the field; partial in-field cleaning during combining, which leaves lightweight seed in the field as an inoculum source; and early maturity of cvs. Fawn and Martin, which flower in late spring when prolonged rainy periods can occur, providing conditions favorable for ascospore production and disease development. All of these factors occurred in the 1994 to 1995 crop years. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Production Res. Cent., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 105 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Festuca arundinaceae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gloeotinia temulenta KW - USA, Oregon KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Gloeotinia+temulenta+on+tall+fescue+in+Oregon&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gloeotinia temulenta; USA, Oregon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cercospora beticola strains from sugar beet tolerant to triphenyltin hydroxide and resistant to thiophanate methyl AN - 15670763; 3956786 AB - Strains of Cercospora beticola Sacc., which cause leaf spot on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), developed resistance (growth rate similar on unamended and fungicide amended media) to benzimidazole-type systemic fungicides in the 1970s (1). The replacement protective fungicide was triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH). A decrease of disease control with TPTH in 1994 in Minnesota prompted a survey in 1995 to estimate the prevalence and distribution of possible tin-tolerant strains (growth rate greater than sensitive isolates on fungicide amended media, but less than on unamended media). Using a micropipette, conidia from single leaf spots were suspended in 3 mu l of water and aliquoted to each of four culture dishes containing potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.2, 1.0 TPTH or 5 mu g ml super(-1) of the systemic fungicide thiophanate methyl (TM), or unamended. Occasionally, colonies from conidia from the same leaf spot grew on both 1 mu g ml super(-1) TPTH and 5 mu g ml super(-1) TM. Three to six hyphal-tip cultures were established from each of 12 colonies that exhibited resistance to TM and tolerance to TPTH. All of the hyphal-tip colonies (61) grew on 1 mu g ml super(-1) TPTH with mean linear growth that was inhibited 64%, compared with the sensitive isolates, and on 5 mu g ml super(-1) TM with mean linear growth that was inhibited 4%, compared with the sensitive isolates. Of 41 isolates that were sensitive to both fungicides, mean linear growth was inhibited 91% on 1 mu g ml super(-1) TPTH and 100% on 5 mu g ml super(-1) TM. Measures to control leaf spot with these fungicides should proceed with caution in light of this finding of multiple resistance in C. beticola. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bugbee, WM AD - USDA, ARS, Northern Crop Sci. Lab., 1307 18th St. N., Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 103 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - triphenyltin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - leafspot KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Cercospora beticola KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15670763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Cercospora+beticola+strains+from+sugar+beet+tolerant+to+triphenyltin+hydroxide+and+resistant+to+thiophanate+methyl&rft.au=Bugbee%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Bugbee&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cercospora beticola; Beta vulgaris; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eolian sediments generated by anthropogenic disturbance of playas: Human impacts on the geomorphic system and geomorphic impacts on the human system AN - 15669691; 3956765 AB - In many of the Earth's arid and semiarid lands, saline lakes, playas, and similar landforms are disturbed as a result of human activity. Diversion and/or consumptive use of surface or groundwaters has created the effect of a climate change in numerous drainage basins, resulting in the desiccation of lakes and reactivation of eolian processes at many locations. Playas are natural sites for extensive eolian activity because of the deposition of clastic and chemical sediments in basins by surface water (via fluvial transport) and groundwater (via efflorescence). Wind erosion and deposition of playa sediments has had a major role in the development of landforms and sedimentary units in the present (lunette fields worldwide; Simpson Desert, Australia) and geological past, from the Triassic (Mercia Mudstone, England) to the Quaternary (Lahontan Basin and Cima Volcanic Field, USA). Anthropogenic disturbance or desiccation of playa systems has resulted in the eolian transport of sand (e.g. Lop Nor, China; Konya Basin, Turkey; Rajasthan, India; Kappakoola, Australia; several sites in West Africa) and/or dust (e.g. Aral Sea, Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan; Old Wives Lake, Canada; Kara Bogaz Gol, (ex-)USSR; Lake Texcoco, Mexico; Owens (dry) Lake, Mono Lake and other playas, USA). Typically, this is accomplished by abstraction of water and/or removal of vegetation from terminal lake basins. An extensive review of the literature documents many examples and/or potential examples of such phenomena in numerous nations. The reactivation of eolian processes from closed basins produces air pollution in the form of fugitive dust (naturally occurring compounds released into the atmosphere by human actions), and has significant environmental and economic impacts on human activities in the surrounding areas. Restoration or mitigation of degraded land on or surrounding playas has been accomplished at Lake Texcoco, Kara Bogaz Gol and the Konya Basin, and is being actively implemented at Mono Lake, Owens (dry) Lake and the Aral Sea. JF - Geomorphology AU - Gill, TE AD - Wind Erosion Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Route 3, Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 207 EP - 228 VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - eolian transport KW - arid environments KW - anthropogenic factors KW - playas KW - climatic changes KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15669691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Eolian+sediments+generated+by+anthropogenic+disturbance+of+playas%3A+Human+impacts+on+the+geomorphic+system+and+geomorphic+impacts+on+the+human+system&rft.au=Gill%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - eolian transport; anthropogenic factors; arid environments; playas; climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical transmission of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus to young trees of Nemaguard peach and Nanking cherry AN - 15667611; 3956791 AB - Field isolates of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) were obtained from almond (P. dulcis (Mill.) D. Webb) and nectarine (P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Aiton) Maxim.) trees by sap-inoculations on cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.). The virus isolates were partially purified from cucumber tissues and the preparations stored at -22 degree C in TAE (40 mM Tris, adjusted to ph 7.8, with 1 M acetic acid, and then add EDTA to 1.0 mM) buffer-glycerol mixture. Prior to use, the virus preparations were diluted to OD sub(260) of 5.0 with TAE buffer. One-year-old test seedlings of Nemaguard peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C. K. Schneid.) and Nanking cherry (P. tomentosa Thunb.) were assayed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (2) for PNRSV and prune dwarf virus presence, and were determined to be virus-free. Inoculations of the test seedlings were completed either by making multiple deep slashes (1) into the bark with a contaminated razor blade (cuts made through three separate 25- mu l droplets of virus inoculum or TAE buffer), or by rubbing the exposed cambium surfaces on lifted bark flaps and exposed woody cylinders (three per tree) with the tip of a glass rod dipped in inocula; bark flaps were repositioned onto the tree stem and tied with a rubber wrap. Also, cotyledons of cucumber seedlings were dusted with corundum abrasive, rubbed with virus inocula or buffer control, and plants recorded for symptoms development at 12 to 14 days postinoculation (PI). Based on the number of diseased cucumber plants, infectivity potentials of the virus inocula for PNRSV isolates from nectarine and almond were 50 and 85%, respectively. Cucumber plants rubbed with buffer controls remained healthy. Initial disease symptoms on the inoculated test seedlings were observed approximately 8 weeks PI and consisted of mottling and shot-holing (shock symptoms) of small clusters of leaves. With PNRSV-almond, three Nemaguard (total 10 inoculated) and three Nanking (five inoculated) test seedlings developed symptoms; two trees were infected by razor-blade slashes and four by the cambial-rubbing procedure. With PNRSV-nectarine, only one razor-slashed peach tree became infected. Virus infections in all symptomatic trees were confirmed by ELISA (2) with A sub(405) values ranging from 0.25 to 1.40 for virus-inoculated trees and 0.01 for buffer-control trees and by positive responses when diseased bud grafts were conducted on Shirofugen flowering cherry (P. serrulata Lindl.), a known indicator host for PNRSV. Following tree dormancy and budbreak, all trees were reassayed by ELISA and two additional Nanking cherry tested positive: both razor-inoculated and one each of PNRSV-almond and -nectarine PNRSV isolates. These results indicate that PNRSV can be easily transmitted to perennial host plants by slash cuts in bark tissues or by rubbing inocula onto cambial surfaces of the bark and underlying woody cylinder. JF - Plant Disease AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Rowhani, A AU - Luhn, C F AD - USDA-ARS and Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 104 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Prunus tomentosa KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Prunus necrotic ringspot virus KW - Prunus persica KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mechanical+transmission+of+Prunus+necrotic+ringspot+virus+to+young+trees+of+Nemaguard+peach+and+Nanking+cherry&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BRowhani%2C+A%3BLuhn%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus necrotic ringspot virus; Prunus persica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aptness of insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis and carbofuran) with endophytic Beauveria bassiana, in suppressing larval populations of the European corn borer AN - 15667438; 3953047 AB - Research was conducted in 1989 and 1990 to determine if Beauveria bassiana in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran is an effective tactic for season-long management of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. A granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana was applied to corn at whorl stage (V6) and/or at pollen-shed stage (R1) corn. Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was then applied to the same plants. Beauveria bassiana reduced larval populations of O. nubilalis when the fungus was applied to corn during both the whorl stage and the pollen-shed stage. When either Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was added to plants treated with Beauveria bassiana, there was increased mortality of O. nubilalis. Although Beauveria bassiana alone reduced O. nubilalis tunneling, mostly damage was further reduced when Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was applied to whorl-stage corn. When applied to pollen-shedding corn, Beauveria bassiana reduced tunneling but had no significant effect on yield, unless Bacillus thuringiensis was added. Although Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, and carbofuran reduced tunneling by first generation O. nubilalis, increased yields did not always result. Tunneling by second-generation O. nubilalis was significantly reduced by Beauveria bassiana in both years of all experiments. Even so, yields were variable in all experiments which indicated that a number of abiotic and biotic factors, aside from insects, affected yields. This study is the first to document compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with a chemical insecticide. Yield data indicate that endophytic Beauveria bassiana is not a plant pathogen. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Lewis, L C AU - Berry, E C AU - Obrycki, J J AU - Bing, LA AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Genet. Lab., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 27 EP - 34 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - carbofuran KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - pathogenicity KW - Lepidoptera KW - insecticides KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - USA, Iowa KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Aptness+of+insecticides+%28Bacillus+thuringiensis+and+carbofuran%29+with+endophytic+Beauveria+bassiana%2C+in+suppressing+larval+populations+of+the+European+corn+borer&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C%3BBerry%2C+E+C%3BObrycki%2C+J+J%3BBing%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Beauveria bassiana; Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; USA, Iowa; pathogenicity; insecticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to 12,15-, 12,16- and 12,17-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acids with Bacillus sp. U88 AN - 15667151; 3954970 JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Huang, J-K AU - Keudell, K C AU - Seong, Su-Jin AU - Klopfenstein, W E AU - Wen, L AU - Bagby, MO AU - Norton, R A AU - Vesonder, R F AD - Res. Leader, NCAUR, USDA, ARS. 1815 N. Univ. St. Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 193 EP - 198 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid KW - dihydroxyoctadecanoic acids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacillus KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+12-hydroxyoctadecanoic+acid+to+12%2C15-%2C+12%2C16-+and+12%2C17-dihydroxyoctadecanoic+acids+with+Bacillus+sp.+U88&rft.au=Huang%2C+J-K%3BKeudell%2C+K+C%3BSeong%2C+Su-Jin%3BKlopfenstein%2C+W+E%3BWen%2C+L%3BBagby%2C+MO%3BNorton%2C+R+A%3BVesonder%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J-K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ponderosa pine seedling response to planting-site soil fumigation and fungicide application AN - 15666887; 3954885 AB - Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) was used as a biological model to determine the effects of planting site soil fumigation and fungicide applications on stock planted in moderately-fertile soils of the Intermountain West of the United States. Five soil fumigation (Vapam) treatments, singularly and in combination with fungicide (triadimefon) applications, were compared to a control. Growth characteristics, nutrition, and ectomycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. Seedlings were significantly taller in the spring fumigation treatment at the end of four growing seasons. Greatest ectomycorrhizal colonization occurred in the non-fumigated treatment with fungicide applied before planting. Generally, spring or fall fumigation treatments, without fungicide applications, produced the tallest seedlings. These results suggest that soil fumigation applications before outplanting could improve early performance of ponderosa pine when reforesting sites with abundant, native ectomycorrhizal inoculum. It also suggests that if fumigation is impractical, reduction of vegetative competition may give similar growth gains. Elimination of non-native ectomycorrhizae in the nursery may improve colonization after outplanting. JF - Northwest Science AU - Page-Dumroese, D S AU - Harvey, A E AU - Jurgensen, M F AU - Larsen, MJ AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 147 VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - ectoycorrhizas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - fungicides KW - growth KW - seedlings KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15666887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Ponderosa+pine+seedling+response+to+planting-site+soil+fumigation+and+fungicide+application&rft.au=Page-Dumroese%2C+D+S%3BHarvey%2C+A+E%3BJurgensen%2C+M+F%3BLarsen%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Page-Dumroese&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; USA, Idaho; seedlings; growth; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory tract disease and mucosal colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica in transported cattle AN - 15666641; 3955823 AB - The tonsil is a reservoir for Pasteurella haemolytica (PH) in healthy cattle. Selective proliferation of PH serotype (ST) 1 often is rapid in the nasopharynx of calves during transport and during virus-induced illness. This selective proliferation is a likely prerequisite for development of pneumonic pasteurellosis. In a prior experiment, nasal secretion (NS) and tonsil wash (TW) specimens obtained from 100 healthy calves at a single farm yielded 7 isolates of PH ST1 and ST3 of PH ST2. The calves were vaccinated with a killed PH ST1 vaccine at the farm and again 100 days later before they were transported by truck to a feedyard. At the feedyard, even though respiratory tract disease (RTD) did not develop, PH ST1 were isolated from the upper respiratory tract of 24.4% of the vaccinates and 84.1% of the nonvaccinates. The objectives of the study reported here were to again determine the prevalence of PH in healthy calves at the farm, follow the PH infection in calves through the marketing process, and determine the effect of vaccination on PH colonization of the upper respiratory tract and on the incidence of RTD. Calves from 4 farms were used in an attempt to include a more diverse PH population. Calves were vaccinated on the farm, but in contrast to the prior experiment, were not vaccinated again until after transport to the feedyard. For a marker to follow the spread of PH at the feedyard, a PH ST1 strain with genetic markers that differentiate it from other PH isolates and allow inhibitory medium to be used for its selection was instilled into the tonsillar sinuses of 12 of 100 calves after transport to the feedyard. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Frank, G H AU - Briggs, R E AU - Loan, R W AU - Purdy, C W AU - Zehr, E S AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1317 EP - 1320 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - tonsil KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15666641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Respiratory+tract+disease+and+mucosal+colonization+by+Pasteurella+haemolytica+in+transported+cattle&rft.au=Frank%2C+G+H%3BBriggs%2C+R+E%3BLoan%2C+R+W%3BPurdy%2C+C+W%3BZehr%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; respiratory tract diseases; tonsil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age at vaccination on efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51 to protect cattle against brucellosis AN - 15665809; 3958779 AB - To establish that female calves vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 at 3, 5, and 7 months of age are protected against infection and abortion when challenged exposed during their first pregnancy. Calves were inoculated SC at 3, 5, or 7 months of age with strain RB51 (n = 26), strain 19 (n = 16), or sterile saline solution (n = 15). Calves were bred at 16 to 17 months of age and challenged exposed during the first pregnancy with virulent B abortus strain 2308. After vaccination, none of the heifers given strain RB51 developed serum antibodies that reacted in the standard tube agglutination test, but reacted in a dotblot assay, using RB51 antigen. B abortus was cultured from biopsy specimens of superficial cervical lymph nodes in the RB51 and S19 vaccinates at 10 weeks, but not at 12 weeks after vaccination. All 4 heifers that had been vaccinated with RB51 at 3 months of age were protected against infection and abortion when challenged exposed. Vaccination at 5 and 7 months of age gave equivalent protection. Heifers given strain 19 were 95% protected and controls (given saline solution) had a high incidence of infection and abortion. Strain RB51 is protective at doses comparable to those of strain 19 in calves 3 to 10 months of age. Immunogenicity and failure to induce antibodies that interfere with the serologic diagnosis of field infections of B abortus make strain RB51 an effective vaccine. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Cheville, N F AU - Olsen, S C AU - Jensen, A E AU - Stevens, M G AU - Palmer, M V AU - Florance, A M AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Brucellosis Res. Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1153 EP - 1156 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age+at+vaccination+on+efficacy+of+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51+to+protect+cattle+against+brucellosis&rft.au=Cheville%2C+N+F%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BFlorance%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Cheville&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; brucellosis; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology and habitat use of the Mazama pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) in the Puget Sound area, Washington AN - 15665746; 3954881 AB - The ecology and distribution of the Mazama pocket gopher is poorly understood and several subspecies are being considered for state and federal protection. We studied Mazama pocket gophers near Olympia, Washington from February-April 1992 and in April 1995 to describe their biology and habitat use as part of a larger assessment of experimental population control methods. Males were significantly larger than females in mass and standard body measurements. Gophers from two sites, Lacey and Olympia, Washington, had similar physical measurements, although gophers near Lacey weighed more and had longer tail and hind foot lengths, while gophers near Olympia had longer ear lengths. Olympia males had longer baculum lengths. The capture of pregnant and lactating females and dual occupancy of some burrows by males and females indicated that breeding activities were underway during this period. There was a nearly 1:1 sex ratio of males to females. Densities were lower (10/ha) near Lacey in an orchard with mowed grass and forb understory and past population control than for an unexploited population at the Olympia site (60/ha), containing a Christmas tree plantation with an understory of orchard grass and the invasive, introduced Scotch broom. Food caches occurred about 53 cm in depth and held about 200-250 g of root cuttings (2,500 g maximum), indicating that gophers in the area fed heavily on thistle and Scotch broom. Pocket gophers reinvaded 22 of 25 (88%) burrow systems within 10 weeks after removal trapping. The conflicting goals of population control to reduce agricultural damage versus protection of rare or threatened pocket gopher subspecies requires better information on taxonomy, distribution, and population status of subspecies. Limited home range sizes (108 m super(2) for males; 97 m super(2) for females), dependence upon common herbaceous and woody foods, and rapid reinvasion rates suggest that rare subspecies may be readily managed if taxonomic and population issues are clarified. JF - Northwest Science AU - Witmer, G W AD - USDA/APHIS Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6410, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 93 EP - 98 VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - food plants KW - Thomomys mazama KW - habitat utilization KW - taxonomy KW - recolonization KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Biology+and+habitat+use+of+the+Mazama+pocket+gopher+%28Thomomys+mazama%29+in+the+Puget+Sound+area%2C+Washington&rft.au=Witmer%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Witmer&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thomomys mazama; USA, Washington; habitat utilization; recolonization; taxonomy; food plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of soybean plants from embryogenic suspension cultures treated with toxic culture filtrate of Fusarium solani and screening of regenerants for resistance AN - 15664599; 3952573 AB - Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures established from immature cotyledons of four cultivars were selected for resistance to a toxic culture filtrate of Fusarium solani, the causal agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean. The embryogenic cultures were challenged with the fungal culture filtrates for 1 to 2 months. Many well-developed somatic embryos formed when the toxin-selected embryogenic cultures were incubated on regeneration medium; however, only a few plants were regenerated from three cultivars, whereas 98 plants were regenerated from cv. Jack embryos. The regenerants that survived were grown to maturity to obtain more seeds for screening plants for resistance to SDS. In the first experiment, the R sub(1) (187, first-selfed generation) and R sub(2) (225, second-selfed generation) plants of cv. Jack regenerants, resistant line PI520.733, and cvs. Jack, Great Lakes 3202, and Ripley were inoculated with a F. solani SDS isolate and rated on a 1 to 5 scale. The regenerants had significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean disease ratings than two of the three cultivars but did not differ from PI520.733. In the second experiment, R sub(3) plants (990 from cv. Jack and 53 from cv. Spencer) were screened for SDS resistance. The regenerants did not differ significantly from the other cultivars/lines in mean disease severity ratings, although a greater percentage of regenerants (Jack and Spencer R sub(3) combined) had disease severity ratings of 1 and 2 than did the soybean cultivars tested but not greater than PI520.733. The regenerants with lower disease severity ratings were grown to maturity to produce more seeds that will be used to screen plants for SDS resistance and for crossing to determine how heritable and useful the resistance is in these regenerants. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jin, H AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AU - Nickell, C D AU - Widholm, J M AD - USDA/ARS and Dep. Crop Sci., UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 714 EP - 718 VL - 86 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - sudden death syndrome KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - embryos KW - suspension culture KW - Glycine max KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15664599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+soybean+plants+from+embryogenic+suspension+cultures+treated+with+toxic+culture+filtrate+of+Fusarium+solani+and+screening+of+regenerants+for+resistance&rft.au=Jin%2C+H%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H%3BNickell%2C+C+D%3BWidholm%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; embryos; suspension culture; Glycine max; Fusarium solani ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of a characterized continuous-flow culture of cecal bacteria on Salmonella typhimurium crop colonization in broiler chicks AN - 15663677; 3953488 AB - Broiler chicks were inoculated orally at 1 day of age with a continuous-flow (CF) culture of anaerobic cecal bacteria and challenged with 10 super(4) Salmonella typhimurium 48 hr (at 3 days old) after inoculation to determine the effect of the CF culture (CF3) on Salmonella crop colonization. Chicks were assigned to four groups: 1) untreated control chicks, 2) challenged at 3 days old with Salmonella, 3) inoculated at 1 day old (day-of-hatch) with CF3, and 4) inoculated at 1 day old with CF3 and challenged at 3 days old with Salmonella. Crop pH decreased significantly (P < 0.05) 24 hr after inoculation in chicks provided with CF3. The pH of crops at 24 hr from control chicks (group 1) was 5.4 and the pH of crops from inoculated chicks (group 3) was 4.7. Decreased pH was accompanied by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in crop lactic acid from approximately 0.1 mmol/ml in control chicks to about 0.2 mmol/ml in chicks given the culture. Salmonella crop colonization decreased (P < 0.05) 4 hr after challenge from a 2.6 log sub(10) colony-forming units (cfu) in Salmonella-control (group 2) chicks to 0.6 log sub(10) cfu in CF3-inoculated (group 4) chicks. Although at 4 and 8 hr after challenge, there were decreased (P < 0.05) numbers of crops testing culture-positive for Salmonella regardless of treatment, Salmonella colonization decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks inoculated with CF3 as compared with controls. The results indicated that CF3 can effectively reduce Salmonella crop colonization. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Hume, ME AU - Hollister, A G AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Corrier, DE AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 391 EP - 397 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - animal breeding KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - pH KW - culture KW - colonization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15663677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+characterized+continuous-flow+culture+of+cecal+bacteria+on+Salmonella+typhimurium+crop+colonization+in+broiler+chicks&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BHollister%2C+A+G%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; colonization; culture; pH; animal breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of conventional cotton storage on dust generation potential, bacterial survival, and endotoxin content of lint and dust AN - 15659258; 3941839 AB - Because of the use and usefulness of stored cotton in research, a survey was conducted to determine the effects of storage time on bacterial populations on cotton lint. After the initial investigation, the survey was extended to include the effects of storage on endotoxin and cotton dust levels. Total bacterial and Gram-negative bacterial populations were determined for cottons stored from 0-11 years. Both total counts and Gram-negative counts decreased significantly (p 0.05). Lint and cotton dust endotoxin contents and the potential airborne endotoxin load remained relatively stable for cotton stored up to 12 years; but for cottons stored more than nine years, lint endotoxin decreases occurred. JF - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine AU - Chun, DTW AU - Perkins, HH Jr AD - Cotton Quality Res. Stn., USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 792, Clemson, SC 29633, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 25 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cotton KW - endotoxins KW - agriculture KW - bacteria KW - dust KW - crops KW - storage KW - H SE2.8.7:DUST UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15659258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+conventional+cotton+storage+on+dust+generation+potential%2C+bacterial+survival%2C+and+endotoxin+content+of+lint+and+dust&rft.au=Chun%2C+DTW%3BPerkins%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=DTW&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dust; bacteria; crops; cotton; endotoxins; storage; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese peroxidase mRNA and enzyme activity levels during bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 15658858; 3948470 AB - mRNA extraction from soil and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription-PCR were combined to study the expression of three manganese peroxidase (MnP) genes during removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in presterilized soil. Periods of high mnp transcript levels and extractable MnP enzyme activity were temporally correlated, although separated by a short (1- to 2-day) lag period. This time frame also coincided with maximal rates of fluorene oxidation and chrysene disappearance in soil cultures, supporting the hypothesis that high ionization potential polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are oxidized in soil via MnP-dependent mechanisms. The patterns of transcript abundance over time in soil-grown P. chrysosporium were similar for all three of the mnp mRNAs studied, indicating that transcription of this gene family may be coordinately regulated under these growth conditions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bogan, B W AU - Schoenike, B AU - Lamar, R T AU - Cullen, D AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2381 EP - 2386 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - manganese peroxidase KW - mRNA KW - MnP gene KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - bioremediation KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - soil KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Manganese+peroxidase+mRNA+and+enzyme+activity+levels+during+bioremediation+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-contaminated+soil+with+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Bogan%2C+B+W%3BSchoenike%2C+B%3BLamar%2C+R+T%3BCullen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bogan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation; soil; bioremediation; soil remediation; mRNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological potential of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils AN - 15658652; 3946857 AB - The suitability of the fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity (FDA) assay for determining the biological potential (ie fungal biomass produced per unit of substrate) of solid pelleted fungal inoculum intended for use in the bioaugmentation of contaminated soils with white-rot fungi, was evaluated. FDA activity of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on pelleted substrates and on agar was found to be proportional to quantities of fungal ergesterol and fungal dry matter, respectively. Inoculum biological potential was found to be greatly influenced by substrate formulation and structure, and temperature. Biological potential and the type of carrier influenced the ability of P. chrysosporium to tolerate pentachlorophenol (PCP). Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor introduced into PCP-contaminated soil on pellets with higher biological potential and higher nitrogen content (C:N ratio of 50:1), did not remove PCP more efficiently than when the fungi were introduced on pellets with a lower biological potential (C:N ratio of 309:1). However, under the latter conditions most of the PCP was transformed to pentachloroanisole (PCA). In soil inoculated with T. versicolor on pellets with high biological potential, higher manganese peroxidase activity was detected compared to soil inoculated with pellets with a lower biological potential. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lestan, M AU - Chapelle, JA AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochemical Technol., USDA, Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 286 EP - 294 VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Trametes versicolor KW - bioremediation KW - soil KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biological+potential+of+fungal+inocula+for+bioaugmentation+of+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLestan%2C+M%3BChapelle%2C+JA%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; soil; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Trametes versicolor ER - TY - CONF T1 - Application of the USDA Forest Service national hierarchical framework of ecological units at the sub-regional level: The New England-New York example AN - 15658279; 3948662 AB - Ecological regionalization according to the USDA Forest Service National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units was undertaken for the New England-New York region. A topdown, map-overlay approach was used to map sections and subsections. Where available, landscape level units (LTAs) were aggregated and evaluated to supplement the subsection mapping. A regional collaborative effort was undertaken to counterbalance the shortfalls of a purely mechanistic approach. As a result of this process, 17 section and 58 draft subsection units were delineated for the New England-New York region. The sub-regional units developed reflect the strong correspondence among climate, topography and geography at this scale. Geologic factors, due to their influence on landform and mineral availability, are also reflected in the ecological unit boundaries. Efforts to apply the multifactor model at the sub-regional level have been hampered by the lack of scale appropriate information on a number of factors particularly meso-scale climate and potential natural community composition and distribution. Further research and investigation are required before these criterion are adequately met. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Smith, M-L AU - Carpenter, C Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 187 EP - 198 VL - 39 IS - 1-3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ecosystem management KW - mapping KW - resource management KW - USA, Northeast KW - land classification KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+USDA+Forest+Service+national+hierarchical+framework+of+ecological+units+at+the+sub-regional+level%3A+The+New+England-New+York+example&rft.au=Smith%2C+M-L%3BCarpenter%2C+C&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M-L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Brochothrix thermosphacta on beef surfaces following immobilization of nisin in calcium alginate gels AN - 15658099; 3943794 AB - Lean and adipose beef carcass tissues inoculated with Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT) (approx. 4.50 log sub(10) cfu cm super(-2)) were left untreated (U) or treated with 100 mu g ml super(-1) nisin (N), calcium alginate (A) or 100 mu g ml super(-1) nisin immobilized in a calcium alginate gel (AN). Tissue samples were refrigerated after treatments and bacterial populations and nisin activity were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 7 d. U, A and N treatments of lean and adipose tissues did not suppress bacterial growth (>6 log sub(10) cfu cm super(-2) by day 7) while treatments of lean and adipose tissues with AN suppressed bacteria (>2.42 log sub(10) cfu cm super(-2) by day 7). Bacteriocin titres from both tissues were higher in AN vs N samples after the 7 d incubation. This study demonstrates that immobilization of nisin in a gel may be a more effective delivery system of a bacteriocin to the carcass surface than direct application. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., PO Box 166, Spur 18D, Clay Cent., NE 68993, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 12 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antimicrobial activity KW - Brochothrix thermosphacta KW - beef KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Brochothrix+thermosphacta+on+beef+surfaces+following+immobilization+of+nisin+in+calcium+alginate+gels&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brochothrix thermosphacta; antimicrobial activity; beef ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anabolic incorporation of oxalate by Oxalobacter formigenes AN - 15655684; 3949013 AB - Cell-free lysates of the strict anaerobe Oxalobacter formigenes contained the following enzymatic activities: oxalyl coenzyme A reductase, glyoxylate carboligase, tartronic semialdehyde reductase, and glycerate kinase. NAD(P)-linked formate dehydrogenase, serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, and NAD(P) transhydrogenase activities were not detected. These results support the hypothesis that O. formigenes assimilates carbon from oxalate by using the glycerate pathway, whereby oxalate is reduced to 3-phosphoglycerate before entering common biosynthetic pathways. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cornick, NA AU - Allison, MJ AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3011 EP - 3013 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - oxalic acid KW - oxalyl-CoA reductase KW - tartronate-semialdehyde synthase KW - 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase KW - glycerate kinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oxalobacter formigenes KW - carbon sources KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15655684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Anabolic+incorporation+of+oxalate+by+Oxalobacter+formigenes&rft.au=Cornick%2C+NA%3BAllison%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Cornick&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxalobacter formigenes; carbon sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Arcobacter spp. in ground pork by modified plating methods AN - 15655274; 3948985 AB - A modified cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) medium was developed for the recovery of Arcobacter spp. from meats. Modified CIN was compared to brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and cephalothin, vancomycin, and amphotericin B (CVA) as well as brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and no antibiotics. The three media were used to recover Arcobacter spp. in a survey of pork-processing plants. Examination of ground pork (149 samples) from one Iowa slaughter facility (Plant #1) revealed that 89 percent of the samples were positive for Arcobacter spp. In a second survey conducted 9 months later involving that same plant and four others, only 5% of the samples from the four plants were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. Again, 90% of the samples were positive from Plant #1. It was not determined whether the sanitary practices during slaughter or the rearing of pigs on the source farms contributed to the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in one plant versus another. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Collins, C I AU - Wesley, I V AU - Murano, E A AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 448 EP - 452 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - enteritis KW - food contamination KW - media (isolation) KW - pork KW - Arcobacter KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15655274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Arcobacter+spp.+in+ground+pork+by+modified+plating+methods&rft.au=Collins%2C+C+I%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BMurano%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arcobacter; food contamination; media (isolation); pork; enteritis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ecosystem approach to fish and wildlife conservation AN - 15652862; 3948060 JF - Ecological Applications AU - Beattie, M AD - USDA Dep. Interior Fish and Wildl. Serv., 1849 C St., NW, Washington, DC 20240-0001, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 696 EP - 699 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - nature conservation KW - ecosystem management KW - wildlife conservation KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15652862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=An+ecosystem+approach+to+fish+and+wildlife+conservation&rft.au=Beattie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Forum: Perspectives on ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policy; ecosystem management; wildlife conservation; nature conservation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Classification of local- and landscape-scale ecological types in the Southern Appalachian Mountains AN - 15651536; 3948134 AB - Five local ecological types based on vegetative communities and two landscape types based on groups of communities, were identified by integrating landform, soil, and vegetation components using multivariate techniques. Elevation and several topographic and soil variables were highly correlated with types of both scales. Landscape ecological types based only on landform and soil variables without vegetation did not correspond with types developed using vegetation. Models developed from these relationships could allow classification and mapping of extensive areas using geographic information systems. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - McNab, W H Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 215 EP - 229 VL - 39 IS - 1-3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forest management KW - community composition KW - USA, North Carolina KW - vegetation surveys KW - land classification KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15651536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Classification+of+local-+and+landscape-scale+ecological+types+in+the+Southern+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=McNab%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exopolysaccharides of the plant pathogens Pseudomonas corrugata and P. flavescens and the saprophyte P. chlororaphis AN - 15650934; 3943126 AB - The rRNA-DNA homology group I pseudomonads Pseudomonas asplenii, P. corrugata, P. flavescens (plant pathogens), P. alcaligenes, P. pseudoalcaligenes subsp. pseudoalcaligenes (opportunistic human pathogens), P. aureofaciens and P. chlororaphis (saprophytes) were examined for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) when cultured on various solid and liquid complex media with glucose, glycerol or gluconate as primary sources of carbon. All three strains (388, 717 and ATCC 29736) of P. corrugata produced alginate, a polyuronan. An EPS composed of glucose, fucose, mannose and an unidentified uronic acid substituted with lactic acid was produced by one (B62) of two strains of P. flavescens. Of four strains of P. chlororaphis tested, only strain NRRL B-2075 produced EPS. The extracellular material purified by anion-exchange chromatography appeared to be a mixture of alginate plus an acidic hexosamine-containing polymer(s). Production of EPS by the other pseudomonads was not supported by any of the media tested. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - Fett, W F AU - Cescutti, P AU - Wijey, C AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - exopolysaccharides KW - alginic acid KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ion-exchange chromatography KW - Pseudomonas chlororaphis KW - Pseudomonas flavescens KW - Pseudomonas corrugata KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15650934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Exopolysaccharides+of+the+plant+pathogens+Pseudomonas+corrugata+and+P.+flavescens+and+the+saprophyte+P.+chlororaphis&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F%3BCescutti%2C+P%3BWijey%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas corrugata; Pseudomonas flavescens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; ion-exchange chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model study of a roller compacted concrete stepped spillway AN - 15647303; 3944681 AB - Studies were conducted with a two-dimensional 1:20 scale model of a roller compacted concrete stepped spillway to evaluate the flow transition from the level spillway crest to the sloping steps, the energy dissipation of the steps, and performance of the proposed stilling basin. The steps were effective in dissipating energy. At maximum discharge, 14.5 m super(3)/s/m (156 ft super(3)/s/ft), the energy dissipation with the steps was 48% compared with an energy dissipation of 20% for the spillway with a smooth chute surface. At 5.81 m super(3)/s/m (62.5 ft super(3)/s/ft), the energy dissipation with the steps was 71% compared with 25% with a smooth chute surface. The energy dissipation caused by the steps significantly reduces the size of stilling basin required at the toe of the spillway compared to a conventional chute spillway. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Rice, CE AU - Kadavy, K C AD - Hydrol. Eng. Res. Unit, USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 292 EP - 297 VL - 122 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - slope KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - hydraulics KW - energy dissipation KW - spillways KW - concrete KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15647303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Model+study+of+a+roller+compacted+concrete+stepped+spillway&rft.au=Rice%2C+CE%3BKadavy%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; spillways; energy dissipation; concrete; hydraulics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal polyethism and behavioural canalization in the honey bee, Apis mellifera AN - 15646010; 3943011 AB - Two models of temporal polyethism in the honey bee were evaluated. The developmental-programme model asserts a causal relationship between age and task performance. The foraging-for-work model asserts that this relationship is an epiphenomenon associated with a self-organizing system. The effect of a worker's pre-foraging environment on task selection as a forager was also examined. Four groups of workers, emerging at 6-day intervals, were introduced to a colony. Workers in group 1 were introduced when less than 12 h old. Workers in groups 2 and 3 were divided into deprived and non-deprived groups. Non-deprived groups were introduced to the colony when less than 12 h old. Deprived groups were confined to an incubator for 12 days and 6 days, respectively, then introduced to the colony along with group 4 (<12 h old). Foraging activities were quantified for two sets of workers from strains of bees selected for high and low pollen hoarding. The results support the developmental-programme model. Non-deprived workers began foraging in the order that they were introduced. Deprived workers from groups 2 and 3 began to forage before younger workers in group 4, even though all three groups were introduced to the colony at the same time. The results also suggest that a forager's task selection is primarily determined by her genotype and immediate environment. High-strain workers collected pollen more often than low-strain workers, regardless of their pre-foraging environments. Differences between deprived and non-deprived groups of the same strain and age were rare. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Calderone, N W AU - Page, RE Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Bee Res. Lab., Bldg. 476 BARC-EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 631 EP - 643 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - castes KW - Apis mellifera KW - social behavior KW - age KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - division of labor KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25453:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15646010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Temporal+polyethism+and+behavioural+canalization+in+the+honey+bee%2C+Apis+mellifera&rft.au=Calderone%2C+N+W%3BPage%2C+RE+Jr&rft.aulast=Calderone&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; age; castes; social behavior; division of labor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits-driven management of natural areas AN - 15645648; 3946608 AB - This paper recommends the use of the benefits-driven approach to guide management of natural areas. Under that approach, managers must continue to try to sustain the biophysical resources and meet the societal needs those resources can accommodate reasonably. In addition, managers must go beyond the conventional notion of demand for goods and services and consider how the existence, management, and use of the resources benefit people; they must explicitly consider these positive impacts in their management decisions. Such Benefits-Based Management (BBM) is growing rapidly in acceptance by managers of urban and hinterland recreation resources. The basic concept and the steps being followed to implement BBM to guide management of recreation resources are described. Applications of BBM to natural areas that receive less recreational use are considered. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Driver, B L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 240 West Prospect St., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 94 EP - 99 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - North America KW - planning KW - socio-economic aspects KW - nature reserves KW - recreation KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15645648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Benefits-driven+management+of+natural+areas&rft.au=Driver%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Human dimensions and values in natural area management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; nature reserves; socio-economic aspects; recreation; planning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene transfer into corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) embryos AN - 15644354; 3943989 AB - Transposable elements with short inverted repeats at their termini have been identified in a number of diverse insect species and have proven to be useful gene delivery vectors for the transformation of Drosophila melanogaster. In this report we examine the ability of the D. melanogaster hobo element to transpose in lepidopteran species. A Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) and a Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) embryonic cell line were found to be capable of supporting productive transposition of the hobo element as measured by a plasmid-based excision assay. Furthermore, hobo transposition was detected in H. zea embryos in a manner consistent with that seen for the cell line. In both cases, transposition/excision was found to be independent of vector-encoded transposase functions, indicating that endogenous genes are involved in hobo mobility. Finally, we demonstrate the stable insertion of the bacterial lacZ gene into the H. zea genome. These data demonstrate that hobo elements are capable of transgressing species boundaries and functioning in non-drosophilid cellular environments. More importantly, this represents the first description of a genetic transformation system for a lepidopteran species. JF - Genome Research AU - DeVault, J D AU - Hughes, K J AU - Leopold, R A AU - Johnson, O A AU - Narang, S K AD - Dep. Insect Genet. and Biochem., USDA/ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 571 EP - 579 VL - 6 IS - 7 SN - 1088-9051, 1088-9051 KW - lacZ gene KW - transposon hobo KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - gene transfer KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - embryos KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05213:Genes & molecular genetics KW - G 07367:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15644354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&rft.atitle=Gene+transfer+into+corn+earworm+%28Helicoverpa+zea%29+embryos&rft.au=DeVault%2C+J+D%3BHughes%2C+K+J%3BLeopold%2C+R+A%3BJohnson%2C+O+A%3BNarang%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=DeVault&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome+Research&rft.issn=10889051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; embryos; Trichoplusia ni; Drosophila melanogaster; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a subcutaneously administered, ultraviolet light-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A1-containing vaccine against transthoracic challenge exposure in goats AN - 15643047; 3946786 AB - To determine the effectiveness of Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (Ph A1) killed by UV light and incorporated with an oil adjuvant or carriers. Goats were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatment groups: 4 Ph A1 bacterins (agar beads, polyacrylate beads [PA], phosphate-buffered saline solution, Freund's incomplete adjuvant), live Ph A1 with polyacrylate beads (LiPhPA), and polyacrylate beads (UnVac). Each of 4 Ph A1 vaccines was administered SC twice, 21 days apart, to 1 of 4 groups; another group received only PA beads SC, and the last group received live Ph A1 with PA beads by transthoracic injection into the left lung. 14 days after the second vaccination, all goats were challenge exposed with live Ph A1 by transthoracic injection into the right lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. The LiPhPA group and 4 bacterin groups developed protective immunity against live Ph A1 challenge exposure. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Sutherland, R J AU - Ayres, J R AD - USDA/ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1168 EP - 1174 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - killed KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - immunity KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15643047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+subcutaneously+administered%2C+ultraviolet+light-killed+Pasteurella+haemolytica+A1-containing+vaccine+against+transthoracic+challenge+exposure+in+goats&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BSutherland%2C+R+J%3BAyres%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; vaccines; killed; immunity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing applications to hydrology: Airborne laser altimeters AN - 15641438; 3942273 AB - Shortly after the development of the first laser instrument in 1960, studies began on using laser distancing technology from airborne platforms to measure surface features on the landscape. Airborne laser altimeter studies in the 1960s and 1970s were used to measure terrain features and sea ice roughness. Research in the 1980s and 1990s has shown that airborne laser measurements can be used to measure directly topography, stream channel cross sections, gully cross sections, soil surface roughness, and vegetation canopy height, cover and distribution. These laser measurements can be used to estimate forest biomass and volume, aerodynamic roughness and leaf area indices. Airborne laser altimeters provide quick and accurate measurements for evaluating changes in land surface features and can be an additional tool in the arsenal of remote sensing equipment used to understand watershed properties and to develop plans to manage water resources. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Ritchie, J C AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 625 EP - 636 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - hydrologic data collections KW - laser altimetry KW - water resources management KW - watershed management KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - Freshwater KW - lasers KW - remote sensing KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15641438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+applications+to+hydrology%3A+Airborne+laser+altimeters&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; data acquisition; lasers; remote sensing; water resources management; watershed management; hydrologic data collections; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - beta -Glucan synthesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Characterization of a new locus (ndvC) influencing beta -(1 arrow right 6) linkages AN - 15640371; 3942912 AB - Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes periplasmic cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-D-glucans during growth in hypoosmotic environments, and evidence is growing that these molecules may have a specific function during plant-microbe interactions in addition to osmoregulation. Site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis of the DNA region upstream of ndvB resulted in identification of a new gene (ndvC) involved in beta -(1 arrow right 3), beta -(1 arrow right 6)-glucan synthesis and in nodule development. The predicted translation product was a polypeptide (ca. 62 kDa) with several transmembrane domains. It contained a sequence characteristic of a conserved nucleoside-sugar-binding motif found in many bacterial enzymes and had 51% similarity with a beta -glucanosyltransferase from Candida albicans. B. japonicum carrying a Tn5 insertion in ndvC resulted in synthesis of altered cyclic beta -glucans composed almost entirely of beta -(1 arrow right 3)-glycosyl linkages. The mutant strain was only slightly sensitive to hypoosmotic growth conditions compared with the ndvB mutant, but it was severely impaired in symbiotic interactions with soybean (Glycine max). Nodulation was delayed by 8 to 10 days, and many small nodule-like structures apparently devoid of viable bacteria were formed. This finding suggests that the structure of the beta -glucan molecule is important for a successful symbiotic interaction, and beta -glucans may have a specific function in addition to their role in hypoosmotic adaptation. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Gross, K C AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Bldg. 011, HH-19, USDA/ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4635 EP - 4642 VL - 178 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - beta -glucan KW - ndvC gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nodulation KW - site-directed mutagenesis KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - Glycine max KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15640371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=beta+-Glucan+synthesis+in+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum%3A+Characterization+of+a+new+locus+%28ndvC%29+influencing+beta+-%281+arrow+right+6%29+linkages&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BGross%2C+K+C%3BTully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Glycine max; site-directed mutagenesis; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using random amplified polymorphic DNA to differentiate strains of the Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15639339; 3934470 AB - The movement of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Huebner), and its ability to infest stored products over large areas is not understood because of the difficulty in identifying the origins of infestations. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) is a technique that has been used to identify genetic markers in insect populations and may be useful for differentiating populations of P. interpunctella. RAPD PCR was used to differentiate 6 P. interpunctella populations, and the genetic similarity was examined within and among populations. All individual insects were differentiated into correct population groups using only two 10-mer primers. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dowdy, A K AU - McGaughey, W H AD - US Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 396 EP - 400 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Lepidoptera KW - population differentiation KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15639339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Using+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+to+differentiate+strains+of+the+Indianmeal+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Dowdy%2C+A+K%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dowdy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Plodia interpunctella; polymerase chain reaction; population differentiation; random amplified polymorphic DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of alkaloid concentration on acceptability of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) to cattle and sheep AN - 15634312; 3937731 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) is a serious toxic plant problem on western U.S. ranges. The major toxins in tall larkspur are methyllycaconitine (MLA) and 14-deacetylnudicauline (14-DAN); the sum of both is termed the toxic alkaloid concentration. Toxic alkaloids comprise about 20-50% of the total alkaloid concentration in tall larkspur. Toxic and total alkaloid concentration generally declines with maturity, whereas cattle and sheep consumption of larkspur typically increases with plant maturity. We hypothesized that cattle and sheep consumption of tall larkspur was negatively related to higher concentrations of total or toxic alkaloid. We compared consumption of several collections of dried, ground larkspur and fresh larkspur in a series of trials. In another trial, a crude alkaloid fraction was extracted with ethanol, added to alfalfa hay, and consumption compared to untreated alfalfa hay, alcohol-treated hay, and the essentially alkaloid-free plant residue. In all cases we correlated amounts eaten with total and toxic alkaloid concentration. A grazing trial was also conducted to relate larkspur consumption over time to alkaloid concentrations. Total alkaloid concentrations in dried, whole-plant collections ranged from 9.3 to 38.8 mg/g of dry weight, whereas toxic alkaloid concentrations varied from 0.0 to 7.1 mg/g. In one pen trial, cattle preferred a larkspur collection (P 0.05), however, between concentrations of total or toxic alkaloids and amount of dry plant consumed in this or any other trial. Conversely, sheep consumption tended to be negatively influenced by total and toxic alkaloid concentration (P less than or equal to 0.08). In the trials with extract, cattle preferred the alcohol-treated hay and rejected the alkaloid-free residue (p 0.05) to alkaloid concentration. Cattle preferred leaves over flowers when offered individual plants differing in phenological stage and/or amount of shade, but alkaloid concentration was not related to consumption. We conclude that knowledge of the concentration of total or toxic alkaloid in tall larkspur will give little or no indication of plant acceptability to cattle. Even though accurate predictions can be made about the potential toxicity of larkspur based on the concentration of toxic alkaloids, predictions about consumption must be based primarily on plant phenology. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Pfister, JA AU - Manners, G D AU - Gardner AU - Price, K W AU - Ralphs, M H AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1147 EP - 1168 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium KW - palatability KW - livestock KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15634312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+alkaloid+concentration+on+acceptability+of+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+to+cattle+and+sheep&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BGardner%3BPrice%2C+K+W%3BRalphs%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium; livestock; toxins; palatability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of EPTC: Simulation and measurement AN - 15633448; 3938921 AB - Many of the organic chemicals used in agricultural production are susceptible to loss from the soil surface to the atmosphere by volatilization. Adequate prediction of the impact of these chemicals on the environment thus requires consideration of both downward movement through the soil to groundwater and upward movement in the gas phase to the atmosphere. We developed a method to mechanistically simulate volatilization within the framework of a conventionally formulated solute transport model and used it to simulate the gas-phase losses of EPTC, a commonly used volatile herbicide. The model considers efflux of a trace gas at the soil surface to be a process of unsteady diffusion, interrupted intermittently by dispersive events that can be thought of as eddies at the innermost scale. Model results were compared to measurements of volatilization during the first 7 d following application of EPTC, conducted with a Bowen ratio system in a 17-ha field at Rosemount, MN. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Baker, J M AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Dowdy, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Soil., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 169 EP - 177 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agricultural pollution KW - chemical pollution KW - environmental impact KW - volatile organic compounds KW - atmosphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15633448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+EPTC%3A+Simulation+and+measurement&rft.au=Baker%2C+J+M%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BDowdy%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollution; environmental impact; volatile organic compounds; atmosphere; agricultural pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional response of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to variation in density of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15631181; 3940077 AB - The functional response of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) and Cardiochiles nigriceps Vieriek to variation in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), density was determined in large field cages over squaring cotton. Wasps were released in cages containing various host densities. Three methods - logit analysis, logistic regression, and comparative curve fitting with 3 foraging models - were used for the analysis of functional response data. For both parasitoid species, the Rogers functional response model fit the data well. The search rate for M. croceipes (33.12 m super(2)/d) was not significantly different than that for C. nigriceps (24.37 m super(2)/d). Handling time for M. croceipes ( approximately 7 min) was shorter than that for C. nigriceps ( approximately 91 min). The functional response curves were significantly different between species for the Rogers model, and C. nigriceps females parasitized a greater proportion of H. virescens larvae on caged cotton than did M. croceipes females. Of the 2 species, C. nigriceps should out perform M. croceipes in a cotton field. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tillman, P G AD - Insect Pest Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 524 EP - 528 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - functional response KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - population density KW - Braconidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - Noctuidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Cardiochiles nigriceps KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15631181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Functional+response+of+Microplitis+croceipes+and+Cardiochiles+nigriceps+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+to+variation+in+density+of+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microplitis croceipes; Cardiochiles nigriceps; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; population density; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carbohydrate on age-related feeding behaviors and longevity in adult black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15630343; 3940074 AB - Age-related consumption and longevity were monitored in the laboratory for adult A. ipsilon fed either a 1 M sucrose solution or water. An additional group was completely starved. Adults consumed sucrose solution and water just after eclosion; the percentage feeding daily and the mean daily consumption for females and males fed sucrose solution declined with time, whereas the percentage feeding daily and the mean daily consumption of those fed water increased with time. Total consumption was significantly higher for those fed sucrose solution (P 0.05). Mean longevity was significantly extended for females and males fed sucrose solution over those fed water or starved (P < 0.01). Moreover, consumption of either fluid was significantly correlated with extended longevity in all groups (P < 0.05). These data on fluid consumption by adult A. ipsilon are discussed relative to post-eclosion migratory activities. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Binder, B F AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Agrotis ipsilon KW - Lepidoptera KW - age KW - carbohydrates KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - longevity KW - adults KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15630343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carbohydrate+on+age-related+feeding+behaviors+and+longevity+in+adult+black+cutworm%2C+Agrotis+ipsilon+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Binder%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrotis ipsilon; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; age; feeding behavior; carbohydrates; longevity; adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of beetles in stored wheat by augmentative releases of parasitic wasps AN - 15627130; 3935782 AB - Field studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the parasitoid wasps, Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gaha), and Choetospila elegans (Westwood), for controlling Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), rusty grain beetle and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), lesser grain borer. On 6 July 1993 and 7 July 1994, adults of both C. ferrugineus and R. dominica were released at monthly intervals into 6 steel grain binds each containing 27.2 t of hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Adults of both parasitoid species were released into 3 of the bins 21 d after the 1st beetle release. The amount of suppression of C. ferrugineus by C. waterstoni could not be measured in either year of this study because C. waterstoni infested the control bins. However, C. elegans was effective in suppressing R. dominica populations. In 1993 and 1994, R. dominica populations were suppressed by 98 and 91% compared with the control bins. After 198 d from initial beetle release in 1993, the treatment bins averaged 0.05 R. dominica per kilogram and the control bins averaged 2.06 R. dominica per kilogram. After 131 d from initial beetle release in 1994, the treatment bins average 6.94 R. dominica per kilogram and he control bins average 81.03 R. dominica per kilogram. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Flinn, P W AU - Hagstrum, D W AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - parasitoids KW - stored products KW - Triticum aestivum KW - pest control KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15627130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+beetles+in+stored+wheat+by+augmentative+releases+of+parasitic+wasps&rft.au=Flinn%2C+P+W%3BHagstrum%2C+D+W%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Flinn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Coleoptera; Hymenoptera; biological control; stored products; pest control; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity among isolates within the PAV serotype of barley yellow dwarf virus AN - 15626964; 3936602 AB - Several barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) isolates collected from viruliferous aphids in upstate New York were identified as PAV serotypes, based on their reaction with a polyclonal antiserum to NY-PAV. Four of six isolates examined were distinguished from the NY-PAV type isolate of BYDV by their failure to react with a PAV-specific monoclonal antibody in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of polymerase chain reaction-amplified viral sequences. The capsid protein amino acid sequence of one of these four isolates, designated PAV-129, was less similar to that of NY-PAV (86.5% similar) than NY-PAV is to two other isolates, serotyped as PAV, from Indiana (98% similar) or Australia (97% similar). In biological comparisons of PAV-129 and NY-PAV, the efficiency of transmission by two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, was not significantly different; however, PAV-129 caused more severe symptoms were inoculated to a variety of oat genotypes. In addition, the growth and grain yield of 'Ogle', a spring oat considered resistant to the BYDV PAV serotype was significantly reduced when infected with PAV-129. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chay, CA AU - Smith, D M AU - Vaughan, R AU - Gray, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-0331, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 370 EP - 377 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - serotypes KW - Aphididae KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Rhopalosiphum padi KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Sitobion avenae KW - barley yellow dwarf virus KW - disease transmission KW - USA, New York KW - capsid protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - Avena sativa KW - Homoptera KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15626964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Diversity+among+isolates+within+the+PAV+serotype+of+barley+yellow+dwarf+virus&rft.au=Chay%2C+CA%3BSmith%2C+D+M%3BVaughan%2C+R%3BGray%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Chay&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barley yellow dwarf virus; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae; Avena sativa; Aphididae; Homoptera; USA, New York; serotypes; amino acid sequence; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; capsid protein; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to water and nutrient stressed cotton AN - 15626832; 3935790 AB - Water stress usually increases plant susceptibility to the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, whereas nutrient stress generally reduces the level of whitefly infestation. This study examined the effect of water and phosphorus stress on plant physiological traits to help explain the response of B. argentifolii to host plant conditions. Host preference was determined by examining oviposition rates on water- and phosphorus-stressed cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the greenhouse, and by studying the effect of irrigation frequency on oviposition and B. argentifolii developmental rate in the field. In the greenhouse, oviposition was reduced 9% (P = 0.09) by water stress but was not affected by phosphorus deficiency. In the field, oviposition was 6 times greater in the biweekly compared with weekly irrigated plots. In nochoice experiments, however, oviposition was unaffected by irrigation frequency, with the exception of lower leaves in the canopy which had been previously damaged by B. argentifolii, where oviposition was reduced 63% in the biweekly plots where damage was the greatest. Irrigation frequency had no effect on developmental rate from egg to adult. In the greenhouse, oviposition was affected most by leaf position on the plant, and was >2 times as great on the youngest compared with the oldest leaf on a 4-leaf seedling. Multiple regression analysis suggested that oviposition was not independently affected by transpiration rate or leaf temperature. Leaf water potential, sucrose concentration, and amino acid concentration made the greatest contribution to B. argentifolii host selection, with oviposition being greatest on leaves with low water potential and low bulk leaf sucrose and amino acid concentrations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Skinner, R H AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 401 EP - 406 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - nutrient status KW - host plants KW - Gossypium KW - water stress KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15626832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+to+water+and+nutrient+stressed+cotton&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Bemisia argentifolii; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; nutrient status; water stress; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential mortality in male and female gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae by invertebrate natural enemies and other factors AN - 15624648; 3935788 AB - Pupal mortality in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), caused by invertebrate natural enemies and other factors was monitored at Belleplain State Forest in southern New Jersey from 1983 to 1991. Two methods were used, laboratory rearings of intact pupae field collected during metamorphosis and postseason examination of pupal remains. The introduced chalcidid Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) consistently destroyed higher percentages of male gypsy moth pupae than female pupae. Ichneumonid parasitism was sometimes higher in male pupae than female pupae. Diptera, mostly Tachinidae and Sarcophagidae, were more likely to emerge from female than male intact pupae, but in the case of pupal remains, emergence from each sex was variable, being significantly higher in male pupae than female pupae for 2 yr, but the reverse in another year. Sex-based bias in predation of gypsy moth pupae by invertebrates, primarily larvae of Calosoma sycophanta (L.), was observed only in 2 yr, when it was slightly higher in male pupae. Incidence of disease was higher in female pupae than male pupae, but desiccation was more likely to occur in male pupae than female pupae. Based on examination of pupal remains, survival of female and male pupae averaged 53.0 and 45.5%, respectively, with marked differences observed in 5 of 9 yr of the study. Because of the sex-based bias in mortality by some invertebrate natural enemies, sex ratios (expressed as percentage of females) of gypsy moth adults were sometimes much higher than pupae. This bias was most noticeable the outbreak and decline phases of the gypsy moth population cycle. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fuester, R W AU - Taylor, P B AD - Beneficial Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 536 EP - 547 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pupae KW - males KW - females KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - natural enemies KW - mortality KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15624648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Differential+mortality+in+male+and+female+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+pupae+by+invertebrate+natural+enemies+and+other+factors&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R+W%3BTaylor%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; mortality; males; females; pupae; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived 1-day-old piglets with Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii AN - 15624032; 3934908 AB - Neonatal piglets have been used as models to study human campylobacteriosis and helicobacteriosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative pathogenicities, on the basis of the duration of fecal shedding and colonization of tissues, of three Arcobacter species in 1-day-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived piglets. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, two piglets each were infected per os with either Arcobacter butzleri ATCC 49616, Arcobacter cryaerophilus 1B ATCC 43159, Arcobacter skirrowii CCUG 10374, or the three field strains of A. butzleri ( similar to 5 x 10 super(9) CFU per piglet). Rectal swab samples were taken prior to infection and daily thereafter for up to 7 days. Arcobacter spp. were detected at least once in rectal swab samples of all but one of the experimentally infected piglets but not in the control. At necropsy, A. butzleri was recovered from the lung, kidney, ileum, or brain tissues of the four infected piglets which had received either the field strain or the ATCC type strain of A. butzleri. A. cryaerophilus 1B was detected in rectal swab samples for up to 7 days postinfection but was not cultured from tissues at necropsy. Arcobacters were detected in the rectal swab sample of the A. skirrowii-infected piglet only on day 3 postinfection; no isolates were obtained from tissues at necropsy. No gross pathological lesions were consistently noted in the experimentally infected piglets. In experiment 2, two piglets each were infected per os with A. butzleri ATCC 49616, A. cryaerophilus. 1A, ATCC 43158, A. skirrowii CCUG 10374, or the single A. butzleri field strain Yard J/c ( similar to 5 x 10 super(9) CFU per piglet). Arcobacter spp. were cultured from rectal swab samples of all but one of the experimentally infected piglets at least once. At necropsy Arcobacter spp. were cultured from the liver, kidney, ileum, or brain tissues of two of the four A. butzleri-infected piglets. However, no severe gross pathology was noted. These data suggest that Arcobacter spp., especially A. butzleri, can colonize neonatal pigs. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Wesley, I V AU - Baetz, AL AU - Larson, D J AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2295 EP - 2299 VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Arcobacter skirrowii KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - colostrum KW - deprivation KW - Cesarean section KW - Arcobacter butzleri KW - Arcobacter cryaerophilus KW - colonization KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15624032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Infection+of+cesarean-derived+colostrum-deprived+1-day-old+piglets+with+Arcobacter+butzleri%2C+Arcobacter+cryaerophilus%2C+and+Arcobacter+skirrowii&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V%3BBaetz%2C+AL%3BLarson%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arcobacter butzleri; Arcobacter cryaerophilus; Cesarean section; colostrum; deprivation; colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern United States AN - 15623966; 3934881 AB - In a tick-spirochete survey conducted from fall 1989 through fall 1992 in northwestern Wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. Infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). Of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), 60 (5%) Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) from 8 species of birds were infected with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner. Similar surveys conducted in 1990 and 1991 in Minnesota and Michigan yielded 223 H. leporispalustris from 61 birds (composed of 23 species), all free of spirochetes. However, 1 B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis (Say) was found on 1 bird species in Minnesota. Most ticks were collected in fall from ground-foraging birds such as thrushes and sparrows. These results confirm that tick-infested birds are important in disseminating Lyme disease spirochetes and may also play a role as sources for infecting ticks. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Nicholls, TH AU - Callister, S M AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA-FS, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 379 EP - 384 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - vector-borne diseases KW - Aves KW - USA KW - Acari KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Lyme+disease+spirochetes+in+ticks+collected+from+birds+in+midwestern+United+States&rft.au=Nicholls%2C+TH%3BCallister%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Borrelia burgdorferi; Acari; Ixodidae; USA; Lyme disease; vector-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of remote sensing for evapotranspiration monitoring over land surfaces AN - 15623633; 3935480 AB - Monitoring evapotranspiration (ET) at large scales is important for assessing climate and anthropogenic effects on natural and agricultural ecosystems. This paper describes techniques used in evaluating ET with remote sensing, which is the only technology that can efficiently and economically provide regional and global coverage. Some of the empirical/statistical techniques have been used operationally with satellite data for computing daily ET at regional scales. The more complex numerical simulation models require detailed input parameters that may limit their application to regions containing a large database of soils and vegetation properties. Current efforts are being directed towards simplifying the parameter requirements of these models. Essentially all energy balance models rely on an estimate of the available energy (net radiation less soil heat flux). Net radiation is not easily determined from space, although progress is being made. Simplified approaches for estimating soil heat flux appear promising for operational applications. In addition, most ET models utilize remote sensing data in the shortwave and thermal wavelengths to measure key boundary conditions. Differences between the radiometric surface temperature and aerodynamic temperature can be significant and progress in incorporating this effect is evident. Atmospheric effects on optical data are significant, and optical sensors cannot see through clouds. This has led some to use microwave observations as a surrogate for optical data to provide estimates of surface moisture and surface temperature; preliminary results are encouraging. The approaches that appear most promising use surface temperature and vegetation indices or a time rate of change in surface temperature coupled to an atmospheric boundary layer model. For many of these models, differences with ET observations can be as low as 20% from hourly to daily time scales, approaching the level of uncertainty in the measurement of ET and contradicting some recent pessimistic conclusions concerning the utility of remotely sensed radiometric surface temperature for determining the surface energy balance. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Kustas, W P AU - Norman, J M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20750, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 495 EP - 516 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climates KW - monitoring KW - regional analysis KW - data acquisition KW - evapotranspiration KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Use+of+remote+sensing+for+evapotranspiration+monitoring+over+land+surfaces&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BNorman%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; evapotranspiration; monitoring; data acquisition; regional analysis; energy; climates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Romote sensing applications to hydrology: Soil moisture AN - 15623579; 3935481 AB - Passive and active microwave remote sensing instruments are capable of measuring the surface soil moisture (0-5 cm) and can be implemented on high altitude platforms, e.g. spacecraft, for repetitive large area observations. The amount of water present in a soil affects its dielectric properties. The dielectric properties, along with several other physical characteristics, determine the microwave measurement. In addition, the significance of the dielectric properties depends upon the sensor design, especially the wavelength. Instruments operating at longer wavelengths (>5 cm) have fewer problems with the atmosphere and vegetation, sense a deeper soil layer and maximize soil moisture sensitivity. Another instrument concern is whether to use an active or passive microwave approach. Active approaches, especially synthetic aperture radar, can provide extremely good ground resolution from space (10 km). The existing data interpretation algorithms for passive data are well tested for bare soil and vegetation and can be applied to a wide range of conditions. At the present time, the active microwave algorithms have not been widely verified. There has been a significant amount of recent research using both active and passive methods as a result of the availability of new sensor systems. With these new instruments have also come greater efforts to integrate the observations in large scale multidisciplinary investigations. A greater emphasis on the spatial distribution and temporal behaviour of soil moisture has produced some very interesting and valuable data sets that demonstrate the potential of a dedicated observing system for scientific and operational studies. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Jackson, T J AU - Schmugge, J AU - Engman, E T AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 517 EP - 530 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - hydrology KW - moisture content KW - data acquisition KW - microwaves KW - remote sensing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Romote+sensing+applications+to+hydrology%3A+Soil+moisture&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BSchmugge%2C+J%3BEngman%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; hydrology; soil water; moisture content; data acquisition; microwaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spaceborne remote sensing for snow hydrology applications AN - 15623406; 3935479 AB - Certain satellite-based remote sensing for snow hydrology applications has been very positive, namely, snow areal extent mapping using visible and near-infrared sensors and snow water equivalent using passive microwave techniques. Although certain problems are yet to be solved, very specific applications have become operational. Data from the NOAA-AVHRR sensor are used to produce snow extent maps for about 4000 basins in North America and the data are distributed electronically by the NWS National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center. At the Canadian Climate Centre, a method has been developed for real time estimation of areal snow water equivalent over the Canadian prairies using microwave brightness temperatures, and the snow water equivalent maps are distributed to operational hydrological forecasters. Current research may also prove fruitful for estimates of snow wetness or active melting, snow albedo and snow grain size. It appears that forthcoming improvements in passive microwave spatial resolution should increase the applicability of the data for snow hydrology. The spectral and spatial resolution of the visible/near-infrared data will also be improved with the launch of EOS/MODIS. Combinations of sensors and integration with other types of data will further improve the suitability of spaceborne data. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 477 EP - 494 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sensors KW - hydrology KW - hydrologic data KW - data acquisition KW - snow KW - mapping KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Spaceborne+remote+sensing+for+snow+hydrology+applications&rft.au=Rango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remote sensing applications to hydrology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; snow; hydrology; data acquisition; mapping; sensors; hydrologic data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Pasteurella multocida toxin on physeal growth in young pigs AN - 15620963; 3934252 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) affects growth of the proximal portion of the humerus of young pigs. All pigs given 0.1 mu g of PMT/kg without serum died or were euthanatized, as were 4 pigs given 0.05 mu g of PMT/kg. These pigs had increased serum interleukin 1 and 6 bioactivities. Pigs surviving 0.05 mu g PMT had decreased weight gain, rough coat, marked atrophy of the ventral concha (as determined by turbinate perimeter ratios), and small stature. The surviving pigs also had reduced area and decreased proliferation indices in physeal chondrocytes on the basis of bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactivity. Control and serum-treated pigs gained weight, had no clinical effects, had similar physeal areas, and had higher cell proliferation indices. PMT inhibits endochondral bone formation by reducing physeal area and chondrocyte proliferation in vivo. Hyperimmune serum neutralizes the effects of toxin on weight gain, clinical appearance, physeal area, and chondrocyte proliferation. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Register, K B AU - Stabel, J R AU - Gwaltney, S M AU - Howe, T S AU - Rimler, R B AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Avian and Swine Respiratory Dis., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 848 EP - 852 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - pigs KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - humerus KW - toxins KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - bone growth KW - cell proliferation KW - chondrocytes KW - bone (endochondral) KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - T 20010:Bone growth and remodelling KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15620963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Pasteurella+multocida+toxin+on+physeal+growth+in+young+pigs&rft.au=Ackermann%2C+M+R%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BGwaltney%2C+S+M%3BHowe%2C+T+S%3BRimler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; toxins; humerus; bone growth; chondrocytes; cell proliferation; bone (endochondral) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles after chronic exposure to ozone AN - 15619858; 3933784 AB - Concentrations of soluble and bound phenolic compounds were measured in needles of 3-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees exposed from May to November 1993 to a range of ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations in open-top field chambers. The treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), and NF air with O sub(3) added at 1 times 5 times (NF 1 times 5) and 2 times 0 times (NF 2 times 0) the ambient O sub(3) concentration for 12 h daily. Average daily (0800-2000 hours) O sub(3) concentrations in the CF, NF, NF 1 times 5 and NF 2 times 0 treatments were c. 29, 47, 76 and 98 nl l super(-1), respectively, for the 140 d treatment period. At the end of the treatment period, total phenolic and proanthocyanidin concentrations in the previous year's needles were 25-29% higher in the NF 2 times 0 treatment compared with the lower O sub(3) treatments. Catechin concentration increased in the previous year's needles by as much as 81% between the NF 2 times 0 treatment and the lower O sub(3) treatments. Catechin is an effective antioxidant, and elevated levels might confer some protection against O sub(3) injury. No significant differences in total phenolics and proanthocyanidins in the previous year's needles were detected among the remaining O sub(3) treatments, or among any O sub(3) treatment for the current year's needles. Lignin content in needles of both years was not significantly affected by O sub(3) exposure. JF - New Phytologist AU - Booker, F L AU - Anttonen, S AU - Heagle, A S AD - USDA/ARS, Air Quality Res. Program and Dep. Crop Sci., Box 7632, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 483 EP - 492 VL - 132 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - Pinus taeda KW - pollution effects KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15619858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Catechin%2C+proanthocyanidin+and+lignin+contents+of+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda%29+needles+after+chronic+exposure+to+ozone&rft.au=Booker%2C+F+L%3BAnttonen%2C+S%3BHeagle%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; ozone; air pollution; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae and R. solani AG-8 on wheat and detection of R. oryzae in plant tissue by PCR AN - 15617635; 3930721 AB - Rhizoctonia oryzae and R. solani anastomosis group (AG)-8 both cause root rot of wheat and barley, but R. oryzae has been considered secondary in importance to R. solani AG-8 on these cereals in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Of 19 isolates of R. oryzae, 12 caused both preemergence damping-off of wheat and a significant reduction in root biomass of 21-day-old seedlings in natural soil at 12 degree C, whereas 7 isolates induced minimal or no damage to wheat under these growth conditions. R. solani AG-8 had no effect on seedling emergence and seminal root development, but four of eight isolates tested caused severe root rot of wheat. Thus, R. oryzae and R. solani AG-8 may cause distinctive and different damage as pathogens of wheat, and their relative importance may vary among field sites and with the developmental stage of the host plant. The nucleotide sequence of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions was divergent between the two species; therefore, the oligonucleotide primers RO1 and RO2 were developed from sequences within ITS1 and ITS2, respectively, that are unique to R. oryzae. These primers amplified a 511-bp fragment from DNA of R. oryzae but not DNA from any intraspecific group of R. solani or from binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. A polymerase chain reaction protocol with the RO1 and RO2 primer set was used to detect R. oryzae in wheat roots and is a suitable method to diagnose this fungus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Wong, Oi Tak AU - Cook, R J AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 365 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 354 EP - 360 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Rhizoctonia oryzae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - virulence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15617635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Rhizoctonia+oryzae+and+R.+solani+AG-8+on+wheat+and+detection+of+R.+oryzae+in+plant+tissue+by+PCR&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BWong%2C+Oi+Tak%3BCook%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Triticum aestivum; root rot; virulence; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism by which gamma irradiation increases the sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 to heat AN - 15616087; 3930412 AB - Effects of irradiation and heating on survival of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 were examined by measuring DNA damage and the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. S. typhimurium cells fell into two distinct groups following heating: (i) heat-sensitive cells, which were rapidly inactivated at 65 degree C and (ii) heat-resistant cells, which were only slowly inactivated at 65 degree C. Radiation sensitivity of S. typhimurium was greater in the presence of air than in the presence of N sub(2) gas (radiation doses required to inactivate 90% of the cells, 0.394 plus or minus 0.029 in air and 0.561 plus or minus 0.035 in N sub(2)). Recovery of the covalently closed circular form of plasmid pBR322 from S. typhimurium transformants (Amp super(r) Tet super(r)) was decreased by irradiation but not by heating. Heating prior irradiation significantly decreased the recovery of plasmid DNA without affecting survival of S. typhimurium. Transformability of the recovered plasmid pBR322 was affected by neither irradiation nor heating, and mutation of antibiotic resistance genes was not detected in S. typhimurium. Heating, but not irradiation, caused destabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing penetration of hydrophobic dye. These results suggest that lethality of heating followed by irradiation for S. typhimurium was additive, reflecting irradiation-induced DNA damage and heat-induced membrane destabilization. When irradiation preceded heating in the absence of air, more cells were inactivated than was expected, because of heat-inactivating radiation-damaged DNA. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Yonghwi Kim, A AU - Wayne Thayer, D AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid La., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1759 EP - 1763 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - heat tolerance KW - radiation KW - safety KW - food poisoning KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15616087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Mechanism+by+which+gamma+irradiation+increases+the+sensitivity+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+ATCC+14028+to+heat&rft.au=Yonghwi+Kim%2C+A%3BWayne+Thayer%2C+D&rft.aulast=Yonghwi+Kim&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; radiation; heat tolerance; food poisoning; safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between coyotes and red foxes in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming AN - 15615813; 3932058 AB - Interactions between coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) indicate that coyotes often tolerate foxes, and yet at other times, are aggressive and kill foxes. The frequency and context in which coyotes are aggressive or tolerant of foxes are unknown. We observed 66 interactions between coyotes and red foxes in Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming, from February 1991 to April 1993. Foxes were deterred, displaced, or tolerated by coyotes in 17, 30, and 53% of the encounters, respectively. Deterrence and displacement of foxes by coyotes occurred at a similar frequency in the absence and presence of an ungulate carcass. Tolerance of foxes by coyotes occurred most frequently in the absence of a carcass. A group of coyotes feeding or resting at a carcass was a deterrent to approaching foxes. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Gese, E M AU - Stotts, TE AU - Grothe, S AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5295, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 377 EP - 382 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Vulpes vulpes KW - USA, Wyoming KW - agonistic behavior KW - Canis latrans KW - interspecific relationships KW - tolerance KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15615813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+coyotes+and+red+foxes+in+Yellowstone+National+Park%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Gese%2C+E+M%3BStotts%2C+TE%3BGrothe%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gese&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Vulpes vulpes; USA, Wyoming; interspecific relationships; tolerance; agonistic behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spring migration of western sandpipers along the Pacific Coast of North America: A telemetry study AN - 15614205; 3930921 AB - We studied the migratory movements of radio-equipped Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) along a 4,000 km stretch of the west coast of North America from California to Alaska during the 1992 spring migration. A total of 77 shorebirds were radio-tagged at San Francisco Bay, CA; Bolinas Lagoon, CA; Fraser River Delta, British Columbia; and the Stikine River Delta, AK. Daily aerial and ground monitoring from mid-April to late May at banding sites as well as the Copper River Delta provided data on length of stay of individual shorebirds and migration times between study areas. Fifty-eight shorebirds were detected beyond banding sites for a 74% net relocation rate. The proportion of birds detected along the migration route increased with latitude: Grays Harbor, WA (3.4%); Fraser River, British Columbia (8.6%); Stikine River, AK (28.6%); and Copper River, AK (62.3%). Length of stay averaged three days per site. We failed to detect differences in length of stay among sites or between sexes. A condition index calculated as body mass standardized for body size was a poor indicator of length of stay at a site or migration time among sites. An estimated 26% of radio-equipped birds were never relocated suggesting that migrant birds use smaller dispersed wetlands as well as the major intertidal wetland complexes we studied. We conclude that most spring migrant Western Sandpipers use a short-flight hopping migration strategy rather than a few sustained long flights. The short-flight strategy emphasizes the importance of maintaining a continuous complex of intertidal wetland habitats along the migration route to ensure shorebird conservation. JF - Condor AU - Iverson, G C AU - Warnock, SE AU - Butler, R W AU - Bishop, MA AU - Warnock, N AD - USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 10 EP - 21 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - chronology KW - marine birds KW - migration KW - migratory species KW - movements KW - radio-tagging KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - tagging KW - INE, North America KW - Calidris mauri KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15614205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Spring+migration+of+western+sandpipers+along+the+Pacific+Coast+of+North+America%3A+A+telemetry+study&rft.au=Iverson%2C+G+C%3BWarnock%2C+SE%3BButler%2C+R+W%3BBishop%2C+MA%3BWarnock%2C+N&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tagging; marine birds; migratory species; migration; chronology; movements; radio-tagging; Calidris mauri; INE, North America; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of low temperatures on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts AN - 15614182; 3931954 AB - Microcentrifuge tubes containing 8 x 10 super(6) purified oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum suspended in 400 mu l of deionized water were stored at 5 degree C for 168 h or frozen at -10, -15, -20, and -70 degree C for 1 h to 168 h and then thawed at room temperature (21 degree C). Fifty microliters containing 10 super(6) oocysts was administered to each of five to seven neonatal BALB/c mice by gastric intubation. Segments of ileum, cecum, and colon were taken for histology from each mouse 72 or 96 h later. Freeze-thawed oocysts were considered viable and infectious only when developmental-stage C. parvum organisms were found microscopically in the tissue sections. Developmental-stage parasites were not found in tissues from any mice that received oocysts frozen at -70 degree C for 1, 8, or 24 h. All mice that received oocysts frozen at -20 degree C for 1, 3, and 5 h had developmental-stage C. parvum; one of 6 mice that received oocysts frozen at -20 degree C for 8 h had a few developmental-stage parasites; mice that received oocysts frozen at -20 degree C for 24 and 168 h had no parasites. All mice that received oocysts frozen at -15 degree C for 8 and 24 h had developmental-stage parasites; mice that received oocysts frozen at -15 degree C for 168 h had no parasites. All mice that received oocysts frozen at -10 degree C for 8, 24, and 168 h and those that received oocysts stored at 5 degree C for 168 h had developmental-stage parasites. These findings demonstrate for the first time that oocysts of C. parvum in water can retain viability and infectivity after freezing and that oocysts survive longer at higher freezing temperatures. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fayer, R AU - Nerad, T AD - Parasite Immunobiol. Lab., Livestock and Poultry Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1431 EP - 1433 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - viability KW - temperature KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cryptosporidium KW - epidemiology KW - oocysts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15614182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+low+temperatures+on+viability+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BNerad%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium; temperature; oocysts; epidemiology; viability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ignitability analysis of siding materials using modified protocol for lift apparatus AN - 15608003; 3927837 AB - This paper reports on the ignitability of common siding materials that could be exposed to wildland fires. When exposed to brands or fires, structures will experience piloted ignition, which is requisite for sustained ignition involving burn-through and surface flame spread in various directions. In this study, the Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread Test (LIFT) apparatus (ASTM E1321 and E1317) was used to test various siding materials (plywoods, softwoods, and vinyl), some of which were painted, humidified, or sawed. A recently developed protocol provided useful, accurate values of the following thermophysical properties: surface emissivity, surface ignition temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. Full consistency was achieved with independent literature values of these properties and can be used directly in the database of fire growth models. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Dietenberger, MA AD - USDA Forest Serv. Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 115 EP - 121 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0308-0501, 0308-0501 KW - siding materials KW - ignition KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - materials testing KW - H SE8.23:FIRE IGNITION AND PROPAGATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15608003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Ignitability+analysis+of+siding+materials+using+modified+protocol+for+lift+apparatus&rft.au=Dietenberger%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Dietenberger&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=03080501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - materials testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of white clover to ozone in different environments AN - 15606506; 3926658 AB - The value of research on effects of O sub(3) done in greenhouse or field exposure systems is often questioned because chamber environments may affect plant response. Foliar injury, chlorophyll, and forage weight responses of two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to ambient O sub(3) were compared for plants grown in charcoal-filtered (CF) and nonfiltered air (NF) in a greenhouse and open-top field chambers and in ambient air (AA) plots at Raleigh, NC. One clone is sensitive to O sub(3) (NC-S), whereas the other is resistant (NC-R). Comparisons of individual clone responses in CF vs. NF treatments in the greenhouse and in the field and the proportional response of the clones (defined as the NC-S/NC-R response ratio) were used to indicate the relative response to O sub(3) in the different environments. Foliar injury and chlorophyll response of NC-S to O sub(3) were similar in the NF greenhouse, NF open-top chambers, and in AA. However, for individual harvests, the percentage decrease in NC-S forage weight in NF compared with CF was 7 to 23% greater in the greenhouse than in open-top chambers. The NC-S/NC-R forage ratios indicated that clover response to O sub(3) in NF open-top field chambers was the same as in AA. Large environmental differences between greenhouse and open-top chambers apparently caused differences in plant responses to O sub(3), whereas relatively small environment differences between open-top chambers and ambient air did not. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Reinert, R A AU - Miller, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Air Quality Res. Unit, 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 273 EP - 278 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - plants KW - Trifolium repens KW - air quality KW - ozone KW - phytotoxicity KW - pollution effects KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Response+of+white+clover+to+ozone+in+different+environments&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BReinert%2C+R+A%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; ozone; pollution effects; plants; phytotoxicity; toxicity testing; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest structural characteristics of accipiter nesting habitat: Is there an allometric relationship? AN - 15605280; 3923974 AB - In montane forest of the western United States, a general correlation of accipiter body size and scaling of the vegetation component of nesting sites and nest trees used by sympatric Accipiter species has been reported. We evaluated this pattern with vegetation data collected at Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Cooper's Hawk (A. cooperii), and Sharp-shinned Hawk (A. striatus) nest sites in the Jemez Mountains and Pajarito Plateau of north-central New Mexico. We selected habitat variables at the nest tree and nest site scale that would allow us to evaluate the prediction that accipiters use nesting habitat in which their body size is positively correlated with tree size and three spacing, and inversely correlated with three density, basal area, and percent canopy closure. At the nest-site level, density of larger diameter trees should be positively correlated with body size, and density of smaller diameter trees should be inversely correlated with body size. Our results suggest that nest tree height and diameter support body size predictions about nesting habitat for accipiter hawks. None of the nest-site parameters measured in this study supported the body size predictions due to a large amount of intra-specific variation. As a result of this variation, it was difficult to differentiate between Cooper's Hawk and Northern Goshawk nest sites for most site variables. These results suggest there is a correlation between accipiter size and nest three size, but that a correlation between nest site structural size and accipiter body size may not be a widespread phenomenon for all vegetation variables for all three species. Many commonly measured forest stand structural characteristics such as basal area and total tree densities may not be adequate for predicting suitable accipiter nesting habitat in all areas, particularly in the absence of comparisons with available habitat. JF - Condor AU - Siders AU - Kennedy, P L AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Kaibab Ranger District, P.O. Box 248, Fredonia, AZ 86022, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - nesting KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - Accipiter KW - USA, New Mexico KW - habitat utilization KW - site selection KW - stand structure KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15605280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Forest+structural+characteristics+of+accipiter+nesting+habitat%3A+Is+there+an+allometric+relationship%3F&rft.au=Siders%3BKennedy%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Siders&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accipiter; USA, New Mexico; site selection; habitat utilization; forests; stand structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus has a bipartite genome and induces phloem-limited inclusions characteristic of the closteroviruses AN - 15604743; 3922058 AB - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) is a newly described closterovirus. Virions purified from TICV-infected plants contained two single-stranded (ss) RNAs, one of approximately 7,800 (RNA 1) and the other 7,400 (RNA 2) nucleotides. Double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis showed two prominent dsRNAs of approximately 7,800 and 7,400 bp, as well as several smaller dsRNAs. The TICV virion ssRNAs were used for cDNA cloning. Of 200 cDNA clones analyzed, 10 clones containing cDNAs ranging in size from about 900 to 1,500 nucleotides were used to generate digoxigenin-UTP-labeled transcripts. These transcripts hybridized with the TICV ssRNAs in Northern blot hybridization analyses and were used in dot-blot analyses to confirm TICV infection in several host plants including tomato, potato, Physalis wrightii, Nicotiana clevelandii, and artichoke. None of the probes reacted with any uninfected host plant tested or with plants infected with four other clostero- or clostero-like viruses including lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus, lettuce chlorosis virus, cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, and beet pseudo yellows virus. Northern blot hybridization analyses using selected riboprobes showed no detectable homology between TICV dsRNA 1 and 2, or between subsets of smaller dsRNAs. Inclusion bodies, characteristic of the closteroviruses, were consistently associated with the phloem of TICV-infected N. clevelandii. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wisler, G C AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Klaassen, V A AU - Duffus, JE AU - Falk, B W AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Agric. Res. Stn., 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 622 EP - 626 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - tomato infectious chlorosis virus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - RNA KW - hybridization analysis KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15604743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Tomato+infectious+chlorosis+virus+has+a+bipartite+genome+and+induces+phloem-limited+inclusions+characteristic+of+the+closteroviruses&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BKlaassen%2C+V+A%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BFalk%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to poultry skin as related to cell viability AN - 15601779; 3926412 AB - super(3)H-labeled S. typhimurium cells inactivated by gamma-radiation ( super(60)Co) and by formaldehyde (5%) were used to determine if cell viability affected attachment to poultry skin. Both gamma-irradiated and formaldehyde-treated cells attached like live cells. There was no difference in attachment between cells grown in a chemically defined medium (SCDM) or in brain heart infusion broth (BHI). Live and gamma-irradiated cells and BHI-grown and SCDM-grown cells had similar surface hydrophobicity. Live and gamma-irradiated cells had similar cell surface charges, whereas BHI and SCDM-grown cells had different surface charges. Differences in cell surface charge did not affect attachment rate. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Kim, KY AU - Lillard, H S AU - Frank, J F AU - Craven, SE AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, R. B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 439 EP - 441 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - adherence KW - viability KW - poultry KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - media KW - skin KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15601779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Attachment+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+to+poultry+skin+as+related+to+cell+viability&rft.au=Kim%2C+KY%3BLillard%2C+H+S%3BFrank%2C+J+F%3BCraven%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=KY&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; adherence; poultry; viability; media; skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorene oxidation in vivo by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro during manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation AN - 15598394; 3922884 AB - The oxidation of fluorene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon which is not a substrate for fungal lignin peroxidase, was studied in liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro with P. chrysosporium extracellular enzymes. Intact fungal cultures metabolized fluorene to 9-hydroxyfluorene via 9-fluorenone. Some conversion to more-polar products was also observed. Oxidation of fluorene to 9-fluorenone was also obtained in vitro in a system that contained manganese (II), unsaturated fatty acid, and either crude P. chrysosporium peroxidases or purified recombinant manganese peroxidase. The oxidation of fluorene in vitro was inhibited by the free-radical scavenger butylated hydroxytoluene but not by the lignin peroxidase inhibitor NaVO sub(3). Manganese(III)-malonic acid complexes could not oxidize fluorene. These results indicate that fluorene oxidation in vitro was a consequence of lipid peroxidation mediated by P. chrysosporium manganese peroxidase. The rates of fluorene and diphenylmethane disappearance in vitro were significantly faster than those of true polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or fluoranthenes, whose rates of disappearance were ionization potential dependent. This result indicates that the initial oxidation of fluorene proceeds by mechanisms other than electron abstraction and that benzylic hydrogen abstraction is probably the route for oxidation. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bogan, B W AU - Lamar, R T AU - Hammel, KE AD - USDA Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1788 EP - 1792 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fluorene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - degradation KW - oxidation KW - bioremediation KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - soil KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fluorene+oxidation+in+vivo+by+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+and+in+vitro+during+manganese+peroxidase-dependent+lipid+peroxidation&rft.au=Bogan%2C+B+W%3BLamar%2C+R+T%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Bogan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; oxidation; degradation; soil; bioremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthropod biomass in winter and the age of longleaf pines AN - 15598150; 3915306 AB - The endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) satisfies its nutrient requirements by capturing arthropods from live pine trees. Age of pine stands has been used as a guide for providing suitable habitat for the species, however, little is known about the relationship of arthropods to age of pines. The relationship on longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) 22-127 years old was examined in winter. Arthropod biomass/m super(2) on the bole, live limbs and dead limbs was related to tree age, radial growth 6-10 years before sampling and ambient temperature. Arthropod biomass/m super(2) declined with increasing tree age on the lower, mid- and upper bole; increased with tree age on dead limbs; and increased with tree age on live limbs until 80 years when it declined with increasing age. Slower growing trees had higher arthropod biomass/m super(2) for a given age than faster growing trees. Total arthropod biomass for the whole tree increased with tree age up to 86 years, when it declined with increasing tree age. However, the older the tree, the greater the arthropod biomass on dead limbs. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hooper, R G AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 115 EP - 131 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 82 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - endangered species KW - foraging behavior KW - biomass KW - Picoides borealis KW - age KW - Pinus palustris KW - Insecta KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Arthropod+biomass+in+winter+and+the+age+of+longleaf+pines&rft.au=Hooper%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; Picoides borealis; Insecta; age; biomass; foraging behavior; endangered species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus - A new clostero-like virus transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum AN - 15596095; 3917568 AB - A previously undescribed virus disease of tomato, other crops and weed hosts was found in California. Affected tomato plants exhibited interveinal yellowing, necrosis and severe yield losses. Leaf dips and purified preparations contained closterovirus-like long flexuous, filamentous particles approximately 12 x 850-900 nm. The virus, designated as tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), is transmitted in a semipersistent manner by the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. The host range of the virus is moderate (26 species in 8 plant families) but includes some important crops and ornamental species including tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum), tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), artichoke (Cynara scolymus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). The virus has been found in a number of different locations in California and has a number of potential vehicles of movement including greenhouse grown ornamentals, tomato transplants, artichoke cuttings and potato seed. The virus has the potential to spread to other growing regions with resident populations of the greenhouse whitefly. The host range, particle size, insect transmission, and serology clearly distinguish TICV from previously described viruses. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Duffus, JE AU - Liu, Hsing-Yeh AU - Wisler, G C AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Agric. Res. Stn., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 226 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - tomato infectious chlorosis virus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aleyrodidae KW - disease transmission KW - vectors KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - plant diseases KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15596095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Tomato+infectious+chlorosis+virus+-+A+new+clostero-like+virus+transmitted+by+Trialeurodes+vaporariorum&rft.au=Duffus%2C+JE%3BLiu%2C+Hsing-Yeh%3BWisler%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Duffus&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Lycopersicon esculentum; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; plant diseases; vectors; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of growth culture physiological state, metabolites, and formulation on the viability, phytotoxicity, and efficacy of the take-all biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 stored encapsulated on wheat seeds AN - 15595902; 3919581 AB - Strain 2-79 is a biocontrol agent of take-all, an important root disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In the rhizosphere, strain 2-79 produces the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid as the primary means of disease suppression. Barriers to the commercial use of phenazine-producing pseudomonads, such as strain 2-79, include the lack of liquid-culture and formulation technologies needed to optimize cost-effective mass production and application. For instance, there is little published research concerning the impact of growth culture physiological state and associated metabolites on the biocontrol qualities of the cells harvested and formulated in seed coatings, i.e., efficacy, phytotoxicity, and storage survival. To enable exploration of these issues, cells of strain 2-79 in various physiological states were obtained by harvesting fermentors at 24-h intervals after inoculation. Cells formulated in 0.5% methylcellulose suspended in either water (MW) or metabolite-bearing, spent culture broth (MSB) were applied as wheat-seed coatings, air dried, and stored at 4 degree C. Younger cells (24-48 h) had twice the drying survival rate but only half of the, storage life demonstrated by older cells (72-96 h). Cell populations surviving drying were 3.5 times higher in MW than in MSB formulations and they remained viable up to 3 times longer. This effect of formulation on viability was attributable to the culture nutrients but not the metabolites present in the spent broth. Disease suppression in bacterized seed treatments was significant relative to unbacterized controls and averaged 9.1%, but did not vary significantly with culture age, encapsulation medium, or storage time. Relative seedling height improvement increased with relative disease suppression and significantly decreased with lengthening storage time. This latter decline in plant growth promotion coincided with the deterioration of biocontrol agent viability during storage. Seed batches inoculated with cells in both MW and MSB encapsulations suffered significant germination losses due to phytotoxic metabolites. The extent of loss was an interactive result of encapsulation medium and storage time, and the rate of loss was much higher for seeds with MSB than with MW coatings, i.e. 54% compared to 11% loss after 6 months storage. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Slininger, P J AU - Van-Cauwenberge, JE AU - Bothast, R J AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Cook, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 391 EP - 398 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - antibiotics KW - phenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - biological control KW - Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici KW - media (culture) KW - seed treatments KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15595902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+growth+culture+physiological+state%2C+metabolites%2C+and+formulation+on+the+viability%2C+phytotoxicity%2C+and+efficacy+of+the+take-all+biocontrol+agent+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+2-79+stored+encapsulated+on+wheat+seeds&rft.au=Slininger%2C+P+J%3BVan-Cauwenberge%2C+JE%3BBothast%2C+R+J%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BCook%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Slininger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; seed treatments; media (culture); Pseudomonas fluorescens; Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinase-directed chromosome engineering in plants AN - 15594875; 3921874 AB - Directed recombination of specific sequences can be utilized to bring about profound changes in gene expression and genome organization. In past years, the deployment of site-specific recombination systems in the plant genome has produced site-directed excision and inversion of transgenes, integration of exogenous DNA into genomic recombination sites, and the rearrangement of chromosome segments. In particular, the rearrangement events that involve large segments of host DNA represent a novel approach to genome engineering and show promise for precise, predictable and reproducible restructuring of higher eukaryotic genomes. In the light of recent reports of plant genome synteny, the concept of reshuffling blocks of chromosome information into new combinations may lead to exciting opportunities for creating new plant varieties for basic research and practical applications. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - chromosomes KW - recombination KW - plants KW - DNA KW - genomes KW - G 07349:General KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15594875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Recombinase-directed+chromosome+engineering+in+plants&rft.au=Ow%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; chromosomes; recombination; genomes; DNA; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of hardwood leaf litter in the Fernow Whole-Watershed Acidification Experiment AN - 15594781; 3915321 AB - Two watersheds are part of an on-going long-term artificial acidification experiment: the treatment watershed (WS3) has received 60.5 kg S ha-1 year-1 and 54 kg N ha-1 year-1 via aerial applications of ammonium sulfate fertilizer since 1989. After 3 years of treatment, freshly fallen leaves of four hardwood tree species (Liriodendron tulipifera, Prunus serotina, Acer saccharum, and Betula lenta) were collected and placed in litter bags, which were placed in stands in the treatment and control watersheds. Decay rates differed for L. tulipifera, Prunus serotina, and B. lenta between the two watersheds, with litter from WS3 decaying more slowly over the 2 year study period than litter from the control watershed. Initial concentrations of N, Ca, and K differed between treatment and control watersheds, but these differences disappeared after 2 years. Nutrient loss rates did not vary with treatment. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AU - Angradi, T R AD - USDA Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 61 EP - 69 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 83 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - nitrogen KW - calcium KW - nutrient ratio KW - decomposing organic matter KW - nutrient dynamics KW - leaf litter KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - organic matter KW - leaves KW - detritus KW - decomposition KW - acidification KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15594781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Decomposition+and+nutrient+dynamics+of+hardwood+leaf+litter+in+the+Fernow+Whole-Watershed+Acidification+Experiment&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BAngradi%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic matter; nitrogen; calcium; watersheds; acidification; detritus; leaves; decomposing organic matter; decomposition; USA, New Hampshire; nutrient dynamics; leaf litter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Settling and feeding responses of pea weevil (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to flowers of selected pea lines AN - 15592488; 3917585 AB - This study characterized the settling and feeding responses of female pea weevils, Bruchus pisorum (L.), to flowers of pea lines varying in their susceptibility to pea weevil oviposition and, in so doing, sought to examine the potential of using weevil responses to flowers to screen pea germplasm for antixenosis resistance. In dual-choice laboratory tests, weevils were less frequently observed settling and feeding on flowers of plant introduction lines (PI 196027, PI 263026) with pod antixenosis to ovipositing weevils than on flowers of 2 cultivars ('Alaska', 'Garfield') susceptible to oviposition. Weevils did not discriminate when exposed to 2 flowers from susceptible lines or 2 flowers from resistant lines. These results suggest it may be possible to use a flower assay to screen pea germplasm for antixenosis resistance to pea weevil. This study also demonstrates the application of Markov chain models for the analysis of data in which repeated categorical responses of test insects are observed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Clement, S L AU - Evans, MA AU - Lester, D G AD - Western Regional Introduction Stn., USDA-ARS, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 775 EP - 779 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Bruchus pisorum KW - Pisum sativum KW - feeding behavior KW - Bruchidae KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15592488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Settling+and+feeding+responses+of+pea+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bruchidae%29+to+flowers+of+selected+pea+lines&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BEvans%2C+MA%3BLester%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisum sativum; Bruchus pisorum; Coleoptera; Bruchidae; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Needle, crown, stem, and root phytomass of Pinus sylvestris stands in Russia AN - 15591735; 3915302 AB - With growing concern about predicted global warming, increasing attention is being paid to the phytomass (living plant mass) components of forest stands and their role in the carbon cycle. The ability to predict phytomass components from commonly available inventory data would facilitate our understanding of the latter. We focus on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Russia, with the objective of predicting stand phytomass (Mg/ha) for the four major stand components: needles, crown, stems, and roots. The study area includes regions in Russia where Scots pine is a stand-forming species: from European Russia (33 degree E) to Yakutia (130 degree E) in eastern Siberia. To ensure that results will be widely applicable, only variables consistently measured in forest inventories were considered as possible predictors: stand age, site quality class, and stocking (stand stem volume with bark, m super(3)/ha). Stand phytomass data were obtained from numerous regional and local phytomass studies, and supplemented with additional unpublished data. This is the first comprehensive study synthesizing stand level phytomass relations for P. sylvestris for most of its range in Russia. The combined results from over 18 regional and local phytomass studies provide a level of generality that is not possible with individual local studies. In addition to estimating stand phytomass components across a wide range of conditions, these phytomass models can also be used to verify carbon allocation rules in process-based models. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Monserud, R A AU - Onuchin, A A AU - Tchebakova, N M AD - Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 59 EP - 67 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 82 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - carbon allocation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - carbon cycle KW - Russia KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15591735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Needle%2C+crown%2C+stem%2C+and+root+phytomass+of+Pinus+sylvestris+stands+in+Russia&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A%3BOnuchin%2C+A+A%3BTchebakova%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus sylvestris; Russia; biomass; carbon cycle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of vitamin D sub(3) infusion and dietary calcium on secretion of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor in mice infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis AN - 15591446; 3919516 AB - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), a chronic inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum in ruminants. In the later stages of disease, clinical signs usually include diarrhea, emaciation, inappetence, and edema, leading eventually to recumbency and death. The study reported here was designed to evaluate the effects of 1,25-(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) infusion and low dietary Ca on splenocyte cytokine secretion in mice infected with M paratuberculosis. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Stabel, J R AU - Golf, JP AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Nat. Anim. Dis. Cent., Zoonotic Dis. and Metabolic Dis., Immun. Rear Units, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - tumor necrosis factor KW - calcium KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - nutrition KW - vitamins KW - interleukin 1 KW - interleukin 6 KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15591446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+vitamin+D+sub%283%29+infusion+and+dietary+calcium+on+secretion+of+interleukin+1%2C+interleukin+6%2C+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+in+mice+infected+with+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BGolf%2C+JP&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; interleukin 1; interleukin 6; vitamins; nutrition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaporation of water from agitated freezing slurries at low pressure AN - 15590660; 3917017 AB - In an absorptive vacuum freezing process, water evaporates from the freezing solution and condenses on a cold salt solution. Given sufficient condensing capacity, the evaporation rate will be controlled by the freezing solution vapor pressure. The size of the condensing equipment which matches a given evaporation system can be estimated using rate measurements made with low vapor pressure freezing solutions. JF - Desalination AU - Dickey, L C AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0011-9164, 0011-9164 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - evaporation KW - brackish water KW - desalination KW - water treatment KW - slurries KW - freezing KW - energy KW - SW 1010:Saline water conversion KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desalination&rft.atitle=Evaporation+of+water+from+agitated+freezing+slurries+at+low+pressure&rft.au=Dickey%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Desalination&rft.issn=00119164&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - evaporation; slurries; freezing; desalination; brackish water; energy; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of a baculovirus variant that exhibits enhanced polyhedra production stability during serial passage in cell culture AN - 15590193; 3911939 AB - The formation of few polyhedra mutants during serial propagation of baculoviruses in cell culture encumbers commercial scale production in this system. A Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdM-NPV) variant (isolate A21-MPV) has been isolated and the traits of budded virus (BV) production, synthesis of polyhedra, the percentage of cells that produce polyhedra, and the formation of few polyhedra (FP) mutants were investigated during serial passage of the variant of L. dispar 652Y cells. Isolate A21-MPV exhibited stable levels of BV production and polyhedra production and a small increase in the percentage of cells that produced polyhedra during five serial passages in cell culture. In contrast, isolate A21, a wild-type isolate, exhibited a significant increase in BV production and a decrease in polyhedra production and in the number of cells that produced polyhedra during five serial passages. The traits exhibited by isolate A21 are typically observed when FP mutants are formed and become predominate in a virus population. After five serial passages, greater than 95% of isolate A21 virus exhibited a FP phenotype. In contrast, less than 8% of isolate A21-MPV exhibited a FP phenotype after five serial passages. These results indicate that isolate A21-MPV exhibits enhanced polyhedra production stability during serial passage in Ld652Y cells. Consequently, this isolate could be useful for large-scale production in cell culture systems. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Slavicek, JM AU - Mercer, MJ AU - Kelly, ME AU - Hayes-Plazolles, N AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 153 EP - 160 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - polyhedrin KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - mutants KW - baculovirus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+a+baculovirus+variant+that+exhibits+enhanced+polyhedra+production+stability+during+serial+passage+in+cell+culture&rft.au=Slavicek%2C+JM%3BMercer%2C+MJ%3BKelly%2C+ME%3BHayes-Plazolles%2C+N&rft.aulast=Slavicek&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baculovirus; Lymantria dispar; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; mutants; cell culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen deposition in California forests: A review AN - 15588464; 3917337 AB - Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of the major nitrogenous (N) compounds and their biological effects in California forests are reviewed. Climatic characteristics of California are summarized in light of their effects on pollutant accumulation and transport. Over large areas of the state dry deposition is of greater magnitude than wet deposition due to the arid climate. However, fog deposition can also be significant in areas where seasonal fogs and N pollution sources coincide. The dominance of dry deposition is magnified in airsheds with frequent temperature inversions such as occur in the Los Angeles Air Basin. Most of the deposition in such areas occurs in summer as a result of surface deposition of nitric acid vapor (HNO sub(3)) as well as particulate nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)) and ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+)). Internal uptake of gaseous N pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO sub(2)), nitric oxide (NO), HNO sub(3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ammonia (NH sub(3)), and others provides additional N to forests. Further research is needed to determine the ecological effects of chronic N deposition, and to develop appropriate management options for protecting water quality and managing plant nutrient resources in ecosystems which no longer retain excess N. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Fenn, ME AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA-Forest Serv., Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 127 EP - 146 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - wet deposition KW - air pollution KW - nitrogen KW - dry deposition KW - seasonal variations KW - pollution effects KW - USA, California KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15588464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+deposition+in+California+forests%3A+A+review&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BFenn%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; nitrogen; air pollution; pollution effects; forests; dry deposition; wet deposition; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Pyrax/biomass of biocontrol fungi on snap bean damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in the field and on germination of sclerotia AN - 15588235; 3917887 AB - A 2-year field study at Beltsville, MD, of soil artificially infested with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii strain Sr-1 demonstrated the ability of fermentor-produced biomass of Gliocladium virens isolate Gl-3 in a powder formulation to prevent damping-off of snap beans caused by this pathogen. Plant stands were counted 11 and 35 days after planting. In addition, the CFU of Gl-3 per g of soil in the treatment plots were determined. Pyrax/biomass amended at rates of 15, 30, 60, and 120 g/1.1 m super(2) plots to provide 0.6 to 6.6 x 10 super(4) CFU of Gl-3 per g of soil significantly increased plant stands after 35 days, compared with 7 and 19% stands in the pathogen-infested control soils for 1992 and 1993, respectively. In 1992, the stand increase was correlated (r super(2) = 0.92) with increased rates of the preparation, such that 60 and 120 g of the Pyrax/biomass per plot resulted in stands comparable to those (>85%) in the noninfested control plots. In 1993, although there was no significant correlation (r super(2) = 0.601) between rate of amendment and plant stand, all rates gave stands greater than that in the infested control but not as great as that in the noninfested control. Generally, soil populations of Gl-3 increased by 11 days with higher, but not lower, rates of Pyrax/biomass to about 10 super(5) CFU/g soil during both years. Population levels tended to decline after 35 days of plant growth, but generally remained higher than the amounts added. This population increase suggested establishment of Gl-3 in the soil. A study to determine the influence of Pyrax and biomass of various isolates of Trichoderma spp. and G. virens on the germination of sclerotia of two S. rolfsii isolates (Sr-1 and Sr-3) indicated considerable specificity. G. virens isolates were more effective in reducing sclerotial germination than were isolates of T. viride, T. hamatum, and T. harzianum. Moreover, isolate Gl-3 was more effective that the other G. virens isolates. In addition, S. rolfsii isolate Sr-3, which produces larger and darker sclerotia than those of Sr-1, was less affected by the various isolates of Trichoderma spp. and G. virens than was Sr-1. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lewis, JA AU - Fravel AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 655 EP - 659 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - damping off KW - sclerotia germination KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Trichoderma KW - Gliocladium virens KW - Sclerotium rolfsii KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15588235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Pyrax%2Fbiomass+of+biocontrol+fungi+on+snap+bean+damping-off+caused+by+Sclerotium+rolfsii+in+the+field+and+on+germination+of+sclerotia&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BFravel&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotium rolfsii; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kirramyces phormii comb. nov. from leaves of Phormium AN - 15587049; 3914676 AB - This study was undertaken after the author received specimens of Phormium (Agavaceae, flax lily) from New Zealand with leaf spots in which a coelomycetous fungus was sporulating. Hendersonia phormii, a coelomycetous fungus originally described from leaves of Phormium, is transferred to Kirramyces. The species is redescribed from the host and in culture. Genetic relationships are discussed and characters summarized. Kirramyces phormii is compared to and contrasted with other species in that genus and a key is provided to species of Kirramyces. JF - Mycological Research AU - Palm, ME AD - USDA/APHIS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 373 EP - 376 VL - 100 IS - 3 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Kirramyces phormii KW - Phormium KW - Hendersonia phormii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - leafspot KW - keys KW - taxonomic revision KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Kirramyces+phormii+comb.+nov.+from+leaves+of+Phormium&rft.au=Palm%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Palm&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - taxonomic revision; keys; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production characteristics of striped bass x white bass and striped bass x yellow bass hybrids AN - 15587000; 3915970 AB - The potential for commercial culture of hybrid striped bass is promising in many areas of the United States. While several different striped bass hybrids are candidates for culture, differential performance has not been thoroughly evaluated. Comparative performance of two striped bass hybrids was evaluated in six, 757-L fiberglass tanks receiving a continuous flow of ambient pond water for 397 d. Three replicate tanks were stocked with 50 fingerlings (66 fish/m super(3)) of either striped bass female x white bass male (mean weight 23 g) or striped bass female x yellow bass male hybrids. Fish were fed a 35% protein ration throughout the study, and weight was recorded for all fish at stocking and at 21-d intervals. White bass hybrids grew significantly faster (0.94 g/d) than yellow bass hybrids (0.59 g/d). Survival to harvest averaged 65% and 44% for yellow bass and white bass hybrids, respectively. A significant difference from the expected 1:1 sex ratio occurred for yellow bass hybrids (100% female), but not for white bass hybrids (56% female). Mean condition factor, 1.63 and 1.39, and fillet percentage, 30.7% and 28.4%, was significantly higher for white bass hybrids compared to yellow bass hybrids. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Wolters, W R AU - DeMay, R AD - USDA, Catfish Genet. Res., Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 202 EP - 207 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - hybrids KW - yield KW - condition factor KW - fish culture KW - hybrid culture KW - Morone KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Production+characteristics+of+striped+bass+x+white+bass+and+striped+bass+x+yellow+bass+hybrids&rft.au=Wolters%2C+W+R%3BDeMay%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wolters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hybrids; condition factor; yield; fish culture; hybrid culture; Morone; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California AN - 15586240; 3915313 AB - Elevated N deposition has occurred in the Los Angeles Basin in southern California for at least the last 40 years. Elevated streamwater NO3- fluxes and high nitric oxide (NO) fluxes from soil, indicators of N saturation, have recently been reported for chaparral watersheds exposed to chronic N deposition in the San Gabriel Mountains north/northeast of Los Angeles. A number of nutritional and edaphic parameters across a deposition gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) support the hypothesis that the mixed conifer forest in the western end of the range is also N saturated. Concentrations of NO3- in the soil solution or in soil extracts during the summer months were 14 to 44 times higher at Camp Paivika (CP), a western high N deposition site, than at Camp Osceola (CAO) or Barton Flats (BF), eastern low-pollution sites. Accumulation of NO3- in foliage of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underw.) and overstory species was also much greater at CP than at CAO and a site near BF. Nitric oxide fluxes in mid-August from relatively dry soil at CP were ca. 20 times higher than for typical forests in North America. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, on the other hand, were low in the SBM sites. However, emissions of NO and N2O were several-fold higher at CP than at BF, a relatively low-pollution site. High NO emissions from otherwise undisturbed and well-drained forest soils of the western US may prove useful as a diagnostic indicator of N saturation. Nitrogen mineralization was greater at CP and Dogwood (high-pollution sites) than at CAO and Heartbar (low-pollution sites). Additional indicators of N enrichment at CP compared with the low N deposition sites include: low C : N ratios in soil and foliage, high foliar N : P ratios, higher nitrification rates and high soil acidity. Lower pH and base saturation were observed in soil from two high-pollution sites compared with two low-pollution sites. In summary, high NO emissions and elevated NO3- concentrations in the soil solution and in foliage, and high foliar N : P ratios at CP, indicate N in excess of biotic demand, with potential above-normal loss of N from the ecosystem - and thus, a N-saturated condition. Model outputs from the nutrient cycling model (NuCM) agreed well with field data from the SBM on elevated soil solution NO3- concentrations, reduced soil base saturation, and lack of a growth response to increasing N deposition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AU - Johnson, D W AD - Forest Fire Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, PSW Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 211 EP - 230 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 82 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nitrogen cycle KW - soil nutrients KW - USA, California KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15586240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+nitrogen+saturation+in+the+San+Bernardino+Mountains+in+southern+California&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BJohnson%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; soil nutrients; nitrogen cycle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils AN - 15584319; 3910845 AB - This report describes novel fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with hazardous organic compounds. The inocula are in the form of pelleted solid substrates coated with a sodium alginate suspension of fungal spores or mycelial fragments and incubated until overgrown with the mycelium of selected lignin-degrading fungi. The organisms evaluated were Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (BKM F-1767, ATCC 42725). P. sordida (HHB-8922-Sp), Irpex lacteus (Mad-517, ATCC 11245), Bjerkandera adusta (FP-135160-Sp, ATCC 62023), and Trametes versicolor (MD-277). The pelleted fungal inocula resisted competition and proliferation from indigenous soil microbes, were lower in moisture content than current fungal inocula, and had sufficient mechanical strength to allow handling and introduction into the soil without a change in the mechanical consistency of the pellets. Inoculated at a rate of 3% in artificially contaminated nonsterile soil, I. lacteus, B. adusta, and T. versicolor removed 86, 82, and 90%, respectively, of the pentachlorophenol in 4 weeks. A mathematical model was developed to explain moisture distribution in a hydrogel-coated pelleted substrate. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lamar, R T AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., Forest Products Lab., USDA Forest Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2045 EP - 2052 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - fungi KW - soil pollution KW - pollution KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+fungal+inocula+for+bioaugmentation+of+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; fungi; soil pollution; pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intramammary defense against infections induced by Escherichia coli in cows AN - 15583762; 3910464 AB - Objective-To examine Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on expression of CD14 and CD18 cell surface receptors and lectin/carbohydrate-mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli. Design-Cell isolation, monoclonal antibody, phagocytosis, and flow cytometric studies. Animals-4 clinically normal lactating Holstein cows for studies on CD14 and CD18, and 2 for phagocytosis studies. Procedure-Binding of CD14 and CD18 monoclonal antibodies to blood and milk neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes was studied by flow cytometry before and after intramammary injection of LPS, and nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli blood neutrophils was determined. Presence of intracellular CD14 was determined after in vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk and after fixation and permeabilization of freshly isolated neutrophils. Results-Before LPS injection, percentages of blood neutrophils and large mononuclear (LMO) cells expressing CD14 averaged 3 and 63% and 68 and 35% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS injection, CD14 was only detected on blood and mammary LMO cells (61 and 25%); receptor expression increased by 1.8- and threefold, respectively. In vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk increased the percentage of neutrophils expressing CD14. The number of blood neutrophils staining positive for CD14 increased after permeabilization of the plasma membrane, which was blocked by unlabeled anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies. Before LPS, percentages of blood neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 average 93 and 95% and was 88 and 55% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS, percentages of mammary neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 increased to 100 and 95%, respectively. Expression of CD18 was 2.6-fold higher for mammary neutrophils before injection of LPS, compared with blood neutrophils, either before or after LPS. In absence of opsonins, neutrophils with adherent and phagocytosed E coli averaged 83 and 14%. Conclusions-LPS modulated expression of CD14 and CD18 and lectin-carbohydrate interactions mediated non-opsonic phagocytosis of E coli. An intracellular pool of CD14 exists in bovine neutrophils and is capable of translocating to the cell surface. Clinical Relevance-Development of methods to maximize expression of CD14 receptors on mammary neutrophils involved in production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and nonopsonic phagocytosis could result in reducing prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Paape, MJ AU - Lilius, E-M AU - Wiitanen, P A AU - Kontio, M P AU - Miller, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Immun. and Dis. Resistance Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 477 EP - 482 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - immune response KW - mammary gland KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Intramammary+defense+against+infections+induced+by+Escherichia+coli+in+cows&rft.au=Paape%2C+MJ%3BLilius%2C+E-M%3BWiitanen%2C+P+A%3BKontio%2C+M+P%3BMiller%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Paape&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; immune response; mammary gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of microorganisms with alternan hydrolytic activity AN - 15583267; 3910616 AB - Alternan is an unusual alpha -D-glucan containing alternating (1 arrow right 3), (1 arrow right 6) linkages that exhibits remarkable resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. The commercial potential of the polysaccharide may be enhanced by the ability to economically modify the native form into fractions of varying molecular weight. By employing isolation procedures with covalently dyed alternan as the substrate, several bacterial isolates that produced endohydrolytic activity were obtained in pure culture. The activity was confirmed by decreases in viscosity and by direct examination of the hydrolysis products with thin layer chromatography. Analysis of the hydrolysis products established that all isolates produced enzymes with identical alternan depolymerizing activity, producing a cyclic tetrasaccharide as a major product. All alternanase activity was shown to be extracellularly located. A single strain exhibited constitutive production of alternanase, while all other isolates required the presence of alternan in the growth media for enzyme production. All isolates were phenotypically similar, produced heat-resistant spores, and were tentatively identified as members of the genus Bacillus. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Wyckoff, HA AU - Cote, G L AU - Biely, P AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 North Univ. St., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alternan KW - alternanase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bacteria KW - hydrolysis KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+microorganisms+with+alternan+hydrolytic+activity&rft.au=Wyckoff%2C+HA%3BCote%2C+G+L%3BBiely%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wyckoff&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symbiotic competence, genetic diversity and plasmid profiles of Egyptian isolates of a Rhizobium species from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Dewit AN - 15583029; 3910359 AB - There is considerable interest in improving nitrogen fixation in tropical legume trees to increase soil fertility, particularly in developing countries. To provide information needed for the development of improved strains, characterization of strains of Leucaena nodulating Rhizobium was performed. Thirteen strains were isolated from root nodules of Leucaena leucocephala grown in different geographical regions in Egypt. Plasmid DNA profile groups, including identification of symbiosis-controlling plasmids, were defined. Symbiotic competence was determined in plant tests and some strains were perhaps more symbiotically proficient at fixing nitrogen with L. leucocephala than were reference strains. The genetic diversity of these strains was determined by RFLP analysis of total DNAs using, as probes, six arbitrarily selected cosmid clones from a gene library of strain TAL 1145, a well-characterized reference strain. There were four plasmid profile groups which did not correlate with either symbiotic competence or RFLP analysis. RFLP analysis, unlike plasmid profiles, permitted a determination that all 13 Egyptian strains were evidently homogeneous and quite distinct from previously studied Leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium as represented by reference strains. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Swelim, D M AU - Hashem, F M AU - Abdel-Wahab, S M AU - Hegazi, NI AD - USDA, ARS, Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 347 EP - 352 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Egypt KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leucaena leucocephala KW - genetic diversity KW - nucleotide sequence KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - biotyping KW - DNA KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Symbiotic+competence%2C+genetic+diversity+and+plasmid+profiles+of+Egyptian+isolates+of+a+Rhizobium+species+from+Leucaena+leucocephala+%28Lam.%29+Dewit&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+L+D%3BSwelim%2C+D+M%3BHashem%2C+F+M%3BAbdel-Wahab%2C+S+M%3BHegazi%2C+NI&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leucaena leucocephala; nodulation; symbiosis; DNA; nucleotide sequence; genetic diversity; biotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature ranges, growth optima, and growth rates of Spiroplasma (spiroplasmataceae, class mollicutes) species AN - 15579816; 3910626 AB - A new method was developed for determination of the doubling times of spiroplasmas. In this procedure, the time required for medium acidification of tubes in tenfold dilution series was recorded. Sixty-four spiroplasma strains, representing 24 groups and 11 subgroups, were studied. Eight strains representing putative new groups were also included in the study. Doubling times at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, 37, 41, and 43 degree C were determined. The range of temperatures for spiroplasma growth was 5 degree -41 degree C. Twenty-three spiroplasmas had optima of 30 degree C, 29 had optima of 32 degree C, and 13 had optima of 37 degree C. The fastest growing spiroplasma was the MQ-4 strain (group XI), with a doubling time at optimal temperature of 0.6 h. The slowest was the Jamaican corn stunt strain B655 (subgroup I-3), with an optimal doubling time of 36.7 h. Spiroplasma strain B31 (group IV) had the widest range (5 degree -41 degree c), while the DW-1 strain and some subgroup I-3 strains had the narrowest, growing only at 25 degree and 30 degree C. Some spiroplasmas grew well at 41 degree C, but none grew at 43 degree C. The ability of spiroplasmas to withstand a wide range of temperatures may reflect the conditions to which they are exposed in nature, including the temperatures of the insect, tick, and/or plant hosts in which they are carried and the plant surfaces from which they may be acquired by arthropods. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Konai, M AU - Clark, E A AU - Camp, M AU - Koeh, AL AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Bldg. 465 BARCE, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 314 EP - 319 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - replication KW - Spiroplasma KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15579816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Temperature+ranges%2C+growth+optima%2C+and+growth+rates+of+Spiroplasma+%28spiroplasmataceae%2C+class+mollicutes%29+species&rft.au=Konai%2C+M%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BCamp%2C+M%3BKoeh%2C+AL%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Konai&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; replication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotechnology and new integrated pest management approaches AN - 15577843; 3913226 AB - Area-wide pest management technologies will take on new appearances as the drive to eliminate and/or greatly reduce the use of chemical pesticides increases. The use of genetically altered insects has the most potential for successfully displacing certain pesticides, although the development of genetic engineering technologies for agricultural pest species is still in its infancy. Transformation vectors need to be developed as do transformation methodologies. Here we report the possibility of developing an interspecies vector and discuss ways in which such a vector could be used successfully in an integrated pest management system. If such an approach were developed, it could be utilized with other alternative methods, thereby providing a safe, ecologically sound means of controlling insect pests without damaging the agricultural economy. JF - Bio/Technology (new title: Nature Biotechnology?) AU - DeVault, J D AU - Hughes, K J AU - Johnson, O A AU - Narang, S K AD - USDA/ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 46 EP - 49 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - pests KW - reviews KW - integrated control KW - biological control KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15577843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+and+new+integrated+pest+management+approaches&rft.au=DeVault%2C+J+D%3BHughes%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+O+A%3BNarang%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=DeVault&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; reviews; pests; biological control; integrated control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental rate as a function of temperature in northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 15576566; 3908136 AB - Development of immature northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, was studied at 7 constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 31.5 degree C. Development occurred at all temperatures, however, survival was lowest at 15 and 31.5 degree C for both males and females. The proportion of time spent in each life stage from hatch to adult emergence was independent of sex and approximately 15% for 1st instars, 18% for 2nd instars, 41% for 3rd instars, and 25% for the pupal stage. Developmental times, from hatch to adult emergence, between males and females were substantially different. A developmental threshold of 10.2 degree C was estimated for development from hatch to adult emergence. Development from hatch to adult emergence was fastest at 30 degree C, taking approximately 28 d, and slowest at 15 degree C taking 98 d. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Woodson, W D AU - Jackson, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., Rural Route # 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 226 EP - 230 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15576566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Developmental+rate+as+a+function+of+temperature+in+northern+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D%3BJackson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica barberi; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating spring cankerworm (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) preference for Siberian elm clones AN - 15576501; 3908104 AB - We evaluated the preferences of larval spring cankerworm, Paleacrita vernata (Peck), for 36 Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., clones in laboratory experiments. These clones were selected for superior morphological characteristics, apparent nonpreference by cankerworms, or possible disease resistance. First-instar larvae consumed less leaf area of clones 030, 053, 400, 422, and 425 than most of the other 31 clones evaluated, and more leaf area of clones 026, 038, 067, 406, 411, 11737, and to a lesser extent 23 other clones. Third- and 4th-instars were less selective in their choice of leaves. Trichome density apparently influenced leaf area consumed. Clones 030, 043, 050, 053, 400, 425, and 422 had more trichomes per leaf than the other clones. Leaf maturity preferences varied among elm clones; clones with expanding leaves were preferred over clones with more mature leaves. Larval survival on 050, 053, 400, and 425 was lower than most of the other clones. Techniques for comparing feeding preferences can be used in tree improvement programs of Siberian elm. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dix, ME AU - Cunningham, R A AU - King, R M AD - Natl. Agroforest. Cent., Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583-0822, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 58 EP - 62 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Paleacrita vernata KW - host preferences KW - host plants KW - Ulmus pumila KW - Lepidoptera KW - feeding behavior KW - Geometridae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15576501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+spring+cankerworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Geometridae%29+preference+for+Siberian+elm+clones&rft.au=Dix%2C+ME%3BCunningham%2C+R+A%3BKing%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Dix&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paleacrita vernata; Ulmus pumila; Lepidoptera; Geometridae; host plants; host preferences; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on infection and mortality of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae by two entomopathogenic nematode species AN - 15575915; 3908144 AB - Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston infected pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), larvae over a temperature range of 15.6-38.0 degree C. At temperatures >21.0 degree C, mortality occurred in 24-72 h, but substantial mortality at 15.6 degree C did not occur until 2-6 d later. In some cases, temperatures of 35.6 and 38.0 degree C pink bollworm larval mortality by S. riobravis and S. carpocapsae (Weiser) was lower than temperatures ranging from 21.0 to 32.2 degree C. The adverse effects on efficacy were greater for S. carpocapsae than for S. riobravis. Temperatures of 32.2 degree C and higher and exposure for 48 h or more often resulted in decreased numbers of nematode killed larvae with living nematodes and increased numbers of dead larvae with dead or no nematodes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Forlow Jech, L AU - Burke, R A AU - Lindegren, JE AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040-8830, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 179 EP - 183 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - biological control KW - Gelechiidae KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - larvae KW - mortality KW - infection KW - Nematoda KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15575915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+infection+and+mortality+of+Pectinophora+gossypiella+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+larvae+by+two+entomopathogenic+nematode+species&rft.au=Henneberry%2C+T+J%3BForlow+Jech%2C+L%3BBurke%2C+R+A%3BLindegren%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Henneberry&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; Nematoda; infection; mortality; larvae; biological control; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subtropical Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) swarming dynamics Africanization rates in northeastern Mexico and southern Texas AN - 15575502; 3908143 AB - Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L., swarming dynamics and Africanization rates were monitored over a 5-yr period from 1988 to 1993 in the northeast Mexican State of Tamaulipas and in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas before, during, and after the arrival of the neotropical African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata Ruttner, to these areas. The study reports results obtained from 95,586 site-days of monitoring activities in northeastern Mexico (63 sites on a 200 km long east-west transect), and 68,428 site-days in southern Texas (36 sites on a 120 km long, east-west transect). Africanized honey bee capture rates were higher than European honey bee rates for gulf coastal areas in Mexico where both bee types also showed higher capture rates in agricultural lowlands versus montane areas. In the Texas location, European honey bee capture rates were slightly higher near the gulf coast, but otherwise swarm capture rates were similar across the transect for both Africanized honey bee and European honey bee. Pre-Africanization, European honey bee swarm capture rates were found to vary widely from year to year at each location, ranging from 0.138 to 0.446 swarms/site-month in Mexico and from 0.190 to 0.555 swarms/site-month in Texas. Post-Africanization capture rates were not appreciably different from pre-Africanization rates, ranging from 0.491 to 0.519 swarms/site-month in Mexico and 0.195 to 0.648 swarms/site-month in Texas. Africanization proceeded more quickly in northeastern Mexico where it reached 98% within 2.5 yr after the detection of the 1st Africanized honey bee. In southern Texas Africanization rates reached only 69% during an equivalent time frame. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rubink, W L AU - Luevano-Martinez, P AU - Sugden, E A AU - Wilson, W T AU - Collins, A M AD - Honey Bee Res. Unit, Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 243 EP - 251 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - dispersal KW - Mexico KW - swarming behavior KW - USA, Texas KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15575502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Subtropical+Apis+mellifera+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+swarming+dynamics+Africanization+rates+in+northeastern+Mexico+and+southern+Texas&rft.au=Rubink%2C+W+L%3BLuevano-Martinez%2C+P%3BSugden%2C+E+A%3BWilson%2C+W+T%3BCollins%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Rubink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Texas; Mexico; swarming behavior; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mixed infection of grapevines in northern Italy by phytoplasmas including 16S rRNA RFLP subgroup 16SrI-B strains previously unreported in this host AN - 15574442; 3908072 AB - Grapevine plants of cv. Chardonnay showing symptoms like those of flavescence doree disease in the field in Piemonte, Italy, contained phytoplasmas affiliated with two phylogenetically different 16S rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) groups. These phytoplasmas were detected and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rDNA and by RFLP analysis of amplified DNA as strains belonging to group 16SrI (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and group 16SrV (elm yellows and related phytoplasmas). Thirteen of 16 tested plants contained group 16SrI strains. Twelve contained strains belonging to subgroup 16SrI-G (Italian periwinkle virescence and related phytoplasmas), and one contained only a strain belonging to subgroup 16SrI-B (Maryland aster yellows and related phytoplasmas). One plant that contained a subgroup 16SrI-G phytoplasma strains also contained a strain belonging to group 16SrV. Three plants were doubly infected by subgroup 16SrI-G strains and strains belonging to subgroup 16SrI-B. These results indicate susceptibility of grapevines to infection by three distinct phytoplasmas, and reveal for the first time grapevine infection by subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas and mixed infection of single grapevine plants by strains in two different subgroups in group 16SrI. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alma, A AU - Davis, R E AU - Vibio, M AU - Danielli, A AU - Bosco, D AU - Arzone, A AU - Bertaccini, A AD - USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 418 EP - 421 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vitis vinifera KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Italy KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mixed+infection+of+grapevines+in+northern+Italy+by+phytoplasmas+including+16S+rRNA+RFLP+subgroup+16SrI-B+strains+previously+unreported+in+this+host&rft.au=Alma%2C+A%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BBosco%2C+D%3BArzone%2C+A%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Alma&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vitis vinifera; Italy; phytoplasma; plant diseases; mycoplasma-like organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bionomics of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): An endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies AN - 15574350; 3908112 AB - Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri is a gregarious endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Although widely established in Hawaii, it has been largely overlooked in field surveys. Our objectives were to develop an efficient rearing technique for T. giffardianus, and to determine basic bionomic and demographic parameters, necessary in future augmentative and/or classical biological control programs. Exposure of 5- and 6-d-old Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) larvae to parasitoids at a 5:1 host:parasitoid ratio resulted in relatively high parasitism rates (>55%). Increasing exposure times to parasitoids for greater than or equal to 8 h did not reduced emergence rates. T. giffardianus successfully developed in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. latifrons (Hendel), B. cucurbitae (Coquillet) and C. capitata. Parasitism was highest in B. dorsalis (37%) and lowest in B. cucurbitae (5%). The longevity of ovipositing females was 60% lower than females deprived of hosts. Each female parasitized 9.1 C. capitata larvae in her lifetime and 0.8 plus or minus 0.13 larvae were parasitized per day. At 26 degree C, gross and net reproductive rates were 57.3 and 42.6 progeny per female per day, respectively. Peak parasitism of hosts occurred in 2-d old females, followed by a 2nd peak in 6- to 8-d-old females. The significance of T. giffardianus to biological control of tephritids is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Purcell, M F AU - Van Nieuwenhoven, A AU - Batchelor, MA AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 198 EP - 206 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Tetrastichus giffardianus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Hawaii KW - parasitoids KW - Eulophidae KW - Tephritidae KW - bionomics KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Bionomics+of+Tetrastichus+giffardianus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Eulophidae%29%3A+An+endoparasitoid+of+tephritid+fruit+flies&rft.au=Purcell%2C+M+F%3BVan+Nieuwenhoven%2C+A%3BBatchelor%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Diptera; Hymenoptera; Eulophidae; USA, Hawaii; parasitoids; bionomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brown spot severity and yield of soybeans regenerated from calli resistant to a host-specific pathotoxin produced by Septoria glycines AN - 15574336; 3908052 AB - Regenerated soybean lines from the R sub(3) to R sub(7) generations were field-evaluated for their reactions to Septoria glycines, the brown spot pathogen, from 1991 to 1994. The regenerated lines from cvs. BSR201, Fayette, and L86P-1615 were selected from calli resistant to a host-specific pathotoxin produced by S. glycines. Selected resistant plants to the pathogen from the R sub(3) generation produced R sub(4) progeny that were resistant, intermediate and susceptible in their reaction to S. glycines in 1991. In 1992, 1993, and 1994 among the R sub(3) to R sub(7) generations, brown spot reaction was only intermediate and susceptible. F sub(3) families obtained from a cross between R sub(3) regenerants and BSR201 had low heritability (23%) for resistance to S. glycines. Lines in the R sub(5) or R sub(6) generation, obtained originally from plants regenerated from calli of BSR201 that had intermediate and susceptible reactions to S. glycines in 1992, and five commercial soybean cultivars were evaluated for brown spot resistance, maturity, and yield in 1993 and 1994. Area-under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), maturity, and yield varied among entries. The 10 lines selected with an intermediate reaction had lower AUDPC, matured later, and had higher yields than the nine susceptible lines. Three regenerated lines, 2728, 2733, and 2734, had significantly (P = 0.05) lower AUDPC, later maturity, and higher yields than the other regenerated lines. AUDPC was significantly (P = 0.01) negatively correlated to yield (r = -0.29), to plant height (r = -0.74) and number of nodes (r = -0.39); but positively correlated to pods having 0 seed (r = 0.44) and two seeds (r = 0.49). JF - Plant Disease AU - Lee, G B AU - Hartman, G L AU - Lim, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Protection Res. Unit and Dep. Crop Sci., UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 408 EP - 413 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Septoria glycines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - brown spot KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Brown+spot+severity+and+yield+of+soybeans+regenerated+from+calli+resistant+to+a+host-specific+pathotoxin+produced+by+Septoria+glycines&rft.au=Lee%2C+G+B%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BLim%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; brown spot; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 15569658; 3903463 AB - The toxicity of 55 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was tested on larvae of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). The 7 isolates that were most toxic to larvae as centrifugation pellets were tested against adult flies as either pellets or acetone/lactose precipitates made from resuspended pellets. The 5 isolates most toxic to adult flies were an unidentified Guatemalan isolate, and 4 isolates from larvae that died after eating pellets from isolates HD 565 (serovar 5a5c; subsp. canadensis), HD 199 (serovar 10; subsp. darmstadiensis), isolates killed 65-80% of adults in 10 d after feeding on them for 2 d, compared with 2.7% mortality in controls. The other two isolates (an isolate from a larva that died after eating pellets from HD 146 [serovar 10; darmstadiensis] and a second unidentified Guatemalan isolate) killed 40% of adults in the same experiment. Isolates that were most toxic to larvae were not necessarily most toxic to adults and vice versa. The toxic principals were characterized as endotoxins based on their water insolubility and heat lability. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Martinez, A J AU - Garcia, JA AU - Diaz, M AU - Romero, C AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., USDA-ARS, 2301 South Intl. Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 104 EP - 110 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pathogens KW - Tephritidae KW - toxicity KW - Diptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15569658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+to+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BMartinez%2C+A+J%3BGarcia%2C+JA%3BDiaz%2C+M%3BRomero%2C+C&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diptera; Tephritidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Anastrepha ludens; toxicity; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetrodotoxin protects German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from type I pyrethroid and carbamate insecticide poisoning AN - 15566940; 3903969 AB - Injection of a sublethal dose (0.1 mu g) of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a sodium channel blocker, was shown to block activity in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L), ventral cord in vivo and in situ. TTX provided partial protection from the toxicity of type I pyrethroids, carbamates and DDT, but little protection from type II pyrethroids, organophosphates, nicotine or muscarine. Pretreatment with sublethal doses of permethrin or cypermethrin resulted in a 1.7- to 2.6-fold synergism of bendiocarb, but did not substantially change the toxicity of chlorpyrifos or malathion. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Moss, JI AU - Scott, J G AD - Med. & Veterinary Entomology Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainessville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - biological poisons KW - carbamates KW - pesticides (carbamates) KW - pyrethroids KW - tetrodotoxin KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - toxicity KW - Blattellidae KW - Blattodea KW - Blattella germanica KW - Q4 27390:Toxins KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products KW - X 24173:Animals KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Tetrodotoxin+protects+German+cockroaches+%28Dictyoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29+from+type+I+pyrethroid+and+carbamate+insecticide+poisoning&rft.au=Moss%2C+JI%3BScott%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; biological poisons; toxicity; tetrodotoxin; Blattellidae; Blattodea; Blattella germanica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a triticale resistant to the greenbug: An historical perspective AN - 15566385; 3906479 AB - A greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] resistant strain of rye (Secale cereale L.) 'Insave F.A.' from Argentina was crossed with 'Chinese Spring' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and also with 'Elbon' and 'Balbo' cultivars of common rye. Juvenile plants of the primary wheat X rye hybrid were treated with colchicine. Partially fertile amphidiploid were obtained that are resistant to greenbug Biotype B and C. F sub(1) and F sub(2) populations of seedling plants derived from crosses of 'Insave F.A.' with 'Elbon' and 'Balbo' rye were tested for reaction to the greenbug to determine the genetic basis of inheritance. The results confirmed previous reports that resistance in 'Insave F.A.' is conditioned by a single dominant gene. JF - Euphytica AU - Sebesta, EE AU - Wood, EA Jr AU - Porter AU - Webster, JA AD - USDA/ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 65 EP - 67 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - amphiploidy KW - triticale KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - pest resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Schizaphis graminum KW - Aphididae KW - cross-breeding KW - Homoptera KW - Secale cereale KW - plant breeding KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+triticale+resistant+to+the+greenbug%3A+An+historical+perspective&rft.au=Sebesta%2C+EE%3BWood%2C+EA+Jr%3BPorter%3BWebster%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Sebesta&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; cross-breeding; plant breeding; Triticum aestivum; Schizaphis graminum; Aphididae; Secale cereale; Homoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetics and mapping of barley stripe mosaic virus resistance in barley AN - 15566127; 3905457 AB - The inheritance of resistance to barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in barley was investigated in the Steptoe/Morex doubled haploid population developed by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project. The number of resistant (66) and susceptible (84) progeny approximated a 1:1 ratio, indicating that a single gene was involved in conferring resistance to BSMV strain CV42 in Morex barley. This resistance gene was mapped to the centromeric region of the plus (short) arm of chromosome 1, based on its linkage to molecular markers on the Steptoe/Morex map, and was found to cosegregate with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker ABC455. Marker ABG011 was located 6.1 centimorgans (cM) distal to the resistance locus. The nearest opposite flanking marker mapped was Amy2, located at a distance of 8.1 cM and on the other side of the centromere. The identification of a cosegregating marker may facilitate both the selection for BSMV resistance in barley breeding programs and the high resolution mapping of the centromeric region in the vicinity of this locus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Edwards, M C AU - Steffenson, B J AD - USDA/ARS, Northern Crop Sci. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 184 EP - 187 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - chromosome 1 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - plant protection KW - gene mapping KW - barley stripe mosaic virus KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+mapping+of+barley+stripe+mosaic+virus+resistance+in+barley&rft.au=Edwards%2C+M+C%3BSteffenson%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barley stripe mosaic virus; Hordeum vulgare; disease resistance; plant protection; gene mapping; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A tracer test to determine the fate of nitrate in shallow groundwater AN - 13640340; 199702171 AB - Fourteen multi-level samplers, 6 piezometers and 9 tensiometers were installed in fine sandy loam soil at Beltsville. Soil profile characteristics are presented. Nitrate-nitrogen removal was assessed using a constant head single injection of bromide tracer with and without 4.17 mM dextrose-C. Contours of travel time are depicted and denitrification rates spatially represented. Average nitrate removal rate was 1.06 and 0.33 g nitrogen per m2.d with and without added carbon, respectively, and indicated microbial nitrogen removal. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Starr, J L AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Parkin, T B AU - Meisinger, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 917 EP - 923 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13640340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+tracer+test+to+determine+the+fate+of+nitrate+in+shallow+groundwater&rft.au=Starr%2C+J+L%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BParkin%2C+T+B%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in agroecosystems affects groundwater quality AN - 13639185; 199702169 AB - Three replicate split plots of soybean (Glycine max) or grass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in open top field chambers were exposed to between 364 and 357.5 or between 705 and 731.7 ul carbon dioxide per litre in 1992 and 1993. Nitrogen-15 depleted ammonium nitrate fertilizer was applied to half the plots. Samples of soil were collected weekly from a depth of 90 cm between July 1992 and May 1994 and analysed for nitrate nitrogen. Isotope analysis indicated the primary source of nitrate in the soil solution below the root zone to be derived from the decomposition of organic matter. Nitrate in soil under soybean was higher than under grain sorghum. Higher concentrations of carbon dioxide increased the total dry weight, total nitrogen and carbon:nitrogen ratio of the residue returned to the soil and decreased the nitrate below the root zone for both crops. Retention of nitrogen in organic pools resulting from increased carbon dioxide reduced the nitrate in groundwater agroecosystems. There are 37 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Torbert, HA AU - Prior, SA AU - Rogers, H H AU - Schlesinger, W H AU - Mullins, G L AU - Runion, G B AD - USDA-ARS, Temple, Tex. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 720 EP - 726 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Analysis KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13639185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Elevated+atmospheric+carbon+dioxide+in+agroecosystems+affects+groundwater+quality&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H%3BMullins%2C+G+L%3BRunion%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of GIS to the modelling of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone: a conference overview AN - 13638660; 199700001 AB - The degradation of groundwater by nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants is of growing public concern. Nonpoint source pollutants pose a great threat to soil and groundwater resources because of the areal extent of their contamination and the difficulty of effective remediation. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to assess the impact of NPS pollutants. Geographical information systems (GIS) are required to manipulate, store, retrieve and display the large volumes of spatial data. The modelling of NPS pollutants with GIS is reviewed. Papers presented at the 1995 Bouyoucos Conference 'Application of GIS to the Modelling of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone', held in Riverside, California, in May 1995 are described. Points for future study were identified. There are 80 references. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Corwin, D L AU - Wagenet, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 403 EP - 411 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13638660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Application+of+GIS+to+the+modelling+of+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone%3A+a+conference+overview&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BWagenet%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS modelling of recharge on a watershed AN - 13637627; 199700101 AB - A flow model to predict the distribution of recharge-contributing areas on a watershed was developed. Thirty-one sets of field-measured soil water content, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and depth to water measurements were used as input. Variogram models described the spatial structure and extent of continuity in measured parameters of the flow equation. The spatial distributions of input were interpolated by kriging and assigned to the pixels in geographical information system (GIS) overlays representing a catchment. The model was applied to a 123 km2 experimental watershed in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Comparison with field data suggested that flow may occur through only a portion of total pore space. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Rogowski, A S AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, Pa. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 463 EP - 474 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13637627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=GIS+modelling+of+recharge+on+a+watershed&rft.au=Rogowski%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Rogowski&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos in highly contaminated soils and in liquid wastes AN - 13636994; 199702432 AB - Soil samples were collected from 8 pits which received coumaphos cattle dip waste, and the degradation of coumaphos in soil slurries was measured. The coumaphos concentrations in the soils were from 150-240,000 mg per litre. Rapid coumaphos degradation occurred in 6 soil slurries. Treating the slurries with active coumaphos degrading cultures or with additional coumaphos resulted in similar degradation rates to untreated soils. The other 2 slurries showed a 40 d lag time before significant degradation occurred. Passing dip vat waste through biofilters reduced the coumaphos concentrations in the liquid. Treating the biofilter with a biocide showed that coumaphos particles were still filtered but coumaphos concentrations decreased more slowly and to a lesser extent than in untreated filters, indicating that biodegradation contributed to coumaphos removal. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Mulbry, W W AU - Del Valle, PL AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA/ARS, West Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 149 EP - 155 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Manure slurries KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13636994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+the+organophosphate+insecticide+coumaphos+in+highly+contaminated+soils+and+in+liquid+wastes&rft.au=Mulbry%2C+W+W%3BDel+Valle%2C+PL%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Mulbry&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration estimates under deficient water supplies AN - 13636263; 199702046 AB - The current state of evapotranspiration equations is evaluated and the differences among empirical and energy balance forms are compared with data obtained under 3 different irrigation regimes. The work concentrated on the Penman-Monteith (PM) and Priestley-Taylor (PT) equations for reference evapotranspiration. The more components the energy balance model incorporated the more consistent the results which were then less dependent on locally derived coefficients. To estimate actual evapotranspiration, the PT equation with an adjusted coefficient for available soil water and the PM equation with a variable surface resistance were compared to water use for 3 crops, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and gross forage, at 2 locations. Both models provided acceptable results, but the PM equation using daily meteorological data input was more consistent over the growing season. The PT equation overestimated actual evapotranspiration when crops were limited in soil water. Irrigation scheduling using the PM equation required daily meteorological data, an estimate of available soil water depletion and a measurement of crop leaf area. There are 46 references. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Allen, R G AD - USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 301 EP - 308 VL - 122 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pt KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13636263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+estimates+under+deficient+water+supplies&rft.au=Hatfield%2C+J+L%3BAllen%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating polyacrylamide concentration in irrigation water AN - 13635891; 199702835 AB - An instrumental flocculation test was developed for water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) in irrigation water. PAM was frequently added at concentrations of 0.25-10 mg per litre to control irrigation-induced erosion. A kaolinite mineral standard was mixed with a PAM-treated water sample, agitated, then placed in a spectrophotometer. The PAM concentration was correlated with settling-related transmittance changes. The endpoint of the procedure was identified by the time needed to initiate suspension clearing, termed the clarity-shift inflection (CSI). The procedure was sensitive to the amount of kaolinite, sample volume, water salinity and the original sediment content. A 10 per cent change in these factors altered CSI by 10-15 per cent; the sediment affected CSI by increasing the sample's dissolved organic carbon. If sediment concentrations were unknown, precision was 10 per cent for a concentration of 0.2-5 mg PAM per litre and 3 per cent for a concentration of 2.5-10.0 mg PAM per litre. Low range precision could be improved to 3 per cent if the sediment levels were measured. The PAM concentration in runoff equalled that of the inflow stream after 3 h continuous treatment at 10 mg per litre. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lentz, R D AU - Sojka, R E AU - Foerster, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Kimberley, Idaho Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1015 EP - 1024 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13635891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Estimating+polyacrylamide+concentration+in+irrigation+water&rft.au=Lentz%2C+R+D%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BFoerster%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical distribution of codling moth adults in pheromoneatreated and untreated plots AN - 902356037; 14666147 AB - The vertical distribution of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) within pheromone-treated and untreated apple and pear orchard canopies was determined using tethered virgin females, unbaited sticky traps, and blacklight observation of released moths. Mating of virgin females tethered at various heights in untreated orchard canopies increased with placement height from 1-4 m. Application of pheromone dispensers for mating disruption at 2 and 4 m above the ground greatly decreased mating. Greatest capture of males and females on unbaited sticky traps occurred at mid- and upper-canopy heights. Total capture of males and females in pheromone-treated plots was not statistically different than in untreated plots. The percentage of mated females captured on sticky traps did not vary with trap height or pheromone treatment. Released moths marked with fluorescent powder and observed at dark with a blacklight indicated that moths are primarily distributed high in the canopy. However, males shifted to a position lower in the canopy when pheromone dispensers were placed 2.1 m above the ground. Results suggest that pheromone dispensers be placed in the upper canopy for optimal disruption of codling moth mating. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Weissling, Thomas J AU - Knight, Alan L AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 271 EP - 275 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Canopies KW - Mating disruption KW - Orchards KW - Pheromones KW - Powder KW - Traps KW - Vertical distribution KW - Malus KW - Cydia pomonella KW - R 18050:Chemoreception correlates of behavior KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902356037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Vertical+distribution+of+codling+moth+adults+in+pheromoneatreated+and+untreated+plots&rft.au=Weissling%2C+Thomas+J%3BKnight%2C+Alan+L&rft.aulast=Weissling&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1995.tb02324.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mating disruption; Powder; Vertical distribution; Pheromones; Traps; Canopies; Orchards; Malus; Cydia pomonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb02324.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of dietary copper sulfate on infectious proventriculitis. AN - 77922738; 8825586 AB - Oral inoculation of day-old broiler chicks with a crude homogenate of affected proventricular tissue, or the same homogenate filtered through a .2 micron filter caused proventricular lesions similar to those responsible for carcass contamination of broilers at processing. Dietary copper sulfate (CUS) has also been shown to produce similar lesions. In this study, we investigated the interaction between crude proventriculus homogenate or filtered proventriculus homogenate and 1 g/kg CUS added to a standard chicken diet. Cobb x Cobb female broiler chicks were distributed into six groups with four replicate battery pens per group. Birds were fed either a standard broiler starter diet or the same diet with 1 g/kg CUS. Each dietary treatment was inoculated per os with 1 mL of either sterile saline, unfiltered homogenate, or filtered homogenate. Both crude and filtered homogenates had a much stronger affect on proventriculus score than did Cu by itself, resulting in no interaction between either homogenate or filtrate and CUS. There was a significant and possibly antagonistic interaction on proventriculus relative weights in the CUS by filtrate group during Week 1 and a synergistic interaction in the CUS by homogenate group during Week 4. Body weights were decreased in birds fed homogenate or CUS, but not in birds fed filtrate. There was a protective effect shown by filtrate on body weight of birds fed both filtrate and CUS only during Week 1. There was a synergistic decrease in body weight of birds fed homogenate and CUS during Week 2. Overall feed conversion efficiency was significantly decreased in the homogenate treatment (P = .04) and decreased in the birds fed CUS (P = .1). There was a (4.2 vs 2.3) (P = .1) decrease in feed conversion efficiency in birds fed both homogenate and CUS. Natural exposure to low levels of the infectious agent present in the homogenates may interact with excess dietary CUS, resulting in increased proventriculus size and decrease in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. JF - Poultry science AU - Bayyari, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Beasley, J N AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1961 EP - 1969 VL - 74 IS - 12 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Tissue Extracts KW - 0 KW - Copper Sulfate KW - LRX7AJ16DT KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Tissue Extracts -- analysis KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Tissue Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Diet KW - Drug Synergism KW - Female KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Stomach Diseases -- veterinary KW - Stomach Diseases -- pathology KW - Proventriculus -- chemistry KW - Poultry Diseases -- pathology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Proventriculus -- drug effects KW - Copper Sulfate -- pharmacology KW - Copper Sulfate -- analysis KW - Proventriculus -- pathology KW - Copper Sulfate -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77922738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+dietary+copper+sulfate+on+infectious+proventriculitis.&rft.au=Bayyari%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBeasley%2C+J+N%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Bayyari&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of aflatoxin and fumonisin B1-containing culture material on growing barrows. AN - 77866424; 8599531 AB - Aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated and fumonisin B1 (FB1)-contaminated (culture material from Fusarium moniliforme) diets were fed singly and in combination to growing cross-bred barrows. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each; mean body weight, 17.5 kg) per group were fed: 0 mg of AF and 0 mg of FB1/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF plus 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed for 35 days. The effects on production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic measurements were evaluated. Body weight, gain, and feed consumption were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by AF and AF plus FB1 diets. The FB1 diet decreased feed consumption, and although body weight was numerically decreased, it was not statistically significant. Aflatoxin increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and total iron concentration and decreased urea nitrogen concentration and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. The FB1-alone diet increased serum GGT activity, whereas the AF plus FB1 diet increased serum aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities, increased RBC count, triglycerides, and total iron concentrations, and decreased unsaturated iron-binding capacity and urea nitrogen concentration. For the most part, the effects of the AF plus FB1 diet on body weight and hematologic measurements could be considered additive. However, the effect of the AF plus FB1 diet on cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities was greater than additive and was a synergistic response. One pig in the FB1-diet group and 2 pigs in the combination-diet group died. Postmortem lesions in pigs of the FB1-diet group consisted of ascites and increased liver weight. Observations at necropsy for pigs of the AF plus FB1-diet group consisted of hydrothorax, ascites, pulmonary edema, gastric erosions and ulceration, and increased liver and spleen weights. The AF diet increased relative liver weight and resulted in liver that was pale, rubbery, and resistant to cutting. Histologic lesions consisted of hepatic necrosis or degeneration, or both, with variable degrees of bile duct proliferation in barrows of the AF-diet groups. Renal tubular nephrosis was observed in barrows of the FB1-diet group, but this was not consistent in the AF plus FB1-diet group. Cell-mediated immunity, as measured by mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic stimulation index, was decreased in barrows of the AF and FB1-diet groups, and values in barrows given the combination diet were significantly decreased from those in barrows given the single toxin diets. It was concluded that AF and FB1 (from culture material), singly or in combination, can adversely affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values and induce lesions in growing barrows. For most of the variables we evaluated under our study conditions and dosages of toxins, measurements were affected more by the combination diet than by either single toxin diet, and the toxic responses could be described as additive or more than additive, particularly for induction of liver disease. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA-ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1668 EP - 1672 VL - 56 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Fusarium KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Cholinesterases -- blood KW - Random Allocation KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Iron -- blood KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Lung -- anatomy & histology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Erythrocyte Count -- veterinary KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- standards KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77866424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+aflatoxin+and+fumonisin+B1-containing+culture+material+on+growing+barrows.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharaoh ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colony development after consumption of pyriproxyfen baits. AN - 77742771; 8537545 AB - Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), colonies were effectively controlled following ingestion of pyriproxyfen formulated in peanut butter oil. Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, reduced egg production in the queens, decreased the amount of brood due to delayed death in the eggs and larvae, caused death of pupae about 3 wk after treatment, and decreased the number of workers due to attrition and toxic effects. Queens, which continued to produce a small amount of eggs, eventually died. Queen death may have been caused by lack of workers required to tend them, old age or toxic effects. At concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1%, pyriproxyfen was more effective than the once commercially available bait, Pharorid (methoprene) for the control of the Pharaoh ant. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Vail, K M AU - Williams, D F AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1695 EP - 1702 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Juvenile Hormones KW - 0 KW - Pyridines KW - pyriproxyfen KW - 3Q9VOR705O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Female KW - Ants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77742771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Pharaoh+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+colony+development+after+consumption+of+pyriproxyfen+baits.&rft.au=Vail%2C+K+M%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Vail&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation and utilization of xylan by the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium. AN - 77708063; 8534103 AB - The cross-feeding of xyland hydrolysis products between the xylanolytic bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c and the xylooligosaccharide-fermenting bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium GA192 was investigated. Cultures were grown anaerobically in complex medium containing oat spelt xylan, and the digestion of xylan and the generation and subsequent utilization of xylooligosaccharide intermediates were monitored over time. Monocultures of B. fibrisolvens rapidly degraded oat spelt xylan, and a pool of extracellular degradation intermediates composed of low-molecular-weight xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose through xylopentaose and larger, unidentified oligomers) accumulated in these cultures. The ability of S. ruminantium to utilize the products of xylanolysis by B. fibrisolvens was demonstrated by its ability to grow on xylan that had first been digested by the extracellular xylanolytic enzymes of B. fibrisolvens. Although enzymatic hydrolysis converted the xylan to soluble products, this alone was not sufficient to assure complete utilization by S. ruminantium, and considerable quantities of oligosaccharides remained following growth. Stable xylan-utilizing cocultures of S. ruminantium and B. fibrisolvens were established, and the utilization of xylan was monitored. Despite the presence of an oligosaccharide-fermenting organism, accumulations of acid-alcohol soluble products were still noted; however, the composition of carbohydrates present in these cultures differed from that seen when B. fibrisolvens was cultivated alone. Residual carbohydrates present at various times during growth were of higher average degree of polymerization in cocultures than in cultures of B. fibrisolvens alone. Structural characterization of these residual products may help define the limitations on the assimilation of xylooligosaccharides by ruminal bacteria. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cotta, M A AU - Zeltwanger, R L AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 4396 EP - 4402 VL - 61 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Xylans KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- metabolism KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Xylans -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77708063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Degradation+and+utilization+of+xylan+by+the+ruminal+bacteria+Butyrivibrio+fibrisolvens+and+Selenomonas+ruminantium.&rft.au=Cotta%2C+M+A%3BZeltwanger%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):40-6 [8439166] Arch Microbiol. 1992;157(2):176-82 [1550443] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3557-63 [8285663] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Oct 1;122(3):217-22 [7988863] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1757-62 [7646013] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Aug;61(8):3042-50 [7487036] J Bacteriol. 1956 Aug;72(2):162-7 [13366893] J Bacteriol. 1958 Jul;76(1):15-23 [13563384] J Bacteriol. 1965 Jun;89:1515-20 [14291590] J Bacteriol. 1966 May;91(5):1724-9 [5937235] Appl Microbiol. 1970 Sep;20(3):362-8 [5530342] Fed Proc. 1973 Jul;32(7):1819-25 [4718900] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):572-6 [3994365] Proc Nutr Soc. 1987 Sep;46(3):407-13 [3324099] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2849-53 [3124741] J Dairy Sci. 1990 Oct;73(10):3013-22 [2283426] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Dec;56(12):3867-70 [1707252] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jan;58(1):48-54 [1539992] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1993 Nov 1;113(3):291-6 [8270194] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic carbon content and rates of sequestration in soils of Albania AN - 52861037; 1996-029451 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zdruli, Pandi AU - Eswaran, Hari AU - Kimble, John Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 1684 EP - 1687 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - isotopes KW - Vertisols KW - Europe KW - Holocene KW - temperature KW - Southern Europe KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - carbon KW - absolute age KW - water regimes KW - Albania KW - organic carbon KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - Quaternary KW - Alfisols KW - organic compounds KW - Inceptisols KW - wetlands KW - residence time KW - C-14 KW - upper Holocene KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52861037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Organic+carbon+content+and+rates+of+sequestration+in+soils+of+Albania&rft.au=Zdruli%2C+Pandi%3BEswaran%2C+Hari%3BKimble%2C+John&rft.aulast=Zdruli&rft.aufirst=Pandi&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Albania; Alfisols; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Europe; Holocene; Inceptisols; isotopes; Mollisols; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; residence time; soils; Southern Europe; temperature; upper Holocene; Vertisols; water regimes; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic regulation of cercosporin production inCercospora kikuchii AN - 21264016; 11724295 AB - The large and diverseCercospora genus of plant pathogenic fungi includes many species that are causal agents of economically relevant leaf, stem, and seed blights of numerous crop plants. Several of these pathogens produce the red, photoactivated, phytotoxic polyketide toxin cercosporin. This mycotoxin is a crucial pathogenicity factor in the development of leaf and pod blights by the seed-borne soybean fungal pathogenCercospora kikuchii. Although certain cultivars may be less susceptible to the leaf- and pod-infection phases of the fungus, there are no soybean cultivars with resistance to cercosporin. A newly isolated gene fromC. kikuchil, known as LE6, is essential for cercosporin production and pathogenicity. Therefore, genetic manipulation of this gene may affect resistance to cercosporin. Transcription of LE6 is regulated by light. The expression of cercosporin also may be inhibited by certain growth media and other natural products. Modification of cultivar screens that target LE6 may greatly enhance the possibility of finding native resistance to this soybean pathogen. Soybean germplasm that produces strong LE6 downregulating or inhibiting compounds may enhance pathogen resistance. Thus knowledge of the genetic and physiological regulation of cercosporin should provide new technological strategies for biocontrol of mycotoxins and the development of soybean breeding lines that exhibit durable resistance toC. kikuchii. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Upchurch, R G AD - USDA, ARS, 2403 Gardner Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 27695-7616 Raleigh, North Carolina Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 1435 EP - 1438 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - cercosporin KW - Seeds KW - Fungi KW - Plant breeding KW - Leaves KW - Transcription KW - natural products KW - Pathogens KW - Crops KW - Light effects KW - Soybeans KW - Oil KW - Mycotoxins KW - Pathogenicity KW - Blight KW - polyketides KW - Germplasm KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21264016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Genetic+regulation+of+cercosporin+production+inCercospora+kikuchii&rft.au=Upchurch%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Upchurch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02577834 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; cercosporin; Seeds; Fungi; Leaves; Plant breeding; Transcription; natural products; Pathogens; Crops; Soybeans; Light effects; Oil; Mycotoxins; Pathogenicity; polyketides; Blight; Germplasm DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02577834 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genetic hybrid of the Campylobacter jejuni flaA gene with LT-B of Escherichia coli and assessment of the efficacy of the hybrid protein as an oral chicken vaccine AN - 16303664; 4248360 AB - The objectives of this study were to produce Campylobacter jejuni flagellin fused to the B-subunit of the labile toxin (LT-B) of Escherichia coli and to assess the efficacy of the hybrid protein as a chicken vaccine. Part of the flaA gene (780 base pairs) was cloned in plasmid pBEB downstream and in frame with the LT-B to allow expression of a hybrid protein. Transformed E. coli chi 6097 expressed the hybrid protein (43 kdaltons) in inclusion bodies at mid log phase. The inclusion bodies were isolated, and the identity of the protein was verified by western blot. This hybrid protein was administered as a vaccine to chickens either orally (0, 250, 500, or 1000 mu g total protein) or intramuscularly (250 or 1000 mu g). Alimentary secretions were collected, and specific antibodies were assayed by western blot analyses. Seventy-two percent of the birds vaccinated orally with 1000 mu g protein showed detectable antibodies against C. jejuni flagellin in the excreta. None of the control birds produced detectable antibody to this antigen. For trials to demonstrate clearance of Campylobacter, groups of chickens were vaccinated with the hybrid protein at 2 and 4 wk of age and challenged at 3 wk with an excess of C. jejuni. The number of birds that remained colonized at 5 wk of age was significantly lower among the vaccinated birds than among controls. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Khoury, CA AU - Meinsersmann, R J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Russell Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 812 EP - 820 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - flaA gene KW - labile toxin KW - labile toxin-B KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - A 01102:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16303664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+genetic+hybrid+of+the+Campylobacter+jejuni+flaA+gene+with+LT-B+of+Escherichia+coli+and+assessment+of+the+efficacy+of+the+hybrid+protein+as+an+oral+chicken+vaccine&rft.au=Khoury%2C+CA%3BMeinsersmann%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Khoury&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization of genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis to DNA of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic aspergilli AN - 15810099; 3998162 AB - Southern blots of DNA from a number of aspergilli belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi, including aflatoxin-producing and non-aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, were probed with the aflatoxin pathway genes aflR and omt-1. DNA of all A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. sojae isolates examined hybridized with both genes. None of the A. oryzae isolates examined hybridized to the aflR probe and one of the three did not hybridize to the omt-1 probe. None of the A. tamarii isolates examined hybridized to either gene. Our results suggest that some isolates in this infection do not produce aflatoxin because they lack at least one of the genes necessary for biosynthesis, and that non-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. sojae strains either lack a gene we did not examine or have genes that are not being expressed. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Klich, MA AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P-K AU - Mullaney, E J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 439 EP - 443 VL - 44 IS - 3-4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - gene expression KW - hybridization analysis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus KW - aflatoxins KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - G 07331:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15810099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hybridization+of+genes+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+to+DNA+of+aflatoxigenic+and+non-aflatoxigenic+aspergilli&rft.au=Klich%2C+MA%3BYu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P-K%3BMullaney%2C+E+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aflatoxins; Aspergillus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotations with coastal bermudagrass and fallow for management of Meloidogyne incognita and soilborne fungi on vegetable crops AN - 15809473; 4000563 AB - The efficacy of fallow and coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (Hibiscus esculentus cv. Emerald), squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Dixie Hybrid), and sweet corn (Zea mays cv. Merit) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. Numbers of M. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra and squash than sweet corn and declined over the years on vegetable crops following fallow and coastal bermudagrass sod. Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. were isolated most frequently from soil and dying okra plants. Numbers of colony-forming units of soilborne fungi generally declined as the number of years in sod increased, but were not affected by coastal bermudagrass sod. Yields of okra following 2-year and 3-year sod and squash following 2-year sod were greater than those following fallow. Yield of sweet corn was not different following fallow and coastal bermudagrass sod. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Johnson, A W AU - Burton, G W AU - Wilson, J P AU - Golden, A M AD - USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 457 EP - 464 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fungi KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Cynodon dactylon KW - vegetables KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Rotations+with+coastal+bermudagrass+and+fallow+for+management+of+Meloidogyne+incognita+and+soilborne+fungi+on+vegetable+crops&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+W%3BBurton%2C+G+W%3BWilson%2C+J+P%3BGolden%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cynodon dactylon; vegetables; biological control; plant protection; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of concentration on persistence of alachlor in soil AN - 15789562; 3991174 AB - To determine the behavior of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)- N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-acetamide] at concentrations common with spill and waste disposal sites, alachlor degradation was determined over a concentration range of 10 to 10 000 mg/kg in a Webster clay loam (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) and an Estherville sandy loam (sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) in laboratory incubation experiments. Effect of concentration on the overall behavior of alachlor was similar in both soils. Based on percent of applied chemical, persistence of alachlor increased with increasing concentration. Mineralization and formation of degradation products and bound residues decreased at higher concentrations. At 10 000 mg /kg, alachlor was extremely persistent, with estimated 50% dissipation times (DT sub(50)) of 12.6 and 13.5 yr in the Webster and Estherville soil, respectively. Although the DT sub(50) increased with increasing concentration, significant amounts of alachlor, in absolute mass, degraded at higher concentration. However, mineralization at 1000 and 10 000 mg/kg was similar to that at 100 mg/kg. Specific alachlor biodegradation mechanisms, limited water solubility, and kinetics of dissolution of precipitated alachlor and alachlor desorption are postulated as the rate-limiting factors for the degradation of alachlor at elevated levels. A field experiment also indicated alachlor dissipation at high concentration was extremely slow over the first 6 mo after application. Degradation and leaching increased by the following spring. It would appear that an effective remediation means to detoxify alachlor-contaminated soil would be to land-spread the soil, thereby diluting the concentration of alachlor in the soil to <100 mg/kg. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Becker, R L AU - Buhler, D D AD - Soil & Water Res. Manage. Unit, USDA-ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., Rm. 439, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 1162 EP - 1169 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - alachlor KW - degradation KW - fate of pollutants KW - pollutant persistence KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil contamination KW - groundwater pollution KW - mineralization KW - leaching KW - kinetics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+concentration+on+persistence+of+alachlor+in+soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BBecker%2C+R+L%3BBuhler%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alachlor; degradation; mineralization; kinetics; leaching; groundwater pollution; fate of pollutants; soil contamination; pollutant persistence; soil remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the active-site residues of the 3C proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. AN - 77686967; 7491782 AB - To identify the active-site residues of the 3C proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), we introduced mutations into the 3C coding region and examined the activity of mutant enzymes on various substrates. Based on alignment of FMDV 3C with other picornavirus 3C proteinases and with the trypsin family of serine proteinases, mutations were introduced at residues presumed to be part of the catalytic triad, involved in substrate binding, or present in nonconserved regions. Wild-type and mutant 3C proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and tested for their ability to cleave synthetic substrates corresponding to different portions of the viral genome. Substitutions at His-46 (catalytic triad), Asp-84 (catalytic triad), or His-181 (substrate binding) produced enzymes unable to process P1, P2, or P3 substrates in trans, whereas a change in the conserved Asp-98 had no effect on enzyme activity. Substitution of Ser for Cys-163 (catalytic triad) yielded an enzyme that retained activity on some substrates, while a substitution of Gly at this position resulted in a completely inactive enzyme. The kinetics of trans processing of translation products from a transcript encoding the P1 and P2 coding regions and the 2C/3A cleavage site with wild-type 3C or a transcript encoding P1 with 3C mutants revealed that the order of cleavage was VP3-VP1, VP0-VP3, VP1-2A, 2C-3A, and 2B-2C. Mutations in 3C that resulted in a partially active enzyme were individually introduced into full-length FMDV cDNA and RNA transcripts were translated in a cell-free system and used to transfect cells. In all cases the virus that was rescued had reverted to the wild-type 3C codon. JF - Virology AU - Grubman, M J AU - Zellner, M AU - Bablanian, G AU - Mason, P W AU - Piccone, M E AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/10/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 10 SP - 581 EP - 589 VL - 213 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Viral Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - 3C proteases KW - EC 3.4.22.28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Transfection KW - Mutation KW - Binding Sites KW - Aphthovirus -- physiology KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- chemistry KW - Aphthovirus -- enzymology KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77686967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+active-site+residues+of+the+3C+proteinase+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus.&rft.au=Grubman%2C+M+J%3BZellner%2C+M%3BBablanian%2C+G%3BMason%2C+P+W%3BPiccone%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Grubman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-11-10&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial modeling in foods. AN - 77857551; 8777014 AB - Predictive food microbiology is a field of study that combines elements of microbiology, mathematics, and statistics to develop models that describe and predict the growth or decline of microbes under specified environmental conditions. Models can be thought of as having three levels: primary level models describe changes in microbial numbers with time, secondary level models show how the parameters of the primary model vary with environmental conditions, and the tertiary level combines the first two types of models with user-friendly application software or expert systems that calculate microbial behavior under the specified conditions. Primary models include time-to-growth, Gompertz function, exponential growth rate, and inactivation/survival models. Commonly used secondary models are response surface equations and the square root and Arrhenius relationships. Microbial models are valuable tools in planning Hazard Analysis, Critical Control Point (HACCP) programs and making decisions, as they provide the first estimates of expected changes in microbial populations when exposed to a specific set of conditions. This review describes the models currently being developed for food-borne microorganisms, particularly pathogens, and discusses their uses. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Whiting, R C AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 464 EP - 494 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clostridium botulinum -- growth & development KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Mathematics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77857551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Microbial+modeling+in+foods.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal ingestion of ortho-aminoacetophenone during gestation affects intake by offspring. AN - 77784859; 8577889 AB - Ingested flavor chemicals cross the placental barrier and occur in the fetal blood and amniotic fluid. This occurrence is detectable by the fetus, and can influence post parturition feeding. In the present experiment, pregnant mice were offered either 0.1% ortho-aminoacetophenone emulsions (OAP) or water throughout gestation. OAP is normally avoided by mice, apparently on the basis of chemosensory characteristics. Subsequently, offspring were offered 0.5%, 0.25%, or 0.1% OAP in one-bottle tests at 26 or 88 days of age. Offspring of mothers given OAP drank greater amounts of OAP than did offspring of mothers given water. Enhanced acceptance of OAP was not detected in mice exposed to 0.1% OAP as adults for a duration similar to that given during gestation. We conclude that fetal experiences with OAP lowered sensitivity and/or raised tolerance for the compound. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Nolte, D L AU - Mason, J R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Olympia, WA 98512, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 925 EP - 928 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Acetophenones KW - 0 KW - Irritants KW - 2-aminoacetophenone KW - 551-93-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Chemoreceptor Cells -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Acetophenones -- pharmacology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Irritants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77784859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Maternal+ingestion+of+ortho-aminoacetophenone+during+gestation+affects+intake+by+offspring.&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BMason%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genesis of Pennsylvania's limestone soils AN - 52391077; 2000-015293 JF - Agronomy Series (Pennsylvania State University) AU - Ciolkosz, Edward J AU - Cronce, Richard C AU - Sevon, William D AU - Waltman, William J Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 28 PB - Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA VL - 135 KW - United States KW - soils KW - limestone KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Appalachians KW - Mesozoic KW - sedimentary rocks KW - color KW - Triassic KW - parent materials KW - Pennsylvania KW - carbonate rocks KW - Piedmont KW - climate KW - Valley and Ridge Province KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52391077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ciolkosz%2C+Edward+J%3BCronce%2C+Richard+C%3BSevon%2C+William+D%3BWaltman%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Ciolkosz&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Genesis+of+Pennsylvania%27s+limestone+soils&rft.title=Genesis+of+Pennsylvania%27s+limestone+soils&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 72 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diag., 7 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03294 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; carbonate rocks; climate; color; limestone; Mesozoic; North America; parent materials; pedogenesis; Pennsylvania; Piedmont; sedimentary rocks; soils; Triassic; United States; Valley and Ridge Province ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of hydroxy fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids byFlavobacterium sp. DS5 hydratase, a C-10 positional- andcis unsaturation-specific enzyme AN - 21274079; 11724265 AB - A new microbial isolate,Flavobacterium sp. DS5, converted oleic and linoleic acids to their corresponding 10-keto-and 10-hydroxy fatty acids. The hydration enzyme seems to be specific to the C-10 position. Conversion products from a- and g-linolenic acids were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance as 10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic and 10-hydroxy-6(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acids, respectively. Products from other 9(Z)-unsaturated fatty acids also were identified as their corresponding 10-hydroxy- and 10-keto-fatty acids.Trans unsaturated fatty acid was not converted. From these results, it is concluded that strain DS5 hydratase is indeed a C-10 positional-specific andcis-specific enzyme. DS5 hydratase prefers an 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid. Among the C18 unsaturated fatty acids, an additional double bond at either side of the 9,10-position lowers the enzyme hydration activity. Because hydratases from other microbes also convert 9(Z)-unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, the C-10 positional specificity of microbial hydratases may be universal. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, IL Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 1265 EP - 1270 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Hydration KW - Oil KW - g-linolenic acid KW - Gas chromatography KW - Acids KW - Fatty acids KW - Enzymes KW - N.M.R. KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21274079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Production+of+hydroxy+fatty+acids+from+unsaturated+fatty+acids+byFlavobacterium+sp.+DS5+hydratase%2C+a+C-10+positional-+andcis+unsaturation-specific+enzyme&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02546197 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Hydration; g-linolenic acid; Gas chromatography; Acids; Fatty acids; Enzymes; N.M.R.; Mass spectroscopy; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02546197 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and properties of estolides and their esters AN - 21253502; 11724272 AB - Eight lipases were screened for their ability to synthesize estolides from a mixture that contained lesquerolic (14-hydroxy-11-eicosenoic) acid and octadecenoic acid. With the exception ofAspergillus niger lipase, all 1,3-specific enzymes (fromRhizopus arrhizus andRhizomucor miehei lipases) were unable to synthesize estolides.Candida rugosa andGeotrichum lipases catalyzed estolide formation at >40% yield, with >80% of the estolide formed being monoestolide from one lesquerolic and one octadecenoic acyl group:Pseudomonas sp. lipase synthesized estolides at 62% yield, but the product mixture contained significant amounts of monoestolide with two lesquerolic acyl groups as well as diestolide. ImmobilizedR. miehei lipase was chosen to catalyze the esterification of mono-and polyestolide, derived synthetically from oleic acid, with fatty alcohols or a,w-diols. Yields were >95% for fatty alcohol reactions and >60% for diol reactions. In addition, the estolide linkage remained intact through the course of the esterification process. Esterification of estolides improved the estolide's properties--for example, lower viscosity and higher viscosity index--but slightly raised the melting point. Estolides and, particularly, estolide esters may be suitable as lubricants or lubricant additives. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hayes, Douglas G AU - Kleiman, Robert AD - New Crops Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 1309 EP - 1316 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Melting KW - Oil KW - Rugosa KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Viscosity KW - Esterification KW - Lubricants KW - alcohols KW - Enzymes KW - Esters KW - Oleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipase-catalyzed+synthesis+and+properties+of+estolides+and+their+esters&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Douglas+G%3BKleiman%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02546204 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Melting; Triacylglycerol lipase; Viscosity; Esterification; Lubricants; alcohols; Enzymes; Esters; Oleic acid; Rugosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02546204 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renesting by spotted owls AN - 15780843; 3992917 AB - Here we describe three cases of renesting by Spotted Owls in Washington, and present information on the frequency of renesting by Spotted Owls on four study areas in Oregon and Washington. JF - Condor AU - Forsman, ED AU - Giese, A AU - Manson, D AU - Sovern, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest. Sci. Lab., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 1078 EP - 1080 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Strix occidentalis KW - nesting behavior KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Renesting+by+spotted+owls&rft.au=Forsman%2C+ED%3BGiese%2C+A%3BManson%2C+D%3BSovern%2C+S&rft.aulast=Forsman&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis; nesting behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of in utero exposure of lambs to a beta-adrenergic agonist on prenatal and postnatal muscle growth, carcass cutability, and meat tenderness. AN - 77836692; 8617669 AB - The objectives of the present experiment were to examine the effects of in utero exposure to a beta-adrenergic agonist (L644,969) on prenatal and postnatal muscle growth and meat tenderness of lambs. Thirty twin-pregnant Composite IV (1/2 Finnsheep, 1/8 Dorset, 1/8 Rambouillet, 1/8 Targhee, 1/8 Suffolk) ewe lambs were used for this experiment. All ewes were fed an alfalfa hay-corn-based diet throughout gestation and lactation. From d 25 to 95 of gestation, the diet of one-half of the ewes contained 2 ppm of L644,969 on an as-fed basis. Treatment did not ( P > .05) affect lamb weights at any point in the growth cycle (birth to 43 kg). Heart weights of neonatal and market lambs were increased ( P .05). Additionally, treatment did not alter the activities of any of the components of the calpain proteolytic system in neonatal or market lambs. Concomitantly, there was no effect of treatment on myofibril fragmentation index or Warner-Bratzler shear force. Moreover, there was no effect of treatment on muscle fiber type distributions, fiber sizes, or apparent fiber number. It seems that the lack of an effect of treatment on apparent fiber number would explain the lack of an effect on muscle weight. Thus, in utero exposure to L644,969 does not seem to have promise as a method for improving lamb carcass cutability. Other methods of improving the rate and composition of lamb carcass growth while maintaining acceptable meat tenderness must be developed. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Shackelford, S D AU - Wheeler, T L AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 2986 EP - 2993 VL - 73 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Pyridines KW - 6-amino-alpha-(((1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino)methyl)-3-pyridine methanol KW - 103583-08-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays -- standards KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Muscle Fibers, Skeletal -- ultrastructure KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Hypertrophy -- pathology KW - Sheep Diseases -- pathology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Sheep Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Medicago sativa -- standards KW - Hypertrophy -- chemically induced KW - Hypertrophy -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Male KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- adverse effects KW - Sheep -- embryology KW - Body Composition -- physiology KW - Sheep -- growth & development KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Meat -- standards KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- embryology KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Muscle Development KW - Pyridines -- administration & dosage KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- growth & development KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Pyridines -- pharmacology KW - Pyridines -- adverse effects KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77836692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+in+utero+exposure+of+lambs+to+a+beta-adrenergic+agonist+on+prenatal+and+postnatal+muscle+growth%2C+carcass+cutability%2C+and+meat+tenderness.&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+S+D%3BWheeler%2C+T+L%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2986&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation-induced cell lethality of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028: cooperative effect of hydroxyl radical and oxygen. AN - 77575508; 7568769 AB - The lethality of gamma-radiation doses of 0.2 to 1.0 kGy for Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 was measured in the presence of air, N2 and N2O and with the hydroxyl radical scavengers formate and polyethylene glycol (PEG), M(r) 8,000. Saturation of cell suspensions with either N2O or N2/N2O (1:1, v/v) gas was expected to double the number of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and to produce an equivalent increase in lethality, but this did not occur. Adding 10% (v/v) O2 to either N2 or N2O gas produced approximately the same gamma-irradiation lethality for S. typhimurium as did air. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers, 40 mM formate and 1.5% (w/v) PEG, significantly reduced the lethality of gamma radiation for S. typhimurium in the presence of air but not in the presence of N2 or N2O gases. Membrane-permeable formate provided slightly better protection than nonpermeable PEG. Cells of S. typhimurium grown under anaerobic conditions were more sensitive to radiation, and were less protected by hydroxyl radical scavengers, especially formate, than when cells grown under aerobic conditions were irradiated in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxyl radical scavengers provided no further protection during irradiation in the absence of oxygen. These results indicated that the increased radiation sensitivity of cells grown under anaerobic conditions may be related to superoxide radicals which could increase intercellular damage during irradiation in the presence of oxygen. However, endogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities did not protect cells from the radiation-induced lethality of S. typhimurium. Cytoplasmic extracts protected bacterial DNA in vitro in either the presence or absence of oxygen, and no radiation-induced lipid peroxidation of the cellular components was identified by measuring the levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid. These results suggest that most radiation-induced cell lethality was related to the cooperative effects of extracellular OH. and O2 on the cell surface as the radiation dose increased. JF - Radiation research AU - Kim, A Y AU - Thayer, D W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 36 EP - 42 VL - 144 IS - 1 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- radiation effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Nitrous Oxide -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- radiation effects KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Oxygen -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77575508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Radiation-induced+cell+lethality+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+ATCC+14028%3A+cooperative+effect+of+hydroxyl+radical+and+oxygen.&rft.au=Kim%2C+A+Y%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration and the Spatial Concentration of Poverty AN - 61411384; 9605100 AB - Current Population Survey data are used to estimate the effect of migration of the poor & nonpoor on the spatial concentration of poverty among 5 categories of counties defined by county poverty rates &, separately, among nonmetropolitan high-poverty areas, central city high-poverty areas, & other areas. During the 1981-1984 study period, migration patterns of both the poor & nonpoor consistently reinforced pre-existing poverty concentrations. High migration rates of the poor into & out of high poverty counties suggests an equilibrium condition. Implications for theory, research, & policy are discussed. 4 Tables, 49 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Rural Sociology AU - Nord, Mark AU - Luloff, A E AU - Jensen, Leif AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, Washington DC 20005-4788 Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 399 EP - 415 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0036-0112, 0036-0112 KW - spatial concentration of poverty, poor/nonpoor migration KW - 1981-1984 county-level data, US KW - Migration Patterns KW - Poverty KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Spatial Analysis KW - Counties KW - article KW - 2757: studies in poverty; studies in poverty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61411384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rural+Sociology&rft.atitle=Migration+and+the+Spatial+Concentration+of+Poverty&rft.au=Nord%2C+Mark%3BLuloff%2C+A+E%3BJensen%2C+Leif&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Sociology&rft.issn=00360112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RUSOAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poverty; Migration Patterns; Spatial Analysis; Geographic Distribution; Counties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perception and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation AN - 16035329; 4093098 AB - Greenway development efforts often give priority to corridor length and linkages as top selection criteria, but other factors are also critical in ensuring a successful network of greenways for recreation. On-site surveys of recreationists (n = 2873) who used a diverse sample of 13 greenway trails in metropolitan Chicago showed that trail location relative to home strongly influenced how a greenway trail was used, who used it, how often it was used, and other factors. "Local", "regional", and "state" trails are distinguished on the basis of use patterns, preferences, and perceptions, with each trail type filling a unique role within a metropolitan greenway system. In contrast to some greenway planning strategies, study data suggest that from a recreational use perspective, local rather than regional trails should form the basic framework of a metropolitan system. Study findings also demonstrate how vegetation management, trail surfacing, maintenance, and other factors can affect use patterns and preferences. Location, design, and management decisions that incorporate trail user information can help metropolitan greenway systems achieve a broad range of recreational, social, and environmental goals. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 845 Chicago Ave., 225, Chicago, IL 60202, USA Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - Oct 1995 SP - 401 EP - 413 VL - 33 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois KW - parks KW - recreation sites KW - environmental perception KW - urban environments KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16035329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Perception+and+use+of+a+metropolitan+greenway+system+for+recreation&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Greenways. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Illinois; parks; urban environments; recreation sites; environmental perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the omtA genes encoding O-methyltransferases involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis from Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus. AN - 77523066; 7557460 AB - O-methyltransferase (OMT) is one of the key enzymes in aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis in the fungi, Aspergillus flavus (Af) and A. parasiticus (Ap). Genomic DNA clones containing the omtA genes from Ap strain SRRC 143 and Af strain CRA01-2B were sequenced. Comparison of the genomic DNA sequences with the cDNA of this Ap gene revealed the presence of four introns ranging from 52 to 60 bp in length in both species; the region encoding the putative S-adenosylmethionine-binding motif was located between the third and fourth introns. The coding sequence of omtA from Ap strain SRRC 143 demonstrated a greater than 97% sequence identity with that from Af strain CRA01-2B, within the coding region. JF - Gene AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P K AU - Payne, G A AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/22/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 22 SP - 121 EP - 125 VL - 163 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - omtA protein, Aspergillus KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Linkage KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Introns KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Methyltransferases -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Methyltransferases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77523066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+omtA+genes+encoding+O-methyltransferases+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+A.+flavus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BPayne%2C+G+A%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-22&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L25826; GENBANK; L25834 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) insecticide resistance in northeastern Mexico. AN - 77682971; 7473628 AB - Horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), populations in northeastern Mexico were surveyed for resistance to fenvalerate and coumaphos. Compared with a susceptible strain of horn flies, resistance levels among field populations for the pyrethroid, fenvalerate, ranged from 36 to 199 times at the LD50 level, indicating that horn fly control with pyrethroids would be unsatisfactory. Resistance to the organophosphate compound, coumaphos, was less evident, with flies at only 1 of 5 locations showing levels of tolerance that might interfere with adequate control. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Kunz, S E AU - Estrada, M O AU - Sanchez, H F AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 726 EP - 729 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - fenvalerate KW - Z6MXZ39302 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Mexico KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Male KW - Female KW - Muscidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77682971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Status+of+Haematobia+irritans+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+insecticide+resistance+in+northeastern+Mexico.&rft.au=Kunz%2C+S+E%3BEstrada%2C+M+O%3BSanchez%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Kunz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mariner transposase-like sequences from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor. AN - 77645427; 7560872 AB - Transposable genetic elements are assumed to be a feature of all eukaryotic genomes. They can serve as vectors in gene transfer systems and as mutagenic agents for isolation of genes. Until recently their identification has been primarily limited to organisms subjected to extensive genetic or molecular study. The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is an agriculturally important pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the United States and other parts of the world. We assessed the presence of mariner transposase-like sequences in M. destructor by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to detect conserved regions of the mariner transposase gene. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products revealed sequences with similarities to putative mariner transposase gene subfamilies from Drosophila mauritiana and horn fly, Haematobia irritans. DNA gel blot analyses indicated sequences hybridizing to the mariner transposase-like PCR clones occur at a moderate to low copy number in M. destructor. Results suggest the presence of an endogenous mobile-element system in M. destructor, which might be developed into a gene transfer system or serve in mapping genes. JF - The Journal of heredity AU - Shukle, R H AU - Russell, V W AD - USDA, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Transposases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genes, Insect KW - Mutagenesis KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Blotting, Southern KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Diptera -- enzymology KW - Diptera -- genetics KW - Nucleotidyltransferases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77645427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+heredity&rft.atitle=Mariner+transposase-like+sequences+from+the+Hessian+fly%2C+Mayetiola+destructor.&rft.au=Shukle%2C+R+H%3BRussell%2C+V+W&rft.aulast=Shukle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+heredity&rft.issn=00221503&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L10440; GENBANK; L10463; L10450; L10499; L10498; L10472; L10460 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effective resistance to potyvirus infection conferred by expression of antisense RNA in transgenic plants. AN - 77573462; 7579613 AB - Approximately 660 nt including the carboxy-terminal portion of the bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) coat protein gene, complete 3' noncoding sequence and a short poly(A) tract were introduced to produce antisense RNA in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. Original (R0) transformants were selfed, and homozygous second generation (R2) populations challenged with infected sap, purified virus, or viral RNA. One transgenic line of 10 examined was extremely resistant to infection by mechanical inoculation of 100 micrograms/ml BYMV or 50 micrograms/ml BYMV RNA (the highest concentrations tested); no virus could be detected in inoculated leaves of this line. Nine other lines were systemically infected when inoculated with BYMV or BYMV RNA, with initial symptoms indistinguishable from those in nontransgenic plants. One of these lines subsequently developed reduced symptoms and then symptomless, virus-free leaves (complete recovery from BYMV infection), while other lines produced leaves with reduced symptoms and reduced virus titer compared to the controls (partial recovery). No transgenic lines had resistance to infection, nor recovery from symptom expression, following inoculation with pepper mottle or turnip mosaic potyviruses. Antisense RNA from 3' regulatory regions can confer multiple degrees of resistance to potyviruses, including extreme resistanc to infection, presumably by interference in virus replication. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Hammond, J AU - Kamo, K K AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, MD 20705, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 674 EP - 682 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Capsid Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - RNA, Antisense KW - coat protein, Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Base Sequence KW - Homozygote KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plant Diseases -- virology KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- virology KW - Tobacco -- immunology KW - Potyvirus -- genetics KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - RNA, Antisense -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Potyvirus -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77573462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Effective+resistance+to+potyvirus+infection+conferred+by+expression+of+antisense+RNA+in+transgenic+plants.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J%3BKamo%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin Reduction in Dust from Heated Cotton Fibers AN - 754891049; 13497941 AB - Cotton was heated in a gas-fired pilot plant dryer at temperatures previously shown to reduce endotoxin levels in fiber. Heating at 255C for 20 seconds reduced the endotoxin content of dust collected from the fibers by 90% as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. However, heat detoxification at 255C had a detrimental effect on fiber physical properties as evaluated by high volume instrument testing, with a 24% reduction in fiber strength, a 6% reduction in length, and a 7% reduction in uniformity index. Dust release from cotton heated at 255C was three times that from unheated cotton. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Rousselle, Marie-Alice AU - Chun, David TW AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Qrleans, Louisiana 70179, U.S.A Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 501 EP - 504 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Temperature effects KW - Detoxification KW - Amebocytes KW - Fibers KW - Cotton KW - Textiles KW - Dust KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754891049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+Reduction+in+Dust+from+Heated+Cotton+Fibers&rft.au=Rousselle%2C+Marie-Alice%3BChun%2C+David+TW&rft.aulast=Rousselle&rft.aufirst=Marie-Alice&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759506500902 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amebocytes; Detoxification; Temperature effects; Endotoxins; Fibers; Cotton; Textiles; Dust DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759506500902 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alachlor and metolachlor movement during winter and early spring at three midwestern sites AN - 52721501; 1997-037162 JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B. Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes AU - Clay, S A AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Baker, J M Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 637 EP - 650 PB - Dekker, New York VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - soils KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - soil profiles KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - halogens KW - pollution KW - bromide ion KW - metolachlor KW - migration of elements KW - bromine KW - irrigation KW - partitioning KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - transport KW - alachlor KW - tracers KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - mobility KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52721501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health.+Part+B.+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants%2C+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Alachlor+and+metolachlor+movement+during+winter+and+early+spring+at+three+midwestern+sites&rft.au=Clay%2C+S+A%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BBaker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health.+Part+B.+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants%2C+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alachlor; bromide ion; bromine; concentration; detection; halogens; herbicides; irrigation; metolachlor; migration of elements; mobility; organic compounds; partitioning; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seasonal variations; soil profiles; soils; sorption; tracers; transport; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of climate change on water supplies in mountainous snowmelt regions AN - 15951716; 4059267 AB - Snowmelt runoff comprises a surprisingly large part of the world's water supply, especially in mountainous regions where it is depended upon for irrigation and hydropower. The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) was used on three mountain basins in North America under conditions of climate change in order to simulate the hydrological response to expect in the future. The focus was on increases in temperature and decreases in snow cover, although the effects of changes in precipitation and transpiration were considered briefly. It was found that in response to a 4-5 degree C warming, the beginning of the snowmelt season advances by about a month, snow cover disappears from the basin as much as a month earlier, and runoff is shifted from the summer half year to the winter half year with winter runoff sometimes doubling. It was further found that runoff in April and May (when water demands are low) is increased greatly at the expense of large decreases in June and July (when water demands are high). In extreme years the hydrological effects of climate change are intensified. The effects on water management will include changes in reservoir operating rules, increased maintenance for existing water control structures and replacement or construction of new facilities, reviews of water law in relation to climate change, and reassessment of existing interstate and international water compacts. The continually mounting demand for water will increase the need to know the climate change effects on water supply and the appropriate water management responses. JF - World Resource Review AU - Rango, A AD - USDA Hydrol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., BARC-W, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 315 EP - 325 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - hydrologic data KW - mathematical models KW - melt water KW - reservoir operation KW - snowmelt KW - water supplies KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - mountains KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - climatic changes KW - seasonal variations KW - water resources KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15951716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Effects+of+climate+change+on+water+supplies+in+mountainous+snowmelt+regions&rft.au=Rango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water supply; mountains; melt water; water management; seasonal variations; water resources; climatic changes; water supplies; hydrologic data; snowmelt; reservoir operation; North America; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population reductions of gram-negative pathogens following treatments with nisin and chelators under various conditions AN - 15912924; 4041811 AB - When used in combination with chelating agents (EDTA, EGTA, citrate, phosphate), the bacteriocin nisin is effective for reducing populations of gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This study examined parameters (buffers, temperature presence of divalent cations) that affect nisin inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. Approximately 7 log sub(10) colony-forming units (CFU) per ml of E. coli and S. typhimurium were treated in PBS or MOPS buffers containing 50 mu g /ml of purified nisin, alone or in combination with 500 mM lactate, 100 mM citrate, 50 mM EDTA, and 1% (wt/vol) sodium hexametaphosphate (pH 7.0) at 37 degree C for 60 min or 5 degree C for 30 min. Surviving bacterial populations were compared to untreated controls (buffers without nisin). Data indicated that treatments with nisin in buffers resulted in reductions of 4.30 and 2.30 log sub(10) CFU/ml of E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively, as compared to untreated controls. Population reductions ranging from 2.29 to 5.49 log sub(10) CFU/ml were observed when cells were treated with nisin and chelator combinations at either 37 degree C for 60 min or 5 degree C for 30 min. The addition of magnesium and calcium to buffers with nisin decreased inhibition. Data obtained from spectrophotometric experiments indicated that treatments were causing the release of cellular constituents. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were inconclusive, since cellular membranes did not appear to be disrupted. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 977 EP - 983 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - chelating agents KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - gram-negative bacteria KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15912924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Population+reductions+of+gram-negative+pathogens+following+treatments+with+nisin+and+chelators+under+various+conditions&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium; chelating agents; gram-negative bacteria; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of Salmonella enteritidis in pooled liquid egg samples using a magnetic bead-ELISA system AN - 15911243; 4043979 AB - An assay was developed to shorten the time necessary to detect Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in contaminated egg pools. The immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-based assay used the DynabeadsTM Anti-Salmonella, a magnetic bead with mouse anti-Salmonella antibodies affixed to the surface, to bind the SE in the egg pools. The bound SE were concentrated by a magnet and were detected via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IMS-ELISA) employing a monoclonal anti-SE flagellar proteins (flagellins) antibody. Following the ELISA, the beads were plated onto differential media (IMS-direct). The efficacy of the assay for detecting SE was compared with that of the standard assay, direct plating, in pooled egg samples spiked with low concentrations of SE and incubated at 37 degree C for 24 to 96 h. Conventional direct plating of egg samples required a total of 48 h before SE could be identified in egg pools, compared with 24 h for the IMS-ELISA. Plating of the beads (IMS-direct) to confirm the presence of SE required a further 24 h. The IMS-ELISA could detect SE at concentrations of 10 super(5) to 10 super(6) SE cells per ml, comparable to that shown previously for direct plating. The IMS-direct could detect SE at 10 super(4) SE cells per ml of egg pool. In egg pools initially contaminated with 10 SE cells per ml, the organism grew to levels by 24 h at 37 degree C where 100% of the pools were positive for SE by all three detection methods. In egg pools initially contaminated with 1 SE cell per ml, 61% of pools were detected by direct plating and IMS-ELISA and 72% were detected by IMS-direct. Similar detection frequencies were observed for a second SE isolate. The IMS-ELISA provides an SE detection rate comparable to direct plating but achieves the result 24 h sooner. The IMS-direct was the most sensitive means of detecting the SE. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Holt, P S AU - Gast, R K AU - Greene, C R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Southeast Poultr. Res. Lab., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 967 EP - 972 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - magnetic beads KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - eggs KW - immunoassays KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15911243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+pooled+liquid+egg+samples+using+a+magnetic+bead-ELISA+system&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BGast%2C+R+K%3BGreene%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; eggs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal resistance of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in liquid egg yolk and egg yolk products AN - 15906892; 4041809 AB - The effectiveness of various pasteurization procedures in destroying Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis in liquid egg products was evaluated. Survivor studies were performed on individual strains of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in commercially broken raw egg yolk samples after heating at 61.1, 63.3, and 64.4 degree C using submerged vials, and on Salmonella spp. at 60.0, 61.1, and 62.2 degree C. Surviving bacteria were enumerated on TSA and results expressed as D-values. The influence of a sub(w)-lowering ingredients such as salt and sugar on thermal resistance in yolk was investigated using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes or a mixture of Salmonella spp. (four strains of S. enteritidis, one strain each of S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium) at 61.1 degree C to 66.7 degree C. At 61.1 degree C (present minimum temperature for pasteurization of plain egg yolk), a 7-log-unit reduction of Salmonella took 1.4 to 2.4 min, whereas a 7-log-unit reduction of L. monocytogenes took 4.9 to 16.1 min. The D-value for L. monocytogenes at 64.4 degree C increased from 0.44 min in plain yolk to 8.26 min after a 21.5-min lag (total time to achieve 1-log-unit reduction was 30.7 min) in yolk with 10% salt and 5% sugar, and 27.3 min after a 10.5-min lag (total time 37.8 min for 1-log-unit reduction) in yolk with 20% salt. The D-value for Salmonella in egg yolk at 64.4 degree C was <0.2 min, but when 10% salt was added, the D-value was 6.4 min. A sub(w)-lowering solutes in liquid egg yolk increased the thermal resistance of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Palumbo AU - Beers, S M AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Palumbo, SA AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Louisiana., Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 960 EP - 966 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - eggs KW - thermal stability KW - pasteurization KW - yolk KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15906892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+resistance+of+Salmonella+spp.+and+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+liquid+egg+yolk+and+egg+yolk+products&rft.au=Palumbo%3BBeers%2C+S+M%3BBhaduri%2C+S%3BPalumbo%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; eggs; yolk; thermal stability; pasteurization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatments with nisin and chelators to reduce Salmonella and Escherichia coli on beef AN - 15905033; 4041805 AB - Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 or Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to lean beef tissue were treated with citrate, lactate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or EDTA, alone or in combination with nisin in simple buffers, and incubated at 4 degree C for up to 3 days. Lactate with nisin reduced S. typhimurium attached to beef by 040 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), while EDTA and nisin reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 0.42 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Unlike earlier in vitro studies in which treatments with nisin and chelating agents resulted in reductions of > 4 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), such reductions were not observed in situ. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Ser., Roman L. Hruska US. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., Clay Cent., NE 68933 USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 1028 EP - 1030 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - chelating agents KW - beef KW - meat KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15905033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Treatments+with+nisin+and+chelators+to+reduce+Salmonella+and+Escherichia+coli+on+beef&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1028&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Escherichia coli; chelating agents; beef; meat; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemically mediated ovipositional behaviors of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15817787; 3997476 AB - The volatile plant sesquiterpenoids farnesene, nerolidol, and farnesol were tested to determine their effect on European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, oviposition during the first six nights of the adult stage. Adult European corn borers were released into cages designed to encourage oviposition on eight glass plates randomly arranged on top of the cage: four coated with either 80 mu g/cm super(2) farnesene, nerolidol, or farnesol, and four coated with the solvent methylene chloride. The setup was used as a binary choice test. Farnesene was preferred by females because they deposited significantly more egg masses on plates coated with the compound. Nerolidol had no effect. Farnesol, by contrast, deterred oviposition: the number of egg masses was significantly lower on plates covered with that compound. These data show that structural modification at a single terminal functional group in these compounds affects the ovipositional behavior of European corn borer females. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Binder, B F AU - Robbins, J C AU - Wilson, R L AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects Res. Unit, and Dep. Entomol. Genet. Lab., c/o Insectary Bldg., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 1315 EP - 1327 VL - 21 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Lepidoptera KW - sesquiterpenes KW - farnesene KW - farnesol KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - deterrents KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - volatiles KW - oviposition KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15817787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Chemically+mediated+ovipositional+behaviors+of+the+European+corn+borer%2C+Ostrinia+nubilalis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Binder%2C+B+F%3BRobbins%2C+J+C%3BWilson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ostrinia nubilalis; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; oviposition; volatiles; deterrents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limonoate dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter globiformis: The native enzyme and its N-terminal sequence AN - 15789511; 3993562 AB - Bitter limonoids in citrus juice lower the quality and value of commercial juices. Limonoate dehydrogenase converts the precursor of bitter limonin, limonoate A-ring lactone, to nonbitter 17-dehydrolimonoate A-ring lactone. This enzyme was isolated from Arthrobacter globiformis cells by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography and DEAE ion exchange HPLC. Using this protocol a 428-fold purification of the enzyme was obtained. Gel filtration HPLC indicated a M sub(r) of 118 000 for the native enzyme. SDS-PAGE indicated an individual subunit M sub(r) of 31 000. N-Terminal sequencing of the protein provided a sequence of the first 16 amino acid residues. Since LDH activity in citrus is very low, cloning the gene for this bacterial enzyme into citrus trees should enhance the natural debittering mechanism in citrus fruit. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Suhayda, C G AU - Omura, M AU - Hasegawa, S AD - USDA/ARS Western Regional Res. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 17 EP - 20 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - limonoate dehydrogenase KW - liminoids KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - bitterness KW - Arthrobacter globiformis KW - R 18080:Chemistry of sapid materials KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Limonoate+dehydrogenase+from+Arthrobacter+globiformis%3A+The+native+enzyme+and+its+N-terminal+sequence&rft.au=Suhayda%2C+C+G%3BOmura%2C+M%3BHasegawa%2C+S&rft.aulast=Suhayda&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthrobacter globiformis; bitterness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of reversed-phase and ion-pair chromatography for the determination of strychnine in animal tissues. AN - 77591680; 7493087 AB - Ion-pair and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated for quantification of strychnine in mountain beaver tissues. Retention time shifts hindered strychnine quantification with both HPLC systems. Co-extracted free fatty acids released during storage formed ion-pairs with strychnine, resulting in increased retention by reversed-phase HPLC. Competition with co-extracted basic compounds is likely responsible for the decreased retention of strychnine by ion-pair HPLC. Following an acid-base clean-up, optimal results were obtained with reversed-phase HPLC. Ion-pair chromatography was then used for qualitative confirmation of strychnine residues. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications AU - Johnston, J J AU - Petty, E E AU - Okuno, I AU - Nolte, D L AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225, USA. Y1 - 1995/08/04/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Aug 04 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 670 IS - 1 SN - 1572-6495, 1572-6495 KW - Ions KW - 0 KW - Strychnine KW - H9Y79VD43J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Rodentia KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Strychnine -- analysis KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Digestive System -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77591680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+reversed-phase+and+ion-pair+chromatography+for+the+determination+of+strychnine+in+animal+tissues.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BPetty%2C+E+E%3BOkuno%2C+I%3BNolte%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-04&rft.volume=670&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.issn=15726495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of feeding fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and aflatoxin singly and in combination to turkey poults. AN - 77684232; 7479507 AB - Diets containing 200 mg fumonisin B1/kg of feed and .75 mg aflatoxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 10% by fumonisin B1, 39% by aflatoxins, and 47% by the combination. Relative weights (grams/100 g body weight) of the kidney and pancreas increased in poults fed the diet containing aflatoxins alone, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Relative weights of the liver and pancreas increased in the poults fed the fumonisin diet. Relative weights of the kidney, pancreas, and gizzard increased in the poults fed the combination diet, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Most serum constituents, hematology values, and activities of enzymes measured were altered in poults receiving the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B1. No major histological lesions were observed in tissues from control poults or poults fed the diet containing fumonisin alone. Lesions associated with aflatoxins were only observed in the liver and occasionally in the kidney of poults fed the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B1. The primary hepatic change was bile duct hyperplasia with some hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis and megalocytosis. Occasional necrotic and degenerating tubular epithelial cells were observed in the kidneys. The increased toxicity in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables showed less than additive toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kamps-Holtzapple, C AU - Harvey, R B AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1295 EP - 1303 VL - 74 IS - 8 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Fusarium KW - Animal Feed KW - Turkeys KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77684232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+aflatoxin+singly+and+in+combination+to+turkey+poults.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKamps-Holtzapple%2C+C%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypochlorhydria from short-term omeprazole treatment does not inhibit intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from food in humans. AN - 77570709; 8568113 AB - Low gastric pH is generally believed to be an important factor in intestinal mineral absorption. Thus, hypochlorhydria could be an important risk factor for mineral malabsorption and the development of marginal mineral status. We studied whether the hypochlorhydria associated with treatment with the anti-ulcer medication omeprazole, a potent gastric proton pump inhibition, would affect intestinal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc absorption from food. Thirteen normal, healthy adults were assigned to either a control group (n = 5) receiving no drug treatment or an omeprazole treatment group (n = 8) to produce increased gastric pH. Omeprazole treatment of normal volunteers resulted in a significant change in postprandial gastric pH (pH 6.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.5 in control subjects, p < 0.01) and baseline fasting pH (pH 5.8 +/- 0.5 vs. pH 1.8 +/- 0.3 in controls, p < 0.01) after an overnight fast. Net mineral absorption from a standard test meal was measured using a whole gut lavage technique. Mineral absorption was measured twice in each subject, once with 120 mL of 0.1 mol/liter hydrochloric acid and a second time with 120 mL of distilled water alone. We found that despite marked changes in gastric pH due to drug treatment or administration of exogenous HCl, no change in the intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from a standard test meal was evident. These findings suggest that changing the gastric pH alone does not modify the net intestinal absorption of several minerals from food. Therefore, it is unlikely that moderate hypochlorhydria resulting from short-term omeprazole treatment substantially increases the risk for developing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc deficiencies due to mineral malabsorption. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Serfaty-Lacrosniere, C AU - Wood, R J AU - Voytko, D AU - Saltzman, J R AU - Pedrosa, M AU - Sepe, T E AU - Russell, R R AD - Tufts University, Mineral Bioavailability Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Anti-Ulcer Agents KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Calcium -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aged KW - Magnesium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration -- drug effects KW - Adult KW - Magnesium -- analysis KW - Calcium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stomach -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Omeprazole -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Ulcer Agents -- pharmacology KW - Achlorhydria -- physiopathology KW - Intestinal Absorption -- drug effects KW - Achlorhydria -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- pharmacokinetics KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Metals -- pharmacokinetics KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Achlorhydria -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77570709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Hypochlorhydria+from+short-term+omeprazole+treatment+does+not+inhibit+intestinal+absorption+of+calcium%2C+phosphorus%2C+magnesium+or+zinc+from+food+in+humans.&rft.au=Serfaty-Lacrosniere%2C+C%3BWood%2C+R+J%3BVoytko%2C+D%3BSaltzman%2C+J+R%3BPedrosa%2C+M%3BSepe%2C+T+E%3BRussell%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Serfaty-Lacrosniere&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Helicobacter mustelae infection on ferret gastric epithelial cell proliferation. AN - 77435107; 7634423 AB - The effect of Helicobacter mustelae infection on gastric epithelial proliferation was studied in ferrets colonized with H.mustelae and specific pathogen-free (SPF) ferrets not infected with H.mustelae. Thirteen H. mustelae-infected ferrets between the ages of 13 and 32 months and 16 SPF ferrets between 6 and 18 months were analyzed. Bacterial cultures, urease tests and Warthin-Starry stains were used to identify H.mustelae. Tissues obtained from the antrum and the body regions of the stomach were assayed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and measured using a computerized color image analysis system. PCNA-expressing gastric epithelia in the antrum and the body regions were significantly increased in the H.mustelae-infected ferrets versus the SPF ferrets (P < 0.001). PCNA positivity in the antrum regions of both the H.mustelae-infected ferrets and SPF ferrets was significantly higher than that of the body regions (P < 0.001). Comparison of the histopathology of infected ferrets indicated that PCNA positivity correlated with the histological severity of gastritis. This study suggests that cell proliferation in ferret gastric mucosa increases with H.mustelae infection and provides evidence that PCNA is a useful biomarker for studying the changes in cell kinetics in the ferret stomach. The data also further support the use of the H.mustelae-infected ferret as an animal model for studying the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric diseases of humans. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Yu, J AU - Russell, R M AU - Salomon, R N AU - Murphy, J C AU - Palley, L S AU - Fox, J G AD - Gastrointestinal Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1927 EP - 1931 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - 0 KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine -- toxicity KW - Ferrets KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- analysis KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Stomach -- pathology KW - Helicobacter Infections -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77435107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Helicobacter+mustelae+infection+on+ferret+gastric+epithelial+cell+proliferation.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BRussell%2C+R+M%3BSalomon%2C+R+N%3BMurphy%2C+J+C%3BPalley%2C+L+S%3BFox%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Test of the LEACHP model for predicting atrazine movement in three Minnesota soils AN - 52817284; 1996-055016 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Khakural, B R AU - Robert, P C AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Sorenson, B A AU - Buhler, D D AU - Wyse, D L Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 644 EP - 655 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - LEACHP KW - triazines KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - chemical composition KW - mobility KW - soils KW - Minnesota KW - concentration KW - soil profiles KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - models KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - detection KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52817284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Test+of+the+LEACHP+model+for+predicting+atrazine+movement+in+three+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Khakural%2C+B+R%3BRobert%2C+P+C%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BSorenson%2C+B+A%3BBuhler%2C+D+D%3BWyse%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Khakural&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; atrazine; chemical composition; concentration; detection; herbicides; LEACHP; loam; migration of elements; Minnesota; mobility; models; monitoring; organic compounds; pesticides; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; prediction; soil profiles; soils; transport; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water content effect on soil salinity prediction; a geostatistical study using cokriging AN - 50123154; 1995-056424 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Lesch, Scott M AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Cone, David G Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1146 EP - 1156 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Global Positioning System KW - electrical conductivity KW - cokriging KW - San Joaquin Valley KW - geophysical surveys KW - Fresno County California KW - moisture KW - statistical analysis KW - induction KW - geophysical methods KW - Broadview Farms Quadrangle KW - unsaturated zone KW - geostatistics KW - salinity KW - irrigation KW - California KW - Firebaugh Quadrangle KW - Broadview Farms California KW - electromagnetic methods KW - surveys KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50123154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Water+content+effect+on+soil+salinity+prediction%3B+a+geostatistical+study+using+cokriging&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BLesch%2C+Scott+M%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BCone%2C+David+G&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Broadview Farms California; Broadview Farms Quadrangle; California; cokriging; electrical conductivity; electromagnetic methods; Firebaugh Quadrangle; Fresno County California; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; geostatistics; Global Positioning System; hydrology; induction; irrigation; moisture; salinity; San Joaquin Valley; soils; statistical analysis; surveys; United States; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reassessment of Polynov's ion-mobility series AN - 50122083; 1995-056420 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Hudson, Berman D Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 1101 EP - 1103 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - sodium ion KW - halogens KW - silicon KW - ions KW - iron KW - sedimentary rocks KW - potassium ion KW - chloride ion KW - aluminum KW - calcium ion KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - chlorine KW - alkaline earth metals KW - pedogenesis KW - sulfate ion KW - alkali metals KW - sodium KW - weathering KW - metals KW - potassium KW - mobilization KW - magnesium ion KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50122083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Reassessment+of+Polynov%27s+ion-mobility+series&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Berman+D&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Berman&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; aluminum; calcium; calcium ion; chloride ion; chlorine; geochemistry; halogens; ions; iron; magnesium; magnesium ion; metals; mobilization; pedogenesis; potassium; potassium ion; sedimentary rocks; silicon; sodium; sodium ion; soils; sulfate ion; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface aggregates and macropore effects on chemical transport in soil under rainfall AN - 50122034; 1995-056412 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Heathman, G C AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Timlin, D J AU - Johnsen, K E Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 990 EP - 997 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - Fort Reno Watershed KW - halogens KW - bromide ion KW - preferential flow KW - column studies KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - Canadian County Oklahoma KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - tracers KW - Paleustolls KW - El Reno Oklahoma KW - soils KW - alkaline earth metals KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - soil aggregates KW - bromine KW - porosity KW - morphology KW - Oklahoma KW - metals KW - strontium KW - Mollisols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50122034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Surface+aggregates+and+macropore+effects+on+chemical+transport+in+soil+under+rainfall&rft.au=Heathman%2C+G+C%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BTimlin%2C+D+J%3BJohnsen%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Heathman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=990&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; alkaline earth metals; bromide ion; bromine; Canadian County Oklahoma; column studies; El Reno Oklahoma; Fort Reno Watershed; ground water; halogens; metals; Mollisols; morphology; Oklahoma; Paleustolls; pollutants; pollution; porosity; preferential flow; simulation; soil aggregates; soils; strontium; tracers; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in chicks treated with a continuous flow culture of 29 characterized bacteria: Confirmation by scanning electron microscopy AN - 15905692; 4041824 AB - Bacterial colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in 3-day-old chicks administered a characterized continuous-flow (CF) culture of 29 microorganisms on the day of hatch was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive colonization of the mucosa was noted in the ceca of CF-treated chicks, with large colonies of bacteria located predominately within and between crypts. Cecal crypts from control chicks contained only thin strands of mucus with a few bacteria. Individual cells and clumps of bacteria were observed bound to the mucosal epithelium in both CF-treated and control chicks. Colonization by CF culture bacteria was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents and increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Corrier, DE AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Deloach, J R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Ser., 2881 F&B Rd., Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., College Station, TX 77845 USA Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - Aug 1995 SP - 837 EP - 842 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mucosa KW - cecum KW - bacteria KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - scanning electron microscopy KW - colonization KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15905692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+cecal+mucosal+epithelium+in+chicks+treated+with+a+continuous+flow+culture+of+29+characterized+bacteria%3A+Confirmation+by+scanning+electron+microscopy&rft.au=Droleskey%2C+R+E%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Droleskey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; mucosa; cecum; bacteria; colonization; scanning electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wojnowicia colluvium sp. nov. isolated from conifer litter AN - 15821188; 4004297 AB - A coelomycetous fungus was isolated from conifer litter collected in western New Mexico and is described herein as a new species Wojnowicia colluvium. When grown in both nutrient media and on alfalfa twigs in water agar, the characteristics of the conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia remain relatively constant. A synopsis is provided of the three species accepted in Wojnowicia. Based on their descriptions, W. buxi is considered a synonym of W. ephedrae, and W. byrophila does not belong in Wojnowicia. JF - Mycologia AU - Farr, D F AU - Bills, G F AD - USDA, ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - Aug 1995 SP - 518 EP - 524 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - new species KW - Wojnowicia colluvium KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, New Mexico KW - litter fall KW - taxonomy KW - leaf litter KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15821188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Wojnowicia+colluvium+sp.+nov.+isolated+from+conifer+litter&rft.au=Farr%2C+D+F%3BBills%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Mexico; litter fall; leaf litter; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. AN - 77468667; 7651333 AB - The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides was isolated from a cloned DNA fragment carrying the Tri5 gene by complementation of a Tri4- mutant. The nucleotide sequence of Tri4 was determined and the locations of three introns were identified. Analysis of Tri4 mRNA levels revealed that transcription reached maximum levels coincidently with the onset of trichothecene biosynthesis, and then declined 20-fold over the next 8 h. Disruption of Tri4 resulted in the loss of production of both trichothecenes and apotrichodiol and the accumulation of the unoxygenated pathway intermediate trichodiene. Transformants lacking a functional Tri4 gene were able to convert isotrichotriol, an early pathway intermediate, to T-2 toxin suggesting that most pathway enzymes are present in Tri4- mutants. These data suggest that the enzyme encoded by Tri4 catalyzes the first oxygenation step in the trichothecene pathway and participates in apotrichodiol biosynthesis. Tri4 encodes a protein of 520 residues (M(r) = 59 056) that shows significant homology with members of the superfamily of cytochromes P450. It appears most similar to the CYP3A subfamily (24.6% amino acid identity). Because it contains less than 40% positional identity with other cytochromes P450, the Tri4 gene has been placed in a new cytochrome P450 gene family designated CY P58. JF - Molecular & general genetics : MGG AU - Hohn, T M AU - Desjardins, A E AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/22/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 22 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 248 IS - 1 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - Tri4 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Mutation KW - Protein Conformation KW - Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77468667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=The+Tri4+gene+of+Fusarium+sporotrichioides+encodes+a+cytochrome+P450+monooxygenase+involved+in+trichothecene+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-07-22&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tri4 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22462; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of vesicular dermatitis among horses at a midwestern horse show. AN - 77378232; 7601718 AB - Dermatitis consisting of blisters on the nose and other parts of the body was reported among horses at a Midwestern horse show. Some horses also had jaundice, hematuria and anorexia. An outbreak investigation was initiated, and of 239 horses for which information could be obtained, 58 (24%) were found to have been affected. Median duration of illness was 5 days, and all horses recovered. Age, sex, water source, grain source, and stabling location were not associated with illness. The use of wood shavings bedding obtained at the show grounds was the factor most strongly associated with the development of vesicular lesions. Horses that became ill were 43 times more likely to have been bedded on wood shavings obtained from the show grounds than were horses that did not become ill. Among horses bedded on shavings from the show grounds, the risk was further increased by a factor of 5 if the shavings had been wetted. Neither organic nor heavy metal toxicants were identified in the samples of the wood shavings. However, samples did contain plant tissues originating from a tree belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, some species of which are known to cause vesicular eruptions in people. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Campagnolo, E R AU - Trock, S C AU - Hungerford, L L AU - Shumaker, T J AU - Teclaw, R AU - Miller, R B AU - Nelson, H A AU - Ross, F AU - Reynolds, D J AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, Springfield, IL 62702, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 15 SP - 211 EP - 213 VL - 207 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Illinois -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Housing, Animal KW - Horses KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous -- veterinary KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Trees KW - Horse Diseases -- etiology KW - Horse Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous -- etiology KW - Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77378232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+vesicular+dermatitis+among+horses+at+a+midwestern+horse+show.&rft.au=Campagnolo%2C+E+R%3BTrock%2C+S+C%3BHungerford%2C+L+L%3BShumaker%2C+T+J%3BTeclaw%2C+R%3BMiller%2C+R+B%3BNelson%2C+H+A%3BRoss%2C+F%3BReynolds%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Campagnolo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-07-15&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced virulence of Gibberella zeae caused by disruption of a trichothecene toxin biosynthetic gene. AN - 77830367; 8589414 AB - The production of trichothecene mycotoxins by some plant pathogenic species of Fusarium is thought to contribute to their virulence. Gibberella zeae (F. graminearum) is an important cereal pathogen that produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol. To determine if trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae, we generated trichothecene-deficient mutants of the fungus by gene disruption. The disrupted gene, Tri5, encodes the enzyme trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first step in trichothecene biosynthesis. To disrupt Tri5, G. zeae was transformed with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the Tri5 coding region interrupted by a hygromycin B resistance gene. Tri5- transformants were selected by screening for the inability to produce trichothecenes and by Southern blot analysis. Tri5- strains exhibited reduced virulence on seedlings of Wheaton wheat and common winter rye, but wild-type virulence on seedlings of Golden Bantam maize. On Caldwell and Marshall wheat and Porter oat seedlings, Tri5- strains were inconsistent in causing less disease than their wild-type progenitor strain. Head blight developed more slowly on Wheaton when inoculated with Tri5- mutants than when inoculated with wild-type strains. These results suggest that trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae on some hosts. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 593 EP - 601 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Tri5 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Gene Amplification KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Gibberella -- pathogenicity KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77830367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Reduced+virulence+of+Gibberella+zeae+caused+by+disruption+of+a+trichothecene+toxin+biosynthetic+gene.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tri5 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22464; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of essential trace elements: new approaches to setting recommended dietary allowances and safety limits. AN - 77771981; 7494619 AB - By definition, every essential trace element must have a range of intakes safe from toxicity but adequate enough to meet nutrition requirements. That range is part of the total dose-response curve and its lower and upper limits are delineated on the basis of nutrition and toxicology data, respectively. Close coordination of activities to set these limits is necessary to avoid recommendations that are either impractical (narrow zones of safe and adequate intakes) or contradictory (overlapping limits, i.e., no zones of safe and adequate intakes). JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Mertz, W AD - United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 53 IS - 7 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Selenium -- standards KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Homeostasis KW - Chromium -- standards KW - Chromium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zinc -- standards KW - Diet -- standards KW - Risk Assessment KW - Biological Availability KW - Trace Elements -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nutrition Policy KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Trace Elements -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77771981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+essential+trace+elements%3A+new+approaches+to+setting+recommended+dietary+allowances+and+safety+limits.&rft.au=Mertz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mertz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical screening procedures for sulfamethazine and N4-acetylsulfamethazine in milk at low parts-per-billion levels. AN - 77646060; 7580337 AB - Relatively simple and inexpensive procedures for screening milk for sulfamethazine (SMZ) and one of its metabolites, N4-acetylsulfamethazine (ASMZ), are detailed. Both methods detect at the low parts-per-billion level and are suitable for both field and laboratory use. Milk is passed over Chromosorb 102, which adsorbs SMZ. The drug is eluted and purified by direct passage of the effluent over small beds of buffered anion-exchange resins and alumina and is finally isolated and detected colorimetrically. For ASMZ, the procedure is modified so that SMZ is removed in the purification steps. The isolated ASMZ is then hydrolyzed to SMZ for detection. Application of the methods 5 years apart (1988 and 1993) shows that SMZ is still being used but to a lesser extent in 1993. Of over 250 samples screened in the 2 studies, only 2 were estimated to contain SMZ at 10 ppb, and the majority contained SMZ at 1 ppb. ASMZ was detected in a number of samples that were negative for SMZ. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schwartz, D P AU - Lightfield, A R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 967 EP - 970 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - N-acetylsulfamethazine KW - 35255-37-9 KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Animals KW - Sulfamethazine -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Sulfamethazine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77646060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Practical+screening+procedures+for+sulfamethazine+and+N4-acetylsulfamethazine+in+milk+at+low+parts-per-billion+levels.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+D+P%3BLightfield%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abortion in heifers inoculated with a thymidine kinase-negative recombinant of bovine herpesvirus 1. AN - 77610018; 7574153 AB - The Copper isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) was used to produce a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) recombinant by insertion of a beta-galactosidase (bgal) expression cassette into the TK coding region. The recombinant virus (TK- bgal+) was tested for abortifacient activity in cattle by inoculation of 5 pregnant heifers at 25 to 29 weeks gestation. Five additional heifers were inoculated with the Cooper TK-positive (TK+) virus to serve as controls. After inoculation, both groups of heifers developed similar febrile responses and neutralizing antibody titers. Virus was isolated from blood of all heifers during the first postinoculation (PI) week, and isolation frequencies were similar for both groups. In contrast, whereas virus was isolated from many of the nasal and vaginal swab specimens of heifers inoculated with TK+ virus, only rare virus isolations were made from the heifers given TK- bgal+ virus. All heifers inoculated with TK+ virus aborted between PI days 19 and 35. The finding of characteristic microscopic lesions and viral antigen in fetal tissues indicated that the abortions were caused by BHV-1 infection. Virus was isolated from 3 fetuses, and all isolates were TK+ virus. Two heifers inoculated with TK- bgal+ virus aborted at PI days 25 and 39. Fetal tissues had typical BHV-1 microscopic lesions and viral antigen. Virus was isolated from blood of both fetuses, and the isolates were TK- bgal+. Results of this study indicate that inactivation of the TK gene reduces, but does not eliminate, the abortifacient activity of BHV-1. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Miller, J M AU - Whetstone, C A AU - Bello, L J AU - Lawrence, W C AU - Whitbeck, J C AD - USDA, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 870 EP - 874 VL - 56 IS - 7 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fetal Death -- veterinary KW - Cattle KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - beta-Galactosidase -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Gene Deletion KW - Abortion, Veterinary KW - Herpesvirus 1, Bovine -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77610018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Abortion+in+heifers+inoculated+with+a+thymidine+kinase-negative+recombinant+of+bovine+herpesvirus+1.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M%3BWhetstone%2C+C+A%3BBello%2C+L+J%3BLawrence%2C+W+C%3BWhitbeck%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin on aflatoxicosis when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets of growing swine. AN - 77582911; 7578454 AB - Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and the antibiotics lincomycin (L) and tylosin (T) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each, mean body weight 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (for a total of 36): 0 mg L, 0 mg T, and 0 mg AF/kg of feed (control); 220 mg L/kg of feed (200 g/ton); 110 mg T/kg of feed (100 g/ton); 2.5 mg AF/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 220 mg L/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 110 mg T/kg of feed. Barrows were administered their respective diets for 28 days. Body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption were reduced by the AF alone, the AF plus L, and the AF plus T treatments, compared with control, L, and T treatments. Altered serum biochemical or hematologic measurements induced by AF treatments included increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and mean cell hemoglobin, decreased serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and decreased lymphoblastogenic response. Liver weight was increased, and microscopic lesions were consistent with those observed in cases of aflatoxicosis. With some other minor exceptions for hematologic and immunologic variables, these data indicate that the feed antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin, when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets, do not have beneficial or detrimental effects on aflatoxicosis in growing swine. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Corrier, D E AU - Elissalde, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 374 EP - 379 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Blood Proteins KW - Hemoglobins KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Lincomycin KW - BOD072YW0F KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Tylosin KW - YEF4JXN031 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Erythrocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Iron -- blood KW - Weight Gain KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Leukocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Animal Feed KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Tylosin -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- physiopathology KW - Lincomycin -- pharmacology KW - Food Contamination KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77582911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+antibiotics+lincomycin+and+tylosin+on+aflatoxicosis+when+added+to+aflatoxin-contaminated+diets+of+growing+swine.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BCorrier%2C+D+E%3BElissalde%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional analysis of avian class I (BFIV) glycoproteins by epitope tagging and mutagenesis in vitro. AN - 77412162; 7621880 AB - Similarities between the physical structures of avian and mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoproteins have been proposed based on comparative alignment of their amino acid sequences. To investigate the physical structure of the chicken class I glycoprotein, we cloned the cDNA representing the BFIV locus of the B21 haplotype. A unique, chimeric class I glycoprotein was constructed by incorporating an epitope tag (FLAG) at the N terminus. Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell-surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. The chimeric class I glycoprotein was expressed in target cells using an avian leukosis virus (ALV)-derived retrovirus vector (RCASBP). The presence of the FLAG epitope did not interfere with either alloantibody recognition or cytotoxic T lymphocyte interaction. Functional analysis employing site-directed mutagenesis identified BF amino acid residues forming serologic epitopes as well as residues important in antigen presentation to ALV-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BF residues 78 and 81, corresponding to HLA 79 and 82, form an antibody epitope with a slight effect on ALV antigen presentation, consistent with their predicted orientation based on the HLA-A2 crystal structure. Alignment of the BFIV21 sequence with previously published BFIV sequences revealed polymorphisms at position 34 (HLA 34), a monomorphic residues in HLA and H-2. Residue 34 is located in pocket B and is predicted to contact the main-chain carbon of peptides bound in HLA-A2. A site-directed substitution in BFIV residue 34 dramatically alters ALV antigen presentation by the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. These data indicate that the physical molecular structure of the chicken MHC class I glycoprotein is similar to HLA. JF - European journal of immunology AU - Fulton, J E AU - Thacker, E L AU - Bacon, L D AU - Hunt, H D AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2069 EP - 2076 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0014-2980, 0014-2980 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I KW - Peptides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- immunology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic KW - Base Sequence KW - Immunity, Cellular KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Peptides -- chemistry KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Epitope Mapping KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I -- chemistry KW - Genes, MHC Class I UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77412162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.atitle=Functional+analysis+of+avian+class+I+%28BFIV%29+glycoproteins+by+epitope+tagging+and+mutagenesis+in+vitro.&rft.au=Fulton%2C+J+E%3BThacker%2C+E+L%3BBacon%2C+L+D%3BHunt%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Fulton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.issn=00142980&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - S78682; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of energy source and food flavor on conditioned preferences in sheep. AN - 77517504; 7673058 AB - Livestock and range managers would have a powerful tool to direct utilization and modify plant communities if animals could be conditioned to eat specific foods or plants. We attempted to condition preferences for a low-quality forage through nutrient loading. Sheep were fed licorice or orange-flavored straw pellets then were gavaged with glucose or propionate (.381 Mcal, which amounted to approximately 13% of the daily maintenance energy requirement) or water. Four groups of ewes (n = 4) were arranged in a cross-blocked design such that each group received a unique energy/flavor combination: 1) propionate+licorice, 2) propionate+orange, 3) glucose+licorice, or 4) glucose+orange. On alternate days, each group received the other flavor plus water to create an internal control. At the end of 8 d of conditioning, preference for the two flavors was measured by two-choice preference tests. A second trial was conducted for 4 d in which the energy level was doubled to .762 Mcal. Low energy levels of either glucose or propionate did not create significant preferences. Propionate at the low-level caused satiety but at the high level conditioned an aversion to both flavors. This high level of propionate apparently caused malaise that was then associated with the taste of the flavors. The high level of glucose conditioned a preference. The high glucose treatment increased rumen microbial mass, the nutrients of which would have been absorbed in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and may have indirectly provided the positive nutrient feedback required to form a preference. There was a flavor preference for orange that was independent of the energy supplements. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Provenza, F D AU - Wiedmeier, R D AU - Bunderson, F B AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1651 EP - 1657 VL - 73 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Propionates KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Acetates -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Glycyrrhiza KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Random Allocation KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Rumen -- physiology KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Rumen -- chemistry KW - Digestive System Physiological Phenomena KW - Satiety Response -- physiology KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Citrus -- standards KW - Female KW - Taste -- physiology KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Feeding Behavior -- physiology KW - Food Preferences -- physiology KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77517504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+energy+source+and+food+flavor+on+conditioned+preferences+in+sheep.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BProvenza%2C+F+D%3BWiedmeier%2C+R+D%3BBunderson%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the significance of animal food products as potential pathways of human exposures to dioxins. AN - 77515254; 7673057 AB - The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) are groups of compounds with similar chemical and toxicological properties. Carcinogenicity was considered the most serious toxic end point when setting previous regulatory policies, but recent concerns have focused on the possible endocrine-disrupting activities of the dioxins. Toxicity is related to the 2,3,7,8 pattern of chlorine substitution, a pattern that also leads to chemical and metabolic stability. Dioxins are practically insoluble in water and concentrate in lipids of biological systems, leading to low background concentrations in fat of the general human population. Major environmental sources of dioxins are emissions from industrial chlorination processes and combustion of materials containing chlorine. Inhalation and water have been ruled out as significant exposure pathways, which suggests that food is the primary source. Pathways of entry into food chains are atmospheric transport of emissions and their subsequent deposition on plants, soils, and water. The major food sources seem to be fat-containing animal products and some seafoods. This conclusion is based on evaluations of potential environmental pathways involving dioxins and related compounds. Generally, dioxins and other lipophilic compounds are not taken up and translocated by plants, so residues in foods and feeds derived from seeds should be negligible. Animals on high-roughage diets, or those that ingest contaminated soil, are the most likely to accumulate dioxin residues from the environment. The conclusion that animal products are a major source of human exposure requires verification by appropriate food sampling programs and animal metabolism studies. If it is desirable to reduce human exposure to dioxins via the food supply, reduction of sources would be a more effective strategy than changing agricultural practices and food consumption patterns. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Fries, G F AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, MD 20705-2350. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1639 EP - 1650 VL - 73 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Furans KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Furans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Dairy Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Furans -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- poisoning KW - Biological Availability KW - DDT -- poisoning KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - DDT -- pharmacokinetics KW - Risk Factors KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dioxins -- poisoning KW - Dioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animal Feed -- poisoning KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77515254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+significance+of+animal+food+products+as+potential+pathways+of+human+exposures+to+dioxins.&rft.au=Fries%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Fries&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity relationships of norditerpenoid alkaloids occurring in toxic larkspur (Delphinium) species. AN - 77502458; 7673930 AB - Fourteen norditerpenoid alkaloids present in larkspur (Delphinium) species associated with cattle poisoning on grazing land in the western United States have been toxicologically assessed in a mouse bioassay. Toxicity data for these alkaloids have established the tertiary nitrogen atom and anthranilic acid esterification as important structural features necessary to impart toxicity to lycoctonine-type norditerpenoid alkaloids. Variation in C-14 functionality of the toxic alkaloids is also a factor that influences toxicity in these compounds. The relationship of the structure-activity information of this study to previous in vitro neuromuscular studies is discussed. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, K E AU - Pelletier, S W AD - Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Cholinergic Antagonists KW - Diterpenes KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Diterpenes -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Diterpenes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77502458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+relationships+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+occurring+in+toxic+larkspur+%28Delphinium%29+species.&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BPelletier%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a radioimmunoassay (Charm II) test with high-performance liquid chromatography for detection of oxytetracycline residues in milk samples from lactating cattle. AN - 77479061; 7653890 AB - A radioimmunoassay test for tetracyclines (Charm II) was compared with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in milk samples from individual lactating cows. Oxytetracycline was administered by 1 of 3 routes (IV, IM, or intrauterine) to 21 lactating dairy cows. A total of 292 duplicate milk samples were collected from milkings before and through 156 hours after OTC administration. Concentration of OTC in these samples was determined by use of the Charm II test and an HPLC method with a lower limit of quantitation, approximately 2 ng of OTC/ml. Samples were also classified with respect to presence of OTC residues relative to the FDA safe concentration (< or = 30 ng/ml), using the Charm II (by control point determination) and HPLC methods. There was a significant (P < or = 0.05) difference between test methods in classification of milk samples with respect to presence or absence of OTC at the FDA safe concentration. A total of 48 of the 292 test results (16.4%) did not agree. Using the HPLC test results as the standard with which Charm II test results were compared, 47 false presumptive-violative test results and 1 false presumptive-nonviolative Charm II test result (a sample containing 31 ng of OTC/ml, as evaluated by HPLC) were obtained. The samples with false presumptive-violative Charm II results contained < 30 ng of OTC/ml, as evaluated by HPLC. In some respects, the Charm II test performed appropriately as a screening test to detect OTC residues in milk samples from individual cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Moats, W A AU - Anderson, K L AU - Rushing, J E AU - Wesen, D P AD - Meat Science Research Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 795 EP - 800 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Oxytetracycline KW - X20I9EN955 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Uterus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Injections, Intramuscular KW - Radioimmunoassay -- methods KW - Cross Reactions KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Lactation KW - False Negative Reactions KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Injections KW - Female KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Oxytetracycline -- metabolism KW - Oxytetracycline -- administration & dosage KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Oxytetracycline -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77479061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+radioimmunoassay+%28Charm+II%29+test+with+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+for+detection+of+oxytetracycline+residues+in+milk+samples+from+lactating+cattle.&rft.au=Moats%2C+W+A%3BAnderson%2C+K+L%3BRushing%2C+J+E%3BWesen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Moats&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative mapping of aflatoxin pathway gene clusters in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. AN - 77352811; 7793957 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins are synthesized by condensation of acetate units; their synthesis is estimated to involve at least 16 different enzymes. In this study we have shown that at least nine genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are located within a 60-kb DNA fragment. Four of these genes, nor-1, aflR, ver-1, and omtA (previously named omt-1), have been cloned in A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In addition, five other genes, pksA, uvm8, aad, ord-1, and ord-2 have been recently cloned in A. parasiticus. The pksA, aad, and uvm8 genes exhibit sequence homologies to polyketide synthase, aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthase genes, respectively. The cDNA sequences of ord-1 and ord-2 genes, which may be involved in later steps of aflatoxin biosynthesis, have been determined; the ord-1 gene product exhibits homology to cytochrome P-450-type enzymes. By characterizing the overlapping regions of the DNA inserts in different cosmid and lambda DNA clones, we have determined the order of these aflatoxin pathway genes within this 60-kb DNA region to be pksA, nor-1, uvm8, aflR, aad, ver-1, ord-1, ord-2, and omtA in A. parasiticus and nor-1, aflR, ver-1, ord-1, ord-2, and omtA in A. flavus. The order is related to the order in enzymatic steps required for aflatoxin biosynthesis. The physical distances (in kilobase pairs) and the directions of transcription of these genes have been determined for both aflatoxigenic species. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P K AU - Cary, J W AU - Wright, M AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Payne, G A AU - Linz, J E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 2365 EP - 2371 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aad KW - aflR KW - nor-1 KW - omtA KW - ord-2 KW - ord-i KW - pksA KW - uvm8 KW - ver-1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Multigene Family KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77352811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+mapping+of+aflatoxin+pathway+gene+clusters+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BWright%2C+M%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BPayne%2C+G+A%3BLinz%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - aad; aflR; nor-1; omtA; ord-2; ord-i; pksA; uvm8; ver-1 N1 - Genetic sequence - L40839; GENBANK; L40840 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Prep Biochem. 1991;21(2-3):125-40 [1798691] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:461-95 [1444264] Hepatology. 1992 Dec;16(6):1362-6 [1332921] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Feb;59(2):479-84 [8434913] Carcinogenesis. 1993 Feb;14(2):169-73 [8382111] Phytopathology. 1966 Dec;56(12):1390-3 [5980345] Mycologia. 1978 Jul-Aug;70(4):766-73 [723913] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jan;55(1):86-90 [2495764] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16222-8 [2777787] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 25;264(36):21665-9 [2600085] Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):8060-6 [2574990] EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):279-87 [2403928] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):75-83 [2515439] EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):741-7 [2107074] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3904-8 [1692626] Biotechnology (N Y). 1990 Jan;8(1):39-41 [1368505] J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 25;265(27):16358-65 [2129535] J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(7):2354-65 [1706706] Nature. 1991 Apr 4;350(6317):427-8 [1849234] Nature. 1991 Apr 4;350(6317):429-31 [1672732] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Dec;56(12):3686-92 [2128007] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 5;266(19):12646-54 [2061333] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Mol Microbiol. 1991 May;5(5):1125-33 [1956290] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1642-6 [8517755] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1993;47:31-55 [8257101] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 May;60(5):1444-50 [8017929] Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein-deficient pigs cannot maintain reduced glutathione homeostasis when subjected to the stress of inflammation. AN - 77341313; 7782899 AB - The mechanisms responsible for depletion of systemic glutathione levels in nutritional deprivation and/or in infective and inflammatory conditions have not been fully established. We quantified the effects of protein undernutrition and experimental inflammation on the concentration and synthesis of reduced glutathione in the erythrocytes, liver and jejunal mucosa of young pigs. Two groups of five piglets consumed diets containing either 23 or 3% protein and, after 4 wk, were infused intravenously with [13C2]glycine before and 48 h after subcutaneous injections of turpentine. Erythrocyte, hepatic and intestinal mucosal reduced glutathione was quantified as the monobromobimane derivative by HPLC. Reduced glutathione synthesis was determined by measurements of the tracer/tracee ratio of reduced glutathione-bound glycine. In well-nourished piglets, turpentine injection had no effect on erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentrations or rate of synthesis. Protein undernutrition was associated with lower erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentrations (1.05 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.32 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and synthesis (42 +/- 5 vs. 60 +/- 5%/d), and turpentine inflammation caused a further fall in erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration to 0.96 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, despite a significant (P < 0.05) increase in reduced glutathione synthesis. The combination of protein undernutrition and inflammation had a marked effect on mucosal reduced glutathione concentration (37 +/- 3% of control) and synthesis (65 +/- 5% of control). Hepatic reduced glutathione concentration and synthesis did not differ in the two groups. We conclude that the biosynthetic supply of reduced glutathione is sufficient to withstand an inflammatory challenge in well-nourished piglets but not in protein-deficient animals. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Jahoor, F AU - Wykes, L J AU - Reeds, P J AU - Henry, J F AU - del Rosario, M P AU - Frazer, M E AD - USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1462 EP - 1472 VL - 125 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Turpentine KW - 8006-64-2 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Erythrocyte Count KW - Glycine -- metabolism KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Erythrocytes -- chemistry KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Turpentine -- toxicity KW - Hematocrit KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Glutathione -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stress, Physiological -- etiology KW - Protein Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Stress, Physiological -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Homeostasis -- physiology KW - Inflammation -- complications KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77341313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Protein-deficient+pigs+cannot+maintain+reduced+glutathione+homeostasis+when+subjected+to+the+stress+of+inflammation.&rft.au=Jahoor%2C+F%3BWykes%2C+L+J%3BReeds%2C+P+J%3BHenry%2C+J+F%3Bdel+Rosario%2C+M+P%3BFrazer%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Jahoor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring herbicide leaching in sustainable vegetable culture using tension lysimeters AN - 52785859; 1996-080172 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Byers, M E AU - Tyess, D AU - Antonious, G F AU - Hilborn, D AU - Jarret, L Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 848 EP - 854 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York, NY VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - United States KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - nonpoint sources KW - clomazone KW - Franklin County Kentucky KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - Kentucky KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - lysimeters KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52785859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+herbicide+leaching+in+sustainable+vegetable+culture+using+tension+lysimeters&rft.au=Byers%2C+M+E%3BTyess%2C+D%3BAntonious%2C+G+F%3BHilborn%2C+D%3BJarret%2C+L&rft.aulast=Byers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101156 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; clomazone; Franklin County Kentucky; herbicides; infiltration; Kentucky; land use; leaching; lysimeters; monitoring; nonpoint sources; optimization; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; soil treatment; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil and vegetation development on abandoned iron furnace slag piles in Connecticut AN - 52376053; 2000-024824 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Smith, Francie C AU - Lee, Brian D AU - Szura, Michael AU - Johnson, Arthur H A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 838 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - forests KW - mines KW - slag KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - iron ores KW - vegetation KW - weathering KW - Connecticut KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - metal ores KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52376053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Soil+and+vegetation+development+on+abandoned+iron+furnace+slag+piles+in+Connecticut&rft.au=Smith%2C+Francie+C%3BLee%2C+Brian+D%3BSzura%2C+Michael%3BJohnson%2C+Arthur+H&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Francie&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; Connecticut; forests; iron ores; metal ores; mines; nutrients; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; slag; soils; United States; vegetation; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High altitude tailing reclamation AN - 52376022; 2000-024818 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Brown, Larry F AU - Trlica, M J AU - Jones, Jay A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 560 EP - 576 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mines KW - revegetation KW - pollutants KW - altitude KW - reclamation KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - pollution KW - Urad Mine KW - cost KW - case studies KW - physical properties KW - Canada KW - chemical properties KW - waste disposal KW - erodibility KW - Colorado KW - tailings KW - geochemistry KW - species diversity KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52376022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=High+altitude+tailing+reclamation&rft.au=Brown%2C+Larry+F%3BTrlica%2C+M+J%3BJones%2C+Jay&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altitude; Canada; case studies; chemical properties; Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; cost; erodibility; geochemistry; heavy metals; mines; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; revegetation; soils; species diversity; tailings; United States; Urad Mine; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing high soil selenium with phytoremediation AN - 52375990; 2000-024812 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Terry, N AU - Zayed, A M AU - Wu, L A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 394 EP - 405 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - pollution KW - vegetation KW - bioremediation KW - ions KW - remediation KW - volatilization KW - absorption KW - Western U.S. KW - phytoremediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Managing+high+soil+selenium+with+phytoremediation&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BTerry%2C+N%3BZayed%2C+A+M%3BWu%2C+L&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; agriculture; bioremediation; concentration; experimental studies; ions; phytoremediation; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; remediation; selenium; soils; United States; vegetation; volatilization; water management; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of metal removal and toxicity reduction in a low sulfate mine drainage by constructed wetlands AN - 52375952; 2000-024805 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Farmer, Garry H AU - Updegraff, David M AU - Lazorchak, James M AU - Bates, Edward R A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 78 EP - 89 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - mines KW - concentration KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - constructed wetlands KW - toxicity KW - wetlands KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - Burleigh Tunnel KW - reduction KW - Silver Plume Colorado KW - Colorado KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+metal+removal+and+toxicity+reduction+in+a+low+sulfate+mine+drainage+by+constructed+wetlands&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Garry+H%3BUpdegraff%2C+David+M%3BLazorchak%2C+James+M%3BBates%2C+Edward+R&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; bacteria; bioremediation; Burleigh Tunnel; chemical composition; Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; concentration; constructed wetlands; geochemistry; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; reduction; remediation; Silver Plume Colorado; sulfate ion; toxicity; United States; wetlands; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of redox potential on the speciation of selenium in ground water and coal-mine backfill materials, Wyoming AN - 52375919; 2000-024800 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Blaylock, Michael J AU - Vance, George F AU - See, Randolph B A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 230 EP - 236 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - mines KW - concentration KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - coal mines KW - pollution KW - ions KW - cores KW - ground water KW - Wyoming KW - toxicity KW - sampling KW - Powder River basin KW - Eh KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+redox+potential+on+the+speciation+of+selenium+in+ground+water+and+coal-mine+backfill+materials%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Katta+J%3BBlaylock%2C+Michael+J%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BSee%2C+Randolph+B&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Katta&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical fractionation; coal mines; concentration; cores; Eh; ground water; ions; mines; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; sampling; selenium; solute transport; toxicity; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical characterization of mine drainage sources in the Chalk Creek District, Colorado AN - 52374858; 2000-024815 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Lanphear, Mary E AU - Klusman, Ronald W AU - Cohen, Ronald R H A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 528 EP - 538 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - characterization KW - manganese KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - Chalk Creek mining district KW - Mary Murphy Mine KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - North America KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - Chaffee County Colorado KW - MINTEQAK KW - Golf tunnel KW - pollution KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - Sawatch Range KW - weathering KW - mine drainage KW - models KW - NETPATH KW - metals KW - Iron Chest Mine KW - Colorado KW - Rocky Mountains KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Geochemical+characterization+of+mine+drainage+sources+in+the+Chalk+Creek+District%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Lanphear%2C+Mary+E%3BKlusman%2C+Ronald+W%3BCohen%2C+Ronald+R+H&rft.aulast=Lanphear&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chaffee County Colorado; Chalk Creek mining district; characterization; Colorado; geochemistry; Golf tunnel; ground water; Iron Chest Mine; manganese; Mary Murphy Mine; metals; mine drainage; mines; MINTEQAK; models; NETPATH; North America; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Rocky Mountains; Sawatch Range; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; weathering; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The utility of fluvial processes for the assessment of reconstructed channel stability AN - 52374826; 2000-024804 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Packee, Edmond C, Jr AU - Nelson, Michael G A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 72 EP - 77 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - mining KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - stability KW - suspended materials KW - ecosystems KW - environmental analysis KW - gravel-bed streams KW - East-Central Alaska KW - drainage basins KW - discharge KW - abandoned mines KW - bedload KW - mines KW - Fairbanks Alaska KW - Birch Creek basin KW - sediment transport KW - human activity KW - landform evolution KW - channels KW - rates KW - channel geometry KW - streams KW - Alaska KW - fluvial environment KW - design KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=The+utility+of+fluvial+processes+for+the+assessment+of+reconstructed+channel+stability&rft.au=Packee%2C+Edmond+C%2C+Jr%3BNelson%2C+Michael+G&rft.aulast=Packee&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; Alaska; bedload; Birch Creek basin; channel geometry; channels; design; discharge; drainage basins; East-Central Alaska; ecosystems; environmental analysis; erosion; Fairbanks Alaska; fluvial environment; gravel-bed streams; human activity; landform evolution; mines; mining; rates; reclamation; sediment transport; stability; stream transport; streams; suspended materials; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical processes and the role of natural organic solutes on the solubility of selenium in coal mine backfill aquifers, Powder River Basin, Wyoming AN - 52374798; 2000-024801 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - See, Randolph B AU - Vance, George F AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Fadlelmawla, Amr A A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 866 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - mines KW - sorption KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - coal mines KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - solution KW - ground water KW - Wyoming KW - organic compounds KW - geochemistry KW - Powder River basin KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Geochemical+processes+and+the+role+of+natural+organic+solutes+on+the+solubility+of+selenium+in+coal+mine+backfill+aquifers%2C+Powder+River+Basin%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=See%2C+Randolph+B%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BReddy%2C+Katta+J%3BFadlelmawla%2C+Amr+A&rft.aulast=See&rft.aufirst=Randolph&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; geochemistry; ground water; mines; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; selenium; solubility; solute transport; solutes; solution; sorption; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AN - 52374761; 2000-024799 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 867 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - mining KW - symposia KW - mining geology KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - applications KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=12th+annual+national+meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers or abstracts within scope are cited separately. 2 volumes N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; environmental analysis; mining; mining geology; pollution; reclamation; remediation; symposia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relating sulfate generation to a model of physical flow through waste rock piles; attempts and consequences AN - 52374565; 2000-024816 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Wildeman, Thomas R AU - Kelsey, Paula D AU - Lapakko, Kim A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 539 EP - 546 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - soils KW - HELP KW - concentration KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - moisture KW - physicochemical properties KW - oxidation KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - models KW - genesis KW - precipitation KW - waste disposal KW - geochemistry KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Relating+sulfate+generation+to+a+model+of+physical+flow+through+waste+rock+piles%3B+attempts+and+consequences&rft.au=Wildeman%2C+Thomas+R%3BKelsey%2C+Paula+D%3BLapakko%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Wildeman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; concentration; genesis; geochemistry; HELP; models; moisture; oxidation; permeability; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; prediction; soils; sulfate ion; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenite and selenate determination in surface coal mine backfill ground water AN - 52374540; 2000-024806 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Zhang, Zhonghua AU - Vance, George F A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 237 EP - 245 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - backfill KW - mines KW - concentration KW - selenates KW - selenites KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - coal seams KW - ions KW - atomic absorption spectra KW - ground water KW - Wyoming KW - toxicity KW - chromatograms KW - spectra KW - mobility KW - geochemistry KW - Powder River basin KW - pH KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52374540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Selenite+and+selenate+determination+in+surface+coal+mine+backfill+ground+water&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Katta+J%3BZhang%2C+Zhonghua%3BVance%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Katta&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atomic absorption spectra; backfill; chemical fractionation; chromatograms; coal seams; concentration; geochemistry; ground water; ions; mines; mobility; pH; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; selenates; selenites; solute transport; spectra; toxicity; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemistry and behavior of arsenic and chromium in a wet substrate, anaerobic bioreactor dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria AN - 52373986; 2000-024820 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Ozawa, Toshisuke AU - Cohen, Ronald R H AU - Klusman, Ronald W A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 587 EP - 602 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - methods KW - waste water KW - data processing KW - remediation KW - reduction KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - Eh KW - chromium KW - soils KW - passive mine drainage system method KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - acid mine drainage KW - sulfates KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - MINTEQAK KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - rates KW - bioremediation KW - models KW - computer programs KW - metals KW - bacteria KW - anaerobic environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Biogeochemistry+and+behavior+of+arsenic+and+chromium+in+a+wet+substrate%2C+anaerobic+bioreactor+dominated+by+sulfate-reducing+bacteria&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+Toshisuke%3BCohen%2C+Ronald+R+H%3BKlusman%2C+Ronald+W&rft.aulast=Ozawa&rft.aufirst=Toshisuke&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; anaerobic environment; arsenic; bacteria; biochemistry; bioremediation; chromium; computer programs; concentration; data processing; Eh; experimental studies; geochemistry; metals; methods; mines; MINTEQAK; models; passive mine drainage system method; pH; pollutants; pollution; rates; reduction; remediation; soils; sulfates; waste water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic characterization of wetlands in surface coal minelands of North Dakota AN - 52373973; 2000-024825 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Sharma, Padam P AU - Butler, Raymond D A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 839 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Coteau Prairie Wetlands KW - mines KW - reclamation KW - characterization KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - North Dakota KW - constructed wetlands KW - recharge KW - sedimentary rocks KW - wetlands KW - coal KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+characterization+of+wetlands+in+surface+coal+minelands+of+North+Dakota&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Padam+P%3BButler%2C+Raymond+D&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Padam&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; aquifers; characterization; coal; constructed wetlands; Coteau Prairie Wetlands; ground water; hydrology; mines; North Dakota; recharge; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; United States; vegetation; water balance; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of permafrost on the geochemistry and hydrology of a metal-sulfide tailing impoundment 20 years later AN - 52373938; 2000-024817 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Steffens, Steven D AU - Lewis-Russ, Anne AU - Jones, Jay AU - Rech, William A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 547 EP - 559 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - subalpine environment KW - terrestrial environment KW - permafrost KW - molybdenum ores KW - Urad Mine KW - ground water KW - perched aquifers KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - mines KW - textures KW - pollutants KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - metal ores KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - tailings KW - sulfides KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+permafrost+on+the+geochemistry+and+hydrology+of+a+metal-sulfide+tailing+impoundment+20+years+later&rft.au=Steffens%2C+Steven+D%3BLewis-Russ%2C+Anne%3BJones%2C+Jay%3BRech%2C+William&rft.aulast=Steffens&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; hydrology; metal ores; mines; molybdenum ores; perched aquifers; permafrost; permeability; pollutants; pollution; pore water; soils; subalpine environment; sulfides; tailings; terrestrial environment; textures; United States; Urad Mine; waste disposal; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release, retention and amino acid interaction of selenomethionine in reclaimed coal mine environment AN - 52373931; 2000-024810 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Sharmasarkar, Shankar AU - Vance, George F A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 290 EP - 299 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - silicates KW - selenomethionine KW - degradation KW - reclamation KW - complexing KW - coal seams KW - vegetation KW - laboratory studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - time factor KW - coal KW - amino acids KW - pH KW - soils KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - sheet silicates KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Release%2C+retention+and+amino+acid+interaction+of+selenomethionine+in+reclaimed+coal+mine+environment&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+Shankar%3BVance%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; amino acids; clay minerals; coal; coal seams; complexing; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; laboratory studies; mines; organic acids; organic compounds; pH; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; selenomethionine; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; time factor; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding selenium mobility by sorption and extraction processes in surface coal mine spoil AN - 52373526; 2000-024809 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Sharmasarkar, Shankar AU - Vance, George F AU - Reddy, Katta J AU - Zhang, Renduo AU - Spackman, Lowell K A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 284 EP - 289 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - sorption KW - selenium KW - selenates KW - coal seams KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sedimentary rocks KW - toxicity KW - coal KW - mobility KW - soils KW - mines KW - sulfates KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - selenite KW - aquifers KW - Wyoming KW - spoils KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Understanding+selenium+mobility+by+sorption+and+extraction+processes+in+surface+coal+mine+spoil&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+Shankar%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BReddy%2C+Katta+J%3BZhang%2C+Renduo%3BSpackman%2C+Lowell+K&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; coal; coal seams; ground water; leaching; mines; mobility; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sedimentary rocks; selenates; selenite; selenium; soils; solute transport; sorption; spoils; sulfates; surface water; toxicity; United States; water quality; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors controlling distribution of selenium by geomorphic and pedologic processes in a semi-arid environment, Laramie Basin Wyoming AN - 52373499; 2000-024808 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Munn, Larry C A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 270 EP - 283 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - electrical conductivity KW - terrestrial environment KW - selenium KW - slopes KW - semi-arid environment KW - vegetation KW - ground water KW - Cenozoic KW - Laramie Basin KW - movement KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - weathering KW - pedons KW - depth KW - Wyoming KW - water table KW - Tertiary KW - organic compounds KW - parent materials KW - geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Factors+controlling+distribution+of+selenium+by+geomorphic+and+pedologic+processes+in+a+semi-arid+environment%2C+Laramie+Basin+Wyoming&rft.au=Munn%2C+Larry+C&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; Cenozoic; depth; electrical conductivity; geochemistry; geomorphology; ground water; Laramie Basin; movement; organic compounds; parent materials; pedons; pH; pollutants; pollution; selenium; semi-arid environment; slopes; soils; solute transport; terrestrial environment; Tertiary; United States; vegetation; water table; weathering; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subaqueous closure of tailings, an analogue case history AN - 52373447; 2000-024814 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Lupo, John F AU - Lewis-Russ, Anne AU - Popielak, Roman S A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 519 EP - 527 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - subaqueous waste disposal KW - Missoula County Montana KW - ground water KW - sediments KW - reduction KW - mobility KW - geochemistry KW - Eh KW - mines KW - reservoirs KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - Montana KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - dilution KW - metals KW - waste disposal KW - tailings KW - Milltown Reservoir KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Subaqueous+closure+of+tailings%2C+an+analogue+case+history&rft.au=Lupo%2C+John+F%3BLewis-Russ%2C+Anne%3BPopielak%2C+Roman+S&rft.aulast=Lupo&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; arsenic; case studies; dilution; Eh; geochemistry; ground water; metals; Milltown Reservoir; mines; Missoula County Montana; mobility; Montana; organic compounds; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; reduction; reservoirs; sediments; subaqueous waste disposal; tailings; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal release characteristics of tailings in a marine environment; a laboratory study AN - 52373398; 2000-024813 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Drake, Pamela L AU - Lambeth, Robert H AU - Paulson, Anthony J A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 505 EP - 518 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - sea water KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - solution KW - hydrochemistry KW - laboratory studies KW - marine sediments KW - deposition KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - bacteria KW - sediments KW - trace metals KW - waste disposal KW - tailings KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Metal+release+characteristics+of+tailings+in+a+marine+environment%3B+a+laboratory+study&rft.au=Drake%2C+Pamela+L%3BLambeth%2C+Robert+H%3BPaulson%2C+Anthony+J&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; adsorption; bacteria; concentration; deposition; experimental studies; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; laboratory studies; marine environment; marine sediments; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; sea water; sediments; solution; tailings; trace metals; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral reactions in a Colorado mine dump; implications for remediation in arid and semi-arid environments AN - 52373324; 2000-024819 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Whitney, Gene AU - Esposito, Kenneth J AU - Sweeney, Kara N A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 577 EP - 586 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - alteration KW - terrestrial environment KW - Gilpin County Colorado KW - semi-arid environment KW - remediation KW - Topeka Mine KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - climate KW - abandoned mines KW - soils KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - arid environment KW - oxidation KW - Central City Colorado KW - pollution KW - metals KW - infiltration KW - streams KW - Clear Creek basin KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - Colorado KW - SEM data KW - minerals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Mineral+reactions+in+a+Colorado+mine+dump%3B+implications+for+remediation+in+arid+and+semi-arid+environments&rft.au=Whitney%2C+Gene%3BEsposito%2C+Kenneth+J%3BSweeney%2C+Kara+N&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; alteration; arid environment; Central City Colorado; Clear Creek basin; climate; Colorado; geochemistry; Gilpin County Colorado; infiltration; leaching; metals; minerals; mines; oxidation; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; SEM data; semi-arid environment; soils; streams; terrestrial environment; Topeka Mine; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil selenium, laboratory comparisons and soil/backfill variability AN - 52372670; 2000-024807 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Pasch, Roger N AU - Vance, George F A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 258 EP - 269 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - backfill KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - selenium KW - pollutants KW - interlaboratory comparison KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - coal seams KW - vegetation KW - atomic absorption spectra KW - Wyoming KW - laboratory studies KW - quality control KW - spectra KW - regression analysis KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Soil+selenium%2C+laboratory+comparisons+and+soil%2Fbackfill+variability&rft.au=Pasch%2C+Roger+N%3BVance%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Pasch&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; atomic absorption spectra; backfill; coal seams; concentration; experimental studies; interlaboratory comparison; laboratory studies; mines; pollutants; pollution; quality control; regression analysis; selenium; soils; spectra; statistical analysis; United States; vegetation; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical detection of abandoned mine tunnels AN - 52372637; 2000-024828 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Weedman, Allen AU - Humphreys, Chris AU - Ganchin, Yuri AU - Smithson, Scott B A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 856 EP - 857 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - mines KW - high-resolution methods KW - geophysical surveys KW - Rock Springs Wyoming KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - environmental analysis KW - seismic methods KW - Wyoming KW - tunnels KW - Sweetwater County Wyoming KW - surveys KW - geophysical profiles KW - faults KW - abandoned mines KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Geophysical+detection+of+abandoned+mine+tunnels&rft.au=Weedman%2C+Allen%3BHumphreys%2C+Chris%3BGanchin%2C+Yuri%3BSmithson%2C+Scott+B&rft.aulast=Weedman&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; environmental analysis; faults; geophysical methods; geophysical profiles; geophysical surveys; ground-penetrating radar; high-resolution methods; mines; radar methods; Rock Springs Wyoming; seismic methods; surveys; Sweetwater County Wyoming; tunnels; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updating the cumulative hydrologic impact assessment; groundwater AN - 52372605; 2000-024826 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Peacock, Kenneth T AU - Kern, John W A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 846 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - reclamation KW - data processing KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - coal seams KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - data management KW - sedimentary rocks KW - geographic information systems KW - coal KW - data bases KW - Powder River basin KW - hydrology KW - mines KW - methane KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - geostatistics KW - alkanes KW - information management KW - models KW - Wyoming KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Updating+the+cumulative+hydrologic+impact+assessment%3B+groundwater&rft.au=Peacock%2C+Kenneth+T%3BKern%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=846&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; coal; coal seams; data bases; data management; data processing; environmental analysis; geographic information systems; geostatistics; ground water; hydrocarbons; hydrology; information management; information systems; methane; mines; models; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; simulation; statistical analysis; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of copper, zinc, and nickel in mine drainage treated with anoxic limestone drains AN - 52372583; 2000-024822 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Watzlaf, George R A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 831 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - methods KW - limestone KW - zinc KW - mines KW - concentration KW - acid mine drainage KW - copper KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - mine drainage KW - sedimentary rocks KW - metals KW - coal KW - nickel KW - passive treatment methods KW - anaerobic environment KW - carbonate rocks KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Fate+of+copper%2C+zinc%2C+and+nickel+in+mine+drainage+treated+with+anoxic+limestone+drains&rft.au=Watzlaf%2C+George+R&rft.aulast=Watzlaf&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; anaerobic environment; carbonate rocks; coal; concentration; copper; limestone; metals; methods; mine drainage; mines; nickel; passive treatment methods; pH; pollutants; pollution; sedimentary rocks; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regression analysis to predict selenium levels at two surface coal mines in the Powder River basin, Wyoming AN - 52372558; 2000-024811 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Schladweiler, Brenda AU - Vance, George F AU - Legg, David E AU - Bilen, Canan A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 300 EP - 308 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mining KW - mines KW - concentration KW - selenium KW - surface mining KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - coal seams KW - vegetation KW - depth KW - Wyoming KW - sedimentary rocks KW - coal KW - regression analysis KW - Powder River basin KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Regression+analysis+to+predict+selenium+levels+at+two+surface+coal+mines+in+the+Powder+River+basin%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Schladweiler%2C+Brenda%3BVance%2C+George+F%3BLegg%2C+David+E%3BBilen%2C+Canan&rft.aulast=Schladweiler&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; coal; coal seams; concentration; depth; mines; mining; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; prediction; regression analysis; sedimentary rocks; selenium; soils; statistical analysis; surface mining; United States; vegetation; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of abandoned mine sites using constructed wetlands; a Colorado perspective AN - 52372528; 2000-024803 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Ganse, Margaret A AU - Herron, James T A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 60 EP - 71 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - passive methods KW - methods KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - altitude KW - coal seams KW - remediation KW - constructed wetlands KW - sedimentary rocks KW - reduction KW - pH KW - climate KW - abandoned mines KW - soils KW - mines KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - case studies KW - wetlands KW - metal ores KW - anaerobic environment KW - Colorado KW - carbonate rocks KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+abandoned+mine+sites+using+constructed+wetlands%3B+a+Colorado+perspective&rft.au=Ganse%2C+Margaret+A%3BHerron%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Ganse&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; altitude; anaerobic environment; carbonate rocks; case studies; climate; coal seams; Colorado; constructed wetlands; limestone; metal ores; methods; mines; oxidation; passive methods; pH; pollution; reduction; remediation; sedimentary rocks; soils; sulfate ion; United States; water quality; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of natural organic solutes on the sorption of selenium by coal mine backfill-core samples from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming AN - 52372498; 2000-024802 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Vance, George F AU - Fadlelmawla, Amr A AU - See, Randolph B AU - Reddy, Katta J A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 246 EP - 257 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - sorption KW - selenium KW - Campbell County Wyoming KW - environmental analysis KW - cores KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sampling KW - northeastern Wyoming KW - geochemistry KW - Powder River basin KW - pH KW - mines KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - coal mines KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - aquifers KW - Wyoming KW - organic compounds KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Role+of+natural+organic+solutes+on+the+sorption+of+selenium+by+coal+mine+backfill-core+samples+from+the+Powder+River+Basin%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Vance%2C+George+F%3BFadlelmawla%2C+Amr+A%3BSee%2C+Randolph+B%3BReddy%2C+Katta+J&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Campbell County Wyoming; coal mines; concentration; cores; environmental analysis; geochemistry; ground water; mines; northeastern Wyoming; organic compounds; oxidation; pH; pollutants; pollution; Powder River basin; remediation; sampling; selenium; solute transport; solutes; sorption; United States; water quality; water wells; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective inhibition for bacterial acid generation in an underground coal mine; preliminary results AN - 52371329; 2000-024823 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Brickett, Lynn A AU - Edenborn, Harry M A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 832 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - mining KW - mines KW - acid mine drainage KW - underground mining KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sedimentary rocks KW - coal KW - bacteria KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52371329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Selective+inhibition+for+bacterial+acid+generation+in+an+underground+coal+mine%3B+preliminary+results&rft.au=Brickett%2C+Lynn+A%3BEdenborn%2C+Harry+M&rft.aulast=Brickett&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; bacteria; bioremediation; coal; ground water; mines; mining; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sedimentary rocks; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrological performance of a reconstructed soil profile AN - 52371290; 2000-024821 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Humphries, R N AU - Benyon, P R AU - Leverton, R E A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 829 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - revegetation KW - soil profiles KW - reclamation KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - vegetation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52371290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Hydrological+performance+of+a+reconstructed+soil+profile&rft.au=Humphries%2C+R+N%3BBenyon%2C+P+R%3BLeverton%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; reclamation; revegetation; soil profiles; soils; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative hydrologic impact assessment of the Powder River basin; surface water pilot study AN - 50321766; 2000-024827 JF - Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation AU - Voos, Kenneth A AU - Neff, Steven J A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Vance, George F. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 848 PB - American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, [Princeton, WV] VL - 12 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Little Thunder Creek KW - Weston County Wyoming KW - ArcGIS KW - Jacobs Ranch Mine KW - coal seams KW - Campbell County Wyoming KW - Black Thunder Mine KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - sedimentary rocks KW - geographic information systems KW - coal KW - Powder River basin KW - hydrology KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - models KW - Wyoming KW - North Rochelle Mine KW - runoff KW - information systems KW - water rights KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50321766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Cumulative+hydrologic+impact+assessment+of+the+Powder+River+basin%3B+surface+water+pilot+study&rft.au=Voos%2C+Kenneth+A%3BNeff%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Voos&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+National+Meeting+-+American+Society+for+Surface+Mining+and+Reclamation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03219 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; Black Thunder Mine; Campbell County Wyoming; coal; coal seams; environmental analysis; geographic information systems; ground water; hydrology; information systems; Jacobs Ranch Mine; Little Thunder Creek; models; North Rochelle Mine; pollution; Powder River basin; runoff; sedimentary rocks; surface water; United States; water quality; water rights; Weston County Wyoming; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of production of fumonisin B sub(1) by Fusarium polyphialidicum collected from seeds of Pinus strobus AN - 15969659; 4065343 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) was first identified in 1988 from Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld.; five other species were later reported to produce FB sub(1). Fusarium polyphialidicum Marasas, Nelson, Toussoun, & Van Wyk (1), first described in 1986, has never been reported as a plant pathogen. This Fusarium species was isolated from eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seeds that were extracted from cones for planting in the field (2). All fourteen isolates of F. polyphialidicum examined were found to produce FB sub(1) when grown on rice. Culture filtrates of these isolates exhibited phytotoxicity to 2-week-old jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.); symptoms ranged from mild to severe necrosis and mortality. The levels of FB sub(1) produced varied among isolates, from 5.4 to 498 ppm, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. As levels of FB sub(1) increased, so did symptom severity on jimsonweed. The identity of FB sub(1) was confirmed by thin layer chromatographic and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy methods. This is the first report of mycotoxin production by F. polyphialidicum, expanding the range of Fusarium species known to produce FB sub(1). (DBO) JF - Plant Disease AU - Abbas, H K AU - Ocamb, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - Jun 1995 SP - 642 VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - fumonisin B KW - Fusarium polyphialidicum KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pinus strobus KW - seeds KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15969659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+production+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+by+Fusarium+polyphialidicum+collected+from+seeds+of+Pinus+strobus&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BOcamb%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus strobus; mycotoxins; seeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil characteristics of oak stands along an urban-rural land-use gradient AN - 15956961; 4060144 AB - Urban-rural land-use gradients are environmental gradients determined by human-built structures and human activity. Although gradients of land use are readily measurable, little is known about the effects of urbanization on forest soil properties. In this research, soil properties were quantified in oak stands (Quercus sp.) along an urban-rural transect in the New York City metropolitan area. A suite of 25 soil chemical properties were subjected to a Principal Component Analysis to ordinate stands. The first principal component (PC1) accounted for 42.3% of the variation. Positive loadings of PC1 corresponded to high concentrations of Pb, Cu, Ni, Ca, Mg, and K; high total soluble salt concentrations; high organic matter; high total N; and slightly more soil acidity. Stands located closer to the urban core had positive loadings on PC1; sites located beyond 30 km of the urban core had negative loadings. The variation accounted for by PC1 was significantly explained (P < 0.005) by measures of urban development quantified along the transect, including percent urban cover (r super(2) = 0.735), population density (r super(2) = 0.700), traffic volume (r super(2) = 0.778), and road density (r super(2) = 0.700). Of the heavy metals measured, Cu and Pb showed a 2.5- to fourfold increase in concentration from the rural to the urban land use types, with maximum concentrations for Cu reaching 49.3 mg kg super(-1) and Pb 181.4 mg kg super(-1) in the urban sites, respectively. More transects must be established in this and other metropolitan areas to build a data base to develop predictive models of ecosystem change, given the amount and type of urban development in a landscape. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Pouyat, R V AU - McDonnell, MJ AU - Pickett, STA AD - USDA-Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., c/o Inst. Ecosystem Stud., P.O. Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - Jun 1995 SP - 516 EP - 526 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - urban areas KW - USA, New York, New York KW - rural areas KW - Quercus KW - heavy metals KW - land use KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15956961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Soil+characteristics+of+oak+stands+along+an+urban-rural+land-use+gradient&rft.au=Pouyat%2C+R+V%3BMcDonnell%2C+MJ%3BPickett%2C+STA&rft.aulast=Pouyat&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, New York, New York; soil; forests; land use; heavy metals; rural areas; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental impacts of dryland residue management systems in the Southern High Plains AN - 15936020; 4054777 AB - Increased use of agricultural chemicals with no-tillage (NT) may negatively impact the environment through chemical or nutrient loss in runoff or by leaching below the root zone. We compared environmental impacts of NT and the lower chemical input stubble mulch (SM) management methods for dryland crop production on a clay loam soil in a semiarid environment. We measured runoff volume and sediment, nutrient, and triazine concentrations in runoff for 9 yr from seven field-sized watersheds (2-5 ha each) cropped in a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow sequence with SM or NT management with no N or P fertilizer added. We analyzed soil cores to a 6-m depth for NO sub(3) super(-)-N and to a 3-m depth for atrazine and propazine content. Adoption of NT management reduced sediment loss by 54% compared with SM, although annual runoff was 15 mm yr super(-1) greater from NT. Nutrient concentrations and losses (NO sub(3) super(-)-N, NH sub(4) super(+)-N, TN, soluble P, biologically available P, TP) in runoff were extremely small from both tillage systems (losses <3 kg N and <1 kg P ha super(-1) yr super(-1)) on these unfertilized watersheds. Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] did not accumulate in the soil or leach below the root zone. Maximal losses of atrazine and propazine in runoff were 0.26 and 1.5% of total application, respectively. Propazine [6-chloro-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], applied to both NT and SM sorghum when runoff is probable, appears to have a greater potential for negatively impacting the environment under semiarid conditions than does atrazine, which is applied when runoff probability is small. Propazine accumulated in the soil profile but was undetected below 0.6 m. Perhaps the most detrimental impact of adopting NT management was increased leaching of NO sub(3) super(-)-N to depths below the plant root zone as a result of wetter soil and improved water conservation with NT in the semiarid environment. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Jones, O R AU - Smith, S J AU - Southwick, L M AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - Jun 1995 SP - 453 EP - 460 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - pesticide residues KW - environmental impact KW - arid environments KW - soil contamination KW - agricultural runoff KW - agrochemicals KW - leaching KW - land use KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15936020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Environmental+impacts+of+dryland+residue+management+systems+in+the+Southern+High+Plains&rft.au=Jones%2C+O+R%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M%3BSharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental impact; agrochemicals; agricultural runoff; leaching; soil contamination; arid environments; pesticide residues; land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The evolution of international policies and mechanisms to advance sustainable forest management and mitigate global climate change AN - 15900974; 4038982 AB - Scientific findings regarding global climate change and deforestation led industrialized nations to bring both issues to the forefront of an international dialogue on the environment. International institutional attention to deforestation began in 1985 with the Tropical Forestry Action Program which helped countries develop plans for sustainable forest management. A few years later, the International Tropical Timber Organization, though designed to facilitate tropical timber trade, adopted guidelines for sustainable management of tropical production forests. Next, the activities before and after UNCED established a general set of forest principles and regional efforts to define sustainable forest management. The World Bank has also sought to reduce past lending failures that led to deforestation and other environmental degradation, through programmatic redirections and macro-economic policy reforms. Finally, through innovative financial incentives, industrialized and developing countries are identifying opportunities to offset debts and increase economic development without depleting forest resources. Collectively, these efforts have let to some trends that support sustainable forest management and mitigate climate change. The upcoming years will see a proactive set of multilateral programs to address deforestation, an increasing link between trade and the environment, and more uses of financial incentives to encourage sustainable forest management. JF - World Resource Review AU - Bologna, J AU - Lyke, J AU - Theophile, K AD - Intl. Forest. Policy and Planning, USDA Forest Serv., PO Box 96538, Washington, DC 20090-6538, USA Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - Jun 1995 SP - 169 EP - 189 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - trade KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - international law KW - sustainable development KW - deforestation KW - environmental degradation KW - climatic changes KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+international+policies+and+mechanisms+to+advance+sustainable+forest+management+and+mitigate+global+climate+change&rft.au=Bologna%2C+J%3BLyke%2C+J%3BTheophile%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bologna&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - international law; sustainable development; climatic changes; deforestation; environmental degradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interdependency of fire and global change: The southern U.S. as an example AN - 15897915; 4039475 AB - In the U.S. South, increasing population, air pollution, urbanization of forest lands, and possible changes in climate can influence broad changes in forests and the atmosphere. As a result emissions from biomass burning in forests assume greater significance. For 350 years, people in the U.S. South have practices woods burning. This was once considered a bad practice, but it is now recognized that this can assist in site preparation, release of longleaf pine seedlings, and improving production of plantations. One of the concerns with burning, both controlled and wildfire, is the release of undesirable chemicals to the atmosphere. Encroachment of wildfires on inhabited areas can threaten human life and property. And important to global warming, wildfires and controlled burning release CO sub(2) and add to increase in CO sub(2) concentration. Climate warming as a result of global change can cause drier forests and an increase in severity and extent of wildfires. Climate-driven changes in the structure and composition of plant communities will alter the chemical and physical properties of fuels, thereby altering susceptibility to fires. JF - World Resource Review AU - Zerbe, JI AD - Southern Global Change Prog., FS USDA, Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - Jun 1995 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - USA, Southern KW - wildfire KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fires KW - urbanization KW - carbon dioxide KW - air pollution KW - climatic changes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15897915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Interdependency+of+fire+and+global+change%3A+The+southern+U.S.+as+an+example&rft.au=Zerbe%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Zerbe&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fires; urbanization; climatic changes; air pollution; carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison between soil and biomass carbon in adjacent hardwood and red pine forests AN - 15897176; 4039476 AB - The distribution of carbon in soil and biomass was studied across Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA, in 40 pole-sized red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations paired with adjacent hardwood stands. Pine and hardwood stands shared a common boundary and soil. Hardwood stands were mixed species, naturally regenerated second growth following logging. Carbon in total standing crop averaged the same in both hardwood (AVE=96 Mg/ha, SD=24) and red pine (AVE=97 Mg/ha, SD=20.44) forest types, although the hardwoods averaged 14 years older than red pine. Coarse woody debris, shrubs, and herbs contained little carbon. Only the forest floor carbon pool was significantly different between forest types. Forest floor had a greater mass beneath red pine (AVE=23 Mg/ha) than hardwoods (AVE=17 Mg/ha). There was no difference in total ecosystem carbon between red pine and hardwood stands 211 Mg/ha, SD=48; and 206 Mg /ha, SD=41, respectively. Total mineral soil aggregated across the depth profile contained the same total amount of carbon in both pine and hardwood stands; however, the carbon was found in different vertical patterns. Amounts of carbon in the upper levels of soil (0-4 cm) were higher under hardwoods, and amounts were higher under red pine at the 8-16 cm and 16-32 cm soil depths. Where July air temperatures were relatively cool, red pine stored carbon more efficiently both in the forest floor and deep in the soil. Red pine also sequestered more carbon in mineral soil with increasing April-September precipitation. In warmer, drier climates, hardwood stands stored more soil carbon. Regression modeling showed that July average air temperature was the only climate model variable to predict total ecosystem carbon, which declined by 21.5 Mg/ha/ degree C. Thus, restoration of pine to historically pine forested areas rather than conversion to second growth hardwood stands, may increase stored carbon in the soil and vegetation of these ecosystems, provided that the climate remains relatively cool and moist. Similarly, conversion of historically hardwood forest back to hardwood vegetation from red pine may slightly increase carbon stored in the soil in relatively warm and dry climates. JF - World Resource Review AU - Perala, DA AU - Rollinger, J L AU - Wilson, D M AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - Jun 1995 SP - 231 EP - 243 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - biomass KW - carbon KW - Pinus resinosa KW - seasonal variations KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15897176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Comparison+between+soil+and+biomass+carbon+in+adjacent+hardwood+and+red+pine+forests&rft.au=Perala%2C+DA%3BRollinger%2C+J+L%3BWilson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Perala&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; seasonal variations; forests; soil; carbon; biomass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity of fumonisin B1 to male and female rats. AN - 77496437; 7664945 AB - Fumonisins are a class of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium spp. These compounds are widely distributed in corn. Equine leukoencephalomalacia, pulmonary oedema in swine, and nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and liver cancer in male rats, all of which are caused by toxic F. moniliforme, have been experimentally reproduced using fumisin B1 (FB1) (ca 90-94% purity). To investigate the effect of purified (> or = 99% purity) FB1, to compare the effects of FB1 in males and females, and to obtain dose-response information for FB1, three rats per sex were fed diets containing 0, 15, 50 or 150 FB1 for 4 weeks. Serum chemical, organ weight and histopathological evidence showed that 150 mg/kg FB1 was hepatotoxic in both sexes. Nephrosis was found in males fed > or = 15 mg/kg and females fed > or = 50 mg/kg FB1. Altered sphingolipid profiles, specifically increased free sphinganine concentrations and increased sphinganine:sphinogosine ratios, were found in the liver, kidney, serum and urine of FB1-fed rats. These findings support the hypothesis that in vivo toxicity caused by fumonisins may result from altered sphingolipid metabolism. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Voss, K A AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Riley, R T AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 473 EP - 478 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- poisoning KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Sphingolipids -- urine KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Sphingolipids -- blood KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Sphingolipids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- poisoning KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77496437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+of+fumonisin+B1+to+male+and+female+rats.&rft.au=Voss%2C+K+A%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leucaena toxicosis and its control in ruminants. AN - 77496240; 7665380 AB - Leucaena (Leucaena spp., especially L. leucocephala) is an arboreal, tropical legume that ranges into the cool subtropics and equatorial elevations up to 1,000 m. One of its uses includes forage for livestock, but introduction of leucaena outside its indigenous range often has led to acute and chronic toxicosis. The major toxic constituents of leucaena are the nonprotein free amino acid mimosine and its ruminal degradation product, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4-dihydroxypyridine; 3,4-DHP). Leucaena also contains appreciable quantities of condensed tannins. In ruminants, mimosine is a depilatory agent and 3,4-DHP is a potent goitrogen. In the 1980s, Australian workers demonstrated that the geographical limits of leucaena toxicosis were due to the absence of ruminal bacteria capable of degrading 3,4-DHP, and successfully introduced 3,4-DHP degrading ruminal bacteria from a Hawaiian goat into goats and cattle in Australia. Simple in vitro screening methods have been developed for detection of 3,4-DHP degraders in ruminal samples and feces. Also, several strains of 3,4-DHP degrading ruminal bacteria have been characterized and have been given the genus and species designation, Synergistes jonesii. Ruminal inoculation with ruminal contents from adapted animals, enriched cultures of 3,4-DHP-degrading ruminal bacteria, and pure cultures of S. jonesii have all been used successfully to establish ruminal populations that are capable of degrading 3,4-DHP and preventing leucaena toxicosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Hammond, A C AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601-4672, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 1487 EP - 1492 VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Pyridines KW - 0 KW - Mimosine KW - 500-44-7 KW - 3,4-dihydroxypyridine KW - UW0C50CU4H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Goat Diseases -- etiology KW - Goats KW - Mimosine -- metabolism KW - Mimosine -- poisoning KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology KW - Cattle KW - Goat Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Mimosine -- chemistry KW - Pyridines -- poisoning KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Pyridines -- metabolism KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Animal Feed -- poisoning KW - Fabaceae -- poisoning KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Ruminants KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77496240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Leucaena+toxicosis+and+its+control+in+ruminants.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sap beetles and mycotoxins in maize. AN - 77492197; 7664949 AB - Sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) are important in vectoring mycotoxigenic species of Aspergillus and Fusarium to maize. Species examined are attracted to fungal and maize volatiles, and are resistant to most mycotoxins compared to maize ear-infesting caterpillars. They will invade ears damaged by birds or caterpillars or those ears that have poor husk coverage. An integrated control programme for these insects under development presently includes pheromones and host coattractants for trapping; identification and dispersal of pathogenic nematodes and fungi; identification of maize varieties cross-resistant to mycotoxigenic fungi and other insects, and the potential mechanisms involved; and formulations of insecticides for single treatment, low active ingredient, selective control of insect pests of ears including sap beetles and caterpillars that preserve naturally occurring predators and parasites. Autoinoculative devices are also being tested to use sap beetles to deliver biocompetitors of mycotoxigenic fungi to maize. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Dowd, P F AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 497 EP - 508 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Pheromones KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Forecasting KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Insect Vectors KW - Beetles KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77492197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Sap+beetles+and+mycotoxins+in+maize.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubidium in female Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) after engorgement on a rubidium-treated host. AN - 77404693; 7616533 AB - A rabbit given an intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of rubidium chloride retained elevated blood levels of Rb+ for at least 30 d with no overt effects. All Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Wirth & Jones) females that fed on the rabbit 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after injection were marked with Rb+ when engorged (day 1), and 95% were marked when gravid (day 3). At 7 d, 79% of flies were marked, and 16% exhibited elevated levels after 14 d. Eggs laid 3-4 d after feeding contained elevated Rb+ levels, and the rapid decline in Rb+ content in females was associated with metabolism of the blood meal and oviposition. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Holbrook, F R AD - Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, University Station, Laramie, WY 82071-3965, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 387 EP - 389 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Rubidium KW - MLT4718TJW KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insect Bites and Stings KW - Female KW - Rubidium -- metabolism KW - Ceratopogonidae -- metabolism KW - Rabbits -- metabolism KW - Rabbits -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77404693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Rubidium+in+female+Culicoides+variipennis+sonorensis+%28Diptera%3A+Ceratopogonidae%29+after+engorgement+on+a+rubidium-treated+host.&rft.au=Holbrook%2C+F+R&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The lesions of locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus), swainsonine, and castanospermine in rats. AN - 77372648; 7604496 AB - To better characterize and compare the toxicity of and lesions produced by locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus) with those of swainsonine and a related glycoside inhibitor, castanospermine, 55 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 11 groups of five animals each. The first eight groups were dosed via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps with swainsonine at 0, 0.1, 0.7, 3.0, 7.4, or 14.9 mg/kg/day or with castanospermine at 12.4 or 143.6 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The last three groups were fed alfalfa or locoweed pellets with swainsonine doses of 0, 0.9, or 7.2 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Swainsonine- and locoweed-treated rats gained less weight, ate less, and showed more signs of nervousness than did controls. Histologically, these animals developed vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, the thyroid follicular cells, and the macrophage-phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes, spleen, lung, liver, and thymus. Some rats also developed vacuolation of neurons, ependyma, adrenal cortex, exocrine pancreas, myocardial epicytes, interstitial cells, and gastric parietal cells. No differences in lesion severity or distribution were detected between animals dosed with swainsonine and those dosed with locoweed. Rats dosed with castanospermine were clinically normal; however, they developed mild vacuolation of the renal tubular epithelium, the thyroid follicular epithelium, hepatocytes, and skeletal myocytes. Special stains and lectin histochemical evaluation showed that swainsonine- and castanospermine-induced vacuoles contained mannose-rich oligosaccharides. Castanospermine-induced vacuoles also contained glycogen. These results suggest that 1) swainsonine causes lesions similar to those caused by locoweed and is probably the primary locoweed toxin; 2) castanospermine at high doses causes vacuolar changes in the kidney and thyroid gland; and 3) castanospermine intoxication results in degenerative vacuolation of hepatocytes and skeletal myocytes, similar to genetic glycogenosis. JF - Veterinary pathology AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Elbein, A D AU - James, L F AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 289 EP - 298 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - Indolizines KW - 0 KW - castanospermine KW - Q0I3184XM7 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Vacuoles -- pathology KW - Thyroid Gland -- pathology KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- pathology KW - Male KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Swainsonine -- administration & dosage KW - Swainsonine -- blood KW - Swainsonine -- toxicity KW - Indolizines -- toxicity KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley -- blood KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Indolizines -- blood KW - Indolizines -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77372648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+pathology&rft.atitle=The+lesions+of+locoweed+%28Astragalus+mollissimus%29%2C+swainsonine%2C+and+castanospermine+in+rats.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BElbein%2C+A+D%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Abandoned-Inactive Mines Program, Deerlodge National Forest; Volume II, Cataract Creek drainage AN - 52225422; 2001-044500 JF - MBMG Open-File Report AU - Metesh, John AU - Lonn, Jeffrey D AU - Duaime, Ted AU - Marvin, Richard AU - Wintergerst, Robert Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 163 PB - Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Butte, MT KW - Type: site location map KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Jefferson County Montana KW - Silver Bow County Montana KW - Madison County Montana KW - environmental analysis KW - national forests KW - Cataract Creek basin KW - drainage basins KW - pH KW - heavy metals KW - Deerlodge National Forest KW - abandoned mines KW - soils KW - programs KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - Deer Lodge County Montana KW - acid mine drainage KW - waste rock KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - Granite County Montana KW - site location maps KW - public lands KW - Montana KW - maps KW - Powell County Montana KW - risk assessment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52225422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Metesh%2C+John%3BLonn%2C+Jeffrey+D%3BDuaime%2C+Ted%3BMarvin%2C+Richard%3BWintergerst%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Metesh&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Montana+Bureau+of+Mines+and+Geology+Abandoned-Inactive+Mines+Program%2C+Deerlodge+National+Forest%3B+Volume+II%2C+Cataract+Creek+drainage&rft.title=Montana+Bureau+of+Mines+and+Geology+Abandoned-Inactive+Mines+Program%2C+Deerlodge+National+Forest%3B+Volume+II%2C+Cataract+Creek+drainage&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - MT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 38 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03000 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; Cataract Creek basin; Deer Lodge County Montana; Deerlodge National Forest; drainage basins; environmental analysis; Granite County Montana; heavy metals; Jefferson County Montana; Madison County Montana; maps; mines; monitoring; Montana; national forests; pH; pollutants; pollution; Powell County Montana; programs; public lands; risk assessment; Silver Bow County Montana; site location maps; soils; Superfund; surface water; United States; waste rock; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incipient motion of sand-gravel sediment mixtures; discussion and closure AN - 50152641; 1995-038469 JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Bettess, Roger AU - Kuhnle, Roger A Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 448 EP - 450 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 121 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - hydrology KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - sediments KW - rivers and streams KW - waterways KW - velocity KW - alluvium KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50152641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Incipient+motion+of+sand-gravel+sediment+mixtures%3B+discussion+and+closure&rft.au=Bettess%2C+Roger%3BKuhnle%2C+Roger+A&rft.aulast=Bettess&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/hyo/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Kuhnle, R. A., J. Hydraul. Eng., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 119, No. 12, Dec. 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHEND8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; clastic sediments; hydrology; rivers and streams; sediment transport; sediments; velocity; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary soil landscapes & major physical constraints to development within the Newcastle-Port Stephens area AN - 919643544; 2012-018670 JF - Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin: Proceedings of the Symposium AU - Murphy, C L AU - Matthai, L E A2 - Boyd, R. L. A2 - MacKenzie, G. A. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 285 PB - University of Newcastle, N.S.W., Department of Geology, Newcastle, N.S.W. VL - 29 SN - 0727-0097, 0727-0097 KW - soils KW - Quaternary KW - Australasia KW - Newcastle Australia KW - Port Stephens KW - New South Wales Australia KW - landforms KW - Cenozoic KW - physical properties KW - geographic information systems KW - chemical properties KW - information systems KW - Australia KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919643544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+the+Study+of+the+Sydney+Basin%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Symposium&rft.atitle=Quaternary+soil+landscapes+%26amp%3B+major+physical+constraints+to+development+within+the+Newcastle-Port+Stephens+area&rft.au=Murphy%2C+C+L%3BMatthai%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+the+Study+of+the+Sydney+Basin%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Symposium&rft.issn=07270097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty ninth Newcastle symposium on Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - N.S.W. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASSBCJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; Cenozoic; chemical properties; geographic information systems; information systems; land use; landforms; New South Wales Australia; Newcastle Australia; physical properties; Port Stephens; Quaternary; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal abundance and spatial patterns of the predator Lyctocoris campestris in stored corn* AN - 902346697; 14666049 AB - A two-year sampling study (1992-93) in a flat storage of shelled corn showed that the larger pirate bug, Lyctocoris campestris (F.) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), can be detected by relative sampling techniques as early as the second week of May. The perceived seasonal pattern of L. campestris varied with trapping method. Of the three relative sampling methods used, probe traps consistently captured more bugs of both sexes than cardboard traps in the grain and sticky flight traps. Probe traps showed a third degree polynomial trend through the season. On the other hand, flight traps were effective for monitoring L. campestris population during early and mid-summer when temperatures were high, but the effectiveness declined during late summer and early fall. Cardboard traps showed the opposite trend to those of flight traps, with increasing L. campestris abundance during the fall when bugs sought refuge as temperature decreased. Sampling date and environmental factors, including grain moisture content, air and grain temperatures were correlated with trap capture. Earlier work reported that L. campestris showed a highly female biased sex ratio in the field as opposed to a 1:1 sex ratio in laboratory colonies. The present study found that the estimate of sex ratios in the field can differ with trapping methods. Of the three relative sampling methods used, flight and cardboard traps, in most cases, showed no deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio. Probe traps, however, indicated a highly female biased sex ratio in field populations. Absolute sampling using a 1140 ml cup sampler also showed no deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio in the field population. The data suggested that relative sampling methods may be inappropriate for sex ratio estimation in the field. Thus, an absolute sampling method is required for determination of the true field sex ratio of L. campestris. Analyses of dispersion patterns showed that both males and females of L. campestris exhibit an aggregated spatial distribution in the grain. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Parajulee, Megha N AU - Phillips, Thomas W AD - USDA ARS, StoredaProduct Insects Research Unit, Department of Entomology, University of WisconsinaMadison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - Apr 1995 SP - 33 EP - 42 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Air temperature KW - Colonies KW - Data processing KW - Environmental factors KW - Flight KW - Grain KW - Predators KW - Probes KW - Samplers KW - Sampling KW - Seasonal variations KW - Sex KW - Sex ratio KW - Spatial distribution KW - Temperature effects KW - Trapping KW - Traps KW - Lyctocoris campestris KW - Hemiptera KW - Anthocoridae KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902346697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Seasonal+abundance+and+spatial+patterns+of+the+predator+Lyctocoris+campestris+in+stored+corn*&rft.au=Parajulee%2C+Megha+N%3BPhillips%2C+Thomas+W&rft.aulast=Parajulee&rft.aufirst=Megha&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1995.tb01907.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Sex ratio; Spatial distribution; Abundance; Probes; Predators; Samplers; Environmental factors; Trapping; Air temperature; Flight; Colonies; Grain; Traps; Sampling; Seasonal variations; Sex; Lyctocoris campestris; Anthocoridae; Hemiptera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb01907.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and virginiamycin on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. AN - 77347977; 7792233 AB - Male broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0 or 3.5 mg aflatoxin (AF)/kg from 1 to 28 d of age. The diets were amended with either .5% hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), 16.5 mg virginiamycin (VM)/kg of diet, or .5% HSCAS + 16.5 mg VM/kg of diet to determine the effects of these compounds during aflatoxicosis. When compared with controls (814 g), BW gains were significantly lower for broilers fed the AF (731 g) or AF+VM (716 g) diets. No differences were found between the BW gains of chicks fed diets without aflatoxin (814 g) and those of chicks fed AF+HSCAS (793 g) or AF+HSCAS+VM (803 g), indicating approximately 75% protection against decreased BW gain by HSCAS and 87% protection by the HSCAS+VM combination. Relative weights of the liver and kidney and creatine kinase activity were significantly increased and albumin, total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were decreased in chicks fed the diet containing AF alone. With the exception of albumin, HSCAS was effective in restoring these values to control values. The findings of this research suggest that HSCAS and HSCAS+VM can counteract some of the toxic effects of AF in growing broiler chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Abo-Norag, M AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Phillips, T D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 626 EP - 632 VL - 74 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - 0 KW - Virginiamycin KW - 11006-76-1 KW - sodium calcium aluminosilicate, hydrated KW - 1344-01-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aluminum Silicates -- administration & dosage KW - Poultry Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Virginiamycin -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Mycotoxicosis -- drug therapy KW - Poultry Diseases -- blood KW - Mycotoxicosis -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77347977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicate+and+virginiamycin+on+aflatoxicosis+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Abo-Norag%2C+M%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Abo-Norag&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=626&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response to Salmonella enteritidis infection by the immunocompromised avian host. AN - 77347088; 7792237 AB - To develop knowledge of the avian immune response and improve the ability of chickens to resist infection by Salmonella enteritidis (SE), the role of the different components of the immune response against SE infection was examined. Birds were given treatments with cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, or testosterone propionate to induce immunological deficiency, and experiments were performed to determine the effects of each on the immune response. Each treatment reduced hatch rate, survival rate, and rate of weight gain. As measured by flow cytometry, treatments with cyclophosphamide and testosterone propionate decreased the percentages of B cells to background levels and increased the percentages of CT8 cells significantly above controls. The intestinal shed rate of SE increased after treatment with testosterone propionate and cyclophosphamide, but dissemination to the spleen of infected birds was not different from controls for any treatment. The SE infection was also immunosuppressive as measured by the proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation. Maximum lymphocyte proliferation occurred 1 wk after infection in response to .5 micrograms concanavalin A per 10(6) cells. By the 2nd wk, proliferation dropped 10-fold to almost no response. Results showed that immunocompetence relied on interdependent functions of multiple components of the immune response, i.e., aspects of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. JF - Poultry science AU - Arnold, J W AU - Holt, P S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 656 EP - 665 VL - 74 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Immunoglobulins KW - 0 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Animals KW - Immunity, Cellular KW - Immunoglobulins -- metabolism KW - Antibody Formation KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- immunology KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Immunocompromised Host -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77347088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Response+to+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+by+the+immunocompromised+avian+host.&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+W%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific integration of DNA into wild-type and mutant lox sites placed in the plant genome. AN - 77261781; 7742860 AB - The bacteriophage P1 Cre-lox site-specific recombination system has been used to integrate DNA specifically at lox sites previously placed in the tobacco genome. As integrated molecules flanked by wild-type lox sites can readily excise in the presence of Cre recombinase, screening for mutant lox sites that can resist excisional recombination was performed. In gene integration experiments, wild-type and mutant lox sites were used in conjunction with two strategies for abolishing post-integration Cre activity: (i) promoter displacement of a cre-expression construct present in the target genome; and (ii) transient expression of cre. When the promoter displacement strategy was used, integrant plants were recovered after transformation with constructs containing mutant lox sequences, but not with constructs containing wild-type lox sites. When cre was transiently expressed, integrant plants were obtained after transformation with either mutant or wild-type lox sites. DNA rearrangements at the target locus were less frequent when mutant lox sites were used. DNA integration at the genomic lox site was usually without additional insertions in the genome. Thus, the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system is useful for the single-copy integration of DNA into a chromosomal lox site. JF - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology AU - Albert, H AU - Dale, E C AU - Lee, E AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS-UC Berkeley, Albany 94710, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 649 EP - 659 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - lox KW - DNA, Plant KW - 0 KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - Recombinases KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Integrases KW - integron integrase IntI1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Virus Integration -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- biosynthesis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Bacteriophage P1 -- genetics KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - DNA, Recombinant -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - DNA, Plant -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- virology KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Genome, Plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77261781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Site-specific+integration+of+DNA+into+wild-type+and+mutant+lox+sites+placed+in+the+plant+genome.&rft.au=Albert%2C+H%3BDale%2C+E+C%3BLee%2C+E%3BOw%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - lox N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Prepaid Nonmonetary Incentive on Response Rates and Response Quality in a Face-to-Face Survey AN - 60059973; 9507599 AB - Describes a randomized experiment on a face-to-face interview survey (N = 1,451 respondents [Rs] in Detroit, MI) that was conducted to test the effects on response rates of a prepaid nonmonetary incentive. Results show a statistically significant increase in response rates, mostly through reduction in refusal rates, in Rs who received the incentive (a gift-type ballpoint pen) as compared with a no-incentive control group. The effect appears to be due to greater cooperation from incentive Rs at the initial visit by an interviewer. Unexpectedly, the incentive Rs also showed a significantly higher rate of sample ineligibility, possibly due to easier identification of vacant residences or nonexistent addresses. In addition, evidence suggests greater response completeness among responding incentive Rs early in the interview, with no evidence of increased measurement error due to the incentive. 2 Tables, 1 Appendix, 36 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Public Opinion Quarterly AU - Willimack, Diane K AU - Schuman, Howard AU - Pennell, Beth-Ellen AU - Lepkowski, James M AD - National Agricultural Statistics Service US Dept Agriculture, Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20250-0001 Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 78 EP - 92 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0033-362X, 0033-362X KW - survey response rates/quality, face-to-face interviews KW - prepaid nonmonetary incentive KW - experiment KW - Detroit, Michigan KW - Methodology (Data Collection) KW - Research Responses KW - Research Methodology KW - Surveys KW - Incentives KW - Interviews KW - Data Quality KW - article KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60059973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Prepaid+Nonmonetary+Incentive+on+Response+Rates+and+Response+Quality+in+a+Face-to-Face+Survey&rft.au=Willimack%2C+Diane+K%3BSchuman%2C+Howard%3BPennell%2C+Beth-Ellen%3BLepkowski%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Willimack&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.issn=0033362X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - POPQAE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research Responses; Data Quality; Surveys; Interviews; Incentives; Detroit, Michigan; Methodology (Data Collection); Research Methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of AVHRR, LUDA, and NRI land use data and reservoir sediment deposition rates AN - 52838801; 1996-044536 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Walcott, Jessica R AU - Steffen, Lyle J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 93 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - reservoirs KW - surface water KW - sedimentation KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - AVHRR KW - infrared methods KW - sedimentation rates KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - graphic methods KW - land use KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52838801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+AVHRR%2C+LUDA%2C+and+NRI+land+use+data+and+reservoir+sediment+deposition+rates&rft.au=Walcott%2C+Jessica+R%3BSteffen%2C+Lyle+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Walcott&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 29th annual meeting, North-Central Section, South-Central Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; AVHRR; data bases; data processing; geophysical methods; graphic methods; information systems; infrared methods; land use; reservoirs; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; surface water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating Landsat TM, airborne video, and hand-head spectral data for lake water quality assessment AN - 52774542; 1997-008220 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Harrington, John A, Jr AU - Repic, Randall L AU - Schiebe, Frank R AU - Everitt, James H AU - Escobar, David AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 55 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - organic materials KW - water quality KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - pigments KW - video methods KW - surface water KW - fresh water KW - suspended materials KW - Little Washita River basin KW - hydrochemistry KW - chlorophyll KW - organic compounds KW - Oklahoma KW - Landsat KW - aerial photography KW - spectra KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52774542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Integrating+Landsat+TM%2C+airborne+video%2C+and+hand-head+spectral+data+for+lake+water+quality+assessment&rft.au=Harrington%2C+John+A%2C+Jr%3BRepic%2C+Randall+L%3BSchiebe%2C+Frank+R%3BEveritt%2C+James+H%3BEscobar%2C+David%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 29th annual meeting, North-Central Section, South-Central Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerial photography; airborne methods; chlorophyll; fresh water; hydrochemistry; imagery; Landsat; Little Washita River basin; Oklahoma; organic compounds; organic materials; pigments; reflectance; remote sensing; spectra; surface water; suspended materials; thematic mapper; United States; video methods; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chamber-induced disturbances of soil-atmosphere trace gas exchange; evaluation by a numerical gas diffusion model AN - 52761709; 1997-013039 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Hutchinson, G L AU - Livingston, G P AU - Healy, R W AU - Striegl, R G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 308 EP - 309 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 76 IS - 17, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - soils KW - methods KW - diffusion KW - numerical models KW - prediction KW - atmosphere KW - simulation KW - measurement KW - gases KW - time factor KW - mathematical methods KW - testing KW - air KW - accuracy KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52761709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Chamber-induced+disturbances+of+soil-atmosphere+trace+gas+exchange%3B+evaluation+by+a+numerical+gas+diffusion+model&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+G+L%3BLivingston%2C+G+P%3BHealy%2C+R+W%3BStriegl%2C+R+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=17%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1995 Front Range meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; air; atmosphere; diffusion; gases; mathematical methods; measurement; methods; numerical models; prediction; simulation; soils; testing; time factor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micromorphological and mineralogical components of surface sealing in loess soils from different geographic regions AN - 50146375; 1995-041088 AB - Mineralogy of clay sized particles and rainstorm characteristics are among the major factors that determine the nature of soil sealing. This research was designed to further our knowledge about the role of clay mineralogy and rainstorm characteristics on crust formation. Four loess soils from different geographic locations (Canada, USA, China, and Belgium) were used in this study. Preliminary studies were carried out on Grenada Bt (USA), Lishi (China), and Bierbeek Bt (Belgium) horizons. Detailed infiltration and microscopic studies were performed only on the Bm1 horizon of the Saskatchewan soil, Canada and the Ap horizon of the Grenada soil, Mississippi, USA. Two levels of rainstorm were applied ( approximately 40 and 80 mm h (super -1) ). While smectite was the major component in the Saskatchewan Bm1 horizon, vermiculite and illite were found to be the dominant clay minerals in the Bt horizon of the Grenada soil. Formation of the washed layer together with thin lamellar crust coincided with the preferential movement of clay sized particles through runoff in both the Saskatchewan Bm1 and Grenada Ap horizons. The higher initial infiltration rate with higher rainfall intensity in both soils were likely due to higher matric suction, but rapid reduction in infiltration in this treatment was due to rapid aggregate destruction and a dense packing of the fundamental soil particles. No washed-in zone could be observed in the Bm1 horizon of the Saskatchewan soil in both rainstorm intensities. However, drastic reduction in infiltration, especially with high rainstorm intensity (after 7-8 min), was attributed mainly to the swelling of smectite in this soil material. Washed-in materials were visible in the Ap horizon of Grenada under high rainstorm intensity. Due to the presence of iron oxides and clay coatings, aggregates were stable and no sealing could be observed in the Grenada Bt and Bierbeek Bt materials. The degree of seal development in the Lishi soils was low. This was due to low clay and high carbonate contents. This study shows clearly that higher and continuous rainstorm intensity causes rapid seal development and as a result more erosion would occur, especially in the soils with high smectite content. JF - Geoderma AU - Mermut, A R AU - Luk, S H AU - Roemkens, M J M AU - Poesen, J W A Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 71 EP - 84 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 66 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - terrestrial environment KW - Far East KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - clay mineralogy KW - semi-arid environment KW - Europe KW - mineral composition KW - sediments KW - raindrops KW - Asia KW - China KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - sealing KW - Western Europe KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - rainfall KW - arid environment KW - smectite KW - illite KW - clay minerals KW - physical properties KW - Canada KW - infiltration KW - Belgium KW - parent materials KW - loess KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - erodibility KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50146375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Micromorphological+and+mineralogical+components+of+surface+sealing+in+loess+soils+from+different+geographic+regions&rft.au=Mermut%2C+A+R%3BLuk%2C+S+H%3BRoemkens%2C+M+J+M%3BPoesen%2C+J+W+A&rft.aulast=Mermut&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Univ. Sask., Contrib. No. R-750-SIP N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Asia; Belgium; Canada; China; clastic sediments; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; erodibility; Europe; Far East; hydrology; illite; infiltration; loess; micromorphology; mineral composition; parent materials; physical properties; raindrops; rainfall; sealing; sediments; semi-arid environment; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; terrestrial environment; United States; vermiculite; Western Europe; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General disinfection guidelines. AN - 77642254; 7548964 AB - Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces which have been in contact with animals, poultry or organic material is a vital element in controlling bacterial and viral diseases, and ensuring the wholesomeness and safety of foods. The thoroughness of pre-disinfection cleaning is the most important determinant of the efficacy of disinfection processes. Disinfectant users and officials responsible for the use of disinfectants must have clear goals and a sound plan of action. They must choose appropriate products, properly clean and prepare the site, and take the necessary steps to ensure the safety of animals, humans, equipment and the environment. They must also objectively evaluate the results of disinfection procedures. Safe and effective disinfectant strategies require an understanding of the actions and toxicological hazards of the chosen products, a clear plan of action, regulatory discipline, conscientious documentation, responsible supervision and post-disinfection testing. Disinfection procedures and policies must meet legal and environmental requirements and the changing expectations of society. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Kahrs, R F AD - National Center for Import and Export, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 105 EP - 163 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Housing, Animal -- standards KW - Disinfectants -- standards KW - Animal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Infection Control -- standards KW - Disinfection -- standards KW - Guidelines as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77642254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=General+disinfection+guidelines.&rft.au=Kahrs%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Kahrs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of endophyte toxins: fescue and other grasses toxic to livestock. AN - 77387814; 7608022 AB - Research on livestock toxicoses caused by Acremonium (endophyte)-infected grasses strongly implicate the ergopeptine alkaloids with A. coenophialum-infected fescue and paxilline and the lolitrem alkaloids with A. lolii-infected perennial ryegrass as the causative agents. Isolation, identification, and detection of these toxins involves extraction with appropriate solvents, clean-up procedures, and chromatographic methods with known standards. Thin-layer, high-performance liquid and gas chromatography along with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric (i.e., electron impact, chemical ionization, tandem mass) characterizations have been reported. These methods have varying degrees of success depending on the matrix from which the alkaloids have been extracted. Ergovaline is the primary ergopeptine alkaloid isolated from cultures of A. coenophialum and also from infected fescue grass and seeds toxic to livestock. Other compounds isolated from the endophyte-infected fescue include: lysergic acid amide (ergine), the clavine class of ergot alkaloids (chanoclavine I, agroclavine, elymoclavine, penniclavine), the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (N-formylloline, N-acetylloline, N-methyloline, N-acetylnorloline), and the unique pyrrolopyrazine alkaloid peramine. The loline alkaloids and peramine have been more associated with the insect-deterrent properties of the endophyte-infected fescue than with livestock toxicoses. Also, both peramine and the ergopeptine alkaloids (ergovaline, ergotamine) have been isolated from A. lolii-infected perennial ryegrass. More recently, paxilline and lolitrem B have been detected in laboratory cultures of A. coenophialum isolated from tall fescue. The ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass may be more related to decreased animal productivity (weight gains, reproduction problems), whereas the lolitrems cause the staggers syndrome. The detection, isolation, identification, and analyses of these compounds from Acremonium-infected grasses is presented. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Porter, J K AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30613, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 871 EP - 880 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Ergotamines KW - ergovaline KW - 2873-38-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Ergotism -- etiology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology KW - Ergotamines -- analysis KW - Ergotamines -- chemistry KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Cattle KW - Ergotism -- veterinary KW - Ergotamines -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Acremonium -- isolation & purification KW - Lolium -- microbiology KW - Animal Feed -- poisoning KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Lolium -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Acremonium -- metabolism KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77387814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+endophyte+toxins%3A+fescue+and+other+grasses+toxic+to+livestock.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue and range grasses: historic perspectives. AN - 77383457; 7608021 AB - A historic profile of endophyte-induced tall fescue toxicosis is presented. A chronology of events is presented, beginning with the importance of finding Balansia-infected grasses in a tall fescue pasture in north central Georgia. This initial finding was followed by the discovery that another related endophyte was present in tall fescue and other major forage grasses. This species of endophyte was identified as Acremonium coenophialum. After this report was the important discovery that cattle performance was poor on Acremonium-infected tall fescue. Thus, this endophyte and its presence in tall fescue was implicated as the cause of tall fescue toxicosis and fescue foot. It was later established that this endophyte also produced ergot alkaloids. The related endophyte of perennial ryegrass, A. lolii, was subsequently shown to be responsible for the ryegrass staggers syndrome. Several other species of Acremonium have been associated with other important forage and turf grasses. Finally, important papers leading to the revelations that endophytic fungi and their grass hosts are ecologically significant and that most should be considered mutualistic symbioses are reviewed. Symbiotic grasses have enhanced physiological and morphological characteristics that offer biotechnological exploitations on one hand, but on the other solutions to the toxicity of tall fescue are difficult because grasses free of their fungal partner are generally ecological failures. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Bacon, C W AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30613, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 861 EP - 870 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lolium -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Symbiosis KW - Ergotism -- veterinary KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Ergotism -- etiology KW - Georgia KW - Acremonium -- isolation & purification KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Animal Feed -- poisoning KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Acremonium -- metabolism KW - Animal Feed -- standards KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77383457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Toxic+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue+and+range+grasses%3A+historic+perspectives.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollen specificity elements reside in 30 bp of the proximal promoters of two pollen-expressed genes. AN - 77240821; 7734969 AB - Functional analyses previously identified minimal promoter regions required for maintaining high-level expression of the late anther tomato LAT52 and LAT59 genes in tomato pollen. Here, we now define elements that direct pollen specificity. We used a transient assay system consisting of two cell types that differentially express the LAT genes and both "loss-of-function" and "gain-of-function" approaches. Linker substitution mutants analyzed in the transient assay and in transgenic plants identified 30-bp proximal promoter regions of LAT52 and LAT59 that are essential for their expression in pollen and that confer pollen specificity when fused to the heterologous cauliflower mosaic virus 35S core promoter. In vivo competition experiments demonstrated that a common trans-acting factor interacts with the pollen specificity region of both LAT gene promoters and suggested that a common mechanism regulates their coordinate expression. Adjacent upstream elements, the 52/56 box in LAT52 and the 56/59 box in LAT59, are involved in modulating the level of expression in pollen. The 52/56 box may be a target for the binding of a member of the GT-1 transcription factor family. JF - The Plant cell AU - Eyal, Y AU - Curie, C AU - McCormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 373 EP - 384 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1040-4651, 1040-4651 KW - LAT52 KW - LAT59 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Luciferases -- biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - Caulimovirus -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Luciferases -- analysis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Pollen -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77240821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+cell&rft.atitle=Pollen+specificity+elements+reside+in+30+bp+of+the+proximal+promoters+of+two+pollen-expressed+genes.&rft.au=Eyal%2C+Y%3BCurie%2C+C%3BMcCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Eyal&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+cell&rft.issn=10404651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - LAT52; LAT59 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):161-8 [2277635] Development. 1990 Jul;109(3):705-13 [2401221] Plant Mol Biol. 1990 Jan;14(1):17-28 [1983191] Trends Genet. 1991 Sep;7(9):298-303 [1763428] Cell. 1992 Jan 10;68(1):109-18 [1732061] Plant Cell. 1992 Jul;4(7):831-8 [1392597] Plant Cell. 1992 Jul;4(7):839-49 [1392598] PCR Methods Appl. 1992 May;1(4):279-82 [1282432] Plant J. 1992 May;2(3):331-42 [1303799] Nature. 1993 Jul 8;364(6433):121-6 [8321284] Plant Cell. 1993 Aug;5(8):877-86 [8400870] Plant Cell. 1994 Feb;6(2):237-49 [8148647] Plant J. 1994 Jun;5(6):815-26 [8054988] Plant Cell. 1994 Jun;6(6):799-810 [8061518] Plant J. 1994 Sep;6(3):321-38 [7920720] Plant J. 1994 Oct;6(4):579-89 [7987416] Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Nov 26;12(22):8711-21 [6095209] Anal Biochem. 1987 May 15;163(1):16-20 [2441623] Methods Enzymol. 1987;154:367-82 [3323813] EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3901-7 [3327686] Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Jun;217(2-3):240-5 [2770694] EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):1677-84 [2347301] Genes Dev. 1991 Mar;5(3):496-507 [1840556] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energetics of bacterial growth: balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions. AN - 77211425; 7708012 AB - Biomass formation represents one of the most basic aspects of bacterial metabolism. While there is an abundance of information concerning individual reactions that result in cell duplication, there has been surprisingly little information on the bioenergetics of growth. For many years, it was assumed that biomass production (anabolism) was proportional to the amount of ATP which could be derived from energy-yielding pathways (catabolism), but later work showed that the ATP yield (YATP) was not necessarily a constant. Continuous-culture experiments indicated that bacteria utilized ATP for metabolic reactions that were not directly related to growth (maintenance functions). Mathematical derivations showed that maintenance energy appeared to be a growth rate-independent function of the cell mass and time. Later work, however, showed that maintenance energy alone could not account for all the variations in yield. Because only some of the discrepancy could be explained by the secretion of metabolites (overflow metabolism) or the diversion of catabolism to metabolic pathways which produced less ATP, it appeared that energy-excess cultures had mechanisms of spilling energy. Bacteria have the potential to spill excess ATP in futile enzyme cycles, but there has been little proof that such cycles are significant. Recent work indicated that bacteria can also use futile cycles of potassium, ammonia, and protons through the cell membrane to dissipate ATP either directly or indirectly. The utility of energy spilling in bacteria has been a curiosity. The deprivation of energy from potential competitors is at best a teleological explanation that cannot be easily supported by standard theories of natural selection. The priming of intracellular intermediates for future growth or protection of cells from potentially toxic end products (e.g., methylglyoxal) seems a more plausible explanation. JF - Microbiological reviews AU - Russell, J B AU - Cook, G M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 48 EP - 62 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0146-0749, 0146-0749 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Index Medicus KW - Substrate Cycling KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- enzymology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Energy Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77211425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+reviews&rft.atitle=Energetics+of+bacterial+growth%3A+balance+of+anabolic+and+catabolic+reactions.&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BCook%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+reviews&rft.issn=01460749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1980 Aug 11;290(1040):329-39 [6106247] J Bacteriol. 1980 Oct;144(1):114-23 [6998942] J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):390-4 [6217196] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(1):305-9 [6572006] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Dec 31;683(3-4):181-220 [7159578] J Bacteriol. 1983 Mar;153(3):1461-70 [6402498] Arch Microbiol. 1982 Dec 3;133(4):300-2 [7171288] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 May;45(5):1453-8 [6870238] Arch Microbiol. 1983 Jan;134(1):80-5 [6347115] J Bacteriol. 1983 Oct;156(1):70-80 [6311807] FEBS Lett. 1984 Jan 2;165(1):1-5 [6319178] Arch Microbiol. 1984 Feb;137(2):176-84 [6202266] Biochemistry. 1984 Apr 10;23(8):1640-5 [6722116] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1984;38:419-58 [6093684] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1984;38:459-86 [6388498] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1984;38:49-68 [6093685] Arch Microbiol. 1985 Sep;142(4):375-82 [4062485] Microbiol Rev. 1985 Dec;49(4):359-78 [3912654] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1986 Jul;248(1):53-61 [2425739] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Sep 10;851(2):223-8 [3527265] J Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;168(2):694-701 [3782021] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Dec;52(6):1348-52 [3789722] J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):500-6 [3804970] J Bacteriol. 1987 Aug;169(8):3743-9 [3301813] Arch Microbiol. 1989;152(1):58-63 [2669673] Arch Microbiol. 1990;153(4):378-83 [2140038] Microbiol Rev. 1990 Jun;54(2):89-100 [1694554] Biochem J. 1990 Jul 1;269(1):1-11 [2198020] J Bacteriol. 1990 Oct;172(10):6010-9 [2170336] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 9;30(14):3576-82 [2012815] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Jan;57(1):248-54 [2036012] Arch Microbiol. 1991;155(4):391-5 [2048936] Microbiol Rev. 1991 Jun;55(2):316-33 [1886524] Arch Microbiol. 1991;155(6):559-65 [1953297] Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1965 Oct 12;163(991):224-31 [4378482] Biochem J. 1967 Aug;104(2):588-600 [6048801] J Gen Microbiol. 1970 Nov;63(3):333-45 [4930427] J Bacteriol. 1971 Oct;108(1):137-44 [4941552] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Sep;69(9):2509-12 [4560688] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Feb 12;301(1):53-70 [4574767] Adv Microb Physiol. 1971;5:213-74 [4950259] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1973;39(3):545-65 [4148026] J Bacteriol. 1975 Sep;123(3):1076-87 [169226] Arch Microbiol. 1975 Dec 31;106(3):251-8 [766718] Arch Microbiol. 1976 Mar 19;107(2):215-21 [1259519] Biochem J. 1975 Dec;152(3):537-46 [179525] Arch Microbiol. 1976 Nov 2;110(23):305-11 [1015953] Bacteriol Rev. 1977 Mar;41(1):47-99 [140652] Arch Microbiol. 1977 Jun 20;113(3):185-9 [141918] J Gen Microbiol. 1978 Jul;107(1):45-52 [103995] J Bacteriol. 1979 Oct;140(1):197-205 [40951] J Gen Microbiol. 1980 Mar;117(1):127-34 [6993622] Biochemistry. 1986 Feb 25;25(4):760-7 [2870735] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Aug;137(8):1999-2005 [1955875] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Mar;58(3):969-75 [1315500] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jun;58(6):2040-5 [1320369] Eur J Biochem. 1992 Jul 1;207(1):155-62 [1628646] J Bacteriol. 1992 Nov;174(22):7370-8 [1429459] J Bacteriol. 1992 Dec;174(23):7527-32 [1332936] J Bacteriol. 1992 Dec;174(23):7635-41 [1447134] J Anim Sci. 1992 Nov;70(11):3551-61 [1459918] J Anim Sci. 1992 Nov;70(11):3562-77 [1459919] J Anim Sci. 1992 Nov;70(11):3578-96 [1334063] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 Dec 15;100(1-3):169-76 [1478453] J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Oct;138(10):2007-14 [1479338] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1993 Jan;63(1):1-16 [8386914] J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(10):3020-5 [8491720] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jun;59(6):1747-51 [8328799] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Sep;59(9):2844-50 [8215358] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Dec;59(12):4261-5 [8285716] J Biol Chem. 1994 Feb 18;269(7):5122-6 [8106492] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jun;60(6):1942-8 [8031089] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Aug 30;1187(2):132-9 [8075107] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Sep;9(6):1297-303 [7934942] J Membr Biol. 1994 Sep;141(3):203-23 [7528804] Science. 1950 Dec 15;112(2920):715-6 [14787503] J Bacteriol. 1951 Oct;62(4):499-511 [14897820] J Gen Microbiol. 1956 Jul;14(3):601-22 [13346021] J Bacteriol. 1957 Apr;73(4):452-60 [13428674] J Biol Chem. 1958 Apr;231(2):1009-29 [13539033] J Gen Microbiol. 1960 Dec;23:457-69 [13687855] Nature. 1961 Jul 8;191:144-8 [13771349] Bacteriol Rev. 1962 Jun;26:95-107 [13910664] Science. 1964 Nov 6;146(3645):775-7 [14197565] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relating photosynthetic pigments and in vivo optical density spectra to irradiance for the Florida red-tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve AN - 16798604; 3752872 AB - The lipophilic pigment content and composition and in vivo optical density (OD) spectra for batch cultures of the Florida (USA) red-tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve Davis were analyzed after exposure to irradiance treatments representative of an irradiance gradient that cells might experience in a coastal water column. Decreases in total chlorophyll (chl) content (attributable to decreases in chls a, c sub(1)/c sub(2) and c sub(3)) and total carotenoid content (attributable to decreases in total fucoxanthin and 19'-acylofucoxanthins, and gyroxanthin-diester) coincided with exposure to increased irradiance. The relative abundances of chl pigments remained constant whereas decreases in the relative abundances of total fucoxanthin and 19'-acylofucoxanthins, and beta - psi -carotene and an increase in the relative abundance of diadinoxanthin coincided with exposure to increased irradiance. Because gyroxanthin-diester has been observed only in a limited number of toxic dinoflagellates (of which G. breve is the only warm-water taxon), was consistently quantifiable throughout various irradiance-induced physiological states, and had a distinctive elution position and absorption maxima in the chromatographic eluent, this carotenoid may serve as a "biomarker" for G. breve within Florida coastal waters. An analysis of variance, performed on fourth-derivative plots derived from normalized OD spectra, identified portions of the OD spectra which differed among irradiance treatments. Designated wavelengths coincided with wave crests in the fourth-derivative plots representative of absorption maxima for total chl c (460 to 468, 585 to 590 nm) and total fucoxanthin and 19'-acylofucoxanthins, and diadinoxanthin (490 to 496 nm). Stepwise discriminant analysis identified a set of 6 wavelengths (403, 541 546, 509, 673 and 663 nm) which optimally classified OD spectra for populations among irradiance treatments. This lack of correspondence between wavelengths identified by the 2 statistical techniques was not unexpected; fourth-derivative analysis identified portions of the OD spectra where differences in the sharpness of curvature (as produced by absorption maxima of component pigments) occurred among treatments whereas discriminant analysis identified portions of the spectra which could be used to classify populations among treatments and did not necessarily have to correspond to absorption maxima. Such detectable differences in the bio-optical "signatures" of G. breve indicate that previous light history, as manifested in the pigment component, could be incorporated into future pigment-based monitoring applications to allow for the detection and/or physiological characterization of problematic taxa prior to bloom status. JF - Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf AU - Millie, D F AU - Kirkpatrick, G J AU - Vinyard, B T AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - Mar 1995 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 120 IS - 1-3 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Gymnodinium breve KW - carotenoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - USA, Florida KW - pigments KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - D 04330:Marine KW - K 03044:Algae KW - K 03049:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16798604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+ecology+progress+series.+Oldendorf&rft.atitle=Relating+photosynthetic+pigments+and+in+vivo+optical+density+spectra+to+irradiance+for+the+Florida+red-tide+dinoflagellate+Gymnodinium+breve&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BKirkpatrick%2C+G+J%3BVinyard%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+ecology+progress+series.+Oldendorf&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; photosynthesis; pigments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of strychnine alkaloid in an animal tissue AN - 15844899; 4014360 AB - Strychnine is one of the alkaloids derived from the seed of Strychnos nux vomica, a small tree native to India, northern Australia, and southeast Asia. A method for the determination of strychnine alkaloid residues in animal tissues using ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Following treatment with triethylamine, strychnine was extracted from whole-ground northern pocket gopher tissue with n-butyl chloride. The extraction solvent was evaporated and the sample reconstituted in the liquid chromatographic mobile phase containing the ion-pairing reagent heptanesulfonic acid. This method enables better than 80% strychnine recovery from tissue samples fortified with strychnine at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 50 mu g/g. Excellent precision is also obtained as demonstrated by standard deviations of replicate analyses of approximately 5%. The method limit of detection was 100 ng of strychnine/g of sample. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Kimball, BA AU - Furcolow, CA AD - USDA, Anim. and Plant Health Insp. Serv., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Bldg. 16, Denver Fed. Cent., Denver, CO 80225, USA Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - Mar 1995 SP - 700 EP - 703 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - strychnine KW - alkaloids KW - Strychnos nux vomica KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - animals KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - X 24172:Plants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15844899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Ion-pair+high-performance+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+strychnine+alkaloid+in+an+animal+tissue&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BFurcolow%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - high-performance liquid chromatography; animals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron supplementation to enhance the recovery of Salmonella enteritidis from pools of egg contents AN - 15779053; 3989036 AB - Direct-plating culture methods have been proposed for use in programs to test eggs for contamination by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) because of their speed and low cost, but direct plating has previously been observed to detect SE less frequently than more elaborate broth-enrichment culture methods. The present study used experimentally inoculated pools of egg contents to assess the comparative sensitivities of direct-plating and broth-enrichment culturing for detecting SE, to evaluate the ability of iron supplementation to increase the multiplication of SE during incubation of egg pools, and to determine whether iron supplementation could enhance the ability of direct plating to detect SE in egg pools that initially contained very few SE cells. Efficient detection of SE in egg pools was found to require an approximately 10,000-fold higher level of SE for direct plating than for broth-enrichment culturing. Iron supplementation of contaminated egg pools significantly increased the resulting final level of SE after 1 day of incubation at 37 degree C. Iron supplementation also significantly increased the percentage of 10-egg pools, initially inoculated with fewer than 10 SE cells each, that were identified as contaminated by direct plating after the pools had been incubated for 1 day at 37 degree C. Increasing the iron availability in incubating egg pools, therefore, increased the probability that a small initial number of SE cells would grow quickly to levels likely to be detected by direct plating. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gast, R K AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - Mar 1995 SP - 268 EP - 272 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - iron KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - media (enrichment) KW - food contamination KW - eggs KW - gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Iron+supplementation+to+enhance+the+recovery+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+from+pools+of+egg+contents&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; eggs; food contamination; media (enrichment); gastrointestinal tract diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute hepatic and renal toxicity in lambs dosed with fumonisin-containing culture material. AN - 77375350; 7601785 AB - To examine the effects of acute exposure to fumonisin-containing culture material (FCCM), 15 crossbred wether lambs were dosed intraruminally with FCCM containing 0 (CONTROL, n = 3), 11.1 (LOW, n = 4), 22.2 (MED, n = 4), or 45.5 (HIGH, n = 4) mg of total fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3)/kg BW daily for 4 d. Blood samples were collected daily, and on d 11 lambs were killed and necropsied. Changes in serum constituents in fumonisin-treated lambs indicative of liver damage, included increased (P < .05) activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were also increased (P < .05) in lambs dosed with FCCM. Hemoglobin tended to increase (P = .07) and white blood cell count tended to decrease (P = .08) in HIGH lambs and activated partial thromboplastin time tended to decrease (P < .10) in lambs dosed with LOW and MED treatments. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was not different (P = .14) among treatments. Feed intake markedly decreased (P < .01) following the first dosing of FCCM and continued to decline throughout the study. Ruminal VFA concentrations and pH tended to decrease (P < .10) at d 11 in treated lambs. Relative liver and kidney weights (g/100 g of BW) increased (P < .05) in fumonisin-treated lambs. Histiolgical examination revealved tubular nephrosis and mild hepatopathy in dosed lambs. Lambs receiving the HIGH treatment died on d 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the study and on d 9 one lamb on the MED treatment died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kamps-Holtzapple, C A AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 508 EP - 515 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Hemoglobins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Triglycerides KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Blood Cell Count -- veterinary KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Hemoglobins -- analysis KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Male KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- physiology KW - Mycotoxins -- blood KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Liver -- physiology KW - Sheep -- physiology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77375350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Acute+hepatic+and+renal+toxicity+in+lambs+dosed+with+fumonisin-containing+culture+material.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BKamps-Holtzapple%2C+C+A%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of fumonisin B1, present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material, and T-2 toxin on turkey poults. AN - 77232444; 7724453 AB - Diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg of feed and 5 mg T-2 toxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 21% by FB1, 26% by T-2, and 47% by the combination. the efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by FB1 and the combination of FB1 and T-2. Relative weights (grams/100 g BW) of the liver and gizzard were increased in poults fed the FB1 and the combination diets; whereas, the relative weight of the pancreas was increased in all treated groups. All poults were scored for oral lesions using a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = no visible lesions, 4 = severe lesions). Oral lesions were present in all poults fed the T-2 diet (average score of 3.29) or the combination diet (average score of 3.54). Serum concentration of cholesterol was decreased and lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased in poults fed the FB1 and combination diets. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and the values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased only in poults fed the combination diet. Inorganic phosphorus concentration was decreased only in poults fed the combination diet. The increased toxicity in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables not altered by FB1 or T-2 singly were significantly affected by the combination, indicating that the combination may pose a potentially greater problem to the turkey industry than either of the mycotoxins individually. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kamps-Holtzapple, C AU - Harvey, R B AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 306 EP - 313 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Animals KW - Mouth Diseases -- pathology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Mouth Diseases -- veterinary KW - Mouth Diseases -- etiology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - T-2 Toxin -- poisoning KW - T-2 Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Turkeys -- physiology KW - Turkeys -- metabolism KW - Turkeys -- blood KW - Mycotoxins -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77232444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fumonisin+B1%2C+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material%2C+and+T-2+toxin+on+turkey+poults.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKamps-Holtzapple%2C+C%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fats charged with yet another count. AN - 77221764; 7714694 JF - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition AU - Lifschitz, C H AD - Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 236 EP - 237 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0277-2116, 0277-2116 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Oleic Acids KW - Oleic Acid KW - 2UMI9U37CP KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Intestines -- growth & development KW - Oleic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Oleic Acids -- chemistry KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Fatty Acids -- adverse effects KW - Intestinal Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Fatty Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77221764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+pediatric+gastroenterology+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Fats+charged+with+yet+another+count.&rft.au=Lifschitz%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Lifschitz&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+pediatric+gastroenterology+and+nutrition&rft.issn=02772116&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of Compound 1080 livestock protection collars to sheep. AN - 77214324; 7710286 AB - The toxicity of Compound 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) livestock protection collars (LPCs) to sheep was investigated. Lambs wearing punctured LPCs were observed to determine dermal toxicity, sheep were fed hay treated with LPC solution to find a lethal concentration, hay treated with a lethal concentration was subjected to sun and simulated rain to assess weathering influences, and sheep were held on pasture treated with LPC solution to evaluate grazing effects. Five lambs that wore punctured LPCs for up to seven days showed no dermal erythema or edema, but three died after ingesting 1080 from LPCs. All sheep died after eating 1.0 kg of hay treated with 3.75 ml, or more, of 1.0% LPC solution. Weathering 1.0 kg of hay treated with 3.75 ml of LPC solution in the sun for up to 12 weeks, reduced, but did not eliminate, toxicity; one inch or more of simulated rain eliminated toxicity. Survival of sheep in 250 m2 pens containing 1.1 m2 of forage treated with different amounts of LPC solution depended on the treatment and amount of treated forage consumed. LPC solution poses no dermal toxicity or irritation to sheep, and toxic effects on sheep from LPC solution on hay and forage was variable and situation dependent. Under conditions of exaggerated hazard, sheep can be poisoned by ingesting LPC solution, but adverse effects from normal LPC use are rare. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Burns, R J AU - Connolly, G E AD - Denver Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Colorado 80225-0266. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 141 EP - 144 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Fluoroacetates KW - 0 KW - Rodenticides KW - fluoroacetic acid KW - AP1JV9U41M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sheep KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- mortality KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Fluoroacetates -- toxicity KW - Sheep Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Rodenticides -- toxicity KW - Sheep Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77214324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+Compound+1080+livestock+protection+collars+to+sheep.&rft.au=Burns%2C+R+J%3BConnolly%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum swainsonine concentration and alpha-mannosidase activity in cattle and sheep ingesting Oxytropis sericea and Astragalus lentiginosus (locoweeds). AN - 77213232; 7717575 AB - Serum alpha-mannosidase activity and swainsonine concentration were determined in 4 cattle and 15 sheep (3 groups of 5 each) that were administered ground locoweed (Oxytropis sericea or Astragalus lentiginosus) containing swainsonine at dosages of approximately 0.8 mg/kg of body weight/d (cows, 30 days each) and 0, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg/d (sheep, 11 days each). The cattle developed mild clinical signs of locoism, including signs of depression, lethargy, and slight intention tremors. Clinical signs of toxicosis were not observed in the sheep. Within 24 hours of initial treatment, serum alpha-mannosidase activity in cows and sheep, measured by the release of 4-methylumbelliferone from an artificial substrate, was markedly decreased to 28 and 40 mumol of 4-methylumbelliferone/L, respectively. Mean serum alpha-mannosidase activity of control cows and sheep was 400 +/- 94 and 422 +/- 42 (mean +/- SD), respectively. In the treated animals, decreased serum alpha-mannosidase activities returned to normal or higher activities within 6 days after treatment was discontinued. Using a jack bean alpha-mannosidase assay, increased swainsonine activity (153, 209, and 381 ng/ml, respectively) was detected in the serum of cattle and of sheep in the high- and low-dose groups within 24 hours after treatment with locoweed. Swainsonine concentration remained high, with mean concentrations of 204, 432, and 395 ng/ml (cows and 2 sheep groups, respectively) during the treatment period. After treatment, swainsonine was rapidly cleared, with estimated serum half-life of 16.4, 17.6, and 20.3 hours (cows, and high- and low-dose sheep groups, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Mannosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - alpha-Mannosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.24 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sheep KW - Female KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Swainsonine -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Swainsonine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mannosidases -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77213232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Serum+swainsonine+concentration+and+alpha-mannosidase+activity+in+cattle+and+sheep+ingesting+Oxytropis+sericea+and+Astragalus+lentiginosus+%28locoweeds%29.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data Analysis Using SAS AN - 61402246; 9504769 AB - Discusses SAS (acronym not defined) as a language & environment for statistical computing. The SAS system has developed over the past twenty years from being primarily a statistical package into providing a diversified system for managing & analyzing data. The feature of SAS most appropriate for statistical computing is the interactive matrix language, SAS/IML. IML is used to illustrate tasks such as M-estimation, bootstrapping, & kernel density estimation. An extensive collection of preprogrammed statistical procedures is available in SAS to carry out more standard statistical analyses, eg, generalized linear models or categorical modeling. 2 Figures, 6 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Sociological Methods and Research AU - Hallahan, Charlie AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 14th St & Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20250-0001 Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 373 EP - 391 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0049-1241, 0049-1241 KW - statistical computing language/environment, SAS system KW - Statistics KW - Research Methodology KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Computer Software KW - Quantitative Methods KW - article KW - 0188: methodology and research technology; computer methods, media, & applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61402246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Methods+and+Research&rft.atitle=Data+Analysis+Using+SAS&rft.au=Hallahan%2C+Charlie&rft.aulast=Hallahan&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociological+Methods+and+Research&rft.issn=00491241&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SMREDA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Statistics; Quantitative Methods; Computer Software; Research Methodology; Methodology (Data Analysis) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geoderma AN - 52258772; 2001-022162 JF - Geoderma AU - Berdanier, C R AU - Ross, S J AU - Grossman, R B Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 171 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 65 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - prediction KW - equations KW - pore water KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52258772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Geoderma&rft.au=Berdanier%2C+C+R%3BRoss%2C+S+J%3BGrossman%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Berdanier&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Geoderma, Vol. 49, 1991, pp. 77-81 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; pore water; prediction; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying soil variability in GIS applications; I, Estimates of position AN - 51060014; 1996-059866 JF - International Journal of Geographical Information Systems AU - Rogowski, A S Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 81 EP - 94 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0269-3798, 0269-3798 KW - United States KW - soils KW - geographic information systems KW - Northumberland County Pennsylvania KW - information systems KW - Pennsylvania KW - Mahantango Creek watershed KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51060014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Systems&rft.atitle=Quantifying+soil+variability+in+GIS+applications%3B+I%2C+Estimates+of+position&rft.au=Rogowski%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Rogowski&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Systems&rft.issn=02693798&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - field studies; geographic information systems; information systems; Mahantango Creek watershed; Northumberland County Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic chemicals in the environment AN - 50145173; 1995-037008 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gaston, L A AU - Locke, M A Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 29 EP - 36 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - fluometuron KW - sorption KW - diffusion KW - degradation KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - Vineland New Jersey KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - Kontes New Jersey KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - shallow aquifers KW - New Jersey KW - pesticides KW - chemical composition KW - kinetics KW - synthetic materials KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50145173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Organic+chemicals+in+the+environment&rft.au=Gaston%2C+L+A%3BLocke%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Gaston&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; chemical composition; degradation; diffusion; fluometuron; ground water; herbicides; kinetics; Kontes New Jersey; models; New Jersey; organic compounds; organic materials; pesticides; physical properties; pollution; shallow aquifers; soils; sorption; synthetic materials; transport; United States; Vineland New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissipation and distribution of herbicides in the soil profile AN - 50141083; 1995-037012 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Weed, D A J AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Stoltenberg, D E AU - Pfeiffer, R L Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 68 EP - 79 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - Iowa KW - triazines KW - alachlor KW - chemical properties KW - horizons KW - chemical composition KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - diffusion KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - Nashua Iowa KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - metribuzin KW - atrazine KW - tillage KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Dissipation+and+distribution+of+herbicides+in+the+soil+profile&rft.au=Weed%2C+D+A+J%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BStoltenberg%2C+D+E%3BPfeiffer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Weed&rft.aufirst=D+A&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alachlor; atrazine; chemical composition; chemical properties; degradation; diffusion; experimental studies; herbicides; horizons; Iowa; leaching; metribuzin; migration of elements; Nashua Iowa; organic compounds; pesticides; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; seasonal variations; soils; tillage; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating herbicide partition coefficients from electromagnetic induction measurements AN - 50138507; 1995-037009 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Jaynes, D B AU - Novak, J M AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cambardella, C A Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 36 EP - 41 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - Walnut Creek Iowa KW - herbicides KW - mapping KW - Iowa KW - spatial distribution KW - partitioning KW - triazines KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - conductivity KW - atrazine KW - carbon KW - pesticides KW - organic carbon KW - leaching KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50138507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Estimating+herbicide+partition+coefficients+from+electromagnetic+induction+measurements&rft.au=Jaynes%2C+D+B%3BNovak%2C+J+M%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCambardella%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Jaynes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; carbon; chemical composition; concentration; conductivity; detection; herbicides; Iowa; leaching; mapping; monitoring; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; partitioning; pesticides; physical properties; soils; spatial distribution; triazines; United States; Walnut Creek Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in raw beef by polymerase chain reaction AN - 15814121; 4000623 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed for direct detection of Clostridium perfringens strains with potential for food poisoning in raw beef samples. An oligonucleotide primer pair was used to amplify a 364 base pair sequence internal to the C. perfringens enterotoxin gene. One milliliter portions of the meat homogenates were inoculated into cooked meat medium (CMM) or reduced Fluid Thioglycollate (FTG) medium and incubated at 37 degree C. Portions sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h of enrichment were assayed for detection of the enterotoxin sequence by PCR. Amplification of the 364 bp sequence could be detected in 6 h by agarose gel electrophoresis and as early as 2 h by hybridization to a 150 bp digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probe. To increase the sensitivity of the detection assay a commercial chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction assay was compared with a nested PCR approach. Both methods allowed detection of less than 1 log sub(10) colony forming units (CFU)/g of C. perfringens strains harboring the enterotoxin gene, with no interference with the background microflora present in the raw ground beef. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Baez, LA AU - Juneja, V K AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118, USA Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - Feb 1995 SP - 154 EP - 159 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food KW - beef KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - enterotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15814121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+enterotoxigenic+Clostridium+perfringens+in+raw+beef+by+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Baez%2C+LA%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Baez&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; enterotoxins; polymerase chain reaction; beef; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ability of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J to lyse gram-negative food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria AN - 15809097; 4000624 AB - Bdellovibrios are a group of aerobic, predatory bacteria which attack, penetrate and grow in many species of gram-negative bacteria, causing the lysis of the invaded prey organism. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain 109J varied in its ability to lyse 32 bacterial strains comprising six genera of food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms. The reduction in the levels of the prey bacteria ranged from 0.1 to 7.7 log-values after 7 h of incubation at 30 degree C. Escherichia coli strain 2239-69 (pathogenic serotype 026:H11) was lysed most effectively at temperatures between 30 and 37 degree C, however, lysis also occurred at 12 and 19 degree C when the incubation period was extended to 24 h. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was effective in reducing the level of E. coli 2239-69 at pH 5.6 to 8.6. Increasing the Bdellovibrio: E. coli ratio resulted in a more rapid E. coli reduction. This study demonstrated the potential usefulness of bdellovibrios for the biological control of pathogenic and spoilage organisms in foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Whiting, R C AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118, USA Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - Feb 1995 SP - 160 EP - 164 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - biological control KW - Escherichia coli KW - Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Ability+of+Bdellovibrio+bacteriovorus+109J+to+lyse+gram-negative+food-borne+pathogenic+and+spoilage+bacteria&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus; Escherichia coli; biological control; preservation; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel stable isotope breath test: 13C-labeled glycosyl ureides used as noninvasive markers of intestinal transit time. AN - 85228454; pmid-7801958 AB - OBJECTIVES: Breath tests are widely used for diagnosis and control of treatment efficacy. There is a need for breath test substrates that reflect intestinal transit times under various conditions. METHODS: We synthesized a new class of breath test substrates, 13C-labeled glycosyl ureides, which are specific markers for the action of colonic microbial flora. We then investigated their usefulness as markers of intestinal transit time. RESULTS: Bolus ingestion of 1 g lactose or cellobiose 13C-ureide resulted in bacterial cleavage of the N-glycosyl bond and subsequent urea hydrolysis. 13CO2 appeared in breath and was determined by gas-isotope-ratio-mass spectrometry. Label first appeared after 5-6 h, peak excretion occurred between 8-14 h, and the signal returned to baseline after 18-24 h. Metoclopramide (10 mg) administered 1 h before the substrate advanced the onset of the signal by 2.4 +/- 1.95 h (mean +/- SD; n = 7; p < 0.05) and the time of peak response by 0.8 +/- 1.44 h. Loperamide (16 mg) broadened the peak and delayed the time of breath signal onset by 1.0 +/- 2.78 h and peak excretion by 4.0 +/- 3.7 h (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The glycosyl ureide breath test reflected intestinal transit time and rapid changes in gastrointestinal motility. This test should be useful in the diagnosis of a variety of gastrointestinal motility disorders and in the development of drugs that affect gastrointestinal motility. JF - The American Journal of Gastroenterology AU - Heine, W E AU - Berthold, H K AU - Klein, P D AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. PY - 1995 SP - 93 EP - 98 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Spectrum Analysis, Mass KW - Human KW - Urea KW - Loperamide KW - Glycosylation KW - Metoclopramide KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Adult KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Middle Age KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Gastrointestinal Transit KW - Female KW - Breath Tests KW - Carbon Dioxide UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85228454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=A+novel+stable+isotope+breath+test%3A+13C-labeled+glycosyl+ureides+used+as+noninvasive+markers+of+intestinal+transit+time.&rft.au=Heine%2C+W+E%3BBerthold%2C+H+K%3BKlein%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Heine&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Keeping food safe. AN - 77952982; 10343007 JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Post, R C AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 389 EP - 393 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Safety KW - Food Supply KW - Food Inspection -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77952982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Keeping+food+safe.&rft.au=Post%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: characterization and importance in the metabolic detoxification and selectivity of wheat herbicides. AN - 77919879; 8820860 AB - This review describes the important role and significance of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the metabolism, detoxification and selectivity of a broad spectrum of herbicides used for weed control in wheat and other cereals. Recent research on the isolation, characterization and reconstitution of induced microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases directly responsible for herbicide oxidation, selectivity and resistance in wheat is emphasized. Reported evidence for the selection of similar wheat-like cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the evolution of metabolism-based herbicide resistance in grassy weed populations is also presented. JF - Drug metabolism and drug interactions AU - Frear, D S AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, State University Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 329 EP - 357 VL - 12 IS - 3-4 SN - 0792-5077, 0792-5077 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Microsomes -- enzymology KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Triticum -- metabolism KW - Triticum -- enzymology KW - Microsomes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77919879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+drug+interactions&rft.atitle=Wheat+microsomal+cytochrome+P450+monooxygenases%3A+characterization+and+importance+in+the+metabolic+detoxification+and+selectivity+of+wheat+herbicides.&rft.au=Frear%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Frear&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+drug+interactions&rft.issn=07925077&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollen electrotransformation in tobacco. AN - 77778932; 8528425 JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) AU - Saunders, J A AU - Matthews, B F AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 55 SN - 1064-3745, 1064-3745 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Electroporation -- methods KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Tobacco -- physiology KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Pollen UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77778932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.atitle=Pollen+electrotransformation+in+tobacco.&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J+A%3BMatthews%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.issn=10643745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium in mammalian physiology and nutrition. AN - 77687225; 8564817 JF - Metal ions in biological systems AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 543 EP - 573 VL - 31 SN - 0161-5149, 0161-5149 KW - Vanadium KW - 00J9J9XKDE KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Biological Transport KW - Organ Specificity KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Vanadium -- physiology KW - Mammals -- blood KW - Vanadium -- deficiency KW - Vanadium -- adverse effects KW - Mammals -- physiology KW - Vanadium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vanadium -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77687225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metal+ions+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=Vanadium+in+mammalian+physiology+and+nutrition.&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Metal+ions+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=01615149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of fumonisins produced in Fusarium moniliforme cultures by HPLC with electrospray MS and evaporative light scattering detectors. AN - 77642965; 7582632 AB - A variety of toxic secondary metabolites including fumonisins, can be produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme and closely related species in section Liseola in large amounts (g/kg in laboratory cultures). Underivatized fumonisins were detected by HPLC using either an evaporative light scattering detector or electrospray MS. Electrospray MS used together with NMR and GC/MS was used to identify a new fumonisin, fumonisin C4, which corresponds in structure to fumonisin B4 with the C-1 terminal methyl group missing. Several novel strains of F. moniliforme mating population A were identified that produced little or no fumonisin B1, but large amounts of either fumonisin B2, or B3 together with fumonisin B4 and C4. These strains which do not produce fumonisin B1 should prove useful in purification of fumonisin B2, B3, C4, and B4 for toxicology studies. JF - Natural toxins AU - Plattner, R D AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 294 EP - 8; discussion 317 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Scattering, Radiation KW - Light KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77642965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Detection+of+fumonisins+produced+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+cultures+by+HPLC+with+electrospray+MS+and+evaporative+light+scattering+detectors.&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel glass fiber disc culture system for testing of small amounts of compounds on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. AN - 77491695; 7659139 AB - A new method for growing Aspergillus flavus for experimental studies is presented. The system consists of a humidified vial with a thick septum pierced by a pin on which a glass fiber disc is affixed. The disc contains the test solution and inoculum plus medium. The method has been used to assess the effect of variations in culture conditions on production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The AFB1 level was affected by the amount of medium placed on the disc and type of disc material. The results for different types of glass fiber and quartz discs were compared with AFB1 produced by fungus grown in liquid medium or on paper discs. When compared to a liquid medium culture there was a 15 to 20-fold increase in AFB1 for one type of disc. Incubations with less than 14 microliters of medium gave satisfactory results. A crude phosphatidylcholine preparation at a concentration of 0.7% of the medium resulted in a 4-fold increase in AFB1. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Norton, R A AD - USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 103 EP - 109 VL - 129 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - 0 KW - fiberglass KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Glass KW - Phosphatidylcholines -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Microbiological Techniques KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77491695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=A+novel+glass+fiber+disc+culture+system+for+testing+of+small+amounts+of+compounds+on+growth+and+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Norton%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic interaction of fumonisin B1 and fusaric acid measured by injection into fertile chicken egg. AN - 77405943; 7617015 AB - Toxic interactions of fusaric acid and fumonisin B1, two mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, were studied in the chicken embryo. The yolk sacs of fertile White Leghorn eggs were injected before incubation with separate and combined solutions of either fusaric acid and or fumonisin B1. The toxins were administered in either a sterile 10 mM buffered phosphate solution, pH 6.90, which produced a final pH of 6.6 +/- 0.2, or sterile distilled water. Toxicity was based on absence of egg pip at the end of the 21-day incubation period. Toxins administered in the phosphate buffer solution were more toxic than those administered in distilled water. When both toxins were combined in equal concentrations and injected into eggs, increased toxicity resulted. Fusaric acid was shown to be a mild toxin to the eggs and when a relatively nontoxic concentration of it was combined with graded doses of fumonisin B1, a synergistic toxic response was obtained. Fusaric acid is only moderately toxic to the chicken egg, however its co-occurrence with other fusaria toxins found on corn and other cereals might present possible antagonisms or synergisms. The results of this egg model suggest that fusaric acid might play a role in enhanced and unpredicted toxicity in mammalian systems if it is consumed with other mycotoxins. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Bacon, C W AU - Porter, J K AU - Norred, W P AD - USDA/ARS, Russell Research Center, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 29 EP - 35 VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Phosphates KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - sodium phosphate KW - SE337SVY37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chick Embryo KW - Drug Synergism KW - Fusaric Acid -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77405943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Toxic+interaction+of+fumonisin+B1+and+fusaric+acid+measured+by+injection+into+fertile+chicken+egg.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BPorter%2C+J+K%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endocrine responses in cows fed Ponderosa pine needles and the effects of stress, corpus luteum regression, progestin, and ketoprofen. AN - 77396958; 7601734 AB - Pregnant cows were fed pine needles (PN, 2 kg.cow-1.d-1) mixed with the diet to determine factors that affect abortion response. In Exp. 1, treatments were used to determine the effects of experimental stress and pelleting of pine needles. Pelleting needles and experimental stress delayed abortion response (P < .01). Stress-induced delay was associated with abnormal patterns of progesterone and cortisol (P < .01). In Exp. 2A and 2B, the role of the corpus luteum (CL) in abortion response to PN consumption was investigated by regressing the CL with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Regression of the CL and PN feeding reduced interval to parturition, but the effect of PN feeding was less when the CL was regressed (PN x CL, P < .01). The progesterone increase in response to experimental stress was decreased by CL regression (P < .01). In Exp. 3, melengestrol acetate (MGA) was fed (0, 2, or 4 mg.cow-1.d-1) in addition to PN. Parturition was blocked more effectively as dose of MGA increased (P = .075), but only parturition was blocked rather than the effects of PN. In Exp. 4, CL regression was blocked by feeding ketoprofen. Ketoprofen delayed response to PN, but the effect was only temporary (P < .01). Our conclusions are that 1) experimental stress delays abortion response to PN by increased concentrations of progesterone, 2) pelleting PN decreases their abortifacient activity, and 3) abortions caused by PN can be blocked by feeding a progestin or a prostaglandin inhibitor, but these compounds do not block the primary abortifacient effects of PN. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Short, R E AU - Staigmiller, R B AU - Bellows, R A AU - Ford, S P AD - Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 198 EP - 205 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Progestins KW - 0 KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Melengestrol Acetate KW - 4W5HDS3936 KW - Ketoprofen KW - 90Y4QC304K KW - Dinoprost KW - B7IN85G1HY KW - Hydrocortisone KW - WI4X0X7BPJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Labor, Obstetric -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Melengestrol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Trees KW - Dinoprost -- pharmacology KW - Hydrocortisone -- blood KW - Pregnancy KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Cattle KW - Melengestrol Acetate -- administration & dosage KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Plant Leaves KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- prevention & control KW - Diet KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Female KW - Stress, Physiological -- complications KW - Luteolysis -- physiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- metabolism KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Progestins -- pharmacology KW - Cattle Diseases -- metabolism KW - Cattle Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Stress, Physiological -- veterinary KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications KW - Ketoprofen -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77396958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Endocrine+responses+in+cows+fed+Ponderosa+pine+needles+and+the+effects+of+stress%2C+corpus+luteum+regression%2C+progestin%2C+and+ketoprofen.&rft.au=Short%2C+R+E%3BStaigmiller%2C+R+B%3BBellows%2C+R+A%3BFord%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic feeding study of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 in B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats. AN - 77209956; 7713333 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, a common fungus which occurs naturally on corn, and other Fusarium species. FB1 and other fumonisins are now recognized as having potentially important animal and human health implications. However, few toxicological data are currently available. Male and female B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, or 81 ppm FB1 (> or = 98% purity) for 13 weeks. No differences in behavior or appearance, body weight or food consumption between control and FB1-fed groups were found. In mice, hepatopathy and altered serum chemical profiles indicative of hepatotoxicity were found in females fed the 81 ppm diet. No adverse effects were found in female mice fed or = 9 ppm and, to a lesser degree, in females fed 81 ppm FB1, while decreased kidney weight was found in both sexes at dietary levels > or = 9 ppm FB1. Although the liver is a target organ of FB1 in rats, hepatotoxicity was not found in rats fed diets containing up to 81 ppm FB1 for 90 days. Thus, FB1 was toxic to both species following subchronic oral exposure, although significant interspecies differences in the no observed effect levels and organ-specific responses were found. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Voss, K A AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Herbert, R A AU - Walters, D B AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 102 EP - 110 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Adrenal Glands -- drug effects KW - Adrenal Glands -- pathology KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Liver Diseases -- blood KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77209956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+feeding+study+of+the+mycotoxin+fumonisin+B1+in+B6C3F1+mice+and+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Voss%2C+K+A%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BHerbert%2C+R+A%3BWalters%2C+D+B%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic analysis of fumonisin production and virulence of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (Fusarium moniliforme) on maize (Zea mays) seedlings. AN - 77173414; 7887628 AB - The phytopathogenic fungus Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (anamorph, Fusarium moniliforme) produces fumonisins, which are toxic to a wide range of plant and animal species. Previous studies of field strains have identified a genetic locus, designated fum1, that can determine whether fumonisins are produced. To test the relationship between fumonisin production and virulence on maize seedlings, a cross between a fum1+ field strain that had a high degree of virulence and a fum1- field strain that had a low degree of virulence was made, and ascospore progeny were scored for these traits. Although a range of virulence levels was recovered among the progeny, high levels of virulence were associated with production of fumonisins, and highly virulent, fumonisin-nonproducing progeny were not obtained. A survey of field strains did identify a rare fumonisin-nonproducing strain that was quite high in virulence. Also, the addition of purified fumonisin B1 to virulence assays did not replicate all of the seedling blight symptoms obtained with autoclaved culture material containing fumonisin. These results support the hypothesis that fumonisin plays a role in virulence but also indicate that fumonisin production is not necessary or sufficient for virulence on maize seedlings. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Nelsen, T C AU - Leslie, J F AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 79 EP - 86 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fum1 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Mutation KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- isolation & purification KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77173414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+of+fumonisin+production+and+virulence+of+Gibberella+fujikuroi+mating+population+A+%28Fusarium+moniliforme%29+on+maize+%28Zea+mays%29+seedlings.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BNelsen%2C+T+C%3BLeslie%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - fum1 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1991 Feb;23(1):83-104 [2010436] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2410-2 [1768112] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):37-45 [1513373] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):2799-805 [1444389] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):29-36 [1513371] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative genotoxic activities of pesticides evaluated by a modified SOS microplate assay. AN - 77156254; 7875128 AB - The genotoxic activities of 47 pesticides were determined using a modified SOS microplate assay in which the induction of beta-galactosidase in E. coli PQ37 was used as a quantitative measure of genotoxic activity. The results were compared with those obtained with anethole, curcumin, and capsaicin, a few examples of naturally occurring compounds present in foods. The assays were conducted with pesticides dissolved either in a suitable solvent, such as 10% DMSO in physiological saline or dispersed in sodium taurocholate micelles, to simulate conditions in the small intestine from where these substances are normally absorbed from the diet. 4-Nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) served as the reference standard of a direct acting mutagen. In micellar form, 4-NQO and 25 of the 47 pesticides tested showed significantly higher genotoxic activities than when they were tested in an organic solvent. In micellar form the SOS inducing potency of 4-NQO was almost twice as high as in 10% DMSO in physiological saline. In taurocholate micelles, the five most active compounds had activities in the range of 1,234-3,765 units/mumol and in the order of decreasing activities they were ranked as follows: malathion > dichlorvos > lindane > chlordane > endrin. They were significantly less active than 4-NQO (less than 40%). In micellar solution the naturally occurring compounds, anethole, curcumin, and capsaicin gave activities of 4,594, 928, and 809 units/mumol, respectively. These studies show that genotoxicity may depend upon the environment in which cells are exposed to these potential genotoxins. It appears that testing of the more hydrophobic compounds, both synthetic and naturally occurring, are needed. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Venkat, J A AU - Shami, S AU - Davis, K AU - Nayak, M AU - Plimmer, J R AU - Pfeil, R AU - Nair, P P AD - Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 67 EP - 76 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Micelles KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - SOS Response (Genetics) KW - DNA Damage KW - Escherichia coli KW - beta-Galactosidase -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77156254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Relative+genotoxic+activities+of+pesticides+evaluated+by+a+modified+SOS+microplate+assay.&rft.au=Venkat%2C+J+A%3BShami%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+K%3BNayak%2C+M%3BPlimmer%2C+J+R%3BPfeil%2C+R%3BNair%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Venkat&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rural Migration and the Spatial Concentration of Poverty T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61726103; 95S31664 AB - Poverty rates in low-poverty & high-poverty rural counties -- &, thus, the spatial concentration of poverty -- may be affected by poverty-specific differences in out- & inmigration patterns. These patterns are investigated using 1985-1990 county-to-county migration data from the decennial census. Effects on poverty rates of the four migration flows (in- & outmigration of poor & of nonpoor) are quantified, & their impacts on spatial concentration of poverty assessed. Migration patterns are found generally to maintain & reinforce preexisting spatial concentration of poverty. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Nord, Mark C Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 KW - spatial concentration of poverty KW - rural in-/outmigration KW - 1985-1990 KW - census data KW - Migration Patterns KW - Spatial Analysis KW - Rural Poverty KW - Internal Migration KW - proceeding KW - 2757: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) KW - 1116: studies in poverty; studies in poverty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61726103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Rural+Migration+and+the+Spatial+Concentration+of+Poverty&rft.au=Nord%2C+Mark+C&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1995 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Wildland/Urban Interface Experience: The San Mateo Canyon Wilderness T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61725573; 95S31384 AB - A study of wilderness recreation use in the Cleveland National Forest in southern CA was implemented in 1993/94 on the San Mateo Canyon Wilderness (SMCW). The San Mateo Canyon is surrounded by millions of urban residents in Orange, Riverside, & San Bernardino counties. The objectives were to find out who currently uses the SMCW, why they recreate there, levels of knowledge about wilderness, & how much trespass occurs. A survey of 213 people approached at trailheads finds that, even though the SMCW is surrounded by an ethnically & racially diverse urban population, there is little ethnic & racial diversity found among the sampled users of the SMCW. Many sampled were return visitors. The SMCW is primarily a day use recreational experience; used for day hiking, sightseeing, wildlife observation, & picnicking. Most of the users sampled knew that it was a federally designed wilderness & most knew that motorized use is prohibited in federally designated wilderness. However, trespass is problematic. It is concluded that surrounding urban community members do not have much information about the SMCW. Few use it, & some of those who do use it do so inappropriately. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Chavez, Deborah J Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 KW - wilderness recreation use, Cleveland National Forest, southern California KW - 1993/94 survey data KW - visitors, San Mateo Canyon KW - Land Use KW - California KW - Recreation KW - Parks KW - Forestry KW - proceeding KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61725573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Wildland%2FUrban+Interface+Experience%3A+The+San+Mateo+Canyon+Wilderness&rft.au=Chavez%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1995 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Inequality Process and the Inverted U Pattern in the Gini Ratio T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61707871; 95S31318 AB - The inequality process (IP), abstracted from the surplus theory of social stratification, implies that income is distributed as a gamma probability density function (PDF), a good empirical model. The IP implies that people with more human capital will have a distribution fitted by a gamma PDF with a larger shape parameter than that of people with less. In fact, the income distribution of the more educated in industrial populations is fitted by a gamma PDF with a larger shape parameter than that of the less educated. That means that the income distribution of a whole population is a gamma shape mixture, a weighted sum of gamma PDFs with different shapes. The Gini concentration ratio (G) of such a mixture is bigger than the weighted average of the G's of the component gamma PDFs. Under certain conditions, the G of the mixture will approximate the weighted average of the G's of the component distributions. These conditions are not met during the industrialization of an agrarian society, allowing the G of the mixture to surge upward. G is a decreasing function of the shape parameter. So the IP implies that G has decreased over the course of technological evolution with a transient increase during the industrialization of an agrarian society, a pattern like Kuznets's inverted u pattern. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Angle, John AU - Nielsen, Francois Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 KW - inequality process, income distribution, Gini concentration ratio KW - Empirical Methods KW - Social Stratification KW - Ratios KW - Social Inequality KW - Income Distribution KW - proceeding KW - 1019: social differentiation; social stratification/mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61707871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Inequality+Process+and+the+Inverted+U+Pattern+in+the+Gini+Ratio&rft.au=Angle%2C+John%3BNielsen%2C+Francois&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1995 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The risk of earthen dam failure due to earthquakes AN - 52829499; 1996-053934 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - White, Robin S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 95 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 38, abstract volume SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - failures KW - earth dams KW - geologic hazards KW - seismic risk KW - dams KW - risk assessment KW - gravity dams KW - earthquakes KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52829499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=The+risk+of+earthen+dam+failure+due+to+earthquakes&rft.au=White%2C+Robin+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38%2C+abstract+volume&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AEG-GRA 1995 annual meeting; Diversity in engineering geology and groundwater resources N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dams; earth dams; earthquakes; failures; geologic hazards; gravity dams; risk assessment; seismic risk ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electronic spreadsheet templates for seismic design criteria AN - 52829355; 1996-053933 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - White, Robin S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 94 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 38, abstract volume SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - geologic hazards KW - spreadsheets KW - aseismic design KW - earthquakes KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52829355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Electronic+spreadsheet+templates+for+seismic+design+criteria&rft.au=White%2C+Robin+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38%2C+abstract+volume&rft.issue=&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AEG-GRA 1995 annual meeting; Diversity in engineering geology and groundwater resources N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aseismic design; earthquakes; geologic hazards; spreadsheets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of soil information to determine application of ground penetrating radar AN - 52825138; 1996-049465 AB - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been used as a pedologic tool in the United States since 1978. The National Cooperative Soil Survey Program has used GPR to assess properties of soils which affect their use, management, and classification. Principal uses have been to estimate the variability and taxonomic composition of soils, chart the lateral extent, and estimate the depth and thickness of soil horizons and geologic layers and to map and interpret soils. All soils are not equally suited to GPR techniques. Soil maps and taxonomic descriptions contained in published soil survey reports can be used to assess the suitability of soils and sites for GPR applications. In addition, the criteria used to define and classify the soil can be used to aid interpretations of radar imagery. JF - Journal of Applied Geophysics AU - Doolittle, James A AU - Collins, Mary E A2 - Owen, T. E. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 101 EP - 108 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 33 IS - 1-3 SN - 0926-9851, 0926-9851 KW - soils KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - classification KW - geophysical methods KW - electromagnetic methods KW - composition KW - radar methods KW - mapping KW - soil management KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Use+of+soil+information+to+determine+application+of+ground+penetrating+radar&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+James+A%3BCollins%2C+Mary+E&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Geophysics&rft.issn=09269851&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09269851 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; composition; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; ground-penetrating radar; mapping; radar methods; soil management; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact on Washington fields irrigation structures AN - 52824181; 1996-053608 JF - Circular - Utah Geological Survey AU - Rasely, Robert C AU - Christenson, Gary E Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 35 EP - 37 PB - Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, UT KW - United States KW - embankments KW - canals KW - Washington Fields diversion dam KW - effects KW - seismic response KW - liquefaction KW - irrigation KW - Washington County Utah KW - dams KW - Utah KW - earthquakes KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52824181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circular+-+Utah+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Impact+on+Washington+fields+irrigation+structures&rft.au=Rasely%2C+Robert+C%3BChristenson%2C+Gary+E&rft.aulast=Rasely&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=1557913676&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Circular+-+Utah+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Availability - Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, UT, United States N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04120 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - canals; dams; earthquakes; effects; embankments; irrigation; liquefaction; seismic response; United States; Utah; Washington County Utah; Washington Fields diversion dam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonpoint-source pollution issues; January 1990-November 1994 AN - 52672838; 1997-071043 JF - Quick Bibliography Series AU - Makuch, Joe Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 51 PB - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD SN - 1052-5378, 1052-5378 KW - soils KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - bibliography KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52672838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Makuch%2C+Joe&rft.aulast=Makuch&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Nonpoint-source+pollution+issues%3B+January+1990-November+1994&rft.title=Nonpoint-source+pollution+issues%3B+January+1990-November+1994&rft.issn=10525378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; bibliography; data bases; data processing; ground water; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; soils; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological indicators of soil acidification for monitoring regional forest health AN - 52506796; 1999-022972 JF - International Conference on Acidic Precipitation. Abstract Book AU - van Remortel, R D AU - Hudson, B D AU - Palmer, C J AU - Alexander, S A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 146 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 5 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - characterization KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - variations KW - ecology KW - Southeastern U.S. KW - geochemistry KW - depletion KW - rain KW - pH KW - soils KW - forests KW - monitoring KW - agriculture KW - Eastern U.S. KW - indicators KW - acid rain KW - organic compounds KW - acidification KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - land use KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52506796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Acidic+Precipitation.+Abstract+Book&rft.atitle=Ecological+indicators+of+soil+acidification+for+monitoring+regional+forest+health&rft.au=van+Remortel%2C+R+D%3BHudson%2C+B+D%3BPalmer%2C+C+J%3BAlexander%2C+S+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=van+Remortel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Acidic+Precipitation.+Abstract+Book&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Acid reign '95; 5th international conference on Acidic deposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04898 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; acidification; agriculture; atmospheric precipitation; characterization; degradation; depletion; Eastern U.S.; ecology; environmental analysis; environmental effects; forests; geochemistry; indicators; land use; monitoring; organic compounds; permeability; pH; pore water; rain; soils; Southeastern U.S.; United States; variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium status of the forest floor in red spruce forests of the Northeastern U.S.; past, present and future AN - 52506250; 1999-022966 JF - International Conference on Acidic Precipitation. Abstract Book AU - David, M B AU - Lawrence, G B AU - Shortle, W C AU - Bailey, S W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 134 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 5 KW - United States KW - calcium KW - Spermatophyta KW - Coniferales KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - mineral composition KW - Picea KW - horizons KW - geochemistry KW - rain KW - forests KW - concentration KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Plantae KW - Gymnospermae KW - Eastern U.S. KW - weathering KW - Northeastern U.S. KW - acid rain KW - metals KW - acidification KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52506250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Acidic+Precipitation.+Abstract+Book&rft.atitle=Calcium+status+of+the+forest+floor+in+red+spruce+forests+of+the+Northeastern+U.S.%3B+past%2C+present+and+future&rft.au=David%2C+M+B%3BLawrence%2C+G+B%3BShortle%2C+W+C%3BBailey%2C+S+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Acidic+Precipitation.+Abstract+Book&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Acid reign '95; 5th international conference on Acidic deposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04898 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; acidification; alkaline earth metals; atmospheric precipitation; calcium; concentration; Coniferales; Eastern U.S.; environmental analysis; environmental effects; forests; geochemistry; Gymnospermae; horizons; metals; mineral composition; Northeastern U.S.; Picea; Plantae; rain; Spermatophyta; United States; vegetation; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using electromagnetic induction techniques to assess potential hydrogeologic hazards in karst terrains AN - 52226677; 2001-042361 JF - Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Geologica AU - Iivari, T A AU - Doolittle, J A AU - Indorante, S J A2 - Krasny, Jiri A2 - Mls, Jiri Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 73 EP - 82 PB - Univerzita Karlova, Prague VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0001-7132, 0001-7132 KW - United States KW - monitoring KW - Illinois KW - geophysical surveys KW - geologic hazards KW - karst hydrology KW - geophysical methods KW - mathematical models KW - hydrochemistry KW - ground water KW - electromagnetic methods KW - surveys KW - water regimes KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52226677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Universitatis+Carolinae.+Geologica&rft.atitle=Using+electromagnetic+induction+techniques+to+assess+potential+hydrogeologic+hazards+in+karst+terrains&rft.au=Iivari%2C+T+A%3BDoolittle%2C+J+A%3BIndorante%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Iivari&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Universitatis+Carolinae.+Geologica&rft.issn=00017132&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Groundwater quality; remediation and protection N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by GEOFOND, Prague, Czech Republic N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AUCGAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - electromagnetic methods; geochemistry; geologic hazards; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; ground water; hydrochemistry; Illinois; karst hydrology; mathematical models; monitoring; surveys; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putrescine; a marker of stress in red spruce trees AN - 52016796; 2003-019678 JF - General Technical Report NE AU - Minocha, Rakesh AU - Shortle, Walter C AU - Lawrence, Gregory B AU - David, Mark B AU - Minocha, Subhash C A2 - Hom, John A2 - Birdsey, Richard A2 - O'Brian, Kelly Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 119 EP - 130 PB - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Broomall, PA SN - 0748-1314, 0748-1314 KW - soils KW - processes KW - forests KW - pollutants KW - stress KW - pollution KW - biomarkers KW - putrescine KW - toxicity KW - trees KW - acidic composition KW - ecology KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52016796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+Technical+Report+NE&rft.atitle=Putrescine%3B+a+marker+of+stress+in+red+spruce+trees&rft.au=Minocha%2C+Rakesh%3BShortle%2C+Walter+C%3BLawrence%2C+Gregory+B%3BDavid%2C+Mark+B%3BMinocha%2C+Subhash+C&rft.aulast=Minocha&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+Technical+Report+NE&rft.issn=07481314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Meeting of the Northern Global Change Program N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidic composition; biomarkers; ecology; forests; geochemistry; pollutants; pollution; processes; putrescine; soils; stress; toxicity; trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deterministic assessment of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEAs) AN - 51063948; 1995-052788 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Rebich, Richard A AU - Schreiber, J D AU - Pote, J W A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 16 EP - 23 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 25 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - organochlorine pesticides KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - transport KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Mississippi River KW - Louisiana KW - soils KW - insecticides KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - Mississippi Delta KW - Mississippi KW - pollution KW - Sunflower County Mississippi KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - DDT KW - risk assessment KW - pesticides KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51063948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Deterministic+assessment+of+agricultural+nonpoint+source+pollution+in+Mississippi+Delta+Management+Systems+Evaluation+Areas+%28MSEAs%29&rft.au=Rebich%2C+Richard+A%3BSchreiber%2C+J+D%3BPote%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Rebich&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-fifth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; DDT; detection; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; herbicides; insecticides; Louisiana; Mississippi; Mississippi Delta; Mississippi River; nonpoint sources; organic compounds; organochlorine pesticides; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; risk assessment; soils; Sunflower County Mississippi; transport; United States; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental fate and the effects of herbicides in forest, chaparral, and range ecosystems of the Southwest AN - 51058771; 1997-011930 JF - Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest AU - Michael, J L AU - Neary, Daniel G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 69 EP - 75 PB - [publisher unknown] VL - 22-25 SN - 0272-6106, 0272-6106 KW - United States KW - forests KW - fires KW - water yield KW - herbicides KW - watersheds KW - ecosystems KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - vegetation KW - Southwestern U.S. KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51058771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+in+Arizona+and+the+Southwest&rft.atitle=Environmental+fate+and+the+effects+of+herbicides+in+forest%2C+chaparral%2C+and+range+ecosystems+of+the+Southwest&rft.au=Michael%2C+J+L%3BNeary%2C+Daniel+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22-25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+in+Arizona+and+the+Southwest&rft.issn=02726106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 meetings of the American Water Resource Association, Arizona Section and the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, Hydrology Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - 34ZUAI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; ecosystems; fires; forests; herbicides; pesticides; Southwestern U.S.; United States; vegetation; water yield; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fire on water resources; a review AN - 51058730; 1997-011928 JF - Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest AU - Neary, Daniel G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 45 EP - 53 PB - [publisher unknown] VL - 22-25 SN - 0272-6106, 0272-6106 KW - fires KW - water quality KW - infiltration KW - movement KW - watersheds KW - percolation KW - ecosystems KW - ecology KW - discharge KW - water resources KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51058730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+in+Arizona+and+the+Southwest&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fire+on+water+resources%3B+a+review&rft.au=Neary%2C+Daniel+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Neary&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22-25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+in+Arizona+and+the+Southwest&rft.issn=02726106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 meetings of the American Water Resource Association, Arizona Section and the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, Hydrology Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - 34ZUAI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - discharge; ecology; ecosystems; fires; infiltration; movement; percolation; water quality; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tectonic setting of greenstones from the Gravina Belt and the Taku Terrane, Ketchikan Quadrangle, SE Alaska AN - 50930823; 1997-071528 JF - Program with Abstracts - Geological Association of Canada; Mineralogical Association of Canada: Joint Annual Meeting AU - de Leeuw, Jennette C AU - Crawford, William A AU - Crawford, M L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 58 PB - Geological Association of Canada, Waterloo, ON VL - 20 SN - 0701-8738, 0701-8738 KW - United States KW - Taku Terrane KW - Gravina Belt KW - greenstone KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - schists KW - metamorphic rocks KW - Alaska KW - mineral assemblages KW - Ketchikan Quadrangle KW - geochemistry KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50930823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+with+Abstracts+-+Geological+Association+of+Canada%3B+Mineralogical+Association+of+Canada%3A+Joint+Annual+Meeting&rft.atitle=Tectonic+setting+of+greenstones+from+the+Gravina+Belt+and+the+Taku+Terrane%2C+Ketchikan+Quadrangle%2C+SE+Alaska&rft.au=de+Leeuw%2C+Jennette+C%3BCrawford%2C+William+A%3BCrawford%2C+M+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=de+Leeuw&rft.aufirst=Jennette&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+with+Abstracts+-+Geological+Association+of+Canada%3B+Mineralogical+Association+of+Canada%3A+Joint+Annual+Meeting&rft.issn=07018738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - GAC/MAC annual meeting--AGC/AMC reunion annuelle N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - ON N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PAACD6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; geochemistry; Gravina Belt; greenstone; Ketchikan Quadrangle; metamorphic rocks; mineral assemblages; schists; Southeastern Alaska; Taku Terrane; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplement to the Desert Project Guidebook, with emphasis on soil micromorphology AN - 50913856; 2000-054591 JF - Bulletin - New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources AU - Gile, L H AU - Hawley, J W AU - Grossman, R B AU - Monger, H C AU - Montoya, C E AU - Mack, G H Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 96 PB - New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM SN - 0096-4581, 0096-4581 KW - United States KW - eolian features KW - guidebook KW - Dona Ana County New Mexico KW - New Mexico KW - thin sections KW - Haplocalcids KW - deserts KW - Cenozoic KW - Petroargids KW - Entisols KW - horizons KW - Desert Project KW - soils KW - Petrocalcids KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - Quaternary KW - micromorphology KW - pedons KW - Aridisols KW - Camp Rice Formation KW - Palomas Formation KW - Calciargids KW - petrography KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50913856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gile%2C+L+H%3BHawley%2C+J+W%3BGrossman%2C+R+B%3BMonger%2C+H+C%3BMontoya%2C+C+E%3BMack%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Gile&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Supplement+to+the+Desert+Project+Guidebook%2C+with+emphasis+on+soil+micromorphology&rft.title=Supplement+to+the+Desert+Project+Guidebook%2C+with+emphasis+on+soil+micromorphology&rft.issn=00964581&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 25 plates, 8 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix; for reference to original monograph, see Gile, L. H., et al., Guidebook to the Desert Project, New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 39, 1981 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NEXBAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aridisols; Calciargids; Camp Rice Formation; Cenozoic; Desert Project; deserts; Dona Ana County New Mexico; Entisols; eolian features; guidebook; Haplocalcids; horizons; micromorphology; New Mexico; Palomas Formation; pedogenesis; pedons; Petroargids; Petrocalcids; petrography; Quaternary; soil profiles; soils; thin sections; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling multiple solute transport in variably saturated soils AN - 50131331; 1995-056179 JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Simunek, Jiri AU - van Genuchten, Martinus T AU - Suarez, Donald L A2 - Kovar, K. A2 - Krasny, J. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 311 EP - 318 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 225 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - dispersivity KW - agricultural waste KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - complexing KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - mathematical models KW - chemical waste KW - equilibrium KW - models KW - industrial waste KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - kinetics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50131331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Modelling+multiple+solute+transport+in+variably+saturated+soils&rft.au=Simunek%2C+Jiri%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+T%3BSuarez%2C+Donald+L&rft.aulast=Simunek&rft.aufirst=Jiri&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=225&rft.issue=&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International conference on Groundwater quality; remediation and protection (GQ'95) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; chemical waste; complexing; dispersivity; equilibrium; industrial waste; kinetics; mathematical models; models; pesticides; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; porous materials; soils; solute transport; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne laser altimeter measurements of landscape surfaces; applications to hydrology research AN - 50128697; 1995-055458 JF - ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention & Exposition Technical Papers AU - Ritchie, Jerry C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 639 EP - 648 PB - American Congress on Surveying and Mapping & American Society for Photogrammetry, Bethesda, MD VL - 1995, Vol.3 KW - hydrology KW - topography KW - technology KW - patterns KW - applications KW - landscapes KW - remote sensing KW - relief KW - airborne methods KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50128697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACSM%2FASPRS+Annual+Convention+%26+Exposition+Technical+Papers&rft.atitle=Airborne+laser+altimeter+measurements+of+landscape+surfaces%3B+applications+to+hydrology+research&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+Jerry+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1995%2C+Vol.3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACSM%2FASPRS+Annual+Convention+%26+Exposition+Technical+Papers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ACSM/ASPRS annual convention & exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - ASCM 55th annual convention and ASPRS 61st annual convention N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03966 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; applications; hydrology; landscapes; patterns; relief; remote sensing; technology; topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide transport research at the NSL; past, present, future AN - 50124733; 1995-052789 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Smith, Sammie, Jr AU - Cooper, C M AU - Knight, S S AU - Willis, G H AU - Southwick, L M A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 24 EP - 29 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 25 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - sedimentation KW - government agencies KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - research KW - National Sedimentation Laboratory KW - laboratory studies KW - physical properties KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - runoff KW - pesticides KW - review KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50124733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Pesticide+transport+research+at+the+NSL%3B+past%2C+present%2C+future&rft.au=Smith%2C+Sammie%2C+Jr%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Sammie&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-fifth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; experimental studies; government agencies; laboratory studies; migration of elements; National Sedimentation Laboratory; pesticides; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; research; review; runoff; sedimentation; soils; solute transport; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlled water-table depth to improve water quality AN - 50123238; 1995-052795 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Willis, Guye H AU - Southwick, Lloyd M AU - Fouss, James L AU - Rogers, James S AU - Carter, Cade E A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 113 EP - 119 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 25 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Mississippi Valley KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - agrochemicals KW - water use KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - rainfall KW - herbicides KW - Mississippi KW - pollution KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - recharge KW - organic compounds KW - alluvium aquifers KW - atrazine KW - runoff KW - shallow aquifers KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50123238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Controlled+water-table+depth+to+improve+water+quality&rft.au=Willis%2C+Guye+H%3BSouthwick%2C+Lloyd+M%3BFouss%2C+James+L%3BRogers%2C+James+S%3BCarter%2C+Cade+E&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Guye&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-fifth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; alluvium aquifers; aquifers; atrazine; ground water; Gulf Coastal Plain; herbicides; Mississippi; Mississippi Valley; monitoring; organic compounds; pesticides; pollution; rainfall; recharge; runoff; seepage; shallow aquifers; soils; triazines; United States; water quality; water table; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to Mississippi AN - 50121630; 1995-052793 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - McGregor, Keith C AU - Foster, G R AU - Mutchler, C K AU - Golden, J L A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 94 EP - 100 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 25 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - soils KW - climatic controls KW - monitoring KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Mississippi KW - Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - preventive measures KW - physical properties KW - interactive techniques KW - erosion control KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - slope stability KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50121630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Application+of+Revised+Universal+Soil+Loss+Equation+%28RUSLE%29+to+Mississippi&rft.au=McGregor%2C+Keith+C%3BFoster%2C+G+R%3BMutchler%2C+C+K%3BGolden%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-fifth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climatic controls; erodibility; erosion; erosion control; interactive techniques; land use; Mississippi; monitoring; physical properties; preventive measures; Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation; slope stability; soil erosion; soil management; soils; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operation of water table control system for water quality improvement AN - 50121107; 1995-052794 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Fouss, James L AU - Rogers, James S AU - Willis, Guye H AU - Southwick, Lloyd M AU - Carter, Cade E A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 101 EP - 106 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 25 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - water use KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Mississippi Valley KW - rainfall KW - Mississippi KW - pollution KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - recharge KW - alluvium aquifers KW - agrochemicals KW - runoff KW - shallow aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50121107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Operation+of+water+table+control+system+for+water+quality+improvement&rft.au=Fouss%2C+James+L%3BRogers%2C+James+S%3BWillis%2C+Guye+H%3BSouthwick%2C+Lloyd+M%3BCarter%2C+Cade+E&rft.aulast=Fouss&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-fifth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; alluvium aquifers; aquifers; ground water; Gulf Coastal Plain; Mississippi; Mississippi Valley; monitoring; pollution; rainfall; recharge; runoff; seepage; shallow aquifers; soils; United States; water quality; water table; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and monitoring needs for the implementation of the USDA water quality HUA program; the Beaver Creek watershed project AN - 50090878; 1995-071004 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Hankin, Howard C AU - Smith, George F AU - Doyle, W Harry, Jr AU - Baker, Eva G Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 47 EP - 54 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Hydrologic Unit Area Program KW - HUA Program KW - Haywood County Tennessee KW - government agencies KW - watersheds KW - western Tennessee KW - nonpoint sources KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - agrochemicals KW - southwestern Tennessee KW - Tennessee KW - USGS KW - Fayette County Tennessee KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - Shelby County Tennessee KW - Tipton County Tennessee KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - Beaver Creek KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50090878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Research+and+monitoring+needs+for+the+implementation+of+the+USDA+water+quality+HUA+program%3B+the+Beaver+Creek+watershed+project&rft.au=Hankin%2C+Howard+C%3BSmith%2C+George+F%3BDoyle%2C+W+Harry%2C+Jr%3BBaker%2C+Eva+G&rft.aulast=Hankin&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; Beaver Creek; Fayette County Tennessee; government agencies; Haywood County Tennessee; HUA Program; Hydrologic Unit Area Program; hydrology; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; programs; Shelby County Tennessee; soils; southwestern Tennessee; surface water; Tennessee; Tipton County Tennessee; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; water quality; watersheds; western Tennessee ER - TY - CONF T1 - Boreal forest catchments: research sites for global change at high latitudes AN - 27320003; 2001-31-003272 (CE); 0192407 (EN) AB - Circumpolar subarctic boreal forest ecosystems are subject to change from a variety of agents and processes. Climate warming predicted by many GCMs indicates that regions north of 60 degree N may be subjected to major warming in coming decades, producing increased permafrost thaw, altered vegetation distribution and biological productivity, and perhaps release of large quantities of stored organic carbon into the global carbon cycle. Research into change in ecosystems can entail use of ecosystem 'samples,' i.e., sectors of landscape such as catchments (watersheds) which are representative of the larger ecoregion and available for repeated, long-term measurement and analysis. Boreal forest research and monitoring programs have been established in hydrologically-defined catchments in discontinuous-permafrost regions at 65 degree N, 148 degree W in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands of central Alaska, and at 62 degree N, 158 degree W in the Kolyma River headwaters of Magadan Oblast, northeastern Russia. These sites are available for sustained research into global change. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Slaughter, C W AU - Glotov, VYE AU - Viereck, LA AU - Mikhailov, V M Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 351 EP - 361 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 989, Dordrecht, 3300AZ, Netherlands, [URL:http://www.wkap.nl] VL - 82 IS - 1-2 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Forests KW - Ecosystems KW - Catchments KW - Air pollution KW - Carbon KW - Vegetation KW - Permafrost KW - Climate KW - Watersheds KW - Monitoring KW - Landscapes KW - Latitude KW - Headwaters KW - Rivers KW - Biological warfare KW - Pollution KW - Productivity KW - Agents KW - EE 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 454.3:ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEMS (EN) KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27320003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Boreal+forest+catchments%3A+research+sites+for+global+change+at+high+latitudes&rft.au=Slaughter%2C+C+W%3BGlotov%2C+VYE%3BViereck%2C+LA%3BMikhailov%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Slaughter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revisiting the degree-day method for snowmelt computations AN - 25968480; 2001-24-019252 (CE); 0202560 (EN) AB - The simple, empirical degree-day approach for calculating snowmelt and runoff from mountain basins has been in use for more than 60 years. It is frequently suggested that the degree-day method be replaced by the more physically-based energy balance approach. The degree-day approach, however, maintains its popularity, applicability, and effectiveness. It is shown that the degree-day method is reliable for computing total snowmelt depths for periods of a week to the entire snowmelt season. It can also be used for daily snowmelt depths when utilized in connection with an adequate snowmelt runoff model for computing the basin runoff. The degree-day ratio is shown to vary seasonally as opposed to being constant as is often assumed. Additionally, in order to evaluate the degree-day ratio correctly, the changing snow cover extent in a basin during the snowmelt season must be taken into account. It is also possible to combine the degree-day approach with a radiation component so that short time interval ( < 24 hours) computations of snowmelt depth can be made. When snowmelt input is transformed to basin output (runoff) by a snowmelt runoff model, there is little difference between the degree-day approach and a radiation-based approach. This is fortuitous because the physically-based energy balance models will not soon displace the degree-day methods because of their excessive data requirements. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Rango, A AU - Martinec, J AD - USDA/ARS/BARC-W, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1995 SP - 657 EP - 669 PB - AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 4 West Federal St, P O Box 1626, Middleburg, VA, 20118-1626, USA, [mailto:info@awra.org], [URL:http://www.awra.org] VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Runoff KW - Basins KW - Computation KW - Balancing KW - Mountains KW - Resources KW - Empirical analysis KW - Output KW - Radiation KW - Joints KW - Displacement KW - Article KW - EE 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (EN) KW - EE 444:WATER RESOURCES KW - EE 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - EE 443.3:PRECIPITATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25968480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+degree-day+method+for+snowmelt+computations&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BMartinec%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate concentrations in karst springs in an extensively grazed area AN - 25912321; 2001-31-003250 (CE); 0202565 (EN) AB - The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian Region. Karst areas comprise about 18 percent of the Region's land area. An estimated one-third of the Region's farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are located on karst terrain. Nitrate concentrations were measured in several karst springs in Southeastern West Virginia in order to determine the impact of animal agriculture on nitrate pollution of the karst ground water system. Karst basins with 79, 51, 16, and 0 percent agriculture had mean nitrate concentrations of 15.8, 12.2, 2.7, and 0.4 mg/l, respectively. A strong linear relationship between nitrate concentration and percent agricultural land was shown. Median nitrate concentration increased about 0.19 mg l super(-1) per percent increase in agricultural land. Weather patterns were also found to significantly affect the median nitrate concentrations and the temporal variability of those concentrations. Lower nitrate concentrations and lower temporal variability were observed during a severe drought period. It was concluded that agriculture was significantly affecting nitrate concentrations in the karst aquifer. Best management practices may be one way to protect the ground water resource. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Boyer, D G AU - Pasquarell, G C AD - USDA-ARS, Beckley, WV, USA PY - 1995 SP - 729 EP - 736 PB - AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 4 West Federal St, P O Box 1626, Middleburg, VA, 20118-1626, USA, [mailto:info@awra.org], [URL:http://www.awra.org] VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Nitrates KW - Farms KW - Karstic areas KW - Farming KW - Agricultural management KW - Land KW - Resources KW - Variability KW - Farmlands KW - Management KW - Aquifers KW - Water quality KW - Drought KW - Basins KW - Climatology KW - Market value KW - Resource management KW - Pollution KW - Article KW - EE 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 445.2:WATER ANALYSIS KW - EE 453:WATER POLLUTION KW - EE 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - EE 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - EE 444:WATER RESOURCES (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25912321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Nitrate+concentrations+in+karst+springs+in+an+extensively+grazed+area&rft.au=Boyer%2C+D+G%3BPasquarell%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population characteristics of black-throated blue warblers wintering in three sites on Puerto Rico AN - 17087502; 3901031 AB - I studied ecology and behavior of wintering Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) at three sites on Puerto Rico over four years. The site with tall mature forest and relatively few fruiting understory plants had warbler populations characterized by: a predominance of males; relatively early fall arrival of returning adults; high site fidelity; large home ranges; low density of sedentary birds; few wandering individuals; high overwinter persistence of sedentary birds; and an invertebrate-rich diet. In contrast, the shrubby second-growth site with an abundance of fruiting plants had warbler populations characterized by: a predominance of females; relatively late arrival of returning adults compared to juveniles; low site fidelity; small home ranges; high density of sedentary and wandering birds; low overwinter persistence of sedentary birds; and a nectar- and fruit-rich diet. At the third site, the population traits fell within these extremes. Some site variation is attributable to sex differences in site persistence, wandering, and home-range size, which appear as population differences only because sex ratios vary among sites. However, differences in abundance and seasonality of fruit and nectar may further contribute to site differences in overwinter persistence of sedentary birds, wandering, home-range size, and density. JF - Auk AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AD - Intl. Inst. Tropical Forest., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box B, Palmer, PR 00721, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 931 EP - 946 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - population structure KW - winter KW - Dendroica caerulescens KW - habitat utilization KW - sex differences KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17087502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Population+characteristics+of+black-throated+blue+warblers+wintering+in+three+sites+on+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+JM+Jr&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroica caerulescens; population structure; food availability; sex differences; habitat utilization; winter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in molted and unmolted laying chickens AN - 17087073; 3896759 AB - The impact of induced molting on the horizontal transmission of S. enteritidis was studied. In Expt. 1, every other hen in rows of either molted or unmolted hens was infected with S. enteritidis (1 x 10 super(6) bacteria/hen). S. enteritidis was transmitted more rapidly to the unchallenged hens in the adjacent cages of molted hens than in unmolted hens, and these molted hens shed significantly more of the organism than unmolted hens. In Expts. 2 and 3, the center hen in two rows each of 11 molted and unmolted hens was infected with S. enteritidis (dose of 6-8 x 10 super(4) in Expt. 2 and 1 x 10 super(3) in Expt. 3). In both trials of Expt. 2, the rate of transmission was significantly higher in molted hens than in unmolted hens, and the molted hens shed significantly more of the organism. In Trial 1 of Expt. 3, molting had little effect on S. enteritidis shedding. In Trial 2 of Expt. 3, however, molted hens had significantly higher shed rates and shed more S. enteritidis than the unmolted hens. Individual hens in Expts. 2 and 3 frequently shed more S. enteritidis than the original challenge. The amplification of intestinal S. enteritidis in the molted hens plus their previously described higher susceptibility to S. enteritidis infection accelerated transmission of the organism to the uninfected hens in neighboring cages. These results indicate that induced molting can have substantial effects on transmission of S. enteritidis to uninfected hens, which could affect the overall S. enteritidis status of a flock. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Holt, P S AD - USDA/ARS, Southeast Poultry Res. Lab., 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 239 EP - 249 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - egg laying KW - disease transmission KW - molting KW - transmission (horizontal) KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17087073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Horizontal+transmission+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+molted+and+unmolted+laying+chickens&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; molting; egg laying; transmission (horizontal); disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of starch-poly( beta -hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) composites in municipal activated sludge AN - 17086343; 3897172 AB - Injection-molded composites were prepared by blending PHBV with native cornstarch (30% and 50%) and with cornstarch precoated with PEO as a binding agent. These composites were evaluated for their biodegradability in municipal activated sludge by measuring changes in their physical and chemical properties over a period of 35 days. All composites lost weight, ranging from 45 to 78% within 35 days. Interestingly, the extent and rate of weight loss were quite similar in PHBV composites with no starch, with 30% starch, and with 50% starch. Weight loss was slowest in PHBV blends prepared with PEO-coated starch. For all samples, the weight loss was accompanied by a rapid deterioration in tensile strength and percentage elongation. The deterioration of these mechanical properties exhibited a relative rate of PHBV > starch-PHBV > PEO-coated starch-PHBV. Changes in starch/PHBV composition after biodegradation were quantified by FTIR spectroscopy. Increasing the starch content resulted in more extensive starch degradation, while the PHBV content in the blends became less susceptible to hydrolytic enzymes. JF - Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation AU - Imam, SH AU - Gordon, SH AU - Shogren, R L AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 205 EP - 213 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1064-7546, 1064-7546 KW - poly( beta -hydroxybutyrate-co- beta -hydroxyvalerate) KW - starch KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - bacteria KW - activated sludge KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17086343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Polymer+Degradation&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+starch-poly%28+beta+-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate%29+composites+in+municipal+activated+sludge&rft.au=Imam%2C+SH%3BGordon%2C+SH%3BShogren%2C+R+L%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Polymer+Degradation&rft.issn=10647546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; activated sludge; biodegradation; I.R. spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of isolation and sanitation on the recovery of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum from chronically infected hens held in biological isolation units AN - 17086146; 3896757 AB - Two trials were conducted to determine if individual housing or improved sanitation would enable hens to clear Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection. In each of the two trials, 40 commercial leghorn hens were infected with F strain MG (F-MG) and confined in biological isolation units in two groups: 1) hens housed individually in each of eight isolation units and 2) hens housed in groups of four in each of eight other units. Each of these two groups was further subdivided into two groups: 1) non-sanitized, having the isolation unit interior cleaned but not sanitized once each 2 weeks; and 2) sanitized, having the isolator interior thoroughly cleaned and sanitized twice weekly. Choanal cleft swabs were obtained five times over a period of 16 weeks in Trial 1 and six times over 22 weeks in Trial 2. Isolates were identified as F-MG positive by agar plate fluorescent-antibody method. The incidence of isolation of F-MG did not differ significantly between individually housed and group-housed hens, except that the percentage of positive isolations was significantly lower in individually housed/sanitized hens than group-housed/sanitized hens in Trial 1. Sanitizing had no consistent beneficial effect. The results do not support the theory that hens can clear F-MG infection if isolated from other infected hens. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Brown, JE AU - Branton, S L AU - May, J D AD - USDA/ARS, South Central Poultry Res. Lab., Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 263 EP - 268 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - sanitation KW - infection KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17086146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+isolation+and+sanitation+on+the+recovery+of+F-strain+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+from+chronically+infected+hens+held+in+biological+isolation+units&rft.au=Brown%2C+JE%3BBranton%2C+S+L%3BMay%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma gallisepticum; sanitation; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alternative method for capturing armadillos AN - 17085379; 3901003 JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Bergman, D L AU - Bluett, R D AU - Tipton, A R AD - USDA, Anim. Damage Control, 1824 North Eleventh St., Bismarck, ND 58501-1913, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 414 EP - 416 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - catching methods KW - Dasypus novemcinctus KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17085379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=An+alternative+method+for+capturing+armadillos&rft.au=Bergman%2C+D+L%3BBluett%2C+R+D%3BTipton%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dasypus novemcinctus; catching methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of acetic acid on regrowth of dioecious Hydrilla from root crowns AN - 17084526; 3899095 AB - Sediments may contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid which has been shown to reduce viability of vegetative propagules. Root crowns of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.F) Royle) were exposed to acetic acid concentrations of 0, 17, 44, 87, 174, and 348 mmol/L for 24 h. Acetic acid concentrations which produced a 50% reduction in growth (measured by dry weight, shoot length, or number of new shoots) ranged from 9 to 26 mmol/L. It may be possible to use a dilute acetic acid solutions to treat exposed hydrilla plants during drawdown. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA Aquatic Weed Control Res. Lab., Weed Sci. Program, Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 61 EP - 63 VL - 33 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - acetic acid KW - aquatic weed control KW - decomposing organic matter KW - drawdown KW - plant control KW - sediment concentration KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - degradation KW - inhibitors KW - Freshwater KW - biodegradation KW - roots KW - aquatic plants KW - organic acids KW - weeds KW - growth KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17084526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+acetic+acid+on+regrowth+of+dioecious+Hydrilla+from+root+crowns&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; organic acids; degradation; roots; plant control; inhibitors; aquatic plants; toxicity tests; weeds; growth; aquatic weed control; sediment concentration; acetic acid; drawdown; decomposing organic matter; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of antifungal properties and beta -1,3-glucanases in aqueous extracts of kernels from several varieties of corn AN - 17080083; 3898155 AB - In this study, our objective was to develop a similarity profile of beta -1,3-glucanase activity and antifungal properties in the kernels of several varieties of mature corn. Kernels from open-pollinated varieties with extremes in aflatoxin contamination due to A. flavus infection in the field were chosen. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Neucere, J N AU - Brown, R L AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., South. Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179--0687, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 274 EP - 276 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - beta -1,3-glucanase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - antifungal agents KW - Zea mays KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17080083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+antifungal+properties+and+beta+-1%2C3-glucanases+in+aqueous+extracts+of+kernels+from+several+varieties+of+corn&rft.au=Neucere%2C+J+N%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Neucere&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; antifungal agents; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polymerase chain reaction-based procedure for detection of Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue AN - 17078844; 3898158 AB - Inserts from clones of a genomic library constructed using DNA from the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum were screened using dot blots and Southern blots. Several inserts that hybridized to DNA from A. coenophialum and to DNA from endophyte-infection (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), but not to DNA from endophyte-free (E-) grass, were sequenced. Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using DNA from E+ and E- tall fescue genotypes. PCR with one set of 21-mer primers yielded a prominent 1-kb product with DNA from A. coenophialum-infected plants but not from uninfected plants. This PCR-based procedure provides an accurate, rapid, and sensitive means of detecting A. coenophialum in tall fescue. JF - Phytopathology AU - Doss, R P AU - Welty, R E AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Unit, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 913 EP - 917 VL - 85 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Acremonium coenophialum KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17078844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+polymerase+chain+reaction-based+procedure+for+detection+of+Acremonium+coenophialum+in+tall+fescue&rft.au=Doss%2C+R+P%3BWelty%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Doss&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca arundinacea; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from apple fruit AN - 17075715; 3896692 AB - A polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) was purified from mature 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit. The protein was cell wall bound and had a molecular mass of 44 to 54 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chemical deglycosylation of purified apple PGIP released a 34-kDa polypeptide, suggesting that differential glycosylation accounted for the heterogeneity in molecular mass. Apple PGIP showed differential inhibitory activity against five polygalacturonase isozymes purified from Botrytis cinerea grown in liquid culture. However, inhibition was not detected against polygalacturonase extracted from apple fruit inoculated with the same fungus. Kinetic studies suggested a mixed-type inhibition. N-terminal amino acid sequence of apple PGIP shared 96%, 68%, and 60% identity with those from pear, tomato, and bean, respectively. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yao, Chenglin AU - Conway, W S AU - Sams, CE AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1373 EP - 1377 VL - 85 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein KW - Pyrus malus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17075715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+polygalacturonase-inhibiting+protein+from+apple+fruit&rft.au=Yao%2C+Chenglin%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BSams%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Chenglin&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; fruits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The comparative virulence for chicks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates and isolates of phage types commonly found in poultry in the United States AN - 17074260; 3895091 AB - Phage type 4 Salmonella enteritidis has been associated with morbidity and mortality in broiler chickens in the United Kingdom. The recent isolation of this phage type from poultry in the United States has raised concerns about whether the current regulatory approach to S. enteritidis should be modified to consider phage type 4 differently from other phage types. The present study assessed and compared the virulence of phage type 4 S. enteritidis isolates, S. enteritidis isolates of other phage types, and an S. pullorum isolate in both single-comb white leghorn and white Plymouth Rock chicks. The mean incidence of severe illness or death following oral inoculation with phage type 4 S. enteritidis was significantly lower than the incidence associated with S. pullorum inoculation in both lines of chicks. Nevertheless, some individual phage type 4 S. enteritidis isolates caused severe effects at a frequency similar to that of S. pullorum in single-comb white leghorn chicks. In general, severe morbidity or mortality following infection with S. enteritidis isolates of all phage types tested occurred more often in single-comb white leghorn chicks than in white Plymouth Rock chicks. The mean frequency at which chicks were severely affected following inoculation with phage type 4 isolates was significantly higher than the mean for isolates of other phage types. However, in both lines of chicks, some significant differences in virulence were apparent within the set of phage type 4 strains tested. The observed virulence for chicks of recent U.S. poultry isolates of phage type 4 S. enteritidis was similar to that of earlier isolates from various sources, including poultry isolates from the United Kingdom. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Benson, ST AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 567 EP - 574 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - enteritis KW - virulence KW - animal models KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - J 02862:Infection KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17074260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+comparative+virulence+for+chicks+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+phage+type+4+isolates+and+isolates+of+phage+types+commonly+found+in+poultry+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BBenson%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - enteritis; animal models; virulence; Salmonella enteritidis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex differences in behavior of beavers living in near-boreal lake habitat AN - 17073339; 3894963 AB - Comparative studies of how female and male North American beavers (Castor canadensis) allocate time provide a basis for understanding their life history. I studied the behavior of beavers living in lake habitats of a near-boreal region to determine how animals of each sex allocated time during their active periods. Markov time-budget estimates revealed that over the open-water season, adult females and males spent 91 and 86%, respectively, of time during active periods feeding, traveling, and being in the lodge. Adult females spent most of their time feeding in late spring and summer. In late summer through fall, they spent more time provisioning, working on lodges, and constructing winter food caches. In contrast, adult males spent less time feeding and more time traveling, being in the lodge, and working on the lodge in late spring and early summer. As the season progressed, adult males traveled less and spent more time feeding and working on the lodge. Overall, the results suggest that there is a division of labor in this monogamous species. Adult females seemed to function primarily as providers of energy to kits. In contrast, adult males seemed to function primarily in protection and provisioning of kits, territory maintenance, and construction and maintenance of structures. JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie AU - Buech, R R AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2133 EP - 2143 VL - 73 IS - 11 SN - 0008-4301, 0008-4301 KW - aquatic mammals KW - behavior KW - reproductive strategy KW - sex differences KW - time allocation KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - lakes KW - activity patterns KW - males KW - Freshwater KW - females KW - Castor canadensis KW - Y 25537:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - Q1 08371:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17073339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.atitle=Sex+differences+in+behavior+of+beavers+living+in+near-boreal+lake+habitat&rft.au=Buech%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Buech&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.issn=00084301&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic mammals; lakes; males; activity patterns; females; reproductive strategy; behavior; time allocation; sex differences; Castor canadensis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moisture requirements and host specificity of Rhizoctonia solani from leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in Nebraska AN - 17072609; 3895176 AB - R230, an isolate of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5 from leafy spurge, caused root and crown rots on leafy spurge when inoculated via soil in greenhouse experiments. The fungus grew through soil over a wide range of matric potentials (-0.01 to -1 MPa). When applied to leafy spurge foliage, the fungus blighted young adventitious shoots, but not mature stems. Foliar infection required high relative humidity. Mycelial growth on plant surfaces stopped at below 92% relative humidity. Pathogenicity of R230 was not limited to leafy spurge. The fungus caused stem and foliar lesions on all crops tested (alfalfa, smooth bromegrass, corn, Kentucky bluegrass, soybean, tall fescue, and wheat) when plants were kept under high humidity. It reduced seedling emergence and survival in soybean, Kentucky bluegrass, and tall fescue. R230 also caused a foliar blight on spotted spurge. The potential for R230 to damage crops will limit application of the fungus to noncultivated areas and to sites where it is endemic. JF - Weed Technology AU - Yuen, G Y AU - Masters, R A AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., and Range Scientist, USDA-ARS, Dep. Argon., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 44 EP - 48 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Euphorbia esula KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17072609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Moisture+requirements+and+host+specificity+of+Rhizoctonia+solani+from+leafy+spurge+%28Euphorbia+esula%29+in+Nebraska&rft.au=Yuen%2C+G+Y%3BMasters%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Yuen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Euphorbia esula; biological control; plant protection; weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The plant growth regulator methyl jasmonate inhibits aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus AN - 17070156; 3891419 AB - Aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds produced by certain Aspergillus species on agricultural commodities. The presence of fatty acid hydroperoxides, which can form in plant material either preharvest under stress or postharvest under improper storage conditions, correlates with high levels of aflatoxin production. Effects of fungal growth and aflatoxin production are known for only a few of the numerous plant metabolites of fatty acid hydroperoxides. Jasmonic acid (JA), a plant growth regulator, is a metabolite of 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid, derived from alpha -linolenic acid. The volatile methyl ester of JA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), is also a plant growth regulator. In this study we report the effect of MeJA on aflatoxin production and growth of Aspergillus flavus. MeJA at concentrations of 10 super(-3)-10 super(-8) M in the growth medium inhibited aflatoxin production, by as much as 96%. Exposure of cultures to MeJA vapour similarly inhibited aflatoxin production. The amount of aflatoxin produced depended on the timing of the exposure. MeJA treatment also delayed spore germination and inhibited the production of a mycelial pigment. These fungal responses resemble plant jasmonate responses. JF - Microbiology AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Mahoney, N E AU - Rodriguez, S B AD - USDA/ARS, Western Regional Res. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2831 EP - 2837 VL - 141 IS - 11 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - methyl jasmonate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17070156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+plant+growth+regulator+methyl+jasmonate+inhibits+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Goodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BMahoney%2C+N+E%3BRodriguez%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Goodrich-Tanrikulu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxins; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) outbreak and fire on Lutz spruce in Alaska AN - 17070036; 3885551 AB - The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), has had a major effect on the spruce forests of southcentral Alaska. In one area of the Chugach National Forest, 51% of the Lutz spruce, Picea lutzii Little, or nearly 90% of the commercial stand volume was killed by spruce beetles during a 16-yr period. The majority of the tree losses occurred during the first 10 yr of the outbreak. Tree species composition remained essentially the same after the outbreak. Forest structure changed with decreased tree density, and species richness declined significantly on the unburned, spruce beetle-effected plots. This reduction in plant diversity was probably a result of the significant increase, and competitive advantage, of blue-joint grass, Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) Beauvois, and fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium L., in the heavily beetle-effected plots. Although species richness did not change 7 yr after a prescribed fire, species composition did change. Specifically, the occurrence and percentage of bluejoint and fireweed cover significantly increased. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Holsten, E H AU - Werner, R A AU - Develice, R L AD - State and Priv. Forest., Forest Serv., USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503-3956, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1539 EP - 1547 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Alaska KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - pest outbreaks KW - Dendroctonus rufipennis KW - fires KW - Picea lutzii KW - species diversity KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17070036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+spruce+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+outbreak+and+fire+on+Lutz+spruce+in+Alaska&rft.au=Holsten%2C+E+H%3BWerner%2C+R+A%3BDevelice%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Holsten&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus rufipennis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; Picea lutzii; USA, Alaska; pest outbreaks; fires; forests; species diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive displacement of apple aphid by spirea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on apple as mediated by human activities AN - 17068930; 3885559 AB - Survey data from 5 commercially managed apple orchards in West Virginia showed that spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, was the more abundant species and that apple aphid, A. pomi De Geer, was present primarily during the late summer when apple is least suitable as a host for aphids. There was no significant positive or negative interaction between the distribution of the 2 species within orchards. In the laboratory, adult apple aphid survived longer at 15 degree C than spirea aphid but produced the same total number of progeny. At 25 and 28 degree C, spirea aphids produced more total progeny and more progeny per day than apple aphids. In an unsprayed orchard that had apple aphids introduced in the autumn of 1990, both species were equally abundant in the spring of 1991, but by the end of that summer spirea aphid was the only aphid species present. In a 2-species population model, reproductive differences between the species were sufficient for spirea aphid to dominate the guild quickly. Several different insecticide schedules marginally increased the rate at which spirea aphid replaced apple aphid. The model that most closely resembled field data had a delay in apple aphid immigration and a reduced rate of emigration as compared with spirea aphid. The reduced tendency to emigrate from apple is the one competitive advantage of apple aphid permitting them to remain in the system despite their reproductive disadvantage and greater susceptibility to insecticides. The use of insecticides that produce higher mortality of apple aphid have added to displacement by spirea aphid. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Brown, M W AU - Hogmire, H W AU - Schmitt, J J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1581 EP - 1591 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Aphis pomi KW - Aphis spiraecola KW - Homoptera KW - Malus domestica KW - competition KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Competitive+displacement+of+apple+aphid+by+spirea+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+on+apple+as+mediated+by+human+activities&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+W%3BHogmire%2C+H+W%3BSchmitt%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Aphis spiraecola; Homoptera; Aphididae; Aphis pomi; competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of inherited sterility and a parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae), for managing Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Acceptability and suitability of hosts AN - 17068333; 3885573 AB - One of the factors important to the successful integration of inherited sterility and biological control is the suitability of hosts from irradiated parents. In this study corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae from irradiated parents were compared with larvae from normal parents as to their acceptance by and suitability for Archytas marmoratus (Townsend). Normal larvae and larvae from crosses of irradiated males with normal females were placed in whorl-stage corn and subsequently exposed to maggots of A. marmoratus. Host and parasitoid emergence was approximately equal from both the normal and the irradiation treatment; however, parasitism was greater in the normal hosts. In field-cage studies in which adult A. marmoratus were released and allowed to larviposit, percentage parasitism and emergence of H. zea and A. marmoratus were equal between the normal treatment and the irradiation treatment. When maggots were applied to caged plants, emergence of H. zea and A. marmoratus were both low. Significantly more H. zea emerged in the normal treatment than in the irradiation treatment and the application of maggots did not affect emergence of H. zea. There were no significant differences in emergence of A. marmoratus between the normal and irradiation treatments. In a concurrent laboratory study, emergence of H. zea did not differ between normal and irradiation treatment but was greatly reduced when exposed to maggots. Similarly, emergence of A. marmoratus was not affected by irradiation treatment. Larvae from a cross of irradiated males and normal females appear to be both acceptable and suitable for development and subsequent emergence of A. marmoratus. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Mannion, C M AU - Carpenter, JE AU - Gross, H R AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1679 EP - 1684 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - inheritance KW - sterility KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tachinidae KW - Archytas marmoratus KW - Noctuidae KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Integration+of+inherited+sterility+and+a+parasitoid%2C+Archytas+marmoratus+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29%2C+for+managing+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Acceptability+and+suitability+of+hosts&rft.au=Mannion%2C+C+M%3BCarpenter%2C+JE%3BGross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Mannion&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Diptera; Tachinidae; Archytas marmoratus; parasitoids; inheritance; biological control; sterility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on development of three cereal aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) AN - 17066902; 3892698 AB - Temperature is an important climatological variable that influences the biology and ecology of insects. Poor climatic adaptation can limit the effectiveness of parasitic insects in biological control. Two exotic parasites (Syrian Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) and Argentinean Aphidius colemani Viereck) imported for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and one native parasite (Diaeretiella rapae) were reared in growth chambers in three fluctuating temperature regimes with average daily temperatures of 12, 18, and 24 degree C. Estimates of temperature thresholds for immature development were 3.3, 3.5, and 2.8 degree C, for Oklahoman D. rapae, Syrian D. rapae, and A. colemani, respectively. Estimates of thermal requirements for development from egg to adult were 297, 278, and 301 degree-days for the three parasitoids. Dry weights of adults reared in different fluctuating temperature regimes did not differ significantly among sexes, but adults from regimes with low average temperatures of 12 and 18 degree C had significantly greater weights than those reared in a regime with an average temperature of 24 degree C. Results suggest that developmental response to temperature will not limit the effectiveness of the exotic parasites in biological control. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Elliott, N C AU - Burd, J D AU - Kindler, S D AU - Lee, J H AD - USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 28 IS - 3-4 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - parasitoids KW - Hymenoptera KW - Aphidiidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05177:Water, temperature & ionic regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+development+of+three+cereal+aphid+parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BBurd%2C+J+D%3BKindler%2C+S+D%3BLee%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hymenoptera; Aphidiidae; development; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal resistance of nonproteolytic type I and type E Clostridium botulinum spores in phosphate buffer and turkey slurry AN - 17066230; 3890548 AB - The heat resistance of nonproteolytic type B and type E Clostridium botulinum spores in phosphate buffer and turkey slurry was determined from 70 to 90 degree C. Thermal-death times were determined in vials heated using a water bath. Recovery of heat-injured spores was on reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) and tryptic soy agar (TSA) with and without added lysozyme (10 mu g/ml). Decimal-reduction times (D-values) were determined by fitting a survival model to the data using a curve-fitting program. The apparent or measured heat resistance was maximum with RCM supplemented with lysozyme. The D-values at 80 degree C for type E spores in buffer ranged from 1.03 min for strain Whitefish to 4.51 min for strain Saratoga. The D-value for the most heat-resistant nonproteolytic type B strain KAP B5 in buffer was 4.31 min at 80 degree C. The z-values in buffer for all strains were very similar, ranging from 8.35 to 10.08 degree C. Turkey slurry offered protection to the spores with a concomitant increase in heat resistance. The D-values in turkey slurry ranged from 51.89 min at 70 degree C to 1.18 min at 85 degree C for type E strain Alaska (z = 9.90 degree C) and from 32.53 min at 75 degree C to 0.80 min at 90 degree C for nonproteolytic type B strain KAP B5 (z = 9.43 degree C). Thermal-death-time values from this study will assist food processors to design thermal processes that ensure safety against nonproteolytic C. botulinum in cook/chill foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Juneja, V K AU - Eblen, B S AU - Marmer, B S AU - Williams, A C AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Miller, A J AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 758 EP - 763 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - spores KW - poultry KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+resistance+of+nonproteolytic+type+I+and+type+E+Clostridium+botulinum+spores+in+phosphate+buffer+and+turkey+slurry&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BEblen%2C+B+S%3BMarmer%2C+B+S%3BWilliams%2C+A+C%3BPalumbo%2C+SA%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; spores; preservation; food contamination; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) near the edge of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) distribution AN - 17066064; 3885566 AB - Approximately 100 Calosoma sycophanta L. adults were released in each of 5 plots located near the leading edge of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), expansion in Delaware, Michigan, and West Virginia. Before release, naturally occurring beetle populations were present in West Virginia, but not in the other states. Gypsy moth pupal numbers and numbers of pupae eaten by larval C. sycophanta were counted under burlap bands in both release and paired control plots to assess the effectiveness of the beetle. There was a significant positive partial correlation between pupal survival and abundance of beetle larvae; gypsy moth pupal survival was high when predator population densities were high. This is not what would be expected if C. sycophanta were controlling the pest, but the data show that the beetle was capable of reproducing in release areas. These results indicate that it may be useful to release the beetle into other parts of the leading edge of gypsy moth infestation and in other areas where the beetle is not abundant. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Weseloh, R AU - Bernon, G AU - Butler, L AU - Fuester, R AU - McCullough, D AU - Stehr, F AD - Otis Methods Dev. Lab., USDA-Aphis, Bldg. 1398, Otis Air Natl. Guard Base, MA 02542, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1713 EP - 1717 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - Calosoma sycophanta KW - geographical distribution KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - Carabidae KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Releases+of+Calosoma+sycophanta+%28Coleoptera%3A+Carabidae%29+near+the+edge+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+distribution&rft.au=Weseloh%2C+R%3BBernon%2C+G%3BButler%2C+L%3BFuester%2C+R%3BMcCullough%2C+D%3BStehr%2C+F&rft.aulast=Weseloh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calosoma sycophanta; Coleoptera; Carabidae; Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; biological control; geographical distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating parasitism by Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) after inundative releases against the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) AN - 17066059; 3885563 AB - Four methods were used to estimate mortality of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, from Catolaccus grandis (Burks) parasitism in 2 locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, TX, during 1992 and 1993 after inundative releases of this parasitoid. Percentage of parasitism was calculated from densities of parasitized and healthy hosts (3rd instars and pupae). The graphical method of Southwood and Jepson was used. Densities of emergence holes from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., floral buds (squares) and bolls by the parasitoid or host were determined. Life table analysis on boll weevil cohorts placed in the field was also used. Estimates of percentage of mortality from C. grandis parasitism ranged from 65 to 95% in 1992 and from 22 to 87% in 1993. Life table analysis and population density data showed evidence of suppression of boll weevil populations during 1992 and 1993 in all fields. Boll weevil survival (from egg to adult) in the control cotton fields ranged from 72.8 to 78.2%. In contrast, boll weevil survival was only 0.5-11.8% in the cotton fields treated with augmentative releases of C. grandis. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - Summy, K R AU - King, E G AD - Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1718 EP - 1725 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - methodology KW - parasitism KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Estimating+parasitism+by+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+after+inundative+releases+against+the+boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29&rft.au=Morales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BSummy%2C+K+R%3BKing%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Morales-Ramos&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catolaccus grandis; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Anthonomus grandis; parasitism; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of microbial processes in cattle-dipping vats containing coumaphos AN - 17065174; 3890556 AB - The organophosphate veterinary insecticide coumaphos [O-3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate] is used by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture in its program designed to prevent re-entry of the southern cattle tick (Boophilus microplus Can.) and the cattle tick (B. annulatus Say) into the United States from Mexico. Large amounts of waste acaricide are generated annually in this program. One event that triggers disposal of coumaphos dips is the accumulation of potasan [O,O-diethyl O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate]. This process was shown to occur under anaerobic conditions and to be inhibited by mercury ions, indicating that anaerobic micro-organisms were responsible for a reductive dechlorination. Maintaining coumaphos suspensions at pH < 7 prevented the reductive dechlorination of coumaphos and left suspension that was amenable to disposal by biodegradation. A field trial on an 11 000-litre capacity coumaphos dipping vat demonstrated the applicability of using acid to extend the life of coumaphos solutions and of biodegradation for the disposal of spent material. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Karns, J S AU - Ahrens, E H AU - Davey, R B AU - Shelton AD - USDA-ARS-Soil Microbiol. Systems Lab, Bldg. 050 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 13 EP - 19 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - coumaphos KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - pesticides KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17065174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Management+of+microbial+processes+in+cattle-dipping+vats+containing+coumaphos&rft.au=Karns%2C+J+S%3BAhrens%2C+E+H%3BDavey%2C+R+B%3BShelton&rft.aulast=Karns&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of ruminal and human Streptococcus bovis strains by DNA homology and 16S rRNA probes AN - 17064673; 3890664 AB - Streptococcus bovis is commonly present in the rumen, but strains of S. bovis have also occasionally been isolated from human blood or fecal samples. Studies were undertaken with 16s rRNA gene sequences and DNA hybridizations to define the genetic relationships between these two groups of strains. Ruminal strains were found to yield genomic DNA restriction endonuclease digest patterns different from human strains when either the 16s rRNA gene amplified from ruminal S. bovis strain JB1 or a conserved universal 23s rRNA fragment was used as probes. A DNA probe based on the V1 region of the 16s rRNA of S. bovis JB1 was found to hybridize to DNAs of other ruminal S. bovis strains (K27FF4, 21-09-6C, five new ruminal isolates, and weak hybridization was found with DNAs from S. bovis 33317 (type strain), S. equinus 9812, and six other ruminal isolates. No hybridization occurred with strains representing different major human biotypes/homology groups (43143, 43144, 27960, V1387). All ruminal S. bovis strains had a guanosine plus cytosine DNA content of 37.4-38.8 mol% and, based on DNA-DNA genomic hybridizations, could be separated into two homology groups, one of which included S. equinus 9812 and S. bovis 33317. Both ruminal groups had less than 38% DNA homology to the human strains, indicating ruminal strains are clearly two separate species district from the human strains. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Nelms, L F AU - Odelson, DA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Hespell, R B AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 294 EP - 300 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - blood KW - rumen microorganisms KW - restriction endonuclease mapping KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - hybridization analysis KW - DNA KW - man KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - N 14411:Isolation, occurrence & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17064673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+ruminal+and+human+Streptococcus+bovis+strains+by+DNA+homology+and+16S+rRNA+probes&rft.au=Nelms%2C+L+F%3BOdelson%2C+DA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BHespell%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Nelms&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; rumen microorganisms; blood; man; DNA; restriction endonuclease mapping; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating pheromone emission rate and blend in disrupting sexual communication of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 17060788; 3884848 AB - Emission characteristics of 3 sex pheromone components, (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol [codlemone], 1-dodecanol, and 1-tetradecanol, of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were determined from a polyethylene tube dispenser. A model predicting emission rate of codlemone as a function of accumulated degree hours and temperature was developed. The effectiveness of different blends and estimated emission rates of codlemone at dusk in disrupting sexual communication of codling moth were evaluated in field tests in apple (Malus x domestica [Borkham]) during 1991-1992. In all field tests, virgin female-baited traps and releases of marked male moths were used. Traps were placed at 3 heights in the canopy in 9 orchards treated with 1,000 polyethylene tube dispensers per hectare and a single untreated orchard. Trap height significantly affected moth catch in both the pheromone-treated and untreated orchards. The difference in moth catches between pheromone-treated and the untreated orchard with respect to the estimated codlemone emission rate at dusk was substantial for each height, and the slopes did not differ among heights. A significant negative regression was found for moth catch and the estimated codlemone emission rate from tube dispensers aged in the field 0-120 d in small plots (0.1 ha). No difference in moth catch was found for plots treated with Celcon hollow fiber dispensers emitting codlemone versus a 3-component blend. Emission rate was a significant factor affecting moth catch. Problems associated with using these data to establish a minimum effective pheromone emission rate for disruption of codling moth are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Knight, AL AD - Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1396 EP - 1403 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lepidoptera KW - pheromone traps KW - mating disruption KW - Tortricidae KW - Cydia pomonella KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17060788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+pheromone+emission+rate+and+blend+in+disrupting+sexual+communication+of+codling+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Knight%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Cydia pomonella; mating disruption; sex pheromone; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An extraordinary reproductive strategy in freshwater bivalves: Prey mimicry to facilitate larval dispersal AN - 17058662; 3887898 AB - Females of the North American freshwater bivalve Lampsilis perovalis release their larvae, which are obligate parasites on fish, in a discrete mass (superconglutinate) resembling a small fish in shape and coloration. After release, the mass remains tethered to the female by a long, transparent, mucous strand and, in stream currents, displays a darting motion that further mimics a small fish. Release of superconglutinates was observed in March and April at water temperatures of 14-17 degree C. However, superconglutinates detached from the parent mussel were observed from March to June at water temperatures of 11-26 degree C, indicating that release may occur into the summer. The superconglutinate lure may function to attract a predaceous fish to ingest the mass, ensuring that the larvae are exposed to a suitable host. This reproductive strategy was confirmed recently to occur in a congener, L. subangulata and is suspected to occur in another congener, L. australis. JF - Freshwater biology. Oxford AU - Haag, W R AU - Butler, R S AU - Hartfield, P D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Forest Hydrology Lab., PO Box 947, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Lampsilis subangulata KW - Lampsilis perovalis KW - Bivalvia KW - reproductive strategy KW - USA, Alabama KW - Mollusca KW - freshwater environments KW - host selection KW - Y 25422:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04658:Molluscs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17058662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+biology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=An+extraordinary+reproductive+strategy+in+freshwater+bivalves%3A+Prey+mimicry+to+facilitate+larval+dispersal&rft.au=Haag%2C+W+R%3BButler%2C+R+S%3BHartfield%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Haag&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+biology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lampsilis perovalis; Lampsilis subangulata; Mollusca; Bivalvia; USA, Alabama; reproductive strategy; host selection; freshwater environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractiveness of a mixture of ammonia, methylamine and putrescine to Mexican fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a citrus orchard AN - 17057800; 3884760 AB - A mixture of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl and putrescine (AMPu) was evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in a citrus orchard in 1-day tests. AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate:methylamine HCl:putrescine) was tested both in dilute aqueous solutions in the reservoir of McPhail traps and in more concentrated form in polypropylene tubes suspended in McPhail traps or fastened to yellow sticky ball traps. The most attractive concentration of AMPu used in aqueous solution captured only half as many flies as Torula yeast in McPhail traps. AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate:methylamine HCl:putrescine) formulated into agar and tested in tubes fastened to sticky ball traps captured as many male and female flies as Torula yeast in McPhail traps. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Robacker, D C AD - Crop Qual. Fruit Insects Res., ARS/USDA, 2301 S. Intl. Blvd., Weslasco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 571 EP - 578 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Citrus KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - trapping KW - pest control KW - attractants KW - Tephritidae KW - bait KW - USA, Texas KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17057800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Attractiveness+of+a+mixture+of+ammonia%2C+methylamine+and+putrescine+to+Mexican+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+a+citrus+orchard&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus; Anastrepha ludens; Diptera; Tephritidae; USA, Texas; attractants; bait; pest control; trapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on production of aflatoxin B sub(1) by Aspergillus flavus in stored corn AN - 17055587; 3883043 AB - Insects play an important role as facilitators of the aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus flavus Link, in both preharvest and postharvest corn. The current study investigated the role of maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, in enhancing aflatoxin B sub(1) content in stored corn. In laboratory experiments, aflatoxin B sub(1) was quantified with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on corn following artificial infestation with adult weevils that had each been topically treated with 100 spores of A. flavus. Corn kernels infested with A. flavus-contaminated weevils had significantly higher levels of aflatoxin B sub(1) than A. flavus-inoculated corn without weevils. The presence of maize weevils resulted in increased kernel moisture content during incubation, and grain moisture was positively correlated with aflatoxin content across treatments receiving spores. Aflatoxin B sub(1) levels were higher in corn treated with fungus-contaminated weevils compared with corn that was mechanically damaged and inoculated with spores, which in turn had more aflatoxin than undamaged corn treated with spores. Aflatoxin B sub(1) content in corn increased with time of weevil exposure from 7 to 21 d, but decreased after 28 d of exposure. Aflatoxin levels in infested corn increased significantly with increased numbers of A. flavus-contaminated weevils. Maize weevils carried spores both internally and externally; however, substantial numbers of spores were intimately associated with the exoskeleton of adult weevils. These findings indicate that maize weevils facilitate the growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production in corn by increasing surface area susceptible to fungal infection and increasing moisture content as a result of weevil metabolic activity. Weevil activity can have a profound effect on postharvest aflatoxin production even though little initial inoculum is present. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Beti, JA AU - Phillips, T W AU - Smalley, E B AD - Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1776 EP - 1782 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Zea mays KW - mycotoxins KW - Coleoptera KW - aflatoxins KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - stored products KW - Curculionidae KW - grain KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17055587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+maize+weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+on+production+of+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29+by+Aspergillus+flavus+in+stored+corn&rft.au=Beti%2C+JA%3BPhillips%2C+T+W%3BSmalley%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Beti&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Aspergillus flavus; Sitophilus zeamais; aflatoxins; stored products; mycotoxins; grain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of inoculation route on the carrier state of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine AN - 17054930; 3882486 AB - This study was designed to investigate the carrier state of swine infected with Salmonella choleraesuis. Thirty-five pigs were divided into 3 groups. Groups 1 (n = 15) and 2 (n = 16) were challenged with 10 super(8) CFU of S. choleraesuis intranasally or by gastric route, respectively. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls. Pigs were necropsied at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks post inoculation. Clinical signs and microscopic lesions were more severe for group 1. Salmonella choleraesuis was recovered from a greater percentage of tissue samples for group 1 versus group 2 at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post inoculation. No differences were observed between groups at 12 weeks post inoculation. Regardless of route of inoculation, S. choleraesuis was most often recovered from the ileocolic junction, ileocolic lymph node, cecal contents, tonsil, lung and colon. Both groups shed S. choleraesuis in the feces sporadically throughout the 12 week period indicating that a carrier state is maintained for at least 12 weeks. However, group 1 shed higher numbers of S. choleraesuis initially. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses to S. choleraesuis lipopolysaccharide and heat extract antigens were observed for both groups. Higher serum IgG antibody titers to S. choleraesuis lipopolysaccharide were observed for group 2. Intestinal antibody responses for both groups included IgG and IgM responses but not an IgA response. Both routes of inoculation stimulated peripheral blood B-cells while the intranasal route (group 1) was more effective at stimulating peripheral blood T-cells. The reduction in levels of tissues infection and shedding observed for both groups coincided with the development of the host immune response. These data indicate that route of inoculation affects the development of humoral and cellular immunity, influences levels of Salmonella shed into the environment and the distribution of Salmonella within tissue. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Gray, J T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Stabel, T J AU - Ackermann, M R AD - Physiopathology Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-Natl. Anim.. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 43 EP - 59 VL - 47 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Salmonella choleraesuis KW - disease reservoirs KW - salmonellosis KW - inoculation route KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17054930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+inoculation+route+on+the+carrier+state+of+Salmonella+choleraesuis+in+swine&rft.au=Gray%2C+J+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella choleraesuis; disease reservoirs; inoculation route; salmonellosis ER - TY - CONF T1 - Similar patterns of change in stemwood calcium concentration in red spruce and Siberian fir AN - 17053465; 3882166 AB - Changes in stemwood calcium concentration ([Ca]) for the last 120 years occurred in a common pattern for two sample collections of red spruce (n = 33 and 20) from the northeastern United States and for one sample collection of Siberian fir (n = 20) from southcentral Siberia, Russia. The [Ca] was measured for wood formed during the periods 1871-90, 1891-1910, 1911-30, 1931-50, 1951-70 and 1971-90. For each core, the relative increase or decrease in [Ca] for adjacent periods of wood formation was recorded. The relative frequency of positive change in [Ca] for each period of wood formation was calculated for the three sample collections. Previous research indicated that under equilibrium conditions, [Ca] in stemwood tended to decrease in more recently formed wood, due to declining numbers of Ca binding sites. Consequently, we expected a low frequency of positive changes in [Ca] in successively formed wood. Consistent with expectation, the relative frequency of positive change from the preceding period to the periods 1891-1910, 1911-30, 1931-50, and 1971-90 were low. Contrary to expectation, the frequency of positive increases in [Ca] more than doubled in 1951-70 compared to 1931-50. The frequency of positive increases in the 1951-70 period relative to the preceding period was 48%, significantly greater than all other periods (P less than or equal to 0.01). The frequencies of positive increases for all other periods were not significantly different from each other (overall mean = 21%, SD = 7). This anomaly in the frequency of positive change in [Ca] in wood formed in 1951-70 relative to wood formed in 1931-50 indicated a perturbation in the ion exchange chemistry of stemwood in two widely separated parts of the northern coniferous forest. This anomaly could be due to external or internal factors. Changes in sap chemistry that affected stemwood chemistry could have been due to changes in the rooting zone. Such changes in rooting zone chemistry could result from the atmospheric deposition of ionic pollutants. Other external factors that could cause the observed anomaly include unusual climatic periods or environmental disturbances such as logging or fire. Internal factors that might produce an anomalously high frequency of positive change of [Ca] include heartwood formation, stemwood infection and a hypersensitive response of the tree against infection. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Shortle, W C AU - Smith, K T AU - Minocha, R AU - Alexeyev, V A Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 467 EP - 473 VL - 22 IS - 2-3 KW - calcium KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - Picea rubens KW - wood KW - acidification KW - pollution KW - Russia KW - Picea abies KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17053465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Similar+patterns+of+change+in+stemwood+calcium+concentration+in+red+spruce+and+Siberian+fir&rft.au=Shortle%2C+W+C%3BSmith%2C+K+T%3BMinocha%2C+R%3BAlexeyev%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Shortle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Long-term growth of alfalfa and orchard grass plots at elevated carbon dioxide AN - 17053349; 3882131 AB - Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) plots were exposed to ambient or ambient plus 350 cm super(3) m super(-3) carbon dioxide concentrations at Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A. Replicate plots were established in different years and fertilized annually. We report here data for the second and third years after establishment. There has been no increase in the yearly production of either species at the elevated carbon dioxide concentration after the first season. In orchard grass, reduced growth at the high carbon dioxide concentration in the spring offset growth stimulation in the summer. Weed growth was consistently increased by carbon dioxide enrichment, but weed species composition was unaffected. Leaf photosynthetic capacity was reduced by the high carbon dioxide concentration in both crop species, as was leaf nitrogen content. Canopy carbon dioxide uptake was slightly higher in the elevated carbon dioxide treatments, consistent with the increased weed growth. In alfalfa, elevated carbon dioxide significantly reduced canopy carbon dioxide efflux at night for the same daytime uptake rate and temperature. The growth conversion efficiency estimated from elemental composition of the tissue was not substantially altered by carbon dioxide treatment in either crop species, indicating little effect of carbon dioxide treatment on the respiratory cost of tissue synthesis. Canopy conductance to water vapour averaged 23% less at high than at low carbon dioxide in the orchard grass plots, and 14% less in the alfalfa plots. This was consistent with the smaller short-term response of conductance to carbon dioxide concentration in the alfalfa plots. It is concluded that a warm climate and fertile soil does not guarantee a persistent response of production to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in these herbaceous perennial species. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Bunce, JA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 341 EP - 348 VL - 22 IS - 2-3 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - Dactylis glomerata KW - photosynthesis KW - water loss KW - growth rate KW - USA, Maryland KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04637:Legumes KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17053349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Long-term+growth+of+alfalfa+and+orchard+grass+plots+at+elevated+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation during seedfill and germinability of soybean with impermeable seed coat character AN - 17052648; 3874291 AB - The impermeable seed coat (ISC) trait in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is valuable because impermeable seed retain viability longer than permeable seed under adverse conditions such as delayed harvest or lengthy storage. The objective of this study was to determine how drought stress during seedfilling affected the ISC trait. 'Forrest', a maturity group (MG) V determinate cultivar with normal seed coat, and D86-4565, an ISC MG V determinate line, were grown in the field in 1991 (hot, dry season) and 1992 (cool, wet season) at Stoneville, MS. No irrigation or furrow irrigation between beginning seedfill (R5) and full seed (R6) growth stages were used to vary soil water content during seed development. Seed was harvested by hand and machine both years. In 1991, germination of machine-harvested, unscarified D86-4565 was increased by irrigation, but the percentage of impermeable seed was not affected. In 1992, irrigation that was started at R5 and continued through R6 increased germination of machine-harvested, unscarified seed from both genotypes, and significantly decreased impermeability of unscarified seed of D86-4565. Unscarified seed from D86-4565 grown in 1992 had greater germination and higher permeability than seed from 1991. Unscarified seed from all treatments of D86-4565 germinated well below the standard of 80%. These results indicate that irrigation of soybean during the seedfilling period can influence the ISC trait and germination of unscarified seed with this trait, but the effect of diverse weather is much greater. Furthermore, adequate moisture during seedfill will not preclude preplant scarification to enhance germination of seed with the ISC trait. JF - Crop Science AU - Heatherly, L G AU - Kenty, M M AD - USDA-ARS, Soybean Prod. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 343, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 205 EP - 208 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - water stress KW - seeds KW - soybeans KW - drought KW - irrigation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17052648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Irrigation+during+seedfill+and+germinability+of+soybean+with+impermeable+seed+coat+character&rft.au=Heatherly%2C+L+G%3BKenty%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Heatherly&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; soybeans; drought; water stress; seeds; soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods used for detection and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with a food-borne disease outbreak AN - 17052569; 3882504 AB - The current Food Safety and Inspection Service method for detection and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7, (including modified EC broth with novobiocin (mEC+n) and a direct blot ELISA), was used to analyze beef and environmental samples during an investigation of a food-borne disease outbreak attributed to consumption of undercooked hamburger patties. Double-modified trypticase soy broth (dmTSB) and a commercially available dipstick immunoassay were also used to improve detection/recovery of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 1,115 beef and environmental samples was screened with the direct blot ELISA and the dipstick immunoassay; 178 presumptive-positive samples (by either or both of the screening methods) were subjected to recovery/isolation procedures. Toxigenic E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from 45 samples: 40 hamburger-patty samples produced on the epidemiologically identified date, 3 hamburger-patty samples produced on another date, and 2 beef briskets. The organism was not recovered from environmental samples. Limited quantitative analyses indicated that contaminated hamburger patties contained fewer than 4.3 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per g. Atypical, toxigenic ornithine decarboxylase-negative E. coli O157:H7 and nontoxigenic sorbitol-positive E. coli O157:H29 were also recovered. Both enrichment broths gave strong positive reactions with the two immunoassay screening methods, but E. coli O157:H7 was recovered more often from mEC+n broth than from dmTSB. Both screening methods gave positive results for 44 of the 45 beef samples found to contain E. coli O157:H7. False-positive results were frequently observed with both screening methods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Johnson, J L AU - Rose, B E AU - Sharar, A K AU - Ransom, G M AU - Lattuada, C P AU - McNamara, A M AD - USDA, FSIS, S&T, MD, Microbiol. Methods Eval. and Dev. Branch, Bldg. 322 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 597 EP - 603 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - detection KW - food-borne diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17052569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Methods+used+for+detection+and+recovery+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+associated+with+a+food-borne+disease+outbreak&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+L%3BRose%2C+B+E%3BSharar%2C+A+K%3BRansom%2C+G+M%3BLattuada%2C+C+P%3BMcNamara%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; food contamination; detection; food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Licorice-derived compounds inhibit linoleic acid (C:18:2 omega 6) desaturation in soybean chloroplasts AN - 17052422; 3882424 AB - Although glycyrrhizic acid, a major constituent of licorice root, has important pharmacological effects in humans, the biological activity of glycyrrhizic acid and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid in plants is unknown. Here we report that these licorice-derived compounds and the analog carbenoxolone inhibit desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2 omega 6) in soybean chloroplasts using monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine substrates in an in vitro assay for desaturase activity. At 10 nM glycyrrhetinic acid, there is significant inhibition of desaturation of linoleic acid suggesting that licorice-derived compounds could prove useful in investigating biochemical pathways of linoleic acid desaturation in plant chloroplasts and plant desaturase regulation, which has application in modification of plant response to environmental stress, as well as optimization of oil seed composition. JF - FEBS Letters AU - Norman, HA AU - Pillai, P AU - Baker, ME AD - Bldg. 264, Rm. 105 Weed Sci. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 135 EP - 138 VL - 368 IS - 1 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - glycyrrhizic acid KW - licorice KW - linoleic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - environmental stress KW - soybeans KW - chloroplasts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17052422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Licorice-derived+compounds+inhibit+linoleic+acid+%28C%3A18%3A2+omega+6%29+desaturation+in+soybean+chloroplasts&rft.au=Norman%2C+HA%3BPillai%2C+P%3BBaker%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental stress; soybeans; chloroplasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of irrigation frequency on cotton yield in short-season production systems AN - 17051651; 3874284 AB - In irrigated desert areas of the southwestern USA, fruiting of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) typically peaks in July. Water management during the fruiting period can influence cotton lint yields. This study tested the hypothesis that small frequent irrigations during the July peak fruiting stage would increase fruit set and yields compared with the same amount of water applied less frequently. During 3 yr under a short-season production system, irrigation intervals of 5-d with 42 mm of water applied at each of six irrigations increased lint yield by 5 to 11% compared with irrigation intervals of 10- and 15-d with 81 and 130 mm of water applied at each of three and two irrigations, respectively. Average stomatal conductance of 1989 and 1991 was higher for the 5-d-irrigation interval than for 10- or 15-d intervals. For 1990 and 1991 average leaf water potentials were higher and average leaf temperatures were lower for the 5-d-irrigation interval than for the other two irrigation intervals. The results show that with the same amount of water conventionally applied through furrow irrigation, small frequent irrigations during cotton fruiting were effective in reducing water deficit during critical growth stages and increasing lint production. The small frequent irrigations did not increase soil salt content in the top 15 cm of soil after 3 yr of study. JF - Crop Science AU - Chu, Chang-chi AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Radin, J W AD - USDA-ARS Western Cotton Res. Lab., Brawley, CA 92227, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1069 EP - 1073 VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - cotton KW - water conservation KW - crop yield KW - irrigation scheduling KW - water management KW - drip irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17051651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+irrigation+frequency+on+cotton+yield+in+short-season+production+systems&rft.au=Chu%2C+Chang-chi%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BRadin%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Chang-chi&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation scheduling; crop yield; cotton; water management; drip irrigation; water conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatio-temporal analysis and isopath dynamics of citrus scab in nursery plots AN - 17051555; 3874812 AB - The Gompertz model was selected over three other models to describe temporal progress of disease incidence of citrus scab, caused by Elsinoe fawcetii, in four nurseries and eight disease control test plots of sour orange in Florida. Aggregation of disease was indicated by spatial autocorrelation analysis for nursery plots for all but one assessment date in one nursery. In three of the four nurseries, isopath boundaries moved predominately northward and away from a central focus of disease, presumably in response to splash dispersal of inoculum resulting from both rain showers and sprinkler irrigation. For the four nurseries and the eight disease control test plots, the spatial rate of spread (v) generally was greater early in the epidemics and when measured at distances further from the focus of infection. Rates of scab increase were reduced significantly in disease control plots by applications of captafol or copper at 30-day intervals compared to a water spray control. For all 12 plots, three-dimensional response surfaces of isopath-bounded areas (A sub(i)) versus isopath level (I sub( alpha )) and time (t) in days were fit to complex models via nonlinear regression. The best spatio-temporal model (log-normal additive with synergy and intercept) accounted for >95% of the variation in the data for all 12 data sets. Comparison among observed and predicted spatio-temporal data sets demonstrated that captafol significantly affected the spatio-temporal dynamics of citrus scab epidemics by reducing both inoculum production and providing protection to susceptible new leaves, whereas other control strategies did not. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AD - USDA/ARS, Horticultural Res. Lab., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1082 EP - 1092 VL - 85 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - citrus scab KW - Sphaceloma fawcettii KW - Elsinoe fawcettii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA, Florida KW - Citrus aurantium KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17051555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+analysis+and+isopath+dynamics+of+citrus+scab+in+nursery+plots&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus aurantium; USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection cycle components and disease progress of gray leaf spot on field corn AN - 17049814; 3874817 AB - The epidemiology of gray leaf spot disease (GLS) on field corn (Zea mays) was studied following artificial inoculation with the fungus, Cercospora zeae-maydis. Studies were based on relative differences in selected infection cycle components between a susceptible and a moderately resistant corn hybrid. Area under the disease progress curve, apparent infection rate, number of lesions, and sporulation capacity were lower and latent period was longer on the moderately resistant hybrid than on the susceptible hybrid. Based on comparisons of disease progress curves, infection cycle components, and rainfall patterns, it is postulated that rainfall and sporulation during early infection cycles have a significant effect on development of GLS. Management strategies aimed at decreasing levels of inoculum during early infection cycles are suggested as an effective means of reducing the severity of GLS. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ringer, CE AU - Grybauskas, A P AD - Soil Microb. Syst. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 24 EP - 28 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - grey leafspot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cercospora zeae-maydis KW - leafspot KW - Zea mays KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17049814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Infection+cycle+components+and+disease+progress+of+gray+leaf+spot+on+field+corn&rft.au=Ringer%2C+CE%3BGrybauskas%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Ringer&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Cercospora zeae-maydis; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are heart rot fungi major factors of disturbance in gap-dynamic forests? AN - 17048990; 3874865 AB - Heart rot fungi cause substantial economic loss in many forests, but their ecological roles in altering the speed or direction of succession are frequently overlooked. As heart rot induces trees to die standing or, more commonly, by bole breakage, the fungi that cause heart rot can be viewed as both pathogens and agents of disturbance. Many forests that do not experience frequent, large-scale disturbance, such as those where fire is rare, are composed of old trees. Heart rot fungi are abundant in these old forests and are important ecologically as disturbance agents by initiating and sustaining canopy gaps. Heart rot fungi also have profound influence on numerous structures and processes such as nutrient cycling, vegetation composition, and wildlife habitat. This paper uses the temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska to explore ecological consequences of heart rot, including the role of heart rot fungi in canopy gap formation. A thorough understanding of disturbance ecology in such forests must involve closely integrated research among ecologists, mycologists, and pathologists. JF - Northwest Science AU - Hennon, P E AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Forest Res. Stn., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 284 EP - 293 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Alaska KW - gaps KW - fungi KW - heart rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17048990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Are+heart+rot+fungi+major+factors+of+disturbance+in+gap-dynamic+forests%3F&rft.au=Hennon%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Hennon&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; forests; gaps; fungi; heart rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research seeking agricultural and ecological benefits in the Everglades AN - 17047814; 3874108 AB - The purposes of this article are, first, to present agricultural, ecological, and hydrological evidence that controlling soil subsidence in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) while growing conventional crops may be possible and may additionally resolve some ecological problems related to the hydrological links of the EAA with other regions of the ecosystem; and, second, to describe a research approach designed to confirm these hypotheses. Successful results of this research could both improve ecological conditions in South Florida and make agriculture in the EAA more sustainable. The research seeks to take advantage of similarities between a predominantly sugarcane-rice agriculture and the sawgrass expanse that once predominantly covered the EAA in its natural wetland state. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Glaz, B AD - USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Stn., Canal Point, FL 33438, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 609 EP - 612 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Everglades Agricultural Area KW - USA, Florida Everglades Agricultural Area KW - agricultural pollution KW - ecological effects KW - freshwater pollution KW - pollution control KW - research priorities KW - rice KW - sugarcane KW - water pollution control KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - ecosystems KW - subsidence KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - soil erosion KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - agriculture KW - wetlands KW - erosion control KW - swamps KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17047814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Research+seeking+agricultural+and+ecological+benefits+in+the+Everglades&rft.au=Glaz%2C+B&rft.aulast=Glaz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; wetlands; erosion control; swamps; freshwater pollution; agriculture; subsidence; ecosystems; soil erosion; environmental protection; pollution control; rice; ecological effects; research priorities; sugarcane; water pollution control; USA, Florida, Everglades; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of CVI988/rispens and R2/23, two prototype vaccine strains of serotype 1 Marek's disease virus AN - 17047637; 3878839 AB - Studies were focused on two attenuated serotype 1 Marek's disease (MD) vaccine viruses, CVI988/Rispens (passage 42) and R2/23 (passage 105). Both serotype 1 vaccine viruses provided much higher levels of protection than the prototype MD vaccine, turkey herpesvirus (HVT); the best protection was generally provided by CVI988/Rispens when compared with other vaccines. The efficacy of neither serotype 1 vaccine was improved by mixture with viruses of other serotypes (synergism). No differences between the two serotype 1 vaccines were revealed by cross-neutralization tests, thus excluding preferential in vivo neutralization by maternal antibodies as an explanation for differences in protective efficacy. Neither vaccine strain induced MD lesions or reduced growth rates in 8- or 18-week trials. Neither virus depressed humoral or cellular immune responses to antigenic challenge at 3 or 15 days after vaccination. Both virus strains exhibited altered characteristics during serial backpassage; R2/23 acquired increased oncogenic potential, and CVI988/Rispens acquired the potential for increased viremia titers, accompanied by an increased frequency of both histologic nerve lesions and gross thymic atrophy. During backpassage trials, contact spread was not observed for R2/23 and, surprisingly, seemed relatively limited for CVI988/Rispens. Studies on these two serotype 1 strains generally support the safety and efficacy of the serotype 1 class of MD vaccines. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Witter, R L AU - Lee, L F AU - Fadly, A M AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Avian Dis. Oncol., Lab., 3606 E. Mount Hope Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 269 EP - 284 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Marek's disease virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - synergism KW - immune response KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17047637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+CVI988%2Frispens+and+R2%2F23%2C+two+prototype+vaccine+strains+of+serotype+1+Marek%27s+disease+virus&rft.au=Witter%2C+R+L%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BFadly%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Witter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; synergism; immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative responses to implementation of Cameron-Creole in southwestern Louisiana: An ecosystem-based watershed project AN - 17047365; 3874510 AB - The Cameron-Creole Watershed Project incorporates approximately 113,000 acres in Cameron Parish, Louisiana. The area is bounded by the Gulf intracoastal Waterway on the north, Calcasieu Lake and Calcasieu Pass on the west, Louisiana Highway 27, Little Chenier Ridge, and Little Chenier Canal on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico and Mermentau River on the south. Because of severe saltwater intrusion, marshlands in the area were converting to open water as the salt water killed the vegetation that held the soil of the marsh (SCS 1983). To counter this conversion, a cooperative construction project for watershed protection was established for Cameron-Creole. Sponsors of this project were the Gulf Coast Soil and Water Conservation District, Cameron Parish Police Jury, and the Cameron Parish Gravity Drainage Districts Numbers 3 and 4 (SCS 1967). JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Floyd, MD AD - USDA Nat. Resour. Conservation Serv., Alexandria, LA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 605 EP - 607 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - ecosystem management KW - environmental impact KW - marsh plants KW - saline intrusion KW - saline water intrusion KW - vegetation cover KW - vegetation effects KW - watershed management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - marshes KW - watersheds KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Louisiana, Cameron Parish KW - wetlands KW - construction KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17047365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Vegetative+responses+to+implementation+of+Cameron-Creole+in+southwestern+Louisiana%3A+An+ecosystem-based+watershed+project&rft.au=Floyd%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem management; marshes; wetlands; saline intrusion; environmental impact; vegetation cover; ecosystem disturbance; watersheds; ecosystems; construction; saline water intrusion; marsh plants; watershed management; vegetation effects; USA, Louisiana, Cameron Parish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extra-oral digestion in predaceous terrestrial Arthropoda AN - 17046973; 3871590 AB - At least 79% of predaceous land-dwelling arthropods use extra-oral digestion (EOD) as a means of utilizing relatively large prey with intractable cuticles. Through the injection of potent hydrolytic enzymes, either by refluxing or nonrefluxing application, these predators greatly increase the efficiency of prey extraction and nutrient concentration. The advantages of EOD are expressed ecologically as an abbreviation of handling time and an increase in the nutrient density of consumed food, allowing small predators to consume relatively large prey. The basis of EOD is a highly coordinated combination of biochemical, morphological, and behavioral adaptations that vary with different taxa. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Cohen, A C AD - USDA Agric. Res. Service, Western Cotton Res. Lab., Phoenix, AR 85040, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 85 EP - 104 VL - 40 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Arthropoda KW - predation KW - digestion KW - feeding behavior KW - Z 05171:Alimentary system & nutrition KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17046973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Extra-oral+digestion+in+predaceous+terrestrial+Arthropoda&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=0824301404&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthropoda; digestion; predation; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of European hazelnut by Anisogramma anomala: Ascospore adhesion, mode of penetration of immature shoots, and host response AN - 17045819; 3870482 AB - Ascospores of Anisogramma anomala adhered irreversibly to vegetative internodes of European hazelnut shoots (Corylus avellana) within 5 min of initial contact. The concentration of spores retained was greatest on and at the base of trichomes of the stem internode nearest the apical bud. Reported differences in susceptibility of internodes to infection corresponded to relative differences in spore adhesion and histological maturation in the cuticle and epidermal cells. The infection process was studied with light and transmission electron microscopy on susceptible cv. Ennis. After contact with the host, an adhesive pad developed on the lateral wall of ascospores. Germ hypha penetrated through the pad and host epidermis directly. After breaching the wall, penetration hyphae expanded into vesicles that were similar in morphology to those observed in vitro. However, in all specimens observed, further colonization apparently was restricted by a hypersensitive-like response of the host. Apposition of callose, cell necrosis, and formation of a cicatricial layer isolated the fungus and halted colonization of the adjacent cells. Observations suggest that most attempts by A. anomala to infect C. avellana are prevented by host response and that successful infections are rare. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pinkerton, J N AU - Stone, J K AU - Nelson, S J AU - Johnson, K B AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., 3340 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1260 EP - 1268 VL - 85 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - eastern filbert blight KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - blight KW - ascospores KW - Corylus avellana KW - Anisogramma anomala KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17045819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+European+hazelnut+by+Anisogramma+anomala%3A+Ascospore+adhesion%2C+mode+of+penetration+of+immature+shoots%2C+and+host+response&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+J+N%3BStone%2C+J+K%3BNelson%2C+S+J%3BJohnson%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anisogramma anomala; Corylus avellana; ascospores; blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbivore avoidance of digitalis extracts is not mediated by cardiac glycosides AN - 17045644; 3869342 AB - This study was conducted to determine whether avoidance of digitalis (Digitalis purpurea) by mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is induced by toxic cardiac glycosides. High-performance liquid chromatography and behavioral assays were used to relate animal responses with the presence of common cardiac glycosides in several digitalis extracts. Statistical analyses of multiple-choice tests showed no correlation between cardiac glycoside content and mountain beaver avoidance of apple cubes treated with digitalis extracts. Therefore, we concluded that known toxic cardiac glycosides were not responsible for chemosensory cues that inhibited intake of food treated with digitalis extracts. These results suggest that digitalis is a source of an effective nontoxic herbivore repellent. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Nolte, D L AU - Kelly, K L AU - Kimball, BA AU - Johnston, J J AD - U.S.D.A., A.P.H.I.S., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 9701 Blombreg St., Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1447 EP - 1455 VL - 21 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Digitalis purpurea KW - repellents KW - Aplodontia rufa KW - herbivory KW - cardiac glycosides KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - R 18059:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17045644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Herbivore+avoidance+of+digitalis+extracts+is+not+mediated+by+cardiac+glycosides&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BKelly%2C+K+L%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Digitalis purpurea; Aplodontia rufa; cardiac glycosides; herbivory; repellents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome observed in commercial layers fed diets containing chelated minerals AN - 17045223; 3878888 AB - This study was originally conducted to determine the effect of various chloride levels and consumption of chelated versus non-chelated minerals on egg production and eggshell breaking strength. However, the focus of this report changed after fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was observed in hens that consumed diets containing chelated minerals. No FLHS was observed in hens that consumed a diet that contained non-chelated minerals. Four hundred thirty-two 35-week-old commercial laying hens were housed in individual cages in groups of nine hens each. The treatments were factorially arranged (3 x 2) such that six experimental diets differing in chloride levels and in source of minerals were fed for six 28-day laying periods. A significantly higher mortality attributed to FLHS was observed in hens that consumed the diets having chelated minerals as compared with hens that consumed the diets with non-chelated minerals. No difference in mortality was observed among the hens fed the various chloride diets. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Branton, S L AU - Lott, B D AU - Maslin, W R AU - Day, E J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., South Central Poultry Res. Lab., Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 631 EP - 635 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - feeds KW - egg production KW - egg shells KW - animal breeding KW - minerals KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17045223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Fatty+liver-hemorrhagic+syndrome+observed+in+commercial+layers+fed+diets+containing+chelated+minerals&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BLott%2C+B+D%3BMaslin%2C+W+R%3BDay%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - egg production; feeds; egg shells; animal breeding; minerals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification of a protein from culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum that induces ethylene and necrosis in leaves of Erythroxylum coca AN - 17044537; 3870481 AB - Culture filtrates of Eusarium oxysporum elicited ethylene production and necrosis when applied to leaves of Erythroxylum coca. A protein that induces ethylene production and necrosis in leaves of E. coca was purified from culture filtrates of an isolate of F. oxysporum pathogenic to E. coca. The protein was first concentrated using ultrafiltration where it was retained by a 1-kDa filter. The protein was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography using cation exchange chromatography followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Gel filtration was used as the final purification step and to exchange salts. The protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with an estimated molecular mass of 22.5 kDa. The exact mass was determined by mass spectroscopy to be 23,996.1 Da. The mobility of the protein was not affected by reducing agents, but the 24-kDa protein broke down and was inactivated by excessive heat. The protein constituted a major component of the extracellular proteins produced in cultures three or more days old and reached a maximum concentration between 6 and 12 days. Biological activity of the protein could be detected by induction of ethylene down to a concentration of 50 ng per leaf (approximately 500 ng/g fresh weight) when applied as a hanging drop to the petiole of an excised E. coca leaf. The 24-kDa protein induced ethylene biosynthesis and necrosis in a wide variety of Dicotyledoneae, but we were unable to demonstrate activity in members of the Monocotyledoneae tested. It remains to be determined if the 24-kDa protein plays a role in disease development in the F. oxysporum-E. coca interaction. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bailey, A AD - Biocontrol Plant Diseases Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1250 EP - 1255 VL - 85 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - ethylene KW - Erythroxylum coca KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - necrosis KW - leaves KW - proteins KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Purification+of+a+protein+from+culture+filtrates+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+that+induces+ethylene+and+necrosis+in+leaves+of+Erythroxylum+coca&rft.au=Bailey%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; proteins; necrosis; leaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of the tonsils and nasopharynx of calves by a rifampicin-resistant Pasteurella haemolytica and its inhibition by vaccination AN - 17044450; 3879291 AB - A rifampicin-resistant Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 with 2 added plasmids was used as a colonization-challenge strain in calves to test the resistance to colonization elicited by vaccination. Nine calves were vaccinated with a tissue culture-derived P. haemolytica serotype-1 vaccine which, in a prior study, had elicited a serotype-specific inhibition of nasal and tonsillar colonization by the homologous serotype under field conditions. The vaccinates and 9 nonvaccinated control calves were exposed by tonsillar installation with the challenge strain. The P. haemolytica were enumerated in nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens collected biweekly for 3 weeks. Rifampicin-supplemented agar medium inhibited growth of other bacterial species in the specimens and, thus, increased the sensitivity of detection of the challenge P. haemolytica by 100-fold. The challenge strain retained its plasmids during the period of colonization. Inhibition of colonization was evidenced by lower frequency of isolations and fewer isolations of the challenge strain from nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens of the vaccinates than from those of the nonvaccinates. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Frank, G H AU - Briggs, R E AU - Zehr, E S AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 866 EP - 869 VL - 56 IS - 7 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - antibiotic resistance KW - nasopharynx KW - vaccination KW - colonization KW - tonsil KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+the+tonsils+and+nasopharynx+of+calves+by+a+rifampicin-resistant+Pasteurella+haemolytica+and+its+inhibition+by+vaccination&rft.au=Frank%2C+G+H%3BBriggs%2C+R+E%3BZehr%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nasopharynx; antibiotic resistance; tonsil; colonization; vaccination; Pasteurella haemolytica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and identification of recombinant proteins of Salmonella typhimurium and their use in detection of antibodies in experimentally challenged animals AN - 17044374; 3876118 AB - Antibodies to experimental Salmonella typhimurium challenge in cattle and sheep were assessed by 15 recombinant flagellum proteins. The 15 DNA fragments selected for gene expression were derived from external flagellin, hook, hook-associated protein, and basal body gene domains. Our efforts were focused on characterizing the humoral immune response of Salmonella infected and vaccinated animals and identifying immunodominant antigenic determinants. This communication reports that the 159-261 amino acids of external flagellum (FliCi-1), 285-331 amino acids of hook protein (FlgE-2), and 309-391 amino acids and 440-537 amino acids of hook-associated protein (FlgK-1 and -2) appeared to be the most immunoreactive proteins and were recognized by all of the experimental animal sera tested in this study. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Kwang, J AU - Littledike, E T AD - USDA/ARS, US Meat Anim. Res. Cent., PO Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - flagella KW - recombinants KW - antibodies KW - immunoassays KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - antigens KW - W3 33120:Receptor based (antibodies, etc.) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Production+and+identification+of+recombinant+proteins+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+and+their+use+in+detection+of+antibodies+in+experimentally+challenged+animals&rft.au=Kwang%2C+J%3BLittledike%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Kwang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flagella; recombinants; antibodies; immunoassays; antigens; Salmonella typhimurium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of baseline data on the microbiota of meats AN - 17044080; 3872745 AB - The United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service has initiated the National Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Programs to determine the prevalence and levels of selected bacteria on meat and poultry slaughtered under federal inspection. This paper reviews the methodology and results of the first completed study on samples collected from steer and heifer carcasses. Potential applications for this type of testing are discussed. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - McNamara, A M AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, Microbiol. Division United States Dep. Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 113 EP - 119 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - meat KW - inspection KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - data collection KW - food contamination KW - bacteria KW - government programs KW - microbiology KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+baseline+data+on+the+microbiota+of+meats&rft.au=McNamara%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food contamination; microbiology; government programs; bacteria; data collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol AN - 17042148; 3876402 AB - Recycling the contents of a continuous fermentor through a stripping column is proposed as a means of reducing product inhibition and lowering the cost of fuel ethanol production. A 2-L fermentor and 10-cm packed column were continuously operated for 150 days without contamination. Some fouling of the packing with attached yeast cells was observed which partially blocked the column. Cell yield was lower than in a simple continuous fermentor. Complete conversion of 200 g/L glucose feed and 90% conversion of 600 g/L glucose feed were achieved. Data were analyzed by computerized process simulation. Cost analysis indicated that, with heat recovery to reduce heating and cooling costs, the continuous fermentor/stripper is possibly a lower-cost alternative to conventional fermentation and distillation. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Taylor, F AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Goldberg, N AU - Craig, JC Jr AD - Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 693 EP - 698 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - continuous culture KW - fermentation KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17042148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Continuous+fermentation+and+stripping+of+ethanol&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - continuous culture; fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean dwarf, bean leaf roll, and beet western yellows luteoviruses in Southeastern U.S. white clover AN - 17041082; 3871667 AB - Leaf samples collected from white clover plants in several eastern and southeastern states between 1986 and 1991 were tested for the presence of soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), bean leaf roll virus (BLRV), and beet western yellows virus (BWYV) by aphid transmission and serology. The majority of the 991 samples were from randomly selected, asymptomatic, white clover plants in or near established clover stands. We report here the widespread occurrence of SbDV and BLRV in the southeastern United States. Nearly 25% of all white clover samples contained SbDV, BLRV, or both, while less than 10% contained BWYV. JF - Plant Disease AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Stone, AL AU - Hewings, AD AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 48 EP - 50 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Southeastern KW - bean leaf roll virus KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - soybean dwarf virus KW - beet western yellows virus KW - Trifolium repens KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17041082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Soybean+dwarf%2C+bean+leaf+roll%2C+and+beet+western+yellows+luteoviruses+in+Southeastern+U.S.+white+clover&rft.au=Damsteegt%2C+V+D%3BStone%2C+AL%3BHewings%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Damsteegt&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soybean dwarf virus; beet western yellows virus; Trifolium repens ER - TY - CONF T1 - Initial assessment of multi-scale measures of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O flux in the Siberian taiga AN - 17039849; 3872394 AB - We measured CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O fluxes between undisturbed Larix gmelinii forest and the atmosphere at a remote Eastern Siberian site in July 1993. Scaled-up leaf-level porometer measurements agreed with those derived from the eddy correlation technique for the canopy fluxes of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O. Patch-scale measurements of ecosystem CO sub(2) exchange agreed in turn with regional CO sub(2) exchange rates derived from aircraft measurements made throughout the convective boundary layer. At all scales, midsummer CO sub(2) fluxes for this vast, dry boreal forest were low, with maximum C uptake rates of only about 5 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1). JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Hollinger, D Y AU - Kelliher, F M AU - Schulze, E-D AU - Vygodskaya, N N AU - Varlagin, A AU - Milukova, I AU - Byers, J N AU - Sogachov, A AU - Hunt, JE AU - McSeveny, T M Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 425 EP - 431 VL - 22 IS - 2-3 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - atmospheric boundary layer KW - Larix KW - Russia KW - water exchange KW - D 04140:Taiga/tundra UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17039849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Initial+assessment+of+multi-scale+measures+of+CO+sub%282%29+and+H+sub%282%29O+flux+in+the+Siberian+taiga&rft.au=Hollinger%2C+D+Y%3BKelliher%2C+F+M%3BSchulze%2C+E-D%3BVygodskaya%2C+N+N%3BVarlagin%2C+A%3BMilukova%2C+I%3BByers%2C+J+N%3BSogachov%2C+A%3BHunt%2C+JE%3BMcSeveny%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Hollinger&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors involved in the emergence and persistence of food-borne diseases AN - 17036537; 3873480 AB - In recent years, a number of bacteria, viruses, and parasites have emerged as food-borne pathogens and resulted in numerous food-borne disease outbreaks. These outbreaks have had a major impact in terms of loss of human lives and economic costs. Genetic changes in microorganisms resulting in increased virulence, changes in social attitudes and eating habits, changes in food production and distribution systems, an increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, and improved pathogen-detection methods are some of the factors that have contributed to the emergence/recognition and persistence of food-borne pathogens. The causes leading to the emergence of new food-borne pathogens or the reemergence of pathogens involve the interaction of several factors. This review discusses in detail factors involved in the emergence/recognition and persistence of several bacterial, parasitic, viral, and virus-like agents associated with food-borne diseases of public-health significance. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AU - Fratamico, P M AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 696 EP - 708 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - bacterial diseases KW - food poisoning KW - food-borne diseases KW - health and safety KW - human food KW - parasitic diseases KW - persistence KW - viral diseases KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - parasites KW - pathogens KW - epidemiology KW - bacteria KW - viruses KW - public health KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Factors+involved+in+the+emergence+and+persistence+of+food-borne+diseases&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - parasites; parasitic diseases; persistence; food poisoning; viral diseases; epidemiology; pathogens; health and safety; bacteria; viruses; human food; bacterial diseases; public health; food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroxylated atrazine degradation products in a small Missouri stream AN - 17035510; 3873783 AB - This research assessed the occurrence of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) in streamwater from Goodwater Creek watershed in the claypan soil region of northeastern Missouri. Streamwater was sampled weekly from June 1992 to December 1994 at a V-notch weir used to measure streamflow for this 7250-ha watershed. Filtered water samples were prepared by cation exchange solid-phase extraction and analyzed for hydroxyatrazine (HA), deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA) by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. HADPs were confirmed by mass spectrometry and an alternative HPLC/UV method. Frequency of HADP detection was 100% for HA, 25% for DEHA, and 6% for DIHA. Concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 5.7 mu g L super(-1) for HA, from <0.12 to 1.9 mu g L super(-1) for DEHA, and from <0.12 to 0.72 mu g L super(-1) for DIHA. These results establish that HADPs can contaminate surface water and that HA contamination of surface water is a significant fate pathway for atrazine in this watershed. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Lerch, R N AU - Donald, W W AU - Li, Yong-Xi AU - Alberts, EE AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Res. Unit., 269 Agric. Eng. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2759 EP - 2768 VL - 29 IS - 11 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - atrazine KW - chromatography KW - degradation KW - pollutant persistence KW - pollutants KW - pollution monitoring KW - sampling KW - stream pollution KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Missouri KW - biodegradation KW - herbicides KW - surface water KW - water sampling KW - pesticides KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17035510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+in+a+small+Missouri+stream&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BDonald%2C+W+W%3BLi%2C+Yong-Xi%3BAlberts%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency turns 25. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; pollution monitoring; degradation; sampling; pollutants; herbicides; pollutant persistence; surface water; water sampling; watersheds; pesticides; chromatography; atrazine; streams; stream pollution; USA, Missouri; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pasteurella multocida isolated from wild birds of North America: A serotype and DNA fingerprint study of isolates from 1978 to 1993 AN - 17033759; 3868075 AB - Serotype and DNA fingerprint methods were used to study Pasteurella multocida isolated from 320 wild birds of North America. Isolates were collected during 1978-93. The HhaI profiles of 314 isolates matched the HhaI profile of somatic reference type 1, strain X-73; somatic type 1 antigen was expressed by 310 isolates, and the serotype of four isolates was undetected. Differentiation of the 314 isolates was observed by digestion of DNA with HpaII. None of the HpaII profiles matched the HpaII profile of X-73 (designated HhaI 001/HpaII 001). Three HpaII profiles were recognized among the somatic type 1 isolates: HpaII 002 (n = 18), HpaII 003 (n = 122), and HpaII 004 (n = 174). Profile HpaII 002 was found among isolates collected during 1979-83. Profile HpaII 003 was identified from isolates collected during 1979-89, with the exception of two isolates in 1992. The HpaII 004 profile was identified from isolates collected during 1983-93. Of the six remaining isolates, four expressed somatic type 4 and had HhaI profiles identical to the somatic type 4 reference strain P-1662 profile (designated HhaI 004); these isolates were differentiated by digestion of DNA with HpaII. One isolate was identified as serotype F:11, and another was serotype A:3,4. In the present study, 314 of 316 (99.4%) isolates from wild birds in the Central, Mississippi, and Pacific flyways during 1978-93, were P. multocida somatic type 1. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Wilson, MA AU - Duncan, R M AU - Nordholm, GE AU - Berlowski, B M AD - USDA, Anim. and Plant Health Inspect. Serv., Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 587 EP - 593 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - serotyping KW - pasteurellosis KW - DNA KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - J 02725:DNA KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17033759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Pasteurella+multocida+isolated+from+wild+birds+of+North+America%3A+A+serotype+and+DNA+fingerprint+study+of+isolates+from+1978+to+1993&rft.au=Wilson%2C+MA%3BDuncan%2C+R+M%3BNordholm%2C+GE%3BBerlowski%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; serotyping; DNA; DNA fingerprinting; pasteurellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure and immunogenicity of experimental foot-and-mouth disease and poliomyelitis vaccines AN - 17032581; 3866056 AB - The physico-chemical properties and immunogenicity of experimental vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and poliomyelitis, prepared by treatment of the viruses with N-acetylethyleneimine (AEI), formaldehyde or neutral red, have been studied. None of these reagents affects the rate of sedimentation of the particles or their reaction with antibody against the major immunogenic sites. FMD vaccines prepared by inactivation with AEI or neutral red, behaved like the untreated virus, in that they were disrupted on lowering the pH below 7. The RNA of the AEI-inactivated virus was degraded into slowly sedimenting molecules. Unlike AEI-inactivated virus, from which all the RNA could be extracted with phenol-SDS, the recovery from the neutral red inactivated virus was variable and was sometimes as low as 40%; this RNA gave a heterogenous profile in sucrose gradients. The capsid proteins in the AEI preparation migrated in SDS-PAGE to the same positions as those of untreated virus, but in the neutral red preparation there was evidence of cross-linking. In contrast, the formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine was stable below pH 7 and the RNA could not be released by extraction with phenol-SDS at pH 5, because the capsid proteins had become cross-linked and/or linked to the RNA. As with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), poliovirus which had been inactivated with formaldehyde did not release its RNA on extraction with phenol-SDS and the capsid proteins were also cross-linked. Surprisingly, although AEI cleaved the viral RNA slowly in situ, the virus was no longer infectious after 6 h. Neutral red did not reduce the infectivity of the virus. All of the preparations gave similar levels of neutralizing antibody after a single inoculation. The high levels obtained with the formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines have implications for the processing of fixed particles by the antigen-presenting cells. JF - Vaccine AU - Twomey, T AU - Newman, J AU - Burrage, T AU - Piatti, P AU - Lubroth, J AU - Brown, F AD - USDA Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1603 EP - 1610 VL - 13 IS - 16 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - vaccines KW - structure KW - poliomyelitis KW - immunogenicity KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17032581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Structure+and+immunogenicity+of+experimental+foot-and-mouth+disease+and+poliomyelitis+vaccines&rft.au=Twomey%2C+T%3BNewman%2C+J%3BBurrage%2C+T%3BPiatti%2C+P%3BLubroth%2C+J%3BBrown%2C+F&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - structure; vaccines; poliomyelitis; immunogenicity; foot-and-mouth disease virus ER - TY - CONF T1 - A two-dimensional model of leaf gas exchange with special reference to leaf anatomy AN - 17031404; 3871927 AB - This model of leaf gas exchange includes (1) two-dimensional CO sub(2), O sub(2) and water vapour diffusion in intercellular space schematized according to leaf anatomy, (2) CO sub(2) assimilation by mesophyll cells as described by Farquhar's model of photosynthesis and (3) stomatal movements as a regulating factor. Parameters describing the leaf cross-section and gas diffusion properties replace the empirical parameters of earlier models. The model was tested for soybean and performed well in representing light, CO sub(2) concentration ([CO sub(2)]), and temperature response curves as well as the dependence of transpiration on temperature and water vapour deficit. The model allows the calculation of the steady state distribution of CO sub(2) and water vapour concentrations in the intercellular space and the boundary layer. The direct calculation of diffusion in leaves showed that stomatal aperture effectively regulates the transpiration rate but usually has a much smaller effect on the rate of assimilation. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Pachepsky, L B AU - Haskett, J D AU - Acock, B Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 209 EP - 214 VL - 22 IS - 2-3 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - photosynthesis KW - transpiration KW - leaves KW - Glycine max KW - gas exchange KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17031404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=A+two-dimensional+model+of+leaf+gas+exchange+with+special+reference+to+leaf+anatomy&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+L+B%3BHaskett%2C+J+D%3BAcock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the temporal and spatial validity of site-specific models derived from airborne remote sensing of phytoplankton AN - 17030466; 3860566 AB - Validations of predictive models are necessary for the accurate application of remotely sensed imagery within ecological research and fisheries management. Multiple regression models derived from airborne imagery on 16 May 1990 accurately depicted phytoplankton biomass and turbidity within aquaculture impoundments. To examine their temporal validity, the exact models, as well as identical model forms, were fit to similar imagery and in situ data collected on 20 June 1990. None of the exact models for 16 May accurately predicted in situ data on 20 June; however, model forms were robust for describing in situ variables. To examine their spatial validity, identical model forms were fit to in situ data partitioned among phytoplankton composition and biomass. The fit of the models and the contribution of imagery variables to the models varied among in situ variables. Although imagery variables explained all of the observed variability for turbidity, regression tree modeling indicated that a significant proportion of the variability in chlorophyll distribution both among and within impoundments was explained through both imagery variables and phytoplankton biomass. Consequently, universal models for the airborne remote sensing of water-quality variables in systems having distinct optical signatures is unlikely. Rather, robust site-specific models will need to be developed. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Millie, D F AU - Vinyard, B T AU - Baker, M C AU - Tucker, C S AD - U.S.D.A., Agric. Res. Serv., Southern Reg. Res. Cent., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1094 EP - 1107 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - phytoplankton KW - biomass KW - turbidity KW - remote sensing KW - K 03009:Algae KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Testing+the+temporal+and+spatial+validity+of+site-specific+models+derived+from+airborne+remote+sensing+of+phytoplankton&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BVinyard%2C+B+T%3BBaker%2C+M+C%3BTucker%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1094&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; phytoplankton; remote sensing; biomass; turbidity ER - TY - CONF T1 - The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System AN - 17030397; 3868066 AB - The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) manages the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The USDA's National Genetic Resources Program was created in 1990, using the NPGS as the model by which other life forms would also be preserved and utilized. While the NPGS is a broadly defined system, ARS has a specific role of acquiring, characterizing, preserving, documenting, and distributing germplasm to scientist users for research and breeding. The NPGS provides genetic resources to users at no cost but with a request to return data to incorporate in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database. The database is available as hard copy, diskette through PC-GRIN, and, for some crops, a CD-ROM disk. Service to users is the primary objective. The NPGS and 40 crop advisory committees exchange technical information on the most important conservation issues. Recent research advances at the National Seed Storage Laboratory provide guidance for storage management of orthodox and desiccation-sensitive seed and vegetative germplasm. Cryopreservation may receive more attention and play a more important role for the vegetative germplasm because improved seed management under conventional refrigerated storage is now possible. JF - Canadian Journal of Plant Science/Revue Canadienne de Phytotechnie AU - Shands, H L Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 75 IS - 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - genetics KW - USA KW - germplasm KW - data bases KW - crops KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Plant+Science%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Phytotechnie&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+National+Plant+Germplasm+System&rft.au=Shands%2C+H+L&rft.aulast=Shands&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Plant+Science%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Phytotechnie&rft.issn=00084220&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of tillage and farming system upon populations and distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AN - 17029734; 3868461 AB - Conventional and low-input Zea mays L./Glycine max (L.) Merr./Triticum aestivum L. rotations were established in 1988 with tillage treatments ranging from no-till to moldboard plowing. Sampling for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was conducted in October, 1992, after a soybean crop, and in May, 1993 during winter wheat reproductive development. Soil cores were removed to a depth of 27 cm and divided into 9 cm sections. Spores were isolated from this soil, characterized, and quantified. Field soil was used for an infectivity assay in the greenhouse using Paspalum notatum Flugge as host plant. Farming system significantly affected populations of VAM fungi. Soil in low-input agriculture had greater populations of Glomus occultum type group spores and other Glomus spp., whereas the conventionally farmed soil had greater populations of Glomus etunicatum type group spores. Tillage regime affected populations. The G. occultum group was more numerous under no-till, while the Glomus spp. and G. etunicatum groups were more numerous in soils under cultivation. The G. occultum group also was more numerous in the deepest soil section, whereas other groups were more numerous in the top and middle sections. Soil from low input plots produced greater colonization in the greenhouse assay than soil from conventionally farmed plots. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Galvez, L AU - Janke, R R AU - Wagoner, P AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 111 EP - 118 VL - 52 IS - 2-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Glomus occultum KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - crop rotation KW - Glomus etunicatum KW - Glycine max KW - Triticum aestivum KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Zea mays KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17029734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Effect+of+tillage+and+farming+system+upon+populations+and+distribution+of+vesicular-arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BGalvez%2C+L%3BJanke%2C+R+R%3BWagoner%2C+P&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus etunicatum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; crop rotation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Productivity and water use of wheat under free-air CO sub(2) enrichment AN - 17025980; 3866385 AB - A free-air CO sub(2) enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted at Maricopa, Arizona, on wheat from December 1992 through May 1993. The FACE apparatus maintained the CO sub(2) concentration, [CO sub(2)], at 550 mu mol mol super(-1) across four replicate 25-m-diameter circular plots under natural conditions in an open field. Four matching Control plots at ambient [CO sub(2)] (about 370 mu mol mol super(-1)) were also installed in the field. In addition to the two levels of [CO sub(2)], there were ample (Wet) and limiting (Dry) levels of water supplied through a subsurface drip irrigation system in a strip, split-plot design. Measurements were made of net radiation, R sub(n); soil heat flux, G sub(o); soil temperature; foliage or surface temperature; air dry and wet bulb temperatures; and wind speed. Sensible heat flux, H, was calculated from the wind and temperature measurements. Latent heat flux, lambda ET, and evapotranspiration, ET, were determined as the residual in the energy balance. The FACE treatment reduced daily total R sub(n) by an average 4%. Daily FACE sensible heat flux, H, was higher in the FACE plots. Daily latent heat flux, lambda ET, and evapotranspiration, ET, were consistently lower in the FACE plots than in the Control plots for most of the growing season, about 8% on the average. Net canopy photosynthesis was stimulated by an average 19 and 44% in the Wet and Dry plots, respectively, by elevated [CO sub(2)] for most of the growing season. No significant acclimation or down regulation was observed. There was little above-ground growth response to elevated [CO sub(2)] early in the season when temperatures were cool. Then, as temperatures warmed into spring, the FACE plants grew about 20% more than the Control plants at ambient [CO sub(2)], as shown by above-ground biomass accumulation. Root biomass accumulation was also stimulated about 20%. In May the FACE plants matured and senesced about a week earlier than the Controls in the Wet plots. The FACE plants averaged 0.6 degree C warmer than the Controls from February through April in the well-watered plots, and we speculate that this temperature rise contributed to the earlier maturity. Because of the acceleration of senescence, there was a shortening of the duration of grain filling, and consequently, there was a narrowing of the final biomass and yield differences. The 20% mid-season growth advantage of FACE shrunk to about an 8% yield advantage in the Wet plots, while the yield differences between FACE and Control remained at about 20% in the Dry plots. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Kimball, BA AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Garcia, R L AU - LaMorte, R L AU - Wall, G W AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Wechsung, G AU - Wechsung, F AU - Kartschall, T Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 429 EP - 442 VL - 1 IS - 6 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - water use KW - photosynthesis KW - Triticum KW - productivity KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Productivity+and+water+use+of+wheat+under+free-air+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BGarcia%2C+R+L%3BLaMorte%2C+R+L%3BWall%2C+G+W%3BHunsaker%2C+D+J%3BWechsung%2C+G%3BWechsung%2C+F%3BKartschall%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foraging behaviors of snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and yellow-crowned night-herons (Nyctanassa violacea) in south Louisiana AN - 17025925; 3863218 AB - We report two previously undescribed foraging techniques used by Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula) and Yellow-crowned Night-Herons (Nyctanassa violacea) to catch crawfish (Procambarus spp.). Snowy Egrets were selecting crawfish that had recently molted their shells and Yellow-crowned Night-Herons were targeting crawfish that were emerging from their burrows. These observations were conducted on commercial crawfish ponds near Catahoula, LA, USA. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - Tommy King, D AU - LeBlanc, D AD - USDA/APHIS, Anim. Damage Control, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Mississippi Res. Stn., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State Univ., MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 224 EP - 225 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - aquatic birds KW - feeding behavior KW - food selection KW - foraging behavior KW - freshwater crustaceans KW - prey selection KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Nyctanassa violacea KW - Freshwater KW - Procambarus KW - Egretta thula KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Foraging+behaviors+of+snowy+egrets+%28Egretta+thula%29+and+yellow-crowned+night-herons+%28Nyctanassa+violacea%29+in+south+Louisiana&rft.au=Tommy+King%2C+D%3BLeBlanc%2C+D&rft.aulast=Tommy+King&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - prey selection; aquatic birds; freshwater crustaceans; food selection; foraging behavior; feeding behavior; Nyctanassa violacea; Procambarus; Egretta thula; USA, Louisiana; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environment and ontogeny modify loblolly pine response to induced acute water deficits and bark beetle attack AN - 17025898; 3857621 AB - We evaluated the impact of tree resistance on within-tree population dynamics of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., as affected by prevailing water regimes, acute water deficits imposed by applying dry-ice (solid CO sub(2)) collars to tree boles, and by the seasonal ontogeny of pines. We conducted the study in the spring of 1986, when bole cambial growth had not yet shifted from earlywood to latewood formation, and in the summer of 1987, when latewood formation was well advanced. In each year there were five treated and five control trees. In 1986, under relatively well-watered conditions, results did not support the hypothesis that induced acute water deficit will enhance success of southern pine beetle attack and brood production. All trees were readily attacked and overcome with no apparent beneficial effects of the dry-ice treatment on within-tree population dynamics. In 1987, under drier conditions, results supported the hypothesis. Treated trees again were readily colonized, but three of the five control trees resisted attack to the extent that all attacks eventually failed. In 1986, all study trees maintained relatively high water potentials for more than 3 weeks following beetle attack. However, resin yields from bark wounds decreased rapidly. In contrast, water potentials of controls decreased gradually in 1987 and resin yields increased as controls resisted beetle attacks. Water potential of treated trees dropped rapidly 2 weeks after initial beetle attack, and resin yields decreased rapidly, as they did in 1986. Consideration of environmental conditions and ontogenetic stage of host trees is extremely important in attempts to assess the effects of manipulative treatments on tree susceptibility to beetle attacks. Further, they illustrate the dynamic nature of tree resistance to beetle attack in the absence of abnormal stresses. Simultaneous study of environmental conditions, as well as physiological changes associated with ontogeny of trees, can effectively support research on interactions between bark beetles and host trees. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Lorio, PL Jr AU - Stephen, F M AU - Paine, T D AD - South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Forest Insect Res., 2500 Shreveport Hgw., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 97 EP - 110 VL - 73 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - environmental factors KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus taeda KW - ontogeny KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - pest attack KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Environment+and+ontogeny+modify+loblolly+pine+response+to+induced+acute+water+deficits+and+bark+beetle+attack&rft.au=Lorio%2C+PL+Jr%3BStephen%2C+F+M%3BPaine%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Lorio&rft.aufirst=PL&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; environmental factors; ontogeny; pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping and manipulating quantitative traits in maize AN - 17025601; 3866553 AB - Maize has been used effectively as a model organism in the development and evaluation of molecular markers for the identification, mapping and manipulation of major genes affecting the expression of quantitative traits in plants. Although quantitative geneticists have recognized the possibility of major loci, the general dogma had emerged that quantitative traits were controlled by many loci, each with a small effect. This interpretation sent a signal to the molecular biologists not to bother with quantitative traits because it would be essentially impossible to isolate a gene responsible for the trait. Recent results from numerous mapping studies have shown that quantitative traits are controlled by, at least some, factors with major effects, and have given credibility to the conclusion that major loci exist and that one might be able to study them. Positive results from marker-facilitated selection and introgression studies have further strengthened this conclusion. JF - Trends in Genetics AU - Stuber, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Genet., State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 477 EP - 481 VL - 11 IS - 12 SN - 0168-9525, 0168-9525 KW - model systems KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - reviews KW - Zea mays KW - gene mapping KW - quantitative trait loci KW - genetic markers KW - selection KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mapping+and+manipulating+quantitative+traits+in+maize&rft.au=Stuber%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Stuber&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Genetics&rft.issn=01689525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Multifactorial Inheritance. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; gene mapping; quantitative trait loci; genetic markers; selection; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of soybean sudden death syndrome in east-central Illinois and associated yield losses AN - 17025240; 3866881 AB - Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybeans, causal organism Fusarium solani, occurred for the first time in epidemic proportions in east-central Illinois in 1993. SDS occurred in 46% of the soybean fields, based on air and ground surveys. Within fields containing plants with SDS, the percent area affected ranged from 1 to 70% with an average of 7.3 and 13.9% for ground and aerial surveys, respectively. Soil samples taken in 25 fields in areas where all plants showed SDS symptoms and in adjacent areas where plants appeared healthy did not differ in cyst populations of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Disease severity and yield components were compared from replicated plots at an experimental farm and in a commercial field and in a nonreplicated commercial field. Diseased plants from infested areas had fewer pods and seeds and less 300-seed weights. Plant yields were 46, 41, and 20% less for plants in plots with a high incidence of SDS than were the yields for those with a low incidence of SDS in a nonreplicated commercial field, replicated plots at an experimental farm, and a commercial field, respectively. Seed germination was less and the frequency of Phomopsis spp. was greater on seeds harvested from plants in plots with a high occurrence of SDS compared to plots with a low occurrence of SDS. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartman, G L AU - Noel, G R AU - Gray, LE AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801-4709, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 314 EP - 318 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, Illinois KW - seed germination KW - crop production KW - Glycine max KW - plant diseases KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+soybean+sudden+death+syndrome+in+east-central+Illinois+and+associated+yield+losses&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BNoel%2C+G+R%3BGray%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; Glycine max; USA, Illinois; plant diseases; crop production; seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A small-insert bovine genomic library highly enriched for microsatellite repeat sequences AN - 17024752; 3854409 AB - A bovine genomic phagemid library was constructed with randomly sheared DNA. Enrichment of this single-stranded DNA library with CA or GT primers resulted in 45% positive clones. The 14% of positive clones with (CA times GT) >12, and not containing flanking repetitive element, were sequenced, and the efficiency of marker production was compared with random M13 bacteriophage libraries. Primer sequences and genotyping information are presented for 390 informative bovine microsatellite markers. The genomic frequency for 11 tri- and tetranucleotide repeats was estimated by hybridization to a lambda genomic library. Only GCT, GGT, and GGAT were estimated to have a frequency of >100 per genome. Enrichment of the phagemid library for these repeats failed to provide a viable source of microsatellite markers in the bovine. Comparison of map interval lengths between 100 markers from the enriched library prepared from randomly sheared DNA and M13 bacteriophage libraries prepared from Mbo1 restriction digests suggested no bias in skeletal genomic coverage based on source of small insert DNA. In conclusion, enrichment of the bovine phagemid library provides a sufficient source of microsatellites so that small repeat lengths and flanking repetitive sequences common in the bovine can be eliminated, resulting in a high percentage of informative markers. JF - Mammalian Genome AU - Stone, R T AU - Pulido, J C AU - Duyk, G M AU - Kappes, S M AU - Keele, J W AU - Beattie, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent. (MARC), P.O. Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933-0166, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 714 EP - 724 VL - 6 IS - 10 SN - 0938-8990, 0938-8990 KW - cattle KW - repeated sequence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Mammalia KW - DNA KW - gene libraries KW - genetic markers KW - microsatellites KW - phage lambda KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Genome&rft.atitle=A+small-insert+bovine+genomic+library+highly+enriched+for+microsatellite+repeat+sequences&rft.au=Stone%2C+R+T%3BPulido%2C+J+C%3BDuyk%2C+G+M%3BKappes%2C+S+M%3BKeele%2C+J+W%3BBeattie%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mammalian+Genome&rft.issn=09388990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; DNA; gene libraries; genetic markers; microsatellites; Mammalia; phage lambda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sugar analogs as potential fungicides for post-harvest pathogens of apple and peach AN - 17024699; 3866884 AB - One-percent solutions of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-mannose, raffinose, L-sorbose, and 2-deoxy-D-ribose were tested as potential fungicides in apple and peach fruit wounds inoculated with Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in apple and Monilinia fructicola in peach. Among the sugar analogs tested, only 2-deoxy-D-glucose was effective in controlling decay in inoculated apple and peach fruit. A slight reduction in lesion diameter was detected with L-sorbose and D-mannose. Radial growth of B cinerea, P. expansum, M. fructicola, and Rhizopus stolonifer was completely inhibited in vitro when 2-deoxy-D-glucose was incorporated into a potato-dextrose agar medium at a 1.0% concentration. Severe alterations in fungal growth were also observed including excessive branching, shortening of the hyphal segments, and hyphal swelling. The sugar analog, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, shows promise as a treatment for postharvest diseases. Effective formulations that are safe to humans must be developed before this technology can be used commercially. JF - Plant Disease AU - El-Ghaouth, A AU - Wilson, CL AU - Wisniewski, ME AD - USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 254 EP - 258 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - 2-deoxy-D-glucose KW - sorbose KW - 2-deoxy-D-ribose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - antifungal agents KW - fruits KW - Monilinia fructicola KW - Penicillium expansum KW - food contamination KW - blue mold KW - post-harvest decay KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Sugar+analogs+as+potential+fungicides+for+post-harvest+pathogens+of+apple+and+peach&rft.au=El-Ghaouth%2C+A%3BWilson%2C+CL%3BWisniewski%2C+ME&rft.aulast=El-Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium expansum; Monilinia fructicola; fruits; blue mold; food contamination; antifungal agents; post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the spatial spread of sharka (plum pox virus) in apricot and peach orchards in eastern Spain AN - 17024651; 3866872 AB - Spatial patterns of sharka disease, caused by plum pox virus (PPV) and vectored by several species of aphid, were determined by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antibodies in newly infected, mature apricot and peach orchards in eastern Spain. Among yearly assessments of plots examined for within- and across-row aggregation of adjacent sharka-diseased trees, only a few transects were found to have aggregation by ordinary runs analyses. Analyses, using beta-binomial index of dispersion (I sub( beta )) to determine if spatial aggregation was present in each plot for data partitioned into quadrats of different spatial dimension, demonstrated occasional aggregation and results were generally inconclusive. Significant (I sub( beta )) values, when present, were generally found associated with plots with higher disease incidence. No disease gradients were discernible for any of the plots and years. More rigorous spatial analyses were used to test for spatial relationships over longer distances. Two-dimensional distance class analyses indicated a spatial dependency of PPV-infected stone-fruit trees over distance, a general scarcity of significant distance classes near the origin, and the presence of significant distance classes occasionally comprising small loose clusters at distances near the center or distal end of the proximity matrices especially during the initial stages of the epidemics. Geostatistical analysis confirmed the lack of significant associations among immediately adjacent trees and the trend for higher order spatial associations in semivariograms for distances corresponding to the center and distal ends of the proximity matrices. This trend in semivariance over distance was best described by linear or exponential increase models compared with transitional models commonly used in geostatistics. Correlation analysis indicated a significant conservation of orientation of localized systemic infections in scaffold branches over years. The spatial patterns of sharka suggest the lack of movement of PPV-viruliferous aphid vectors to immediately adjacent trees and their preferential movement to trees several tree spaces away. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Avinent, L AU - Llacer, G AU - De-Mendoza, AH AU - Cambra, M AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 266 EP - 278 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Prunus armeniaca KW - Spain KW - epidemiology KW - plum pox virus KW - disease spread KW - orchards KW - plant diseases KW - Prunus persica KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+spatial+spread+of+sharka+%28plum+pox+virus%29+in+apricot+and+peach+orchards+in+eastern+Spain&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BAvinent%2C+L%3BLlacer%2C+G%3BDe-Mendoza%2C+AH%3BCambra%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plum pox virus; Prunus armeniaca; Prunus persica; Spain; plant diseases; epidemiology; disease spread; orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology of the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the island of Ni'ihau, Hawai'i AN - 17024186; 3858277 AB - Ni'ihau Island, Hawai'i, was surveyed for the first time for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, and melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. Populations of all three species were low compared to nearby Kauai Island. Overall annual mean ( plus or minus SD) capture rates for Oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly were 2.5 plus or minus 3.2, 3.9 plus or minus 6.2, and 0.003 plus or minus 0.004 flies per trap per day, respectively, for 1990 (n = 7 traps); 12.5 plus or minus 15.5, 8.8 plus or minus 10, and 0.05 plus or minus 0.14 flies per trap per day for 1991 (n = 7 traps); and 8.4 plus or minus 13.4, 6.1 plus or minus 9.5, and 0.01 plus or minus 0.01 flies per trap per day during 1992 (n = 10 traps). On the basis of variance/mean relationships, Oriental fruit fly and melon fly distributions were highly aggregated (variance/mean >1), apparently in response to the presence of localized concentrations of host fruits. Oriental fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly populations were centered in the village of Pu'uwai where fruit trees were common near houses and at Kiekie where an experimental coffee (Coffea arabica) field was being cultivated. Melon fly populations were centered in wild cucurbits areas. JF - Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society AU - Vargas, R I AD - Trop. Fruit Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 61 EP - 68 VL - 32 SN - 0073-134X, 0073-134X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - population levels KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Tephritidae KW - ecological distribution KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Hawaiian+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+the+oriental+fruit+fly%2C+melon+fly%2C+and+mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+on+the+island+of+Ni%27ihau%2C+Hawai%27i&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Hawaiian+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=0073134X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Diptera; Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera cucurbitae; USA, Hawaii; population levels; ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of bird populations in a Puerto Rican forest to Hurricane Hugo: The first 18 months AN - 17023991; 3857543 AB - Bird populations in a subtropical wet forest were monitored every two to three weeks with mist nets and point counts beginning two weeks after the passage of Hurricane Hugo in September 1989. The results were compared with those of a pre-hurricane study in the same locations in which birds were sampled in forest understory and openings. Capture rates were initially higher than in the previous study, due to displaced canopy dwellers foraging in the understory. The shift of canopy dwellers may have obscured expected declines in nectarivores and fruit/seedeaters and contributed to increased detections of omnivores and insectivores. Bird captures and fruit production peaked 93-156 days after the storm in pre-existing gaps, where higher capture rates and a distinct assemblage of birds occurred in contrast to sites without fruit (forest understory and a powerline opening). Captures in pre-existing gaps decreased as fruit production ceased, and overall captures declined to baseline levels after 198 days. After one year of recovery, new gaps and forest understory became distinguishable on the basis of their unique foliage profiles. Although different bird assemblages had been found in forest understory and in gaps prior to the hurricane, these assemblages lost their distinctiveness after the storm. It may take many years after a hurricane for forest understory and gaps to become sufficiently distinct in structure and resources before birds differentiate between the two habitats. JF - Condor AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box B, Palmer, Puerto Rico 00721 Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 879 EP - 896 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - disturbance KW - community structure KW - hurricanes KW - population status KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Responses+of+bird+populations+in+a+Puerto+Rican+forest+to+Hurricane+Hugo%3A+The+first+18+months&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+JM+Jr&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; population status; community structure; disturbance; hurricanes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality status of a USDA water quality demonstration project in the eastern coastal plain AN - 17023696; 3859587 AB - A 5-year research study was initiated in 1990 at the USDA Water Quality Demonstration Project in the Herrings Marsh Run (HMR) watershed in Duplin County, North Carolina. The HMR watershed is representative of an eastern coastal plain watershed with intensive agricultural practices (e.g., crop, swine, poultry, and cattle production). Stream water sampling stations were established at four locations in the watershed to evaluate the influences of the agricultural practices on stream water quality. Stream water at the HMR Tributary (Station 2) was consistently lower in quality than water from the HMR Main channel (Station 3). Nitrate-N levels normally exceeded 5 mg/L in stream water at the HMR Tributary. These data indicate that current and past agricultural management practices have degraded stream water quality at specific locations. Implementation of improved management practices has the potential to produce measurable improvements in the quality of water in the demonstration watershed. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Coffey, S W AU - Matheny, T A AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 567 EP - 571 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - agricultural practices KW - best management practices KW - data collections KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - pollution monitoring KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty. KW - agricultural runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Water+quality+status+of+a+USDA+water+quality+demonstration+project+in+the+eastern+coastal+plain&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BCoffey%2C+S+W%3BMatheny%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; pollution monitoring; agricultural runoff; agriculture; data collections; watersheds; streams; nonpoint pollution; agricultural practices; nonpoint pollution sources; USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coexistence of monoecious and dioecious Hydrilla in Lake Gaston, North Carolina and Virginia AN - 17023483; 3865471 AB - Biotypes of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) at two sites in North Carolina were characterized by growth habit and flower type under controlled conditions, patterns of tuber proteins after electrophoresis, and reaction of DNAs with a single primer in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reaction. Plants from Burnt Mill Creek in Wilmington, in the southeastern part of the state, were dioecious by all criteria. Plants of both the monoecious and dioecious biotype were found in Lake Gaston, at the Virginia-North Carolina border. This is the first report of the presence of plants of both biotypes in a single body of water. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Ryan, F J AU - Coley, C R AU - Kay, SH AD - USDA ARS Aquat. Weed Lab., Dep. Veg. Crops, Weed Sci. Program, Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616-8733, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 8 EP - 12 VL - 33 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - biotypes KW - dioecious KW - habitats KW - monoecious KW - plant populations KW - plant reproductive structures KW - subpopulations KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Virginia, Gaston L. KW - electrophoresis KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Gaston L. KW - USA, North Carolina, Gaston L. KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Coexistence+of+monoecious+and+dioecious+Hydrilla+in+Lake+Gaston%2C+North+Carolina+and+Virginia&rft.au=Ryan%2C+F+J%3BColey%2C+C+R%3BKay%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant populations; subpopulations; plant reproductive structures; electrophoresis; aquatic plants; biotypes; habitats; Hydrilla verticillata; USA, Virginia, Gaston L.; USA, Gaston L.; USA, North Carolina, Gaston L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification in a restored riparian forest wetland AN - 17022396; 3859609 AB - Groundwater nitrate moving from upland areas toward streams can be removed by denitrification in mature riparian forests, but denitrification in restored riparian forests has not been quantified. We determined denitrification rates in a restored riparian wetland below a liquid manure application site. A riparian forest buffer consisting of hardwoods along the stream and pines above the hardwoods was established according to USDA specifications. Denitrification was measured monthly using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores for 2 mo before manure application began and for 24 mo after manure application. Groundwater movement of NO super(-) sub(3)-N and total Kjeldahl N were estimated biweekly. Average annual denitrification rate was 68 kg N sub(2)O-N/ha/yr. Denitrification was significantly higher in a grassed area than in either of the forested areas. Denitrification did not differ significantly between the hardwood and pine areas. Denitrification was greater than a conservative estimate of groundwater input of total N. Denitrification rates were higher in April and May 1992 and 1993, after manure application to the upland began, compared with April and May 1991, before manure application began. These results indicate that a riparian wetland, which has not undergone hydrologic modifications, can have denitrification rates comparable to mature riparian forests. Higher denitrification rates in an adjacent grassed wetland and lack of differences in denitrification in hardwood and pine zones indicates that the high denitrification rates were due to factors other than the reforestation itself. Compared with groundwater inputs of N, denitrification was an important sink for N moving from the upland management system. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lowrance, R AU - Vellidis, G AU - Hubbard, R K AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 808 EP - 815 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Kjedahl procedure KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - environmental restoration KW - fate of pollutants KW - ground water KW - land application KW - nitrates KW - reforestation KW - riparian environments KW - riparian land KW - temporal distribution KW - water pollution treatment KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - manure KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - forests KW - nitrogen cycle KW - groundwater pollution KW - flood plains KW - denitrification KW - wetlands KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01044:General KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17022396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Denitrification+in+a+restored+riparian+forest+wetland&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BVellidis%2C+G%3BHubbard%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; manure; nitrates; water pollution treatment; flood plains; environmental protection; ground water; riparian environments; nitrogen cycle; wetlands; denitrification; groundwater pollution; ecosystem disturbance; temporal distribution; environmental restoration; reforestation; land application; riparian land; fate of pollutants; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pH, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation on the activity of an optical brightener as a viral enhancer for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 17021702; 3862489 AB - The optical brightener, Tinopal LPW, was subjected to different pHs, temperatures, and to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Tinopal LPW was stable at pHs ranging from 3.0 to 10.4, at temperatures of 121 degree C for 5 min, and at UV exposures (254, 302, and 360 nm) for periods up to 7 d. These treatments did not adversely affect the activity of Tinopal LPW as an enhancer for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Argauer, R AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1602 EP - 1606 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - temperature KW - Tinopal LPW KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - baculovirus KW - Lymantriidae KW - U.V. radiation KW - pH KW - virulence KW - biological activity KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17021702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pH%2C+temperature%2C+and+ultraviolet+radiation+on+the+activity+of+an+optical+brightener+as+a+viral+enhancer+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BArgauer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; baculovirus; virulence; biological activity; pH; U.V. radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N in soil under different tillage and N fertilizer treatments AN - 17021277; 3858096 AB - Studies assessing the effects of tillage and N fertilizer treatments on relationship between different N pools in soil can provide information concerning the influence of such treatments on the distribution of N in agricultural soils. To assess the effects of treatments on relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N in soil, these N pools were measured in samples of soil collected at different depths (0-2.5, 2.5-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm) from long-term field experiments located in two geographic regions (piedmont and coastal plain) and containing plots under annual treatments of plow-or no-tillage and 0 or 135 kg ha super(-1) of fertilizer N. Results showed that whereas geographic location, N fertilization and depth generally had little influence on the slopes of regression lines describing the linear relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N, tillage had a marked influence on these slopes. Such results indicated that tillage may substantially influence the distribution of N among different pools within agricultural soils. The overall results for linear regressions indicated that the active-N pool, as measured by an isotope-dilution method, was very closely related (r = 0.96) to the biomass-N pool, as measured by a fumigation-incubation method, but that measurements for the active-N pool were approximately twice those for the biomass-N pool. These observations suggested that such methods may measure a common pool of soil N, but place substantially different bounds on the size of this N pool. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - McCarty, G W AU - Meisinger, J J AU - Jenniskens, FMM AD - Environ. Chem. Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1245 EP - 1250 VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - nitrogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fertilizers KW - biomass KW - tillage KW - soil KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17021277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+total-N%2C+biomass-N+and+active-N+in+soil+under+different+tillage+and+N+fertilizer+treatments&rft.au=McCarty%2C+G+W%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J%3BJenniskens%2C+FMM&rft.aulast=McCarty&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; tillage; fertilizers; biomass ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fungal communities in wet tropical forests: Variation in time and space AN - 17020970; 3858536 AB - Understanding variation in tropical forest fungal populations and communities is important for assessing fungal biodiversity, as well as for understanding the regulatory roles fungi play in tropical forests. In wet tropical forests, the canopy is typically occupied by certain wood decomposers, endophytes, epiphylls, and pathogens. Aphyllophoraceous canopy fungi are a subset of species found in the understory. Marasmioid agarics in the understory often form extensive networks of rhizomorphs that trap litter; these and other aerial species are rare on the forest floor. Decomposers are stratified within the forest floor, with some species colonizing only fresh litter, others preferring decomposed litter, and others restricted to soil organic matter. Specificity to particular host substrates is frequent among tropical forest litter decomposers and contributes to spatial heterogeneity in fungal communities over the landscape. Litter basidiomycete and microfungal communities in patches of 1 m super(2) or less do not significantly resemble communities in similar patches located at distances greater than 100 m. Disturbances induce changes in the environment and the abundance of different substrates, resulting in changes in fungal communities through time, and variation over the landscape. Severe disturbances, as well as the slight daily variations in rainfall, profoundly affect populations of fungal decomposers and their influence on plant nutrient availability. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Lodge, D J AU - Cantrell, S Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 VL - 1 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - forests KW - tropical environment KW - reviews KW - fungi KW - community structure KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17020970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Fungal+communities+in+wet+tropical+forests%3A+Variation+in+time+and+space&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J%3BCantrell%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+Sulement+1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systematics, biodiversity, and agriculture AN - 17020887; 3862484 AB - Systematics and biodiversity are the threads that form and hold the fabric of agriculture together. Agricultural development is increasingly dependent on the interactions of systematics and biological diversity. Biodiversity is the grist for the agricultural mill-the germplasm; systematics is the explorer, describer, organizer, and predictor of biological diversity; and agriculture is a primary user of the products of systematics. This article presents examples demonstrating the importance of systematics and biodiversity in agriculture and suggests a solution to a dilemma that faces agriculture today and in the future. JF - Bioscience AU - Miller AU - Rossman, A Y AD - Syst. Entomol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 680 EP - 686 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - systematics KW - agriculture KW - biological diversity KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17020887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Systematics%2C+biodiversity%2C+and+agriculture&rft.au=Miller%3BRossman%2C+A+Y&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; systematics; biological diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term studies of the black imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) infected with a microsporidium AN - 17020842; 3862460 AB - For 4 yr, we studied the host-pathogen relationship of the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard within field populations of the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel, in Argentina. We established and monitored 6 field plots having a density of fire ant colonies, many infected with microsporidium. The density of colonies, initially 162 colonies per hectare, decreased to 28 colonies pre hectare. The percentage of infected colonies, initially 22.4%, increased to 35.7% and was negative associated with the density of colonies but positively associated with rainfall. T. solenopsae wa the only known natural enemy of the fire ants present consistently and in high levels within the plots. We suspect it is one of the main factors responsible for decreases in S. richteri population densities. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Briano, JA AU - Patterson, R S AU - Cordo, HA AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Bolivar 1559 (1686) Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Prov., Argentina Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1328 EP - 1332 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Microsporidia KW - biological control KW - Argentina KW - Formicidae KW - infection KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - Thelohania solenopsae KW - Hymenoptera KW - pathogens KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17020842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Long-term+studies+of+the+black+imported+fire+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+infected+with+a+microsporidium&rft.au=Briano%2C+JA%3BPatterson%2C+R+S%3BCordo%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Briano&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; infection; pathogens; Microsporidia; Formicidae; Solenopsis richteri; Thelohania solenopsae; Hymenoptera; Argentina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identity of spittlebug on pecan and life history of Clastoptera achatina (Homoptera: Cercopidae) AN - 17020677; 3858269 AB - External morphologies of Clastoptera achatina Germar and C. obtusa (Say) from various collections were compared. The findings were described and illustrated. The only species found inhabiting pecan trees in the southeastern United States was C. achatina. C. obtusa rarely, if ever, develops on pecan. Also, the biology and life history of C. achatina was studied and described. During years of small or moderate populations, an overwintering and 2 generations of adults occurred, along with a very small, questionable, 3rd generation. Adults laid approximately 2 eggs per site, and oviposition sites were adjacent to buds and usually on the smallest-diameter, youngest, and most succulent shoot tissue. Time required for egg-to-egg generations was approximately 49 d. Five nymphal instars occurred. Females averaged 0.7 mm longer than males. Large numbers of spittlebug nymphs on pecan caused dieback of shoots, reduced nut size, poor nut quality, and sometimes abortion of immature nuts. Each of several large populations of spittlebugs on pecans failed to produce a subsequent generation, leading to their disappearance from the orchard. Parasites of C. achatina were not observed, but a number of heteropteran predators were found, the most numerous species being Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler). Several sympatric dipterans were found inhabiting spittlemasses. A trap lot monitoring the presence of adult C. achatina is described. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Tedders, W L AD - Southeastern Fruit Tree Nut Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 111 Dunbar Rd., Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1641 EP - 1649 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Clastoptera achatina KW - Clastoptera obtusa KW - Carya illinioensis KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - life history KW - infestation KW - morphology KW - USA KW - Homoptera KW - Cercopidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17020677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Identity+of+spittlebug+on+pecan+and+life+history+of+Clastoptera+achatina+%28Homoptera%3A+Cercopidae%29&rft.au=Tedders%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Tedders&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homoptera; Cercopidae; USA; morphology; life history; infestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of an immobilized protein matrix for use in an affinity method for beta -lactam antibiotics AN - 17019626; 3852912 AB - Current methods for the isolation and analysis of beta -lactam antibiotics in animal tissues and fluids are inadequate, primarily due to lack of multiresidue capabilities, limited selectivity, length of procedure, and the use of copious amounts of organic solvents. By employing immobilized affinity receptor techniques we have prepared an affinity matrix containing an enzyme with beta -lactam-specific binding properties. Immobilization of DD-peptidase to an activated agarose gel results in substantial changes in the enzyme's tripeptide hydrolytic and penicillin-binding properties compared with the soluble enzyme. The efficiency and selectivity for binding different penicillins, the effect of pH, as well as the fate of the antibiotic molecule after prolonged interaction with the immobilized enzyme, are altered in comparison with their interaction with free DD-peptidase. Protein conformational changes occurring upon enzyme immobilization may explain the enzyme's modified reactivity with substrate and antibiotic. The utilization of immobilized DD-peptidase for isolation of penicillins from spiked animal tissues and fluids and the use of this technique for residue detection are discussed. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Eng, G Y AU - Jones, L AU - Medina, M AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 129 EP - 144 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - antibiotics KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilization KW - proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33210:Immobilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17019626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+an+immobilized+protein+matrix+for+use+in+an+affinity+method+for+beta+-lactam+antibiotics&rft.au=Eng%2C+G+Y%3BJones%2C+L%3BMedina%2C+M&rft.aulast=Eng&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilization; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equivalent roaded area as a measure of cumulative effect of logging AN - 17019571; 3857514 AB - A watershed disturbance index developed by USDA Forest Service called equivalent roaded area (ERA) was used to assess the cumulative effect from forest management in California's Sierra Nevada and Klamath mountain ranges. The basins' ERA index increased as logging and road-building occurred and then decreased over time as management ceased and vegetation recovered. A refinement of the standard index emphasized disturbances in sensitive, near-channel areas, and evaluated recovery periods of 20, 30, and 50 years. Shorter recovery periods yielded better correlations between recovering forest systems and aquatic response than the longer recovery period, as represented by ERA and diversity or dominance, respectively. The refined ERA index correlated more closely with macroinvertebrate dominance and diversity information that was available for part of the study period. A minimum ERA threshold of 5% was detected, below which no effect to the macroinvertebrate community was observed. Above this threshold, elevated ERA values were associated with a decline in macroinvertebrate diversity and an increase in dominance of the top five taxa. Use of an ERA technique that emphasizes near-channel areas and biological thresholds would contribute to the Forest Service's implementation of ecosystem management. JF - Environmental Management AU - McGurk, B J AU - Fong AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., PO Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 609 EP - 621 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - succession KW - disturbance KW - ecosystem management KW - watersheds KW - USA, California KW - population dynamics KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17019571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Equivalent+roaded+area+as+a+measure+of+cumulative+effect+of+logging&rft.au=McGurk%2C+B+J%3BFong&rft.aulast=McGurk&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; ecosystem management; forests; disturbance; succession; population dynamics; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symbiotic ineffectiveness of trpCD deletion mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum AN - 17019548; 3845904 AB - Genes responsible for tryptophan biosynthesis are thought to be essential for symbiotic competence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The B. japonicum trpCD region, cloned as a 2.8-kb HindIII-BamHI fragment, had an internal 1.2-kb SmaI fragment that as deleted and replaced in vitro with interposon omega carrying a gene specifying streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance. Site-directed marker exchange mutagenesis of the B. japonicum genome was performed in vivo and the construction of deletion mutants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis of the DNA of the exconjugants. Since the trpCD deletion mutants grew on indole they evidently were unaffected in expression of trpAB and we interpret these data as indicating that the organization of the genes for tryptophan biosynthesis in B. japonicum differs from that of enterics. The new Trp super(-) deletion mutants lacked activities for the trpC- and trpD-encoded enzymes, indole glycerol phosphate synthase (EC 4.1.1.48) and phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase (EC 2.4.2.18), respectively, but had a higher specific activity for the trpEG-encoded enzyme, anthranilate synthase (EC 4.1.3.27). The new trpCD deletion mutants failed to effectively nodulate soybean. Thus, we conclusively demonstrate the essential role of trpCD in symbiosis. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Hunter, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Bldg. 011, HH-19, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1035 EP - 1039 VL - 27 IS - 8 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - tryptophan KW - trp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - mutants KW - genetic analysis KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - deletion mutant KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17019548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Symbiotic+ineffectiveness+of+trpCD+deletion+mutants+of+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+L+D%3BHunter%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; symbiosis; mutants; genetic analysis; deletion mutant; nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved organic carbon in northern hardwood stands with differing acidic inputs and temperature regimes AN - 17018967; 3858951 AB - We monitored concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in throughfall and forest floor solutions in two northern hardwood stands located at the northern and southern end of a latitudinal acidic deposition and air temperature gradient in the Great Lakes Region to determine if DOC levels are altered by regional and temporal variation in acidic inputs and temperature. Amounts of precipitation received at the two sites were similar, but precipitation pH and air temperature, respectively, averaged 4.83 and 13.9 degree C at the northern gradient site and 4.29 and 15.1 degree C at the southern gradient site. Volume weighted DOC concentrations in throughfall were significantly greater at the northern (20.5 mg L super(-1)) than the southern (15.9 mg L super(-1)) site, but these differences in DOC levels were caused by the differing amounts of throughfall passing through the canopy of the two sites rather than levels of precipitation acidity or air temperature. Temporal variation in the levels of DOC in throughfall was not related to the variation in either precipitation acidity or air temperature. Like throughfall, levels of DOC in forest floor solutions were not found to be altered by acidic inputs. However, DOC in these solutions increased with seasonal increases in soil temperature. A regression equation relating seasonal variation in soil temperature and forest floor concentrations of DOC estimated that an observed 2.1 degree C difference in soil temperature at the two sites during the growing season could represent as much as 3.7 mg L super(-1) difference in forest floor solution concentrations of DOC. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Liechty, HO AU - Kuuseoks, E AU - Mroz, G D AD - Cent. Forested Wetlands Res., USDA-Forest Serv. South. Exp. Stn., 2730 Savannah Hwy., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 927 EP - 933 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - hardwoods KW - air temperature KW - North America, Great Lakes Region KW - temperature KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - dissolved organic carbon KW - acid rain KW - acid deposition KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17018967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Dissolved+organic+carbon+in+northern+hardwood+stands+with+differing+acidic+inputs+and+temperature+regimes&rft.au=Liechty%2C+HO%3BKuuseoks%2C+E%3BMroz%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Liechty&rft.aufirst=HO&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dissolved organic carbon; acid deposition; acid rain; temperature; hardwoods; air temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symbiotic properties of 5-methyltryptophan-resistant mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum AN - 17017366; 3857413 AB - The effect that resistance to 5-methyltryptophan (MT) has on the symbiotic properties of B. japonicum was examined in a survey of fourteen clones. Resistance to MT often involves a mutational alteration in the regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis. Resistant clones (MT super(R)) were isolated from agar plates containing MT. In the selection process care was taken to avoid pigmented clones that are likely to accumulate large amounts of indole compounds or show increased tryptophan catabolism. Wild-type control clones (WT sub(c)) were isolated from plates containing no selective agent. In greenhouse studies, Tracy-M soybean plants were inoculated with the two types of clones. After six weeks, plants which were inoculated with the MT resistant clones showed a much greater range of symbiotic effectiveness than did plants that received the control clones. While most MT-resistant clones were poor symbionts or unchanged in their symbiotic performance, one clone was obtained that had significantly improved symbiotic properties. The procedure may offer a way of selecting for clones with improved symbiotic performance. These results also indicate a link between tryptophan biosynthesis and symbiotic effectiveness. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Hunter, W J AU - Kuykendall, L D AD - USDA-ARS, Soil-Plant Nutrient Res. Unit, 1701 Cent. Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526-2083, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 293 EP - 298 VL - 173 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - 5-methyltryptophan KW - tryptophan KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - symbiosis KW - nodules KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17017366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Symbiotic+properties+of+5-methyltryptophan-resistant+mutants+of+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; symbiosis; nodules ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Lower Mississippi River habitats associated with river training dikes AN - 17016368; 3855733 AB - 1. Regions of reduced velocity adjacent to spur dikes along the Lower Mississippi River are valuable aquatic habitats. Similar zones along other large rivers have been converted to terrestrial habitats by sediment deposition. 2. Repetitive hydrographic surveys of 26 representative groups of dikes are examined to determine the direction and rates of change. 3. Since the dikes were constructed, the aquatic volume and area of associated low-velocity habitats have been reduced by 38% and 17%, respectively. Examination of time series shows that most changes occur shortly after construction, and after initial adjustment, habitat area and volume fluctuate about a condition of dynamic equilibrium. 4. Sedimentation rates were most rapid for dike constructed on the inside of bends to prevent chute development. Dike fields built to force or maintain thalweg crossings exhibited erosion rather than deposition. JF - Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems AU - Shields, FD Jr AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Sedimentation Lab., PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 97 EP - 108 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1052-7613, 1052-7613 KW - aquatic habitats KW - dikes KW - ecological effects KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - environmental impact KW - habitat KW - hydraulic structures KW - hydrological regime KW - river engineering KW - river regulation KW - sedimentation rates KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - Freshwater KW - flood control KW - sedimentation KW - rivers KW - wetlands KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17016368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Conservation%3A+Marine+and+Freshwater+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Lower+Mississippi+River+habitats+associated+with+river+training+dikes&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Conservation%3A+Marine+and+Freshwater+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10527613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - habitat; wetlands; environmental impact; sedimentation; ecosystem disturbance; river engineering; flood control; rivers; hydraulic structures; aquatic habitats; dikes; ecological effects; sedimentation rates; hydrological regime; USA, Mississippi R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simplified gypsy moth model system: Global behavior and parameter analysis AN - 17016002; 3847788 AB - The simplified gypsy moth model system (SGMMS) is represented by three-stage discrete equations, using an annual time step. Qualitative analysis of the SGMMS reveals the trajectory of G sub(t+1) against G sub(t) on a phase plane. The eigenvalue, V, of the system is determined by four parameters: SR (sex ratio), F (female fecundity), k (generation survivorship except for fourth through sixth instars) and A (survivorship of fourth through sixth instars without density effect). The global behavior is determined by V and the gypsy moth initial density (G sub(0)). This system can display stable asymptotic, stable oscillatory, or unstable oscillatory including chaos. The influence of host plant species and the sensitivity of parameters are evaluated using accumulated numbers of gypsy moth eggs in 10 years (SG sub(10)). When foliage is in short supply, the values of SG sub(10) for red oak, American beech, red maple, and white oak are of the ratio 1:0.7:0.98:0.83. The sensitivity of the parameters SR, F, k, G sub(0), a, b, c, A, B, and N also are discussed. JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture AU - Nan-qing, Jiang AU - Rumei, Xu AU - Colbert, J J AD - USDA, F.S., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 133 EP - 153 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1699, 0168-1699 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - population density KW - Lepidoptera KW - models KW - Lymantriidae KW - population dynamics KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17016002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=A+simplified+gypsy+moth+model+system%3A+Global+behavior+and+parameter+analysis&rft.au=Nan-qing%2C+Jiang%3BRumei%2C+Xu%3BColbert%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Nan-qing&rft.aufirst=Jiang&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=01681699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; models; food availability; population dynamics; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and habitat of the western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) on Ft. Lewis, Washington AN - 17015784; 3857408 AB - Sciurus griseus has been accorded a "threatened" status by the Washington Department of Wildlife. Our objectives were to determine the distribution, abundance, and factors limiting the abundance of Sciurus griseus on Fort Lewis. Between June 1992 and August 1993 we conducted walking surveys for squirrels in 169 oak-conifer stands (approximately 700 ha). We observed 38 individual squirrels in 30 of the stands. We compared occupancy of oak stands by size, distance to water, and vegetation characteristics. We found that oak stands used by squirrels generally were: 1) > 2.0 ha, 2) < 0.6 km from water (lake, marsh, stream, or river), 3) on average, 34% Quercus garryana, 53% Pseudotsuga menziesii, and 13% other tree species, and 4) diverse in food-producing trees and shrubs including Acer macrophyllum, Fraxinus latifolia, and Oemleria cerasiformis. Sciurus griseus is associated with Quercus garryana woodlands which are dwindling due to human development. Fort Lewis holds the largest publicly-managed area of Quercus garryana in the Puget Sound region. In order to protect Sciurus griseus populations we recommend: 1) informing the public about Sciurus griseus and its status to reduce squirrel deaths by automobiles and 2) conserving and actively managing oak woodlands. JF - Northwest Science AU - Ryan, LA AU - Carey, AB AD - Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 204 EP - 216 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - conservation KW - ecological distribution KW - Sciurus griseus KW - habitat utilization KW - population status KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17015784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+habitat+of+the+western+gray+squirrel+%28Sciurus+griseus%29+on+Ft.+Lewis%2C+Washington&rft.au=Ryan%2C+LA%3BCarey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sciurus griseus; USA, Washington; population status; ecological distribution; habitat utilization; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms associated with the tr allele contributing to reduced smut susceptibility of pearl millet AN - 17015711; 3857731 AB - The tr allele in pearl millet confers trichomeless plant structures. Plants homozygous for the allele have reduced severities of smut, caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae, compared to plants with the Tr genotype. Experiments were conducted to determine the mechanisms conferring reduced susceptibility in trtr inbreds. Flag leaf sheaths of field-grown Tift 23DAS (trtr) were wrapped around unemerged panicles more tightly than were sheaths of Tift 23DA (TrTr), as measured by reduced infiltration of fluid into the boot, recovery of sporidia of M. penicillariae from unopened boots, and smut severity of panicles bagged prior to emergence from the boot. When exposed panicles were inoculated with M. penicillariae in the greenhouse, moisture periods required for a given level of smut severity were greater for Tift 23DAS than for Tift 23DA. Severity after 8 h of moisture was greater on Tift 23DA. Increase of disease severity with longer moisture periods was essentially linear and parallel for both inbreds for moisture periods of up to 48 h. Intercepts (severity at 8 h) differed, but slopes did not. The tr allele may be useful as an easily identifiable, monogenic marker for smut resistance in pearl millet. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wilson, J P AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Stn., Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 966 EP - 969 VL - 85 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Moesziomyces penicillariae KW - tr gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - smut KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17015711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+associated+with+the+tr+allele+contributing+to+reduced+smut+susceptibility+of+pearl+millet&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=966&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; smut; Pennisetum glaucum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Replication of Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus in homologous cell lines grown in serum-free media AN - 17014763; 3842561 AB - A parental cell line, BCIRL-HZ-AM1 (HZAM1) derived from Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupae and one of its clones BCIRL-HZAM1-B3 (HZ1B3), were grown as attached cells in two commercial insect serum-free media, EX-CELL 400 and SF-900, and one modified vertebrate serum-free medium, MCM1. A serum-containing medium, TC199-MK, in which the cell lines were normally propagated, was used as control. Cell doubling times for HZAM1 in EX-CELL 400, SF-900, and TC199-MK, were 27, 28, and 30 hr, respectively; in contrast, there was negligible growth in MCM1. The shortest cell doubling time for HZ1B3 in serum-free medium was 25 hr, as observed in EX-CELL 400. Other cell doubling times were: 35 hr in TC199-MK, 38 hr in MCM1, and 45 hr in SF-900. Total extracellular virus production of H. zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV)-infected HZAM1 cells was similar in all media (3.0-6.3 x 10 sub(5) PFU/ml). Extracellular virus titers for HZ1B3 in EX-CELL 400 and SF-900 were similar (3-4 x 10 super(5) PFU/ml) but less than those produced in HZAM1. For HZ1B3, the lowest extracellular virus titer was recorded in MCM1 (0.8 x 10 super(5) PFU/ml) and the highest in TC199-MK (12 x 10 super(5) PFU/ml). Production of HzSNPV occlusion bodies (OB) by HZAM1 cells differed slightly between the media (2.9-6.2 x 10 super(7) OB/ml). For HZ1B3 cells, OB production was similar in TC199-MK, EX-CELL 400, and SF-900 (3.6-6.0 x 10 super(7) OB/ml), but considerably lower in MCM1 (1.0 x 10 super(7) OB/ml). Occlusion bodies from both infected cell lines grown in serum-free media and in TC199-MK were equally infectious for H. zea larvae. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - McIntosh, AH AU - Grasela, J J AU - Goodman, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., 1503 S. Providence, Research Park, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 121 EP - 124 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - cell lines KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17014763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Replication+of+Helicoverpa+zea+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+in+homologous+cell+lines+grown+in+serum-free+media&rft.au=McIntosh%2C+AH%3BGrasela%2C+J+J%3BGoodman%2C+CL&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; cell lines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sigma factor sigma super(s) affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 AN - 17014422; 3848561 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, a rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium that suppresses several soilborne pathogens of plants, produces the antibiotics pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. A gene necessary for pyrrolnitrin production by Pf-5 was identified as rpoS, which encodes the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma super(s). Several pleiotropic effects of an rpoS mutation in Escherichia coli also were observed in an RpoS super(-) mutant of Pf-5. These included sensitivities of stationary-phase cells to stresses imposed by hydrogen peroxide or high salt concentration. A plasmid containing the cloned wild-type rpoS gene restored pyrrolnitrin production and stress tolerance to the RpoS super(-) mutant of Pf-5. The RpoS super(-) mutant overproduced pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol, two antibiotics that inhibit growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Pythium ultimum, and was superior to the wild type in suppression of seedling damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum. When inoculated onto cucumber seed at high cell densities, the RpoS super(-) mutant did not survive as well as the wild-type strain on surfaces of developing seedlings. Other stationary-phase-specific phenotypes of Pf-5, such as the production of cyanide and extracellular protease(s) were expressed by the RpoS super(-) mutant, suggesting that sigma super(s) is only one of the sigma factors required for the transcription of genes in stationary-phase cells of P. fluorescens. These results indicate that a sigma factor encoded by rpoS influences antibiotic production, biological control activity, and survival of P. fluorescens on plant surfaces. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Sarniguet, A AU - Kraus, J AU - Henkels, MD AU - Muehlchen, A M AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 Northwest Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 12255 EP - 12259 VL - 92 IS - 26 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - pyrrolnitrin KW - sigma super(s) factor KW - pyoluteorin KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - rpoS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - sigma factor KW - Escherichia coli KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - A 01095:Others KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17014422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=The+sigma+factor+sigma+super%28s%29+affects+antibiotic+production+and+biological+control+activity+of+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5&rft.au=Sarniguet%2C+A%3BKraus%2C+J%3BHenkels%2C+MD%3BMuehlchen%2C+A+M%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Sarniguet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=12255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Escherichia coli; Pythium ultimum; sigma factor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid culture production of microsclerotia of Colletotrichum truncatum for use as bioherbicidal propagules AN - 17013809; 3849342 AB - Colletotrichum truncatum NRRL 18434 is a host-specific pathogen of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), a weed in cotton, soybeans and rice. The bioherbicidal potential of C. truncatum microsclerotia (MS) was assessed based on the feasibility of producing and storing microsclerotia and the efficacy of microsclerotia in controlling hemp sesbania. Microsclerotia were produced in highly aerated liquid cultures grown at 28 degree C in a basal salts medium with 80 g glucose and 13 times 2 g Casamino acids l super(-1). Hyphal aggregation to form microsderotial initials began on day 4 with maximum concentrations (6 x 10 super(6) MS l super(-1)) being attained by day 6. Melanization started on day 6 and was completed by day 10. After air-drying at 22 degree , microsclerotia: diatomaceous earth preparations were stored at 4 degree . After storage for 7 months 90% of the dried C. truncatum MS germinated. Efficacy studies showed that the incorporation of either fresh or 1-month-old microsclerotia into potting soil (156 microsclerotia cm super(-3) soil) killed more than 95% of hemp sesbania seedlings after emergence. Microsclerotia-infested potting mix incited disease of a similar magnitude in a second crop of hemp sesbania seedlings planted 28 d after the first. These studies demonstrate that C. truncatum microsclerotia may have potential for use as an alternative to conidia for biocontrol since they can be produced in submerged culture, remain viable as a dry formulation and effectively control hemp sesbania seedlings when incorporated into potting medium prior to seeding. JF - Mycological Research AU - Jackson, MA AU - Schisler, DA AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 879 EP - 884 VL - 99 IS - 7 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - microsclerotia KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - sclerotia KW - herbicides KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Liquid+culture+production+of+microsclerotia+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum+for+use+as+bioherbicidal+propagules&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA%3BSchisler%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata; biological control; herbicides; sclerotia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application method affects the distribution and efficacy of rhizobacteria suppressive of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) AN - 17013576; 3858094 AB - Rhizobacteria that are capable of suppressing plant growth in a species-specific manner have potential as bioherbicides. Three bacterial strains, Pseudomonas putida strain FH160, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain FH131, and Enterobacter taylorae strain FH650, have been report to suppress the growth of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.). These strains were evaluated in the greenhouse using various application methods for the ability to colonize the rhizosphere and to inhibit downy brome emergence or biomass production. When the biocontrol strains were incorporated into the soil profile more consistent colonization of the downy brome rhizosphere by all three strains resulted relative to that achieved by either wheat seed or soil surface applications. Downy brome emergence was reduced when any of the bacterial strains were applied as a soil surface application or a wheat seed treatment. Wheat biomass production was not enhanced when plants were grown individually in soils treated with any of the three biocontrol strains. When wheat was interplanted with downy brome, increases in wheat biomass were obtained with certain bacterial treatments relative to untreated controls suggesting that these rhizobacteria diminish the competitive ability of downy brome. Application method affects the population size and distribution of the biocontrol strain in the soil profile and downy brome rhizosphere, and thus, has a marked influence on efficacy of rhizobacteria for weed control. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Mazzola, M AU - Stahlman, P W AU - Leach, JE AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Root Dis. and Biol. Control Res. Unit, 365 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1271 EP - 1278 VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Enterobacter taylorae KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Bromus tectorum KW - herbicides KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KW - A 01028:Others KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Application+method+affects+the+distribution+and+efficacy+of+rhizobacteria+suppressive+of+downy+brome+%28Bromus+tectorum%29&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BStahlman%2C+P+W%3BLeach%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; weed control; herbicides; Bromus tectorum; Pseudomonas putida; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of error in direct microscopic methods for estimation of fungal biomass in soil AN - 17013410; 3845715 AB - Sources of error in direct microscopic measurement of fungal hyphae in soil were examined and fungal biomass estimates and associated variability obtained by the direct counting method and the ergosterol technique were compared. Nested random effects ANOVA indicated that the major source of variance in the direct microscopic counting method were the people examining the prepared microscope slides, accounting for 83% of the total variance. Sampling variability accounted for approximately 14% of the total variance. Fungal biomass values calculated from soil ergosterol concentrations were close to the range of values derived from hyphal length estimates but coefficients of variation were much lower for soil ergosterol determinations (6-13%) than for hyphal length estimates (16-32%). For one soil sample, we compared total hyphal length and fungal biomass estimates from our lab to those of another lab. Values obtained by the other laboratory were outside the range of values and 95% confidence intervals reached in our lab. Comparison of fungal hyphal length estimates from undisturbed prairie soil and an adjacent cultivated soil indicated that the undisturbed soil contained more than twice as much fungal biomass. Results of our study indicate: (1) extreme caution must be used when comparing hyphal length and fungal biomass estimates made by different laboratories using the direct counting method; and (2) soil ergosterol determinations can provide information on fungal biomass that may be useful in comparing direct count estimates by different labs. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Stahl, P D AU - Parkin, T B AU - Eash, N S AD - USDA, ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1091 EP - 1097 VL - 27 IS - 8 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - measuring techniques KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - USA, Iowa KW - hyphae KW - soil KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Sources+of+error+in+direct+microscopic+methods+for+estimation+of+fungal+biomass+in+soil&rft.au=Stahl%2C+P+D%3BParkin%2C+T+B%3BEash%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Iowa; fungi; biomass; measuring techniques; hyphae; soil; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of chondroitinase on indirect hemagglutination titers and phagocytosis of Pasteurella multocida serogroups A, D and F AN - 17012985; 3857868 AB - Capsules of Pasteurella multocida serogroups A, D and F contain mucopolysaccharides which block antigenic determinants and prevent phagocytosis. In this study, capsules of serogroup A, D and F strains of P. multocida were depolymerized by enzyme treatment. Capsule depolymerization of serogroup D and F strains with chondroitinase increased indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test titers and enhanced phagocytosis by swine neutrophils. Capsule depolymerization of serogroup A strains with hyaluronidase increased IHA titers, but depolymerization with chondroitinase did not. When serogroup A strains were treated with a combination of chondroitinase and hyaluronidase, IHA test titers were lower than titers of the same strains treated with hyaluronidase alone. Combined enzyme treatment of serogroup D strains resulted in IHA test titers similar to those of chondroitinase treatment alone. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Rimler, R B AU - Register, K B AU - Magyar, T AU - Ackermann, M R AD - USDA/ARS/MWA, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 287 EP - 294 VL - 47 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - indirect hemagglutination KW - capsules KW - immune response KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - phagocytosis KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17012985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+chondroitinase+on+indirect+hemagglutination+titers+and+phagocytosis+of+Pasteurella+multocida+serogroups+A%2C+D+and+F&rft.au=Rimler%2C+R+B%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BMagyar%2C+T%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Rimler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; indirect hemagglutination; phagocytosis; respiratory tract diseases; capsules; immune response ER - TY - CONF T1 - Resistance: A threat to the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 17012956; 3845908 AB - Insecticidal crystal proteins (also known as delta -endotoxins) synthesized by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are the active ingredient of various environmentally friendly insecticides that are 1) highly compatible with natural enemies and other nontarget organisms due to narrow host specificity, 2) harmless to vertebrates, 3) biodegradable in the environment, and 4) highly amenable to genetic engineering. The use of transgenic plants expressing Bt delta -endotoxins has the potential to greatly reduce the environmental and health costs associated with the use of conventional insecticides. The complex mode of action of Bt is the subject of intensive research. When eaten by a susceptible insect delta -endotoxin crystals are solubilized in the midgut; proteases then cleave protoxin molecules into activated toxin which binds to receptors on the midgut brush border membrane. Part of the toxin molecule inserts into the membrane causing the midgut cells to leak, swell, and lyse; death results from bacterial septicemia. Insecticides formulated with Bt account for less than 1% of the total insecticides used each year worldwide because of high cost, narrow host range, and comparatively low efficacy. Environmental contamination, food safety concerns, and pest resistance to conventional insecticides have caused a steady increase in demand for Bt-based insecticides. The recent escalation of commercial interest in Bt has resulted in more persistent and efficacious formulations. For example, improved Bt-based insecticides have allowed management of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Unfortunately this has resulted in the evolution of resistance to delta -endotoxins in P. xylostella populations worldwide. The recent appearance of Bt resistance in the field, corroborated by the results of laboratory selection experiments, demonstrates genetically-based resistance in several species of Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. The genetic capacity to evolve resistance to these toxins is probably present in all insects, and the heritability, fitness costs, and stability of the resistance trait are documented in several insect populations. In two strains of Bt-resistant lepidopteran species, mechanisms of resistance involve reductions in the binding of toxin to midgut receptors. Research on other resistant strains suggests that other mechanisms are also involved. Unfortunately, the high stability of the resistance trait, as well as broad spectrum cross-resistance to other delta -endotoxins, undermines many potential options for resistance management. Genetically engineered plants, expressing delta -endotoxin continuously and at ultrahigh doses, ensure intense and rapid selection of the target insect population. The efficacy of transgenic plants can be preserved only by developing an integrated pest management program that is designed specifically to reduce selection pressure by minimizing exposure to Bt and increasing other mortality factors, thereby slowing the rate of pest adaptation to Bt. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Bauer, L S Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 414 EP - 443 VL - 78 IS - 3 KW - crystal protein KW - delta -endotoxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Lepidoptera KW - Plutellidae KW - Plutella xylostella KW - pesticide resistance KW - Diptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17012956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Resistance%3A+A+threat+to+the+insecticidal+crystal+proteins+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=Bauer%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerial releases of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) by helicopter: Dispersal, recovery, and population suppression AN - 17011770; 3853616 AB - Sterile Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were released by helicopter over commercial coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fields and nearby habitats on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Temporal and spatial dispersal patterns of released flies were expressed effectively by both asymptotic and exponential decay models. Approximately 90% of the captured flies were located within 100 m of the release line. Sterile flies remaining in coffee fields declined rapidly, with <15% remaining within 5 d. Flies released by helicopter dispersed throughout a narrower band than those released at higher altitudes by the standard airplane method. Our studies suggest that flight line intervals of 200 m every 3-4 d should provide adequate coverage and numbers of sterile flies in target areas. An 8-mo program of sterile fly releases (52 releases, total = 208 million flies) by helicopter was conducted throughout an interior 15-km super(2) area to evaluate the effectiveness of the helicopter. A small C. capitata population in coffee patches throughout the understory of a watershed forest was targeted. Fruit collections from the treatment area indicated a 90.6% reduction of the larval infestation rate. Higher levels of control or eradication of C. capitata in riparian forest areas would probably require sterile fly releases throughout surrounding areas to prevent reinfestation. Helicopters appear to be well suited for sterile fly releases in mountainous areas where terrain and unpredictable weather conditions are unsuitable for airplanes. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Whitehand, L AU - Walsh, WA AU - Spencer, J P AU - Hsu, Chiou-Ling AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1279 EP - 1287 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - USA, Hawaii KW - population decline KW - dispersal KW - Tephritidae KW - sterile-release KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17011770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Aerial+releases+of+sterile+Mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+by+helicopter%3A+Dispersal%2C+recovery%2C+and+population+suppression&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWhitehand%2C+L%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BSpencer%2C+J+P%3BHsu%2C+Chiou-Ling&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diptera; Tephritidae; USA, Hawaii; sterile-release; biological control; dispersal; population decline ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid soil development after windthrow disturbance in pristine forests AN - 17011381; 3845831 AB - We examined how rapidly soils can change during secondary succession by observing soil development on 350-year chronosequences in three pristine forest ecosystems in south-east Alaska. Soil surfaces, created by different windthrow events of known or estimated age, were examined within each of three forest stands (0.5-2.0 ha plots; i.e. a within-stand chronosequence method). Soil surfaces are more likely to have developed under common climate and vegetation conditions within stands than in the spatially separated ecosystems used in traditional chronosequence studies. We observed rates of change that were higher than those previously reported for secondary succession, and were similar to those described for primary succession. Well-developed spodic and albic (podzol) horizons with characteristic C, Fe, and Al signatures were found in soil surfaces less than 150 years old. Carbon accumulated linearly at 21 g m super(-2) year super(-1); mineral P and N became increasingly immobilized in the spodic horizon as time passed. We found no trend toward an equilibrium in C or N accumulation over the 350-year chronosequences in any of the three stands examined. These rapid changes in soil and a shift in rooting from mineral to organic horizons appeared likely to reduce productive capacity of the soil during a single generation of trees. Windthrow or disturbances that mimic windthrow may be required at intervals of about 200-400 years to maintain soil productive capacity in these ecosystems. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Bormann, B T AU - Spaltenstein, H AU - McClellan, M H AU - Ugolini, F C AU - Cromack, K Jr AU - Nay, S M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 747 EP - 757 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Alaska KW - succession KW - soil horizons KW - natural disturbance KW - windthrow KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17011381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Rapid+soil+development+after+windthrow+disturbance+in+pristine+forests&rft.au=Bormann%2C+B+T%3BSpaltenstein%2C+H%3BMcClellan%2C+M+H%3BUgolini%2C+F+C%3BCromack%2C+K+Jr%3BNay%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; windthrow; natural disturbance; soil horizons; forests; succession ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downed logs as habitat for forest-dwelling ants--the primary prey of pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon AN - 17011271; 3848140 AB - Logs on the forest floor in 240 sample plots in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon were counted and their physical characteristics described in relation to ant colonization. The plots were located in 12 home ranges of pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (L.)), a Management Indicator Species in USDA Forest Service management guidelines. One or more species of ants were found in 62% of 1,385 sectioned logs. Of 13 species of ants found, the most common were Lasius alienus (Foerster), Formica neorufibarbis Emery, and Camponotus modoc (Wheeler). Wood-dwelling ants that colonize down logs and snags are the primary prey for pileated woodpecker. Relationships between physical characteristics and species of down logs, their colonies of ants, and foraging pileated woodpeckers are discussed. Differential occurrences among genera and species of ants suggest a complex picture of species, sizes, and stages of decay of logs chosen for colonization. The relationships of logs and ants to management of pileated woodpecker and to western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis (Freeman)), a major forest-defoliating insect, are also explored. JF - Northwest Science AU - Torgersen, T R AU - Bull, EL AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., For. and Range Sci. Lab., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 294 EP - 303 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Dryocopus pileatus KW - Formicidae KW - habitat KW - forest floor KW - USA, Oregon KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17011271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Downed+logs+as+habitat+for+forest-dwelling+ants--the+primary+prey+of+pileated+woodpeckers+in+northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Torgersen%2C+T+R%3BBull%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Torgersen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dryocopus pileatus; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; USA, Oregon; habitat; forest floor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of ruminants by Pasteurella haemolytica A1 capsular polysaccharide vaccines containing muramyl dipeptide analogs AN - 17010967; 3848311 AB - The capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 is a poor immunogen for the prevention of pneumonic pasteurellosis of ruminants. To improve CP immunogenicity, vaccines were prepared with 1.0 mg CP dose super(-1) with and without the synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP; range 0.2-1.0 mg) or a lipophilic derivative, MDP-sn-glyceryl-dipalmitoyl (MDP-GDP; range 0.1-1.0 mg). The optimum effective concentration of adjuvant was first determined in lambs and calves and then the efficacy of CP +0.5 mg MDP and CP +1.0 mg MDP-GDP was compared with that of two commercial vaccines in calves. After immunization with CP, antibody titers in lambs and calves were typical of that seen with polysaccharide immunogens and characterized by an early IgM response followed by later IgG1 and IgG2 responses. CP + MDP or MDP-GDP vaccines induced significantly higher IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 titers. After transtracheal challenge of immunity with P. haemolytica serotype A1, extensive pulmonary consolidation containing P. haemolytica (10 super(6)-10 super(8) c.f.u. g super(-1)) was seen in all lambs and calves vaccinated with CP alone and was not significantly different (P<0.05) from the consolidation and concentrations of organisms in nonvaccinated challenge controls. In lambs, vaccines containing 1.0 mg CP +0.05 mg MDP or MDP-GDP significantly reduced pulmonary consolidation and concentrations of P. haemolytica in lung lesions. In calves, vaccines containing 0.2 mg MDP, 0.5 mg MDP, or 1.0 mg MDP-GDP also significantly reduced pulmonary consolidation and concentrations of P. haemolytica in lung lesions. Vaccines containing CP +0.5 mg MDP and CP +1.0 mg MDP-GDP induced high titer bactericidal antibodies by 7 days and were more efficacious than two commercial vaccines. Potentiation of CP with MDP or MDP-GDP has great promise in furthering the potential of CP as a vaccine immunogen for the prevention of pneumonic pasteurellosis. JF - Vaccine AU - Brogden, KA AU - DeBey, B AU - Audibert, F AU - Lehmkuhl, H AU - Chedid, L AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1677 EP - 1684 VL - 13 IS - 17 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - muramyl dipeptides KW - pneumonic pasteurellosis KW - polysaccharides KW - ruminants KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - capsules KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17010967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+of+ruminants+by+Pasteurella+haemolytica+A1+capsular+polysaccharide+vaccines+containing+muramyl+dipeptide+analogs&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BDeBey%2C+B%3BAudibert%2C+F%3BLehmkuhl%2C+H%3BChedid%2C+L&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; capsules; Pasteurella haemolytica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature-dependent development, mortality, and adult size of sweetpotato whitefly biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton AN - 17010761; 3853572 AB - The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, was reared on 'DESDE 119' and Pima 'S-6' cotton at 31 constant temperatures. Development times of eggs, nymphs, and the combined immature stages were recorded and assembled into frequency distributions at each temperature. From these data, median and mean development times and rates were derived for each life stage, as were temperature-independent distributions of normalized development times. Models describing the rate versus temperature and distributional relationships were constructed. The models can be used to predict life-stage development of populations under fluctuating temperatures. Results are compared with those of other biotypes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wagner, T L AD - Crop Simulation, USDA-ARS, Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1179 EP - 1188 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - development KW - body size KW - adults KW - mortality KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - gossypium KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17010761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temperature-dependent+development%2C+mortality%2C+and+adult+size+of+sweetpotato+whitefly+biotype+B+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+on+cotton&rft.au=Wagner%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gossypium; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; development; mortality; body size; adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simplified gypsy moth model system: Model definition and description AN - 17010458; 3847789 AB - A simple discrete Lotka-Volterra type model of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) was developed using the more detailed Gypsy Moth Life System Model and related information. The tree equation is derived from the diameter growth of a gap model, extended to include crowding effects of stocking. The gypsy moth equation tracks eggs from generation to generation and translates this to subsequent larval density to predict food requirements of the population each year. The model explores the effect of gypsy moth feeding on diameter growth of trees and the available foliage on population dynamics. This model exhibits an exceptional range of behaviors. We use analytic techniques to explore the bases for these behaviors. JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture AU - Colbert, J J AU - Rumei, Xu AU - Nan-qing, Jiang AD - USDA-F.S., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505-3101, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 115 EP - 131 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1699, 0168-1699 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - population density KW - Lepidoptera KW - models KW - Lymantriidae KW - food consumption KW - population dynamics KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17010458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=A+simplified+gypsy+moth+model+system%3A+Model+definition+and+description&rft.au=Colbert%2C+J+J%3BRumei%2C+Xu%3BNan-qing%2C+Jiang&rft.aulast=Colbert&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=01681699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; models; population dynamics; population density; food consumption; food availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Trichoderma spp. and ammonium sulphamate on establishment of Armillaria luteobubalina on stumps of Eucalyptus diversicolor AN - 17010131; 3847979 AB - Stumps of karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) were simultaneously inoculated with the pathogen Armillaria luteobubalina and five combined isolates of Trichoderma spp. to examine their potential for biological control. Trichoderma inoculum was placed in holes drilled into the stumps or in slashes cut in the bark and sapwood about 5 cm above the ground line, either as (a) conidia suspended in an agar matrix, or (b) mycelia and conidia encased in calcium alginate beads and suspended in an agar matrix. Half the stumps were poisoned with application of ammonium sulphamate (AMS) to the freshly cut stump top. The stumps were harvested 2 yr after inoculations. Observations and isolations made from dissected root and stem sections indicated that (a) AMS treatment significantly increased colonization of stump roots by A. luteobubalina and (b) Trichoderma spore inoculum, v. bead inoculum, placed in drill holes in the stumps resulted in a significant reduction in root colonization by A. luteobubalina. Spore inoculum may have adversely affected fruiting of A. luteobubalina on stumps as well, since none of the 20 stumps on which A. luteobubalina fruited was inoculated with spores. JF - Mycological Research AU - Nelson, EE AU - Pearce, M H AU - Malajczuk, N AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For Sci. Lab., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvalis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 957 EP - 962 VL - 99 IS - 8 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - ammonium sulfamate KW - Armillaria luteobubalina KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Trichoderma KW - Eucalyptus diversicolor KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17010131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Trichoderma+spp.+and+ammonium+sulphamate+on+establishment+of+Armillaria+luteobubalina+on+stumps+of+Eucalyptus+diversicolor&rft.au=Nelson%2C+EE%3BPearce%2C+M+H%3BMalajczuk%2C+N&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoderma; Eucalyptus diversicolor; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaching of nitrate, atrazine, and metribuzin from sugarcane in southern Louisiana AN - 17009793; 3851871 AB - We have studied the leaching losses of NO sub(3), atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)- 1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)one] applied to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) planted in Mississippi River alluvial soil in southern Louisiana. Nitrogen (122 kg/ha) and atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) were applied in June, and atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) and metribuzin (1.12 kg/ha) were applied in December; losses through a Sharkey clay (very fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquepts) into subsurface drains (5.5- and 10.9-m spacing) were measured for about 100 d in both seasons. Five days after application NO sub(3)-N appeared in its highest concentrations (5-11 mg/L) in the drain water; after this first event, concentrations remained below 10 mg/L throughout the summer season. After application in the summer atrazine appeared in the subsurface drains at its highest seasonal concentrations (114-144 mu g/L) on the day of application; after 4 to 7 wk these concentrations remained below 3.0 mu g/L. Total losses in the summer amounted to 3 to 8% of the NO sub(3) application and 0.6 to 1.2% of the atrazine application. Almost 50% of the NO sub(3) leaching into the subsurface drains occurred after Day 76, whereas 82% of the atrazine leached into the drains by Day 8. After the winter application, high concentrations of atrazine (67-81 mu g/L) and metribuzin (52-94 mu g/L) were measured within 8 d. Similarly, large concentrations of atrazine occurred in the drain water throughout the winter season. The much higher concentrations of atrazine during the winter study, compared with the summer, coincided with soil surface concentrations that were 3 to 10 times those of the summer. Total losses during the winter were 0.4 to 2.0% (atrazine) and 0.4 to 1.7% (metribuzin) of the applications. Evidence for preferential flow into the drains of the NO sub(3) and the herbicides is presented. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Southwick, L M AU - Willis, G H AU - Johnson, D C AU - Selim, H M AD - USDA-ARS Soil and Water Res., P.O. Box 25071, Baton Rouge, LA 70894, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 684 EP - 690 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - agricultural chemicals KW - sugarcane KW - metribuzin KW - Saccharum officinarum KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Louisiana KW - nitrates KW - atrazine KW - groundwater pollution KW - runoff KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Leaching+of+nitrate%2C+atrazine%2C+and+metribuzin+from+sugarcane+in+southern+Louisiana&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BJohnson%2C+D+C%3BSelim%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum officinarum; groundwater pollution; nitrates; leaching; pesticides; nonpoint pollution sources; agricultural chemicals; runoff; sugarcane; atrazine; USA, Louisiana; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIstribution and transport of atrazine as influenced by surface cultivation, earthworm population and rainfall pattern AN - 17009775; 3851853 AB - Several laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil surface cultivation, earthworm (Allolobophora caliginosa L) population, and rainfall pattern on super(14)C-atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino- 6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) leaching through intact soil cores. Soil cores (16 cm dia x 20 cm deep) were collected from a seven year no-till (NT) corn field. Earthworms (0, 4, or 8 core super(-1)) were introduced into the cores. Half of the cores were cultivated (2.5 cm depth) and the rest of the cores were left uncultivated prior to super(14)C-atrazine treatment (2.74 mg core super(-1)). Cores were subjected to a rainfall pattern in which a low intensity rain (16 mm of rain in 2.5 h) was followed 48 h later by a high intensity rain (27 mm of rain in 1.5 h). The saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) of cores with 0, 4, and 8 worms core super(-1) were 0.8, 3.4, and 5.3 cm h super(-1), respectively. Increasing the number of earthworms in each core from 0 to 8 worms, increases the amount of atrazine (% of applied) leached through untilled cores from 8.5 to 13.5% and for tilled cores from 1.0 to 5.0%. Much more atrazine was leached through untilled soil cores than tilled cores at both low and high rainfall intensities. The results of this study suggest that herbicide transport is dependent on a combination of rainfall parameters, soil macroporosity, and disruptive surface cultivation. JF - Chemosphere AU - Sigua, G C AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Im, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 050, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 4237 EP - 4242 VL - 31 IS - 10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - atrazine KW - earthworms KW - macropores KW - cultivated lands KW - soil water KW - porosity KW - path of pollutants KW - Allolobophora caliginosa KW - pollution dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - rainfall KW - herbicides KW - pesticides KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=DIstribution+and+transport+of+atrazine+as+influenced+by+surface+cultivation%2C+earthworm+population+and+rainfall+pattern&rft.au=Sigua%2C+G+C%3BIsensee%2C+A+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIm%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; cultivated lands; soil water; rainfall; porosity; herbicides; path of pollutants; atrazine; pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variation, climate models and the ecological genetics of Larix occidentalis AN - 17009767; 3853342 AB - Provenance tests of 143 populations of Larix occidentalis revealed genetic differentiation for eight variables describing growth, phenology, tolerance to spring frosts, effects of Meria laricis needle cast, and survival. Geographic variables accounted for as much as 34% of the variance among Rocky Mountain populations. Patterns of genetic variation were dominated by the effects of latitude and elevation, with populations from the north and from high elevations having the lowest growth potential, the least tolerance to the needle cast, and the lowest survival. However, the slope of the geographic clines was relatively flat. Populations in the same geographic area, for instance, need to be separated by about 500 m in elevation before genetic differentiation can be expected. Regression models using geographic predictors were developed to describe variation in ten climatic variables from 192 weather stations that best represented the Rocky Mountain distribution of L. occidentalis. Values of R super(2) ranged from 0.43 to 0.92 and were higher for temperature than for precipitation variables. Using climatic effects predicted for each provenance to describe genetic variation produced values of R super(2) between 0.15 and 0.27 which accounted for nearly as much (68-100%) of the genetic variance as had geographic variables. The analyses suggested that genetic differentiation was controlled primarily by the relative mildness of the climate. Secondary effects of precipitation were implicated for variables measuring the impact of Meria needle cast and survival. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rehfeldt, GE AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., 1221 S. Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 21 EP - 37 VL - 78 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population differentiation KW - Larix occidentalis KW - USA, West KW - climatic conditions KW - genetic variance KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation%2C+climate+models+and+the+ecological+genetics+of+Larix+occidentalis&rft.au=Rehfeldt%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Rehfeldt&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larix occidentalis; USA, West; genetic variance; climatic conditions; population differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractional wettability effects on two-and three-fluid capillary pressure-saturation relations AN - 17009700; 3851888 AB - Studies of the relation between capillary pressure (P sub(c)) and fluid saturation (S) for porous media containing oil-water or air-oil-water, often assume that the medium is strongly water-wet. Natural porous media, however, are composed of a variety of mineral constituents; such media are typically composed of water- and oil-wet fractions. This study reports on two- and three-fluid P sub(c)-S data for media of different fractions of water- and oil-wet sands. The oil-water capillary pressure, defined as the oil minus the water pressure, was measured during drainage (primary and main curves) as well as imbibition (main curve only) of water. A decrease in oil-water pressure was observed as the oil-wet fraction increased in two-fluid media. The pressure became negative during imbibition of water for relatively oil-wet media. The P sub(c)-S data could be adequately described by modifying the van Genuchten model for water retention. The observed differences between primary and main drainage curves were partly attributed to the effect of initial saturation. In three-fluid systems with fractional wettability, the observed dependency of capillary pressures on fluid saturations suggested that there was no continuous intermediate phase -even for a relatively low oil-wet fraction (25%). The oil-water and air-water capillary pressures decreased, at a particular water saturation, as the fraction of oil-wet sand increased. The water pressure is greater when water acts as the intermediate fluid than when it is the wetting fluid. The oil pressure, and hence the air-oil capillary pressure, was relatively insensitive to whether oil acted as wetting or intermediate fluid. There is a need to model three-fluid P sub(c)-S curves that account for different wetting and intermediate fluids. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Bradford, SA AU - Leij, F J AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 450 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 89 EP - 109 VL - 20 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - welting KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water pressure KW - porous media KW - pore pressure KW - oil pollution KW - capillary water KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Fractional+wettability+effects+on+two-and+three-fluid+capillary+pressure-saturation+relations&rft.au=Bradford%2C+SA%3BLeij%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - capillary water; pore pressure; porous media; water pressure; oil pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyridoxine requirement of fingerling red hybrid tilapia grown in seawater AN - 17009544; 3842655 AB - Red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus) fingerlings were fed purified diets supplemented with pyridoxine hydrochloride at levels of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 mg/kg diet for 10 weeks. Fish fed the diet without pyridoxine supplementation developed abnormal neurological signs, anorexia and convulsions followed by muscle spasms and lethargy after 9 days. These conditions progressed rapidly, and heavy mortality occurred at the end of week 2. Severe caudal fin erosion and mouth lesions were observed during the 3rd week. None of these symptoms were seen in fish fed pyridoxine-supplemented diets. At the end of 14 days, fish fed the pyridoxine-deficient diet had the lowest weight gain and poorest feed conversion (P < 0.01). Hematocrit values measured at the end of weeks 2, 6, and 10 were also consistently lower for fish on this treatment. Fish fed pyridoxine-supplemented diets for 10 weeks did not differ with regard to weight gain, feed conversion, and hematocrit. Histological study of various tissues revealed no apparent abnormalities in any of the treatment groups. It was concluded that 3 mg of pyridoxine/kg diet was sufficient for maximum growth, feed efficiency and survival, and prevention of various deficiency signs in red hybrid tilapia fingerlings grown in sea water. JF - Journal of Applied Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AU - LeaMaster, B R AU - Brock, JA AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1045-4438, 1045-4438 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - nutritional requirements KW - Marine KW - marine aquaculture KW - food conversion KW - fish culture KW - Oreochromis KW - proteins KW - histology KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Pyridoxine+requirement+of+fingerling+red+hybrid+tilapia+grown+in+seawater&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BLeaMaster%2C+B+R%3BBrock%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Aquaculture&rft.issn=10454438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutritional requirements; marine aquaculture; food conversion; fish culture; proteins; histology; Oreochromis; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium in poultry manure on survival, growth, and reproduction in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 17009351; 3853579 AB - Larval survival, pupal mass, adult emergence, fecundity, and natality in the house fly, Musca domestica L., are not influenced by the levels of calcium or nitrogen in feces of caged laying hens, Gallus gallus L.. Reduced pupal mass, low fecundity, and low natality in flies are correlated with increased manure phosphorus concentration. Estimated pupal mass is inversely proportional to manure phosphorus content and decreases by 2.6 plus or minus 0.5 mg for each 1.0% increase in the phosphorus level. The concomitant decrease in estimated mean fecundity is 27.6 plus or minus 1.5 eggs per fly. Female flies that emerge from 16.5-mg pupae (larvae reared in-low-phosphorus manure) produce an estimated 5 times more eggs (146.3 versus 26.6) than females that emerge from 5.2-mg pupae (larvae reared in high-phosphorus manure). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Barnard AU - Harms, R H AU - Sloan AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1297 EP - 1301 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - calcium KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - manure KW - reproduction KW - survival KW - Muscidae KW - Diptera KW - growth KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+nitrogen%2C+phosphorus%2C+and+calcium+in+poultry+manure+on+survival%2C+growth%2C+and+reproduction+in+house+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Barnard%3BHarms%2C+R+H%3BSloan&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diptera; Muscidae; Musca domestica; survival; growth; reproduction; manure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of transpiration suppression by evaporation of intercepted water in improving irrigation efficiency AN - 17009206; 3840387 AB - Sprinkler irrigation efficiency declines when applied water intercepted by the crop foliage, or gross interception (I sub(gross)), as well as airborne droplets and ponded water at the soil surface evaporate before use by the crop. However, evaporation of applied water can also supply some of the atmospheric demands usually met by plant transpiration. Any suppression of crop transpiration from the irrigated area as compared to a non-irrigated area can be subtracted from I sub(gross) irrigation application losses for a reduced, or net, interception (I sub(net)) loss. This study was conducted to determine the extent in which transpiration suppression due to microclimatic modification resulting from evaporation of plant-intercepted water and/or of applied water can reduce total sprinkler irrigation application losses of impact sprinkler and low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation systems. Fully irrigated corn (Zea Mays L.) was grown on 0.75 m wide east-west rows in 1990 at Bushland, TX in two contiguous 5-ha fields, each containing a weighing lysimeter and micrometeorological instrumentation. Transpiration (Tr) was measured using heat balance sap flow gauges. During and following an impact sprinkler irrigation, within-canopy vapor pressure deficit and canopy temperature declined sharply due to canopy-intercepted water and microclimatic modification from evaporation. For an average day time impact irrigation application of 21 mm, estimated average I sub(gross) loss was 10.7%, but the resulting suppression of measured Tr by 50% or more during the irrigation reduced I sub(gross) loss by 3.9%. On days of high solar radiation, continued transpiration suppression following the irrigation reduced I sub(gross) loss an additional 1.2%. Further 4-6% reductions in I sub(gross) losses were predicted when aerodynamic and canopy resistances were considered. Irrigation water applied only at the soil surface by LEPA irrigation had little effect on the microclimate within the canopy and consequently on Tr or ET, or irrigation application efficiency. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Tolk, JA AU - Howell, T A AU - Steiner, J L AU - Krieg AU - Schneider, AD AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 89 EP - 95 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - evaporation KW - agricultural practices KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - transpiration KW - water use efficiency KW - irrigation water KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Role+of+transpiration+suppression+by+evaporation+of+intercepted+water+in+improving+irrigation+efficiency&rft.au=Tolk%2C+JA%3BHowell%2C+T+A%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BKrieg%3BSchneider%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Tolk&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transpiration; evaporation; water use efficiency; irrigation water; sprinkler irrigation; agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A chemical basis for differential allelopathic potential of sorghum hybrids on wheat AN - 17009144; 3845808 AB - The basis for differential allelopathic potentials among sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) hybrids was investigated by conducting quantitative and qualitative studies of their phenolic contents. Total phenolic content in sorghum plant parts varied within hybrids, among hybrids, and between growing seasons. Inhibition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) radicle growth was positively associated (r = 0.66) with concentrations of total phenolics contained in plant parts. Extracts from culms contributed the highest proportion of toxicity from sorghum plants, inhibiting radicle growth up to 74.7%. Concentrations of five phenolic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic (POH), vanillic (VAN), syringic (SYR), p-coumaric (PCO), and ferulic (FER), differed in all plant parts of the three sorghum hybrids. Concentrations of POH, VAN, and SYR were consistently higher than PCO and FER. PCO and FER were absent from some plant parts, with FER being the most frequently missing. Inhibition of wheat radicle growth was found to be positively associated with the concentration of each phenolic acid. Vanillic acid was most highly associated (r = 0.44) with inhibition. Thus, above-ground sorghum tissues contained phenolic acids that contributed to allelopathic potential. Additionally, sorghum roots exuded POH, VAN, and SYR that may enhance the overall allelopathic potential of sorghum during growth and after harvest where residues remain on the soil surface or are incorporated prior to planting a subsequent crop. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Ben-Hammouda, M AU - Kremer, R J AU - Minor, H C AU - Sarwar, M AD - USDA-ARS Cropping Syst. Water Qual. Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 775 EP - 786 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - phenolic acids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Triticum aestivum KW - hybrids KW - allelopathy KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+chemical+basis+for+differential+allelopathic+potential+of+sorghum+hybrids+on+wheat&rft.au=Ben-Hammouda%2C+M%3BKremer%2C+R+J%3BMinor%2C+H+C%3BSarwar%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ben-Hammouda&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; allelopathy; hybrids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of a mermithid nematode parasite of Carpophilus lugubris (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in central Illinois AN - 17009042; 3853599 AB - A mermithid nematode parasite (probably a new species of Hexamermis) was encountered in adult dusky sap beetles, Carpophilus lugubris Murray, collected in April and May in central Illinois during 1991-1994. Nematodes emerged from as many as 42% of live C. lugubris collected from traps. Dissections indicated infection rates up to 89%. Most nematodes emerged 7-10 d after insects were collected. The nematode was found at only 1 site (in Mason County) of 3 (in different counties) surveyed in 1991 and 1992, and at only the Mason County site of 19 sites surveyed in 5 counties in 1993. Distribution of nematode-infected dusky sap beetles at the Mason County site in 1994 was fairly uniform around the perimeter of oak woodlands bordering 16.2 ha of corn and soybean fields. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dowd, P F AU - Moore, DE AU - Vega, F E AU - McGuire, M R AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Nelsen, T C AU - Miller, DA AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1245 EP - 1251 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - USA, Illinois KW - parasitism KW - Carpophilus lugubris KW - Nematoda KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04657:Annelids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+a+mermithid+nematode+parasite+of+Carpophilus+lugubris+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+in+central+Illinois&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BMoore%2C+DE%3BVega%2C+F+E%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BBartelt%2C+R+J%3BNelsen%2C+T+C%3BMiller%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; Carpophilus lugubris; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; USA, Illinois; parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of weather on the synchrony of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) outbreaks in New England AN - 17008641; 3853576 AB - Outbreaks of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were partially synchronous across the New England states (Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont) from 1938 to 1992. To explain this synchrony, we investigated the Moran effect, a hypothesis that local population oscillations, which result from similar density-dependent mechanisms operating at time lags, may be synchronized over wide areas by exposure to common weather patterns. We also investigated the theory of climatic release, which postulates that outbreaks are triggered by climatic factors favorable for population growth. Time series analysis revealed defoliation series in 2 states as 1st-order autoregressive processes and the other 2 as periodic 2nd-order autoregressive processes. Defoliation residuals series computed using the autoregressive models for each state were cross correlated with series of weather variables recorded in the respective states. The weather variables significantly correlated with defoliation residuals in all 4 states were minimum temperature and precipitation in mid-December in the same gypsy moth generation and minimum temperature in mid- to late July of the previous generation. These weather variables also were correlated strongly among the 4 states. The analyses support the predictions of the Moran effect and suggest that common weather may synchronize local populations so as to produce pest outbreaks over wide areas. We did not find convincing evidence to support the theory of climatic release. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Williams, D W AU - Liebhold, AM AD - Northeastern Forrest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 5 Radnor Corp. Cent., Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087-4585, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 987 EP - 995 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pest outbreaks KW - synchronization KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - USA, New England KW - weather KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17008641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+weather+on+the+synchrony+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+outbreaks+in+New+England&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLiebhold%2C+AM&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; USA, New England; weather; pest outbreaks; synchronization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colony movement of the black imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina AN - 17008341; 3853628 AB - We studied the movement of colonies of the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel, in its native land, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. We established 6 field plots and monthly monitored the number of abandoned and new mounds for 2 yr. We compared the movement of all colonies with the movement of colonies infected with the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen & Hazard. We estimated the distance of colony movement and recorded the duration of the colonies remaining in the same place. S. richteri colonies moved their mounds very often. The mean percentage of abandoned and new mounds per monitoring date was 36 and 30% of all active mounds, respectively. The pathogen T. solenopsae did not have any effect on colony movement. The mean estimated distance of displacement was 3.7 m and the mean duration of the colonies in the same place was 3.1 mo. Rainfall stimulated colony movement in Argentina. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Briano, JA AU - Patterson, R S AU - Cordo, HA AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARAS, Bolivar 1559 (1686) Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Prov., Argentina Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1131 EP - 1134 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - colonies KW - Argentina KW - movements KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17008341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Colony+movement+of+the+black+imported+fire+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+in+Argentina&rft.au=Briano%2C+JA%3BPatterson%2C+R+S%3BCordo%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Briano&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Hymenoptera; Solenopsis richteri; Argentina; colonies; movements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of native sunflowers (Asterales: Asteraceae) to the banded sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) AN - 17008286; 3853605 AB - Six native sunflower, Helianthus, species were evaluated for resistance to the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, a pest of cultivated sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Larval survival and oviposition preference by female C. hospes on the capitula (heads) of the native sunflowers H. annuus L., H. petiolaris Nuttall, H. maximiliani Schrader, H. tuberosus L., H. pauciflorus Nuttall ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Spring & Schilling, and H. nuttallii ssp. rydbergii (Britton) Long were evaluated in the field and laboratory, respectively. Larval development occurred on the capitula of all sunflower species tested. Larval survival was higher on H. annuus than on any other species. The lowest larval survival, based on the percentage of capitula infested, occurred on H. maximiliani, H. pauciflorus and H. tuberosus. More eggs were laid on the capitula of H. annuus than on other species in multiple-choice trials. In 2-choice tests, H. tuberosus received significantly fewer eggs than H. annuus. Both larval antibiosis and oviposition antixenosis resistance were evident in the perennial sunflower species H. pauciflorus, H. tuberosus, and H. maximiliani. Incorporating germplasm from these species into commercial hybrids could be helpful in reducing costs for the control of the banded sunflower moth. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Charlet, L D AU - Brewer, G J AD - North. Crop Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, Box 5677, State Univ. Stn., Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1224 EP - 1228 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cochylis hospes KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest resistance KW - USA KW - Cochylidae KW - Helianthus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17008286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+native+sunflowers+%28Asterales%3A+Asteraceae%29+to+the+banded+sunflower+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Cochylidae%29&rft.au=Charlet%2C+L+D%3BBrewer%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Charlet&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helianthus; Lepidoptera; Cochylidae; Cochylis hospes; USA; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sticky trap catch of winterform and summerform pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) over non-orchard habitats AN - 17007783; 3837385 AB - We monitored movement by winterform and summerform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, into non-orchard habitats using large sticky traps placed at various distances from a source pear orchard. Psylla counts were large on traps near the orchard, rapidly decreased between 5 and 20 meters from the orchard, and then flattened out at larger distances (20-120 m). Summerform counts were female-biased; fall winterform counts showed no bias in sex ratio. Models of the form: trap catch = exp(B sub(0) + B sub(1) [meters] super(c)), and trap catch = B sub(0) + B sub(1)(1/meters) were fitted to the data, where meters is distance the trap was from the source orchard, and c is a constant. The reciprocal model fit the data better than did the exponential models. Counts of winterforms during spring reentry were described by the reciprocal model or by a linear model. Catch on the back-side of traps was the same as that on the orchard-side of traps. Trap catch did not vary with compass direction except during spring, when counts were largest on traps to the south of the source orchard; a second orchard, directly south of the source orchard, may have contributed to this effect. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Horton AU - Burts, E C AU - Lewis, T M AU - Coop, L B AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 176 EP - 189 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Psyllidae KW - dispersal KW - USA, Washington KW - sampling KW - seasonal variations KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Sticky+trap+catch+of+winterform+and+summerform+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29+over+non-orchard+habitats&rft.au=Horton%3BBurts%2C+E+C%3BLewis%2C+T+M%3BCoop%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homoptera; Psyllidae; USA, Washington; dispersal; sampling; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic consequences of restricted dispersal and incest avoidance in a cooperatively breeding wren AN - 17007547; 3853121 AB - Can restricted dispersal in a family-structured population produce conditions that favor the evolution of helping behavior by kin selection? To address this question a numerical model of a population of cooperatively breeding stripe-backed wrens (Campylorhynchus nuchalis) was developed. The model incorporated' the demography and social dynamics of a natural population under long-term study in Venezuela. Replicated simulations followed uniquely labelled copies of alleles for 100 annual cycles, in order to estimate coefficients of kinship between mates and between helpers and the young they raised in relation to overall levels of inbreeding in the population. The consequences of restricted dispersal and incest avoidance were investigated, under different rates of migration. The results indicated that close incest occurred too infrequently to influence genetic structure significantly. Restricted dispersal, on the other hand, even in combination with relatively high rates of immigration (10-20%), like those observed in the natural population, tended to produce genetically viscous populations. Relatedness between mates was significantly greater than 0, and relatedness among members of different groups decreased with distance. The relatedness between mates tended to increase both the relatedness of individuals to their own progeny and the relatedness of helpers to the young they raised. The latter effect predominated, so the genetic consequences of restricted dispersal, in relation to the overall level of inbreeding, tended to favor the evolution of helping by kin selection. Mutually reinforcing consequences of short-range dispersal, on the one hand, and delayed dispersal, on the other, could thus result in accelerating evolution of cooperative breeding. JF - Journal of Theoretical Biology AU - Stevens, EE AU - Wiley, R H AD - Southern Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Dep. Forest Resour., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-1003, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 423 EP - 436 VL - 175 IS - 4 SN - 0022-5193, 0022-5193 KW - Campylorhynchus nuchalis KW - Genetics Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - kin selection KW - communal breeding KW - models KW - inbreeding KW - immigration KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25846:Birds KW - G 07280:Behavioral genetics KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Theoretical+Biology&rft.atitle=Genetic+consequences+of+restricted+dispersal+and+incest+avoidance+in+a+cooperatively+breeding+wren&rft.au=Stevens%2C+EE%3BWiley%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Theoretical+Biology&rft.issn=00225193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - communal breeding; kin selection; models; inbreeding; immigration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight potential of feral Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) males measured with a 32-channel, computer-monitored, flight-mill system AN - 17007432; 3853629 AB - Single-night flight performances of 256 feral corn earworm males, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were measured with a 32-channel, computer-monitored flight-mill system to evaluate their potential and propensity for engaging in long-distance, migratory-type flight. Test moths were males of mixed age that were selected randomly from daily catches in pheromone-baited traps located adjacent to fields of silking corn, Zea mays (L.), in Burleson County near College Station, TX, during the period of 16 and 30 June 1992. Flight was observed in 96% (n = 256) of the moths tested; however, because of mortality and other factors, only 52% (134) remained capable of flight throughout the 9.75-h simulated scotophase period. The 134 moths averaged flying a total distance of 32.53 km in 17 separate flights during 5.61 h of total flight time which included an average maximum-duration sustained single flight of 18.8 km of 2.98 h duration. Thus, the feral H. zea males demonstrated a high potential for long-distance flight. Other observed characteristics of moth behavior and flight performance are discussed, and the flight-mill system is described. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Beerwinkle, K R AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Cheng, D AU - Lingren, P D AU - Meola, R W AD - Areawide Pest Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 2771 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, US Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1122 EP - 1130 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - dispersal KW - Lepidoptera KW - flight KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Flight+potential+of+feral+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+males+measured+with+a+32-channel%2C+computer-monitored%2C+flight-mill+system&rft.au=Beerwinkle%2C+K+R%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BCheng%2C+D%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BMeola%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Beerwinkle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; flight; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground-surface activity of Cotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) larvae in an old-field habitat AN - 17007416; 3853596 AB - Pitfall traps in operation for 14 consecutive months in an old-field habitat in Washington County, Mississippi, captured 102 larval Cotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) during the period of August to December. Head capsule measurements of the larvae indicated that three instars were present, with their occurrence showing a seasonal progression. Peak surface larval activity occurred in October and November, with no larvae captured on the soil surface between mid-December and early August. Adult beetles were not detected by a variety of methods during the entire sampling period. Successional changes in the habitat may have influenced the observed pattern of beetle occurrence and activity. JF - Coleopterists Bulletin AU - Young, O P AD - Environ. Anal. and Doc., USDA-APHIS-BBEP, 4700 River Rd., Riverside, MD 20737-1237, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 229 EP - 233 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0010-065X, 0010-065X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - old fields KW - Coleoptera KW - activity patterns KW - Cotinis nitida KW - larvae KW - Scarabaeidae KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Ground-surface+activity+of+Cotinis+nitida+%28L.%29+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scarabaeidae%3A+Cetoniinae%29+larvae+in+an+old-field+habitat&rft.au=Young%2C+O+P&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.issn=0010065X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotinis nitida; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae; USA, Mississippi; activity patterns; larvae; old fields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ozone and water deficit on field-grown soybean: I. Leaf gas exchange AN - 17007410; 3851911 AB - Ozone (O sub(3)) and water deficit can suppress net carbon exchange rate (NCER) of plant tissues, but little is known concerning their combined effects on NCER of field-grown plants. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Young'] plants were exposed to two soil moisture regimes (providing well-watered and periodically water-deficient conditions) and three levels of O sub(3) in open-top field chambers throughout the growing season. Seasonal (12 h d super(-1)) mean O sub(3) concentrations were 0.018, 0.059, or 0.085 mu L L super(-1). Measurements of NCER, transpiration (Tn), and stomatal resistance (Rs) were conducted periodically on the center leaflet of the fifth or sixth trifoliolate from the apex. During vegetative and early reproductive growth, less visible foliar injury due to O sub(3) occurred on water-deficient plants. Ozone usually suppressed leaflet NCER and leaflet WUE (NCER/Tn). Leaflet NCER was usually suppressed and WUE increased in water-deficient treatments during water deficit episodes. Diurnal measurements illustrated that leaflet NCER was limited in water-deficient plants when leaf water potential fell to about - 1.1 MPa. On two occasions under low photosynthetically active radiation, NCER was greater for leaflets in water-deficient treatments than in well-watered treatments. Significant O sub(3) x H sub(2)O interactions for NCER were infrequent on individual days, although water deficit suppressed response to O sub(3) when data were analyzed over the season. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Vozzo, SF1Miller JE AU - Pursley, WA AU - Heagle, A S AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 663 EP - 670 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - water deficit KW - soybeans KW - plant physiology KW - plant tissues KW - soil moisture deficiency KW - stomata KW - pollution effects KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - plants KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ozone+and+water+deficit+on+field-grown+soybean%3A+I.+Leaf+gas+exchange&rft.au=Vozzo%2C+SF1Miller+JE%3BPursley%2C+WA%3BHeagle%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Vozzo&rft.aufirst=SF1Miller&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; ozone; water deficit; soybeans; plant physiology; plant tissues; soil moisture deficiency; stomata; plants; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Actions of a versatile fluorene-degrading bacterial isolate on polycyclic aromatic compounds AN - 17007400; 3842148 AB - Pseudomonas cepacia F297 grew with fluorene as a sole source of carbon and energy; its growth yield corresponded to an assimilation of about 40% of fluorene carbon. The accumulation of a ring meta-cleavage product during growth and the identification of 1-indanone in growth media and washed-cell suspensions suggest that strain F297 metabolizes fluorene by mechanisms analogous to those of naphthalene degradation. In addition to fluorene, strain F297 utilized for growth a wide variety of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including naphthalene, 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and dibenzothiophene. Fluorene-induced cells of the strain also transformed 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, biphenyl, dibenzofuran, acenaphthene, and acenaphthylene. The identification of products formed from those substrates (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) in washed-cell suspensions indicates that P. cepacia F297 carries out the following reactions: (i) aromatic ring oxidation and cleavage, apparently using the pyruvate released for growth, (ii) methyl group oxidations, (iii) methylenic oxidations, and (iv) S oxidations of aromatic sulfur heterocycles. Strain F297 grew with a creosote-PAC mixture, producing an almost complete removal of all aromatic compounds containing 2 to 3 rings in 14 days, as demonstrated by gas chromatography analysis of the remaining PACs recovered from cultures. The identification of key chemicals confirmed that not only are certain compounds depleted but also the anticipated reaction products are found. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Grifoll, M AU - Selifonov, SA AU - Gatlin, C V AU - Chapman, P J AD - USDA For. Serv. For. Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3711 EP - 3723 VL - 61 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Pseudomonas cepacia KW - creosote KW - fluorene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Pseudomonas KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Actions+of+a+versatile+fluorene-degrading+bacterial+isolate+on+polycyclic+aromatic+compounds&rft.au=Grifoll%2C+M%3BSelifonov%2C+SA%3BGatlin%2C+C+V%3BChapman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Grifoll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal distance and direction of reproductive European honey bee swarms (Hymenoptera: Apidae) AN - 17007003; 3853655 AB - Twelve honey bee nest cavities (swarm traps) were placed at each of the four distances, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 m, from a single source European apiary. Of 63 swarms, 11 were caught at 100 m, 18 at 250 m, 18 at 500 m, and 16 at 1000 m, for an overall arm capture rate of 90%. No preferential direction of travel by swarms was observed. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Schmidt, JO AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 320 EP - 325 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - dispersal KW - swarming behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17007003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Dispersal+distance+and+direction+of+reproductive+European+honey+bee+swarms+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera; Apidae; swarming behavior; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Neurospora crassa mutants with altered synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids AN - 17006287; 3844022 AB - Five new mutants of Neurospora crassa that require supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids have been isolated. The mutants, designated pfa, are impaired in the synthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids alpha -linoleic or alpha -linolenic acid, but are able to synthesize oleic acid. The pfa mutants are thus distinct from previously described ufa mutants, which are unable to synthesize oleic acid. The five pfa mutants map to distinct loci, and have characteristic patterns of incorporation of [ super(14)C]acetate and [ super(14)C]oleate into their fatty acids. JF - Microbiology AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Lin, Jiann-Tsyh AU - Stafford, A E AU - Makapugay, MI AU - McKeon, T A AU - Fuller, G AD - USDA/ARS, Western Reg. Res. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2307 EP - 2314 VL - 141 IS - 9 SN - 0026-2617, 0026-2617 KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Neurospora crassa KW - fatty acids KW - lipids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids KW - K 03035:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17006287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Novel+Neurospora+crassa+mutants+with+altered+synthesis+of+polyunsaturated+fatty+acids&rft.au=Goodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BLin%2C+Jiann-Tsyh%3BStafford%2C+A+E%3BMakapugay%2C+MI%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A%3BFuller%2C+G&rft.aulast=Goodrich-Tanrikulu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00262617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fatty acids; lipids; Neurospora crassa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of multiple matings on fecundity and longevity of female cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 17006198; 3851806 AB - Comparisons of numbers of eggs laid and longevity of singly and multiply mated females of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner), revealed a positive relationship between the number of spermatophores received by a female and her oviposition rate in eggs laid per day and her fecundity. Comparisons of numbers of eggs laid and longevity of females either once-mated to virgin males or once-mated to previously mated males revealed no relationship between male mating history and female oviposition rate, female lifetime fecundity, or female longevity, indicating that multiple mating by males does not result in a decline in the quality of their contributions to females during mating. The possible benefits derived by females from multiple mating are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Ward, KE AU - Landolt, P J AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., Basic Biol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 768 EP - 772 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - mating behavior KW - Lepidoptera KW - fecundity KW - Noctuidae KW - longevity KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17006198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Influence+of+multiple+matings+on+fecundity+and+longevity+of+female+cabbage+looper+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Ward%2C+KE%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=768&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoplusia ni; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; fecundity; mating behavior; longevity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall simulation to evaluate infiltration/runoff characteristics of a shortgrass prairie AN - 17005376; 3851860 AB - A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to evaluate the effects on infiltration and runoff of removing cattle from a native shortgrass rangeland site in the Central Great Plains. Study sites included three pastures which had been grazed at the same intensities for 53 years. After 1 year there were changes in the initial dry run equilibrium runoff ratio on the area that had been heavily grazed. No changes were evident in the final wet-wet equilibrium runoff ratios after 2 years. These results indicate that changes in the infiltration parameters of the surface soil layers occur within 2 years after removal of cattle grazing but no changes occurred at the deeper soil depths, which affect long-term equilibrium infiltration. Wet-wet equilibrium runoff ratios decreased on the light and moderate grazed areas over the 3-year time span. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Frasier, G W AU - Hart, R H AU - Schuman, GE AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resour. Res. Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 460 EP - 463 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - range management KW - simulated rainfall KW - infiltration KW - prairies KW - runoff KW - soil erosion KW - livestock KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17005376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rainfall+simulation+to+evaluate+infiltration%2Frunoff+characteristics+of+a+shortgrass+prairie&rft.au=Frasier%2C+G+W%3BHart%2C+R+H%3BSchuman%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Frasier&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulated rainfall; infiltration; runoff; prairies; range management; livestock; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nest predation rates in managed and reserved extensive northern hardwood forests AN - 17004006; 3846477 AB - Depredation rates on artificial ground and shrub nests in large blocks of managed and remote reserved northern hardwood forests were studied in the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) (303 930 ha) in New Hampshire, USA, from June to August 1991. Both types of nests were monitored by trip cameras that recorded depredations as eggs were removed. No differences in nest predation rates were found for either ground or shrub nests between managed and reserved forest blocks. Elevated nest predation rates are generally considered to be indicative of fragmented forest conditions; the results of this study suggest that extensive northern hardwood forests in northern New England are not fragmented by even-aged silviculture with clearcut regeneration, which is commonlyused to manage northern hardwoods. All identified nest predators weremammals. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - DeGraaf, R M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 227 EP - 234 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - predation KW - nests KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - management KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17004006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Nest+predation+rates+in+managed+and+reserved+extensive+northern+hardwood+forests&rft.au=DeGraaf%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=DeGraaf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; nests; predation; forests; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of egg age, storage temperature, and storage duration on egg hatch of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 17003940; 3851808 AB - The effect of egg age and storage temperature and duration on the percentage of hatch and time to 50% hatch for eggs of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, southern corn rootworm, was determined by exposing 1-, 3-, and 5-d-old eggs at 6 temperatures from 0 to 15 degree C for durations of 1-6 wk. Egg age, storage temperature, storage duration, and their interactions had a significant influence on percentage of egg hatch and time to 50% hatch. Regression models were developed to allow prediction of percentage of hatch and time to 50% hatch. Eighteen treatment combinations maintained egg viability >94%. Percentage of hatch and time to 50% hatch were optimized with 1-d-old eggs incubated at 15 degree C for 3 wk. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Jackson, J J AU - Lew, A C AU - Woodson, W D AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, RR 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - hatching KW - storage conditions KW - eggs KW - Diabrotica undecimpunctata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17003940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effect+of+egg+age%2C+storage+temperature%2C+and+storage+duration+on+egg+hatch+of+Diabrotica+undecimpunctata+howardi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J+J%3BLew%2C+A+C%3BWoodson%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; storage conditions; eggs; hatching ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a diallel cross to estimate effects of crossing on resistance to enteric septicemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus AN - 17003372; 3846311 AB - The trend in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production is toward increased stocking densities and feeding rates, and is often accompanied by disease problems. Enteric septicemia, caused by the bacterium, Edwardsiella ictaluri, is responsible for many disease losses in channel catfish cultured in the southern United States. A complete diallel cross among three strains, Red River, Norris, andM x K (Marion x Kansas), was used to estimate effects of crossing on resistance to E. ictaluri. Juveniles (mean weight 15.2 plus or minus 3.8 grams)from all nine crosses were challenged by immersion, and survival determined 28 days following bacterial exposure. Mean survival of all crosses was 62.2% and ranged from 35.8% in the M x K female x Norris male cross to 90.0% in the Norris female x M x K male cross. Estimates for heterosis, line, maternal, reciprocal effects, and general combining ability corrected for maternal effects were obtained from contrasts among appropriate mean squares. Average, line or specific heterosis effects were not significant suggesting that crossbreeding these strains would not increase disease resistance due to heterosis. Significant line effects in Norris and M x K strains demonstrated differences for disease resistance in these strains. Significant maternal effects conveyed increased disease resistance to offspring in the Norris strain. Significant general combining ability indicated additive genetic differences for enteric septicemia resistance in Norris and M x K strains. JF - Aquaculture AU - Wolters, W R AU - Johnson, M R AD - USDA/ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 263 EP - 269 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 137 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - bacterial diseases KW - fish culture KW - septicemia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - USA KW - hybrids KW - bacteria KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17003372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+diallel+cross+to+estimate+effects+of+crossing+on+resistance+to+enteric+septicemia+in+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus&rft.au=Wolters%2C+W+R%3BJohnson%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Wolters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; hybrids; fish culture; bacteria; bacterial diseases; septicemia; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using GFP to see the light [Green fluorescent protein] AN - 17003201; 3839631 AB - Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is responsible for the green bioluminescence from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The intense fluorescence of GFP is due to the nature of a chromophore composed of modified amino acids within the polypeptide. Formation of the fluorescent chromophore is species independent and apparently does not require any additional factors. Hence, because the gene product is easily detectable by its intense fluorescence, the gfp cDNA has become a unique reporter system. The advantages of GFP are being exploited in a variety of experimental systems and this is illustrated in the accompanying articles on Dictyostelium, plants, Drosophila and mammalian cells. JF - Trends in Genetics AU - Prasher, D C AD - USDA, APHIS, Bldg. 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 320 EP - 323 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0168-9525, 0168-9525 KW - gfp gene KW - green fluorescent protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - reviews KW - Aequorea victoria KW - reporter gene KW - N 14100:Reviews KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17003201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Genetics&rft.atitle=Using+GFP+to+see+the+light+%5BGreen+fluorescent+protein%5D&rft.au=Prasher%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Prasher&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Genetics&rft.issn=01689525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; reporter gene; Aequorea victoria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal occurrence of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), populations on corn in the lower Rio Grande Valley, Uvalde and Lubbock, Texas AN - 17002663; 3837388 AB - Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), pheromone trap capture, larval infestation and adult emergence was monitored in corn in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (26.2 degree N, 98.0 degree W), Uvalde (29, 2 degree N, 99.7 degree W), and Lubbock (33.5 degree N, 101.8 degree W), Texas. On a regional scale, larval infestation of fruiting corn and adult emergence from pupae excavated from maturinq corn fields provided discrete population events that were well separated by location. In most instances trap capture of adults appears, on a local scale, to be related to these two events. However, in early season, the variability observed in trap capture and larval infestations on vegetative corn within regions provide difficulty in temporally defining the occurrence of meaningful events related to these variables across regions. When ambient air temperatures and wind velocity occurring during trap capture peaks were compared to those occurring two days prior and two days after the peaks only minor correlations were observed. The implications are that trap capture values did not abruptly change with either significantly warmer or cooler temperatures or with increased or decreased zonal or meridional wind speed. We conclude that the atmospheric factors used as independent predictor variables were not correlated with the response of corn earworm males to pheromone traps, or with the long-distance atmospheric transport of populations into the trapping area. Our data further show that simulated nocturnal trajectories, calculated during peak adult emergence periods within regions, provide a mechanism for determining the atmospheric systems available to transport moths from one region to another. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Raulston, J R AU - Westbrook, J K AU - Loera, J AU - Pair, S D AU - Lingren, P D AU - Rummel AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 VL - 18 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - temporal variations KW - USA, Texas KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Temporal+occurrence+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Boddie%29%2C+populations+on+corn+in+the+lower+Rio+Grande+Valley%2C+Uvalde+and+Lubbock%2C+Texas&rft.au=Raulston%2C+J+R%3BWestbrook%2C+J+K%3BLoera%2C+J%3BPair%2C+S+D%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BRummel&rft.aulast=Raulston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; USA, Texas; population levels; temporal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of Fusarium, other fungal isolates, and of the phytotoxins fumonisin, fusaric acid, and moniliformin to jimsonweed AN - 17002468; 3840556 AB - Ten fungal isolates from jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and 7 from crop species were examined for phytotoxin production and pathogenicity on jimsonweed seedlings in the greenhouse. Four isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, three F. semitectum isolates, a F. oxysporum isolate, a Cephalosporium spp. isolate, and an Alternaria crassa isolate from diseased jimsonweed seedlings, plus seven additional F. moniliforme isolates from seeds and seedlings of crop species were grown on autoclaved rice (Oryza sativa). The fungus-rice mixtures were ground and tested for phytotoxicity on 1- and 2-wk-old jimsonweed seedlings via foliar application. All fungus-infested rice extracts (5 g fungus-rice mixture/50 mL water) caused injury or mortality to the seedlings except the extracts from isolates of F. semitectum, Cephalosporium spp., and A. crassa. Fungus-rice mixtures were quantitatively analyzed for the presence of Fusarium phytotoxins [fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), fusaric acid, and moniliformin]. No isolate produced more than one of these phytotoxins in the fungus-rice extract. FB sub(1) was produced by all F. moniliforme isolates in a concentration range of less than or equal to 5 to 850 mu g/mL of fungus-rice extract. The F. oxysporum isolate produced moniliformin at 3.5 g/mL, and no phytotoxins were detected in extracts of F. semitectum, Cephalosporium spp., or A. crassa. Pure fumonisin, fusaric acid, and moniliformin applied to jimsonweed foliage at 6-50, 25-800, and 50-800 mu g/mL, respectively, caused symptoms similar to that of the fungal isolates that produced these compounds. Pathogenicity tests of spores of all isolates on jimsonweed indicated that the isolates were avirulent, except for A. crassa which infected only after a dew period greater than or equal to 12 h. JF - Phytoprotection AU - Abbas, H K AU - Boyette, C D AU - Hoagland, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 17 EP - 25 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9511, 0031-9511 KW - fumonisin KW - fusaric acid KW - moniliformin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - Datura stramonium KW - phytotoxins KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytoprotection&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+Fusarium%2C+other+fungal+isolates%2C+and+of+the+phytotoxins+fumonisin%2C+fusaric+acid%2C+and+moniliformin+to+jimsonweed&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BHoagland%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytoprotection&rft.issn=00319511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Datura stramonium; phytotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternaria helianthi and imazaquin for control of imazaquin susceptible and resistant cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) biotypes AN - 17002464; 3840074 AB - The efficacy of Alternaria helianthi on imazaquin- susceptible and -resistant biotypes of common cocklebur was evaluated with and without imazaquin. A. helianthi caused severe damage to both biotypes when applied at 80,000 conidia/ml at the five- to six-leaf stage. Symptoms included necrotic lesions, stunting, and mortality. Mortality from imazaquin at 140 g ai/ha was 0 and 100% and mortality from A. helianthi at 80,000 conidia/ml was 33 to 75% and 67 to 100% for resistant and susceptible biotypes, respectively, and surviving plants showed reduction in height, dry weight, and number of new leaves. The combination of imazaquin at 18 g ai/ha and A. helianthi at 40,000 conidia/ml was not synergistic or antagonistic in killing common cocklebur. Nomenclature: Imazaquin, (2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4- (1-methylethyl)-5-oxo 1H-imidazol-2-yl] 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) XANST Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki and Nishihara. JF - Weed Science AU - Abbas, H K AU - Barrentine, W L AD - Plant Pathol., USDA-ARS, South. Weed Sci. Lab., and Plant Physiol., Delta Res. and Ext. Cent., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 425 EP - 428 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Alternaria helianthi KW - imazaquin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease control KW - Xanthium strumarium KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Alternaria+helianthi+and+imazaquin+for+control+of+imazaquin+susceptible+and+resistant+cocklebur+%28Xanthium+strumarium%29+biotypes&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BBarrentine%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthium strumarium; disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of the microbial metabolite, acetic acid, on sprouting of aquatic plant propagules AN - 17002250; 3837984 AB - Subterranean vegetative propagules are important life cycle stages for some species of rooted aquatic plants. Sediments contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid. Tubers, turions, and winter buds of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton gramineus L., and Potamogeton pectinatus L. were exposed to acetic acid concentrations from 0 to 696 mmol/l for 1-8 days. Hydrilla verticillata propagules were more sensitive to acetic acid exposure than those of either Potamogeton species. Monoecious H. verticillata propagules did not sprout at acetic acid concentrations of 17 mmol/l or over, even at the shortest exposure time. Potamogeton gramineus winter buds and P. pectinatus tubers were less inhibited between 17 and 87 mmol/l if the exposure time was short (2 days or less). Sediment type did not influence the differential response to acetic acid, but the presence of sediments ameliorated the effects of acetic acid somewhat. More than two-thirds of P. pectinatus tubers sprouted after a 24 h exposure to 696 mmol/l at 4 degree C, at higher temperatures sprouting was greatly reduced. Hydrilla verticillata tubers did not sprout following exposure to 17 mmol/l at any temperature (4, 13, 19, and 25 degree C) examined. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Weed Sci. Program, Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 107 EP - 119 VL - 52 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - acetic acid KW - acetic acids KW - aquatic microorganisms KW - freshwater weeds KW - interspecific relationships KW - plant control KW - plant organs KW - plant reproductive structures KW - propagules KW - turions KW - weed control KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - metabolites KW - Freshwater KW - aquatic plants KW - microorganisms KW - growth KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08221:General KW - Q1 08201:General KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+the+microbial+metabolite%2C+acetic+acid%2C+on+sprouting+of+aquatic+plant+propagules&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; plant reproductive structures; interspecific relationships; plant control; aquatic plants; plant organs; turions; freshwater weeds; growth; microorganisms; aquatic microorganisms; weed control; propagules; acetic acid; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the "new associations" biological control concept with a tachinid parasitoid (Euclytia flava) AN - 17002015; 3839427 AB - Males of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), produce an attractant pheromone that is exploited as a host-finding kairomone by a complex of parasitic species. The capability to catch hundreds of a generalist tachinid fly parasitoid, Euclytia flava, alive in traps baited with the pheromone of P. maculiventris provided an opportunity to test the premise of the "new associations" biological control concept. The hypothesis that host species newly associated with a parasitoid are maladapted relative to native-native associations was tested by giving E. flava females a choice between native and exotic stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Wild E. flava females preferred to oviposit on exotic pentatomid species rather than indigenous, known host species, both in field traps baited with the pheromone of a native host and in the laboratory. Data presented here demonstrate that an invader may be vulnerable to native parasitoids in one aspect of the parasitism process (acceptance), yet go unrecognized as a potential host. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Aldrich, J R AD - Insect Chem. Lab., USDA-ARS Bldg. 007, Agric. Res. Cent., West Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1031 EP - 1042 VL - 21 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Euclytia flavia KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tachinidae KW - attractants KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - Hemiptera KW - Podisus maculiventris KW - traps KW - pheromones KW - oviposition KW - Diptera KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Testing+the+%22new+associations%22+biological+control+concept+with+a+tachinid+parasitoid+%28Euclytia+flava%29&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tachinidae; Diptera; Podisus maculiventris; Hemiptera; parasitoids; biological control; attractants; pheromones; traps; oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of the lactose phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus bovis by glucose: Independence of inducer exclusion and expulsion mechanisms AN - 17001851; 3844992 AB - Streptococcus bovis had a diauxic pattern of glucose and lactose utilization, and both of these sugars were transported by the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Lactose catabolism was inducible, and S. bovis used the tagatose pathway to ferment lactose. Since a mutant that was deficient in glucose PTS activity transported lactose as fast as the wild-type, it appeared that S. bovis has separate enzyme IIs for glucose and lactose. The nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) was a noncompetitive inhibitor of methyl beta -D-thiogalactopyranoside (TMG) transport, and cells that were provided with either glucose or 2-DG were unable to transport TMG or lactose. Because the glucose-PTS-deficient mutant could ferment glucose, but could not exclude TMG, it appeared that enzyme II super(Glc) rather than glucose catabolism per se was the critical feature of inducer exclusion. Cells that had accumulated TMG as TMG 6-phosphate expelled free TMG when glucose was added, but 2-DG was unable to cause TMG expulsion. The glucose-PTS-deficient mutant could still expel TMG in the presence of exogenous glucose. Membrane vesicles also exhibited glucose-dependent TMG exclusion and TMG expulsion. Membrane vesicles that were electroporated with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and HPr retained TMG for more than 3 min, but vesicles that were electroporated with PEP plus HPr and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) (or glycerate 2-phosphate) lost their ability to retain TMG. Because FDP was able to trigger the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of HPr, it appeared that inducer expulsion was mediated by an FDP-activated protein kinase. This conclusion was further supported by the observation that mutant forms of HPr differed in their ability to faciliate inducer expulsion. S46DHPr, a mutant HPr with aspartate substituted for serine at position 46, promoted TMG expulsion from membrane vesicles in the absence of FDP better than wild-type HPr or S46AHPr, a mutant form with alanine substituted for serine at position 46. Based on these results, it appeared that glucose catabolism was needed for inducer expulsion, but not inducer exclusion. JF - Microbiology AU - Cook, G M AU - Kearns, D B AU - Russell, J B AU - Reizer, J AU - Saier, MH Jr AD - Sect. Microbiol., Cornell Univ., USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2261 EP - 2269 VL - 141 IS - 9 SN - 0026-2617, 0026-2617 KW - glucose KW - lactose phosphotransferase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17001851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+the+lactose+phosphotransferase+system+of+Streptococcus+bovis+by+glucose%3A+Independence+of+inducer+exclusion+and+expulsion+mechanisms&rft.au=Cook%2C+G+M%3BKearns%2C+D+B%3BRussell%2C+J+B%3BReizer%2C+J%3BSaier%2C+MH+Jr&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00262617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 17001642; 3835978 AB - The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has demonstrated abilities to degrade many xenobiotic chemicals. In this study, the degradation of three model polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl [DCB], 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl) by P. chrysosporium in liquid culture was examined. After 28 days of incubation, super(14)C partitioning analysis indicated extensive degradation of DCB, including 11% mineralization. In contrast, there was negligible mineralization of the tetrachloro- or hexachlorobiphenyl and little evidence for any significant metabolism. With all of the model PCBs, a large fraction of the super(14)C was determined to be biomass bound. Results from a time course study done with 4,4'-[ super(14)C]DCB to examine super(14)C partitioning dynamics indicated that the biomass-bound super(14)C was likely attributable to nonspecific adsorption of the PCBs to the fungal hyphae. In a subsequent isotope trapping experiment, 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol were identified as metabolites produced from 4,4'-[ super(14)C]DCB. To the best of our knowledge, this the first report describing intermediates formed by P. chrysosporium during PCB degradation. Results from these experiments suggested similarities between P. chrysosporium and bacterial systems in terms of effects of congener chlorination degree and pattern on PCB metabolism and intermediates characteristic of the PCB degradation process. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Dietrich, D AU - Hickey, W J AU - Lamar, R AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., For. Prod. Lab., U.S. For. Serv., USDA, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3904 EP - 3909 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl KW - 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl KW - 4,4-dichlorobiphenyl KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - white rust KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17001642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+4%2C4%27-dichlorobiphenyl%2C+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27-tetrachlorobiphenyl%2C+and+2%2C2%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5%2C5%27-hexachlorobiphenyl+by+the+white+rot+fungus+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Dietrich%2C+D%3BHickey%2C+W+J%3BLamar%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3904&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - white rust; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grain sorghum response to sprinkler application methods and system capacity AN - 17001619; 3844554 AB - The crop yield response of grain sorghum to four sprinkler methods and four irrigation amounts which simulated varying irrigation capacities was evaluated during 1992 and 1993 at Bushland, Texas, in the Southern High Plains. Irrigation methods were LEPA sock, LEPA bubble, in-canopy spray near ground level, and overhead spray. The application devices were installed on a three-span, hose-fed, lateral-move sprinkler system. Irrigations were scheduled from neutron soil water measurements in a designated control treatment receiving 100% irrigation by the LEPA sock method. Soil water in the control plots was maintained above 75% of the plant available level by simultaneously applying 25-mm irrigations with all four sprinkler methods as the 100% irrigation amount. Deficit irrigation treatments received 75, 50, and 25% of the control treatment application on the same date. All furrows were diked to minimize runoff and enhance surface storage from irrigation and rainfall. The 100% irrigation treatments received 250 and 325 mm of irrigation in 1992 and 1993, respectively, along with 310 and 223 mm, respectively, of rainfall from emergence to the last irrigation. Grain sorghum yields were primarily affected by irrigation amount and to a lesser extent by sprinkler method, especially for the two smaller irrigation amounts. With deficit irrigation, the LEPA bubble and sock methods yielded better than the spray methods likely due to reducing evaporation from the crop canopy and soil and thus increasing the amount of water available for transpiration. For example with LEPA in 1992, grain sorghum yields were reduced only 1% while the irrigation amount was reduced from 250 mm for 100% irrigation to 125 mm for 50% irrigation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Schneider, AD AU - Howell, T A AD - USDA-ARS, P. O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1693 EP - 1697 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - LEPA sock KW - LEPA bubble KW - USA, Texas, Bushland KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - sorghum KW - spray irrigation KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - irrigation efficiency KW - crop yield KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17001619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Grain+sorghum+response+to+sprinkler+application+methods+and+system+capacity&rft.au=Schneider%2C+AD%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorghum; crop yield; sprinkler irrigation; spray irrigation; irrigation efficiency; soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical factors involved in selection of host plant for oviposition by the pickleworm moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 17001607; 3839344 AB - Studies with caged gravid females of the pickleworm, [Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll.)], revealed that leaves of yellow squash (Curcurbita pepo L.) contain small (MW <1000), non-volatile and highly polar amphoteric compounds which stimulate oviposition on artificial sites. Several compounds, extracted from paper chromatograms, caused moderate stimulation of oviposition. When these extracts were recombined, the mixture proved highly active. Addition of whole leaf volatiles to the active water-soluble fraction increased oviposition. The whole leaf volatiles mixture could be substituted with volatiles originating from leaf glandular trichomes. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Peterson, J K AU - Elsey, K D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv. Veg. Lab., 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414-5334, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 482 EP - 492 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Diaphania nitidalis KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - host plants KW - Lepidoptera KW - volatiles KW - oviposition KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17001607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Chemical+factors+involved+in+selection+of+host+plant+for+oviposition+by+the+pickleworm+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Peterson%2C+J+K%3BElsey%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; host plants; oviposition; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depositional patterns of sediment trapped by grass hedges AN - 17000715; 3844553 AB - Stiff-grass hedges can resist, retard, and disperse concentrated flows of runoff; trap suspended sediment; and reduce ephemeral gully development. Flume experiments were conducted at a 5% grade using several combinations of four grass species, four types of sediment, and eight flow rates ranging from 0.33 to 2.66 m super(3)/min-m. Sediment trapping resulted primarily from deposition in the backwater upstream of the grass, rather than by filtration in the grass. Sediment was initially deposited 1 to 2 m downslope from a hydraulic jump transition that formed at the upper edge of the backwater. From this position, a delta of sediment mostly coarser than 125 mu m grew back toward the hydraulic jump until flow depth became shallow enough that bedload transport was initiated and the delta began to advance toward the grass. In the flow zone across the delta, slope steepness approached 1 to 2% and the flow was near critical depth. A steady-state model was developed that describes sediment trapping in the backwater area as a settling process controlled by sediment characteristics, flow rate, and backwater depth at the grass. This model underpredicted trapping of fine sediment and overpredicted trapping of coarse sediment in situations where the delta neared the grass. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Dabney, S M AU - Meyer, L D AU - Harmon, W C AU - Alonso, C V AU - Foster, G R AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, P. O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1719 EP - 1729 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - model studies KW - flumes KW - trapping KW - deposition KW - deltas KW - erosion control KW - hydraulic jump KW - vegetation KW - sediment concentration KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Depositional+patterns+of+sediment+trapped+by+grass+hedges&rft.au=Dabney%2C+S+M%3BMeyer%2C+L+D%3BHarmon%2C+W+C%3BAlonso%2C+C+V%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Dabney&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion control; grasses; sediment concentration; flumes; vegetation; trapping; deposition; hydraulic jump; deltas; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield and water use efficiency of corn in response to LEPA irrigation AN - 17000683; 3844550 AB - Center-pivot sprinklers are rapidly expanding on the Southern High Plains, and LEPA (low energy precision application) application methods are widely used in this region to reduce water application losses, to use the relatively low well yields, and to reduce energy requirements for pressurization. This study was conducted to evaluate LEPA irrigation response of corn (Zea mays L.) on slowly permeable Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). The effects of irrigation amount were investigated in a field study during the 1992 and 1993 cropping seasons at Bushland, Texas. In 1992, a wetter than normal season, grain yields varied from 0.6 to 1.2 kg/m super(2) while in 1993, which was a season with slightly less than normal rain, grain yields varied from 0.4 to over 1.5 kg/m super(2) as irrigations increased from no-post plant irrigations to fully meeting the crop water use. Irrigation amounts for the full irrigation varied from only 279 mm for the wet year to over 640 mm for the more normal year. A significant relationship was found between grain yield and water use for the two years described as GY (kg/m super(2)) = 0.00169 [WU (mm) - 147] with an r super(2) of 0.882 and a S sub(y/x) of 0.10 kg/m super(2). Deficit irrigation of corn, even with LEPA, reduced yields by affecting both seed mass and kernels per ear. Generally, the grain yield was in proportion to dry matter yield. LEPA irrigation was shown to be efficient in terms of partitioning the applied water into crop water use. Irrigation amounts should not exceed 25 mm for alternate furrows (0.76-m rows) LEPA on the Pullman-type soils with furrow dike basins. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Howell, T A AU - Yazar, A AU - Schneider, AD AU - Dusek, DA AU - Copeland, K S AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1737 EP - 1747 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - LEPA irrigation KW - USA, Texas, Bushland KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - field tests KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - crop yield KW - irrigation efficiency KW - evapotranspiration KW - corn KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Yield+and+water+use+efficiency+of+corn+in+response+to+LEPA+irrigation&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BYazar%2C+A%3BSchneider%2C+AD%3BDusek%2C+DA%3BCopeland%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - corn; sprinkler irrigation; irrigation efficiency; field tests; crop yield; water use; evapotranspiration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroponic seedling bioassay for the bioherbicides Colletotrichum truncatum and Alternaria cassiae AN - 16999795; 3837043 AB - A rapid bioassay was developed to measure the bioherbicidal efficacy of spore preparations of the pathogens Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus and W. D. Moore and Alternaria cassiae Jurair and Khan on hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), respectively. The system uses 4-day-old dark-grown seedlings (grown hydroponically in paper towel cylinders) which were sprayed with spore suspensions. Shoot lengths were monitored non-destructively, and recorded over time under conditions of dark growth, 90-100% relative humidity and 25 degree C. Shoot growth inhibition and stem collapse (mortality) were directly related to the spore concentration applied. Generally, at 10 super(3)-10 super(4) spores/ml, these pathogens caused significant shoot growth inhibition within 25-30 h and seedling death within 40-50 h. This bioassay has been used to study herbicide-pathogen interactions, and may be extended to determine the bioherbicidal efficacy of different pathogen isolates, pathovars or spore formulations. This technique is more rapid, uses a lower inoculum volume, requires less space and is performed under more controlled conditions than conventional greenhouse bioassay methods. The data obtained are more quantitative than those obtained from bioassays relying on visual rating systems. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Hoagland, R E AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 251 EP - 259 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - spores KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - weed control KW - Alternaria cassiae KW - herbicides KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16999795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Hydroponic+seedling+bioassay+for+the+bioherbicides+Colletotrichum+truncatum+and+Alternaria+cassiae&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - spores; biological control; weed control; herbicides; Colletotrichum truncatum; Alternaria cassiae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between seed fates and seedling establishment in an alpine ecosystem AN - 16999546; 3844790 AB - On exposed soils relationships between soil surface characteristics and seed morphological attributes often determine the microsites of seed entrapment and influence patterns of seedling establishment. I examined seed and seedling fates of alpine species with varying morphology over a range of uniform- and mixed-particle-size soils on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana. Physical relationships between seeds and surface soils determined entrapment and retention within the zone of potential emergence (0-1 cm depth). Seed size (length or mass), the presence or absence of specialized appendages or seed coats, and the nature of the appendage or seed coat influenced numbers of seeds trapped and seed distributions among the particle sizes. Antrorse hairs, hygroscopic awns, pappuses, and mucilaginous seed coats all resulted in higher entrapment over the range of particle sizes. The effectiveness of different seed morphologies was decreased by prolonged exposure (1 yr) to the environment. In contrast to seed entrapment and retention, seedling emergence and survival depended on the ability of the different particle-size soils to meet the biological requirements of the species. Although some seedling emergence occurred in particle sizes that ranged from <0.5 to 4-8 mm, almost no seedlings survived in particle sizes larger than 1-2 mm. In particle sizes in which emergence occurred, a higher percentage of the total seeds trapped survived the first growing season as seedlings for large-seeded than for small-seeded species. For most species, the highest entrapment and retention occurred in particles sizes in which there was little or no emergence. Seedling emergence and survival were related to seen entrapment only for species with reasonably high emergence, and the R super(2) values were often low. Understanding seedling establishment patterns in different-particle-size soil requires knowledge of how relationships between seed morphology and soil characteristics after entrapment patterns, and knowledge of soil particle size thresholds for seedling establishment. JF - Ecology AU - Chambers, J C AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., USDA, Forest Serv., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2124 EP - 2133 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - seed germination KW - alpine environments KW - Plants KW - USA, Montana KW - soil characteristics KW - seedlings KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16999546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+seed+fates+and+seedling+establishment+in+an+alpine+ecosystem&rft.au=Chambers%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Montana; Plants; alpine environments; seed germination; seedlings; soil characteristics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical fluxes and sensitivity to acidification of two high-elevation catchments in southern Wyoming AN - 16999029; 3837912 AB - Hydrological and chemical fluxes were examined for East and West Glacier Lakes and their adjacent high-elevation (3200-3700 m) catchments in the Snowy Range of southern Wyoming. Both lakes are approximately 3 ha, but the East Glacier catchment (29 ha) is about half the size of West Glacier. Bedrock is primarily quartzite that has been heavily fractured and crossed with mafic intrusions. Precipitation pH averages about 5.4-5.5, and weighted mean acid neutralizing capacities (ANC) of the discharge are about 50 mu equiv/l for East Glacier lake and 39 mu equiv/l for West Glacier, while the respective annual base cation removals are about 36 mequiv/m super(2) and 73 mequiv/m super(2). Two West Glacier tributary streams average less than 10 mu equiv/l ANC, but solute concentrations during the early snow melt are more than five times those found in midsummer. It is inferred that these early high concentrations primarily are due to early elution of solutes from the snowpack rather than the displacement of high-concentration groundwater, but the cations may be substantially affected by exchange reactions. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the mean ANC of both lakes would fall below zero if precipitation pH were to fall to 4.2-4.3. Episodic acidity during snowmelt and acidification of tributary streams would likely occur at a somewhat higher precipitation pH. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Reuss, JO AU - Vertucci, F A AU - Musselman, R C AU - Sommerfeld, R A AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Stn., 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 165 EP - 189 VL - 173 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Wyoming, Snowy Range KW - alpine lakes KW - catchment areas KW - catchments KW - freshwater pollution KW - hydrogen ion concentration KW - mountain lakes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - Freshwater KW - acid rain KW - air pollution KW - water analysis KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16999029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Children&rft.atitle=STEM&rft.au=Froschauer%2C+Linda&rft.aulast=Froschauer&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+and+Children&rft.issn=00368148&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical analysis; freshwater pollution; water analysis; air pollution; acid rain; catchments; mountain lakes; hydrogen ion concentration; catchment areas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizal interactions in sustainable agriculture AN - 16998916; 3844878 AB - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are an intimate link between the roots of most crop plants and soils, thereby affecting the development of host plants and host soils. The role of VAM fungi in improving plant nutrition and their interactions with other soil biota have been investigated with reference to host plant growth, but little is known about how these interactions affect soil structure. The impact of cultural practices and the particular role that VAM fungi play in improving soil structure are discussed in the context of sustainable farming. JF - Critical Reviews in Biotechnology AU - Schreiner, R P AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Educ. Serv., Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 271 EP - 285 VL - 15 IS - 3-4 SN - 1040-8551, 1040-8551 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - symbiosis KW - nutrition KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - agricultural practices KW - soil amendment KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16998916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizal+interactions+in+sustainable+agriculture&rft.au=Schreiner%2C+R+P%3BBethlenfalvay%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10408551&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; nutrition; symbiosis; agricultural practices; soil amendment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific PCR detection and identification of Xylella fastidiosa strains causing citrus variegated chlorosis AN - 16998734; 3842275 AB - By cloning and sequencing specific randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) products, we have developed pairs of PCR primers that can be used to detect Xylella fastidiosa in general, and X. fastidiosa that cause citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) specifically. We also identified a CVC-specific region of the X. fastidiosa genome that contains a 28-nucleotide insertion, and single base changes that distinguish CVC and grape X. fastidiosa strains. When using RAPD products to develop specific PCR primers, we found it most efficient to screen for size differences among RAPD products rather than presence/absence of a specific RAPD band. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Pooler, M R AU - Hartung, J S AD - Fruit Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Bldg. 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 377 EP - 381 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrus KW - cloning KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - chlorosis KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16998734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Specific+PCR+detection+and+identification+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+strains+causing+citrus+variegated+chlorosis&rft.au=Pooler%2C+M+R%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Pooler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylella fastidiosa; Citrus; random amplified polymorphic DNA; cloning; polymerase chain reaction; chlorosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laser altimeter measurements at Walnut Gulch Watershed, Arizona AN - 16998008; 3825902 AB - Measurements of landscape surface roughness properties are necessary for understanding many watershed processes. This paper reviews the use of an airborne laser altimeter to measure topography and surface roughness properties of the landscape at Walnut Gulch Watershed in Arizona. Airborne laser data were used to measure macro and micro topography as well as canopy topography, height, cover, and distribution. Macro topography of landscape profiles for segments up to 5 km (3 mi) were measured and were in agreement with available topographic maps but provided more detail. Gullies and stream channel cross-sections and their associated floodplains were measured. Laser measurements of vegetation properties (height and cover) were highly correlated with ground measurements. Landscape segments for any length can be used to measure these landscape roughness properties. Airborne laser altimeter measurements of landscape profiles can provide detailed information on watershed surface properties for improving the management of watersheds. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Humes, K S AU - Weltz, MA AD - Hydrol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 440 EP - 442 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - lasers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sensors KW - topography KW - data acquisition KW - watershed management KW - USA, Arizona KW - watersheds KW - altimeters KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16998008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Laser+altimeter+measurements+at+Walnut+Gulch+Watershed%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BWeltz%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - watersheds; altimeters; topography; sensors; watershed management; data acquisition; USA, Arizona ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine movement in soil: Comparison of field observations and PRZM simulations AN - 16997268; 3837932 AB - The predictive capability of the pesticide root zone model (PRZM) was investigated for herbicide atrazine [2-chloro-4- (ethylamino)-6- (isopropylamino)-s- triazine] in corn production under no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) management practices. Simulation values of atrazine residues obtained using our site-specific soil and environmental data were compared with the actual values measured in soil samples taken from the root zones of the NT and CT plots during three growing seasons: 1986, 1987, and 1988. The mean concentration of atrazine in soil at each sampling time and depth after application, for each tillage treatment plot (NT or CT), was estimated based on the type of distribution (i.e., normal or lognormal). Overall, the PRZMs simulated concentrations for the top 10 cm of soil compared well with the atrazine residues measured in the CT plots, but overestimated measurements in NT plots. For example, in 1986 the mean atrazine concentration measured in soil samples taken 6 d after application from the top 10 cm of CT plots was 548 mu g/kg (S.E. 198 mu g/kg), and the PRZM predicted value was 690 mu g/kg. In contrast, the mean atrazine concentration for the same soil depth increment in NT plots was 385 mu g/kg (S.E. 154 mu g/kg), with a PRZM predicted value of 674 mu g/kg. Although the PRZM prediction was close to the measured mean for atrazine concentrations in the top 10 cm of the CT system, the model did not transport atrazine to the lower soil depths, as the actual values have indicated in all 3 years. The results of this model comparison, especially for the lower soil depths (20 to 30 cm) in the NT practice, indicated that the PRZM model does not account for the preferential transport of, and, consequently, underestimates the atrazine residue levels in the lower soil profile under NT management systems. JF - Journal of Soil Contamination AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AU - Shirmohammadi, A AD - USDA-ARS, Nat. Resour. Inst., Environ. Chem. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 151 EP - 161 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8337, 1058-8337 KW - agricultural pollution KW - agricultural practices KW - atrazine KW - pollutant persistence KW - sampling KW - sediment pollution KW - soil contamination KW - solute transport KW - transport processes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.atitle=Atrazine+movement+in+soil%3A+Comparison+of+field+observations+and+PRZM+simulations&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R%3BShirmohammadi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.issn=10588337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; sampling; herbicides; pollutant persistence; transport processes; sediment pollution; pesticides; atrazine; soil contamination; solute transport; agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of small-scale spatial rainfall variability on runoff modeling AN - 16997178; 3834286 AB - Rainfall and wind data obtained from a dense raingage network on a 4.4 ha semiarid catchment were used as input to a distributed rainfall-runoff model. It was shown that the wind direction and velocity have a relatively small impact on peak rate and runoff volume for this low relief watershed. However, even at this small scale, spatial variability of precipitation can translate into large variations in modeled runoff. When five model runs were conducted using input from one of five recording raingages, one at a time, the coefficient of variation for peak rate and runoff volume ranged from 9 to 76%, and from 2 to 65%, respectively, over eight observed storm events. By using four well distributed gages the variations in modeled runoff volume approach the sampling resolution of the raingages as well as the estimated accuracy of runoff volume and peak rate observations. The results of this study indicate that if distributed catchment modeling is to be conducted at the 5 ha scale in an environment dominated by convective air-mass thunderstorm rainfall, knowledge of the spatial rainfall variability on the same scale is required. A single raingage with the standard uniform rainfall assumption can lead to large uncertainties in runoff estimation. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Faures, J-M AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Woolhiser, DA AU - Sorooshian, S AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Res. Cent., 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719-1596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 309 EP - 326 VL - 173 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - thunderstorms KW - wind KW - model studies KW - rain gages KW - storm runoff KW - rainfall KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - runoff volume KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Impact+of+small-scale+spatial+rainfall+variability+on+runoff+modeling&rft.au=Faures%2C+J-M%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BWoolhiser%2C+DA%3BSorooshian%2C+S&rft.aulast=Faures&rft.aufirst=J-M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rain gages; rainfall; runoff volume; model studies; rainfall-runoff relationships; wind; thunderstorms; storm runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agro-ecological and climatological factors potentially influencing armyworm populations and their movement in the southeastern United States AN - 16996918; 3835286 AB - Economic infestations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), have rarely occurred in the Southeastern U.S. during the past several years. The author suggests that changes in agronomic practices (primarily the decreased corn acreages in source areas) interacting with interannual climatological variables are primary factors responsible for the decline. Precipitation appeared to be the primary factor influencing fall armyworm population levels at the overwintering site near Belle Glade, Florida. However, results of the study suggest that temperature and the availability of weather transport systems were the most important climatic factors governing fall armyworm abundance at Tifton, Georgia. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Pair, S D AU - Westbrook, J K AD - USDA-ARS, South Central Agric., Res. Lab., Lane, OK 74555, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 VL - 18 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - migration KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - climatic conditions KW - USA, Southeast KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16996918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Agro-ecological+and+climatological+factors+potentially+influencing+armyworm+populations+and+their+movement+in+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Pair%2C+S+D%3BWestbrook%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Pair&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; USA, Southeast; migration; climatic conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff index values for frozen soil areas of the Pacific Northwest AN - 16996864; 3826327 AB - Several operational hydrology and erosion models use the NRCS Runoff Curve Number procedure to estimate runoff. However, runoff Curve Numbers are poorly defined and perhaps inappropriate for areas such as the Pacific Northwest where the annual hydrology is dominated by winter processes of snowfall and soil freezing and thawing. Hence, these models do not perform well under these conditions. This has hampered successful use of models such as EPIC, CREAMS, and AGNPS in the region. Runoff index values have been calculated using runoff curve number relationships from runoff plot data from the Palouse Conservation Field Station near Pullman, Washington. These runoff index values range considerably higher than Curve Numbers commonly used in hydrologic planning and can be used to improve performance of Curve Number based models under winter conditions of the Pacific Northwest. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - McCool, D K AU - Walter, M T AU - King, L G AD - USDA-ARS, Biol. Eng. Dep., Washington State Univ., WA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 466 EP - 469 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil temperature KW - hydrology KW - planning KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - snow KW - runoff KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16996864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff+index+values+for+frozen+soil+areas+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=McCool%2C+D+K%3BWalter%2C+M+T%3BKing%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=McCool&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - runoff; hydrology; snow; soil temperature; planning; soil erosion; USA, Pacific Northwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New strategies for the Water Data Center AN - 16996028; 3826340 AB - The Water Data Center (WDC) is a group within the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), responsible for storing, disseminating, and archiving water data collected by the agency. In an effort to make data readily available to the public, the WDC has developed several strategies to improve the applicability and availability of the ARS water database. Distribution strategies include an on-line information management system known as REPHLEX II, a CD-ROM, Internet access via anonymous file transfer protocol, and direct interaction with WDC staff. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Thurman, J L AU - Roberts, R T AD - Water Data Cent., USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 530 EP - 531 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - databases KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - data collections KW - research facilities KW - watersheds KW - data storage and retrieval KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16996028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=New+strategies+for+the+Water+Data+Center&rft.au=Thurman%2C+J+L%3BRoberts%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Thurman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - research facilities; data collections; data storage and retrieval; hydrology; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of meteorology on rime and snow chemistry at a mountaintop site in northern California AN - 16995974; 3827710 AB - Samples of rime and snow were collected from 36 storm events during three winters at a high-elevation site in northern-California. Trajectories for the 36 events were segregated into types characterized by either large zonal or large meridional extent. The hypothesis that events dominated by meridional flow (potentially bringing pollutants to the study site from pollutant source areas to the south) were associated with elevated ion concentrations in time was not substantiated. For both the combined 3-year period, and winter 1988-89 alone, Cl super(-), NO sub(3) super(-), SO sub(4) super(2-), and H super(+) concentrations in rime were greater generally than in snow, with the 3-year median concentrations for these ions ranging from 7 to 11 mu eq L super(-1) in rime, vs. 2 to 8 mu eq L super(-1) in snow. Intra-year variation in ion concentrations in rime was high during all three winters, with maximum concentrations during events in winter 1988-89 at least 16 times the magnitude of the minimum concentration for each ion. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Berg, N AU - Heggli, M AU - Monteverdi, J AD - Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 25 EP - 36 VL - 81 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - rime KW - chemistry of precipitation KW - acid precipitation KW - USA, California, Northern KW - meteorology KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - ions KW - air pollution KW - mountains KW - snow KW - USA, California KW - chemical analysis KW - acid rain KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16995974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+meteorology+on+rime+and+snow+chemistry+at+a+mountaintop+site+in+northern+California&rft.au=Berg%2C+N%3BHeggli%2C+M%3BMonteverdi%2C+J&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rime; snow; mountains; ions; chemistry of precipitation; air pollution; acid rain; chemical analysis; USA, California; meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal precipitation characteristics over a large gaged network AN - 16995501; 3825903 AB - A network of 168 recording precipitation gages was operated by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service in south central Oklahoma from October 1961 until October 1986. This network, the largest of its kind, consisted of weighing recording rain gages spaced on a 5km by 5km grid over a 3,900km super(2) area. Data gathered from this network provide spatial and temporal characteristics of frontal and air mass storm precipitation at a scale that far surpasses the normal climatic station spacing (approximately 50km). These data are not only useful for furnishing the detailed precipitation inputs to 50 watershed studies conducted on areas of a few hectares to 2940 km super(2), but also provide invaluable information for stochastic modeling of storm precipitation inputs for hydrologic simulation models. Analyses of 24 years of daily precipitation data collected from this network depict annual spatial variation of precipitation, as well as distribution of storm size, orientation, and spatial occurrence that are required for stochastic representation of storm area precipitation. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Nicks, AD AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 443 EP - 445 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - networks KW - rain gages KW - rainfall KW - precipitation KW - floods KW - watersheds KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16995501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+precipitation+characteristics+over+a+large+gaged+network&rft.au=Nicks%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Nicks&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - precipitation; networks; rain gages; rainfall; watersheds; floods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatiles emitted by different cotton varieties damaged by feeding beet armyworm larvae AN - 16995153; 3820926 AB - Volatile compounds elicited by insect herbivore feeding damage in five cotton cultivars and one naturalized cotton variety were examined by allowing beet armyworm larvae to feed overnight on leaves and collecting volatiles from the plants in situ. Of 23 compounds identified from larval damaged leaves, terpenes and lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase-derived volatiles predominated. No pronounced differences in the levels of volatile emissions were noted from leaves of undamaged plants of the different varieties. However, average volatile emission from damaged leaves of the naturalized variety was almost sevenfold higher than from damaged leaves of the commercial cultivars. This was despite the fact that larvae preferred feeding on the leaves of commercial cultivars over those of the naturalized variety in choice tests. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Loughrin, J H AU - Manukian, A AU - Heath, R R AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1217 EP - 1227 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - terpenes KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lepidoptera KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - volatiles KW - herbivory KW - feeding behavior KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16995153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatiles+emitted+by+different+cotton+varieties+damaged+by+feeding+beet+armyworm+larvae&rft.au=Loughrin%2C+J+H%3BManukian%2C+A%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Loughrin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Gossypium hirsutum; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; herbivory; volatiles; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental watersheds: A historical perspective AN - 16994421; 3826345 AB - The need for hydrologic information has been widely recognized by scientists, legislators, and conservationists for decades, if not centuries, and major data collection and analysis programs have been promoted in many developed countries. The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has been conducting research on the hydrologic responses of cropland and rangeland watersheds since the agency was established in 1953. To assist the development of a new scientific understanding of hydrologic processes, and to solve water resources problems in the United States, the Administration and Congress invested several million dollars in a major expansion of the watershed experimental program. Experimental watersheds are the outdoor laboratories of scientific hydrology. Hydrology evolved from human curiosity about the origin and fate of water, and from water's central role in sustaining life and promoting economic development. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Farrell, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 432 EP - 437 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - history KW - experimental design KW - watersheds KW - research priorities KW - laboratories KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Experimental+watersheds%3A+A+historical+perspective&rft.au=Farrell%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - history; watersheds; hydrology; research priorities; laboratories; experimental design ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of conidia production temperature on germination and infectivity of Alternaria helianthi AN - 16994385; 3824711 AB - Conidia of an isolate of Alternaria helianthi produced under different temperatures were studied for growth and infectivity on hosts and non-hosts. Infective conidia (5 x 10 super(4) conidia per ml) caused blight disease on 2- to 3-week-old hosts, including sunflower (Helianthus annuus), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), within 24 h of treatment. Disease symptoms included necrosis, stunting, wilting, and mortality of susceptible species. The fungus grew well from 18 to 30 degree C, but growth was more rapid at 28 and 30 degree C. More conidia were produced at 18 to 26 degree C than at 28 or 30 degree C. Infectivity decreased as conidia production temperature increased. The conidia produced at 28 and 30 degree C were noninfective on their hosts. Infectivity was greatest when conidia had thick cell walls, high percent germination, and high number of germ tubes. Conidia produced at 18 to 22 degree C germinated more rapidly than did conidia produced at 26 to 30 degree C. Regardless of production temperature, germination was greater on host plants than on nonhost plants or filter paper. Histochemical studies showed that conidia produced at lower temperatures stained lightly for lipids and proteins and intensely for polysaccharides. Conidia produced at 28 degree C were either empty or had gutuoles of lipids and only traces of proteins or polysaccharides. The conclusion drawn was that cellular degeneration at the higher temperatures was responsible for the reduced germination and infectivity. JF - Phytopathology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Egley, G H AU - Paul, R N AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 677 EP - 682 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - Alternaria helianthi KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - conidia KW - Helianthus annuus KW - Xanthium strumarium KW - Carthamus tinctorius KW - germination KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+conidia+production+temperature+on+germination+and+infectivity+of+Alternaria+helianthi&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BEgley%2C+G+H%3BPaul%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helianthus annuus; Carthamus tinctorius; Xanthium strumarium; conidia; germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilizing fractal principles for predicting soil hydraulic properties AN - 16994332; 3826326 AB - Procedures have been developed for predicting both matrix and macropore hydraulic soil properties from published methods. Methods for predicting the matrix and macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity used coupling fractal processes with the Marshall saturated conductivity formulation. Also, methods relating the number of pore classes, maximum pore radius, size/count distribution, and areal porosity to soil properties used fractal principles. The methods were organized to provide estimates of matrix and macropore characteristics from several alternative data inputs. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Rawls, W J AU - Brakensiek, D L AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 463 EP - 465 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - fractals KW - macropores KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - mathematical analysis KW - soil properties KW - semiarid lands KW - pore size KW - hydraulic properties KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Utilizing+fractal+principles+for+predicting+soil+hydraulic+properties&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BBrakensiek%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical analysis; soil properties; hydraulic properties; permeability coefficient; pore size; semiarid lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling biochemical and biophysical processes at the leaf level: An equilibrium photosynthesis model for leaves of C sub(3) plants AN - 16994102; 3826258 AB - The paper presents a generic computer model for estimating short-term steady-state fluxes of CO sub(2), water vapor, and heat from broad leaves and needle-leaved coniferous shoots of C sub(3) plant species. The model explicitly couples all major processes and feedbacks known to impact leaf biochemistry and biophysics including biochemical reactions, stomatal function, and leaf-boundary layer heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. The ability of the model to successfully predict measured photosynthesis and stomatal-conductance data as well as to simulate a variety of observed leaf responses is demonstrated. A model application investigating physiological and environmental regulation of leaf water-use efficiency (WUE) under steady-state conditions is discussed. Simulation results suggest that leaf physiology has a significant control over the environmental sensitivity of leaf WUE. The implementation of a highly efficient solution technique allows the model to be directly incorporated into plant-canopy and terrestrial ecosystem models. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Nikolov, N T AU - Massman, W J AU - Schoettle, A W AD - USDA FS/Rocky Mt. Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 240 W. Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 205 EP - 235 VL - 80 IS - 2-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - C sub(3) plants KW - carbon dioxide KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - water use KW - leaves KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Coupling+biochemical+and+biophysical+processes+at+the+leaf+level%3A+An+equilibrium+photosynthesis+model+for+leaves+of+C+sub%283%29+plants&rft.au=Nikolov%2C+N+T%3BMassman%2C+W+J%3BSchoettle%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Nikolov&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - leaves; water use; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage influences as measured by ponded and tension infiltration AN - 16994071; 3826343 AB - Increasing numbers of farmers are using conservation tillage systems for reducing soil erosion. Tillage/residue management systems also influence soil properties at or near the surface through their effect on pore arrangement, surface sealing, and tillage pans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the near-surface pore characteristics of long-term tillage systems using ponded and tension infiltration measurements. Three farmer-managed tillage systems were compared by measuring infiltration on four or five soil map units (2 locations each) within a single field in each system. Infiltration measurements also were made at four other locations on researcher-managed tillage system plots arranged in traditional randomized complete block designs. Differences between farming systems were not significant because of inherent variability, because no surface seal developed on the soil, and because significant tillage pans did not develop. Heavy rains did not occur during the study year until the canopy was fully developed; this prevented formation of surface seals even in tillage systems without much surface residue. These measurements showed that hydraulic conductivity of long-term no-till and ridge-till systems was not reduced compared with conventional tilled systems. All of the no-till and ridge-till systems examined had been cultivated for weed control in some years except for one farmer-managed system, which was disturbed by anhydrous ammonia applied with a knife applicator. Negative effects of compaction in no-till may be offset by the positive influence of increased earthworm (Lumbricus and Apporecteda sps) activity. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Logsdon, S D AU - Kaspar, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 571 EP - 575 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - conservation tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - soil properties KW - farms KW - erosion control KW - infiltration KW - cultivated lands KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Tillage+influences+as+measured+by+ponded+and+tension+infiltration&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D%3BKaspar%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; agricultural practices; erosion control; soil properties; permeability coefficient; farms; cultivated lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural impacts on bacterial water quality in karst groundwater AN - 16993470; 3843713 AB - A 2-yr study (1991-1992) was conducted in a karst region in southeast West Virginia to determine the impact of agriculture on groundwater quality. The primary agriculture is characterized by seasonal cattle grazing. Fecal coliform densities were measured weekly in the resurgences of three karst basins possessing different degrees of agricultural intensity (79, 51, and 16% land use in agriculture). Fecal coliforms were also measured in a creek at sites upstream and downstream of the known resurgences from the most agriculturally intensive (79%) basin. The fecal coliform densities in the resurgences peaked in the summer and declined in the fall, with a recovery in late winter before the introduction of new cattle. The timing of the recovery indicated that significant storage of fecal material had taken place, which was transported to the groundwater when soil water conditions permitted. For most of each year, soil water effects appeared to have a greater bearing on the fecal coliform densities than did the presence or absence of cattle. The data did not generally support a strong relationship with percent land use in agriculture. This was attributed to the high variability in the data and to low soil moisture during periods of recession that inhibited the transport of fecal material to the groundwater. The karst resurgence springs of the most intensively agricultural basin were contaminated with fecal bacteria. Fecal bacteria concentrations were observed to significantly increase, in the receiving surface stream, from a point upstream of the resurgence springs to a point downstream of the resurgence springs. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Pasquarell, G C AU - Boyer, D G AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 867, Beckley, WA 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 959 EP - 969 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - karst KW - agricultural practices KW - feces KW - soil water KW - springs KW - karstic environments KW - ground water KW - cattle KW - agricultural pollution KW - fecal coliforms KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - coliforms KW - USA, West Virginia KW - groundwater pollution KW - bacteria KW - seasonal variations KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16993470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Agricultural+impacts+on+bacterial+water+quality+in+karst+groundwater&rft.au=Pasquarell%2C+G+C%3BBoyer%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Pasquarell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; karst; groundwater pollution; agricultural practices; cattle; bacteria; coliforms; feces; seasonal variations; soil water; springs; USA, West Virginia; fecal coliforms; agricultural pollution; karstic environments; ground water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calculated three dimensional structures of the fumonisin B sub(1-4) mycotoxins AN - 16993059; 3818471 AB - Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon is one of the most important ear rot pathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) and other grains throughout the world. When fed to horses, corn infected with F. moniliforme produced clinical signs and lesions typical of the fatal neurotoxic syndrome, equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM). ELEM of horses and other equines is characterized by liquefaction necrosis of the white matter of one or both cerebral hemispheres. ELEM is a disease reported in the U.S. since the early 1900's and known in Egypt, Africa, China, Japan, and European countries. Corn samples associated with ELEM caused hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. F. moniliforme cultures caused porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) acute nephrosis and hepatosis in sheep, and cirrhosis, intraventricular cardiac thrombosis, and nephrosis in rats, and were shown to have cancer-promoting activity. Four biologically active fumonisins have been isolated and characterized. Fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) (FB sub(1) and FB sub(2)) (Fig. 1), and fumonisins B sub(3) and B sub(4) (FB sub(3) and FB sub(4)) (Fig. 1) were isolated from the culture material of F. moniliforme. The first experimental evidence that FB sub(1) caused ELEM was presented by Marasas et al. (1988). Horses orally dosed with FB sub(1) developed ELEM and ponies developed ELEM, hepatic necrosis, and encephalopathy. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Beier, R C AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Stanker, L H AD - Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845-9594, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 479 EP - 487 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - fumonisin B KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - structure KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16993059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Calculated+three+dimensional+structures+of+the+fumonisin+B+sub%281-4%29+mycotoxins&rft.au=Beier%2C+R+C%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BStanker%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Beier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of runoff phosphorus on extractable soil phosphorus AN - 16991645; 3828170 AB - The sustainable management of fertilizer and manure P to minimize freshwater eutrophication requires identification of soil P levels that exceed crop P requirements and have the potential for P enrichment of runoff. Although several states have established such P levels, insufficient data are available to theoretically justify them. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between the concentrations of P in runoff and in soil. Surface samples (0-10 cm) of 10 Oklahoma soils were packed in 0.15 m super(2) boxes, incubated for 7 d with poultry litter (0-20 Mg ha super(-1)) to obtain a range in Mehlich-3 P contents (7-360 mg kg super(-1)), and received five 30-min rainfalls applied at 1-d intervals. The concentration of dissolved, bioavailable, and particulate P in runoff was related (r super(2) > 0.90; P < 0.1) to the Mehlich-3 P content of surface soil (0-1 cm), with regression slopes ranging from 2.0 to 7.2, increasing as soil P sorption maxima increased (r super(2) = 0.93). Two soils of 200 mg kg super(-1) i Mehlich-3 P supported a dissolved P concentration in runoff of 280 mu g L super(-1) (San Saba clay; fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellustert) and 1360 mu g L super(-1) (Stigler silt loam; fine, mixed, thermic Aquic Paleudalf). Thus, relationships between runoff and soil P will have to be soil specific for use in management recommendations. A single linear relationship described the dependence of dissolved (r super(2) = 0.86) and bioavailable P (r super(2) = 0.85) on soil P sorption saturation. The added complexity of the P saturation approach may limit its application; however, the approach integrates the effect of soil type with soil P content to better estimate the potential for P loss in runoff than soil P alone. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 920 EP - 926 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - agricultural pollution KW - dissolved solids KW - particulate matter KW - path of pollutants KW - phosphorus removal KW - pollution control KW - soil analysis KW - soil surfaces KW - soil types KW - soils KW - stormwater runoff KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - manure KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - water quality control KW - phosphorus KW - experimental data KW - runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+runoff+phosphorus+on+extractable+soil+phosphorus&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; soils; fertilizers; manure; runoff; phosphorus; water quality control; experimental data; pollution control; stormwater runoff; particulate matter; soil types; dissolved solids; soil analysis; phosphorus removal; soil surfaces; path of pollutants; USA, Oklahoma; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying sites vulnerable to phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff AN - 16991628; 3828169 AB - The continual application of more phosphorus (P) in fertilizer and manure to agricultural systems than removed in harvested crops can lead to surface soil accumulation of P. As a result, soil P has become of environmental rather than agronomic concern in areas of intensive crop and livestock production where P enrichment of runoff can promote eutrophication. To target cost-effective remedial measures, sites vulnerable to P loss in runoff must be identified. Site identification by traditional field trials and computer simulations can be time consuming, costly, and data intensive. The Lemunyon and Gilbert field index was used to rank the vulnerability for P loss from 30 unfertilized and P-fertilized, grassed, and cropped watersheds in the Southern Plains. Watershed vulnerability to P loss in runoff was closely related (r super(2) = 0.70**) to actual losses measured over the last 16 yr (0.1-5 kg P ha super(-1) yr super(-1)). Vulnerability to P loss decreased in the order: conventionally tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); no-till wheat; native grass; and set-aside grass. Also, erosive gully remediation by shaping, sprigging with Midland bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] reduced vulnerability from medium to low. The P index is a valuable tool to identify P sources within a watershed that will require more intensive management to minimize P loss in runoff while maintaining crop productivity. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, A AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 947 EP - 951 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - agricultural pollution KW - phosphorus index KW - phosphorus removal KW - pollution control KW - soil analysis KW - soils KW - stormwater runoff KW - water pollution sources KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - manure KW - phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - agricultural runoff KW - cost analysis KW - eutrophication KW - USA, Texas KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Identifying+sites+vulnerable+to+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soils; agricultural pollution; fertilizers; manure; agricultural runoff; cost analysis; eutrophication; phosphorus; pollution control; stormwater runoff; phosphorus removal; water pollution sources; soil analysis; USA, Oklahoma; USA, Texas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water management in semiarid environments AN - 16991626; 3825900 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Van Schilfgaarde, J AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Resour. Syst., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 420 EP - 421 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - resources management KW - semiarid lands KW - water management KW - ecosystems KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Water+management+in+semiarid+environments&rft.au=Van+Schilfgaarde%2C+J&rft.aulast=Van+Schilfgaarde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water management; semiarid lands; ecosystems; resources management; hydrology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial characterization of a Moraxella bovis cytolysin AN - 16990832; 3834055 AB - Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) is the etiologic agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and M. bovis hemolysin is believed to be an important virulence factor. Two strains of M. bovis were compared, Epp 63(300) (Epp), a known virulent and hemolytic strain, and IBH 63 (IBH), a known avirulent and nonhemolytic strain. Sterile 10-fold (10X) supernatant concentrates were obtained from cultures grown in TSB broth with 10 mM CaCl sub(2). Supernatant hemolysin titers for Epp, were 1:1024 and 1:8192 for unconcentrated (1X) and 10X, respectively. Supernatant cytotoxin titers to bovine mononuclear cells were 1:32 and 1:128 for 1X and 10X, respectively, for Epp. Cytolytic (hemolytic and cytotoxic) activities declined 10-fold but were still measurable for >1 wk at 4 degree C. Both activities were inactivated by trypsin and by heating at 56 degree C for 20 min. A cytotoxic effect was observed on cultured bovine and ovine corneal epithelial cells with Epp. All cytolytic effects were neutralized with antiserum to 10X Epp. No cytolytic activities were detected for 10X IBH. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and related immunoblots indicate a high molecular weight protein at 110 kDa for the 10X Epp preparation when stained with silver or probed with monoclonal antibodies to the E. coli alpha hemolysin. No 110 kDa band is observed for 10X IBH. These data suggest that hemolytic and cytotoxic activities are important in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and identify the protein as a possible RTX related toxin of 110 kDa. Stability of the M. bovis cytolysin for >1 week should allow further characterization and purification of the protein. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Gray, J T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Rogers, D G AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 183 EP - 196 VL - 43 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cytolysins KW - infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cytotoxicity testing KW - molecular weight KW - keratoconjunctivitis KW - immunoblotting KW - Moraxella bovis KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16990832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Partial+characterization+of+a+Moraxella+bovis+cytolysin&rft.au=Gray%2C+J+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BRogers%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Moraxella bovis; keratoconjunctivitis; cytotoxicity testing; immunoblotting; molecular weight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of calcium sulfite with soils and plants AN - 16990558; 3826250 AB - CaSO sub(3) is a by-product formed by several of the processes used for scrubbing SO sub(2) from flue gas produced by coal-burning power generators. Using CaSO sub(3) to improve the calcium status of acid soils would be a beneficial alternative to disposal in landfills. CaSO sub(3) has biocidal properties and is used as a disinfectant and food and drink preservative. It is important to evaluate under what conditions application to soils would not harm plant growth. Laboratory experiments confirmed that two transformations of CaSO sub(3) occurred in soil systems: (1) decomposition to produce SO sub(2) gas, and (2) oxidation to calcium sulfate. Conversion to SO sub(2) occurred in solution and soil at low pH, and acid soils treated with CaSO sub(3) were initially toxic to seedling root growth. The degree of toxicity was time-dependent, with reduction in toxicity occurring as CaSO sub(3) oxidized to calcium sulfate. Soil reaction also influenced toxicity, and at soil pH levels above 6, little seedling toxicity was evident. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Kinraide, T B AU - Wendell, R R AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 329 EP - 335 VL - 173 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - calcium sulfite KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Triticum aestivum KW - fertilizer applications KW - soils (acid) KW - toxicity KW - oxidation KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16990558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+calcium+sulfite+with+soils+and+plants&rft.au=Ritchey%2C+K+D%3BKinraide%2C+T+B%3BWendell%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ritchey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; soils (acid); fertilizer applications; oxidation; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large area mapping of soil moisture using the ESTAR passive microwave radiometer in Washita'92 AN - 16990555; 3825938 AB - Washita'92 was a large-scale study of remote sensing and hydrology conducted on the Little Washita watershed in southwest Oklahoma. Data collection during the experiment included passive microwave observations using an L-band electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR) and surface soil moisture observations at sites distributed over the area. Data were collected on 8 days over a 9-day period in June 1992. The watershed was saturated with a great deal of standing water at the outset of the study. During the experiment there was no rainfall and surface soil moisture observations exhibited a drydown pattern over the period. Significant variations in the level and rate of change in surface soil moisture were noted over areas dominated by different soil textures. ESTAR data were processed to produce brightness temperature maps of a 740 sq. km. area on each of the 8 days. These data exhibited significant spatial and temporal patterns. Spatial patterns were clearly associated with soil textures and temporal patterns with drainage and evaporative processes. Relationships between the ground-sampled soil moisture and the brightness temperatures were consistent with previous results. Spatial averaging of both variables was analyzed to study scaling of soil moisture over a mixed landscape. Results of these studies showed that a strong correlation is retained at these scales, suggesting that mapping surface moisture for large footprints may provide important information for regional studies. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Jackson, T J AU - Le Vine, DM AU - Swift, C T AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Schiebe AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., 104 Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 27 EP - 37 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - radiometers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - satellite technology KW - soil physical properties KW - soil surveys KW - mapping KW - microwaves KW - USA, Oklahoma, Little Washita R. KW - remote sensing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16990555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Large+area+mapping+of+soil+moisture+using+the+ESTAR+passive+microwave+radiometer+in+Washita%2792&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BLe+Vine%2C+DM%3BSwift%2C+C+T%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BSchiebe&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; mapping; soil water; soil physical properties; soil surveys; satellite technology; microwaves; USA, Oklahoma, Little Washita R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in ewe lambs AN - 16990299; 3824650 AB - Aflatoxins are polysubstituted bisfuranoscoumarins that are secondary fungal metabolites produced by the flavus-parasiticus group of the genus Aspergillus. The toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF) in livestock have been well documented and may include hepatotoxicosis, immunosuppression, reduced performance, oncogenesis, or death. Lambs are sensitive to AF and decreased performance, serum biochemical alterations, pathologic hepatic lesions, decreased immune function, and death are effects of AF which can be of economic importance. Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species that has been reported in cereal grains, feeds, and agricultural commodities worldwide. Like T-2 toxin, DAS has been described as radiomimetic with regard to lymphoid tissues and gastrointestinal epithelium, as a contact necrotizing agent for lingual and buccal mucosa, and an inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis. It is unknown how sensitive sheep are to DAS, however, T-2 toxin induces toxicity in lambs and DAS and T-2 toxin are very similar in their chemical structure and have similar toxicity for most species of animals. It is a common practice to use multiple grain sources in sheep diets and feeding diets contaminated with both AF and DAS is a possibility. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of AF and DAS and to describe the major effects of feeding diets co-contaminated with AF and DAS to growing lambs. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Corrier, DE AU - Rottinghaus, GE AD - USDA/ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Rt. 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - sheep KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - dietary intake KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16990299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+aflatoxin+and+diacetoxyscirpenol+in+ewe+lambs&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BRottinghaus%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; aflatoxins; mycotoxins; dietary intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sites: The new DAMS2 AN - 16989986; 3828617 AB - The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has updated its DAMS2 Structure Site Analysis computer program to reflect the evolving technology related to earth (soil and rock) spillway design and analysis. The changes include: 1) incorporation of vegetal retardance (discharge dependent flow resistance) into a water surface profile routine for use in computing the head discharge rating for the spillway, 2) computation of erosionally effective boundary stress for stability design of the exit channel, and 3) evaluation of breach potential using a three-phase erosion model. NRCS has tested the new software and is currently utilizing it for spillway design and analysis. The new software was renamed SITES and version 95.3 will be distributed in February 1996. This article provides an overview of the program changes and their significance to the user. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Temple, D M AU - Richardson, H H AU - Brevard, JA AU - Hanson, G J AD - Hydraul. Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Service, Stillwater OK, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 831 EP - 834 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - NRCS KW - DAMS2 Structure Site Analysis KW - SITES KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - computer programs KW - hydrology KW - structure KW - hydraulics KW - erosion KW - dams KW - design criteria KW - flood control KW - spillways KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16989986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Sites%3A+The+new+DAMS2&rft.au=Temple%2C+D+M%3BRichardson%2C+H+H%3BBrevard%2C+JA%3BHanson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dams; hydraulics; hydrology; computer programs; spillways; erosion; flood control; design criteria; structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal migration of the black cutworm AN - 16989741; 3835288 AB - Adult populations of black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), males were monitored 1 June to 31 December 1985-1987. Texas 70-50-cm cone traps baited with sex pheromone were located north to south, 41 degree 45'N to 25 degree 45'N latitude, at Ankeny, Iowa; Columbia, Missouri; Crowley, Louisiana; and Beaumont, College Station, and Brownsville, Texas. Forecasts of nightly near-surface (100-300 m) airflow were recorded from 18 weather stations in the midcontinental United States. Average moth capture summed per 2-week interval for each Gulf Coast location was regressed upon nights of near surface northerly flow (southward displacement) summed per 2-week interval and also on average moth capture summed per 2-week interval at Ankeny or Columbia. Near-surface northerly flow was not a limiting factor at Crowley or Beaumont. Increased moth capture at Crowley was associated with decreased moth capture at Ankeny and Columbia during 1987. Although not significant, there was a consistent relationship between increased capture at Beaumont and decreased capture at Ankeny. Farther west, in south-central Texas, there was strong evidence for moth captured at College Station to be related to near-surface northerly flow (one of three years) and to source moths (two of three years) from Ankeny. Farther south and west, capture at Brownsville was also associated with near-surface northerly flow two of three years of the study. During 1987, similar to moth capture at Crowley, moth capture at Brownsville was related to source moths from Ankeny. These results suggest that near-surface (100-300 m) northerly winds may be responsible for autumnal southward migration of black cutworm moths. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Showers, W B AU - Keaster, A J AU - Raulston, J R AU - Goodenough, J L AU - Hendrix, WH III AU - Way, MO AU - Robinson, J F AD - Corn Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 18 IS - supplement SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - migration KW - Agrotis ipsilon KW - Lepidoptera KW - USA KW - seasonal variations KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16989741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Seasonal+migration+of+the+black+cutworm&rft.au=Showers%2C+W+B%3BKeaster%2C+A+J%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BGoodenough%2C+J+L%3BHendrix%2C+WH+III%3BWay%2C+MO%3BRobinson%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Showers&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=supplement&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrotis ipsilon; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; USA; migration; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxins from plant pathogens as potential herbicides AN - 16988550; 3833342 AB - Plant pathogens remain a largely untapped reservoir of natural compounds with potential as herbicides or as herbicide leads. Many preliminary studies have identified a variety of non-host-specific phytotoxins isolated from pathogenic bacteria and fungi that deserve further investigation. Host-specific phytotoxins are less numerous and have sometimes been shown to have broader spectra when tested on a variety of plants, including weeds. This may allow the application of these toxins or their analogs in weed management. The study of phytotoxins produced by weed pathogens is relatively new. This may be where the greatest chance of developing commercial herbicides lies. Because they are derived from weed-infesting pathogens, such phytotoxins may have more chance of being toxic to weeds and less likelihood of damaging crops. However, much work still needs to be done, including isolation, purification, and host specificity testing, as well as production and safety studies. Since the traditional methods of herbicide discovery are becoming less productive, the study of microbially-derived herbicides could be a major source of new herbicides and herbicide templates in the future. More effort should be expended in this area of research in the future, despite the obstacles that exist. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, SO AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 523 EP - 543 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fungi KW - bacteria KW - herbicides KW - phytotoxins KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16988550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Phytotoxins+from+plant+pathogens+as+potential+herbicides&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; phytotoxins; fungi; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic effects of aflatoxin B sub(1) and ochratoxin A, alone and in combination, on chicken embryos AN - 16988489; 3824651 AB - Aflatoxin B sub(1) (AFB), a member of a group of closely related, biologically active mycotoxins, is produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and occurs naturally in several important animal feeds including corn, cottonseed, and peanuts. Aflatoxins damage the liver, kidney, and thymus producing a variety of effects including disruption of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, immunosuppression, decreased growth rate and lowered productivity. Additionally, aflatoxins have been shown to be potent hepatocarcinogens, strong mutagens, and potential teratogens. Ochratoxins, of which ochratoxin A (OA) is the most prevalent, are produced by species of Aspergillus and Pencillium and occur as natural contaminants of many feedstuffs including corn, barley, wheat, oats, and peanuts. Toxic effects of OA include liver and kidney damage, growth retardation and reduced food consumption. Ochratoxin A has been shown to be teratogenic in mice, rats, hamsters, and chick embryos. The Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST) bioassay is a rapid, inexpensive technique for testing the embryotoxic potential of numerous compounds including fungal metabolites. The CHEST bioassay has been used to examine the effects of mycotoxins including aflatoxin and ochratoxin. Because AFB and OA can occur simultaneously in feedstuffs and the demonstrated impact of mycotoxin interactions, the present study was designed to determine the effects of AFB and OA administered in combination, using the CHEST bioassay. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Rt. 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 331 EP - 336 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - ochratoxin A KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - toxicity testing KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - chick embryos KW - interaction KW - mycotoxins KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16988489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxic+effects+of+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29+and+ochratoxin+A%2C+alone+and+in+combination%2C+on+chicken+embryos&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; toxicity testing; chick embryos; mycotoxins; interaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of immune responses in cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 or strain RB51 AN - 16988405; 3822598 AB - Immune responses were measured for 12 weeks following vaccination of cattle with either Brucella abortus strain (S) 19 or SRB51. Cattle vaccinated with S19, but not with SRB51, produced antibodies that agglutinated B. abortus S1119 in the standard tube agglutination test. Cattle vaccinated with S19 or SRB51 produced antibodies to the surface antigens of SRB51 when measured by a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Superficial cervical lymph node (LN) cells obtained by biopsy at 10 and 12 weeks from cattle given the S19 or SRB51 vaccine exhibited similar proliferative responses when incubated in vitro with gamma -irradiated B. aboratus S2308. At 10 and 12 weeks after vaccination, LN cells obtained from cattle given S19 or SRB51 proliferated to 22 protein fractions (106-18 kDa proteins) of B. aboratus S2308 that were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Twelve of the same 22 fractions, which contained 49-27 kDa proteins, produced a stimulation index of greater than 10 when incubated with LN cells taken from S19-vaccinated or SRB51-vaccinated cattle. Two factions, which contained 27 kDa proteins of S2308, induced the highest proliferative response (stimulation index 25 or greater) by LN cells in cattle given either S19 or SRB51. These results suggest that cattle vaccinated with S19 or SRB51 have similar LN immune responses to S2308, but unlike S19, SRB51 does not induce positive results in the standard tube agglutination test used to diagnose brucellosis in cattle. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Brucellosis Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 223 EP - 235 VL - 44 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - vaccination KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16988405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+immune+responses+in+cattle+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+19+or+strain+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of temperature on isolates of Fusarium moniliforme causing fig endosepsis and Aspergillus niger causing smut AN - 16988118; 3824712 AB - Isolates of Fusarium moniliforme causing endosepsis, two obtained from cultivated fig and three from wild fig pollinator trees, and an isolate of Aspergillus niger causing smut on figs were evaluated for fruit colonization and lesion expansion at five constant temperatures. Surface-disinfested fruit halves from fig pollinator trees were inoculated individually with isolates of F. moniliforme and A. niger on the uncut surfaces and incubated at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degree C under high humidity (>97%). Lesion sizes of smut and endosepsis were recorded after 3 and 5 days of incubation, respectively. To determine rates of lesion expansion, lesion sizes of endosepsis and smut were recorded at 48- and 24-h intervals after inoculation, respectively. Optimal temperature for E. moniliforme colonization was 30 degree C. Isolates from cultivated caprifigs failed to colonize at 35 degree C. Higher temperatures resulted in shorter latent periods for both F. moniliforme (40 to 60 h at 30 degree C) and A. niger (44 h at 35 degree C). Fusarium moniliforme isolates from the wild caprifigs had a significantly shorter latent period at 30 degree C (40 h) than isolates from cultivated caprifigs (60 h). Lesion sizes caused by isolates at different temperatures differed significantly (P = 0.0001). At each temperature, isolates from wild caprifigs caused significantly larger lesions and sporulated more than isolates from cultivated caprifigs. Optimal temperature for A. niger colonization was 35 degree C. At temperatures of <25 degree C, lesions areas caused by F. moniliforme isolates were significantly larger; at 30 and 35 degree C, lesion areas caused by A. niger were significantly larger. At 30 and 35 degree C, the rates of lesion expansion for A. niger were twice as great as rates for any isolate of F. moniliforme. Because temperatures of <30 degree C are not conducive to A. niger development, smut is rare on caprifigs and is common on Calimyrna figs. JF - Phytopathology AU - Subbarao, K V AU - Michailides, T J AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, c/o USDA-ARS, Stn., 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 662 EP - 668 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - endosepsis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Ficus KW - smut KW - Aspergillus niger KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16988118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+temperature+on+isolates+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+causing+fig+endosepsis+and+Aspergillus+niger+causing+smut&rft.au=Subbarao%2C+K+V%3BMichailides%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Subbarao&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Aspergillus niger; Ficus; smut ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal effects of tumor necrosis factor-a on intracellular survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis AN - 16988062; 3833833 AB - The causative agent in Johne's disease is Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen which causes enteritis in ruminants. Little is known about interactions between the host cell (macrophage) and M. paratuberculosis; however, this bacterium is able to evade normal host immune defenses and cause a chronic infective state. In the present study, we evaluated whether activation of a murine macrophage cell line (J774.16) by pretreatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) prior to infection with M. paratuberculosis would affect their ability to restrict growth and kill the ingested bacteria. A murine cell line was utilized owing to diffculty in obtaining bovine reagents and lack of a continuous bovine macrophage cell line for repeated experimentation. After 4 h of infection, numbers of viable bacteria in cell lysates were signifcantly lower for macrophages pretreated with 1000 IU TNF ml super(-1). The rate of bacterial growth as assessed by BACTEC radiometric culture system was also reduced at this time point. Upon further extension of the infection period to 72 h, we observed that moderate doses of TNF (10-1000 IU ml super(-1)) significantly increased the number of viable M. paratuberculosis recovered whereas the highest dose of TNF (4000 IU ml super(-1)) effectively reduced bacterial numbers. These data indicate that TNF can either enhance or reduce macrophage mycobactericidal and mycobacteriostatic activity depending upon both the level of TNF to which cells are exposed and the duration of infection. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Stabel, J R AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 321 EP - 332 VL - 45 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - enteritis KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - paratuberculosis KW - macrophages KW - F 06773:Interferons KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16988062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Temporal+effects+of+tumor+necrosis+factor-a+on+intracellular+survival+of+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; macrophages; paratuberculosis; enteritis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The site and condition specific nature of sensitivity analysis AN - 16987029; 3826332 AB - Sensitivity analyses generally aim to quantify model result changes with respect to input changes. This study instead focuses on the site- and condition-specific nature of sensitivity, to demonstrate why users benefit by conducting their own sensitivity analyses as an essential step in model applications. This is demonstrated by employing the RUSLE model, which predicts average annual soil loss within a field. Sensitivity of computed soil loss to changes in selected parameters and variables is quantified under a range of sites and conditions. Input parameters representative of several common forms are varied about base values for the variety of scenarios. The scenarios include a corn/soybean rotation near Chicago, Illinois, the same scenario moved to the Atlanta, Georgia, area, and a corn/soybean/winter wheat rotation near Topeka, Kansas. Both conventional and no-till management schemes are tested at the three locations. Results show that model sensitivity may vary both with site and with management conditions being simulated. These results serve to caution users of complex computer models not to rely upon sensitivity results that were conducted under conditions other than those being simulated. A serendipitous result is the demonstration of how the form of presenting results affects user perspective of the importance of those results. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Ferreira, V A AU - Weesies, G A AU - Yoder, D C AU - Foster, G R AU - Renard, K G AD - USDA-ARS, TERRA Lab., Ft. Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 493 EP - 497 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA KW - agricultural practices KW - erosion KW - sensitivity analysis KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16987029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+site+and+condition+specific+nature+of+sensitivity+analysis&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+V+A%3BWeesies%2C+G+A%3BYoder%2C+D+C%3BFoster%2C+G+R%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sensitivity analysis; soil erosion; agricultural practices; erosion; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residue incorporation by tillage - interaction of mass and cover AN - 16987012; 3826342 AB - The majority of farm plans written to meet conservation compliance requirements include surface residue as a major source of protection against excessive soil erosion. Expected residue levels at critical periods in the crop rotation are predicted by applying residue retention factor values associated with specific tillage implements. Frequently, values for retention by fraction of mass and by fraction of cover are used interchangeably. A relationship between fraction of pretillage residue mass and fraction of pretillage residue cover retained as a function of a single area to mass residue characteristic and pretillage mass per unit area is developed in this paper. Cover and mass fraction retention values are similar only under very limited conditions. Conservationists and others designing farm plans must be aware of these differences in cover and mass fraction retention values and ensure that consistent procedures are followed in estimating the residue levels expected at critical erosive periods. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - McCool, D K AU - Stott, DE AU - Laflen, J M AU - Schertz, D L AD - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 563 EP - 567 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - conservation tillage KW - corps KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - farms KW - cultivated lands KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16987012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Residue+incorporation+by+tillage+-+interaction+of+mass+and+cover&rft.au=McCool%2C+D+K%3BStott%2C+DE%3BLaflen%2C+J+M%3BSchertz%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=McCool&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - farms; soil erosion; cultivated lands; soil conservation; agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculum potential and other VAM fungi parameters in four sugar maple forests with different levels of stand dieback AN - 16986871; 3827460 AB - The inoculum potential of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, spore abundance, and the VAM fungi colonization levels of young feeder roots in sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) were investigated in four Vermont sugar maple forest stands for which different levels of crown dieback status previously were estimated. Physical and chemical properties of soils were determined and the relationships between these properties and maple root colonization and spore abundance were investigated. Propagule densities, estimated by a greenhouse assay, ranged from 0.03 to 5.23 propagules g super(-1) dry soil among four study sites and were strongly correlated (r super(2) = 0.704, P < 0.01) with VAM fungi colonization levels in maple roots. Colonization levels ranged from 9 to 30% of root length. The VAM fungi structures most frequently observed were intracellular coiled hyphae and arbuscules; vesicles were rarely seen. Counts of VAM fungi spores in the four forest soils ranged from 118 to 217 spores g super(-1) dry soil. The most frequently occurring species at all four sites were Glomus rubiforme, and Glomus fasciculatum. The site with the greatest crown dieback had the lowest viable propagule density and the lowest VAM fungi colonization levels in maple feeder roots. However, the two sites with relatively little dieback differed markedly in their VAM status. Therefore, no clear relationship between sugar maple VAM and forest dieback was indicated. Correlation and multiple regression analyses suggested that concentration of soil potassium was the key predictor for variations observed in colonization levels and for the occurrence of arbuscules in root cortex cells. Spore abundance was correlated with concentrations of soil available and reserve phosphorus and soil pH. The difference in concentrations of soil potassium between the two sites with little dieback might explain the considerable difference in mycorrhizal formation on those sites. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Zahka, G A AU - Baggett, K L AU - Wong, B L AD - USDA For. Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 968, Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 123 EP - 134 VL - 75 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - forests KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Acer saccharum KW - fungi KW - mycorrhizas KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Inoculum+potential+and+other+VAM+fungi+parameters+in+four+sugar+maple+forests+with+different+levels+of+stand+dieback&rft.au=Zahka%2C+G+A%3BBaggett%2C+K+L%3BWong%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Zahka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer saccharum; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; forests; fungi; mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of multiple phytoplasmas in perennial fruit trees with decline symptoms in Italy AN - 16986540; 3824707 AB - Nested polymerase chain reaction assays with two universal and four phytoplasma (formerly called mycoplasmalike organism) 16S rRNA group-specific primer pairs were employed to investigate etiologies of diseases associated with pear (decline), plum (leptonecrosis), nectarine (chlorotic leaf roll), and apricot (chlorotic leaf roll and decline) fruit crops grown in northern Italy. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of phytoplasma 16S rDNA sequences amplified with various combinations of these primer pairs revealed that two to four distinct types of phytoplasmas affiliated with phytoplasma 16S rRNA group I (aster yellows phytoplasma and related strains), group III (peach X-disease and related phytoplasmas), group V (elm yellows phytoplasma and related strains), and group X (apple proliferation and related phytoplasmas) were associated with most diseases. Predominant phytoplasma strains associated with pear decline, apricot chlorotic leaf roll, and plum leptonecrosis were identified as members of group X (subgroups A and B). Phytoplasma strains associated with nectarine chlorotic leaf roll were members of group I. Minor phytoplasma strains (one or more distinct types) were also detected in each infected plant, except for those affected by apricot decline. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Vibio, M AU - Gundersen, DE AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 728 EP - 735 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - phytoplasma KW - fruit trees KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Italy KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+multiple+phytoplasmas+in+perennial+fruit+trees+with+decline+symptoms+in+Italy&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BVibio%2C+M%3BGundersen%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplasma; fruit trees; mycoplasma-like organisms; polymerase chain reaction; Italy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological relationship of Meloidogyne hapla populations to alfalfa cultivars AN - 16986021; 3828950 AB - Greenhouse and growth chamber studies were established to determine if there are pathological and physiological differences among Meloidogyne hapla populations from California (CA), Nevada (NV), Utah (UT), and Wyoming (WY) on alfalfa cultivars classified as resistant or susceptible to root-knot nematodes. In the greenhouse, plant survival was not consistent with resistance classifications. While all highly resistant Nevada Synthetic germplasm (Nev Syn XX) plants survived inoculation with all nematode populations, two cultivars classified as moderately resistant ('Chief' and 'Kingstar') survived (P less than or equal to 0.05) inoculation with M. hapla populations better than did 'Lobo' cultivar, which is classified as resistant. Plant growth of Nev Syn XX was suppressed by only the CA population, whereas growth of the other alfalfa cultivars classified as M. hapla resistant or moderately resistant was suppressed by all nematode populations. Excluding Nev Syn XX, all alfalfa cultivars were severely galled and susceptible to all nematode populations. Except for Nev Syn XX, reproduction did not differ among the nematode populations on alfalfa cultivars. Nev Syn XX was not as favorable a host to CA as were the other cultivars; but, it was a good host (reproductive factor [Rf] = 37). Temperature affected plant resistance; the UT and WY populations were more pathogenic at 15-25 C, and CA was more pathogenic at 30 C. Nev Syn XX was susceptible to all nematode populations, except for CA, at only 30 C, and all other alfalfa cultivars were susceptible to all nematode populations at all temperatures. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Griffin, G D AU - Gray, F A AD - USDA/ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 353 EP - 361 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, West KW - parasite resistance KW - Meloidogyne hapla KW - geographical variations KW - growth KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Biological+relationship+of+Meloidogyne+hapla+populations+to+alfalfa+cultivars&rft.au=Griffin%2C+G+D%3BGray%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meloidogyne hapla; Medicago sativa; USA, West; parasite resistance; growth; geographical variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of tropical biodiversity AN - 16985258; 3830185 AB - Increasing demands for products and services from tropical forests require solutions that conserve biodiversity while responding to human needs. I review various paradigms of tropical forest resiliency and fragility to focus attention on the management of biodiversity. The management of tropical biodiversity is possible within the context of land use programs that focus on ecosystem management. New ecological paradigms of tropical-forest resiliency underpin tropical-ecosystem management. They can and/or should replace paradigms that highlighted ecosystem fragility and led to the belief that tropical forests cannot be managed. To lead the way in tropical-ecosystem management, ecologists must also consider social, political, and economic factors that affect the way people relate to the biota. Ecosystem management will require use of modern technology to mitigate the negative consequences of poor development and land use practices. In spite of efforts to preserve ecosystems as they occur today, species composition of future tropical forest landscapes will be different than today's. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Lugo, A E AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-2500 Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 956 EP - 961 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - forests KW - forest management KW - species composition KW - species diversity KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16985258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Management+of+tropical+biodiversity&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; forest management; species composition; species diversity; tropical environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IS1533-based PCR assay for identification of Leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars AN - 16984994; 3822381 AB - A PCR-based assay was developed for typing L. interrogans sensu lato serovars. The assay is designed to exploit the presence of many copies of the leptospiral insertion sequence IS1533 and IS1533-like sequences present in the genomes of most leptospiral serovars. The PCR primers were designed to amplify DNA of unknown sequence between closely placed IS1533 or IS1533-like sequences. Amplification reactions primed with IS1533-based primers generated products of different sizes. When few copies of IS1533 were present in the genome, amplification of a few products was still detected. These results suggest that IS1533 elements may be found close together. Analysis of DNA amplified from different serovars showed the presence of differently sized products, thus enabling the serovars to be identified. Genetic variation among isolates within the same serovar was also demonstrated with the IS1533-based primers. Amplification reactions using DNA extracted from the urine of infected animals generated specific products which were similar to the products generated from purified bacterial DNA. These results demonstrate that this assay is selective enough to be used for typing leptospiral serovars from clinical material and thus allows leptospiral typing without isolation of the bacteria in pure culture. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Alt, D AU - Bolin, CA AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3284 EP - 3289 VL - 33 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - insertion sequence IS1533 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16984994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=IS1533-based+PCR+assay+for+identification+of+Leptospira+interrogans+sensu+lato+serovars&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BAlt%2C+D%3BBolin%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira interrogans; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of mongoose odors on rat capture success AN - 16984917; 3820925 AB - Wild rats, Rattus norvegicus, R. exulans, and R. rattus, avoided wire-cage live traps that had previously captured mongooses, Herpestes auropunctatus. Replacing traps soiled by mongooses with clean traps would increase rat capture success and reduce a source of experimental bias. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Tobin, ME AU - Engeman, R M AU - Sugihara, R T AD - Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., USDA, P.O. Box 10880, Hilo, HI 96721, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 635 EP - 639 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - mongoose KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - semiochemicals KW - Rattus rattus KW - Rattus exulans KW - avoidance behavior KW - odor KW - predation KW - predators KW - Rattus norvegicus KW - Herpestes auropunctatus KW - anti-predator behavior KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - R 18059:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16984917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+mongoose+odors+on+rat+capture+success&rft.au=Tobin%2C+ME%3BEngeman%2C+R+M%3BSugihara%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herpestes auropunctatus; Rattus norvegicus; Rattus exulans; Rattus rattus; predators; odor; semiochemicals; avoidance behavior; anti-predator behavior; predation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water research and management in semiarid environments AN - 16983670; 3825899 AB - Arid and semiarid environments cover more than one-third of the world's land surface. Sound water and soil management in these areas is crucial because those resources are particularly sensitive to climate variability and anthropogenic effects. An international symposium, Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments, was convened to focus on these issues. The goals of the symposium were to evaluate the collective knowledge of arid and semiarid hydrologic and erosion processes by reflecting upon past accomplishments, the state-of-the-science, and research trends for the 21st century. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Simanton, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 416 EP - 419 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - erosion KW - semiarid lands KW - water management KW - conferences KW - research priorities KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Water+research+and+management+in+semiarid+environments&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+D+C%3BSimanton%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - research priorities; water management; semiarid lands; conferences; hydrology; erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sediment transport capacity formulation for application to large channel networks AN - 16983587; 3826339 AB - A sediment transport capacity algorithm for estimating large scale propagation and redistribution of sediments in channel networks is proposed. The algorithm computes transport capacity by size fraction using four established sediment transport equations with modified critical shear stress to account for the equal mobility property of sediment mixtures. The algorithm was tested against a large number of measured data and produced consistent results for a wide range of flow and sediment characteristics. The broad applicability of the algorithm makes it suitable for estimation of sediment transport capacity in large channel networks with spatial variability in channel, flow, and sediment characteristics. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Kuhnle, R AU - Alonso, C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 527 EP - 529 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - networks KW - sediment transport KW - shear stress KW - channels KW - algorithms KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+sediment+transport+capacity+formulation+for+application+to+large+channel+networks&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BKuhnle%2C+R%3BAlonso%2C+C&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sediment transport; channels; algorithms; shear stress; networks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon dioxide and temperature interactions on stem extension, node initiation, and fruiting in cotton AN - 16983457; 3832676 AB - Understanding the response of agricultural crops to rising carbon dioxide concentration (CO sub(2)) and temperature is critical for modeling the effects of future climate change on crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and interactive effects of temperature and CO sub(2) on mainstem and branch expansion rates, node initiation rates, and fruiting in cotton to be used for the development of a cotton simulation model. Cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. DPL 50) were grown in plant growth chambers exposed to natural light levels with temperature and CO sub(2) as treatments. The average temperatures were 17.8, 18.7, 22.7, 26.6, and 30.6 degree C during a 70 day experimental period with CO sub(2) treatments of 350 and 700 mu l l super(-1) at each temperature. Plant height and number of mainstem nodes increased with increase in temperature and CO sub(2). A nine-fold increase was observed in number of fruiting branches with increase in temperature from 17.8 to 30.6 degree C, however, no significant differences were observed in fruiting branch number due to doubling of CO sub(2) except at 30.6 degree C. The number of days from emergence to first square was strongly influenced by temperature, and CO sub(2) had no effect on this process. The number of squares and bolls were increased at higher temperatures, and the rate of increase was greater at 700 mu l l super(-1) CO sub(2). JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Reddy, V R AU - Reddy, K R AU - Acock, B AD - USDA/ARS Systems Res. Lab., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg, 007, Rm. 008, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 17 EP - 28 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - climatic changes KW - temperature KW - air pollution KW - carbon dioxide KW - pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide+and+temperature+interactions+on+stem+extension%2C+node+initiation%2C+and+fruiting+in+cotton&rft.au=Reddy%2C+V+R%3BReddy%2C+K+R%3BAcock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; air pollution; pollution effects; temperature; agriculture; climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yields of alginates produced by fluorescent pseudomonads in batch culture AN - 16983283; 3819668 AB - Saprophytic and plant pathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads are possible sources of bacterial alginates to be used as substitutes for algal alginates for certain commercial applications. In this study, a total of 115 strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas species (P. cichorii, P. fluorescens, P. syringae and P. viridiflava) were tested for yields of alginates when grown in batch culture in proprietary liquid medium (PLM). The PLM contained either fructose or glucose (both at 5%, w/v) as the primary carbon and energy source. For comparison, selected strains were also grown in a modified Vogel and Bonner medium (MVBM) containing gluconate (5%, w/v) and formulated to support maximal alginate production by the human pathogen P. aeruginosa. After five days of incubation at 24 degree C with shaking (250-300 r.p.m.), alginates were harvested from the culture fluids by precipitation with three volumes of isopropanol. Maximum yields of alginates, based on assays for uronic acid content of precipitable material, were 5 g L super(-1) for PLM with fructose, 3 g L super(-1) for PLM with glucose and 9 g L super(-1) for MVBM. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Fett, W F AU - Wijey, C AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 412 EP - 415 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - alginic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - batch culture KW - Pseudomonas cichorii KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Yields+of+alginates+produced+by+fluorescent+pseudomonads+in+batch+culture&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F%3BWijey%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - batch culture; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas cichorii; Pseudomonas viridiflava; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing extinction risk and economic cost in wildlife conservation planning AN - 16983279; 3826270 AB - Planning regulations pursuant to the National Forest Management Act of 1976 require the USDA Forest Service to produce cost-effective, multiple-use forest plans that ensure the viability of native wildlife populations within the planning area. In accordance with these regulations, this paper presents a method for determining cost-effective conservation plans for sensitive wildlife species. The method is a decision framework for determining what forest areas should be managed as habitat to meet a population viability constraint and what areas should be used for timber production to maximize the present value of revenue from timber yields. The viability constraint is a minimum probability of meeting a standard for the risk of population extinction. This viability constraint focuses regulatory decisions on two key parameters: the standard for extinction risk and the probability of attaining the standard. The decision model is used to estimate the economic costs of these parameters. Examples for single- and multi-patch conservation problems show that the cost of habitat preservation increases as the standard for extinction risk becomes more stringent and as the required probability of attainment increases. Results from the decision model are useful for evaluating research and monitoring activities and determining the economically efficient risk standard. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Haight, R G AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 767 EP - 775 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - cost benefit analysis KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forests KW - USA KW - endangered species KW - ecosystem management KW - wildlife conservation KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Comparing+extinction+risk+and+economic+cost+in+wildlife+conservation+planning&rft.au=Haight%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Haight&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; endangered species; ecosystem management; wildlife conservation; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic, distributed simulation of watershed erosion: The KINEROS2 and EUROSEM models AN - 16982990; 3826337 AB - Two models, KINEROS2 and EUROSEM, that simulate hydrologic event erosion on small catchments as a distributed, dynamic convective transport process are described briefly. Each employs a numerical solution of the mass balance equation, and uses time distributed rainfall rates as input. The equations for convective transport of sediment are quite similar to the kinematic equation for hydrologic response of a surface or channel. The features of the models are outlined, and the areas where research is needed are indicated. An example of simulation of rainfall plot test data is shown, demonstrating the practical value of dealing with particle size distribution, and an example is given of the value of these models in developing improved slope length factors in lumped models. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Smith, R E AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Quinton, J N AD - USDA-ARS, Water Manage. AERC Foothills, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 517 EP - 520 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - rainfall rate KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Dynamic%2C+distributed+simulation+of+watershed+erosion%3A+The+KINEROS2+and+EUROSEM+models&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+E%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BQuinton%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water research and management in semiarid environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; erosion; watersheds; rainfall rate; sediment transport; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A global regulator of secondary metabolite production in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 AN - 16982455; 3819233 AB - Mutations in the apdA (for antibiotic production) gene of the plant root-colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 pleiotropically abolish the production of an array of antibiotics, including pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, as well as the production of tryptophan side chain oxidase, hydrogen cyanide, and an extracellular protease. The lack of production of secondary metabolites by ApdA super(-) mutants was correlated with the loss of inhibition of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in culture. Sequencing of the apdA region identified an open reading frame of 2,751 bp. The predicted amino acid sequence of the apdA gene contains conserved domains of the histidine kinases that serve as sensor components of prokaryotic two-component regulatory systems. The apdA nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences are strikingly similar to the sequences of lemA and repA, genes encoding putative sensor kinases that are required for the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Pseudomonas viridiflava, respectively. Introduction of the cloned apdA super(+) gene restored the wild-type phenotype to both LemA super(-) mutants of P. syringae and ApdA super(-) mutants of Pf-5. The 101-kDa ApdA protein reacted with an anti-LemA antiserum, further demonstrating the similarity of ApdA to LemA. These results show that apdA encodes a putative sensor kinase component of a classical two-component regulatory system that is required for secondary-metabolite production by P. fluorescens Pf-5. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Corbell, N AU - Loper, JE AD - Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 6230 EP - 6236 VL - 177 IS - 21 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - apdA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - secondary metabolites KW - gene regulation KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=A+global+regulator+of+secondary+metabolite+production+in+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5&rft.au=Corbell%2C+N%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Corbell&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; secondary metabolites; gene regulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake of a hydrologic tracer (bromide) by ryegrass from well and poorly-drained soils AN - 16982053; 3826304 AB - Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accumulated an average 32% of applied bromide (Br super(-)) in aboveground biomass. Bromide uptake was greater on a well-drained soil (38%) than a poorly drained soil (27%). Uptake was also affected by an interaction between season and N fertility. Bromide concentration of ryegrass was affected by interactions between soil drainage and season, and between soil drainage and N fertility. The magnitude of uptake shows Br super(-) to be quite biologically reactive in the soil root zone. The impact of interactions between common experimental variable on Br super(-) uptake makes it difficult to select settings where Br super(-) uptake will be low. Consequently, the amount and pattern of uptake among common experimental variables greatly restricts the settings in which Br super(-) is an appropriate hydrologic tracer. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Stout, W L AU - Shaffer, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Syst. and Watershed Manage. Res. Unit, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 888 EP - 892 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - soil properties KW - biomass KW - tracers KW - seasonal variations KW - drainage effects KW - bromides KW - evaluation KW - bioaccumulation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Uptake+of+a+hydrologic+tracer+%28bromide%29+by+ryegrass+from+well+and+poorly-drained+soils&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+R+R%3BStout%2C+W+L%3BShaffer%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=888&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bromides; grasses; bioaccumulation; tracers; biomass; drainage effects; seasonal variations; soil properties; evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative sensitivity of larvae of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea to intrahemocoelic injections of invertebrate and vertebrate toxins AN - 16981777; 3819480 JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Ignoffo, C M AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, 1503 S. Providence Rd., Columbia, MO 65203, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 97 EP - 98 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - venom KW - larvae KW - toxicity KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Relative+sensitivity+of+larvae+of+Helicoverpa+%28Heliothis%29+zea+to+intrahemocoelic+injections+of+invertebrate+and+vertebrate+toxins&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; toxicity; larvae; venom; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthropod prey of nestling red-cockaded woodpeckers in the upper coastal plain of South Carolina AN - 16981505; 3826223 AB - Four nest cavities of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) were monitored with automatic cameras to determine the prey selected to feed nestlings. Twelve adults were photographed making nearly 3000 nest visits. Prey in 28 arthropod taxa were recognizable in 65% of the photographic slides. Wood roaches in the genus (Parcoblatta) made up 69.4% of the prey fed to nestlings. Other common prey items were wood borer larvae (Cerambycidae or Buprestidae, 5.4%), Lepidoptera larvae (4.5%), spiders (Araneae, 3.6%), and ants (Formicidae, 3.1%). Wood roaches were the only prey items consistently taken by all four groups of birds; they made up 63.3 to 81.6% of the prey observed. Other common prey generally were taken in large numbers only by a single group of woodpeckers. During the breeding season these woodpeckers utilize relatively few common arthropods to feed nestlings. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Hanula, J L AU - Franzreb, KE AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 485 EP - 495 VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - food selection KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Picoides borealis KW - brood care KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Arthropod+prey+of+nestling+red-cockaded+woodpeckers+in+the+upper+coastal+plain+of+South+Carolina&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BFranzreb%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; USA, South Carolina; brood care; food selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of metalaxyl-insensitive Phytophthora infestants on Solanum sarachoides in northwestern Washington AN - 16980997; 3827072 AB - An important potato production area of northwestern Washington was surveyed during 1994 for the occurrence of late blight on cultivated and noncultivated host plants. Special attention was directed to solanaceous weed species growing within and around fields of blighted potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plants of Solanum sarachoides Sendtner ex. Mart (hairy nightshade) with numerous leaf lesions and moderate defoliation were collected from one location within the border of an adjoining pea (Pisum sativum L.) field. Typical lesions contained extensive, white, superficial mycelia colonizing abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. When samples were placed in a moist chamber to induce sporulation, lemon-shaped sporangia developed. On the basis of morphological characteristics of the sporangial stage, the fungus was tentatively identified as Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Representative isolates were obtained by surface-disinfecting leaf sections for 2 to 3 min in 0.5% NaOCl solution and plating the sections on rye grain medium amended with antibiotics (100 ppm each of penicillin G, pimaricin, and polymyxin). Phytophthora infestans was confirmed after reisolation onto rye-lima bean medium. With randomly selected fungal isolates obtained from S. sarachoides, Koch's postulates were completed on S. sarachoides and cultivars of potato and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). When evaluated for race and sexual composition on differential hosts, all isolates were tomato race 1 (T1), complex potato race R1,R2,R3,R4,R7,R10, and A super(1) compatibility type. Radial growth responses of these strains on rye grain agar amended with 1, 10, or 100 mu g metalaxyl (Ridomil 2E) per ml yielded ED sub(50) values greater than 100 mu g per ml, since percent growth at the highest fungicide concentration exceeded 50%. These resistance levels are typical of the metalaxyl-insensitive strains of P. infestans isolated from potato hosts in this area in recent years, and were previously found to correlate with metalaxyl resistance in bioassays using potato tissues. This is the first report of infection of S. sarachoides by P. infestans in the Pacific Northwest, in association with late blight of potato. The epidemiological significance of S. sarachoides as an alternative or overwintering host of P. infestans is currently being assessed. The pathogen was previously isolated from this same host during field surveys in southern California in the early 1980s, in connection with late blight of tomato. The majority of these isolates were tomato race 1 (TI) and A super(1) mating type, although neither metalaxyl response nor potato race designations were determined. JF - Plant Disease AU - Deahl, K L AU - Inglis, DA AD - USDA/ARS, PSI, Veg. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 540 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - metalaxyl KW - Solanum sarachoides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - USA, Washington KW - blight KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - late blight KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16980997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+metalaxyl-insensitive+Phytophthora+infestants+on+Solanum+sarachoides+in+northwestern+Washington&rft.au=Deahl%2C+K+L%3BInglis%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora infestans; Lycopersicon esculentum; USA, Washington; blight; late blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myclobutanil as a curative agent for Chrysanthemum white rust AN - 16980926; 3827082 AB - In response to a recent outbreak of Chrysanthemum white rust, caused by Puccinia horiana, in California, research was conducted to test the fungicide myclobutanil for its effectiveness as a foliar chemical control for the disease. Myclobutanil applied 5 days after exposure of susceptible plants to sporidial inoculum had extremely strong curative properties and usually prevented disease development in either inoculated plants or cuttings obtained from presymptomatic infected mother plants. Even though lesions with pustules developed on inoculated plants when they were sprayed with the fungicide at 10, 15, or 20 days after sporidial inoculation, the pathogen produced few sporidia in an otherwise conducive environment. Myclobutanil at 100 mg a.i./liter, however, was not highly effective for preventing infection when sprayed onto plants 5 days before inoculation, although it did reduce disease incidence. The data indicate that myclobutanil (100 mg a.i./liter) used as a dip treatment for chrysanthemum cuttings prior to planting is suitable as a regulatory treatment for exclusion and eradication of Chrysanthemum white rust. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bonde, M R AU - Peterson, G L AU - Rizvi, SA AU - Smilanick, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res., Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 500 EP - 505 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - myclobutanil KW - Puccinia horiana KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - white rust KW - fungicides KW - USA, California KW - rust KW - Chrysanthemum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16980926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Myclobutanil+as+a+curative+agent+for+Chrysanthemum+white+rust&rft.au=Bonde%2C+M+R%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BRizvi%2C+SA%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bonde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysanthemum; USA, California; white rust; rust; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogenous air pollutants in a mixed conifer stand of the western Sierra Nevada, California AN - 16980523; 3827319 AB - Nitrogenous (N) air pollutants were monitored during three summer seasons (1988-1990) in a mixed coniferous stand at Whitaker Forest in the western Sierra Nevada, California. In comparison with other forest locations, the recorded levels of nitric acid (HNO sub(3)) vapor were elevated: seasonal 12 h daytime averages of 1.11-1.97 mu g m super(-3); highest values of 12 h daily averages reached 4.15 mu g m super(-3). Similarly, the concentrations of ammonia (NH sub(3)) were high: seasonal 12 h daytime averages of 1.11-1.56 mu g m super(-3); highest values of 12 h daily averages reached 3.75 mu g m super(-3). Also the concentrations of nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)) and ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+)) in fine particulate fractions were higher than in the other remote mountain locations in North America. When expressed on a molar basis, NH sub(3) was the most abundant N air pollutant and represented almost 50% of the total N. NO sub(3) super(-) and NH sub(4) super(+) deposition fluxes to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) branches during the three summer seasons ranged from 5.93 to 30.75 and from 1.46 to 5.95 mu g m super(-2) h super(-1), respectively. During the 1990 summer season, NO sub(3) super(-) and NH sub(4) super(+) washed from branch surfaces provided 24.2 and 19.7 g N ha super(-1) per month, respectively; estimated foliar internal uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO sub(2)) and HNO sub(3) vapor 24.2 g N ha super(-1) per month; and the estimated internal uptake of NH sub(3) 47.2 g N ha super(-1) per month. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Riechers, G AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1369 EP - 1377 VL - 29 IS - 12 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, California, Sierra Nevada KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - pollution effects KW - seasonal variations KW - Pinus KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16980523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Nitrogenous+air+pollutants+in+a+mixed+conifer+stand+of+the+western+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BRiechers%2C+G&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus; seasonal variations; air pollution; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of charcoal air filtration and ozone generation on concentrations of some N and S compounds in open-top field chambers AN - 16979093; 3827315 AB - Concentrations of nitric acid (HNO sub(3)), nitrous acid (HNO sub(2)), ammonia (NH sub(3)), sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)), as well as particulate nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)), sulfate (SO sub(4) super(2-)), and ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+)) were determined with annular denuder systems in open-top chambers (charcoal-filtered [CF]; ambient air [AA]; and ambient air with ozone [O sub(3)] added [2 x O sub(3)]) and the outside chamberless plot. Concentrations of HNO sub(3) were the highest in the outside plot, followed by the 2 x O sub(3), AA, and the CF chambers. Substantial increases of HNO sub(2) were noticed in the CF chambers compared with other chambers and the outside plot. No changes in concentrations of NH sub(3) were recorded for the studied filtration regimes. As expected, concentrations of SO sub(2) were drastically reduced for the CF treatment. No clear effects of air filtration on concentrations of the particulate pollutants were determined. Possible consequences of the observed chemical changes of the open-top chambers' environment on plants are discussed. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Tran, M AU - Anderson, P AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1355 EP - 1358 VL - 29 IS - 12 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - laboratory methods KW - plants KW - pollution effects KW - air pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Effects+of+charcoal+air+filtration+and+ozone+generation+on+concentrations+of+some+N+and+S+compounds+in+open-top+field+chambers&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BTran%2C+M%3BAnderson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; laboratory methods; pollution effects; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and assembly of 11S globulins AN - 16978327; 3819311 AB - The 11S globulins are seed proteins found in many grain legumes. After synthesis on endoplasmic reticulum, the globulins are assembled during a series of steps that involve post-translational events and transport of precursors through several intracellular compartments. As an aid in dissecting this process, an in vitro synthesis and assembly system was developed that results in the formation of trimers equivalent in size to oligomers found in endoplasmic reticulum. Assembly of proglycinin trimers in vitro is dependent upon ATP. This observation, together with other evidence, is consistent with the hypothesis that molecular chaperones are involved in the assembly of proglobulin trimers. The 11S proglobulin subunits in trimers are cleaved post-translationally at an ASN-GLY bond that has been conserved during evolution. Evidence from studies carried out both in vivo and in vitro establish that cleavage of this bond is prerequisite for further assembly of trimers into hexamers. Proteolytic activity has been detected in developing seeds that is capable of cleaving the conserved ASN-GLY. The preponderance of this proteolytic activity in developing seeds is due to glycosylated proteins (Scott et al., 1992), although a small amount of the total activity appears associated with a non-glycosylated peptide. To study the specificity of the proteases that are glycosylated, mutant proglobulin subunits or peptides were constructed in which amino acids around the conserved ASN-GLY bond were modified, and then the modified subunits were assembled into trimers and subjected to proteolysis. Deletion of the asparagine on the P1 side of the cleaved peptide bond, or substitution of aspartate or glutamine for the asparagine, eliminated cleavage of the subunit precursor. Conservative changes of the amino acids on the COOH-terminal side of the cleavage site (P1' to P7' positions) seemed not to hinder cleavage of proglobulin into mature acidic and basic polypeptides. In contrast to the normal proglycinin subunits found in trimers, unmodified monomers, unfolded or misfolded normal 11S proglobulins, fusions of legumin polypeptides with CAT, and several high methionine mutants of proglycinin, are cleaved into small peptide fragments by the purified, glycosylated protease. Our results demonstrate that cleavage sites other than the conserved ASN-GLY bond found in unmodified proglobulin subunits are inaccessible to the protease when they are contained in trimers. JF - Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Nielsen, N C AU - Jung, R AU - Nam, Y-W AU - Beaman, T W AU - Oliveira, LO AU - Bassuener, R AD - Crop Prod. and Pathol. Res., USDA/ARS, and Dep. Agron., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 641 EP - 647 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0176-1617, 0176-1617 KW - 11S globulins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - assembly KW - seeds KW - Vicia faba KW - synthesis KW - proteolysis KW - Glycine max KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+assembly+of+11S+globulins&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+N+C%3BJung%2C+R%3BNam%2C+Y-W%3BBeaman%2C+T+W%3BOliveira%2C+LO%3BBassuener%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=01761617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - assembly; seeds; proteolysis; synthesis; Vicia faba; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and other sequelae of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis AN - 16978242; 3821310 AB - The most frequently identified cause of gastroenteritis in developed countries is Campylobacter jejuni. In the United States, dairy products are the food sources commonly associated with outbreaks; however, most cases of C. jejuni gastroenteritis are sporadic, with poultry as the major source. Diarrhea, malaise, fever, and abdominal pain are the usual symptoms of C. jejuni enteritis. Lasting only a few days, the illness is generally self-limiting; however, some cases may be more severe. Although several virulence factors have been identified in C. jejuni, their role in disease is currently unclear. C. jejuni has been linked to the acquisition of certain forms of sterile arthritides such as reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome and to acute generalized paralytic diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, Miller-Fisher syndrome, and Chinese paralytic syndrome. In addition, C. jejuni may induce disease affecting the nervous system, circulatory system, and various organs, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Illnesses associated with C. jejuni have been estimated to cost the citizens of the United States several billion dollars annually. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, 600 E. Mermaid LN, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1153 EP - 1170 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - enteritis KW - Guillain-Barre syndrome KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - arthritis KW - man KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Arthritis%2C+Guillain-Barre+syndrome%2C+and+other+sequelae+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+enteritis&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; arthritis; Guillain-Barre syndrome; enteritis; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative pathogenicity of isolates of Sclerotinia trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum on alfalfa cultivars AN - 16978166; 3827065 AB - Eight cultivars and one experimental population of alfalfa were artificially inoculated with five isolates each of Sclerotinia trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum. Isolates of both species originated from different forage legume hosts and geographic areas in the United States. Inoculations were performed by dusting dried and comminuted mixtures of infested wheat and oat grain over foliage of 4-wk-old plants. Plants were maintained at 17-20 C with intermittent atmospheric saturation for 24 days after which plant survival was evaluated. Isolates of both Sclerotinia species differed significantly (P < 0.01) in virulence. Alfalfa cultivars differed significantly (P = 0.02) in susceptibility, and responses of cultivars to the two species were generally similar. Florida 77 was the most susceptible of the eight cultivars to both Sclerotinia species, and 5472 was the least susceptible. An experimental population (STR), previously selected from cultivar Delta for resistance to S. trifoliorum, expressed the least susceptibility to both Sclerotinia spp. Cultivar x isolate interactions were not significant for S. sclerotiorum but were significant (P < 0.01) for S. trifoliorum. These interactions appeared to be caused by differences in virulence of isolates and did not suggest the occurrence of pathogenic races. Significant (P < 0.01) experiment x cultivar and experiment x isolate interactions also occurred for both species; possible causes are discussed. Results indicate that responses of these alfalfa cultivars to S. trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum are generally similar that selection for resistance to S. trifoliorum in alfalfa my also confer resistance to S. sclerotiorum, that no evidence for different pathogenic races was detected among the isolates, and that host of origin is not an important determinant for the virulence of Sclerotinia isolates on alfalfa. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pratt, R G AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA/ARS, Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 474 EP - 477 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - USA KW - legumes KW - Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KW - Medicago sativa KW - Sclerotinia trifoliorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Comparative+pathogenicity+of+isolates+of+Sclerotinia+trifoliorum+and+S.+sclerotiorum+on+alfalfa+cultivars&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+G%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotinia trifoliorum; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Medicago sativa; USA; legumes; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid-catalyzed partial hydrolysis of carbohydrate groups of the potato glycoalkaloid alpha -chaconine in alcoholic solutions AN - 16977777; 3822243 AB - As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant-derived foods, the role of the carbohydrate side chain has been explored in biological effects of potato glycoalkaloids such as alpha -chaconine. This steroid glycoalkaloid has a trisaccharide attached to the 3-hydroxy position of the steroidal aglycon solanidine. This study attempts to define the effect of structurally different alcohols on the partial hydrolysis of alpha -chaconine to beta sub(1)-chaconine, beta sub(2)-chaconine, gamma -chaconine, and solanidine. Partial hydrolyses were carried out in 97.5% alcohol-0.25 N HCl at 60 degree C. HPLC was used to measure the distribution of hydrolysis products as a function of time. The rate of hydrolysis of alpha -chaconine in the straight-chain alcohol solutions was as follows: methanol > ethanol = 1-butanol > propanol > pentanol >> water. The longer the chain, the slower the rate of hydrolysis except for the anomalous result that the extent of hydrolysis in 1-butanol was equal to that in ethanol. However, hydrolysis in 2-butanol was slower than in 1-butanol. Surprisingly, hydrolysis in tert-butyl alcohol was slowest, proceeding more slowly than even in 1-pentanol. The formation of gamma -chaconine was also greatly reduced in tert-butyl alcohol. Mechanistic rationalizations are offered to explain the observed trends in terms of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic nature of the glycoalkaloids and the solvation properties of the alcohols. The results should be generally useful for optimizing or minimizing the formation of specific hydrolysis products. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Friedman, M AU - McDonald, G M AD - Food Saf. and Health Res. Unit, West. Reg. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1501 EP - 1506 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alpha -chaconine KW - alcohols KW - glycoalkaloids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - food KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - hydrolysis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16977777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Acid-catalyzed+partial+hydrolysis+of+carbohydrate+groups+of+the+potato+glycoalkaloid+alpha+-chaconine+in+alcoholic+solutions&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BMcDonald%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; hydrolysis; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 1. Lot distributions AN - 16976596; 3822240 AB - A nonparametric relation is derived between the discrete probability distribution {P sub(i), c sub(i)} , assumed for toxin concentration c in individual members of a population, and the probability distribution {P sub(i)(n)} of the toxin concentration in n-member samples taken from that population. Here p sub(i) is the probability of an individual member having toxin concentration c sub(i), while P sub(i)(n) is the probability of n-sample exhibiting toxin concentration falling in range i of C. An information theoretic basis is given for the number J of indices i required for {P sub(i)(n)} . The same number of indices is used for Poisson statistics. Conversely, it is shown how {p sub(i), c sub(i)} may be derived from empirical {P sub(i)(n)} data when the np sub(i) are small, as is commonly the case for aflatoxin contamination of tree nuts. As a first approximation one obtains p sub(i) = P sub(i)(n)/n and c sub(i) = n * C sub(i), where C sub(i) is the midpoint of range i of C. Higher approximations are evaluated as well. A basis is thus laid for computing {P sub(i)(n)} for a sample size differing from that of the sample actually determined. The results are applied to predicting the probability of a sample of any size exceeding a predetermined level C sub(a). JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AD - West. Reg. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1561 EP - 1565 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Pistacia vera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - food KW - nuts KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16976596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+aflatoxin+in+pistachios.+1.+Lot+distributions&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aflatoxins; food; nuts; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of agricultural drainage on water quality in humid portion of Pacific Northwest AN - 16976351; 3828445 AB - Agricultural drainage first began in Washington State around 1830 and in Oregon around 1840. The first efforts to drain soils for agricultural use began by constructing shallow ditches spaced 18-20 m apart to remove excess surface waters from croplands. Farming of poorly drained soils was done by these systems of beds until the 1930s. These beds interfered with the use of modern machinery and in the 1930s the establishment of beds was diminishing in favor of subsurface tile systems. Between 1930 and 1980 there was a substantial increase in subsurface-tile-drainage activity, which peaked during the 1960s. Since 1985, installations of subsurface and surface drainage have gradually diminished, and construction of drainage systems has been limited to replacement of failed or deteriorated systems. By reducing saturated soil conditions through subsurface drainage, surface-water quality has benefited by reductions of nutrients and pesticides associated with surface runoff. With the increase of agricultural (dairy) waste applications to cropland, additional research is needed to quantify the impacts of subsurface drainage on ground- and surface-water quality. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Backlund, V L AU - Ross, E A AU - Willey, PH AU - Spofford, T L AU - Renner, D M AD - USDA, Soil Conserv. Serv., West Nat. Tech. Cent., Portland, OR 97209, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 289 EP - 291 VL - 121 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - agricultural drainage KW - agricultural pollution KW - drainage effects KW - environmental impact KW - history KW - humid areas KW - subsurface drainage KW - tile drains KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - surface water KW - Freshwater KW - agricultural runoff KW - drainage water KW - water quality control KW - water pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16976351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Effect+of+agricultural+drainage+on+water+quality+in+humid+portion+of+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Backlund%2C+V+L%3BRoss%2C+E+A%3BWilley%2C+PH%3BSpofford%2C+T+L%3BRenner%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Backlund&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; water quality; agricultural runoff; environmental impact; surface water; drainage water; water quality control; water pollution; history; subsurface drainage; tile drains; drainage effects; humid areas; USA, Pacific Northwest; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rehabilitation of watersheds with incising channels AN - 16975250; 3821919 AB - Channel incision is a pervasive problem that threatens infrastructure, destroys arable land, and degrades environmental resources. A program initiated in 1983 is developing technology for rehabilitation of watersheds with erosion and sedimentation problems caused by incision. Demonstration projects are located in 15 watersheds in the hills of northwest Mississippi. Watershed sizes range from 0.89 to 1,590 km super(2), and measured suspended sediment yields average about 1,100 t km super(-2)-yr super(-1). Water quality is generally adequate to support aquatic organisms, but physical habitat conditions are poor. Rehabilitation measures, which are selected and laid out using a subjective integration of hydraulic and geotechnical stability analyses, include grade controls, bank protection, and small reservoirs. Aquatic habitat studies indicate that stone-protected stilling basins below grade-control weirs and habitats associated with drop pipes and stone spur dikes are assets to erosion-damaged streams. Additional recovery of habitat resources using modified stone stabilization designs, woody vegetation plantings, and reservoir outlets designed to provide non-zero minimum flows is under investigation. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Knight, S S AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sediment. Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 971 EP - 982 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - catchment area KW - catchments KW - channeling KW - environmental degradation KW - erosion control KW - river banks KW - river basin management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - soil conservation KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - USA, Mississippi KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16975250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Rehabilitation+of+watersheds+with+incising+channels&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - river banks; erosion control; sedimentation; river basin management; catchment area; soil conservation; channels; watersheds; catchments; environmental degradation; channeling; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a continuous lactulose process: Separation and purification AN - 16972655; 3814631 AB - We developed a continuous pilot plant process to produce lactulose from lactose using boric acid to boost the conversion to about 75%. The process consists of three reactors (two continuous stirred tank reactors followed by a tubular reactor), pH adjustment, a crystallizer-filter-evaporator recycle initial separation section, and a chromatographic purification system to produce lactulose containing less than 1-5 ppm of boric acid. The continuous process operates at 0.53 kg/min (20% solids) through the reactors and about 0.3 kg/min (55% solids) out of the initial separation section. The chromatographic separation is at the prep scale with a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The final product is a 55% solids syrup containing no detectable boric acid. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Kozempel, M F AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Craig, JC Jr AU - Hicks, K B AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Serv., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 592 EP - 595 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - boric acid KW - disaccharides KW - lactose KW - lactulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - pH KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33390:Products: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16972655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+continuous+lactulose+process%3A+Separation+and+purification&rft.au=Kozempel%2C+M+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr%3BHicks%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Kozempel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for salinomycin in chicken liver tissue AN - 16972345; 3821235 AB - Salinomycin is one of the most widely used coccidiostats in U.S. agriculture. A rapid and accurate analytical method for this drug should provide procedures and users with an effective management tool. The current chromatographic methods are sensitive but are labor-intensive. In addition, they require large amounts of expensive organic solvents for extraction and cleanup, which requires proper (and expensive) disposal. This paper reports the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled to a simple aqueous extraction procedure for the analysis of salinomycin in chicken liver tissue. Recovery from spiked liver homogenates was quantitative in the range from 5.0 to 0.05 ppm. Analysis of chicken livers containing incurred residue by ELISA and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the results to be highly correlated (p < 0.0001). The ELISA method described here has a limit of quantitation of 50 ppb, which is more sensitive than the HPLC method. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Muldoon, M T AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Beier, R C AU - Stanker, L H AD - Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845-9594, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1745 EP - 1750 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - salinomycin KW - chickens KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16972345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+monoclonal+antibody-based+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+salinomycin+in+chicken+liver+tissue&rft.au=Muldoon%2C+M+T%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BBeier%2C+R+C%3BStanker%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Muldoon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; monoclonal antibodies; liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 2. Distribution in freshly harvested pistachios AN - 16972099; 3822264 AB - The aflatoxin sample probability distribution {P sub(i)(n)} (fraction of samples exhibiting aflatoxin concentrations in ranges of log C) for field-run and for finished pistachios was calculated for several crop years since 1980, using orchard, survey, and certification data from assorted sources. Sample size n was 100 nuts for one year, 3200 nuts for the remainder. The [single-nut] crop probability distributions {p sub(i), c sub(i)} were derived using the methods described in Schatzki (J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 1561), where p sub(i) is the probability of a single nut having concentration c sub(i). The {p sub(i), c sub(i)} distributions of field-run material were found to be consistent, but with some evidence of a decrease at the highest aflatoxin concentrations during 1981-1991. As a result, the average aflatoxin concentration in U.S. crops appears to have decreased from about 10 to 1.5 ng/g in that period. In finished pistachios the predicted {p sub(i)} distribution of contaminated nuts was found to be 2-4-fold lower in the crop years for which both field-run and finished data were available, suggesting that sorting for quality removes a large part of the aflatoxin present at harvest. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Schatzkia, T F AD - West. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1566 EP - 1569 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Pistacia vera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nuts KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16972099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+aflatoxin+in+pistachios.+2.+Distribution+in+freshly+harvested+pistachios&rft.au=Schatzkia%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Schatzkia&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aflatoxins; mycotoxins; nuts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on corn lines resistant to an aflatoxin-producing fungus AN - 16972093; 3822176 AB - Susceptibility to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, of corn lines bred for their resistance to the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries was determined in the laboratory. Duration of maize weevil development, number of progeny produced, and an index of susceptibility varied with corn line; number of eggs laid and survivorship from egg to adult emergence did not vary with corn line. Soluble carbohydrate, kernel hardness, lipid, soluble nitrogen, free and bound phenolic acids, Kjeldahl protein, and protein/carbohydrate ratio varied with corn line: equilibrium moisture content did not vary with corn line. The only relationship between biological parameters of maize weevils and chemical and physical properties of the stored corn that was predictable was that maize weevil development time increased as lipid content of the corn increased. Susceptibility to A. flavus infection in the field was not correlated with susceptibility to maize weevil population growth or with chemical or physical properties of the stored corn. Predicted weevil population growth over a 180-d period varied 50-fold among the corn lines. Some of the corn lines that are less susceptible to infection by A. flavus in the field were also less susceptible to maize weevils (particularly Mp420 and SC54). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Throne, JE AU - Baker, JE AU - Scott, GE AD - U.S. Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 Coll. Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 944 EP - 949 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - development KW - pest resistance KW - fungi KW - Zea mays KW - Coleoptera KW - aflatoxins KW - Curculionidae KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16972093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Development+of+maize+weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+on+corn+lines+resistant+to+an+aflatoxin-producing+fungus&rft.au=Throne%2C+JE%3BBaker%2C+JE%3BScott%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Throne&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=944&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Aspergillus flavus; development; aflatoxins; fungi; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - alpha -Tomatine content in tomato and tomato products determined by HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection AN - 16971688; 3822242 AB - Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloid alpha -tomatine, possibly as a defense against insects and other pests. As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, the usefulness of a new HPLC pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) method for the direct analysis of alpha -tomatine in different parts of the tomato plant; in store-bought and field-grown, including transgenic, tomatoes; in a variety of commercial and home-processed tomato products; and in eggplant and tomatillos was evaluated. The method was found to be useful for analysis of a variety of products including high-tomatine calyxes, flowers, leaves, roots, and stems of the tomato plant (14-130 mg/100 g of fresh weight), low-tomatine red tomatoes (0.03-0.08 mg/100 g), intermediate-tomatine tomatoes (0.1-0.8 mg/100 g), and high-tomatine fresh and processed green, including pickled and fried, tomatoes (0.9-55 mg/100 g). No experimental difficulties were encountered with extraction and analysis of tomatine in complex foods such as tomato juice, ketchup, salsa, sauce, and sun-dried tomatoes. Microwaving and frying did not significantly affect tomatine levels of tomato foods. The tomatine content of fresh market and transgenic delayed-ripening varieties was not different from the range ordinarily seen in tomato. The possible usefulness of the findings to plant science, food safety, and human health is discussed. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Friedman, M AU - Levin, CE AD - Food Saf. and Health Res., Unit, West. Reg. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1507 EP - 1511 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alpha -tomatine KW - tomatoes KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - food KW - vegetables KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=alpha+-Tomatine+content+in+tomato+and+tomato+products+determined+by+HPLC+with+pulsed+amperometric+detection&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BLevin%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; high-performance liquid chromatography; vegetables; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeabilized Streptococcus thermophilus in the preparation of low-lactose milk AN - 16971366; 3819694 AB - Several compounds with detergent activity were used to permeabilize Streptococcus thermophilus and allow a high level expression of intracellular beta -galactosidase. Treatment with SDS, Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate and oxgall suppressed cell growth for several hours, which permitted the use of permeabilized S. thermophilus biomass in milk without concomitant production of lactic acid. The addition of cell preparations directly or entrapped in an agarose-gel support resulted in up to 90% or higher reduction of lactose content in milk. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Steinberg, D H AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 23 EP - 29 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - beta -galactosidase KW - lactose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - detergents KW - milk KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - permeability KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Permeabilized+Streptococcus+thermophilus+in+the+preparation+of+low-lactose+milk&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus; permeability; milk; detergents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of polygalacturonase and the formation of oxalic acid by pectin in brown-rot fungi AN - 16970275; 3813576 AB - Extracellular polygalacturonase (PG) production was estimated in vitro, using liquid cultures of three species of brown-rot decay fungi (Postia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Serpula incrassata), by cup-plate assay, assay of reducing sugars, and decrease in viscosity. Although all three experimental assays demonstrated that PG was induced by pectin in all three fungi, decrease in viscosity gave the best correlation with decay capacity in soil block tests. PG activity, determined as an increase in reducing sugar activity, was greatest in G. trabeum and weakest in S. incrassata. The optimum pH for PG activity was between pH 2.5 and 4.5. Oxalic acid production was also enhanced by pectin and functioned synergistically with PG activity. We conclude that these fungi produce PG that is best induced by pectin and that PG activity exceeds production of xylanase and endoglucanase activity in vitro. Polygalacturonase is likely to act synergistically with oxalic acid to solubilize and hydrolyse the pectin in pit membranes and middle lamellae. Thus, production of PG and oxalic acid should facilitate early spread of hyphae and enhance the lateral flow of wood-decay enzymes and agents into adjacent tracheids and the wood cell wall, thus initiating the diffuse decay caused by brown-rot fungi. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Green, F III AU - Clausen, CA AU - Kuster, T A AU - Highley, T L AD - USDA For. Serv. For. Prod. Lab., 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 519 EP - 524 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - polygalacturonase KW - oxalic acid KW - pectin KW - Postia placenta KW - Serpula incrassata KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Gloeophyllum trabeum KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+polygalacturonase+and+the+formation+of+oxalic+acid+by+pectin+in+brown-rot+fungi&rft.au=Green%2C+F+III%3BClausen%2C+CA%3BKuster%2C+T+A%3BHighley%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gloeophyllum trabeum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of intestinal spirochaetes for NADH oxidase by gene probe and by enzyme assay AN - 16969818; 3819107 AB - NADH oxidase activity has been found in a number of host-associated bacterial species by previous investigators. NADH oxidase may play an essential role in the colonisation of the mammalian intestinal tract by diverse bacterial species. In this study, 45 strains of intestinal spirochaetes were screened for NADH oxidase by enzyme assay and by using an oligodeoxynucleotide probe (5'-ATGAAAGT(TA)AT(TA)AT(TA)GG-3') complementary to the 5'-end of the NADH oxidase (nox) gene from Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae B204. The stratus surveyed included 18 strains S. hyodysenteriae, S. innocens strains B256 and 4/71, Treponema succinifaciens 6091, T. bryantii RUS-1, and 23 strains of uncharacterised (unclassified) intestinal spirochaetes. The uncharacterised spirochaetes had been isolated from the intestinal contents of different animal hosts (human, swine, avian, nutria). NADH oxidase was absent from T. succinifaciens and T. bryantii, but was present in every strain of S. hyodysenteriae, in the two recognised strains of S. innocens, and in every uncharacterised strain of intestinal spirochaete. Cells of four strains contained NADH oxidase activity but their DNA did not react with the probe. NADH oxidase is a common enzyme for the intestinal spirochaetes included in this survey. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Stanton, T B AU - Hanzelka, B L AU - Jensen, N S AD - Nat. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 93 EP - 100 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - NADH oxidase KW - Serpulina innocens KW - oligonucleotides KW - spirochaetes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immunoassays KW - intestine KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - probes KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Survey+of+intestinal+spirochaetes+for+NADH+oxidase+by+gene+probe+and+by+enzyme+assay&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BHanzelka%2C+B+L%3BJensen%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunoassays; intestine; probes; Serpulina hyodysenteriae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of foot and mouth disease virus RNA in tissue culture infected cells via in situ polymerase chain reaction AN - 16969526; 3813365 AB - Foot and mouth disease virus RNA was visualized in infected primary tissue culture cells by in situ PCR incorporating digoxigenin-labeled dUTP. The viral RNA polymerase gene was used as a target for amplification. Infected cells revealed cytoplasmic staining, predominantly perinuclear. The intensity of staining was in proportion to the degree of cytopathology observed and similar to the results obtained using immunoperoxidase staining. The in situ PCR technique for FMDV detection could be applied to formalin-fixed samples and be useful for the study of persistent infections. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Murphy, MLP AU - Rodriguez, M AU - Schudel, AA AU - Meyer, R F AD - USDA, VS, APHIS, FADDL, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 173 EP - 178 VL - 54 IS - 2-3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - cell culture KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - RNA KW - cytopathology KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Localization+of+foot+and+mouth+disease+virus+RNA+in+tissue+culture+infected+cells+via+in+situ+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Murphy%2C+MLP%3BRodriguez%2C+M%3BSchudel%2C+AA%3BMeyer%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=MLP&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; nucleotide sequence; RNA; cytopathology; foot-and-mouth disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formulating atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus for field release AN - 16969324; 3821163 AB - A procedure was developed to encapsulate mycelia of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus in alginate pellets for seeding into agricultural fields in order to reduce aflatoxin contamination via competitive exclusion. Kaolin, a clay filler commonly employed in alginate formulations, was detrimental to pellet performance as measured by spore yield. Corn cob grits, a by-product of the corn industry, was found to be an excellent replacement for kaolin. Of nine nutritive adjuvants tested, wheat gluten improved pellet performance the most, although gluten concentrations above 5% were difficult to process. The best formulation tested consisted of 1% sodium alginate, 5% corn cob grits and 5% wheat gluten. On a 'per gram' basis, this alginate formulation yielded more spores than either A. flavus sclerotia or colonized wheat seed. Pesticides were also tested as adjuvants with potential use for protecting pellets under field conditions. Only one (chloramphenicol) of four tested pesticides (the others were dichloran, rose Bengal and cyfluthrin) reduced pellet sporulation. Formulations with or without pesticide adjuvants retained similar spore yield potential during a 2-year storage at 8 degree C. However, spore production in stored products lagged behind that of fresh products. At 75% relative humidity (RH), pellet storage stability decreased with increasing temperature from 27 to 42 degree C. Pellet spore yield at 32 degree C decreased as RH decreased from 100 to 90%. Sporulation occurred at 90% RH but not at 88% RH. Spore yield varied widely in four field tests, and the cumulative spore yield was inversely correlated (r super(2) = -0.798, P < 0.01) with rainfall. The results suggest that alginate pellets may be effective formulations for delivery of atoxigenic A. flavus strains to furrow-irrigated cotton in desert environments, where aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed is most severe. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Daigle, D J AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 175 EP - 184 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - aflatoxin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - stored products KW - formulations KW - relative humidity KW - sporulation KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - stability KW - pesticides KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Formulating+atoxigenic+Aspergillus+flavus+for+field+release&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - stored products; sporulation; relative humidity; formulations; stability; pesticides; Aspergillus flavus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonradioactive colony lift-hybridization assay for detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in swine AN - 16969109; 3813310 AB - Current methods for the isolation and identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica from clinical samples are time-consuming and are based, in part, on subjective observations. We describe the use of a Bordetella-specific DNA probe in a nonradioactive colony lift-hybridization assay for the identification of B. bronchiseptica. Eleven of 82 clinical specimens were found to contain B. bronchiseptica by this method, while only 5 of these were reported to contain the organism when the specimens were analyzed by traditional methods. The chromosomal fragment containing a sequence complementary to the probe appeared to be conserved in B. bronchiseptica isolates from swine from a variety of sources. The assay is more rapid than culture and biochemical testing since it can be performed directly on primary culture plates, even when they are heavily contaminated with other bacterial species. Only minimal training is required to accomplish the assay successfully, and the results are easy to interpret. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Register, K B AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Dyer, D W AD - USDA/ARS/MWA, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2675 EP - 2678 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - hybridization analysis KW - colonies KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nonradioactive+colony+lift-hybridization+assay+for+detection+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+infection+in+swine&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BDyer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; colonies; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interplant movement by pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Effects of sex ratio and reproductive status AN - 16967848; 3813682 AB - Sticky trap catch of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, is male biased during the reproductive generations, but not the diapausing generation. In cage studies, we monitored movement by male and female pear psylla between host plants, and tested whether reproductive and diapausing psylla exhibit similar rates of movement. We also experimentally varied sex ratio to determine whether sex ratio affected movement. Male-biased sex ratios prompted increased movement off of the original host by male psylla of the reproductive generations; no such effect was noted for diapausing insects. We interpret these results to indicate that male movements increased under male-biased conditions due to mate-searching activities. There was also evidence in two experiments that severely male-biased sex ratios prompted movement off of the original host plant by reproductive females; this effect may have been due to harassment of ovipositing females by males. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Horton AU - Lewis, T M AD - USDA-ARS, Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 687 EP - 700 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - sex ratio KW - Psyllidae KW - reproductive status KW - movements KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16967848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Interplant+movement+by+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29%3A+Effects+of+sex+ratio+and+reproductive+status&rft.au=Horton%3BLewis%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Homoptera; Psyllidae; movements; reproductive status; sex ratio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of carotenoids by Phaffia rhodozyma grown on media composed of corn wet-milling co-products AN - 16966657; 3819679 AB - Natural isolates of the carotenoid-producing yeast Phaffia rhodozyma were analyzed for their ability to grow and to produce carotenoids in culture media composed exclusively of co-products of corn wet-milling for fuel ethanol production. Five P. rhodozyma strains were tested for biomass produced (dry weight) and carotenoid yield. Six co-products were examined, ranging in cost from approximately $0.02 per kg to $0.11 per kg, all less expensive than conventional or agricultural growth substrates previously tested. The three co-products allowing the greatest accumulation of biomass and carotenoids by P. rhodozyma were thin stillage (TS), corn condensed distiller's solubles (CCDS) and corn gluten feed (CGF). Of the medium compositions tested, 10-15% CGF, 70% TS and 6-8% CCDS generally allowed maximum carotenoid production. Cultures grown in these three media produced up to 65%, 148% and 104% of the carotenoid yield per ml of yeast extract/malt extract (YM) cultures, respectively. Under the conditions tested, this was at an approximate medium cost of $0.67 per g carotenoids for CCDS and $0.73 per g for CGF as compared to $385.00 per g for YM. These results indicate that certain co-products of corn wet-milling can serve, at the appropriate concentration, as efficient, economical substrates for growth and carotenoid production by Phaffia rhodozyma. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hayman, G T AU - Mannarelli, B M AU - Leathers, T D AD - Biopolymer Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 389 EP - 395 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - carotenoids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cell culture KW - Phaffia rhodozyma KW - media KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03045:Fungi KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+carotenoids+by+Phaffia+rhodozyma+grown+on+media+composed+of+corn+wet-milling+co-products&rft.au=Hayman%2C+G+T%3BMannarelli%2C+B+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Hayman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; media; Phaffia rhodozyma ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of glutamine synthetase in regulation of nitrogen metabolism within the soil microbial community AN - 16965787; 3819419 AB - Recent advances in our understanding of the enzymology and regulatory systems involved in microbial metabolism of N hold promise to elucidate some of the underlying factors controlling metabolism of N in soil ecosystems. A review of recent work is used to construct a paradigm for N metabolism regulation in soil based on the central role of glutamine synthetase (GS) in such regulation within the soil microbial community. The studies involved use of GS inhibitors to elucidate the role of GS activity in regulation of soil N metabolism. Such studies have shown that the glutamine formed by microbial assimilation of NH super(+) sub(4) via GS activity influences the regulatory mechanisms controlling both the production and activity of enzymes involved in N metabolism. For example, these studies showed that the inhibition of GS activity within the soil microbial community relieved the repression of urease production caused by microbial assimilation of inorganic N and blocked the short-term regulation of assimilatory nitrate reductase (ANR) by N super(+) sub(4) assimilation. Other studies have indicated that common environmental factors in soil may influence GS activity in microorganisms and thereby may influence metabolism of N within the soil microbial community. The paradigm for N metabolism regulation in soil that has emerged from such studies should lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling fate of N in soil ecosystems. JF - Plant and Soil AU - McCarty, G W Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 141 EP - 147 VL - 170 IS - 1 KW - glutamate-ammonia ligase KW - nitrogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - soil microorganisms KW - metabolism KW - enzymatic activity KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16965787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=The+role+of+glutamine+synthetase+in+regulation+of+nitrogen+metabolism+within+the+soil+microbial+community&rft.au=McCarty%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=McCarty&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Soil microbial diversity and the sustainability of agricultural soils AN - 16965699; 3822201 AB - Many world ecosystems are in various states of decline evidenced by erosion, low productivity, and poor water quality caused by forest clearing, intensive agricultural production, and continued use of land resources for purposes that are not sustainable. The biological diversity of these systems is being altered. Little research has been conducted to quantify the beneficial relationships between microbial diversity, soil and plant quality, and ecosystem sustainability. Ecosystem functioning is governed largely by soil microbial dynamics. Differences in microbial properties and activities of soils have been reported but are restricted to general ecological enumeration methods or activity levels, which are limited in their ability to describe a particular ecosystem. Microbial populations and their responses to stresses have been traditionally studied at the process level, in terms of total numbers of microorganisms, biomass, respiration rates, and enzyme activities, with little attention being paid to responses at the community or the organismal levels. These process level measurements, although critical to understanding the ecosystem, may be insensitive to community level changes due to the redundancy of these functions. As microbial communities comprise complex interactions between diverse organisms, they should be studied as such, and not as a "black box" into which inputs are entered and outputs are received at measured rates. Microbial communities and their processes need to be examined in relation to not only the individuals that comprise the community, but the effect of perturbations or environmental stresses on those communities. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Smith, K L Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 75 EP - 86 VL - 170 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - soil microorganisms KW - ecosystem stability KW - biological diversity KW - D 04700:Management KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16965699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+microbial+diversity+and+the+sustainability+of+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+A+C%3BSmith%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates by reverse transcription PCR coupled to direct nucleotide sequencing and development of sequence database for pathotype prediction and molecular epidemiological analysis AN - 16962590; 3813304 AB - Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were synthesized to amplify nucleotide sequences from portions of the fusion protein and matrix protein genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genomic RNA that could be used diagnostically. These primers were used in a single-tube reverse transcription PCR of NDV genomic RNA coupled to direct nucleotide sequencing of the amplified product to characterize more than 30 NDV isolates. In agreement with previous reports, differences in the fusion protein cleavage sequence that correlated genotypically with virulence among various NDV pathotypes were detected. By using sequences generated from the matrix protein gene coding for the nuclear localization signal, lentogenic viruses were again grouped phylogenetically separate from other pathotypes. These techniques were applied to compare neurotropic velogenic viruses isolated from an outbreak of Newcastle disease in cormorants and turkeys. Cormorant NDV isolates and an NDV isolate from an infected turkey flock in North Dakota had the fusion protein cleavage sequence super(109)SRGRRQKRFVG super(119). The R-for-G substitution at position 110 may be unique for the cormorant-type isolates. Although the amino acid sequences from the fusion protein cleavage site were identical, nucleotide sequence data correlate the outbreak in turkeys to a cormorant virus isolate from Minnesota and not to a cormorant virus isolate from Michigan. On the basis of sequence information, the cormorant isolates are virulent viruses related to isolates of psittacine origin, possibly genotypically distinct from other velogenic NDV isolates. These techniques can be used reliably for Newcastle disease epidemiology and for prediction of pathotypes of NDV isolates without traditional live-bird inoculations. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Seal, B S AU - King, D J AU - Bennett, J D AD - Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5657, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2624 EP - 2630 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Newcastle disease virus KW - epidemiology KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) KW - V 22031:Viral nucleic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16962590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Newcastle+disease+virus+isolates+by+reverse+transcription+PCR+coupled+to+direct+nucleotide+sequencing+and+development+of+sequence+database+for+pathotype+prediction+and+molecular+epidemiological+analysis&rft.au=Seal%2C+B+S%3BKing%2C+D+J%3BBennett%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Seal&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; epidemiology; polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; Newcastle disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report of an intracellular bacterial symbiont in Noctuidonema guyanense, an ectoparasitic nematode of Spodoptera frugiperda AN - 16960663; 3812048 AB - Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the fall armyworm, is a serious pest of corn, sorghum, and pasture grasses in the southeastern United States. Although more than 50 species of metazoan parasites attack eggs and larvae of S. frugiperda, the ectoparasitic nematode Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain (Nematoda: Acugutturidae) is one of only a few known parasites of the adult moth. N. guyanense is currently under study as a possible biocontrol agent against adult S. frugiperda. During the course of these investigations, an intracellular bacterial symbiont was observed in the gonads of N. guyanense parasitizing S. frugiperda collected in Tift County, Georgia, and Belle Glade, Florida. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Marti, OG Jr AU - Rogers, CE AU - Styer, EL AD - Insect Biol. Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 94 EP - 96 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Noctuidonema guyanense KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biological control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Lepidoptera KW - symbiosis KW - bacteria KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Report+of+an+intracellular+bacterial+symbiont+in+Noctuidonema+guyanense%2C+an+ectoparasitic+nematode+of+Spodoptera+frugiperda&rft.au=Marti%2C+OG+Jr%3BRogers%2C+CE%3BStyer%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Marti&rft.aufirst=OG&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; bacteria; symbiosis; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decomposition of lupine biomass by soil microorganisms in developing Mount St. Helens' pyroclastic soils AN - 16960637; 3811788 AB - Legumes like Lupinus lepidus and L. latifolius affect soil C and N concentrations and microbial activity in Mount St. Helens' pyroclastic deposits. Concentrations of total Kjeldahl-N (TKN), total organic-C (TOC) and water soluble-C (H sub(2)O-C) were measured in soil from under live L. latifolius (LULA) and dead L. lepidus (DEAD), and in bare soil (BARE). Soil microbial biomass-C estimated by substrate-induced respiration (SIR-C), metabolic quotient (qCO sub(2)) and C and N mineralization from lupine biomass-amended and non-amended soils were also estimated. The greatest concentrations of TKN, TOC and SIR-C were observed near the surface. In surface soil (0-5 cm), LULA soil contained the highest concentrations of TKN, TOC and SIR-C followed by DEAD, LULE and BARE plant-soil types, respectively. The concentrations of H sub(2)O-C were relatively constant among different plant-soil types and depths. Changes in qCO sub(2) with depth varied with plant-soil type. While TOC was strongly and linearly correlated with TKN, the relationship between SIR-C and both TKN and TOC was curvilinear and suggested a carrying capacity for SIR-C of about 400 kg microbial biomass-C ha super(-1). In an incubation study, the patterns of cumulative net respiration were similar to those observed for TKN and TOC (i.e. LULA > DEAD > LULE > BARE). Soils amended with L. latifolius biomass had a higher rate of net N mineralization than soils amended with L. lepidus biomass. Low amounts of TOC, TKN, and soluble C, together with zero net N mineralization in some amended soils, suggest that microbial communities in Mount St. Helens' soils are N limited. Competition for inorganic-N between microorganisms and plants may thus be an important controlling mechanism for succession. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Halvorson, J J AU - Smith, J L AD - USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 983 EP - 992 VL - 27 IS - 8 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient availability KW - soils (volcanic) KW - Lupinus KW - USA, Washington KW - decomposition KW - soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Decomposition+of+lupine+biomass+by+soil+microorganisms+in+developing+Mount+St.+Helens%27+pyroclastic+soils&rft.au=Halvorson%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Halvorson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=983&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lupinus; USA, Washington; soils (volcanic); soil microorganisms; decomposition; nutrient availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alfalfa NADH-dependent glutamate synthase: Structure of the gene and importance in symbiotic N sub(2) fixation AN - 16958061; 3811019 AB - Glutamate synthase (GOGAT), a key enzyme in ammonia (NH super(+) sub(4)) assimilation, occurs as two forms in plants: a ferredoxin-dependent form (Fd-GOGAT) and an NADH-dependent form (NADH-GOGAT). These enzymes are encoded by distinct genes as evidenced by their cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences. This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a NADH-GOGAT gene from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the first GOGAT gene to be isolated from a eukaryote. RNase protection and primer extension experiments map the transcription start site of NADH-GOGAT to nearly identical positions. The transcribed region of this gene, 12 214 bp, is comprised of 22 exons separated by 21 introns. The 2.7 kbp region 5' from the translation initiation site confers nodule-specific reporter gene activity when used in a chimeric beta -glucuronidase (GUS) construct and transformed into Lotus corniculatus and Medicago sativa. Both infected and uninfected cells display GUS activity. The abundance of NADH-GOGAT transcripts increases substantially in developing nodules of plants infected with effective rhizobia. However, this increase is not observed when nodules are induced by a variety of ineffective rhizobial strains. Thus, unlike many other plant genes involved in root nodule NH super(+) sub(4) assimilation, high levels of NADH-GOGAT expression are strictly associated with effective nodules indicating that NADH-GOGAT plays a central role in the functioning of effective root nodules. An alfalfa Fd-GOGAT PCR product showing greater than 85% identity to maize Fd-GOGAT was isolated and used to investigate the contribution of this enzyme to NH super(+) sub(4) assimilation in nodules. Fd-GOGAT mRNA was abundant in leaves and cotyledons but was not detected in alfalfa root nodules. Fd-GOGAT in alfalfa does not appear to play a significant role in symbiotic N sub(2) fixation. JF - Plant Journal AU - Vance, C P AU - Miller, S S AU - Gregerson, R G AU - Samac, DA AU - Robinson, D L AU - Gantt, J S AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Sci. Res. Unit, Borlaug Hall, 1991 Buford Circle, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 345 EP - 358 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - NADH KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - glutamate synthase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Lotus corniculatus KW - Rhizobium KW - nodules KW - nitrogen fixation KW - Medicago sativa KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Alfalfa+NADH-dependent+glutamate+synthase%3A+Structure+of+the+gene+and+importance+in+symbiotic+N+sub%282%29+fixation&rft.au=Vance%2C+C+P%3BMiller%2C+S+S%3BGregerson%2C+R+G%3BSamac%2C+DA%3BRobinson%2C+D+L%3BGantt%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; nodules; nitrogen fixation; Rhizobium; Lotus corniculatus; Medicago sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus with pentachlorobenzyl alcohol, phthalide, and pyroquilon AN - 16956207; 3810892 AB - Two isolates of Aspergillus flavus were grown in shake cultures for 4 days at 30 degree C with 0 to 8 mu g/ml of 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobenzyl alcohol (PCBA) or phthalide and 0 to 30 mu g/ml of pyroquilon. The three compounds significantly inhibited the accumulation of aflatoxins B sub(1), B sub(2), and B sub(2a) in cultures of both isolates. The effect of PCBA was most pronounced, followed by phthalide and then pyroquilon. With isolate SRRC-2089, the control contained 365 plus or minus 45 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per gram mycelial dry weight, while in cultures treated with 8 mu g/ml PCBA, phthalide or pyroquilon, aflatoxin B sub(1) levels decreased by 98, 86, and 48%, respectively. At the 8 mu g/ml level, phthalide and pyroquilon did not significantly inhibit fungal growth with SRRC-2089, but PCBA caused a decrease of 12% in mycelial dry weight. Precursor feeding studies with [ super(14)C]norsolorinic acid demonstrated that the enzymes converting norsolorinic acid and later precursors to aflatoxins were not inhibited by these compounds. Thus, inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis by PCBA, phthalide, and pyroquilon seems to be earlier in the biosynthetic pathway before the synthesis of norsolorinic acid. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Wheeler, M H AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Crops Res. Lab., Cotton Pathol. Res. Unit, 2765 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 109 EP - 115 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - pentachlorobenzyl alcohol KW - phthalide KW - pyroquilon KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - aflatoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus+with+pentachlorobenzyl+alcohol%2C+phthalide%2C+and+pyroquilon&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+M+H%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of metribuzin and associated metabolites in soil and water samples by solid phase extraction and reversed phase thin layer chromatography AN - 16955497; 3812016 AB - A method to analyze metribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3- (methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one, and its major metabolites, deaminated metribuzin, DA, 6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3- (methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one, diketometribuzin, DK, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione and deaminated diketometribuzin, DADK, 6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione in soil and water samples by reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) is described. Soil samples were extracted with MeOH:0.01 M CaCl sub(2)x2H sub(2)O (4:1) and the extracts filtered to remove the sediment. The extract then was diluted with deionized water and eluted through a C18, solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Water samples (150-mL) were eluted directly through C18, SPE cartridges. Both soil and water extracts were chromatographed on pre-coated RPTLC plates. The concentration of metribuzin was determined by UV densitometry at 290 nm. Recoveries of metribuzin from soil samples fortified at 2 mg kg super(-1) ranged from 73-86%. Recoveries from water samples fortified at 10 and 100 mu g L super(-1) ranged from 85 to 92%. The detection limit of the method for metribuzin is 30 nanograms. JF - Journal of Liquid Chromatography AU - Johnson, R M AU - Pepperman, AB AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 739 EP - 753 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0148-3919, 0148-3919 KW - soil analysis KW - triazine pesticides KW - weed control KW - soil sampling KW - metribuzin KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - chromatography KW - herbicides KW - water analysis KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+metribuzin+and+associated+metabolites+in+soil+and+water+samples+by+solid+phase+extraction+and+reversed+phase+thin+layer+chromatography&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+M%3BPepperman%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography&rft.issn=01483919&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; soil analysis; water analysis; chromatography; herbicides; triazine pesticides; weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variation detected by DNA fingerprinting with a rice minisatellite probe in Oryza sativa L. AN - 16950343; 3814182 AB - A rice minisatellite probe detecting DNA fingerprints was used to assess genetic variation in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Fifty-seven cultivars of rice, including 40 closely related cultivars released in the US, were studied. Rice DNA fingerprinting revealed high levels of polymorphism among distantly related cultivars. The variability of fingerprinting pattern was reduced in the closely related cultivars. A genetic similarity index (S) was computed based on shared fragments between each pair of cultivars, and genetic distance (D) was used to construct the dendrograms depicting generic relationships among rice cultivars. Cluster analysis of genetic distance tended to group rice cultivars into different units corresponding with their varietal types and breeding pedigrees. However, by comparison with the coefficients of parentage, the criterion of relatedness based on DNA fingerprints appeared to overestimate the genetic relationships between some of the closely related US cultivars. Although this may reduce the power of fingerprints for genetic analysis, we were able to demonstrate that DNA fingerprinting with minisatellite sequences is simpler and more sensitive than most other types of marker systems in detecting genetic variation in rice. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Zhou, Z AU - Gustafson, J P AD - Dep. Agron. and USDA-ARS, Plant Genet. Res. Unit, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 481 EP - 488 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Oryza sativa KW - genetic variance KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16950343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+detected+by+DNA+fingerprinting+with+a+rice+minisatellite+probe+in+Oryza+sativa+L.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Z%3BGustafson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA fingerprinting; genetic variance; Oryza sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of tricyclazole, pyroquilon, phthalide, and related fungicides on the production of conidial wall pigments by Penicillium and Aspergillus species AN - 16948730; 3810891 AB - Nine compounds that inhibit 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis in Pyricularia oryzae were used to study their effect on pigment production in conidial walls of 11 Penicillium and 5 Aspergillus species. Conidial pigmentation in all of the fungi except A. flavus and A. parasiticus was inhibited by tricyclazole and, where tested, by most of the other compounds that inhibit melanin synthesis in Py. oryzae. The stronger inhibitors of DHN-melanin synthesis (tricyclazole, chlobenthiazone, and pyroquilon) were the strongest inhibitors of pigment synthesis by the Penicillium and Aspergillus species, and four of the other compounds (phthalide, PCBA, PP-389, and MQ) had a similar order of effect on pigment synthesis in the Penicillium and Aspergillus species as previously reported for melanin synthesis in Py. oryzae. Two of the weakest melanin inhibitors, coumarin and TQ, did not inhibit pigment synthesis. Flaviolin, a shunt product from the DHN-melanin pathway, was isolated from tricyclazole-treated cultures of 10 of 14 of the fungal isolates when they were grown on a special alkaline medium. Conidial wall pigmentation was inhibited by tricyclazole in the alkaline medium, and the effects of tricyclazole on conidial wall pigmentation and flaviolin accumulation occurred concurrently. These findings indicate that some of the Aspergillus isolates and all of the Penicillium isolates used in this study contain a reductase enzyme(s) that is involved in the biosynthesis of green pigments and that is inhibited by compounds that prevent DHN-melanin biosynthesis in a number of brown to black fungi. The accumulation of flaviolin in cultures containing tricyclazole suggests that pentaketide metabolites are used in the synthesis of these pigments. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Wheeler, M H AU - Klich, MA AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Crops Res. Lab., Cotton Pathol. Res. Unit, 2765 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 125 EP - 136 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - tricyclazole KW - pyroquilon KW - phthalide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Penicillium KW - pigments KW - conidia KW - fungicides KW - Aspergillus KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+tricyclazole%2C+pyroquilon%2C+phthalide%2C+and+related+fungicides+on+the+production+of+conidial+wall+pigments+by+Penicillium+and+Aspergillus+species&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+M+H%3BKlich%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium; Aspergillus; fungicides; conidia; pigments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biofibers as reinforcing fillers in thermoplastic composites AN - 16943581; 182925 AB - Four biofiber materials were compared against wood flour for their ability to act as reinforcing fillers in melt-blended composites with polypropylene as the matrix polymer. The four materials were a waste wood composite (mixture of plywood, particleboard, and fiberboard), kenaf core, a waste jute-polyester composite panel, and waste newspaper. The composites were prepared either by extrusion or by blending in a high intensity thermokinetic mixer (K-mixer), and mechanical properties were determined on injection molded specimens. Although some property differences were observed compared to wood flour/polypropylene composites, it appeared that any of the four materials might substitute for wood flour if local supply and cost circumstances offered advantages. However, waste newspaper clearly provided the best balance of mechanical properties relative to the other three test materials or wood flour. Relative to wood flour, waste newspaper filler increased unnotched impact by over 30 percent and flexure and tensile strengths by about 25 percent. JF - J VINYL ADDIT TECHNOL AU - Schneider, J P AU - Myers, GE AU - Clemons, C M AU - English, B W AD - USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 103 EP - 108 PB - SOC OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS, BROOKFIELD, CT, (USA) VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 0193-7197, 0193-7197 KW - Bending strength KW - Biofibers KW - Blending KW - Composite materials KW - Injection molding KW - Kenaf core KW - Kenaf fibers KW - Plastics fillers KW - Polyesters KW - Polypropylenes KW - Thermoplastics KW - Waste paper KW - Wood flour KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Tensile strength KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 421:STRENGTH OF BUILDING MATERIALS KW - W4 811.1:PULP AND PAPER KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16943581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+VINYL+ADDIT+TECHNOL&rft.atitle=Biofibers+as+reinforcing+fillers+in+thermoplastic+composites&rft.au=Schneider%2C+J+P%3BMyers%2C+GE%3BClemons%2C+C+M%3BEnglish%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J+VINYL+ADDIT+TECHNOL&rft.issn=01937197&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tensile strength ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant defense mechanisms in the female rat: Interactions with alcohol, copper, and type of dietary carbohydrate AN - 16906031; 3806813 AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol, type of dietary carbohydrate (fructose vs. starch), and levels of dietary copper (deficient vs. adequate) on antioxidant defense mechanism in the female rat. The consumption of 20% ethanol in the drinking water depressed growth rate due to a reduction of feed efficiency. Ethanol also lowered hepatic copper concentration, but had no effect on hepatic iron. Among the three antioxidant enzymes studied [i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase], only catalase activity was increased by ethanol. This effect was independent of copper or the type of dietary carbohydrate. As expected, copper deficiency dramatically reduced SOD. Copper deficiency also reduced GSH-Px activity; however, the combination of fructose feeding with copper deficiency caused a further reduction in GSH-Px. The data show that copper deficiency, per se, and the combination of copper deficiency with fructose feeding lower the antioxidant defense system in female rats. JF - Alcohol AU - Fields, M AU - Lewis, C G AD - Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., USDA, Bldg. 307, Rm. 330, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 227 EP - 231 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0741-8329, 0741-8329 KW - copper KW - rats KW - ethanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - antioxidants KW - carbohydrates KW - females KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16906031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+defense+mechanisms+in+the+female+rat%3A+Interactions+with+alcohol%2C+copper%2C+and+type+of+dietary+carbohydrate&rft.au=Fields%2C+M%3BLewis%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol&rft.issn=07418329&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antioxidants; females; carbohydrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rose bengal amended medium for selecting nitrate-metabolism mutants from fungi AN - 16904871; 3806880 AB - A rose bengal amended medium for selecting nitrate-metabolism mutants from fungi with reduced sensitivity to chlorate is described. Isolates of several species known to resist development of nitrate-metabolism mutants on chlorate medium formed such mutants when grown on the rose bengal - chlorate medium. These species include Aspergillus flavus (Link.), Fusarium lateritium (Nees ex Link.), Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.), Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Alternaria cassiae (Jurair and Khan), Alternaria macrospora (Zimmerman), and Alternaria tagetica (Shome and Mustafee). The medium allows selection of nitrate-metabolism mutants of certain fungal strains for which chlorate-based techniques have not been satisfactory. Resulting mutants, following phenotype determination and identification of complementary testers, can be paired to enable macroscopic observation of heterokaryon formation during vegetative compatibility analyses. Thus, this medium may facilitate development of information on delimitation of vegetative compatibility groups among strains within these taxa. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Elias, K S AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Reg. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 680 EP - 682 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - rose bengal KW - nitrates KW - Alternaria macrospora KW - Alternaria tagetica KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - metabolism KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - media (culture) KW - mutants KW - fungi KW - Alternaria cassiae KW - Fusarium lateritium KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=A+rose+bengal+amended+medium+for+selecting+nitrate-metabolism+mutants+from+fungi&rft.au=Elias%2C+K+S%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Elias&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Fusarium lateritium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium solani; Alternaria cassiae; media (culture); metabolism; mutants; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of corn gluten meal as a protein source in tilapia diets AN - 16901493; 3805012 AB - Corn gluten meal was incorporated into tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets containing 32 and 36% protein from corn and soybean with and without fish meal on soy lecithin, respectively. A 75-day feeding study indicated that the five diets containing corn gluten meal yielded higher weight gain, higher protein efficiency ratio, and better or equal feed conversion ratio values of tilapia than a commercial fish feed containing 36% protein and fish meal. Tilapia fed 32% protein diets had the same weight gain as 36% protein diets. No advantage was realized when fish meal (6%) was incorporated into the diet. Likewise, diets containing soy lecithin (1%) did not result in enhanced weight gain relative to diets devoid of lecithin. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Wu, Y V AU - Rosati, R R AU - Sessa, D J AU - Brown, P B AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1585 EP - 1588 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - corn gluten meal KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - animal nutrition KW - freshwater fish KW - fish culture KW - feed KW - Freshwater KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16901493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+corn+gluten+meal+as+a+protein+source+in+tilapia+diets&rft.au=Wu%2C+Y+V%3BRosati%2C+R+R%3BSessa%2C+D+J%3BBrown%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal nutrition; freshwater fish; fish culture; feed; Oreochromis niloticus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved method for the analysis of imazapyr in soil AN - 16895802; 3804485 AB - A method for the analysis of imazapyr residues in tropical and temperate soils was developed. Imazapyr residues, extracted from soil with ammonium hydrogen carbonate and cleaned-up by centrifuging, anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE), pH adjustment, and C sub(18) SPE, were determined by HPLC. Recoveries from soils from Hawaii (Halii sandy clay loam), Texas (Houston Black clay), and Maryland (Codorus loam), USA, fortified with imazapyr (0-5 mu g g super(-1) soil) and equilibrated for 12-18 h, were 99( plus or minus 3)%, 104( plus or minus 4)% and 89%( plus or minus 2)%, respectively. Recoveries were independent of fortification level, but dependent upon soil type. Methods previously described in the literature produced imazapyr recoveries of less than 60% with Halii soil. This improved method has a limit of detection of 5 ng g super(-1) (equivalent to or better than other methods) and affords higher recovery of imazapyr residues from tropical soil. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Helling, C S AU - Doherty, MA AD - USDA/ARS, Weed Sci. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 21 EP - 26 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - imazapyr KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - pesticide residues KW - measuring methods KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Improved+method+for+the+analysis+of+imazapyr+in+soil&rft.au=Helling%2C+C+S%3BDoherty%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Helling&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; pesticide residues; herbicides; measuring methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests AN - 16891159; 3796452 AB - An understanding of the factors governing sciurid abundance in the Pacific Northwest is essential for prescribing forest management practices for second-growth forests where recovery of Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) populations and enhancement of biodiversity are objectives. We compared results of companion studies of sciurids in western Washington and Oregon and examined patterns of abundance in relation to habitat elements on the Olympic Peninsula to elucidate governing factors and make recommendations for forest management. Regional contrasts show that Glaucomys sabrinus and Tamias townsendii in Douglas-fir forests in Oregon are 4 times more abundant than in western hemlock forests in Washington, and dietaries of Glaucomys, and the fungal communities that provide its food, are more diverse in Oregon than in Washington. Glaucomys sabrinus in old forests are 2 times more abundant than in young, managed forests without old-forest legacies (large live trees, large snags and large, decaying fallen trees); populations in young forests with old-forest legacies and with understory development may equal those in old growth. On the Olympic Peninsula, Glaucomys sabrinus abundance can be predicted by density of large snags and abundance of ericaceous shrubs. At least seven large snags/ha and well-distributed patches of dense shrubs (cover within patches >24% and patches covering 40% of the total area) are necessary for high densities of Glaucomys sabrinus. Abundance of Tamias townsendii reflects size of dominant tree and well-developed understories. Abundance of Tamiasciurus douglasii seems to reflect territoriality in concordance with food supply and was greatest where Glaucomys and Tamias were low in abundance. Patterns of abundance of the sciurids in old- and managed forests suggests that silvicultural manipulation of vegetation and creative snag or den-tree management could be used in a management strategy to accelerate the development of Spotted Owl habitat in areas where old growth is lacking. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Carey, AB AD - Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 648 EP - 661 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - environmental factors KW - Glaucomys sabrinus KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - abundance KW - Tamias townsendii KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16891159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Sciurids+in+Pacific+Northwest+managed+and+old-growth+forests&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys sabrinus; Tamias townsendii; USA, Pacific Northwest; abundance; environmental factors; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorimuron adsorption, desorption, and degradation in soils from conventional tillage and no-tillage systems AN - 16891115; 3806498 AB - No-tillage (NT) and other conservation management practices designed to enhance plant residue accumulation can affect the herbicides fate in soil. This study was designed to evaluate adsorption, desorption, and degradation of chlorimuron {ethyl 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]benzoic acid} in soils collected from long-term conventional tillage (CT) and NT plots. Soils were Miami silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf) and Drummer silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Endoaquoll) from Illinois, and Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aeric Ochraqualf) from Mississippi. Adsorption was determined on five concentrations of super(14)C-chlorimuron (0.22-12.26 mu mol kg super(-1)) equilibrated for 72 h. Desorption in four cycles (1, 24, 24, and 24 h) was measured for samples initially sorbed at 2.60 mu mol kg super(-1). Adsorption K sub(f) values ranged from 0.56 to 6.53 and were higher in NT compared with CT soils. The N values were less than unity in all soils. Desorption was hysteretic and the total amount desorbed in four desorptions ranged from 18 to 51% of that sorbed. Desorption K sub(f) values ranged from 0.60 to 2.74 and were higher in NT compared with CT soils. After 63 d incubation of super(14)C-chlorimuron, 44 to 54% of applied remained as extractable chlorimuron and 10 to 16% of applied mineralized to super(14)CO sub(2) among the soils. Half-life of over 2 mo and relatively low mineralization suggests poor adaptability of native microbial populations to chlorimuron as substrate. Differences in the chlorimuron degradation pattern were minor between NT and CT soils, despite NT soils in general having greater organic C, microbial populations, and soil enzyme activity compared with CT soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Reddy, K N AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Locke, MA AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 760 EP - 767 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - desorption KW - agricultural practices KW - degradation KW - radioactive tracers KW - conservation KW - agricultural runoff KW - herbicides KW - adsorption KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16891115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Chlorimuron+adsorption%2C+desorption%2C+and+degradation+in+soils+from+conventional+tillage+and+no-tillage+systems&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N%3BZablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BLocke%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; herbicides; adsorption; desorption; degradation; agricultural practices; radioactive tracers; agricultural runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial characteristics of soil quality AN - 16890866; 3796758 AB - Soil quality is an emerging concept that can integrate descriptive and analytical measurements of the physical, chemical, and biological components of the soil. Minor differences in these components may be early warning signals of soil degradation and can be used as indicators so that degrading effects can be remedied and soil building practices can be implemented. Analytical techniques are therefore needed to more fully differentiate soil building practices from those that are degrading. Soil microbial parameters, an integral part of soil, may be helpful as early warning signals of changes in soil quality. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Papendick, R I AD - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 243 EP - 247 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - soil contamination KW - soil pollution KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - quality control KW - pollution control KW - microbiology KW - A 01047:General KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Microbial+characteristics+of+soil+quality&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+A+C%3BPapendick%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil contamination; quality control; microbiology; pollution control; soil pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dendroctonus valens and Hylastes porculus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Vectors of pathogenic fungi (Ophiostomatales) associated with red pine decline disease AN - 16890808; 3804545 AB - A study was conducted to determine whether Dendroctonus valens and Hylastes porculus could vector their commonly associated fungi to red pine (Pinus resinosa). Field collected adult D. valens transmitted Leptographium terebrantis, Leptographium procerum and Ophiostoma ips into 45%, 30%, and 5%, respectively of the wounded red pine roots onto which they were caged. Field collected H. porculus transmitted L. terebrantis, L. procerum and O. ips into 55%, 40%, and 5%, respectively, of the wounded red pine roots onto which beetles were caged. None of the control roots, which were mechanically wounded only, were found to contain O. ips, whereas only one control root contained L. terebrantis and only one control root contained L. procerum. This work demonstrates that D. valens and H. porculus can vector their associated Leptographium fungi to red pine trees and that these organisms are likely involved in red pine decline disease. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Smalley, E B AU - Raffa, K F AD - South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - red pine decline disease KW - Leptographium KW - Ophiostoma ips KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - decline KW - pathogens KW - fungi KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus resinosa KW - Hylastes porculus KW - vectors KW - Dendroctonus valens KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Dendroctonus+valens+and+Hylastes+porculus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29%3A+Vectors+of+pathogenic+fungi+%28Ophiostomatales%29+associated+with+red+pine+decline+disease&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BSmalley%2C+E+B%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus valens; Hylastes porculus; Coleoptera; Scolytidae; Pinus resinosa; vectors; pathogens; fungi; decline ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxoplasma gondii in Iowa sows: Comparison of antibody titers to isolation of T. gondii by bioassays in mice and cats AN - 16889184; 3801858 AB - Hearts of 1,000 pigs killed at an abattoir in Iowa were bioassayed for the prevalence of tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii. One hundred grams of cardiac muscle from each pig was homogenized, digested in pepsin solution, and bioassayed in 10 mice. Five hundred grams of heart tissue from each of a subset of 183 pigs was also bioassayed in cats. Serum collected from the heart from each pig was assayed for anti-T. gondii antibodies in the modified agglutination test using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 22.2% of pigs. Viable T. gondii was isolated from a total of 170 pigs; from 50 hearts by bioassay in mice, from 58 hearts by bioassay in both mice and cats, and from 62 pigs by bioassay in cats only. The success of isolation in cats (65.6%) was approximately twice that in mice (31.7%). Percentage of isolations of T. gondii with respect to reciprocal antibody titers (in parentheses) in pigs was: 3.7% (<20), 37.1% (20), 38.1% (40), 60% (80), 75% (200), 77% (400), 83% (800), and 75.8% ( greater than or equal to 2,000 to 16,000). JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Thulliez, P AU - Powell, E C AD - Parasite Biol. and Epidemiol. Lab., Livestock and Poult. Sci. Inst., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 48 EP - 53 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - cats KW - mice KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - serum levels KW - USA, Iowa KW - Toxoplasma gondii KW - antibodies KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16889184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Toxoplasma+gondii+in+Iowa+sows%3A+Comparison+of+antibody+titers+to+isolation+of+T.+gondii+by+bioassays+in+mice+and+cats&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BThulliez%2C+P%3BPowell%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - serum levels; antibodies; Toxoplasma gondii; USA, Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of calves with a vaccine against Cryptosporidium parvum AN - 16889118; 3801856 AB - Cryptosporidium parvum causes enteric infection and diarrhea in calves, other species of economically important livestock, and humans. There are no effective treatments currently licensed for this parasite, and preventive measures are difficult. In addition to direct economic losses to the cattle industry, infected calves may contaminate water supplies with oocysts and contribute to human cryptosporidiosis. We have developed a vaccine offering partial protection against C. parvum infection in calves. Nine calves received an oral preparation of lyophilized C. parvum oocysts shortly after birth, and 10 calves served as nonvaccinated controls. All calves received colostrum. At 1 wk of age, all calves were administered 10 super(4) viable C. parvum oocysts orally. Clinical disease and oocyst shedding were monitored daily. Mean duration of diarrhea was 4 days for control calves and 1.7 days for vaccinated calves. Mean duration of oocyst shedding was 5.3 days for control calves and 2 days for vaccinated calves. These differences were statistically significant and suggest that this vaccine has the potential to reduce diarrhea and oocyst shedding caused by C. parvum. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Harp, JA AU - Goff, J P AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Metab. Dis. and Immunol. Res. Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 54 EP - 57 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - vaccines KW - juveniles KW - oocysts KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16889118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Protection+of+calves+with+a+vaccine+against+Cryptosporidium+parvum&rft.au=Harp%2C+JA%3BGoff%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diarrhea; vaccines; juveniles; oocysts; Cryptosporidium parvum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue and serum swainsonine concentrations in sheep ingesting Astragalus lentiginosus (locoweed) AN - 16887550; 3797699 AB - Locoweed intoxication or locoism results when animals continuously graze certain plants of the genera Astragalus or Oxytropis. The locoweed toxin, swainsonine, is water soluble and is rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of swainsonine in tissues of sheep eating locoweed and to determine if the tissue swainsonine concentrations change with continued locoweed ingestion. Fifteen cross-breed whethers were divided into 3 groups of 5 each and fed alfalfa pellets (Group 1) or alfalfa pellets with 10% Astragalus lentiginosus for 13 d (Group 2) or for 21 d (Group 3). After the feeding periods, the animals were slaughtered and tissues were collected, frozen and later analyzed for swainsonine using an in vitro, alpha -mannosidase inhibition assay. Significant alpha -mannosidase inhibitory activity (interpreted as ng/ml of swainsonine) was detected in whole blood, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, liver, thyroid and urine. The swainsonine concentrations in tissues were significantly correlated with daily swainsonine intake (r=0.58 to 0.96). With the exception of kidney, longer exposure did not result in significant increases in the swainsonine concentrations in blood, muscle, brain, liver or thyroid. Liver had the highest swainsonine concentrations with 3049 plus or minus 1952 and 3947 plus or minus 457 ng/ml (mean plus or minus SD) in Groups 2 and 3 respectively. Swainsonine concentrations varied widely within the groups suggesting individual animal variability in swainsonine absorption, metabolism and excretion. These findings suggest that swainsonine is present in tissues of animals eating locoweed and that in most tissues the amount was directly correlated to the swainsonine dose ingested, but not to the length of exposure. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AU - Panter, KE AD - USDA/ARS, Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 336 EP - 339 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - swainsonine KW - sheep KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Astragalus lentiginosus KW - intoxication KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Tissue+and+serum+swainsonine+concentrations+in+sheep+ingesting+Astragalus+lentiginosus+%28locoweed%29&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus lentiginosus; intoxication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relative importance of refugia in determining the drift and habitat selection of predaceous stoneflies in a sandy-bottomed stream AN - 16887491; 3802512 AB - Patch structure in sandy, compared to rocky streams, is characterized by isolated snags that can only be colonized by drifting. By measuring drift from patches (snags) of various quality we determined the factors that influence habitat selection and drift of the predaceous stoneflies Acroneuria abnormis and Paragnetina fumosa. The presence of refugia (loose bark and leaf packs) was more important than hunger level and modified the effects of increased predator densities and aggressive interactions. Stoneflies concentrated to 8x natural densities with access to refugia remained longer on snags than a single stonefly without access to refugia. During periods of activity, refugia were defended with larger stoneflies always displacing smaller nymphs. During long periods of inactivity, two and sometimes three nymphs would rest side-by-side sharing the same refuge. Hunger level (starved versus satiated stoneflies), an indirect measure of a predator's response to prey availability, had no significant effect on drift or habitat selection regardless of the presence of refugia. Stonefly predators had a uniform distribution while their prey were clumped. Drift was deliberate and almost always delayed until night, usually at dusk or dawn. An examination of previous research plus the results of this study suggest that non-predatory intra- and interspecific interactions can be an important mechanism causing drift in streams. JF - Oecologia AU - Rader, R B AU - McArthur, J V AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Exp. Stn., Laramie, WY 82070, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - aquatic insects KW - refuges KW - refugia KW - streams KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acroneuria abnormis KW - Plecoptera KW - drift KW - Freshwater KW - rivers KW - Perlidae KW - ecological distribution KW - habitat selection KW - Paragnetina fumosa KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=The+relative+importance+of+refugia+in+determining+the+drift+and+habitat+selection+of+predaceous+stoneflies+in+a+sandy-bottomed+stream&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BMcArthur%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecological distribution; habitat selection; drift; rivers; refuges; aquatic insects; streams; refugia; Acroneuria abnormis; Plecoptera; Perlidae; Paragnetina fumosa; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of serum antibody in enteric septicemia of catfish AN - 16887138; 3795621 AB - The Falcon Assay Screen Test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the characteristics of antibody directed against Edwardsiella ictaluri exoantigen and the antibody's relationship to E. ictaluri in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) suffering from enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). This antibody was detected in the serum of channel catfish 5 d after fish were exposed to live E. ictaluri by bath immersion. A significant (P < 0.05) specific antibody response was stimulated between 14 and 21 d postexposure (DPE) which then declined at 28 DPE. Mortality resulting from E. ictaluri first occurred at 5 DPE and peaked at 21 DPE. Following reexposure, the specific memory antibody response peaked at 21 DPE, but at a level lower than that of the primary infection, and declined at 84 DPE. The reexposed catfish were protected against mortality resulting from E. ictaluri infection. Serum and antibody harvested from channel catfish protected against ESC-related mortality failed to passively immunize channel catfish against ESC. However, the channel catfish passively immunized with immune serum and antibody had significant (P < 0.05) circulating specific antibody immediately before E. ictaluri exposure. We conclude that channel catfish infected with E. ictaluri mount substantial primary and memory antibody responses to E. ictaluri exoantigen. The present results suggest that reexposure fails to stimulate a memory antibody response that was greater than the primary antibody response to E. ictaluri exoantigen. Antibodies to E. ictaluri exoantigen alone were not protective in the channel catfish experimental model of ESC. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Klesius, PH AU - Sealey, WM AD - USDA/ARS, Fish Dis. Parasit. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - FAST-ELISA test KW - antibody response KW - bacterial diseases KW - enteric septicemia KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - fish culture KW - fish diseases KW - freshwater aquaculture KW - immune response (humoral) KW - septicaemia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - antibodies KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - immunity KW - mortality KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+serum+antibody+in+enteric+septicemia+of+catfish&rft.au=Klesius%2C+PH%3BSealey%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Klesius&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; fish diseases; septicaemia; fish culture; antibodies; freshwater aquaculture; mortality; immunity; bacterial diseases; immune response (humoral); antibody response; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar maintenance respiration of subalpine and boreal trees and shrubs in relation to nitrogen content AN - 16886997; 3798188 AB - A nitrogen-based model of maintenance respiration (R sub(m)) would link R sub(m) with nitrogen-based photosynthesis models and enable simpler estimation of dark respiration flux from forest canopies. To test whether an N-based model of R sub(m) would apply generally to foliage of boreal and subalpine woody plants, I measured R sub(m) (CO sub(2) efflux at night from fully expanded foliage) for foliage of seven species of trees and shrubs in the northern boreal forest (near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada) and seven species in the subalpine montane forest (near Fraser, Colorado, USA). At 10 degree C, average R sub(m) for boreal foliage ranged from 0 times 94 to 6 times 8 mu mol kg super(-1) s super(-1) (0 times 18-0 times 58 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)) and for subalpine foliage it ranged from 0 times 99 to 7 times 6 mu mol kg super(-1) s super(-1) (0 times 28-0 times 64 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)). CO sub(2) efflux at 10 degree C for the samples was only weakly correlated with sample weight (r=0 times 11) and leaf area (r=0 times 58). However, CO sub(2) efflux per unit foliage weight was highly correlated with foliage N concentration [r=0 times 83, CO sub(2) flux at 10 degree C (mol kg super(-1) s super(-1))=2 times 62xfoliage N (mol kg super(-1))], and slopes were statistically similar for the boreal and subalpine sites (P=0 times 28). CO sub(2) efflux per unit of foliar N was 1 times 8 times that reported for a variety of crop and wildland species growing in warmer climates. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Ryan, M G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mt. Exp. Stn., 240 W. Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 765 EP - 772 VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - North America KW - air temperature KW - nighttime KW - trees KW - shrubs KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Foliar+maintenance+respiration+of+subalpine+and+boreal+trees+and+shrubs+in+relation+to+nitrogen+content&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; trees; shrubs; nighttime; respiration; air temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colorado potato beetle resistant somatic hybrid potato plants produced via protoplast electrofusion AN - 16886189; 3798087 AB - Leptines are natural glycoalkaloids found only in certain selections of the wild potato species Solanum chacoense. These rare glycoalkaloids have been identified to be phytochemical defensive agents against insect herbivores such as the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). In an attempt to introduce this CPB resistance into the cultivated potato S. tuberosum, interspecific somatic hybrid plants were developed between a dihaploid of S. tuberosum and a high leptine-producing germplasm selection of S. chacoense. The somatic hybrid was fused using protoplast electrofusion and regeneration techniques. Selection of interspecies fusion cell lines was based on hybrid vigor in protoplast-callus (p-callus) growth, on shoot regeneration from p-calli, and on characteristic appearance of anthocyanin pigment. This selection system was highly efficient and 12 of 13 fully regenerated plants were identified as somatic interspecies hybrids, as determined by the analyses of morphologic biochemical, and isozyme markers. In vitro insect bioassays demonstrated that the hybrids averaged a threefold reduction in leaf consumption by the CPB when compared to cultivated potatoes. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Cheng, Jianping AU - Saunders, JA AU - Sinden, S L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Build. 9, Rm. 5, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 90 EP - 95 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - leptines KW - somatic hybrid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - pest resistance KW - Coleoptera KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - protoplast fusion KW - resistance KW - Coccinellidae KW - Solanum chacoense KW - plant breeding KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - N 14679:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Colorado+potato+beetle+resistant+somatic+hybrid+potato+plants+produced+via+protoplast+electrofusion&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Jianping%3BSaunders%2C+JA%3BSinden%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Jianping&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; protoplast fusion; resistance; plant breeding; Coleoptera; Solanum tuberosum; Coccinellidae; Solanum chacoense; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variability of soil water retention functions in a silt loam soil AN - 16885566; 3801373 AB - Soil water characteristic curves are a prerequisite for quantifying the field soil water balance and predicting water flow in unsaturated soils. The spatial variation of water retention in the root zone influences water availability for plants, evaporation, and fluxes of water and solutes through soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a popular model for the soil water retention function to describe the spatial variability of measured retention data and to investigate the application of a water content scaling theory to reduce the apparent spatial variation of soil water retention. Using a combination of Tempe cells and 1.5-MPa pressure plate extractors, we measured soil water retention at six pressure heads. In total, 281 undisturbed soil core samples were taken from the Ap horizon (0 to 17-cm depth increments) along an 80-m transect on a bare silt loam soil at 0.30-cm intervals. Sample statistics were calculated to identify outliers and erroneous data. A four-parameter retention model ( theta sub(s), theta sub(r), alpha , n) was fitted to the data, and water content scale factors were also calculated. The soil water retention model was found to be extremely flexible in fitting the measured data. The parameters in the retention model showed a structured variance with a range of influence between 12 and 30. The number of parameters needed to characterize the field variability was 912 for the retention model. Scaling theory applied to the water retention data significantly reduced the apparent spatial variability. One scale factor also showed a structured variance, indicating a spatial correlation distance of greater than 30 m. Using the Akaike information criterion, we found that scaling theory could adequately represent the spatial variation in water retention with only 460 parameters. Sampling, calibration and/or experimental errors were thought to account for more than 50% of the total variability. JF - Soil Science AU - Shouse, P J AU - Russell, W B AU - Burden, D S AU - Selim, H M AU - Sisson, J B AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - USDA-ARES U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - unsaturated zone KW - water budget KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil horizons KW - evaporation KW - loam KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16885566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+of+soil+water+retention+functions+in+a+silt+loam+soil&rft.au=Shouse%2C+P+J%3BRussell%2C+W+B%3BBurden%2C+D+S%3BSelim%2C+H+M%3BSisson%2C+J+B%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Shouse&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; loam; soil horizons; evaporation; soil-water-plant relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaporation reduction with paper-pellet mulch AN - 16885432; 3801348 AB - Crop residue mulch reduces evaporation, but residue production by dryland crops may be inadequate to reduce evaporation effectively. An alternative material is waste paper for which disposal on agricultural land is being considered. A laboratory study compared evaporation from soil with paper-pellet or crop-residue mulch in two trials, each conducted for 21 days. In Trial I, small (4.8-mm diameter) and large (9.5-mm diameter) waste-paper pellets provided full cover or half that amount (on a weight basis). Large pellets at full cover reduced evaporation more than other treatments during most of the trial. Evaporation was reduced most on Day 4 when it was 0.52 of that with bare soil. Both half-cover treatments resulted in similar evaporation. At full cover, evaporation tended to be greater with small than with large pellets. In Trial II, evaporation with small and large pellets at full cover, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw at 0.60 kg m super(-2), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stover at 1.20 kg m super(-2), and bare soil were compared. Except with small pellets after Day 11, evaporation was significantly lower with mulch than with bare soil. Evaporation tended to be greater with small than with large pellets, similar for large pellets and wheat straw, and lower with sorghum than with other treatments on most days. Maximum evaporation reduction occurred on Day 1 with sorghum stover when it was 0.28 of that with bare soil. Use of paper-pellet mulch can reduce evaporation and thus increase water conservation. Technology improvements underway should make paper-pellet use on cropland practical. Waste paper use on cropland will require close attention to soil nutrient relations. JF - Compost Science & Utilization AU - Unger, P W AD - USDA/ARS Conserv. Production Res. Lab., Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 72 EP - 79 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1065-657X, 1065-657X KW - evaporation rates KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - agricultural practices KW - mulches KW - cultivated lands KW - composting KW - evapotranspiration KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16885432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.atitle=Evaporation+reduction+with+paper-pellet+mulch&rft.au=Unger%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mulches; composting; agricultural practices; cultivated lands; soil water; evapotranspiration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon allocation and partitioning in aspen clones varying in sensitivity to tropospheric ozone AN - 16884283; 3797793 AB - Clones of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were identified that differ in biomass production in response to O sub(3) exposure. super(14)Carbon tracer studies were used to determine if the differences in biomass response were linked to shifts in carbon allocation and carbon partitioning patterns. Rooted cuttings from three aspen Clones (216, O sub(3) tolerant; 271, intermediate; and 259, O sub(3) sensitive) were exposed to either charcoal-filtered air (CF) or an episodic, two-times-ambient O sub(3) profile (2x) in open-top chambers. Either recently mature or mature leaves were exposed to a 30-min super(14)C pulse and returned to the treatment chambers for a 48-h chase period before harvest. When photosynthetic data were used to convert percent super(14)C transported to the total amount of carbon transported on a mass basis, it was found that carbon transport was controlled more by photosynthesis in the source leaves than proportional changes in allocation to the sinks. Ozone decreased the total amount of carbon translocated to all sink tissue in the O sub(3)-sensitive Clone 259 because of decreases in photosynthesis in both recently mature and mature source leaves. In contrast, O sub(3) had no effect on carbon transport from recently mature leaves to lower shoots of either Clone 216 or 271, had no significant effect on transport to roots of Clone 216, and increased transport to roots of Clone 271. The O sub(3)-induced increase in transport to roots of Clone 271 was the result of a compensatory increase in upper leaf photosynthesis and a relatively greater shift in the percent of carbon allocated to roots. In contrast to those of Clone 271, recently mature leaves of Clone 216 maintained similar photosynthetic rates and allocation patterns in both the CF and O sub(3) treatments. We conclude that Clone 271 was more tolerant to O sub(3) exposure than Clone 216 or 259. Tolerance to chronic O sub(3) exposure was directly related to maintenance of high photosynthetic rates in recently mature leaves and retention of lower leaves. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Coleman, MD AU - Dickson, R E AU - Isebrands, J G AU - Karnosky, D F AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 898, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 593 EP - 604 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - ozone KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - carbon fixation KW - pollution effects KW - leaves KW - Populus tremuloides KW - D 04803:Pollution effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Carbon+allocation+and+partitioning+in+aspen+clones+varying+in+sensitivity+to+tropospheric+ozone&rft.au=Coleman%2C+MD%3BDickson%2C+R+E%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G%3BKarnosky%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Populus tremuloides; carbon fixation; biomass; leaves; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of neutrophil adhesion molecules and shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in milk of cortisol- and dexamethasone-treated cows AN - 16884221; 3794386 AB - The effects of 3 days of glucocorticoid administration on bovine blood neutrophil expression of L-selectin and CD18, and on the health status of mammary glands subclinically infected with Staphylococcus aureus were measured in 9 lactating Holsteins. The experiment was a 3 x 3 Latin square cross-over design, with 3 glucocorticoid treatments switched among groups of 3 cows/treatment during 3 periods. Treatments consisted of a vehicle (control, 10 ml of excipient/cow/d), cortisol (7.5, 15, and 7.5 mg/cow on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively), and dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight/cow/d for total daily dosages that ranged from 21.6 to 33.2 mg). Blood samples for immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis of L-selectin and CD18 and leukograms, as well as foremilk samples for determination of S. aureus shedding, somatic cell counts, protein and fat percentages, and daily milk yields were collected repeatedly before, during, and after treatment days. Dexamethasone caused a profound, acute, short-lived down-regulation of L-selectin on neutrophils, which correlated in time to leukocytosis, mature and immature neutrophilias, increased shedding of S. aureus in infected glands, and onset of high percentages of fat and protein and decreased milk yields. Dexamethasone also caused profound but delayed down-regulation of neutrophil CD18, which reached nadir simultaneously with reappearance of L-selectin-bearing neutrophils, normalized blood neutrophil counts, markedly high foremilk somatic cell counts and protein percentage, decreased S. aureus shedding in milk, and finally, expression of clinical mastitis in some infected quarters. Each of these variables had returned to control (vehicle) values by the ninth (and last) sample collection day. Although cortisol treatment also decreased expression of L-selectin and CD18 on neutrophils, dosages used in this study were not sufficient to alter the number of circulating cells or to convert subclinical mammary gland infections to clinical mastitis. These results suggest that mammary gland health status can be altered by sudden exposure of blood neutrophils to glucocorticoids, because these steroid hormones caused profound down-regulation of the adhesion molecules that direct neutrophil margination and migration through the vascular endothelium. The results also reinforce the potential disease risk of treating infected animals with potent synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Burton, J L AU - Kehrli, ME Jr AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Metab. Dis. and Immunol. Res. Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 997 EP - 1006 VL - 56 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - hydrocortisone KW - dexamethasone KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - molecules KW - cell adhesion KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+neutrophil+adhesion+molecules+and+shedding+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+milk+of+cortisol-+and+dexamethasone-treated+cows&rft.au=Burton%2C+J+L%3BKehrli%2C+ME+Jr&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; leukocytes (neutrophilic); cell adhesion; molecules ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of substituted fluorenes and fluorene analogs by Pseudomonas sp. strain F274 AN - 16884204; 3800827 AB - Pseudomonas sp. strain F274, previously shown to catabolize fluorene via fluorenone and its angular dioxygenation, 2',3'-dihydroxy-2-carboxybiphenyl, phthalate, and protocatechuate, was examined for its ability to transform substituted fluorenes and S- and N-heterocyclic analogs. Halogen- and methyl-substituted fluorenes were metabolized to correspondingly substituted phthalates via attack on the unsubstituted ring. In the case of 1-methylfluorene, initial oxidation of the methyl group to carboxyl prevented all other transformations but 9-monooxygenation. This strain also oxidized the S-heteroatoms and benzylic methylenic groups of fluorene analogs. No angular dioxygenation of S- and N-heterocycles was observed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Grifoll, M AU - Selifonov, SA AU - Chapman, P J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest. Prod. Lab., 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398 USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3490 EP - 3493 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fluorene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas KW - transformation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+substituted+fluorenes+and+fluorene+analogs+by+Pseudomonas+sp.+strain+F274&rft.au=Grifoll%2C+M%3BSelifonov%2C+SA%3BChapman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Grifoll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transformation; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Values for selected serum analytes during experimental Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection of channel catfish AN - 16884060; 3800416 AB - Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were exposed to a sublethal dose of infectious Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts, and eight serum analytes were measured. Sequential serum samples from each fish were collected for serum immediately before exposure, 4 d postexposure (PE), and 11 d PE. All fish developed moderately heavy infections with the parasite as indicated by the development of cutaneous lesions 5 d PE to infective theronts. Small but statistically significant changes in total protein, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase values occurred after acute infection with I. multifiliis. Serum concentrations of glucose, albumin, urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase remained constant, indicating little disturbance of liver or kidney functions detectable by a serum biochemical profile established during an acute infection with I. multifiliis. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Davis, S W AD - USDA/ARS, Fish Dis. Parasit. Res. Lab., POB 952, Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 262 EP - 264 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - aetiology KW - fish culture KW - fish diseases KW - freshwater aquaculture KW - haematology KW - protozoan diseases KW - serological studies KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - parasites KW - parasitic diseases KW - Ichthyophthirius multifiliis KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - aquaculture KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Values+for+selected+serum+analytes+during+experimental+Ichthyophthirius+multifiliis+infection+of+channel+catfish&rft.au=Davis%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - parasites; haematology; fish diseases; aquaculture; aetiology; parasitic diseases; fish culture; freshwater aquaculture; protozoan diseases; serological studies; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a microbial community of bacterial and yeast antagonists to control wound-invading postharvest pathogens of fruits AN - 16882810; 3800822 AB - Two antagonists, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the pink yeast Sporobolomyces roseus, against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) on apple controlled this disease more effectively when combined at approximately equal biomass (50:50 of the same turbidity) than in individual applications. Addition of L-asparagine enhanced the biocontrol effectiveness of P. syringae but decreased that of S. roseus and had no significant effect when the antagonists were combined. Populations of both antagonists increased in apple wounds and were further stimulated by the addition of L-asparagine. The carrying capacity of wounds for P. syringae was not affected by S. roseus. Populations of P. syringae in wounds inoculated individually or in a 50:50 mixture with S. roseus reached the same level after 3 days at 22 degree C. However, populations of S. roseus recovered after applications of the mixture were consistently lower than those recovered after individual applications. Similar effects were observed in in vitro tests in which populations of S. roseus grown in mixtures with P. syringae were consistently lower than those grown alone, while the populations of P. syringae were not affected by the presence of S. roseus. A total of 36 carbon and 35 nitrogen compounds were tested for utilization by both antagonists. Fourteen nitrogenous compounds were utilized by both P. syringae and S. roseus, and an additional nine compounds were utilized by P. syringae. S. roseus and P. syringae utilized 17 and 13 carbon sources, respectively; 9 sources were common to both antagonists. Populations of these antagonists in apple wounds appear to form a relatively stable community dominated by P. syringae. This domination is probably due to the greater ability of this organism to utilize nitrogen sources, which is the limiting growth factor in carbon-rich apple wounds. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Bors, B AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3261 EP - 3267 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sporobolomyces roseus KW - disease resistance KW - community composition KW - bacteria KW - post-harvest decay KW - fungicides KW - yeasts KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+microbial+community+of+bacterial+and+yeast+antagonists+to+control+wound-invading+postharvest+pathogens+of+fruits&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BBors%2C+B&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; community composition; bacteria; post-harvest decay; fungicides; yeasts; Sporobolomyces roseus; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New polymeric model substrates for the study of microbial ligninolysis AN - 16882139; 3800820 AB - Lignin model dimers are valuable tools for the elucidation of microbial ligninolytic mechanisms, but their low molecular weight (MW) makes them susceptible to nonligninolytic intracellular metabolism. To address this problem, we prepared lignin models in which unlabeled and alpha - super(14)C-labeled beta -O-4-linked dimers were covalently attached to 8,000-MW polyethylene glycol (PEG) or to 45,000-MW polystyrene (PS). The water-soluble PEG-linked model was mineralized extensively in liquid medium and in solid wood cultures by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, whereas the water-insoluble PS-linked model was not. Gel permeation chromatography showed that P. chrysosporium degraded the PEG-linked model by cleaving its lignin dimer substructure rather than its PEG moiety. C sub( alpha )-C sub( beta ) cleavage was the major fate of the PEG-linked model after incubation with P. chrysosporium in vivo and also after oxidation with P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase in vitro. The brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, which unlike P. chrysosporium lacks a vigorous extracellular ligninolytic system, was unable to degrade the PEG-linked model efficiently. These results show that PEG-linked lignin models are a marked improvement over the low-MW models that have been used in the past. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kawai, S AU - Jensen, KA Jr AU - Bao, W AU - Hammel, KE AD - USDA Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3407 EP - 3414 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lignin KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - degradation KW - Gloeophyllum trabeum KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=New+polymeric+model+substrates+for+the+study+of+microbial+ligninolysis&rft.au=Kawai%2C+S%3BJensen%2C+KA+Jr%3BBao%2C+W%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Kawai&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Gloeophyllum trabeum; degradation; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring, classification, and characterization of interior Alaska forests using AIRSAR and ERS-1 SAR AN - 16881300; 3795443 AB - At the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest (BCEF), past ecological research has been directed at forest successional processes on the floodplain of the Tanana River and adjacent uplands. Research at the Bonanza Creek site continues on the mosaic of forests, shrublands, and wetlands in a wide variety of successional stages on the Tanana floodplain. This paper reviews research since 1988 into the capabilities of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for monitoring, classification, and characterization of these forests using radar remote sensing and modelling techniques. Classifications of successional stages, obtained by use of different classifiers on multi-frequency and multi-polarimetric AIRSAR data, are contrasted; these classifications have been used to predict classification accuracies obtained with ERS-1 data, and to estimate the utility of an ERS-1 and RADARSAT combination for classification. Forest classifications, used in combination with ground-truth data for more than 50 forest stands, are used to summarize the distribution of biomass on the landscape. This will allow projections of future biomass. Monitoring of forest phenology, seasonality of flooding, and freeze-thaw transitions is ongoing. Also, direct monitoring of dominant tree species is demonstrating diurnal variation and interrelationships among environmental, physiological, and backscatter measurements. JF - Polar Record AU - Williams, CL AU - McDonald, K AU - Rignot, E AU - Viereck, LA AU - Way, J B AU - Zimmermann, R AD - Inst. North. For., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 227 EP - 234 VL - 31 IS - 177 SN - 0032-2474, 0032-2474 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Alaska KW - succession KW - classification KW - flood plains KW - remote sensing KW - D 04140:Taiga/tundra KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16881300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Record&rft.atitle=Monitoring%2C+classification%2C+and+characterization+of+interior+Alaska+forests+using+AIRSAR+and+ERS-1+SAR&rft.au=Williams%2C+CL%3BMcDonald%2C+K%3BRignot%2C+E%3BViereck%2C+LA%3BWay%2C+J+B%3BZimmermann%2C+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=177&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polar+Record&rft.issn=00322474&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; forests; succession; flood plains; remote sensing; classification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scaling of soil water retention using a fractal model AN - 16880940; 3801367 AB - A quantitative description of the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties is increasingly important, especially in simulations of soil water regimes. The objective of this study was to use a fractal concept to quantify and simulate the spatial variability of water retention of fine textured soils over a wide range of soil matric potentials. To scale water retention data, we assumed fractal self-similarity of pore volume and derived an equation of the water retention curve in the form of the probability integral. Experimental data on water retention were obtained on sand-kaoline plates and above saturated salt solutions in the ranges of the soil matric potential from -50 to -1 kJ m super(-3) and from -140 to -20 MJ m super(-3), respectively, for chernozem soil (Typic Haploboroll, clay loam) sampled over a 12,000 m super(2) area and for dark chestnut soil (Ustolic Orthid, loam) sampled over a 1500 m super(2) area. The resulting formulae gave a good fit of water retention data. The spatial variability of water retention could be described by the spatial variability of the single dimension-less parameter. Pore fractal dimension could be considered constant over the areas of sampling for both soils. JF - Soil Science AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Shcherbakov, R A AU - Korsunskaya, L P AD - USDA-ARS, Systems Res. Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 99 EP - 104 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - fractals KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - mathematical analysis KW - soil texture KW - soil properties KW - data interpretation KW - hydraulic properties KW - experimental data KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16880940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Scaling+of+soil+water+retention+using+a+fractal+model&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+YA%3BShcherbakov%2C+R+A%3BKorsunskaya%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=YA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data interpretation; soil water; hydraulic properties; soil properties; soil texture; experimental data; mathematical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of intracellular amylase activity in Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus salivarius AN - 16880756; 3793576 AB - The ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis has been demonstrated to produce an extracellular amylase activity. We previously reported on the cloning of a gene from S. bovis encoding for what was initially believed to be the extracellular amylase. DNA sequence analyses indicated that the amylase produced by the cloned gene did not match the N-terminus amino acid sequence of the purified extracellular amylase and contained no apparent leader sequence for secretion. Analyses of crude extracts demonstrated the presence of an intracellular amylase in S. bovis JB1 that differed in molecular weight (56,000) from that of the extracellular amylase (70,000). The 56,000 molecular weight amylase was identical to the amylase produced by Escherichia coli containing the cloned amylase gene. Low levels of intracellular amylase activity were also detected in other strains of S. bovis and also Streptococcus salivarius. Introduction of the plasmid pVA838 containing the cloned amylase gene into S. bovis and S. sanguis resulted in enhanced intracellular amylase production by both organisms. The amylase gene has been sequenced, and analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence for the amylase indicates a high degree of similarity with secreted amylases from Bacillus species. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Cotta, MA AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 143 EP - 148 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - amylase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - cloning KW - genes KW - molecular weight KW - Streptococcus salivarius KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16880756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+intracellular+amylase+activity+in+Streptococcus+bovis+and+Streptococcus+salivarius&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R%3BCotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; Streptococcus salivarius; molecular weight; genes; cloning; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analytical solution for predicting solute transport during ponded infiltration AN - 16880509; 3801363 AB - An analytical solution is presented for one-dimensional solute transport in soil during ponded infiltration. The pore-water velocity v = q/ theta in the convection-dispersion transport equation was obtained by assuming that the water flux density q in the soil can be calculated with the Green-Ampt infiltration model, q = a + b/I, in which a and b are constants and I is the cumulative infiltration rate evaluated using Philip's two-term infiltration equation. The water content theta was approximated by the saturated water content, theta sub(s). Through an appropriate transformation, the solute transport equation for transient unsaturated flow conditions was linearized and solved analytically for a general initial concentration profile given by an arbitrary number of straight line segments. The solution compared well with more complete numerical solutions of the transport problem, as well as with several experimental data sets. JF - Soil Science AU - Huang, K AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA/ARS, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 217 EP - 223 VL - 159 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Green-Ampt equation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - solute transport KW - agricultural chemicals KW - infiltration KW - path of pollutants KW - interstitial water KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16880509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=An+analytical+solution+for+predicting+solute+transport+during+ponded+infiltration&rft.au=Huang%2C+K%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solute transport; infiltration; soil water; interstitial water; agricultural chemicals; path of pollutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthetic gas exchange among populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa in different environments AN - 16879543; 3801192 AB - Seedlings representing 25 populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii and 26 populations of Pinus ponderosa were grown in a common garden in Moscow, ID, USA. The seeds were collected across the natural distribution of each species, at altitudes ranging from 170 to 2774 m above sea level, latitudes from 33 degree N to 53 degree N, and longitudes from 105 degree W to 124 degree W. Lipid-free seeds from mother trees and leaf tissue from the 2-year-old progeny were analysed. The design enabled us not only to measure genetically determined variation in carbon isotope discrimination ( Delta ) and gas exchange characteristics but also to compare performance in the common garden and in situ. In the common garden, significant population variation in Delta , gas exchange and specific leaf area was detected among seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Coastal, low-altitude genotypes had significantly lower Delta than interior, high-altitude genotypes. In Pinus ponderosa, populations varied only in specific leaf area. These broadly distributed sympatric species differ in genetic structure with respect to gas-exchange characteristics. In the common garden, high Delta of both species was associated with high stomatal conductance relative to photosynthetic rate. Specific leaf area, although strongly correlated with Delta , varied in the wrong direction to explain variation in Delta . In situ Delta was correlated with both altitude and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in Pseudotsuga menziesii (r super(2)=0.42, P=0.002 and r super(2)=0.25, P0.77 and r super(2)=0.06, P>0.21 for altitude and VPD, respectively). Foliage Delta from the progeny grown in the common garden was significantly correlated, in both species, with Delta of the in situ maternal photosynthate in the seeds; however, the correlation was negative in Pseudotsuga menziesii and positive in Pinus ponderosa. The negative correlation indicates a strong acclimatory response, perhaps to VPD, in Pseudotsuga menziesii. Altitudinal decreases in intercellular CO sub(2) partial pressures inferred from isotopic data were insufficient to compensate for increased VPD. Photosynthetic water-use efficiency (net photosynthesis/transpiration) was estimated to decrease by two- to fourfold from sea level to 2800 m altitude within the distribution limits of these species. JF - Functional Ecology AU - Zhang, J W AU - Marshall, J D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Cent. Semiarid Agrofor., East Campus-UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0822, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 402 EP - 412 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0269-8463, 0269-8463 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - altitude KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - gas exchange KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+Ecology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+carbon+isotope+discrimination+and+photosynthetic+gas+exchange+among+populations+of+Pseudotsuga+menziesii+and+Pinus+ponderosa+in+different+environments&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J+W%3BMarshall%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+Ecology&rft.issn=02698463&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus ponderosa; altitude; gas exchange ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and molecular detection of the P4 pathotype of pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus AN - 16879535; 3794621 AB - The New York isolate of pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) pathotype P4 was differentiated from the more prevalent PSbMV-P1 pathotype on selected pea cultivars, serologically and by sequence-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PSbMV-P4 was seed-transmissible at much lower rates than P1 (0 to 0.7% versus 0 to 32%) in selected pea cultivars and was not detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in reproductive tissues (pollen or embryo axes) of pea, whereas P1 was readily detectable in these tissues. P4 also was aphid-transmitted at lower rates (4 to 16%) than those of P1 (11 to 40%) and had distinct virus acquisition-time optima. RT-PCR detected approximately 10 pg of P4 RNA per 1.0 mu g of total nucleic acids from P4-infected tissues and provided positive pathotype identification in single or mixed infections. RT-PCR and pathotype-selective ELISA were used to determine seed-transmission rates of the two pathotypes in seedling progeny of pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars inoculated with P1, P4, or P1 + P4. There were slight variations in the frequency of P1 seed transmission in the presence of P4; P4 seed-transmission rates did not increase in the presence of P1. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kohnen, P D AU - Johansen, I E AU - Hampton, RO AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 789 EP - 793 VL - 85 IS - 7 SN - 3331-949X, 3331-949X KW - pea seedborne mosaic virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - potyvirus KW - Pisum sativum KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+molecular+detection+of+the+P4+pathotype+of+pea+seedborne+mosaic+potyvirus&rft.au=Kohnen%2C+P+D%3BJohansen%2C+I+E%3BHampton%2C+RO&rft.aulast=Kohnen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=3331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; potyvirus; Pisum sativum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demography of a high-density coyote population AN - 16879313; 3795363 AB - The demography of a lightly exploited population of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Webb County, Texas, which has had historically high densities, was described from 1976 to 1986. The population fluctuated at high abundance, except for a decline in 1981-1982 following an epizootic of canine parvovirus. Sex ratios were even. Population natality was low, as only 39% of females had viable fetuses. Natality of yearlings (1.5-2.0 year) was lower and more variable than among adults ( greater than or equal to 2.5 years). Juvenile (0.8 year) females rarely ovulated. A comparison among 33 radiotelemetered females in 1985 indicated that only territorial adults produced viable fetuses. The proportion of juveniles in spring averaged 0.34. Indices of juvenile survival from birth to the following spring varied from 0.09 to 0.73. Annual survival rates of adults (0.64-0.73) were high and constant. The annual population growth rate (spring to spring) was correlated positively with prey abundance in the preceding winter and negatively with coyote abundance at the beginning of each annual period. Although failure to ovulate and juvenile mortality were identified as key factors in annual variation in population loss, variability in natality among yearlings was identified as the demographic variable associated with relative abundance of coyotes and prey. Body condition of coyotes, as indexed by body mass and internal fat, was not poorer during years of low prey abundance. Interactions between social organization and food availability were implicated in regulation of the lightly exploited high-density population. JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie AU - Windberg, LA AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5295, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 942 EP - 954 VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4301, 0008-4301 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - food availability KW - demography KW - population density KW - social organization KW - USA, Texas KW - Canis latrans KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.atitle=Demography+of+a+high-density+coyote+population&rft.au=Windberg%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Windberg&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.issn=00084301&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; USA, Texas; population density; demography; food availability; social organization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bleu cheese flavor production by submerged fermentation with on-line monitoring by gas chromatography AN - 16879212; 3792385 AB - Eight cultures of Penicillium roqueforti and related species were compared in shake-flask cultures on the basis of aroma. P. decumbens IFO 7091 was chosen as having the aroma closest to real Bleu cheese, and was used for fermentation studies. Gas chromatography was employed to obtain a continuous record of 2-pentanone concentration in the fermentor. Methyl ketones are characteristic of Bleu cheese flavor, and a subjective correlation was observed between the aroma of the fermentor off-gas and the 2-pentanone concentration measured. Cell growth and milk fat utilization increased consistently with increasing agitation and aeration, but 2-pentanone production did not correlate with growth and was maximum at intermediate values of agitation and aeration. The maximum 2-pentanone concentration, 100 ppm, was approximately ten times the concentration in Bleu cheese on a dry solids basis. Production of Bleu cheese flavor by submerged fermentation offers the opportunity for a new commercial value-added product from butterfat. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Taylor, F AD - Eng. Sci. Res. Unit, USDA/ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid La., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Solid-state fermentation KW - bleu cheese KW - 2-pentanone KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - gas chromatography KW - Penicillium decumbens KW - cheese flavor KW - Penicillium roqueforti KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Bleu+cheese+flavor+production+by+submerged+fermentation+with+on-line+monitoring+by+gas+chromatography&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium roqueforti; Penicillium decumbens; gas chromatography; cheese flavor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyfluthrin persistence in soil as affected by moisture, organic matter, and redox potential AN - 16879052; 3800637 AB - Cyfluthrin (CYFLU) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with agricultural and household, hygienic, and turf/ornamental uses. CYFLU is nonsystemic and is particularly effective against chewing insects, but is extremely toxic to fish and bees. Published degradation/persistence studies with CYFLU are limited. Noble and Hamilton (1985) reported that CYFLU used in grain storage breaks down slowly over a 52-week period under normal conditions of moisture and temperature. At higher moisture levels and temperatures, CYFLU loss is faster. Residues of CYFLU on strawberries (Fragaria sp.) 7 days after the last of 3 weekly applications at 0.015 kg a.i. ha super(-1) were reported to be less than the acceptable maximum tolerance of 0.1 mg kg super(-1). In a study designed to determine the effects of acid rain and ozone on insecticidal efficacy against gypsy moth larvae [Lymantria dispar (L.)] on tree seedlings, CYFLU appeared to be more resistant to degradation from atmospheric deposition than trichlorphon. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Smith, S Jr AU - Willis, G H AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sediment. Lab., Water Qual. and Ecol. Processes Res. Unit, P.O. Box 1157, Airport Road, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 142 EP - 148 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - cyfluthrin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - insecticides KW - pollutant persistence KW - organic matter KW - soil KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Cyfluthrin+persistence+in+soil+as+affected+by+moisture%2C+organic+matter%2C+and+redox+potential&rft.au=Smith%2C+S+Jr%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; pollutant persistence; insecticides; organic matter; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of great blue heron depredations on channel catfish farms AN - 16878328; 3793461 AB - With the growth of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus production in the Delta Region of Mississippi over the last 30 years have come concurrent depredation problems caused by great blue herons Ardea herodias. Biomass in stomachs from herons collected at catfish farms averaged 41% catfish, 38% sunfish Lepomis sp., 17% shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and 4% gambusia Gambusia sp.; whereas observations of herons foraging indicated that 45% of the prey taken were gambusia. Our observational data indicate that herons take an average of 12 10-cm catfish fingerlings daily. The diurnal density of foraging herons on catfish ponds averaged 0.17 herons/ha in 1990, which means that the average 127-ha farm supports approximately 22 herons. Nocturnal foraging, especially on dark nights, appears to be minimal. If our data are approximately correct, the average catfish farm could be losing $30/ha per yr to herons, assuming that this catfish fingerling mortality can be attributed solely to heron depredation. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Stickley, AR Jr AU - Glahn, J F AU - King, JO AU - King, D T AD - USDA, Anim. Plant Health Inspect. Ser., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Mississippi Res. Stn., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 194 EP - 199 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Ardea herodias KW - aquatic birds KW - fish culture KW - predation KW - aquaculture economics KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - pond culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Impact+of+great+blue+heron+depredations+on+channel+catfish+farms&rft.au=Stickley%2C+AR+Jr%3BGlahn%2C+J+F%3BKing%2C+JO%3BKing%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Stickley&rft.aufirst=AR&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; predation; fish culture; aquaculture economics; pond culture; Ardea herodias; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance of gulls and other birds at landfills in northern Ohio AN - 16877802; 3794447 AB - We estimated the abundance of birds at three landfills in northern Ohio from May 1991-July 1992 recording 699,350 individuals of 42 species. Gulls (Larus spp.) comprised 94.5% of the birds recorded followed by European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, 5.0%) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura, 0.3%). Gulls were primarily of two species, ring-billed (L. delawarensis, 74.49%) and herring (L. argentatus, 25.50%). The mean number of gulls per observation during July-January was at least five times the mean number observed during other months. The combined monthly mean number of gulls at the three landfills peaked in August (>4000 birds), with gulls virtually absent in February. Total numbers, species composition and age composition of gulls varied seasonally in response to breeding, foraging and migratory behavior of local and regional populations. More than 98% of gulls observed were recorded on or within 30 m of the ground. A mean of one plus or minus 17 (SD) gulls per observation were observed soaring at >300 m elevation over the landfills. Species composition and seasonal abundance of birds varied considerably among the three landfills, even though they were operated similarly and were in close proximity to each other. To adequately assess the use of landfills by gulls and other birds, studies lasting greater than or equal to 1 year are required. Furthermore, the results from one landfill cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other landfills in the same region. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Belant, J L AU - Seamans, T W AU - Gabrey, S W AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 30 EP - 40 VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - habitat utilization KW - population status KW - seasonality KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - community composition KW - Freshwater KW - Aves KW - habitat KW - Larus KW - seasonal variations KW - USA, Ohio KW - abundance KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08361:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16877802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Abundance+of+gulls+and+other+birds+at+landfills+in+northern+Ohio&rft.au=Belant%2C+J+L%3BSeamans%2C+T+W%3BGabrey%2C+S+W%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Belant&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; habitat; seasonality; seasonal variations; abundance; habitat utilization; population status; Aves; Larus; USA, Ohio; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of body size and age of Aedes albopictus on human host attack rates and the repellency of deet AN - 16877431; 3796048 AB - Human host attack rates and the repellency of deet (25% in ethanol) to nulliparous Aedes albopictus in the laboratory were significantly influenced (P = 0.05) by mosquito age and body size and by the interaction of age and body size. Host attack rates were higher for 20-day- (24.5%) and 15-day-old females (22.9%) than for 10- (15.1%) and 5-day-old females (11.0%), regardless of body size, and for large females (22.2%) compared with small females (16.6%), regardless of mosquito age. Deet on human skin repelled small-bodied females longer (3.87 h) than large females (2.31 h); 15-day-old females were repelled longer (3.75 h) than 5- (2.33 h), 10- (3.08 h), or 20-day-old females (3.07 h), regardless of body size. Host attack rates and deet repellency among 15-day-old parous and 15-day-old nulliparous large- and small-bodied female Ae. albopictus were similar but deet repellency was less (by approximately 2 h) against large females compared with small-bodied females. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Xue, Rui-De AU - Barnard AU - Schreck, CE AD - USDA/ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 50 EP - 53 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - aquatic insects KW - feeding behaviour KW - humans KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - feeding KW - Culicidae KW - body size KW - Freshwater KW - Aedes albopictus KW - repellents KW - age KW - Diptera KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16877431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Influence+of+body+size+and+age+of+Aedes+albopictus+on+human+host+attack+rates+and+the+repellency+of+deet&rft.au=Xue%2C+Rui-De%3BBarnard%3BSchreck%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Rui-De&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - age; feeding behaviour; feeding; body size; aquatic insects; repellents; Culicidae; Diptera; Aedes albopictus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterobacter cloacae is an endophytic symbiont of corn AN - 16876221; 3794736 AB - The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae is presently used for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and as a preplant seed treatment for suppression of damping-off. This bacterium has apparent affinities for several grass species, but it is not considered to be an endophyte. While screening corn for fungi and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of various corn diseases, the surface-sterilized kernels of one unknown Italian corn cultivar produced fungus-free corn seedlings with roots endophytically infected by E. cloacae. This paper describes the microscopic nature of E. cloacae RRC 101 with corn, and the in vitro control of Fusarium moniliforme and other fungi with this bacterium. Light and electron microscopy determined that this isolate of E. cloacae was biologically associated with corn seedling roots, where it was distributed intercellularly within the cortex and stele. This is a first report of a strain of this bacterium as an endophytic symbiont of roots. Following a topical application of E. cloacae to kernels, and upon germination this bacterium readily infected roots of two other corn cultivars. The bacterium was observed within the endosperm of germinating corn seedling, but germination was not affected. Further, the bacterium was isolated from leaves and stems of 3- to 6-week-old seedlings indicating that the above ground portions of corn were also colonized. There was no evidence of damage to cells of the root during a three to four week observation period. This bacterium was antagonistic to several isolates of the corn pathogen Fusarium moniliforme, and to two other species of fungi, all of which produce mycotoxins on corn. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Hinton, D M AU - Bacon, C W AD - USDA/ARS, Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Russell Res. Cent., Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 117 EP - 125 VL - 129 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - seedling blight KW - biological control KW - endophytes KW - symbiosis KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - Zea mays KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Enterobacter+cloacae+is+an+endophytic+symbiont+of+corn&rft.au=Hinton%2C+D+M%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter cloacae; Zea mays; endophytes; symbiosis; biological control; seedling blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene action in wheat cultivars for durable, high-temperature, adult-plant resistance and interaction with race-specific, seedling resistance to Puccinia striiformis AN - 16876154; 3793070 AB - Stephens and Druchamp wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars have both durable, high-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) resistance and race-specific, seedling resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis. Gene action for the HTAP resistance was studied in parental and F sub(1), F sub(2), and backcross populations from reciprocal crosses among Stephens, Druchamp, Paha (a cultivar with race-specific resistance), and Michigan Amber (a susceptible cultivar) using stripe rust intensity data from the field transformed to area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Based on a joint scaling test, the additive component for HTAP resistance was significant for both Stephens and Druchamp. When HTAP resistance was effective and seedling resistance was ineffective in the same parent, the dominant component and the additive-additive, additive, additive-dominant, and dominant-dominant epistatic interactions contributed significantly to HTAP resistance in Druchamp but not in Stephens. When HTAP resistance and seedling resistance were effective in the same parent, the dominant component and additive-additive and dominant-dominant epistatic interactions were significant in both Stephens and Druchamp and the additive-dominant epistatic interaction was significant in Stephens but not in Druchamp. When HTAP resistance was effective in one parent and seedling resistance was effective in the other parent, the dominant component and the additive-additive and dominant-dominant epistatic interactions were significant in the Druchamp crosses but not in the Stephens crosses. When HTAP resistance was effective in both parents, the additive and dominant components were detected at the Mount Vernon, WA, site but not the Pullman, WA, site. A constant cytoplasmic effect and a cytoplasm-dominance interaction were significant in reciprocal crosses of Stephens with Paha inoculated with race CDL-29; HTAP resistance was greater when Stephens was the female parent. A cytoplasm-additive gene interaction was significant in the reciprocal crosses of Druchamp with Paha tested with race CDL-25. Based on the gene action of HTAP resistance and its interactions with seedling resistance, it should be possible to exploit both HTAP and seedling resistances in breeding programs and in crosses; Stephens and Druchamp should be used as female parents to obtain the highest HTAP resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chen, Xianming AU - Line, R F AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., Washington State Univ., ARS/USDA, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 567 EP - 572 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia striiformis KW - disease resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - yellow rust KW - races KW - plant breeding KW - seedlings KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Gene+action+in+wheat+cultivars+for+durable%2C+high-temperature%2C+adult-plant+resistance+and+interaction+with+race-specific%2C+seedling+resistance+to+Puccinia+striiformis&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xianming%3BLine%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xianming&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; races; yellow rust; plant breeding; seedlings; Puccinia striiformis; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of streambank erosion due to bed degradation with vegetation and structure AN - 16876060; 3794754 AB - Combinations of vegetation and structure were applied to control streambank erosion along incised stream channels in northwest Mississippi. Eleven sites along seven channels with contributing drainage areas ranging from 12-300 km super(2) were used for testing. Tested configurations included eroding banks protected by vegetation alone, vegetation with structural toe protection, vegetation planted on re-graded banks, and vegetation planted on regraded banks with toe protection. Monitoring continued for up to 10 years, and casual observation for up to 18 years. Sixteen woody and 13 nonwoody species were tested. Native woody species, particularly willow, appear to be best adapted to streambank environments. Sericea lespedeza and Alamo switchgrass were the best nonwoody species tested. Vegetation succeeded in reaches where the bed was not degrading, competition from kudzu was absent, and bank slopes were stabilized by grading or toe protection. Natural vegetation invaded planted and unplanted stable banks composed of fertile soils. Designs involving riprap toe protection in the form of a longitudinal dike and woody vegetation appeared to be most cost-effective. The exotic vine kudzu presents perhaps the greatest long-term obstacle to restoring stable, functional riparian zones along incised channels in our region. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Bowie, A J AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 475 EP - 490 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - streambanks KW - streambeds KW - riparian vegetation KW - bank protection KW - stream stabilization KW - channel improvements KW - bank stabilization KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion control KW - USA, Mississippi KW - vegetation KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Control+of+streambank+erosion+due+to+bed+degradation+with+vegetation+and+structure&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BBowie%2C+A+J%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion control; streambeds; vegetation; riparian vegetation; bank protection; stream stabilization; bank stabilization; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Phytophthora infestans isolates and development of late blight on tomato in Taiwan AN - 16875952; 3792176 AB - Thirteen isolates of Phytophthora infestans were grown on various solidified media. Growth of all isolates was best on rye A agar. Mean sporangia length and width ranged from 23.5 to 41.7 mu m x 13.9 to 23.4 mu m, respectively, with a length/width ratio of 1.69 to 1.92. All isolates were A1 mating type and all isolates, except one isolate from potato, were classified race T1 because blight developed on three tomato lines with the Ph1 resistance gene. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) differed significantly (P < 0.05) by isolate on both detached tomato leaflets and pot-cultured seedlings. Isolate Pi11 from potato had the lowest AUDPC values on detached leaves and seedlings. Late blight occurred on tomato seedlings transplanted monthly in the central highlands of Taiwan with greatest disease severity from March to June. Field-grown tomatoes sprayed with metalaxyl once and twice per week reduced late blight AUDPC values, decreased yield losses, and increased fruit numbers, compared with the results from fewer or no sprays. Disease, measured as AUDPC, correlated negatively (P < 0.05) to yield (r = -0.82) and number of fruit (r = -0.76). JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AD - USDA/ARS, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801-4709, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 849 EP - 852 VL - 79 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Taiwan KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - late blight KW - plant diseases KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16875952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Phytophthora+infestans+isolates+and+development+of+late+blight+on+tomato+in+Taiwan&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora infestans; Lycopersicon esculentum; Taiwan; plant diseases; late blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight behavior of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths under low wind speed conditions AN - 16875734; 3795210 AB - Studies were conducted to develop technologies to observe movement behavior, within range of visual observation ( less than or equal to m above ground level), of newly emerged Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) adults and to describe the flight behavior of moths from 6 age or previous activity categories. Moths were released and tracked using a 4-wheel all terrain vehicle, night vision equipment, and auxiliary infrared lighting. Movement, flight behavior, and weather parameters were recorded as moths moved from the take-off site. Observations at Lane, OK, during 1988 indicated that moths tracked on the night after emergence were observable longer than other moth categories. Moths released 1 and 2 nights after emergence were lost primarily because of altitude (>100 m above ground level). Shortly after take-off, moths exhibited spiral flight up to a mean altitude of approximately 50 m, and female moths ascended at a sharper angle and faster than males. Subsequently, the angle and rate of ascent decreased and relatively straight, more oriented flight was assumed. Differences in means of observed moth and calculated moth velocity indicated moths were heading crosswise or even into the wind to counter drift (crabbing) during flight. The moths crabbed positively (mean = 81.8 plus or minus 18.4) to east-northeast winds on 1 night and negatively (mean = -134.2 plus or minus 19.1) to east-southeast winds on another night to obtain a preferred direction to the west. Plots of crab angles with respect to wind speeds suggest that orientation of the moths became increasingly upwind with increasing wind speed. Changes in crab angles with respect to wind speed indicated that there was less variation among crab angles as wind speed increased. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lingren, P D AU - Raulston, J R AU - Popham, T W AU - Wolf, W W AU - Lingren, P S AU - Esquivel, J F AD - Southern Plains Area, Area-Wide Pest Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 2771 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 851 EP - 860 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - wind KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - flight KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25663:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16875734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Flight+behavior+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+moths+under+low+wind+speed+conditions&rft.au=Lingren%2C+P+D%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BPopham%2C+T+W%3BWolf%2C+W+W%3BLingren%2C+P+S%3BEsquivel%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Lingren&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; flight; wind ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactions of Solanaceous species to Pseudocercospora fuligena, the causal agent of tomato black leaf mold AN - 16875302; 3791217 AB - A total of 137 accessions representing 26 species and five genera of solanaceous plants were inoculated with Pseudocercospora fuligena, the causal agent of tomato black leaf mold, under controlled conditions (growth room) and in the field. Twenty of 26 species developed symptoms after inoculation under controlled conditions. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) developed symptoms when inoculated under controlled conditions, but not in the field. Ground cherry (Physalis sp.), five Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars, and eight tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines remained symptomless following inoculation both under controlled conditions and in the field. Of 40 pepper accessions representing four species of Capsicum tested under controlled conditions, 32 developed lesions and eight were symptomless. Of 33 eggplant (Solanum melongena) accessions and related species representing seven Solanum spp. tested under controlled conditions, 24 developed symptoms and nine were symptomless. Two commercial eggplant cultivars, Pingtung Long and Farmers Long, were highly susceptible under controlled conditions and in the field. Among 46 Lycopersicon accessions representing 10 species that were evaluated, accessions of L. esculentum were the most susceptible and accessions of L. hirsutum were the most resistant. Five Lycopersicon spp., three Solanum spp., and four Capsicum spp. are reported as new hosts of P. fuligena. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wang, T C AU - Hartman, G L AU - Hsieh, W H AU - Black, L L AD - USDA/ARS, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 661 EP - 665 VL - 79 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - tomato black leaf mold KW - Pseudocercospora fuligena KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Lycopersicon KW - Capsicum KW - leaf mold KW - Solanum melongena KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Physalis KW - Solanum nigrum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - susceptibility KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16875302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Reactions+of+Solanaceous+species+to+Pseudocercospora+fuligena%2C+the+causal+agent+of+tomato+black+leaf+mold&rft.au=Wang%2C+T+C%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BHsieh%2C+W+H%3BBlack%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum nigrum; Physalis; Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum melongena; Capsicum; Lycopersicon; leaf mold; susceptibility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of binomial egg mass sampling plans for low density gypsy moth populations in continuously forested habitats AN - 16874549; 3795513 AB - The use of binomial sampling for low density (<618 egg masses per hectare) gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations in continuously forested habitats was examined. Fixed- and variable-radius plot egg mass samples were collected in 28 study areas in Virginia, Maryland, and Massachusetts. A model was fit to the egg mass density and the proportion of trees with zero egg masses. Binomial sampling plans were developed for sample sizes of 9, 16, 49, and 98 samples within a 9-ha plot and compared with complete counts determined by fixed- and variable-radius plot samples. The relative efficiency, the relative variability along with the total cost of obtaining a sample, of the binomial method was much lower than the fixed- and variable-radius plot method for the sample sizes of 49 and 98. For the sample sizes of 9 and 16, binomial sampling reduced the time required to take a sample but population estimates had unacceptable precision. Therefore, binomial sampling was determined not to be an effective sampling method for low density gypsy moth populations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Carter, J L AU - Ravlin, F W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., 51 Mill Pond Rd., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 890 EP - 896 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - population density KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - eggs KW - sampling KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16874549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+binomial+egg+mass+sampling+plans+for+low+density+gypsy+moth+populations+in+continuously+forested+habitats&rft.au=Carter%2C+J+L%3BRavlin%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=890&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; sampling; eggs; population density; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant parameter database for erosion prediction models AN - 16874543; 3799596 AB - Recently developed erosion prediction models require detailed input parameters including those describing cropping systems. Each model requires a different level of detail for crop growth modeling, and most plant parameters for these models are not readily found. Many parameters require interpretation from other measurable plant characteristics. In order to supply the users of these new erosion prediction technologies with required parameters, a database containing measurable plant characteristics was developed. The two erosion prediction models that the database currently supports are the USDA Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). A Microsoft registered Windows super(TM)-based program, the Crop Parameter Intelligent Database System (CPIDS), was developed to assist crop database builders and users of RUSLE and WEPP in interpretation of plant characteristics and selection of plant parameters. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Deer-Ascough, LA AU - Weesies, G A AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Laflen, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res. Unit, Fed. Bldg., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 659 EP - 666 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - databases KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - erosion KW - erosion control KW - computer models KW - plants KW - data storage and retrieval KW - crops KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 8020:Reference and retrieval KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16874543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Plant+parameter+database+for+erosion+prediction+models&rft.au=Deer-Ascough%2C+LA%3BWeesies%2C+G+A%3BAscough%2C+JC+II%3BLaflen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Deer-Ascough&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; erosion; model studies; crops; computer models; erosion control; data storage and retrieval ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new gene in maize conferring the "chlorotic halo" reaction to infection by Exserohilum turcicum AN - 16874501; 3791220 AB - During recurrent selection in the maize synthetic BS19, S sub(1) lines exhibiting a unique lesion phenotype in response to infection with Exserohilum turcicum were observed. This phenotype, dubbed "chlorotic halo," initially appears as dark orange-brown pigmented infection points that are later surrounded by a circular chlorotic halo about 1 cm in diameter. Most infection points retain this phenotype, although some later develop into the elongated, elliptical necrotic lesions typical of northern leaf blight (NLB). An inbred line derived from this initial selection was crossed to the susceptible inbred line A619 and the inheritance of the chlorotic halo reaction studied in advanced generations from this cross. Segregation ratios were consistent with the hypothesis that the chlorotic halo phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene. This gene appears to be located on the short arm of chromosome 1 near the centromere, based upon reciprocal translocation mapping studies. The chlorotic halo reaction was expressed against races 0,1,23, and 23N of E. turcicum in the field. The effectiveness of the chlorotic halo gene in reducing losses to NLB remains to be demonstrated. JF - Plant Disease AU - Carson, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 717 EP - 720 VL - 79 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - chlorotic halo KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Northern leaf blight KW - Zea mays KW - phenotypes KW - Exserohilum turcicum KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16874501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+new+gene+in+maize+conferring+the+%22chlorotic+halo%22+reaction+to+infection+by+Exserohilum+turcicum&rft.au=Carson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Northern leaf blight; phenotypes; Zea mays; Exserohilum turcicum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of evapotranspiration models for maize - bare soil to closed canopy AN - 16872373; 3794943 AB - Simulating evapotranspiration (ET) processes in agricultural crop systems requires dynamic models capable of describing the entire range of crop cover. The Shuttleworth and Wallace (S-W) ET model has the potential to fulfill this requirement, but it has not been rigorously tested on crops over the season. A field study assessed the seasonal performance of the Penman-Monteith (P-M) and the S-W ET models against Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) measurements for irrigated maize during 1993 in Fort Collins, Colorado. The P-M performed poorly at low Leaf Area Index (LAI 2, and over the season, respectively. To facilitate the practical use of the S-W model, simplified and effective methods for determining soil and canopy resistances are needed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Farahani, HJ AU - Bausch, W C AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res. Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1049 EP - 1060 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Colorado, Ft. Collins KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model testing KW - model studies KW - seasonal variations KW - vegetation effects KW - simulation KW - evapotranspiration KW - corn KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Performance+of+evapotranspiration+models+for+maize+-+bare+soil+to+closed+canopy&rft.au=Farahani%2C+HJ%3BBausch%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Farahani&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; evapotranspiration; corn; simulation; vegetation effects; seasonal variations; model testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of alpha-toxin and capsular exopolysaccharide on the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to cultured teat, ductal and secretory mammary epithelial cells AN - 16872057; 3793935 AB - Cultures of teat, ductal and secretory epithelial cells were used to study the role of alpha-toxin and the capsular exopolysaccharide on the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to mammary epithelium. The adherence of S. aureus to the cells and their susceptibility to damage by alpha-toxin increased from teat to ductal to secretory cells. Alpha-toxin increased the susceptibility of epithelial cell monolayers to adherence by S. aureus, and the extent of the adherence increased with the time of exposure to alpha-toxin. The exopolysaccharide capsule deterred the adherence of S. aureus to mammary epithelial cells and to collagen. Organisms with a rigid capsule adhered to a smaller extent than those with a flaccid capsule. Both encapsulated and unencapsulated S. aureus adhered more readily to collagen than to either healthy monolayers of epithelial cells or monolayers of cells damaged by alpha-toxin. JF - Research in Veterinary Science AU - Cifrian, E AU - Guidry, A J AU - O'Brien, C N AU - Marquardt, W W AD - Milk Secretion and Mastitis Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 20 EP - 25 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0034-5288, 0034-5288 KW - alpha -toxin KW - exopolysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - capsules KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - mammary gland KW - epithelium KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+alpha-toxin+and+capsular+exopolysaccharide+on+the+adherence+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+to+cultured+teat%2C+ductal+and+secretory+mammary+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Cifrian%2C+E%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BO%27Brien%2C+C+N%3BMarquardt%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Cifrian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.issn=00345288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; capsules; mammary gland; epithelium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upland soybean production: Surface and shallow groundwater quality as affected by tillage and herbicide use AN - 16871954; 3794944 AB - Information on the effects of tillage practices on pesticide transport in runoff and shallow groundwater is lacking for much of Mississippi, particularly the uplands of northern Mississippi. Therefore, herbicide transport in surface runoff and shallow groundwater was determined in no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] watersheds (about 2 ha each) in these loessial uplands (fragipan soils). For the 1991 crop year, runoff losses of the preemerge herbicides metribuzin (4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3- methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one, Lexone super(TM)) and metolachlor [2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N- (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidide, Dual super(TM)] were about 20 and 9%, respectively, of that applied to the NT watershed and about 23 and 11%, respectively, of that applied to the CT watershed. Greater than 90% of these losses occurred as a result of the first runoff event. Although sediment concentrations from the NT watershed were reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with the CT watershed, herbicide losses in runoff, as well as runoff volumes, were about equal. Herbicide losses in runoff in crop years 1992 and 1993 were lower for both watersheds due to the longer time interval between herbicide application and first runoff. Herbicide movement into the soil profile was greater in the NT watershed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Smith, S Jr AU - Schreiber, J D AU - Cullum, R F AD - USDA-ARS-NSL-WQEPRU, Oxford, MS, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1061 EP - 1068 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - agricultural practices KW - agricultural runoff KW - groundwater pollution KW - herbicides KW - USA, Mississippi KW - surface water KW - water pollution KW - soybeans KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Upland+soybean+production%3A+Surface+and+shallow+groundwater+quality+as+affected+by+tillage+and+herbicide+use&rft.au=Smith%2C+S+Jr%3BSchreiber%2C+J+D%3BCullum%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1061&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater pollution; surface water; water quality; water pollution; soybeans; herbicides; agricultural runoff; agricultural practices; solute transport; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of heated solutions of sulfur dioxide, ethanol, and hydrogen peroxide to control postharvest green mold of lemons AN - 16871861; 3791228 AB - Lemon fruit were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum and immersed in solutions of ethanol, sulfur dioxide, or hydrogen peroxide to control postharvest green mold. Green mold incidence and fruit injury were assessed after treatments employing various combinations of concentration, duration of treatment, temperature, and post-treatment rinses. Heating of the solutions was needed to attain acceptable efficacy. Sulfur dioxide and ethanol controlled green mold without injury to fruit, whereas hydrogen peroxide did not effectively control green mold and caused unacceptable injury to fruit. Treatments selected for extensive evaluation were immersion in 10% ethanol at 45 degree C for 150 s without rinsing, or in 2% sulfur dioxide at 45 degree C for 150 s followed by two fresh water rinses. These treatments were compared with two existing decay control methods: immersion in 3% sodium carbonate at 45 degree C for 150 s followed by two fresh water rinses, or in 1,000 mu g/ml imazalil at 25 degree C for 60 s. Lemons were inoculated at 20 degree C then incubated for 12, 24, 48, or 60 h before treatments were applied. Efficacy of sulfur dioxide and ethanol treatments was comparable to that of sodium carbonate and imazalil. Sulfur dioxide and ethanol did not injure the fruit and their residues were low. The sulfur dioxide content of lemons immediately after treatment was less than 1 mu g/ml. The ethanol content of lemons analyzed immediately after ethanol treatment was 58.6 ( plus or minus 9.6) mu g/ml and 24.4 ( plus or minus 11.7) mu g/ml after storage for 7 days at 20 C. The ethanol content of untreated fruit was 3.3 mu g/ml. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Margosan, DA AU - Henson, D J AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 742 EP - 747 VL - 79 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - sulfur dioxide KW - ethanol KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - green mold KW - Citrus limon KW - post-harvest decay KW - Penicillium digitatum KW - disease control KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+heated+solutions+of+sulfur+dioxide%2C+ethanol%2C+and+hydrogen+peroxide+to+control+postharvest+green+mold+of+lemons&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BMargosan%2C+DA%3BHenson%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium digitatum; Citrus limon; green mold; disease control; post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basal area growth for 15 tropical tree species in Puerto Rico AN - 16871272; 3801141 AB - The tabonuco forests of Puerto Rico support a diverse population of tree species valued for timber, fuel, food, wildlife food and cover, and erosion control among other uses. Tree basal area growth data spanning 39 years are available on 15 species from eight permanent plots in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. The complexity of the rain forest challenges current forest stand modeling techniques. As a starting point individual tree basal area growth is modeled using the Chapman-Richards function constrained for hypothetical maximum tree size. In addition to initial tree diameter or basal area, significant explanatory variables are crown class, topographic position and degree of ground incline. Plots illustrate the differing growth patterns of the 15 tropical mixed/moist forest species. Two species exhibit exceptional growth. Buchenavia capitata (Vahl) Eichl. has basal area growth peaking at 87 cm super(2)/year. The Manilkara bidentata (A. DC.) A. Chev. data show growth rates in excess of 60 cm super(2)/year and the Chapman-Richards function indicates growth potential to a peak of 122 cm super(2)/year. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Parresol, B R AD - Inst. Quant. Stud., USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., Rm. T-10210 USPS Bldg., 701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans, LA 70113, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 211 EP - 219 VL - 73 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forest management KW - trees KW - growth rate KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Basal+area+growth+for+15+tropical+tree+species+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Parresol%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Parresol&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; growth rate; forest management; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosivity index values for northern Mississippi AN - 16870480; 3794942 AB - Annual rainfall erosivity (R) values during 1982 to 1992 were computed from 29 standard recording rain gages in or adjacent to the 21.3 km super(2) Goodwin Creek Watershed near Batesville, Mississippi, using Brown-Foster, McGregor-Mutchler, Agriculture Handbook 282, and Agriculture Handbook 537 procedures. The computations were made to determine the adequacy of previously recommended erosivity values for northern Mississippi. Computed R values were substantially higher than interpolated values given in Agriculture Handbooks 282 and 537, or the User's Guide for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The interpolated value from the iso-erodent map used in RUSLE is only about 5790 MJ mm/(ha h). The average annual R value computed with the Brown-Foster equation for the 29 rain gages was 7968 MJ mm/(ha h) for all storms with no limitations on storm size or intensity parameters, 7719 MJ mm/(ha h) for all storms but with a limitation of 64 mm/h on the I sub(30) parameter of the energy-intensity (EI) product, and 7515 MJ mm/(ha h) where (1) storms less than 13 mm were excluded unless the storms contained 15-min rainfall intensities of 25 mm/h or more, and (2) the maximum 30-min intensity in the EI product was limited to 64 mm/h. This latter R value was still 30% higher than the R value obtained from the Users Guide for RUSLE. Various limitations that have previously been recommended for use in calculating R values were found to affect R totals from less than one to less than 4%. This is the second study in northern Mississippi, on different intensively gaged watersheds, that has shown significantly higher measured R values than previously recommended. Results from these studies also have been supported by measurements taken at Holy Springs, Mississippi, during erosion related research during a 25-year period. These results indicate that R values in the mid-south should be recomputed using modern rainfall data to replace existing iso-erodent index maps in which estimates of erosivity often were based on regression equations rather than measured values. Preparation of a standard erosivity map for the complete eastern United States also is recommended, especially considering the availability and ease of analyzing modern rainfall computations, and the advantage of having a standard erosivity map based on measurements. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - McGregor, K C AU - Bingner, R L AU - Bowie, A J AU - Foster, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sediment. Lab., Oxford, MS, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1039 EP - 1047 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - meteorological data collection KW - rainfall intensity KW - storm runoff KW - erosion KW - rainfall KW - USA, Mississippi KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - data interpretation KW - erosion rates KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16870480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Erosivity+index+values+for+northern+Mississippi&rft.au=McGregor%2C+K+C%3BBingner%2C+R+L%3BBowie%2C+A+J%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; storm runoff; rainfall; erosion rates; meteorological data collection; data interpretation; rainfall intensity; rainfall-runoff relationships; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Acremonium sp. and Monosporascus cannonballus in the major cantaloupe and watermelon growing areas of California AN - 16870326; 3791223 AB - Since the early 1980s, a root rot caused by an unknown pathogen has resulted in serious yield losses in cantaloupe and honeydew melons in California. The term "vine collapse" has been ascribed to the disease because of the rapidity of symptom development from onset until plant death. Apparently-healthy plants wilted or declined within a period of 5 to 10 days as the melons approached maturity. A wide array of symptoms were encountered on the various cucurbits collected from affected fields. From the Sacramento Valley to the upper San Joaquin Valley (Colusa to Fresno counties), an Acremonium sp. was commonly isolated from roots of symptomatic plants of cantaloupe, honey dew, squash, and watermelon. Symptoms typically ranged from the presence of brown lesions at the juncture of the secondary and primary root to a general corking and distortion of the roots. The symptoms were similar to a newly described disease in Spain called "Acremonium collapse". In the lower San Joaquin Valley and in the southern part of the state (Kern and Riverside counties), Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker was isolated from roots of collapsed cantaloupe and watermelon plants. Diseased plants exhibited brownish lesions at the juncture of the secondary and primary root, a general decay of tertiary, secondary, and primary roots, and, occasionally, large, dark-colored perithecia superficially embedded in the roots. The symptoms were essentially identical to those described in south Texas for "Monosporascus root rot/vine decline". Pathogenicity of ten selected isolates of each fungus was demonstrated on cantaloupe seedlings (cv. Magnum 45). After 28 days in the greenhouse, these two fungi produced symptoms that were identical to those produced by Spanish isolates of Acremonium sp. and Texas isolates of M. cannonballus, respectively. This is the first report of Monosporascus root rot/vine decline in California, and the first report of an Acremonium sp. associated with a mature vine collapse of cantaloupe and watermelon in the United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bruton, B D AU - Davis, R M AU - Gordon, T R AD - USDA/ARS, Lane, OK 74555, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 754 VL - 79 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cucumis melo cantalupensis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrullus vulgaris KW - Acremonium KW - decline KW - Monosporascus cannonballus KW - root rot KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16870326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Acremonium+sp.+and+Monosporascus+cannonballus+in+the+major+cantaloupe+and+watermelon+growing+areas+of+California&rft.au=Bruton%2C+B+D%3BDavis%2C+R+M%3BGordon%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Bruton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acremonium; Monosporascus cannonballus; Citrullus vulgaris; root rot; decline ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Green-Ampt conductivity parameters: Part I. Row crops AN - 16869217; 3794945 AB - Parameterization is the key factor affecting the implementation of most infiltration models. For the successful application of the Green-Ampt equation in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, procedures for estimating the effective hydraulic conductivity (K sub(e)) must be developed. The objective of this study was to identify the major variables which affect K sub(e) under row-cropped conditions and to develop statistical equations to quantify these relationships for use in WEPP. A total of 328 plot-years of data from natural runoff plots from eight sites was used to develop equations for estimating temporal variability of K sub(e) under row-cropped conditions. The average period of record for each crop management system was approximately nine years, during which an average of 96 storm events was selected for each treatment. Crops included corn, cotton, oats, soybeans, and potatoes. Measured soil, climate, slope, and crop management information was used to build all of the WEPP input files. An optimization program was written to determine K sub(e) for every selected event for which measured and predicted runoff volumes matched. Correlation analyses showed that storm rainfall, total effective surface cover, and their cross-product were strongly related to the optimized K sub(e). An interactive term consisting of soil properties, storm rainfall, and effective surface cover was developed and used for K sub(e) prediction for row-cropped conditions. The r super(2) for model predicted total runoff of the selected events versus the measured was 0.94 and the slope of regression was 1.01. Model efficiencies for individual storm runoff predictions averaged 0.66. The results also showed that seasonal variations of K sub(e) and runoff were adequately represented. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhang, X C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Risse, L M AD - Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Soil Build., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1069 EP - 1077 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Green-Ampt equation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - soil properties KW - erosion KW - infiltration KW - annual runoff KW - estimating KW - crop production KW - permeability coefficient KW - vegetation effects KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16869217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Green-Ampt+conductivity+parameters%3A+Part+I.+Row+crops&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BRisse%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation effects; infiltration; permeability coefficient; estimating; model studies; crop production; annual runoff; erosion; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of laccase isoenzymes produced by the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora AN - 16869169; 3784271 AB - Laccase is one of the ligninolytic enzymes found in liquid cultures of the fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in defined medium. As an approach to a clarification of the role of laccases during the attack on lignin by the fungus, the enzyme has been characterized further. The levels of this phenol oxidase increase 2-fold in the presence of p-anisidine and are severely affected when addition of either Mn(II) or Cu(II) ions to the medium is omitted. Isoelectrofocusing allowed the resolution of two laccase isoenzymes, with pIs of 3.65 and 3.59. In rich medium, laccase activity is 10-fold higher than in salt medium, and it is not affected by the external addition of p-anisidine or Mn(II). Four isoenzymes were detected in these cultures, with pIs between 3.76 and 3.60. In a wheat bran medium, four isoenzymes with pIs in the range 3.63-3.46, plus a fifth isoenzyme of high pI (4.82), were also identified. The absorption spectrum of a pool containing the four isoenzymes from rich medium shows a maximum at 600 nm, typical of laccase possessing a type I copper atom. The molecular mass of the isoenzyme with pI 3.60 is 79 kDa, as determined by SDS/PAGE. Upon treatment with endoglycosidase F, the molecular mass of this isoform decreases to 63 kDa, indicating a high degree of glycosylation. Substrate specificity studies conducted with the four isoenzymes from rich medium and a combination of isoenzymes from salt medium showed marked differences among them. The amino-terminal sequences (24 residues) of three isoenzymes isolated from rich medium were determined. Two of them are identical, whereas the third one differs from these in three amino acid residues. The consensus sequence reveals clear homology with laccases from other microorganisms. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Salas, C AU - Lobos, S AU - Larrain, J AU - Salas, L AU - Cullen, D AU - Vicuna, R AD - Inst. Microbial and Biochem. Tech., Forest Products Lab., Forest Serv., USDA, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 323 EP - 333 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - laccase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - substrate specificity KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - isoelectric focusing KW - amino acid sequence KW - isoenzymes KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16869169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Properties+of+laccase+isoenzymes+produced+by+the+basidiomycete+Ceriporiopsis+subvermispora&rft.au=Salas%2C+C%3BLobos%2C+S%3BLarrain%2C+J%3BSalas%2C+L%3BCullen%2C+D%3BVicuna%2C+R&rft.aulast=Salas&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - substrate specificity; isoelectric focusing; amino acid sequence; isoenzymes; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of gynogenetic and polyploid catfish by pressure-induced chromosome set manipulation AN - 16867594; 3790301 AB - Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs fertilized with sperm from blue catfish (I. furcatus) or channel catfish (60 or 90 s UV-irradiated, 0.08 or 0.12 J/cm super(2), respectively; 20-30% motility) were subjected to early hydrostatic pressure (5 min post-fertilization; 8000 psi; 3 min duration) to produce meiotic gynogens or late hydrostatic pressure (90 min post-fertilization) to produce mitotic gynogens. Polyploid hybrid catfish (I. punctatus x I. furcatus) were produced using eggs fertilized with untreated sperm followed by pressure treatments. Eggs fertilized with irradiated sperm (putative haploids) exhibited slow and abnormal development, and did not survive to hatch. Pressure treatments reduced the frequency of normal development at blastula, neurula and tailbud stages compared with stripped controls. Relative survival at 1.5 months was 2% for meiotic and 0.2% for mitotic gynogens, and 66% for triploid and 8% for tetraploid groups, compared with 27% survival of stripped controls. Sex ratios varied among families in hybrid groups but averaged close to 1:1 male:female, whereas offspring in gynogenetic families were all female. Particle size analysis of erythrocyte nuclear volumes indicated 91-100% triploidy induction, but only 4% tetraploidy induction. Although the numbers of gynogenetic channel catfish produced were small, the more than 500 viable offspring surviving represent foundation broodstock to facilitate genetic improvement strategies in this commercially important species. JF - Aquaculture AU - Goudie, CA AU - Simco, BA AU - Davis, K B AU - Liu, Qinghua AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Catfish Genet. Res. Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 185 EP - 198 VL - 133 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - polyploids KW - high pressure effects KW - chromosomes KW - fish culture KW - selective breeding KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Freshwater KW - fish eggs KW - brood stocks KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Production+of+gynogenetic+and+polyploid+catfish+by+pressure-induced+chromosome+set+manipulation&rft.au=Goudie%2C+CA%3BSimco%2C+BA%3BDavis%2C+K+B%3BLiu%2C+Qinghua&rft.aulast=Goudie&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - high pressure effects; polyploids; chromosomes; fish culture; selective breeding; aquaculture techniques; fish eggs; brood stocks; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration and scale performance of Bushland weighing lysimeters AN - 16867404; 3794928 AB - Weighing lysimetry is the primary method to directly measure evapotranspiration, and the scale performance of weighing lysimeters is often affected by wind loading. This study was conducted to calibrate the weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, and to determine the effects of wind on the measurement accuracy of the lysimeter scales. Applied mass amounts equivalent to 150% of the lysimeter range were applied, and lysimeter scale calibrations were determined. Wind influences were measured by covering the lysimeters with a rubber sheet to minimize evaporation during an extended period. The lysimeters were sensitive to mass changes as small as 0.05 mm (450 g), highly linear with less than 1% total error over the 250-mm range (2.25 Mg), insensitive to load distribution on the lysimeter surface, and sensitive to surface pressures created by wind loading. The effects of wind can be minimized with data smoothing but not eliminated. The USDA-ARS weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, have evapotranspiration measurement accuracy necessary to determine evapotranspiration rates as small as 0.05 to 0.1 mm/h over time periods of 30-min or greater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Howell, T A AU - Schneider, AD AU - Dusek, DA AU - Marek, TH AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1019 EP - 1024 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Texas, Bushland KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wind KW - measuring instruments KW - data processing KW - vegetation KW - calibrations KW - evapotranspiration KW - lysimeters KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Calibration+and+scale+performance+of+Bushland+weighing+lysimeters&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BSchneider%2C+AD%3BDusek%2C+DA%3BMarek%2C+TH%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lysimeters; evapotranspiration; calibrations; wind; measuring instruments; data processing; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid-base chemistry and aluminum transport in an acidic watershed and pond in New Hampshire AN - 16866970; 3788872 AB - Cone Pond is one of the few acidic, clear-water ponds in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, a region dominated by high inputs of strong acids from atmospheric deposition and low base content of bedrock. Monitoring was conducted for 13 months to compare and contrast the acid-base chemistry of the terrestrial and aquatic portions of the watershed. Variations in Al concentration and speciation in drainage waters were correlated with changes in the supply of naturally occurring organic ligands. During the study period, the pond retained 28% of Al inputs, including nearly half of the inputs of organically complexed Al. Chemical equilibrium calculations indicated that the entire water-column was oversaturated with respect to the solubility of synthetic gibbsite during summer, as was the hypolimnion during winter. Retention of Al resulted from an increase in pH in the hypolimnion concomitant with SO sub(4) super(2-) reduction, and from loss of organic anions in epilimnetic waters. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) generated in the pond primarily through SO sub(4) super(2-) reduction and base cation (C sub(B)) release was balanced by ANC consumed as a result of Al retention. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Bailey, S W AU - Driscoll, C T AU - Hornbeck, J W AD - USDA For Serv., Northeastern For. Exper. Stn., RR 1 Box 779, Campton, NH 03223, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 69 EP - 91 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - USA, New Hampshire, White Mts. KW - aluminum KW - pH effects KW - pollution dispersion KW - transport processes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts KW - dissolved organic carbon KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - ponds KW - chemistry KW - acidification KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16866970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Acid-base+chemistry+and+aluminum+transport+in+an+acidic+watershed+and+pond+in+New+Hampshire&rft.au=Bailey%2C+S+W%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T%3BHornbeck%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ponds; chemistry; dissolved organic carbon; aluminum; transport processes; acidification; watersheds; pollution dispersion; pH effects; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilization of thiabendazole-specific monoclonal antibodies to silicon substrates via aqueous silanization AN - 16865590; 3790922 AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific for thiabendazole were immobilized to silicon, silicon dioxide, stoichiometric silicon nitride, and silicon-rich silicon nitride surfaces. This work provides the foundation for the development of a homogeneous sensor system for rapid detection and quantification of thiabendazole residues in produce and animal tissue. Immobilization was performed via aqueous silanization of the substrate followed sequentially by treatment with glutaraldehyde and contact with antibody solution in the presence of detergent. Surfaces were challenged with thiabendazole-horseradish peroxidase conjugate in an ELISA format to estimate immobilized antibody load. A stable and reproducible surface loading of 2 x 10 super(11) antibodies/cm super(2) was obtained only after surfaces received postimmobilization treatments to remove nonspecifically adsorbed antibody. No difference in surface loading was noted when using 30% hydrogen peroxide rather than nitric acid for silanol activation. Little difference was noted among the antibody loadings achieved on the various silicon substrates. Bound antigen-enzyme conjugate was eluted with 0.1N acetic acid and reproducible surface activity was measured for up to four consecutive antigen challenges. Immobilized antibody surfaces were stabilized with 2% sucrose, dehydrated at 37 degree C and stored in vacuum or stored at 4 degree C in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.01% sodium azide without significant loss of activity. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Flounders, AW AU - Brandon, D L AU - Bates, AH AD - Food Safety Health Res. Unit, Western Reg. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 265 EP - 284 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - thiabendazole KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilization KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - proteins KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16865590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Immobilization+of+thiabendazole-specific+monoclonal+antibodies+to+silicon+substrates+via+aqueous+silanization&rft.au=Flounders%2C+AW%3BBrandon%2C+D+L%3BBates%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Flounders&rft.aufirst=AW&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilization; monoclonal antibodies; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous-time water and sediment-routing model for large basins AN - 16864050; 3788819 AB - Simulation models are needed to evaluate the impact of changes in land use and agricultural management on streamflow and sediment yields from watersheds and river basins. Current agricultural-management models are limited by spatial scale, and river-basin models do not simulate land use and management adequately to evaluate management strategies. A model called ROTO (routing outputs to the outlet) was developed to estimate water and sediment yield on large basins (several thousand square miles). ROTO is a continuous model operating on a daily time step that accepts inputs from continuous-time soil-water balance models. Components for water and sediment movement in channels and reservoirs are developed within a comprehensive basin-scale agricultural management model. The model is validated on three different spatial scales: the small watershed, watershed, and river basin. At the small watershed scale, ARS station G (17.7 kg super(2)) at Riesel, Texas, is used for validation of water and sediment yields. White Rock Lake watershed (257 km super(2)) near Dallas was simulated and model output was compared to USGS streamflow and reservoir sedimentation data. The Lower Colorado River basin was simulated and compared to measured USGS streamflow data to test the model on a relatively large river basin (9,000 km super(2)). JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Arnold, J G AU - Williams, J R AU - Maidment AD - USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 171 EP - 179 VL - 121 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - cultivated lands KW - environmental impact KW - land management KW - model studies KW - sediment yield KW - streamflow KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - river basin management KW - watersheds KW - simulation KW - soil erosion KW - river basins KW - agriculture KW - regional planning KW - sedimentation KW - mathematical models KW - land use KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Continuous-time+water+and+sediment-routing+model+for+large+basins&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BWilliams%2C+J+R%3BMaidment&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - river basins; environmental impact; river basin management; sedimentation; regional planning; agriculture; watersheds; mathematical models; soil erosion; simulation; land use; model studies; cultivated lands; streamflow; sediment yield; land management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domestic geese: Biological weed control in an agricultural setting AN - 16863751; 3787416 AB - Vertebrate herbivores can be effective agents of biological weed control in certain applications. I compared the use of domestic geese for weed control in an agricultural field with the herbicide hexazinone and with hand control. Newly planted spruce seedlings acted as a prototype crop that would be unpalatable to the geese. Trampling by geese led to as much as 47% tree seedling mortality during the 1st yr; this was reduced significantly by either limiting the amount of time the geese spent in the plots or surrounding seedlings with small wire fences. When compared with plots with no weed control, weed control by geese improved the diameter growth of the surviving seedlings by over 100% during the 1st yr of the study, but had no effect in the 2nd yr. The geese controlled a variety of weed species, but were most effective against quackgrass (Agropyron repens). However, grazing effectively selected for unpalatable weed species (including pineapple weed, Matricaria matricarioides, prostrate knotweed, Polygonum aviculare, and wild chamomile, Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum) so that by the end of the 2nd yr plots weeded only by geese had 25 times as much cover of unpalatable species as plots with no weed control. In contrast, the herbicide was ineffective against grass and effective against the unpalatable weed species. A successful integrated weed management strategy would thus require combining geese with another method of weed control, and would include measures to prevent crop trampling. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Wurtz, T L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Inst. North. For., 308 Tanana Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775-5500, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 570 EP - 578 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - aquatic birds KW - herbivory KW - plant control KW - weed control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - herbivores KW - biological control KW - Freshwater KW - Anser KW - weeds KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16863751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Domestic+geese%3A+Biological+weed+control+in+an+agricultural+setting&rft.au=Wurtz%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Wurtz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; herbivores; biological control; plant control; weeds; weed control; herbivory; Anser; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotypes and DNA fingerprint profiles of Pasteurella multocida isolated from raptors AN - 16862909; 3788934 AB - Pasteurella multocida isolates from 21 raptors were examined by DNA fingerprint profile and serotyping methods. Isolates were obtained from noncaptive birds of prey found in 11 states from November 28, 1979, through February 10, 1993. Nine isolates were from bald eagles, and the remaining isolates were from hawks, falcons, and owls. Seven isolates were members of capsule group A, and 14 were nonencapsulated. One isolate was identified as somatic type 3, and another was type 3,4,7; both had unique HhaI DNA fingerprint profiles. Nineteen isolates expressed somatic type 1 antigen; HhaI profiles of all type 1 isolates were identical to each other and to the HhaI profile of the reference somatic type 1, strain X-73. The 19 type 1 isolates were differentiated by sequential digestion of DNA with HpaII; four HpaII fingerprint profiles were obtained. The HpaII profile of one isolate was identical to the HpaII profile of strain X-73. Incidence of P. multocida somatic type 1 in raptors suggests that this type may be prevalent in other wildlife or wildlife environments. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Wilson, MA AU - Duncan, R M AU - Nordholm, GE AU - Berlowski, B M AD - USDA, Anim. and Plant Health Inspect. Serv., Vet. Serv., Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 94 EP - 99 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fowl cholera KW - serotyping KW - wildlife KW - Aves KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - DNA KW - genotyping KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16862909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Serotypes+and+DNA+fingerprint+profiles+of+Pasteurella+multocida+isolated+from+raptors&rft.au=Wilson%2C+MA%3BDuncan%2C+R+M%3BNordholm%2C+GE%3BBerlowski%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; DNA; DNA fingerprinting; serotyping; genotyping; fowl cholera; wildlife ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a soybean cDNA clone encoding the mitochondrial isozyme of aspartate aminotransferase, AAT4 AN - 16862229; 3788175 AB - A soybean leaf cDNA clone, pSAT2, was isolated by hybridization to a carrot aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1.; AAT) cDNA clone at low stringency. pSAT2 contained an open reading frame encoding a 47640 Da protein. The protein encoded by pSAT2 showed significant sequence similarity to AAT proteins from both plants and animals. It was most similar to two Panicum mitochondrial AATs, 81.5% and 82.0% identity. Alignment of the pSAT2-encoded protein with other mature AAT enzymes revealed a 25 amino acid N-terminal extension with characteristics of a mitochondrial transit peptide. A plasmid, pEXAT2, was constructed to encode the mature pSAT2 protein lacking the putative mitochondrial transit peptide. Escherichia coli containing the plasmid expressed a functional AAT isozyme which comigrated with the soybean AAT4 isozyme during agarose gel electrophoresis. Equilibrium sucrose gradient sedimentation of soybean extracts demonstrated that AAT4 specifically cofractionated with mitochondria. Antibodies raised against the pEXAT2-encoded AAT protein reacted with AAT4 of soybean and not with other AAT isozymes detected in soybean tissues, providing further evidence that clone pSAT2 encodes the soybean mitochondrial isozyme AAT4. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Wadsworth, G J AU - Gebhardt, J S AU - Matthews, B F AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1085 EP - 1095 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - AAT4 gene KW - aspartate aminotransferase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence KW - prediction KW - Glycine max KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16862229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+soybean+cDNA+clone+encoding+the+mitochondrial+isozyme+of+aspartate+aminotransferase%2C+AAT4&rft.au=Wadsworth%2C+G+J%3BGebhardt%2C+J+S%3BMatthews%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Wadsworth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; cDNA; amino acid sequence; prediction; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conceptual model for assessing ecological risk to water quality function of bottomland hardwood forests AN - 16861412; 3787408 AB - Ecological risk assessment provides a methodology for evaluating the threats to ecosystem function associated with environmental perturbations or stressors. This report documents the development of a conceptual model for assessing the ecological risk to the water quality function (WQF) of bottomland hardwood riparian ecosystems (BHRE) in the Tifton-Vidalia upland (TVU) ecoregion of Georgia. Previous research has demonstrated that mature BHRE are essential to maintaining water quality in this portion of the coastal plain. The WQF of these ecosystems is considered an assessment endpoint-an ecosystem function or set of functions that society chooses to value as evidenced by laws, regulations, or common usage. Stressors operate on ecosystems at risk through an exposure scenario to produce ecological effects that are linked to loss of the desired function or assessment end point. The WQF of BHRE is at risk because of the ecological and environmental quality effects of a suite of chemical, physical, and biological stressors. The stressors are related to nonpoint source pollution from adjacent land uses, especially agriculture; the conversion of BHRE to other land uses; and the encroachment of domestic animals into BHRE. Potential chemical, physical, and biological stressors to BHRE are identified, and the methodology for evaluating appropriate exposure scenarios is discussed. Field-scale and watershed-scale measurement end points of most use in assessing the effects of stressors on the WQF are identified and discussed. The product of this study is a conceptual model of how risks to the WQF of BHRE are produced and how the risk and associated uncertainties can be quantified. JF - Environmental Management AU - Lowrance, R AU - Vellidis, G AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 239 EP - 258 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - USA, Georgia, Tifton-Vidalia KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - environmental effects KW - environmental impact KW - models KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - risk assessment KW - risks KW - vegetation cover KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - ecology KW - forests KW - agriculture KW - wetlands KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16861412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+conceptual+model+for+assessing+ecological+risk+to+water+quality+function+of+bottomland+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BVellidis%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; forests; water quality; risks; wetlands; vegetation cover; environmental impact; agriculture; ecosystem disturbance; ecosystems; ecology; environmental effects; risk assessment; nonpoint pollution; nonpoint pollution sources; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the quality of rangeland soils: Challenges and opportunities AN - 16861348; 3780164 AB - Rangeland soils present unique challenges and opportunities for assessing soil quality. Three characteristics in particular distinguish rangeland soils from cropped soils: (1) spatial variability in rangelands tends to be higher than in cropped systems; (2) temporal variability is high because many biological and physical processes depend on a limited and frequently unpredictable supply of soil moisture; (3) the land often has many uses in addition to food production. Conflicting definitions of soil quality are often implicitly, but not explicitly, based on a particular value or use. These conflicts may be resolved using an alternative paradigm in which soil quality is defined only with respect to the soil's capacity to fulfill clearly defined functions. Ratings for individual functions can then be compared for a variety of values and land uses. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Herrick, JE AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exper. Range, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - physicochemical properties KW - agriculture KW - livestock KW - rangelands KW - sampling methods KW - land use KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16861348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+quality+of+rangeland+soils%3A+Challenges+and+opportunities&rft.au=Herrick%2C+JE%3BWhitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rangelands; livestock; agriculture; land use; physicochemical properties; sampling methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of cho and melC operons by a Streptococcus thermophilus synthetic promoter in Escherichia coli AN - 16859475; 3783347 AB - A 63-base-pair synthetic promoter, sP1, was synthesized on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a putative Streptococcus thermophilus promoter. When inserted upstream from the Streptomyces cho operon in a recombinant plasmid, pUCO195P-36, sP1 activated the expression of the cho genes in Escherichia coli, as shown by the production of cholesterol oxidase by the transformants. The sP1-driven cholesterol oxidase production in pUCO195P-36-transformed cells was estimated to be 40% of that produced by P sub(lac)-mediated cho expression in a pUCO193-containing host. The recombinant pUCO195P-36 appeared to be segregationally less stable in E. coli DH5 alpha than in HB101. Its non-expressing counterpart, pUCO195P-1, was stable in both E. coli strains. The activity of sP1 was further demonstrated in E. coli by the expression of a Streptomyces melC operon. When placed upstream from the test operon in the pMCU22aPa construct, sP1 activated the melC expression as shown by the production of tyrosinase at (3.0 plus or minus 0.3) x 10 super(-3) U/mg and (16.0 plus or minus 1.0) x 10 super(-3) U/mg protein equivalent of cell extract in the absence and presence of isopropyl beta -D-thiogalactopyranoside, respectively. The presence of a counter-oriented P sub(lac) at the 3' end of the operon in the pMCU22bPa plasmid reduced the sP1-mediated tyrosinase production by about 85%. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA/ARS, East. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 285 EP - 290 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lactic acid bacteria KW - Escherichia coli KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - gene expression KW - promoters KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+cho+and+melC+operons+by+a+Streptococcus+thermophilus+synthetic+promoter+in+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lactic acid bacteria; gene expression; promoters; Escherichia coli; Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antigenic variants in a plaque-isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus: Implications for vaccine production AN - 16858633; 3785799 AB - The occurrence of many subtypes within a serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) makes it difficult to control the disease by vaccination. Although inactivated vaccines are used successfully in many countries, the appearance in the field of antigenic variants against which the vaccines do not confer protection is a constant problem in vaccine manufacture. We had found previously a mixture of antigenic variants in a field isolate of serotype A12. In this report we demonstrate the presence of two variants in a plaque-isolate from this mixture. The second variant was detected only when the growth conditions were altered. Our observation points to the problems which may be encountered in the large scale growth of a virus for vaccine production. JF - Vaccine AU - Piatti, P AU - Hassard, S AU - Newman, JFE AU - Brown, F AD - USDA/ARS, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11941, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - vaccines KW - antigenic variants KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16858633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Antigenic+variants+in+a+plaque-isolate+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus%3A+Implications+for+vaccine+production&rft.au=Piatti%2C+P%3BHassard%2C+S%3BNewman%2C+JFE%3BBrown%2C+F&rft.aulast=Piatti&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; antigenic variants; foot-and-mouth disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus thermophilus ST134 AN - 16855019; 3783344 AB - A pH-dependent adsorption/desorption technique was used to screen Streptococcus thermophilus strains for the production of bacteriocins. Agar-diffusion tests with S. thermophilus strains as targets identified 13 out of 41 strains as producers of antibacterial activity. Thermophilin A, the bacteriocin-like substance present in the culture supernatant of S. thermophilus ST134 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, followed by ultrafiltration. Thermophilin A is a relatively heat-stable and apparently glycosylated bacteriocin with a bactericidal mode of action against sensitive cells. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ward, D J AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA/ARS, East. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 330 EP - 335 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - bacteriocins KW - thermophilin A KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32370:Antibiotics and antitumor agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16855019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+bacteriocin+produced+by+Streptococcus+thermophilus+ST134&rft.au=Ward%2C+D+J%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind erosion and its impact on off-site air quality in the Columbia Plateau - An integrated research plan AN - 16854933; 3787193 AB - With the advent of the 1990 Clean Air Act came the responsibility to monitor and control fugitive air particulates with diameters less than 10 micron (10 x 10 super(-6)-m, PM sub(10)). Many urban areas, particularly in the Western United States, have experienced concentrations of these particulates which exceeded the federal health standards of this legislation a sufficient number of days that costly remedial measures have been required. In several of these cases, it has been evident that a significant amount of this material was generated by wind erosion on upwind agricultural fields entrained in the regional air mass, and impacted downwind urban areas. There is an urgent need to better define the hazards and controls of PM sub(10) particulate material emitted by wind erosion on agricultural lands. It is not possible with current knowledge to determine the quantity of PM sub(10) material emitted from agricultural areas or to prescribe appropriate control methods. An extensive research and evaluation plan has been developed and initiated for the Columbia Plateau of Eastern Washington State with multi-disciplinary and multi-agency involvement. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Saxton, KE AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Biol. Syst. Eng., Washington State Univ., Pullman, MA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1031 EP - 1038 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind KW - erosion KW - USA, Washington, Columbia Plateau KW - agriculture KW - particulates KW - air quality KW - dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Wind+erosion+and+its+impact+on+off-site+air+quality+in+the+Columbia+Plateau+-+An+integrated+research+plan&rft.au=Saxton%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Saxton&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Washington, Columbia Plateau; wind; erosion; air quality; dust; particulates; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of SagI, a new HaeIII isoschizomer from Streptococcus agalactiae AN - 16854113; 3782823 AB - A new HaeIII isoschizomer from Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated by a single-step purification method. The highly active restriction endonuclease, SagI, was free of nonspecific nuclease activity and was suitable for use in molecular biology procedures. The rapid isolation procedure may be applicable for the recovery of other restriction endonucleases from bacteria. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Poch, M T AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA/ARS, East. Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 282 EP - 284 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - deoxyribonuclease HaeIII KW - isoschizomer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - N 14712:DNases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+SagI%2C+a+new+HaeIII+isoschizomer+from+Streptococcus+agalactiae&rft.au=Poch%2C+M+T%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus agalactiae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of flow-stratified sampling for estimating suspended sediment loads AN - 16853765; 3785152 AB - Flow-stratified sampling is a new method for sampling water quality constituents such as suspended sediment to estimate loads. As with selection-at-list-time (SALT) and time-stratified sampling, flow-stratified sampling is a statistical method requiring random sampling, and yielding unbiased estimates of load and variance. It can be used to estimate event yields or to estimate mean concentrations in flow classes for detecting change over time or differences from water quality standards. Flow-stratified sampling is described and its variance compared with those of SALT and time-stratified sampling. Time-stratified sampling generally gives the smallest variance of the three methods for estimating storm yields. Flow-stratified sampling of individual storms may fail to produce estimates in some short-lived strata because they may have sample sizes of zero. SALT will tend to give small samples and relatively high variances for small storms. For longer and more complex hydrographs, having numerous peaks, flow-stratified sampling gives the lowest variance, and the SALT variance is lower than that of time-stratified sampling unless the sample size is very large. A desirable feature of flow-stratified sampling is that the variance can be reduced after sampling by splitting strata, particularly high flow strata that have been visited just once, and recalculating the total and variance. SALT has the potential to produce the lowest variance, but cannot be expected to do so with an auxiliary variable based on stage. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Thomas, R B AU - Lewis, J AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, 1700 Bayview St., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 27 EP - 45 VL - 170 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - flow KW - hydrographs KW - sampling KW - sediment traps KW - stormwater runoff KW - stratified flow KW - suspended load KW - suspended sediments KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - storms KW - water sampling KW - stratification KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16853765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+flow-stratified+sampling+for+estimating+suspended+sediment+loads&rft.au=Thomas%2C+R+B%3BLewis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; stratification; sampling; water sampling; stratified flow; storms; suspended load; stormwater runoff; sediment traps; suspended sediments; hydrographs; flow; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poultry manure management: Environmentally sound options AN - 16851896; 3780171 AB - Increases in the demand for poultry products have led to rapid and concentrated growth of the industry, which has caused excessive manure supplies in certain areas. Although poultry litter is one of the best organic fertilizers available, and is an extremely valuable resource, excessive land application rates can lead to nitrate leaching into groundwater, phosphorus (P) runoff into adjacent water bodies, and possibly cause elevated bacterial or viral pathogen levels in lakes and rivers. Approximately 13 million Mg (14 million tons) of litter and manure was produced on U.S. poultry farms in 1990, most of which (68%) was broiler litter. Except for small amounts used in animal feed, the major portion (>90%) of poultry litter produced is applied to agricultural land. Adverse impacts resulting from land application of poultry manure may be prevented by implementation of effective best management practices (BMPs). Examples of BMPs include proper nutrient management using agronomic rates of N and/or P, use of buffer zones between treated areas and waterways, correct timing and placement of manure, and irrigation scheduling of liquid manure to limit groundwater contamination. Nutrient loading rates should be based on P in areas of the country that have P sensitive waterbodies and on N in areas where eutrophication of surface water is not a problem. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Daniel, T C AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Wood, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 321 EP - 327 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - manure KW - land application KW - animal wastes KW - environmental impact KW - agriculture KW - nutrients KW - waste management KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Poultry+manure+management%3A+Environmentally+sound+options&rft.au=Moore%2C+PA+Jr%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BWood%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=PA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal wastes; waste management; land application; manure; environmental impact; nutrients; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wettability effects on scaling two- and three-fluid capillary pressure -- saturation relations AN - 16851838; 3782338 AB - Capillary pressure (P sub(c)) - saturation (S) relationships for porous media containing three fluids are often predicted from two-fluid P sub(c)-S curves. This practice was investigated for porous media with different wettabilities. Two- and three-fluid P sub(c)-S curves were measured, using an automated setup, for sands containing air and water; air and oil, oil and water, and air, oil, and water. Similar P sub(c)-S curves were found for air-oil systems while differences occurred for air-water or oil-water due to differences in hydrophobicity and contact angle hysteresis. Three-fluid P sub(c)-S curves could be accurately predicted for hydrophilic media from two-fluid P sub(c)-S data with scaling, using fitted contact angles and measured interfacial tensions, and Leverett's assumption. Such predictions were found to be inadequate for hydrophobic media because the intermediate fluid is presumably discontinuous. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bradford, SA AU - Leij, F J AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA/ARS, 450 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1446 EP - 1455 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - groundwater KW - model studies KW - organic compounds KW - porous media KW - subsurface water KW - prediction KW - wettability KW - moisture tension KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Wettability+effects+on+scaling+two-+and+three-fluid+capillary+pressure+--+saturation+relations&rft.au=Bradford%2C+SA%3BLeij%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - porous media; organic compounds; wettability; moisture tension; prediction; groundwater; subsurface water; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cultivar comparison of plant regeneration from suspension cells, callus, and cormel slices of Gladiolus AN - 16851794; 3783364 AB - Callus was initiated from either cormel slices or in vitro-grown plants of six Gladiolus cultivars cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with either 10 mg/liter (53.8 mu M) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 mg/liter (9.3 mu M) dicamba, or 0.5 mg/liter (2.2 mu M) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. More plants were regenerated from callus of the cultivar "Peter Pears" as compared to "Jenny Lee," "Florida Flame," or "Golden Year." No plants were regenerated from callus of "Rosa Supreme" or "Purity White." Plants were regenerated from 2 and 6-mo.-old suspension cells of "Jenny Lee" and "Peter Pears" but not from "Florida Flame." Cormel slices cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with 1 mg/liter (4.4 mu M) 6-benzylaminopurine regenerated plants from all six cultivars indicating a cultivar-independent system of plant regeneration. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Kamo, K AD - USDA/ARS, Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, B-004, Rm. 208, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 113 EP - 115 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - cormel slice KW - plant regeneration KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gladiolus KW - suspension culture KW - callus culture KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=A+cultivar+comparison+of+plant+regeneration+from+suspension+cells%2C+callus%2C+and+cormel+slices+of+Gladiolus&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - suspension culture; callus culture; Gladiolus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring fire-dependent ponderosa pine forests in Western Montana AN - 16851412; 3781513 AB - Looking for ways to reverse the effects of a century of fire-suppression. JF - Restoration & Management Notes AU - Arno, S F AU - Harrington, M G AU - Fiedler, CE AU - Carlson, CE AD - Interm. Res. Stn., USDA, Forest Serv., Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 32 EP - 36 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0733-0707, 0733-0707 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - forests KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - environmental restoration KW - USA, Montana KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.atitle=Restoring+fire-dependent+ponderosa+pine+forests+in+Western+Montana&rft.au=Arno%2C+S+F%3BHarrington%2C+M+G%3BFiedler%2C+CE%3BCarlson%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Arno&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.issn=07330707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; USA, Montana; forests; environmental restoration; fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous expression of an endoglucanase gene (endA) from the ruminal anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 in Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus sanguis AN - 16850555; 3785482 AB - The heterologous expression of a cloned endoglucanase gene (endA) from the ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 was demonstrated in the Streptococcus species S. bovis JB1 and S. sanguis DL1. The endA gene was introduced into S. bovis and S. sanguis using the Escherichia coli/Streptococcus shuttle vector pVA838. Expression of the gene was detected by clearing zones around the recombinant colonies on agar plates containing carboxymethylcellulose stained with Congo red. S. bovis JB1 containing the endA gene was capable of utilizing cellotetraose at a faster rate than the parent strain. This is the first demonstration that Streptococcus species can express a gene from a Ruminococcus flavefaciens strain. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Flint, HJ AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 165 EP - 170 VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - endA gene KW - endoglucanase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - anaerobic bacteria KW - Ruminococcus flavefaciens KW - gene expression KW - Streptococcus sanguis KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Heterologous+expression+of+an+endoglucanase+gene+%28endA%29+from+the+ruminal+anaerobe+Ruminococcus+flavefaciens+17+in+Streptococcus+bovis+and+Streptococcus+sanguis&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R%3BFlint%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anaerobic bacteria; gene expression; Streptococcus bovis; Ruminococcus flavefaciens; Streptococcus sanguis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oleic acid transformations by selected strains of Sphingobacterium thalpophilum and Bacillus cereus from composted manure AN - 16848976; 3782180 AB - In a survey of 186 randomly selected microbial strains isolated from composted manure, 63 transformed oleic acid into three types of products: hydroxy fatty acid, fatty amide, and less polar oleyl lipid. Selection of oleic acid-transforming microorganisms was enhanced in nutrient agar supplemented with 0.1% (vol/vol) oleic acid at pH 7.2. Most of the 63 diverse isolates elicited inconsistent and poorly reproduced transformations. However, strains 142b (NRRL B-14797) transformed oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid consistently, and strain 229b (NRRL B-14812) produced an octadecenamide. Taxonomic studies indicated that NRRL strain B-14797, possessing 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-15-methylhexadecane and sphinganine bases, was closely related to Sphingobacterium thalpophilum, and NRRL B-14812 was identified as Bacillus cereus. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Kaneshiro, T AU - Nakamura, L K AU - Bagby, MO AD - Oil Chem. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 62 EP - 67 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Sphingobacterium thalpophilum KW - composts KW - oleic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - fatty acids KW - manure KW - Bacillus cereus KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Oleic+acid+transformations+by+selected+strains+of+Sphingobacterium+thalpophilum+and+Bacillus+cereus+from+composted+manure&rft.au=Kaneshiro%2C+T%3BNakamura%2C+L+K%3BBagby%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Kaneshiro&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus cereus; biodegradation; manure; fatty acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clostridium herbivorans sp. nov., a cellulolytic anaerobe from the pig intestine AN - 16848468; 3785563 AB - A new cellulolytic anaerobic clostridium was isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs. The single isolate was a gram-positive, motile rod, formed terminal to subterminal swollen sporangia, and required a fermentable carbohydrate for growth. Cellulose, cellobiose, maltose, starch, and glycogen supported growth, but glucose and fructose did not. The major end products from the fermentation of cellobiose were butyrate and formate; minor amounts of hydrogen and ethanol were also formed. Ruminal fluid (15%) or yeast extract (1%) was required for good growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 39 to 42 degree C, and the optimum pH was 6.8 to 7.2. Cell lysis occurred rapidly once stationary growth was reached. A 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to a group of gram-positive anaerobes that includes Clostridium oroticum and the cellulolytic species Clostridium polysaccharolyticum and Clostridium populeti. The DNA base composition of the isolate is 38 mol% G+C. We propose the name Clostridium herbivorans for this organism; strain 54408 (= ATCC 49925) is the type strain. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Varel, V H AU - Tanner, R S AU - Woese, C R AD - Roman L. Hruska U. S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 490 EP - 494 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Clostridium herbivorans sp.nov. KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - systematics KW - intestine KW - taxonomy KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Clostridium+herbivorans+sp.+nov.%2C+a+cellulolytic+anaerobe+from+the+pig+intestine&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BTanner%2C+R+S%3BWoese%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intestine; taxonomy; systematics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening of Leuconostoc mesenteroides mutants for elevated proportions of alternan to dextran AN - 16848276; 3782131 AB - Certain isolates of the bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, such as strain NRRL B-1355, have been found to produce alternan, a polysaccharide with unique properties of potentially high commercial value. However, all of these isolates also produce significant amounts of the polysaccharide dextran, which would be costly to separate from alternan on a commercial basis. We developed a rapid screening method for the isolation of L. mesenteroides mutants that produce elevated proportions of alternan to dextran. With this technique, a set of mutants of strain NRRL B-1355 was isolated, including strain NRRL B-21138, which produced a high proportion of alternan to dextran and showed complete genetic stability after more than 60 generations. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Hayman, G T AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolym. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 19 EP - 22 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alternan KW - dextran KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - mutants KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+mutants+for+elevated+proportions+of+alternan+to+dextran&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BHayman%2C+G+T%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mutants; Leuconostoc mesenteroides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid one-tube genomic DNA extraction process for PCR and RAPD analyses AN - 16847815; 3775423 AB - Although the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful genetic tool, its use in population analyses is limited by the labor-intensive extraction of genomic DNA from large numbers of samples. An ideal technique for DNA extraction should minimize the number of times a tissue sample is handled from collection to analysis, optimize yield of DNA extracted from a sample, be applicable to diverse organisms, be suited to mass handling of samples while minimizing labor and material costs and not generate hazardous waste that may negatively impact the environment. We demonstrate a novel DNA extraction process performed in a single tube from the time a tissue is collected until diluted aliquots of the extractant are taken for PCR reactions. The process does not require centrifugation, can prepare up to 6000 samples per day, results in enough DNA to perform 4000 PCR amplifications per sample, and can be used for plant, animal and microbial sources of DNA. JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Steiner, J J AU - Poklemba, C J AU - Fjellstrom, R G AU - Elliott, L F AD - Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2569 EP - 2570 VL - 23 IS - 13 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - DNA KW - plants KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16847815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=A+rapid+one-tube+genomic+DNA+extraction+process+for+PCR+and+RAPD+analyses&rft.au=Steiner%2C+J+J%3BPoklemba%2C+C+J%3BFjellstrom%2C+R+G%3BElliott%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; plants; DNA; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of Streptomyces melC and choA genes by a cloned Streptococcus thermophilus promoter ST sub(P2201) AN - 16847602; 3785517 AB - Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) chromosomal DNA (chr DNA) fragments having promoter activity were cloned and selected in Escherichia coli using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase- (cat-) based promoter-probe vector pKK520-3. Insertion of a promoterless streptomycete melanin biosynthesis operon (melC) downstream from the promoters of the library further identified clone ST sub(P2201) as a strong promoter in E. coli. Subcloning of a ST sub(P2201)-melC DNA fragment into the pMEU-series S. thermophilus - E. coli shuttle vectors yielded pEU5xML2201x plasmids that conferred Mel super(+) phenotype to E. coli. The pEU5aML2201a was further shown to afford a high level of tyrosinase production (2 units mg super(-1) protein) in E. coli, and to produce an apparently inactive melC gene product that reacts with anti-tyrosinase antiserum in S. thermophilus. Substituting melC with a streptomycete cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) in the same orientation yielded pEU5aCH2201a that conferred ChoA activity to an E. coli transformant at a level of (1.06 plus or minus 0.15) x 10 super(-7) units mg super(-1) protein. Introduction of this plasmid into S. thermophilus by electrotransformation yielded ChoA super(+) transformant that produced the enzyme at about 25% of the level found in E. coli. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Somkuti, G A AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - choA gene KW - melC gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptomyces KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - gene expression KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16847602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+Streptomyces+melC+and+choA+genes+by+a+cloned+Streptococcus+thermophilus+promoter+ST+sub%28P2201%29&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene expression; Streptomyces; Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of a tomato polygalacturonase expressed in abscission AN - 16846794; 3778925 AB - Abscission, organ separation, is accompanied by cell wall breakdown in separation layer cells. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), ethylene-induced abscission is correlated with an increase in polygalacturonase (PG) and endo- beta -1,4-D-glucanase (cellulase) activity. We have identified a putative, abscission-specific cDNA clone for PG, pTAPG1. The TAPG1 cDNA has 43% identity at the amino acid level with the tomato fruit PG. Genomic blot analysis suggests that the gene for TAPG1 is a member of a small subfamily of PG genes that is distinct from the tomato fruit PG. The TAPG1 cDNA hybridizes to mRNA expressed during the course of ethylene-induced leaf and flower abscission. A high level of PG transcript accumulation coincides with the occurrence of abscission. Auxin, an abscission inhibitor, and silver thiosulfate, an ethylene action inhibitor, suppressed accumulation of mRNA in leaf abscission zones complementary to the TAPG1 cDNA. Expression of TAPG1 transcripts is several-fold higher in flower abscission zones than in leaf abscission zones. The identification of cDNAs that encode abscission-specific PG provide and additional tool to study the regulation of abscission and cell wall dissolution in separation layer cells. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Kalaitzis, P AU - Koehler, S M AU - Tucker, M L AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab, USDA/ARS, Build. 006, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 647 EP - 656 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - polygalacturonase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - cloning KW - abscission KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16846794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+a+tomato+polygalacturonase+expressed+in+abscission&rft.au=Kalaitzis%2C+P%3BKoehler%2C+S+M%3BTucker%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Kalaitzis&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning; abscission; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root cortex death and subsequent initiation and growth of lateral roots from bare steles of chickpeas AN - 16845274; 3780098 AB - The anatomical responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) roots to aging and severe water deficits and their capacity for subsequent initiation and growth of new lateral roots after rewatering are only partially known. This study was conducted to characterize the degeneration of epidermal and cortical cells of chickpea roots and the subsequent initiation and growth of new roots from bare steles, i.e., steles surrounded by an endodermis but lacking other parts of the cortex. Chickpea plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse under standard culture conditions (potting mix and daily watering) or drought treatments. For drought treatments, plants were grown in sand and exposed to repeated 10-d treatments of water deficits and rewatering. In standard culture conditions, older cortices collapsed and deteriorated but not simply as a function of chronological age. After one 10-d drought treatment, the epidermis and outer cortex of primary and some secondary and tertiary roots collapsed and after a subsequent rewatering treatment, the epidermis and cortex deteriorated and sloughed from steles. In both standard and drought conditions, bare steles were able to sustain growing root tips, indicating that the endodermis was effective in preserving stelar functions. In droughted plants, bare steles were able to initiate new lateral roots from the pericycle after rewatering, indicating that cortical tissue other than the endodermis was not necessary for secondary and tertiary chickpea roots to initiate new lateral roots. In a given root system exposed to the drought treatments, although the cortex collapsed on some roots, the cortices of other secondary roots did not collapse or deteriorate under similar severe conditions. The reason for cortical survival is unclear, but the response of these roots was similar to roots that have a suberized hypodermal layer which protects underlying cortical tissues from excessive drying. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Spaeth, S C AU - Cortes, P M AD - Grain Legume Genet. and Physiol. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 253 EP - 261 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - regeneration KW - droughts KW - roots KW - aging KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16845274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Root+cortex+death+and+subsequent+initiation+and+growth+of+lateral+roots+from+bare+steles+of+chickpeas&rft.au=Spaeth%2C+S+C%3BCortes%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Spaeth&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cicer arietinum; roots; droughts; aging; regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of biotic and abiotic stress on induced accumulation of terpenes and phenolics in red pines inoculated with bark beetle-vectored fungus AN - 16844593; 3778663 AB - This study characterized the chemical response of healthy red pine to artificial inoculation with the bark beetle-vectored fungus Leptographium terebrantis. In addition, we sought to determine whether stress altered this induced response and to understand the implications of these interactions to the study of decline diseases. Twenty-five-year-old trees responded to mechanical wounding or inoculation with L. terebrantis by producing resinous reaction lesions in the phloem. Aseptically wounded and wound-inoculated phloem contained higher concentrations of phenolics than did constitutive tissue. Trees inoculated with L. terebrantis also contained higher concentrations of six monoterpenes, alpha -pinene, beta -pinene, 3-carene, limonene, camphene, and myrcene, and higher total monoterpenes than did trees that were mechanically wounded or left unwounded. Concentrations of these monoterpenes increased with time after inoculation. Total phenolic concentrations in unwounded stem tissue did not differ between healthy and root-diseased trees. Likewise, constitutive monoterpene concentrations in stem phloem were similar between healthy and root-diseased trees. However, when stem phloem tissue was challenged with fungal inoculations, reaction tissue from root-diseased trees contained lower concentrations of alpha -pinene, the predominant monoterpene in red pine, than did reaction tissue from healthy trees. Seedlings stressed by exposure to low light levels exhibited less extensive induced chemical changes when challenge inoculated with L. terebrantis than did seedlings growing under higher light. Stem phloem tissue in these seedlings contained lower concentrations of alpha -pinene than did nonstressed seedlings also challenge inoculated with L. terebrantis. It is hypothesized that monoterpenes and phenolics play a role in the defensive response of red pine against insect-fungal attack, that stress may predispose red pine to attack by insect-fungal complexes, and that such interactions are involved in red pine decline disease. Implications to plant defense theory and interactions among multiple stress agents in forest decline are discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Kruger, EL AU - Smalley, E B AU - Raffa, K F AD - USDA Forest Ser., 2500 Shreveport Highw., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 601 EP - 626 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - terpenes KW - phenolic compounds KW - alpha -pinene KW - phenols KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - fungi KW - Leptographium terebrantis KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus resinosa KW - vectors KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04636:Grasses KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16844593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+biotic+and+abiotic+stress+on+induced+accumulation+of+terpenes+and+phenolics+in+red+pines+inoculated+with+bark+beetle-vectored+fungus&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BKruger%2C+EL%3BSmalley%2C+E+B%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; Leptographium terebrantis; fungi; vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for lipooligosaccharide of Serpulina hyodysenteriae AN - 16844442; 3771218 AB - Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a contagious mucohemorrhagic disease of the colon. Diagnosis of swine dysentery is extremely difficult because of the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to the proteins of S. hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens, a nonpathogenic inhabitant of the porcine large intestine. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the serotype-specific lipooligosaccharide (LOS) antigens of S. hyodysenteriae were produced to rapidly differentiate S. hyodysenteriae from S. innocens. Whole-cell preparations of S. hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 through 7 were used as antigens. MAbs were characterized by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole-cell or LOS antigen and by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with whole-cell lysates as antigen. A total of 12 LOS-specific MAbs which could identify and differentiate the seven original serotypes of S. hyodysenteriae were produced. The MAb serospecificities are as follows: MAb 9G8, serotype 1; MAb 31D9, serotype 2; MAb 7D3, serotypes 2 and 7; MAb 24B7, serotype 3; MAb 13C2, serotype 4; MAb 18E9, serotype 4; MAb 2B7, serotype 6; MAb 1D2, serotypes 2, 5, and 7; MAb 9C5, serotypes 2, 5, and 7; MAb 11C9, serotype 7; MAb 11E10, serotype 7; and MAb 6G11, serotype 7. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Westerman, R B AU - Phillips, R M AU - Joens, LA AD - U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2145 EP - 2149 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16844442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+and+characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+specific+for+lipooligosaccharide+of+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae&rft.au=Westerman%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+R+M%3BJoens%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Westerman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; Serpulina hyodysenteriae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expanded response surface model for predicting the effects of temperatures, pH, sodium chloride contents and sodium nitrite concentrations on the growth rate of Yersinia enterocolitica AN - 16842541; 3781159 AB - The previously reported data set for the low temperature (5, 12 and 19 degree C) of Yersinia enterocolitica was expanded to include higher abusive temperature (28, 37 and 42 degree C). In addition to temperature, the data set included the effects and interactions of pH (4.5-8.5), sodium chloride (0.5-5%) and sodium nitrite (0-200 mu g ml super(-1)) on the aerobic growth of Y. enterocolitica in brain heart infusion broth. Growth curves were modeled by fitting viable count data to the Gompertz equation. Quadratic models of natural logarithm transformations of the Gompertz B and M values and the derived values for lag phase durations and generation times were obtained using response surface analyses. Predictions based on the models for B and M values were comparable to predictions based on the derived values. These revised models provide an expanded means for rapidly estimating how the bacterium is likely to respond to any combination of the four variables within the specified ranges. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Phillips, J G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 163 EP - 170 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - temperature KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium nitrite KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - growth rate KW - pH KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Expanded+response+surface+model+for+predicting+the+effects+of+temperatures%2C+pH%2C+sodium+chloride+contents+and+sodium+nitrite+concentrations+on+the+growth+rate+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica&rft.au=Bhaduri%2C+S%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Bhaduri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia enterocolitica; pH; growth rate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical biogeography and modes of speciation across high-latitude seas of the Holarctic: Concepts for host-parasite coevolution among the Phocini (Phocidae) and Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda) AN - 16842438; 3778271 AB - Species of Anophryocephalus are host-specific parasites of pinnipeds in the Holarctic. Phylogenetic analysis of 7 species postulates A. anophrys as the basal taxon and A. inuitorum as basal to A. skrjabini; A. arcticensis is basal to A. nunivakensis and A. eumetopii + A. ochotensis (single tree; consistency index = 74.4%; homoplasy slope ratio = 36.45%). Evaluation of host and geographic distributions postulates ringed seals of the Atlantic-Arctic as ancestral hosts, and the Arctic basin as a paraphyletic area with respect to the North Pacific. Cospeciation within this assemblage was dependent on intense isolation of small effective populations of definitive hosts during the late Tertiary and Pleistocene glacial stages. Rapid modes of parasite speciation, compatible with microallopatry and peripheral isolation, appear to have been associated with isolation of pinniped populations in refugial habitats of the Arctic basin and Beringia. The biogeography of host-parasite assemblages among pinnipeds and Alcidae (Charadriiformes) during the Pliocene and Quaternary contrasts in part with the history elucidated for some free-living invertebrate taxa in the Arctic basin. JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie AU - Hoberg, E P AD - USDA-ARS, Biosyst. and Natl. Parasite Collect. Unit, BARC East, Build. 1180, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 45 EP - 57 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0008-4301, 0008-4301 KW - Anophryocephalus KW - biological speciation KW - historical ecology KW - isolation KW - marine mammals KW - polar waters KW - speciation KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Holarctic Region KW - Marine KW - parasites KW - biogeography KW - evolution KW - hosts KW - Phocidae KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08245:Genetics and evolution KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q1 08375:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.atitle=Historical+biogeography+and+modes+of+speciation+across+high-latitude+seas+of+the+Holarctic%3A+Concepts+for+host-parasite+coevolution+among+the+Phocini+%28Phocidae%29+and+Tetrabothriidae+%28Eucestoda%29&rft.au=Hoberg%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Hoberg&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.issn=00084301&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polar waters; parasites; marine mammals; hosts; biogeography; evolution; biological speciation; isolation; speciation; historical ecology; Phocidae; Holarctic Region; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on the embryonic development of Aphthona abdominalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a natural enemy of Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae) AN - 16838961; 3778725 AB - The flea beetle Aphthona abdominalis Duftschmid was selected as a candidate for biological control of Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge) in North America, where this introduced plant is a serious weed. The insect was collected and studied in Italy, where it occurs naturally. As part of the study of its life history, the effect of temperature on embryonic development was investigated at constant temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 38, and 41 degree C, and variable temperatures were used as well. Survival and developmental rates were obtained. The median values used to calculate the time required for embryonic development through the thermal summation, a linear regression, and the logistic equation are discussed. The experimental data gave a developmental zero between 12 and 13 degree C. Embryos completed their development at constant temperatures from 15 to 38 degree C. Development required from 32.6 d at 15 degree C to only 4.5 d at 35 degree C constant temperatures. A. abdominalis was cleared and introduced into the United States during 1993. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fornasari, L AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, BP 4168-AGROPOLIS II, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 720 EP - 723 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Aphthona abdominalis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - embryogenesis KW - natural enemies KW - Euphorbia esula KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+the+embryonic+development+of+Aphthona+abdominalis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29%2C+a+natural+enemy+of+Euphorbia+esula+%28Euphorbiales%3A+Euphorbiaceae%29&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Euphorbia esula; embryogenesis; natural enemies; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fire ant reactions to attacks of Pseudacteon flies (Diptera: Phoridae) in southeastern Brazil AN - 16838719; 3773580 AB - We studied the responses of Solenopsis fire ants to Pseudacteon phorid fly attacks in southeastern Brazil. The presence of these phorid parasites triggered a suite of phorid-specific defense responses including reduced foraging, bait guarding, a curled defensive posture, and general colony immobility. The existence of these phorid-specific defenses indicates that Pseudacteon phorids exert substantial evolutionary pressure on South American fire ant populations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Porter, S D AU - Vander Meer, RK AU - Pesquero, MA AU - Campiolo, S AU - Fowler, H G AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 570 EP - 575 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pseudacteon KW - parasites KW - Formicidae KW - defensive behavior KW - Solenopsis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Brazil KW - Phoridae KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05198:Defense & offense KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Solenopsis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+fire+ant+reactions+to+attacks+of+Pseudacteon+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Phoridae%29+in+southeastern+Brazil&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BVander+Meer%2C+RK%3BPesquero%2C+MA%3BCampiolo%2C+S%3BFowler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis; Pseudacteon; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; Diptera; Phoridae; Brazil; defensive behavior; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex PCR AN - 16836963; 3771222 AB - In order to develop a PCR assay for Escherichia coli O157:H7, a portion of the 60-MDa plasmid harbored by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) was sequenced and PCR primers were designed. A multiplex PCR method was then designed by employing primers specific for the EHEC eaeA gene, conserved sequences of Shiga-like toxins I (SLT-I) and II (SLT-II), and the 60-MDa plasmid. PCR products of 1,087 bp (eaeA), 227 and/or 224 bp (SLT-I and/or SLT-II), and 166 bp (plasmid) were successfully amplified simultaneously in a single reaction. The multiplex PCR method can be used to specifically identify EHEC of serogroup O157. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Sackitey, S K AU - Wiedmann, M AU - Yi Deng, M AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2188 EP - 2191 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - eaeA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16836963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+by+multiplex+PCR&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BSackitey%2C+S+K%3BWiedmann%2C+M%3BYi+Deng%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity in Salmonella enteritidis by an improved gel electrophoresis method AN - 16835971; 3772918 AB - Salmonella enteritidis field isolates of different phage types and pathogenicities were assessed for changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, using an improved method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) that revealed the same degree of structural detail as mass spectroscopy. The method allowed characterization of an LPS chemotype that may be associated, regardless of phage type, with increased virulence of S. enteritidis. The virulent variant SE6-E21, which efficiently contaminates eggs and yields high numbers of organisms from chick spleens, had an O-antigen/core ratio of 2.8, as determined from gels by densitometry, and 1.67 mu g of mannose per mu g of 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid (KDO), while the avirulent variant SE6-E5 had O-antigen/core ratios of 1.2 and 1.00. The association between O antigen and virulence was also seen on analysis of five new field isolates. One of the new field isolates generated a mixed population of smooth and semismooth variants in agreement with its mixed virulence in chicks. When LPS was purified from large-volume cultures, only the most virulent isolate yielded high amounts of O antigen (1.6 mu g of mannose per mu g of KDO), while the other isolates had ratios characteristic of semismooth variants ( less than or equal to 1.0 mu g of mannose per mu g of KDO), including the isolate of mixed virulence. These results indicate that the improved PAGE method might provide a rapid, sensitive, in vitro assessment of field isolate virulence prior to the performance of definitive infectivity trials. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Lakshmi, B AU - Carlson, R AU - Ingram, K AD - Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2845 EP - 2851 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gel electrophoresis KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01014:Others KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16835971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+lipopolysaccharide+heterogeneity+in+Salmonella+enteritidis+by+an+improved+gel+electrophoresis+method&rft.au=Guard-Petter%2C+J%3BLakshmi%2C+B%3BCarlson%2C+R%3BIngram%2C+K&rft.aulast=Guard-Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disturbance of natural vegetation by camping: Experimental applications of low-level stress AN - 16834481; 3773051 AB - Previously undisturbed sites in four different vegetation types were camped on for one night and for four nights. Changes in vegetation cover and vegetation height were measured after camping and one year later. Results are presented separately for different campsite zones-parts of the site where campers slept, cooked meals, and stored their packs. Just one night of camping was sufficient to cause evident impact in all four vegetation types, although the amount of impact varied significantly between zones and between vegetation types. Vegetation impact on campsites used four nights was generally less than twice as severe as impact on the sites used one night. The effects of camping on vegetation were also predicted for 12 other vegetation types on the basis of vegetational responses to experimental trampling. These results suggest that impact can almost always be minimized by confining camping to a small number of campsites instead of dispersing use across many campsites. JF - Environmental Management AU - Cole, D N AD - Aldo Leopold Wild. Res. Inst. Forest Serv., USDA, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 405 EP - 416 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - wilderness KW - disturbance KW - human impact KW - vegetation KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16834481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Disturbance+of+natural+vegetation+by+camping%3A+Experimental+applications+of+low-level+stress&rft.au=Cole%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disturbance; human impact; vegetation; wilderness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Normalization of sun/view angle effects using spectral albedo-based vegetation indices AN - 16834203; 3773067 AB - Current vegetation indices are normally computed with directional spectral reflectances and are subjected to many external perturbations such as soil background variations, atmospheric conditions, geometric registration, and especially sensor viewing geometry. Subsequent use of these indices to estimate vegetation amounts would result in substantial uncertainties. To reduce the uncertainties due to sun/view angle variations, spectral albedos, which are integrated reflectance values over a hemisphere of the surface within the specific spectral waveband, were derived from multidirectional measurements and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models and were subsequently used in vegetation index computations. The albedo-based vegetation indices were then compared with those computed with spectral reflectances using ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based remote sensing measurements over harvested alfalfa, full-cover cotton canopy, pecan orchards, and bare soil surfaces. The results showed that spectral albedo-based vegetation indices were independent of view angles while the spectral reflectance vegetation indices varied substantially with sensor viewing geometry. Therefore, the view angle effects on spectral vegetation indices can be normalized, and the sun angle effects can be further reduced with a limited number of multidirectional measurements and BRDF models. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Qi, J AU - Moran AU - Cabot, F AU - Dedieu, G AD - Water Conserv. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4331 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 207 EP - 217 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - albedo KW - vegetation KW - remote sensing KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16834203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Normalization+of+sun%2Fview+angle+effects+using+spectral+albedo-based+vegetation+indices&rft.au=Qi%2C+J%3BMoran%3BCabot%2C+F%3BDedieu%2C+G&rft.aulast=Qi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; vegetation; albedo ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spittlebug (Homoptera: Cercopidae) life cycle on buffelgrass in northwestern Mexico AN - 16833109; 3772390 AB - The spittlebug, Aeneolamia albofasciata Lalleman, is the most economically important insect pest of buffelgrass pastures in Mexico. In 1984-1986 we studied the effect of climate on the life cycle of this insect in Sonora, Mexico, by monitoring spittlebug nymph and adult densities in relation to summer precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures. The amount of summer precipitation appeared to be the most important climatic factor affecting spittlebug population density and duration of nymphal and adult life stages. The correlation coefficient between cumulative summer rainfall and density of nymphs was 0.93, and for adults it was 0.92 in the 3 yr. Mean maximum, and minimum temperatures, however, were not related to adult or nymphal densities in any year. Hatch of overwintered eggs was initiated after 45-60 mm of summer rainfall. Total and peak adults were higher in 1984 when precipitation was two times above normal (320 mm) than in 1985 and 1986 when precipitation was below and approximately average. Insect densities declined when precipitation was below normal (286 mm) in 1985. Life-cycle duration from the first-instar nymph through adult averaged 43 plus or minus 3 d across the 3 yr. The spittlebug was univoltine in 1985 and 1986, however, during wet years (such as 1984), nymphal and adult stages can be present for a longer period. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Martin, R M AU - Cox, J R AU - Alston, D G AU - Ibarra, F F AD - Forage and Range Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 471 EP - 478 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Aeneolamia albofasciata KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mexico KW - life cycle KW - Homoptera KW - Cercopidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spittlebug+%28Homoptera%3A+Cercopidae%29+life+cycle+on+buffelgrass+in+northwestern+Mexico&rft.au=Martin%2C+R+M%3BCox%2C+J+R%3BAlston%2C+D+G%3BIbarra%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homoptera; Cercopidae; Mexico; life cycle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of forest management practices on terrestrial coleopteran assemblages in sand pine scrub AN - 16833067; 3772386 AB - Coleopteran assemblages were sampled monthly for one year using pitfall traps in replicated sites of three 5- to 7-year-old disturbance treatments and mature forested sand pine scrub in the Ocala National Forest, Marion County, Florida. Disturbance treatments were (1) burning at high-intensity and salvage-logging; (2) clearcutting, roller-chopping and broadcast seeding, and; (3) clearcutting and bracke-seeding. Community similarity of coleopterans was high. No differences in species richness, diversity, density, or evenness were detected. Of 40 species captured, only seven were common (n > 50). Predaceous beetles were numerically dominant followed by scavengers. Few xylophagous or herbivorous coleopterans were captured, probably due to trap bias. Peaks of annual above-ground terrestrial activity varied among species. An absence of differences among treatments may reflect similar plant communities or structural habitat features. Additionally, a dearth of mature forest specialists might be predicted in systems where mature forest was historically rare due to large-scale, high-intensity, and low-frequency wildfire. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Thomas, M C AD - USDA Forest Serv. Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 118 Newins-Zeigler Hall, P.O. Box 14524, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 271 EP - 285 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - wildfire KW - forest management KW - USA, Florida KW - Coleoptera KW - clear cutting KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+forest+management+practices+on+terrestrial+coleopteran+assemblages+in+sand+pine+scrub&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BThomas%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; USA, Florida; forest management; clear cutting; wildfire ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of scales and other insect debris: Occupational health hazard in a lepidopterous rearing facility AN - 16832936; 3770573 AB - Scales and other body parts of Lepidoptera are known allergens and pose a serious health hazard for workers in rearing programs. Researchers of the Crop Science Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), located at Mississippi State, MS, have reared lepidopterous insects since the late 1960s. Efforts have been made by them to continuously improve management of the moth scale problem and reduce allergic reactions suffered by workers. We developed strategy that requires a separate facility for housing the moth colonies, oviposition cages that facilitate exit of scales and other debris, an improved air filtration system, and sanitation procedures. The strategy used currently (coined ALERT for Advanced Lepidoptera Environmental Rearing Technology) for scale management efficiently minimizes this serious occupational hazard. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Davis, F M AU - Jenkins, J N AD - Crop Sci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 185 EP - 191 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest control KW - allergens KW - occupational exposure KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - X 24173:Animals KW - H SI0.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16832936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Management+of+scales+and+other+insect+debris%3A+Occupational+health+hazard+in+a+lepidopterous+rearing+facility&rft.au=Davis%2C+F+M%3BJenkins%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; pest control; allergens; occupational exposure; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee) and comparison with U. polygonalis maorialis (Felder) (Crambidae) AN - 16832899; 3772395 AB - The biology of Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee) is described, and the unpublished thesis of Mulvay on Uresiphita polygonalis maorialis (Felder) is summarized. The biologies of the two species are identical in many regards. Eggs are cream colored and laid in overlapping clusters of up to 80. Larvae undergo five instars; they are brightly colored, gregarious, and aposematic. Pupae are dark brown. Overwintering usually occurs in the pupal stage. Adults are active nocturnally and are superficially similar, with dark brown forewings and light orange hindwings with brown markings along the outer margin. In contrast to larvae, adults of both species are suspected to be palatable to predators on the basis of their color, nocturnal activity, and absence of sequestered quinolizidine alkaloids in adults of U. reversalis. Both species are multivoltine. Larvae of U. reversalis are diurnally active but feed throughout the night under warm temperatures. JF - Journal of the Lepidopterists Society AU - Leen, R AD - USDA, Forest Serv. Quarantine Facil., P.O. Box 236, Volcano, HI 96785, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 163 EP - 170 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0024-0966, 0024-0966 KW - Uresiphita KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - North America KW - Pyralidae KW - life history KW - activity patterns KW - Lepidoptera KW - overwintering KW - New Zealand KW - Crambidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16832899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Lepidopterists+Society&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Uresiphita+reversalis+%28Guenee%29+and+comparison+with+U.+polygonalis+maorialis+%28Felder%29+%28Crambidae%29&rft.au=Leen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Leen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Lepidopterists+Society&rft.issn=00240966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Crambidae; Pyralidae; New Zealand; North America; life history; overwintering; activity patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spiroplasma velocicrescens sp. nov., from the vespid wasp Monobia quadridens AN - 16831300; 3775021 AB - Spiroplasma strain MQ-4 super(T) (T = type strain), which was isolated from the hemolymph of the vespid wasp Monobia quadridens, was serologically distinct from other Spiroplasma species, groups, putative groups, and subgroups. Each strain MQ-4 super(T) cell was helical and motile and was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane; there was no evidence of a cell wall. The strain grew well in 1% serum fraction medium, as well as in SM-1, M1D, and SP-4 liquid media, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Strain MQ-4 super(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 10 to 41 degree C but did not grow at 43 degree C. The strain grew optimally at 37 degree C with a doubling time of 0.6 h, the shortest doubling time recorded for any Spiroplasma. Strain MQ-4 super(T) catabolized glucose and arginine but did not hydrolyze urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was about 27.5 plus or minus 1 mol%. The genome size was 1,480 kbp (940 MDa). Strain MQ-4 (= ATCC 35262) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma velocicrescens. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Konai, M AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Tully, J G AU - Rose, D L AU - Carle, P AU - Bove, J M AU - Henegar, R B AU - Hackett, K J AU - Clark, T B AU - Williamson, D L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 203 EP - 206 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Spiroplasma velocicrescens KW - Monobia quadridens KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cytoplasmic membranes KW - Vespidae KW - DNA KW - taxonomy KW - Hymenoptera KW - culture systems KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Spiroplasma+velocicrescens+sp.+nov.%2C+from+the+vespid+wasp+Monobia+quadridens&rft.au=Konai%2C+M%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F%3BTully%2C+J+G%3BRose%2C+D+L%3BCarle%2C+P%3BBove%2C+J+M%3BHenegar%2C+R+B%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BClark%2C+T+B%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Konai&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vespidae; Hymenoptera; taxonomy; cytoplasmic membranes; culture systems; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of spleen cell proliferation in response to Brucella abortus 2308 lipopolysaccharide or proteins in mice vaccinated with strain 19 or RB51 AN - 16830809; 3772683 AB - Mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 (S19) or RB51 (SRB51) had spleen cells which proliferated in response to proteins of 32, 27, 18, and <18 kDa but not in response to proteins of 106, 80, and 49 kDa from B. abortus 2308 (S2308) following vaccination and challenge infection with S2308. Spleen cells from mice vaccinated with S19 but not with SRB51 had increased proliferation in response to S2308 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following challenge infection with S2308. We previously reported that mice vaccinated with S19 or SRB51, which were analyzed in the current study, have increased resistance to infection with S2308 and that only mice vaccinated with S19 produce antibody to S2308 LPS (M. Stevens, S. Olsen, G. Pugh, Jr., and D. Brees, Infect. Immun. 63:264-270, 1995). The results from our current and previous studies support the contention that vaccination of mice with S19 or SRB51 induces protection from infection with S2308 by cell-mediated immune responses to the same immunodominant (32, 27, 18, and <18 kDa) protein antigens of S2308. In addition, the absence of S2308 LPS-responsive spleen cells and antibody to S2308 LPS in mice vaccinated with SRB51 suggests that immune responses to LPS have no role in SRB51-induced protective immunity. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, GW Jr AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3199 EP - 3205 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - Brucella abortus KW - splenocytes KW - proteins KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16830809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+spleen+cell+proliferation+in+response+to+Brucella+abortus+2308+lipopolysaccharide+or+proteins+in+mice+vaccinated+with+strain+19+or+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; proteins; splenocytes; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties and productivity of recently tilled grass sod and 70-year cultivated soil AN - 16830797; 3770309 AB - The 1985 Food Security Act established the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) whereby highly erodible land was placed into sod or trees for 10 years. Detailed information on the effects of grass sod on soil properties and productivity is needed in order to fully understand the impact of returning the retired land to production. In this study, land that had been in grass sod for about 30 years was converted to cotton and sorghum production in 1985. Yields were measured from 1985 through 1991 on that land and land that was continuously cultivated for 70 years. Selected soil properties were also measured after the study. Silt content, organic matter, and wet soil stability were higher in the surface soil of the grass sod than in the cultivated fields. Clod density was lower in the grass sod than in the cultivated fields. Sorghum biomass was higher in the recently converted field but yield differences between the converted and continuously cultivated field were not observed after fertilization. Cotton lint yields did not increase on the recently converted grassland. These results suggest economists must consider the crop grown when estimating yields of crops grown on land previously in the CRP. Crops may differ in yield and how they respond to management after conversion. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Zobeck, T M AU - Rolong, NA AU - Fryrear, D W AU - Bilbro, J D AU - Allen, B L AD - USDA-ARS, Wind Erosion Res. Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 210 EP - 215 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil physical properties KW - erosion control KW - cropland KW - cultivated lands KW - grasslands KW - trees KW - soil erosion KW - productivity KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16830797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Properties+and+productivity+of+recently+tilled+grass+sod+and+70-year+cultivated+soil&rft.au=Zobeck%2C+T+M%3BRolong%2C+NA%3BFryrear%2C+D+W%3BBilbro%2C+J+D%3BAllen%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Zobeck&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cultivated lands; soil erosion; productivity; grasslands; trees; soil physical properties; cropland; erosion control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Niche partitioning by four Gelis spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) hyperparasitoids of the primary gypsy moth parasitoid Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16829327; 3772399 AB - A year-long examination of exposed Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) cocoons at three sites in Maryland yielded 20 species of hyperparasitoids. Four of the seven species that co-occurred at all three sites were Gelis apantelis Cushman, G. obscurus (Cresson), G. tenellus (Say), and a fourth unidentified Gelis sp. Each of the four species demonstrated periods of peak attack activity that varied by site. Size or species of tree on which the C. melanoscela cocoons were placed had little or no influence on Gelis parasitism of the cocoons. The height of cocoon exposure did influence Gelis attack: G. apantelis, G. obscurus, and the fourth Gelis sp. parasitized proportionally more cocoons at the lower heights, and G. tenellus proportionally attacked more cocoons placed higher in the trees. Temporal and spatial overlap of the Gelis spp. allowed competition between the species for utilization of the C. melanoscela resource. When two or more of the Gelis spp. co-occurred on a tree during an exposure period, distributions of individual species were usually reduced. However, the influence of interspecific competition between the Gelis spp. may be lessened because of the wide host range and long adult life spans. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Wieber, A M AU - Cook, S P AU - Webb, R E AU - Tatman, K M AU - Reardon, R C AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 402, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 427 EP - 433 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Gelis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ichneumonidae KW - Braconidae KW - niche breadth KW - resource partitioning KW - Cotesia melanoscela KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Niche+partitioning+by+four+Gelis+spp.+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29+hyperparasitoids+of+the+primary+gypsy+moth+parasitoid+Cotesia+melanoscela+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Wieber%2C+A+M%3BCook%2C+S+P%3BWebb%2C+R+E%3BTatman%2C+K+M%3BReardon%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Wieber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotesia melanoscela; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Ichneumonidae; niche breadth; resource partitioning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of immune responses and resistance to brucellosis in mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 or RB51 AN - 16828144; 3774601 AB - Immune responses and resistance to infection with Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) were measured in mice following vaccination with B. abortus 19 (S19) or the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51 (SRB51). Live bacteria persisted for 8 weeks in spleens of mice vaccinated with 5 x 10 super(6) or 5 x 10 super(8) CFU of SRB51, whereas bacteria persisted for 12 weeks in mice vaccinated with 5 x 10 super(6) CFU of S19. Mice vaccinated with 5 x 10 super(6) or 5 x 10 super(8) CFU of SRB51 had increased resistance to infection with S2308 at 12, 16, and 20 weeks after vaccination, but the resistance was lower than that induced by vaccinating mice with 5 x 10 super(6) CFU of S19. Spleen cells obtained from mice vaccinated with S19 or SRB51 generally exhibited similar proliferative responses to S2308 bacteria or bacterial proteins (106 to 18 kDa) following challenge of mice with S2308 at 12, 16, or 20 weeks after vaccination. Mice vaccinated with S19 had antibody to S2308 bacteria and S2308 smooth LPS at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after vaccination. In contrast, mice vaccinated with either dose of SRB51 did not produce antibody to S2308 smooth LPS. In addition, only mice vaccinated with the highest dose of SRB51 (5 x 10 super(8) CFU) had antibody responses to S2308 bacteria, although the responses were lower and less persistent than those in mice vaccinated with S19. Collectively, these results indicate that SRB51-vaccinated mice have similar cell-mediated immune responses to S2308 but lower resistance to infection with S2308 compared with S19-vaccinated mice. The lower resistance in SRB51-vaccinated mice probably resulted from a combination of rapid clearance of SRB51 and an absence of antibodies to S2308 LPS. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, GW Jr AU - Brees, D AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 264 EP - 270 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16828144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+immune+responses+and+resistance+to+brucellosis+in+mice+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+19+or+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr%3BBrees%2C+D&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; immune response; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric acid adsorption on ice: A preliminary study AN - 16828110; 3773802 JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Laird, S K AU - Sommerfeld, R A AD - Rocky Mountain Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 921 EP - 923 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - nitric acid KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - atmospheric chemistry KW - adsorption KW - acid rain KW - ice KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16828110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Nitric+acid+adsorption+on+ice%3A+A+preliminary+study&rft.au=Laird%2C+S+K%3BSommerfeld%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; ice; atmospheric chemistry; acid rain; nitric acid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of propagule size, soil fertility, and photoperiod on growth and propagule production by three species of submersed macrophytes AN - 16827836; 3769439 AB - Potamogeton pectinatus, P. gramineus, and monoecious Hydrilla verticillata were grown in greenhouse experiments at 2 photoperiods, 5 levels of sediment nutrients, and from initial propagules of 3 different size classes to determine how these factors influenced growth and production of vegetative propagules. Potamogeton pectinatus weight increased with increasing tuber size and soil fertility, but differences between plants grown at two photoperiods were small. Mean weight of tubers was greater for plants grown under a 10-h photoperiod and from tubers in the medium or large size class. Tuber production by plants grown from small tubers under a 10-h photoperiod was much less and was about the same as that for all plants grown under the 16-h photoperiod whatever the initial tuber size. Potamogeton gramineus weight was greater for plants grown on more fertile soils at the 16-h photoperiod. Plant weights at the 10-h photoperiod were less affected by soil fertility. Plants from larger winter buds weighed more. Winter buds were only produced under the 10-h photoperiod. For H. verticillata, there were several significant interactions. In general, plants from larger tubers weighed more if they grew on more fertile soils or at the 16-h photoperiod. Plants grown at the short photoperiod produced more tubers with increasing soil fertility and with increasing propagule size. These results imply that propagule size may be important in determining aquatic plant persistence in an area through its effects on growth and propagule production. JF - Wetlands AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Weed Sci. Program, Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 134 EP - 140 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - freshwater weeds KW - macrophytes KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - photoperiods KW - plant growth KW - reproduction KW - soil fertility KW - soil properties KW - soils KW - vegetative reproduction KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - ecology KW - aquatic plants KW - growth KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16827836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Influence+of+propagule+size%2C+soil+fertility%2C+and+photoperiod+on+growth+and+propagule+production+by+three+species+of+submersed+macrophytes&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soils; plant growth; aquatic plants; ecology; nutrients (mineral); reproduction; photoperiods; vegetative reproduction; freshwater weeds; growth; soil fertility; soil properties; macrophytes; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wood delta super(13)C as a measure of annual basal area growth and soil water stress in a Pinus strobus forest AN - 16827241; 3769488 AB - The relationships between annual wood tissue delta super(13)C, growing season soil water potential, and basal area growth were studied in a mature, white pine (Pinus strobus) stand at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, in western North Carolina. In 1992, four bolewood cores that spanned the years from 1980 to 1989 were extracted from each of ten equal-size, co-dominant white pine trees within the stand. The 1980s were a time of extreme climate with some of the hottest, driest, and wettest years recorded at Coweeta. Annual basal area growth ranged from 14.5 to 25.0 cm super(2)/tree/yr, and modeled values of average growing season soil water potential ranged from -0.21 to -5.58 MPa, when measured to a depth of 60 cm. After correcting annual wood tissue delta super(13)C for atmospheric changes in delta super(13)C, carbon isotopic discrimination ( Delta ) ranged from 18.52 to 19.62ppt. The Delta of annual wood tissue was positively correlated with average growing season soil water potential (r super(2) = 0.74, P = 0.0005, n = 10 growing seasons) and average annual basal area growth (r super(2) = 0.78, P = 0.0002, n = 10 seasons). Basal area growth and growing season soil water potential were also correlated (r super(2) = 0.64, P = 0.002, n = 10 seasons). These results suggest that annual wood tissue delta super(13)C could potentially be useful in estimating historic changes in soil water potential and basal area growth in mature forest ecosystems. JF - Ecology AU - McNulty, S G AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Serv., RWU 4051, Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1581 EP - 1586 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Pinus strobus KW - nutrient retention KW - water availability KW - carbon KW - soil water KW - available water KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - plants KW - water stress KW - trees KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16827241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Wood+delta+super%2813%29C+as+a+measure+of+annual+basal+area+growth+and+soil+water+stress+in+a+Pinus+strobus+forest&rft.au=McNulty%2C+S+G%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=McNulty&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus strobus; carbon; growth; soil water; water stress; available water; plants; trees; USA, North Carolina; nutrient retention; water availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of corn and peanut cultivation on soil populations of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in southwestern Georgia AN - 16826578; 3765816 AB - The effect of corn and peanut cultivation on the proportion of Aspergillus flavus to A. parasiticus in soil was examined. Soil populations were monitored in three fields during three different years in southwestern Georgia. Each field was planted in both peanuts and corn, and soil was sampled within plots for each crop. A. flavus and A. parasiticus were present in similar proportions in plots from all fields at the beginning of the growing season. A. terreus, A. niger, and A. fumigatus were the other dominant aspergilli in soil. Fields A and B did not show drought stress in peanut or corn plants, and soil populations of A. flavus and A. parasiticus remained stable during the course of the year. In field C, drought stress in corn plants with associated A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination greatly increased soil populations of A. flavus relative to A. parasiticus upon dispersal of corn debris to the soil surface by a combine harvester. Colonization of organic debris after it has been added to the soil may maintain soil populations of A. parasiticus despite lower crop infection. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Horn, B W AU - Greene, R L AU - Dorner, J W AD - Natl. Peanut Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2472 EP - 2475 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - USA, Georgia KW - soil microorganisms KW - Zea mays KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16826578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+corn+and+peanut+cultivation+on+soil+populations+of+Aspergillus+flavus+and+A.+parasiticus+in+southwestern+Georgia&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BGreene%2C+R+L%3BDorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea; USA, Georgia; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant defense mechanisms in the male rat: Interaction with alcohol, copper, and type of dietary carbohydrate AN - 16825497; 3773380 AB - The activities of enzymes participating in cellular protection against free radical reactions were measured in hepatic tissues from copper-adequate and copper-deficient rats fed fructose or starch-based diets. Half of the rats consumed 20% ethanol in their drinking water. The consumption of ethanol depressed growth rate, reduced hematocrit, and hepatic copper concentration. Feed efficiency was greatly depressed by ethanol. Mortality due to copper deficiency occurred in fructose-fed rats and in starch-fed rats that drank ethanol. Ethanol had no effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), or catalase. In contrast, copper deficiency reduced SOD and fructose feeding depressed catalase activity. GSH-Px was not affected by either the type of dietary carbohydrate, copper, or ethanol. Taken together, these data suggest that additional mechanisms to antioxidant defense systems are responsible for the metabolic changes that occur during the interactions between ethanol low copper and dietary carbohydrates. JF - Alcohol AU - Fields, M AU - Lure, MD AU - Lewis, C G AD - Beltsville Hum. Nut. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, Build. 307-E, Rm. 330, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 65 EP - 70 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0741-8329, 0741-8329 KW - rats KW - ethanol KW - copper KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - antioxidants KW - carbohydrates KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+defense+mechanisms+in+the+male+rat%3A+Interaction+with+alcohol%2C+copper%2C+and+type+of+dietary+carbohydrate&rft.au=Fields%2C+M%3BLure%2C+MD%3BLewis%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol&rft.issn=07418329&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antioxidants; carbohydrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA 3 of a peach isolate of prunus necrotic ringspot virus AN - 16825368; 3765994 AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA 3 of the PE-5 peach isolate of Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV) was obtained from cloned cDNA. The RNA sequence is 1941 nucleotides and contains two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF 1 consisted of 284 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 31,729 Da and ORF 2 contained 224 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 25,018 Da. ORF 2 corresponds to the coat protein gene. Expression of ORF 2 engineered into a pTrcHis vector in Escherichia coli results in a fusion polypeptide of approximately 28 kDa which cross-reacts with PNRSV polyclonal antiserum. Analysis of the coat protein amino acid sequence reveals a putative "zinc-finger" domain at the amino-terminal portion of the protein. Two tetranucleotide AUGC motifs occur in the 3'-UTR of the RNA and may function in coat protein binding and genome activation. ORF 1 homologies to other ilarviruses and alfalfa mosaic virus are confined to limited regions of conserved amino acids. The translated amino acid sequence of the coat protein gene shows 92% similarity to one isolate of apple mosaic virus, a closely related member of the ilarvirus group of plant viruses, but only 66% similarity to the amino acid sequence of the coat protein gene of a second isolate. These relationships are also reflected at the nucleotide sequence level. These results in one instance confirm the close similarities observed at the biophysical and serological levels between these two viruses, but on the other hand call into question the nomenclature used to describe these viruses. JF - Virology AU - Hammond, R W AU - Crosslin, JM AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 349 EP - 353 VL - 208 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - RNA 3 KW - plasmid TrcHis KW - zinc finger KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Prunus necrotic ringspot virus KW - gene expression KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - N 14540:Structure, sequence & physical properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=The+complete+nucleotide+sequence+of+RNA+3+of+a+peach+isolate+of+prunus+necrotic+ringspot+virus&rft.au=Hammond%2C+R+W%3BCrosslin%2C+JM&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; gene expression; Escherichia coli; Prunus necrotic ringspot virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chemical amendments on ammonia volatilization from poultry litter AN - 16824039; 3765320 AB - Ammonia (NH sub(3)) volatilization from poultry litter results in a buildup of atmospheric NH sub(3) in chicken houses, which is detrimental to both farm laborers and birds. Ammonia loss from litter is detrimental to the external environment because it results in acid rain, as well as low N/P ratios in litter, which increase the likelihood of excessive P runoff into adjacent water bodies. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of various chemical amendments on NH sub(3) volatilization and selected litter characteristics after 42 d. The results of this study indicated that the addition of alum to poultry litter dramatically reduces NH sub(3) volatilization (up to 99% less volatilization than controls). Decreases in volatilization resulted in higher total and soluble N in litter, which increased N/P ratios. Several of the compounds studied (particularly alum) were effective in decreasing water-soluble P levels in litter. Therefore, we are proposing the use of alum as a litter amendment in poultry houses. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Daniel, T C AU - Edwards AU - Miller, D M AD - USDA-ARS-PPPSR, Agron. Dep., Plant Sci. 115, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 293 EP - 300 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational health KW - air quality KW - indoor environments KW - chemical treatment KW - animal wastes KW - ammonia KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chemical+amendments+on+ammonia+volatilization+from+poultry+litter&rft.au=Moore%2C+PA+Jr%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BEdwards%3BMiller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=PA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonia; animal wastes; chemical treatment; air quality; occupational health; indoor environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of bacterially derived auxins using a microplate method AN - 16823507; 3760846 AB - Rapid and efficient methods for determining the ability of soil and rhizosphere bacteria to produce key metabolites which are useful in growth promotion or suppression of plant growth are needed. A microplate method was developed and compared to a standard method for assays of auxin compounds produced by bacteria. The microplate method was similar to the standard method in accuracy of determination, required less chemical reagents, and considerably reduced the time required for analyses. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Sarwar, M AU - Kremer, R J AD - Dep. Soil and Atmos. Sci., USDA-ARS, 144 Mumford Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 282 EP - 285 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - auxins KW - bacteria KW - rhizosphere KW - soil KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16823507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+bacterially+derived+auxins+using+a+microplate+method&rft.au=Sarwar%2C+M%3BKremer%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Sarwar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - auxins; bacteria; soil; rhizosphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in sensitivity of Gaeumannomyces graminis to antibiotics produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and effect on biological control of take-all of wheat AN - 16823051; 3763977 AB - Isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the causal agent of take-all of wheat, varied in sensitivity in vitro to the antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. shown previously to have potential for biological control of this pathogen. None of the four isolates of G. graminis var. avenae examined were sensitive to either of the antibiotics in vitro at the concentrations tested. The single isolate of G. graminis var. graminis tested was insensitive to PCA at 1.0 mu g/ml. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84, both of which produce PCA, effectively suppressed take-all caused by each of two PCA-sensitive isolates of G. graminis var. tritici. PCA-producing strains exhibited a reduced ability or complete inability to suppress take-all caused by two of three isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to PCA at 1.0 mu g/ml. P. fluorescens Q2-87, which produces Phl, suppressed take-all caused by three Phl-sensitive isolates but failed to provide significant suppression of take-all caused by two isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to Phl at 3.0 mu g/ml. These findings affirm the role of the antibiotics PCA and Phl in the biocontrol activity of these fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and support earlier evidence that mechanisms in addition to PCA are responsible for suppression of take-all by strain 2-79. The results show further that isolates of G. graminis var. tritici insensitive to PCA and Phl are present in the pathogen population and provide additional justification for the use of mixtures of Pseudomonas spp. that employ different mechanisms of pathogen suppression to manage this disease. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Fujimoto, D K AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Cook, R J AD - Root Dis. Biol. Control Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 365 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2554 EP - 2559 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - antibiotics KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - take-all KW - biological control KW - Gaeumannomyces graminis KW - sensitivity KW - Pseudomonas KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16823051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+sensitivity+of+Gaeumannomyces+graminis+to+antibiotics+produced+by+fluorescent+Pseudomonas+spp.+and+effect+on+biological+control+of+take-all+of+wheat&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BFujimoto%2C+D+K%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BCook%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - take-all; biological control; sensitivity; Gaeumannomyces graminis; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in Green-Ampt effective hydraulic conductivity under fallow conditions AN - 16821588; 3767445 AB - Hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix dynamically responds to changes in the surrounding environment. Therefore, infiltration parameters for the Green-Ampt equation should change for each storm event in continuous simulation models. This study focused on improving Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model estimates of runoff using over 220 plot-years of natural runoff plot data from 11 locations. By optimizing the effective Green-Ampt hydraulic conductivity, K sub(e), for each event within the simulation, a method of correlating hydraulic conductivity on any given day to many other parameters was established. Factors with significant correlation to optimized values of K sub(e) fell into three distinct categories; (1) factors related to soil crusting and tillage; (2) factors related to event size; (3) factors related to antecedent moisture conditions. Equations were developed to represent the temporal variability of hydraulic conductivity for each group. The equation describing the decrease in hydraulic conductivity owing to crusting used an exponential decay function based primarily on cumulative rainfall kinetic energy since last tillage, a soil stability factor, and a crust factor. The relationship between hydraulic conductivity and event size was characterized using an exponential relationship with total rainfall kinetic energy. The final adjustment used the moisture content immediately below the infiltration zone to account for the influence of antecedent moisture conditions on optimized hydraulic conductivities. All three adjustments were incrementally incorporated into WEPP and each improved the average model efficiency. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Risse, L M AU - Nearing, MA AU - Zhang, X C AD - Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1196 Soil Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 24 VL - 169 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Green-Ampt equation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - storm runoff KW - infiltration KW - soil erosion KW - hydrologic models KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Variability+in+Green-Ampt+effective+hydraulic+conductivity+under+fallow+conditions&rft.au=Risse%2C+L+M%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BZhang%2C+X+C&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - permeability coefficient; soil water; infiltration; storm runoff; hydrologic models; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food habits of bald eagles breeding in the Arizona desert AN - 16821093; 3764094 AB - Of 1814 foraging attempts, prey captures, or nest deliveries by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in 14 Arizona breeding ares during 1983-1985, 1471 observations were identifiable to at least class: fish (76%), mammal (18%), bird (4%), and reptile/amphibian (2%). Forty-five species were recorded: catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Pylodictis olivaris), suckers (Catostomus insignis, C. clarki), and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were most common. Mean population dietary heterogeneity was 2.03 (SD = 0.43). During 1983-1985. 22 successful sites had a wider dietary breadth than nine unsuccessful ones. Fish and mammal classes varied by month and breeding area and were negatively correlated. Of 484 discrete foraging locations, only four were frequented in more than one year. Within-season shifts in foraging locations were typical within breeding areas to accommodate changing prey availability. Foraging activity varied hourly and among prey classes, peaking 08:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 h MST. Perches east (NE-E-SE) of foraging sites were used more often before 13:00 h MST, while perches west (SW-W-NW) were used more often after 13:00 h. Most foraging occurred near shore in shallow river waters. The mean straight-line distance between Verde River nest sites was 14.4 km with a ratio of river: straight-line distance of 1.4:1. Opportunistic and breeding area-specific foraging was evident throughout the population. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Grubb, T G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exper. Stn., 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 258 EP - 274 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Haliaeetus leucocephalus KW - foraging behavior KW - food preferences KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Food+habits+of+bald+eagles+breeding+in+the+Arizona+desert&rft.au=Grubb%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haliaeetus leucocephalus; foraging behavior; food preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Losses of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees to southern pine beetles AN - 16820630; 3761993 AB - Over an 11-year period (1983-1993), we examined the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) infestation rate of single Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees on the Angelina National Forest in Texas. Southern pine beetles infested and killed 38 cavity trees during this period. Typically, within each cavity tree cluster, beetles infested only a single tree (usually the nest tree of the previous spring) during autumn and used the cavity tree as an over-wintering site for brood development. Seven (4 active and 3 inactive) cavity trees (out of 346 cavity tree years) died as a result of beetle infestation during the first five years of the study (1983-1987). In 1988, an intensive habitat management program was initiated on the forest to halt a severe population decline of the woodpecker. During the next six years (1988-1993), a much higher mortality rate was observed; 31 single cavity trees (out of 486 cavity tree years) were infested and killed (X super(2) = 8.8, P 0.09, N = 10); further research is needed for a definitive conclusion. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 81 EP - 92 VL - 107 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Picoides borealis KW - mortality KW - cavities KW - trees KW - USA, Texas KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16820630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Losses+of+red-cockaded+woodpecker+cavity+trees+to+southern+pine+beetles&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; USA, Texas; cavities; trees; mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative growth of soybean as affected by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone AN - 16817847; 3763710 AB - The effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and ozone (O sub(3)) on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Centennial) growth and biomass partitioning were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Soybeans were exposed to CO sub(2) concentrations at 350 (ambient), 450, 550, and 650 mu l liter super(-1) (ppm) for 24 h day super(-1) for 5 weeks. Ozone treatments of 0 and 120 nl liter super(-1) (ppb) for 6 h day super(-1) for 5 days week super(-1) for 5 weeks were added in combination with the CO sub(2) treatments. Plant dry weight and biomass partitioning were assessed each week. Dry weight of leaf, stem, and root, as well as the total plant dry weight increased with exposure to increasing levels of CO sub(2). Dry weight of leaf, root and total plant were suppressed significantly by the O sub(3) treatment. Stem dry weight was not affected by O sub(3). Suppression of root dry weight due to O sub(3) at each weekly harvest was significantly dependent on the CO sub(2) concentration. Root growth was enhanced by CO sub(2) at 650 mu l liter super(-1) compared with ambient CO sub(2) (350 mu l liter super(-1)) at 5 weeks of age. At ambient CO sub(2) in the presence of O sub(3) the roots were only about 63% of the weight of the root grown in the absence of O sub(3). At 550 and 650 mu l liter super(-1) CO sub(2) the biomass of soybean roots in the presence of 120 nl liter super(-1) O sub(3) was 88.2 and 88.4% of the control, respectively. Thus, CO sub(2) limited the amount of root growth suppression caused by O sub(3). The partitioning of leaf, stem, and root dry weight in relation to total plant dry weight remained relatively constant across each CO sub(2) concentration. Thus, CO sub(2) did not affect biomass partitioning among leaves, stems and roots of soybean. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Reinert, R A AU - Ho, M C AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 89 EP - 96 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - biomass KW - vegetation KW - Glycine max KW - air pollution KW - carbon dioxide KW - ozone KW - crops KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Vegetative+growth+of+soybean+as+affected+by+elevated+carbon+dioxide+and+ozone&rft.au=Reinert%2C+R+A%3BHo%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; carbon dioxide; ozone; pollution effects; vegetation; growth; biomass; air pollution; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and identification of bacteria isolated from micropropagated mint plants AN - 16817809; 3764277 AB - Bacterial isolates from contaminated mint shoot cultures were characterized and identified as a preliminary step in determining an elimination treatment. The 22 bacteria were characterized using biochemical and morphological tests and subjected to sensitivity tests with four antibiotics. The isolates were compared with known organisms and assigned to genera according to similarities in characteristics. Seven isolates were analyzed by fatty acid analysis carried out by a commercial laboratory. Six were classified as Agrobacterium radiobacter; eight as Xanthomonas; one each as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Curtobacterium spp.; four could not be assigned to genera. Inhibition of growth of the bacteria by most antibiotics was best at pH 7.5. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentrations of gentamicin, rifampicin, streptomycin sulfate, and Timentin varied with genotype. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Buckley, P M AU - DeWilde, T N AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repos., 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 58 EP - 64 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - antibiotics KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Mentha KW - Agrobacterium KW - Xanthomonas KW - Pseudomonas KW - propagation KW - tissue culture KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+identification+of+bacteria+isolated+from+micropropagated+mint+plants&rft.au=Buckley%2C+P+M%3BDeWilde%2C+T+N%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - propagation; tissue culture; Mentha; Agrobacterium; Xanthomonas; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laser scanner for erosion plot measurements AN - 16817320; 3763882 AB - Erosion of our lands is a serious problem, which often is difficult to visually detect. Established procedures for measuring soil loss most often involve establishment of a set of erosion plots and then measurement of runoff and sediment from one location, at the end of the plot. With greater emphasis on understanding of the erosion processes at discrete points on the landscape, better research equipment is needed which can precisely measure the amount (both depths and mass) of soil lost or sediment deposited. A large (1 x 3 m) laser scanner was developed at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory to provide better measurement of detachment and deposition at points along an erosion plot or a laboratory flume. This apparatus has been used in a variety of applications, including field and laboratory measurement of erosion and deposition depths and mass, determination of rill channel geometry, and bulk density measurements. Testing of the system indicates that the elevation readings obtained are very precise, having an average standard deviation of less than 0.30 mm at the optimal scan speed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Huang, C AU - Norton, L D AU - Parker, S C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 703 EP - 710 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - field tests KW - rill erosion KW - experimental design KW - erosion KW - runoff KW - lasers KW - soil erosion KW - testing procedures KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Laser+scanner+for+erosion+plot+measurements&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D+C%3BHuang%2C+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BParker%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; lasers; soil erosion; runoff; experimental design; rill erosion; field tests; testing procedures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide effect on furrow erosion and infiltration AN - 16817281; 3763881 AB - Erosion from furrow irrigated land is a serious problem in southern Idaho and elsewhere in the western United States. High molecular weight anionic Polyacrylamide (a water soluble polymer), increases soil aggregate stability and flocculates suspended sediments, thereby reducing sediment detachment and transport in irrigation furrows. Application of 0.7 kg/ha/irrigation of polyacrylamide in irrigation water has reduced furrow erosion by 85 to 99%. In the present work, sediment movement and infiltration were measured in a recirculating furrow infiltrometer with two polyacrylamide treatments. Mean erosion reduction was 70%. Polyacrylamide increased mean infiltration by 30%, probably the result of reduced sediment movement and furrow surface seal formation. Infiltration was inversely related to maximum sediment concentration in the flowing water for both treated and untreated furrows. Farmers who use polyacrylamide must adapt their irrigation management to the higher infiltration to maintain desired irrigation efficiencies. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Trout, T J AU - Sojka, R E AU - Lentz, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation Soils Res. Lab., Kimberly, ID, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 761 EP - 766 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - polyacrylamide KW - furrow erosion KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - molecular structure KW - agricultural chemicals KW - erosion control KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - soil aggregates KW - polymers KW - irrigation water KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide+effect+on+furrow+erosion+and+infiltration&rft.au=Trout%2C+T+J%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BLentz%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; irrigation water; soil aggregates; polymers; runoff; molecular structure; agricultural chemicals; erosion control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of newly planted coffee fields: Dominance of Mediterranean fruit fly over oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16817222; 3762033 AB - Previous studies in Hawaii indicated that Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly, became scarce at low elevations subsequent to accidental introduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental fruit fly. The conclusion was that competitive displacement, elevation, and parasites were major determinants in the ranges of these two fruit flies. Recently, commercial coffee, Coffea arabica L., was planted in former sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., fields at an elevation of 122 m on Kauai Island, HI. During a 3-yr period we studied colonization of fruits by C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), a beneficial solitary wasp that attacks both species of fruit flies. During seasons 1 and 2, mean numbers of C. capitata were greater than those of B. dorsalis. Lack of an inverse correlation between numbers of the two tephritids emerging from fruits suggested that these species were not competitors. B. arisanus parasitization rates on the basis of live and dead parasitoids recovered from C. capitata and B. dorsalis pupae were modest. Studies during season 3 indicated B. arisanus parasitization rates were higher for C. capitata than those for B. dorsalis. Numbers of C. capitata and B. arisanus were correlated during both seasons, suggesting a density-dependent relationship between the most abundant host and the parasitoid. Fruit infestation data demonstrated that C. capitata exploits fruits at an earlier ripeness stage and emerges sooner from fruits than B. dorsalis. Analysis of three annual coffee crops indicated that C. capitata was the dominant fruit fly species in the coffee agroecosystem by the end of the season. This finding differs from previous studies, wherein B. dorsalis was dominant over C. capitata at low elevation. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Nishida, T AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 620 EP - 627 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - USA, Hawaii KW - colonization KW - Tephritidae KW - Coffea arabica KW - Diptera KW - competition KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+newly+planted+coffee+fields%3A+Dominance+of+Mediterranean+fruit+fly+over+oriental+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BNishida%2C+T&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coffea arabica; Diptera; Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera dorsalis; USA, Hawaii; colonization; competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A vertical soil crushing-energy meter AN - 16816899; 3763883 AB - An energy-based index of dry soil stability is related closely to abrasion susceptibility of soils during wind erosion, as well as other soil physical processes. Unfortunately, the currently used soil-aggregate crushing-energy meter (SACEM) requires aggregates to have a uniquely defined break force in order to measure dry stability. Users have found many conditions of interest where this break force is absent. Thus, the objective of this study was to design a vertical soil crushing-energy meter (VSCEM) that did not require an initial break force, used commercially available components, and obtained measurements faster than the SACEM. The design objective was met by using two nearly vertical plates pivoted at their base to form a crushing vise. A weigh cell was used to measure crushing force, and a unislide, powered by an electric stepping motor, was used to provide the crushing motion. These components were connected to an 8086-based personal computer through a data acquisition board. A C-language program was written to control the stepping motor and compute crush energy at each of 600 steps as the plate moved through 6 degree to a vertical position during a crushing cycle. Dry stabilities measured with VSCEM agreed closely to those of the SACEM. Because the VSCEM does not require an initial break force, it can be applied to a wider range of soils and conditions than the SACEM. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hagen, L J AU - Schroeder, B AU - Skidmore, EL AD - USDA-ARS, Wind Erosion Res. Unit, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 711 EP - 715 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wind KW - computers KW - measuring instruments KW - stability analysis KW - erosion KW - soil properties KW - soil compaction KW - aggregates KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+vertical+soil+crushing-energy+meter&rft.au=Hagen%2C+L+J%3BSchroeder%2C+B%3BSkidmore%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil compaction; stability analysis; measuring instruments; computers; aggregates; soil properties; erosion; wind ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration of irrigated winter wheat -- southern High Plains AN - 16816851; 3763880 AB - Models of water use for irrigation scheduling and for crop growth simulation require validation of the evapotranspiration (ET) submodel. In this study ET was measured for irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Bushland, Texas, in the semi-arid Southern High Plains for the 1989-1990, 1991-1992, and 1992-1993 winter wheat cropping seasons using weighing lysimeters that contained undisturbed monoliths 3 x 3 x 2.3 m deep of Pullman clay loam soil (Torrertic Paleustolls). Weather data from a nearby station were used to compute daily ET values for a reference alfalfa crop (hypothetical) using the ASCE Manual No. 70 equations based on the Penman-Monteith equation and several other widely used "potential" or "maximum" ET models. Linear regressions between ET estimated from widely used equations and the reference alfalfa ET equation indicated that direct comparisons with computed ET values could not be reliably predicted with simple ratios. For the computed reference alfalfa ET base, peak basal crop coefficients (K sub(cb)) varied from 0.88 to 1.00 for the three seasons and were lower than those reported from other locations. Peak mean crop coefficients (K sub(c)) varied from 0.83 to 0.94 for the three seasons. Seasonal ET varied from 791 to 957 mm for the three seasons. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for winter wheat varied considerably with season. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Howell, T A AU - Steiner, J L AU - Schneider, AD AU - Evett AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. Production Res. Lab., Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 745 EP - 760 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - soil water KW - scheduling KW - water use KW - USA KW - evaporation KW - model studies KW - crop yield KW - crops KW - evapotranspiration KW - irrigation KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+of+irrigated+winter+wheat+--+southern+High+Plains&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BSchneider%2C+AD%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - evapotranspiration; water use; irrigation; model studies; crops; evaporation; scheduling; soil water; crop yield; wheat; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of radiolabelled substrates by batch cultures of caecal microflora maintained in a continuous-flow culture AN - 16816802; 3763563 AB - Glucose- and lactose-based media containing either super(14)C-labelled glucose, galactose, lactose or lactic acid were inoculated with anaerobic cultures of chicken caecal bacteria maintained for 121 d in a continuous-flow (CF) culture. The culture was previously shown to reduce Salmonella colonization in the caeca of chicks inoculated with the culture and the reduction was associated with increases in volatile fatty acids. The distributions of super(14)C were determined among the fermentation products, especially acetic, propionic and lactic acids. After 12 h of incubation and fermentation, variations were observed in the total amounts of super(14)C, from each super(14)C-labelled substrate, detected as acetic and propionic acids in the glucose- and lactose-based media, respectively: 92.9 and 89.4% of super(14)C-glucose, 77.0 and 44.0% of super(14)C-galactose, 0.0 and 76.9% of super(14)C-lactose, and 76.5 and 93.2% of lactic acid in the two media, respectively. The results from this study indicate that carbohydrate metabolism by the CF culture was a major source of acetic and propionic acids and that lactic acid was an important metabolic intermediate for the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - Hume, ME AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Corrier, DE AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA/ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 677 EP - 683 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - carbohydrate metabolism KW - batch culture KW - radioactive labelling KW - fermentation KW - Salmonella KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+radiolabelled+substrates+by+batch+cultures+of+caecal+microflora+maintained+in+a+continuous-flow+culture&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; batch culture; fermentation; carbohydrate metabolism; radioactive labelling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of vapor-pressure-deficit calculation methods -- southern High Plains AN - 16816010; 3764314 AB - Vapor-pressure deficit (VPD) affects evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency, and radiation-use efficiency of crops. VPD calculation methods were evaluated for a semiarid environment in the Southern Great Plains. Air temperature and relative humidity were measured near Bushland, Texas, during 1992 and 1993. Temperature and relative humidity were measured at 0.17 Hz (6 s), averages were recorded for each 15-min period, and daily (24-hr) maximums, minimums, and averages were recorded. VPD, actual vapor pressure, and dew-point temperatures were computed and averaged for each 15-min period and day. Methods that used mean daily dew-point temperature to compute daily actual vapor pressure performed well, and methods that used hybrid calculations based on maximum and minimum air temperature and relative humidity performed the worst. Methods using one-time-of-day dew-point temperatures as recommended by the 1990 ASCE Manual No. 70 should be used with caution in this environment. Weather data sets containing maximum and minimum temperatures and daily mean dew-point temperature should provide the most accurate calculations of VPD in this environment. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Howell, T A AU - Dusek, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. Production Res. Lab., P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 191 EP - 198 VL - 121 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA KW - humidity KW - air temperature KW - water vapor KW - water use efficiency KW - evapotranspiration KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+vapor-pressure-deficit+calculation+methods+--+southern+High+Plains&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BDusek%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water vapor; evapotranspiration; water use efficiency; air temperature; humidity; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and eradication of endophytic bacteria from micropropagated mint plants AN - 16815437; 3764265 AB - Liquid medium and an enriched agar were used to detect endophytic bacteria in micropropagated mints (Mentha spp.) within 2 to 6 d of inoculation. Bacteria isolated from the cultures were screened on several antibiotic concentrations to determine bactericidal doses. Antibiotics were also tested for phytotoxic effects. Shoot tips from infected plants were treated by immersion in liquid MS medium containing antibiotics either singly or in combination. Streptomycin applied at 1000 mu g/ml for a period of 10 d was effective and less phytotoxic in a larger number of cases than gentamicin (50 mu g/ml), neomycin (500 mu g/ml), or rifampicin (30 mu g/ml). Mint cultures that tested negative for bacteria after antibiotic treatment were multiplied, retested, and cold-stored for 1 yr or longer. Upon regrowth after storage, 25 of 30 treated cultures (83%) tested negative for bacteria. Of the 25, 8 were successfully treated with streptomycin, 1 with gentamicin, 2 with neomycin, 1 with rifampicin, and 1 with streptomycin and gentamicin; 12 required more than one treatment. An early detection system, initial trial treatment with streptomycin for infected plants, and monitoring of treated cultures successfully reduced the spread of bacterial contamination. Antibiotic treatment in liquid MS medium at pH 6.9 resulted in enhanced bactericidal activity over that seen at pH 5.5. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Reed, B M AU - Buckley, P M AU - DeWilde, T N AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repo., 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 53 EP - 57 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - antibiotics KW - micropropagation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Mentha KW - endophytes KW - plant breeding KW - contamination KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16815437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Detection+and+eradication+of+endophytic+bacteria+from+micropropagated+mint+plants&rft.au=Reed%2C+B+M%3BBuckley%2C+P+M%3BDeWilde%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - endophytes; plant breeding; contamination; Mentha ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arcobacter-specific and Arcobacter butzleri-specific 16S rRNA-based DNA probes AN - 16814937; 3764151 AB - The genus Arcobacter encompasses gram-negative, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacteria formerly designated Campylobacter cryaerophila. Two genus-specific 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide DNA probes (23-mer and 27-mer) were developed. The probes hybridized with strains of Arcobacter butzleri (n = 58), Arcobacter cryaerophilus (n = 19), and Arcobacter skirrowii (n = 17). The probes did not cross-react with any of the reference strains of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, including "Flexispira rappini," or Wolinella. The 27-mer hybridized with 61 Arcobacter spp. field isolates originating from late-term aborted porcine (n = 54) and equine (n = 2) fetuses and humans with enteritis (n = 5). The species of Arcobacter isolates (n = 56) recovered from aborted livestock fetuses were determined by ribotyping and were as follows: A. cryaerophilus group 1A (11 of 56; 20%), A. cryaerophilus group 1B (37 of 56; 66%), A. butzleri (5 of 56; 9%), and unknown (3 of 56; 5%). The five human field strains were identified as A. butzleri. A species-specific DNA probe (24-mer) for A. butzleri was also developed since there is evidence that this organism may be a human pathogen. This probe hybridized with previously characterized strains of A. butzleri (n = 58), with 10 field strains identified as A. butzleri by ribotyping and with 2 strains having an indeterminate ribotype. The A. butzleri-specific probe did not cross-react with strains of A. skirrowii (n = 17) and A. cryaerophilus (n = 19). JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Wesley, I V AU - Schroeder-Tucker, L AU - Baetz, AL AU - Dewhirst, F E AU - Paster, B J AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1691 EP - 1698 VL - 33 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Arcobacter skirrowii KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA KW - Arcobacter butzleri KW - Arcobacter cryaerophilus KW - probes KW - W2 32250:Others KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16814937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Arcobacter-specific+and+Arcobacter+butzleri-specific+16S+rRNA-based+DNA+probes&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V%3BSchroeder-Tucker%2C+L%3BBaetz%2C+AL%3BDewhirst%2C+F+E%3BPaster%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; probes; Arcobacter butzleri; Arcobacter cryaerophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternate routes of invasion may affect pathogenesis of Salmonella typhimurium in swine AN - 16812394; 3764191 AB - Transmission of Salmonella typhimurium in swine is traditionally believed to occur by the fecal-oral route, with invasion through the intestinal wall and Peyer's patches. However, involvement of the upper respiratory tract may be equally important. An esophagotomy was performed on 6- to 8-week-old pigs. Esophagotomized pigs were challenged intranasally with 10 super(9) CFU of S. typhimurium cells and necropsied at 3, 6, 12, and 18 h postinoculation (p.i.). By 3 h p.i., S. typhimurium was recovered from cecum, colon, head, and thoracic tissues and from the middle ileum involving a large number of Peyer's patches. The ileocolic lymph nodes and ileocolic junction were not positive for S. typhimurium until 6 and 12 h p.i., respectively. Additional pigs were inoculated transthoracically with 10 super(9) CFU of S. typhimurium and necropsied at 3 and 18 h p.i. By 3 h p.i., all tissues were positive for S. typhimurium. Tonsil explants seeded with 10 super(9) CFU of S. typhimurium indicated that within 6 h p.i., S. typhimurium was located within the tonsilar crypts. These data show that after intranasal inoculation, S. typhimurium rapidly appears in the gut tissues and suggest that the tonsils and lung may be important sites for invasion and dissemination of Salmonella species. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Kelley, L C AU - Stabel, T J AU - Gray, J T AU - Laufer, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2658 EP - 2664 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - invasiveness KW - pathogenesis KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16812394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Alternate+routes+of+invasion+may+affect+pathogenesis+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+in+swine&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BKelley%2C+L+C%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BGray%2C+J+T%3BLaufer%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; pathogenesis; invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of bird communities in burned and salvage-logged, clearcut, and forested Florida sand pine scrub AN - 16811661; 3759699 AB - We hypothesized that similar bird assemblages will occur in like-structured habitat that results from both clearcutting and high-intensity wildfire followed by salvage logging. To test this, we compared bird communities of sand pine scrub in mature forest and three disturbance treatments (1) high-intensity wildfire, salvage logged, and naturally regenerated, (2) clearcut, roller chopped, and broadcast seeded, and (3) clearcut and brackeseeded. We analyzed communities based on residency status and nesting guilds. Migratory breeding birds were nearly restricted to mature forest. Bird communities of mature forest were significantly more species rich and diverse than those of disturbance treatments in spring. However, species richness and diversity of migratory winter residents did not differ among treatments, indicating that they are habitat-structure generalists on their wintering grounds. Canopy- and cavity-nesters and canopy- and bark-foraging species were virtually restricted to mature forest. Most species recorded in mature sand pine forest or disturbance treatments were either habitat-structure generalists or also occurred in other similarly structured vegetation types. However, the threatened and endemic Florida Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma c. coerulescens) occurred only in disturbance treatments (no differences). Silvicultural disturbance appears to mimic the natural high-intensity disturbance regime by creating habitat structural features required by open scrub species and may be an important habitat management tool where the use of wildfire is impractical. However, long-term effects, unsalvaged burns, and landscape patterns created by clearcutting were not addressed and may also be important in structuring bird communities of sand pine scrub. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Harris, L D AU - Neary, D G AD - USDA Forest Serv. Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 14524, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 40 EP - 54 VL - 107 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - community composition KW - Pinus clausa KW - disturbance KW - USA, Florida KW - species richness KW - seasonal variations KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+bird+communities+in+burned+and+salvage-logged%2C+clearcut%2C+and+forested+Florida+sand+pine+scrub&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BHarris%2C+L+D%3BNeary%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Pinus clausa; USA, Florida; community composition; species richness; seasonal variations; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A preliminary assessment of the toxic and mutagenic potential of steroidal alkaloids in transgenic mice AN - 16811101; 3761555 AB - Impregnated CD2 transgenic mice, which contain multiple copies of a lambda gt10lacZ construct integrated into the genome of each cell, were given a predetermined estimated maximum tolerated dose of several steroidal alkaloids: Solanum glycoalkaloids from potato, alpha -chaconine and alpha -solanine; aglycones, solanidine and solasodine, and a Veratrum alkaloid, jervine. Observations were made of dams and foetuses for indications of toxicity and/or terata; some dam livers and foetuses were assayed for mutagenicity using the lacZ gene. Other dams were gavaged with a single dose of 75 mg all-trans-retinol/kg to serve as a reference teratogen. Unexpectedly, this level of retinol was not clearly teratogenic. The results of both positive and non-positive selection systems showed that the mutation frequencies in the livers of the dams dosed with alpha -chaconine, alpha -solanine and solanidine were three to four times higher than historically normal in the livers of this transgenic mouse strain. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Crawford, L AU - Myhr, B AD - USDA-ARS, Western Reg. Res. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 191 EP - 194 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - alkaloids KW - steroids KW - alpha -chaconine KW - alpha -solanine KW - solanidine KW - mice KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mutant frequency KW - fetuses KW - secondary metabolites KW - transgenic mice KW - reporter gene KW - X 24172:Plants KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+preliminary+assessment+of+the+toxic+and+mutagenic+potential+of+steroidal+alkaloids+in+transgenic+mice&rft.au=Crawford%2C+L%3BMyhr%2C+B&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transgenic mice; fetuses; secondary metabolites; mutant frequency; reporter gene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between molecular and biological characters in identifying the wheat and barley biotypes of Stagonospora nodorum AN - 16810305; 3763453 AB - Thirty-five isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from barley, wheat, and other hosts were identified as either the barley or wheat biotypes based on cultural characters and host specificity. Identification of the biotypes based on these phenotypic criteria was compared with genetic identification by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Twenty-six probes randomly isolated from genomic DNA of a barley biotype isolate were used in the hybridization to differentiate the barley and wheat biotypes. Eighteen and 17 of the 26 probes detected no variation among 14 isolates of the barley biotype and 13 isolates of the wheat biotype, respectively, and unambiguously differentiated the two biotypes. Genetic distance, an estimate of accumulated number of allele substitutions per locus, is 2.286 between the barley and wheat biotypes. The genetic similarity was very high (>0.82) within each of the two biotypes and was very low (0.12) between the two biotypes. Clustering of the isolates based on individual hybridizing DNA bands correlated with biotype identification based on biological characters. The wheat and barley biotypes were then compared with isolates of Stagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea and an isolate of Stagonospora arenaria by hybridizing with 31 anonymous DNA probes (11 from a wheat biotype, 12 from a barley biotype, and eight from S. a. triticea). Two isolates of S. nodorum of unknown biotype, SN91-X and SNO38NY-89, used in a previous study, were considered to be the wheat biotype based on DNA banding patterns. Based on allele frequencies of the 31 RFLP loci, the estimated genetic distance between the barley biotype and the wheat biotype of S. nodorum was as great as between any of the two biotypes and S. a. triticea. Likewise, analysis based on discrete hybridizing bands showed that the barley biotype had a closer relationship with S. a. triticea than with the wheat biotype. Two probes from the barley biotype were specific for the barley biotype and did not detect any DNA bands in the wheat biotype. These barley biotype-specific probes may be used as natural markers for identification of the barley biotype. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ueng, P P AU - Cunfer, B M AU - Alano, A S AU - Youmans, J D AU - Chen, W AD - USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Build. 006, Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 44 EP - 52 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - biotyping KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16810305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+molecular+and+biological+characters+in+identifying+the+wheat+and+barley+biotypes+of+Stagonospora+nodorum&rft.au=Ueng%2C+P+P%3BCunfer%2C+B+M%3BAlano%2C+A+S%3BYoumans%2C+J+D%3BChen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ueng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotyping; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Stagonospora nodorum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative resistance of eighteen selections of Malus spp. to three species of Phytophthora AN - 16807971; 3763449 AB - Eighteen selections from 13 species and hybrids of Malus (M. baccata, M. brevipes, M. coronaria, M. domestica, M. fusca, M. halliana, M. ioensis, M. x magdeburgensis, M. mandshurica, M. x platycarpa, M. prunifolia, M. sargentii, and Malus sp.) were evaluated in a greenhouse for resistance to root and crown rots caused by Phytophthora cactorum, P. cambivora, and P. cryptogea. Seven- to nine-week-old seedlings were transplanted into noninfested soil or soil artificially infested with P. cactorum, P. cryptogea, or P. cambivora. The soil was flooded once every 2 wk for 48 h, and plants were evaluated for severity of disease 3 mo after transplanting. Seedlings of domestic apple (M. domestica, (used as a standard for comparison in this study) were among the most susceptible of the Malus spp. to crown and root rot caused by P. cactorum, P. cryptogea, and P. cambivora. The relative resistance of other selections of Malus spp. varied according to species of Phytophthora and whether crown or root rot variables were used to assess resistance. Among 10 selections of Malus spp. that were evaluated along with two selections of M. domestica for resistance to P. cactorum, P. cryptogea, and P. cambivora, six selections were relatively resistant compared to M. domestica to root and crown rot caused by P. cactorum, but only M. halliana, M. x magdeburgensis, and M. sargentii were relatively resistant to root and crown rot caused by all three fungi. Species of Malus can vary greatly in resistance to species of Phytophthora, and, among Malus spp., assessments of relative resistance to P. cactorum are not necessarily extendible to other Phytophthora spp. JF - Phytopathology AU - Browne, G T AU - Mircetich, S M AU - Cummins, J N AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 72 EP - 76 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - plant protection KW - Malus KW - Phytophthora KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16807971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Relative+resistance+of+eighteen+selections+of+Malus+spp.+to+three+species+of+Phytophthora&rft.au=Browne%2C+G+T%3BMircetich%2C+S+M%3BCummins%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus; Phytophthora; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved early and long-term detection of bovine lentivirus by a nested polymerase chain reaction test in experimentally infected calves AN - 16806371; 3755395 AB - A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed to examine infection with the bovine lentivirus, bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), in cattle. Primers were designed to amplify 2 separate regions of the pol and env segments of the BIV genome. Two calves were experimentally infected with an isolate derived from the original strain of BIV, R29, or with a recent field isolate, FL491. Serial blood samples were collected and examined by virus isolation, protein immunoblot, and nested PCR. The nested PCR test detected BIV infection by 3 days after inoculation, earlier than the other 2 methods, and continued to identify infected cattle 9 to 15.5 months after inoculation, even when results from virus isolation and serology became negative. Nested PCR also detected multiple-size env products in samples obtained later in the infection from the calf that received FL491, giving evidence that viral quasispecies were selected during in vivo replication of the virus. Results indicated that the nested PCR test is more sensitive than virus isolation or serology for the detection of BIV infection in cattle. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Suarez, D L AU - Van Der Maaten, MJ AU - Whetstone, CA AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Virol. Cattle Res., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 579 EP - 586 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - bovine immunodeficiency-like virus KW - cattle KW - env gene KW - pol gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - detection KW - serological tests KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Improved+early+and+long-term+detection+of+bovine+lentivirus+by+a+nested+polymerase+chain+reaction+test+in+experimentally+infected+calves&rft.au=Suarez%2C+D+L%3BVan+Der+Maaten%2C+MJ%3BWhetstone%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Suarez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; detection; serological tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific cleavage of chromosomes in vitro through Cre-lox recombination AN - 16804271; 3755415 AB - Site-specific recombination systems are useful tools for chromosome engineering in vivo and site-specific DNA cleavage methods have applications in genome analysis and gene isolation. Here, we report a new method to fragment chromosomes in vitro using the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system. Two lox sites were targeted into the 5.7 Mb chromosome I of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In vitro recombination between chromosomal lox sites and exogenously provided lox oligonucleotides 'cleaved' the chromosome at the defined lox sequences. Site-specific cleavage of lox sites in the tobacco genome was also demonstrated. This recombination-based cleavage method provides a novel approach for structural and functional analyses of eukaryotic chromosomes as it allows direct isolation of chromosome regions that correspond to phenotypes revealed through Cre-lox mediated chromosome rearrangements in vivo. Moreover, recombination with end-labeled lox oligonucleotides would permit the specific end-labeling of chromosome segments to facilitate the long range mapping of chromosomes. JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Qin, Minmin AU - Lee, E AU - Zankel, T AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Cent., USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1923 EP - 1927 VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Cre recombinase KW - chromosome I KW - recombinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - DNA KW - Schizosaccharomyces pombe KW - K 03015:Fungi KW - J 02725:DNA KW - N 14920:Chromatin & chromosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16804271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Site-specific+cleavage+of+chromosomes+in+vitro+through+Cre-lox+recombination&rft.au=Qin%2C+Minmin%3BLee%2C+E%3BZankel%2C+T%3BOw%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Minmin&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Schizosaccharomyces pombe; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of soybean leaf water relations to tropospheric ozone AN - 16803778; 3753339 AB - Tropospheric O sub(3) and water stress cause significant reductions in crop growth and yield. The effects of chronic O sub(3) exposures on leaf water relations have been less thoroughly studied. Soybeans were grown in two years in open-top field chambers equipped to control O sub(3). In 1990 leaves were sampled during four intervals of the 106-d growing season and subjected to potential - volume analysis. In 1992, leaves were sampled over a 3-week period, centered on 49 days after planting for potential - volume analysis as well as for midday xylem pressure potentials and leaf conductance. Ontogenetic changes in most of the parameters were large compared with treatment effects. O sub(3) treatment consistently caused decreased symplastic volume, specific leaf mass, and tissue elasticity. In 1992, these effects were accompanied by decreased leaf conductances with no discernable change in xylem pressure potential, although midday turgor increased by 32% and stomatal competency was maintained. Tissue elasticity decreases may be related to O sub(3)-induced changes in cell wall structure during leaf expansion and may result in decreased symplastic volume. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Fiscus, EL AU - Booker, F L AU - Miller, JE AU - Reid, C D AD - USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 517 EP - 526 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - troposphere KW - pollution effects KW - Glycine max KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Response+of+soybean+leaf+water+relations+to+tropospheric+ozone&rft.au=Fiscus%2C+EL%3BBooker%2C+F+L%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BReid%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Fiscus&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; air pollution; pollution effects; troposphere; ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in combination with tannic acid AN - 16803268; 3754973 AB - We identified tannic acid as an inexpensive additive that increased the efficacy of sublethal concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner). Tannic acid mimicked the active constituents contained in an aqueous, tannin-rich extract of Taxus baccata (L.) bark that retarded development of Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae at 10,000 ppm; most larvae remained in first and second stage when treated with 250-10,000 ppm of tannic acid. Instar development of Trichoplusia ni (Huebner) larvae was affected in a concentration-dependent manner by 2.5-500 ppm of tannic acid. In subsequent bioassays, tannic acid at 25-500 ppm in combination with B. thuringiensis (1.63 mu g [AI]/ml diet) yielded mean mortalities of 57-75%, whereas treatments with B. thuringiensis alone produced 10% mortality. Mean mortalities in the 3.0, 4.5, and 6.75 mu g (AI) B. thuringiensis per milliliter of diet treatments (5.5, 8.0, and 30%, respectively) were significantly higher in the presence of 250 and 2,500 ppm tannic acid; in these treatments we observed 78-94% mortality. Addition of tannic acid increased the activity of concentrations of 3-4.5 mu g (AI) B. thuringiensis per milliliter of diet to approximately that of a concentration of 13 mu g (AI) B. thuringiensis per milliliter of diet alone (85-95% mortality). Although deaths caused by a formulation of B. thuringiensis + tannic acid occurred more slowly than with high rates of B. thuringiensis alone, such formulations would have the advantages of arresting development, minimizing foliar damage, and decreasing the concentration of B. thuringiensis used. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Gibson, D M AU - Gallo, L G AU - Krasnoff, S B AU - Ketchum, REB AD - Plant Prot. Res. Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 270 EP - 277 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - tannic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest control KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Increased+efficacy+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subsp.+kurstaki+in+combination+with+tannic+acid&rft.au=Gibson%2C+D+M%3BGallo%2C+L+G%3BKrasnoff%2C+S+B%3BKetchum%2C+REB&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Heliothis virescens; Trichoplusia ni; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; pathogenicity; biological control; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumption of a toxic plant (Zigadenus paniculatus) by mule deer AN - 16800074; 3751468 AB - Herein we report on four years of observations of an eastern Sierra Nevada mule deer herd feeding on substantial quantities of foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus), a liliaceous bulb plant that is toxic to domestic sheep, cattle, and horses. Our study site is located at T20N, R18E, S36 just west of Reno, NV, on an alluvial fan at the southern base of Peavine Mountain. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Longland, W S AU - Clements, C AD - USDA/ARS, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 188 EP - 191 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Odocoileus hemonius KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - food consumption KW - food plants KW - USA, Nevada KW - Zigadenus paniculatus KW - Y 25497:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16800074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Consumption+of+a+toxic+plant+%28Zigadenus+paniculatus%29+by+mule+deer&rft.au=Longland%2C+W+S%3BClements%2C+C&rft.aulast=Longland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zigadenus paniculatus; USA, Nevada; food plants; toxicity; food consumption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aromatic/heterocyclic amino acids and the stimulated sunlight-ultraviolet inactivation of the Heliothis/Helicoverpa baculovirus AN - 16799681; 3754961 AB - Tryptophan, of five aromatic/heterocyclic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, histidine) provided significant protection of the Heliothis baculovirus (HzSNPV) from inactivation by simulated sunlight ultraviolet (SUV). Fifty percent of SUV protection of HzSNPV with tryptophan or tyrosine was obtained at 0.03 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Rates as high as 100.0 mg/ml of phenylalanine, histidine, or proline provided <50% protection. The extent of tryptophan protection was correlated with its absorption in the sunlight UV-B spectra. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 480 EP - 482 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - baculovirus KW - amino acids KW - Noctuidae KW - sunlight KW - Heliothis KW - solar radiation KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16799681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Aromatic%2Fheterocyclic+amino+acids+and+the+stimulated+sunlight-ultraviolet+inactivation+of+the+Heliothis%2FHelicoverpa+baculovirus&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baculovirus; Heliothis; Helicoverpa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; amino acids; pathogens; sunlight; solar radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal hydrologic response at various spatial scales in a small forested catchment, Hitachi Ohta, Japan AN - 16799511; 3753307 AB - Headwater catchments are important and often overlooked hydrologic components of drainage basins. Hydrologic response at different scales was evaluated during a period of increasing antecedent wetness in a steep, humid catchment in coastal Japan. Outflows from a second-order basin (EB, 15.7 ha), two first-order basins (B, 2.48 ha and A, 0.84 ha), a zero-order basin (0.25 ha), and a hillslope segment (0.0045 ha) were measured for nine individual storms prior to and during the typhoon season of 1992. Antecedent rainfall greatly influenced the dynamic contributions from various watershed components. During drier conditions at the beginning of the typhoon season, storm runoff was small (< 2.5% of rainfall), largely generated by contributions from the narrow riparian zone. As wetness increased, subsurface flow from a hillslope segment contributed 2.0-3.4 times the runoff (on a unit contributing area basis) as the entire forest basin B. At least the lower 20% of the hillslope appeared to contribute to contribute actively to subsurface stormflow during late season events with very wet antecedent conditions. During major storms with high antecedent moisture, macropore flow comprised more than 25% of total subsurface flow during the peak and recession limbs of hydrographs. Almost no macropore flow occurred during storms with dry antecedent conditions. Zero-order basins with shallow soils appear to contribute to stormflow once a threshold of saturation is reached; after this point these geomorphic hollows contribute similar magnitudes of flow (per unit area) as subsurface hillslope drainage. Water yields during the two largest storms (with wet antecedent conditions) were higher in basin EB (16.6-25.6%) than in basin B (11.6-19.5%), partly owing to reduced canopy interception in the cutover portion of EB. During the two smallest storms (dry antecedent conditions) the opposite pattern occurred, likely because of the limited contributing area of stormflow near the stream channel. The dynamic hydrologic contributions of the near-channel zone, hillslope soils, and zero-order basins with respect to antecedent moisture and storm intensity offer new insights into the variable source area concept of streamflow generation and supplement more recent streamflow generation studies based on tracer tests. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Sidle, R C AU - Tsuboyama, Y AU - Noguchi, S AU - Hosoda, I AU - Fujieda, M AU - Shimizu, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 227 EP - 250 VL - 168 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Japan, Hitachi Ohta KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - headwaters KW - storm runoff KW - streamflow KW - hydrographs KW - rainfall KW - forest hydrology KW - runoff KW - catchment areas KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16799511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+hydrologic+response+at+various+spatial+scales+in+a+small+forested+catchment%2C+Hitachi+Ohta%2C+Japan&rft.au=Sidle%2C+R+C%3BTsuboyama%2C+Y%3BNoguchi%2C+S%3BHosoda%2C+I%3BFujieda%2C+M%3BShimizu%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forest hydrology; headwaters; catchment areas; runoff; rainfall; hydrographs; storm runoff; streamflow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass reduction of standing and flat crop residues by selected tillage implements AN - 16799051; 3748601 AB - Field data were collected to determine the mass reduction of standing residue by selected tillage operations and to develop a set of coefficients that could represent changes in mass between standing, flat, and buried residue pools caused by those tillage operations. Tillage implements used in this study were tandem-disk harrows, chisel plows, and wide-sweep plows. A range of pre-tillage corn and wheat residue conditions were studied, with standing and flat residue pools sampled separately before and after each tillage operation. The data show that 7% of standing corn residue was flattened with a wide-sweep plow, 89 to 100% with tandem-disk harrows, 29% with a straight-shank chisel plow, and 76% with a twisted-point chisel plow. Wheat residue data indicated that 53 to 55% of the standing residue was flattened with the wide-sweep plows, 86% for a wide-sweep plow outfitted with a rolling harrow treader attachment, and 86 to 95% for the tandem-disk harrows. The two straight-shanked chisel plows, one outfitted with a drag harrow attachment using coil-spring wire teeth and one without an attachment, flattened 90% and 22% of the standing wheat residue, respectively. A set of transfer equations also was developed to represent changes in mass between standing, flat, and buried residue pools from tillage operations. Only three coefficients (flattening, burial, and surfacing) are necessary to describe the transfer of mass from one residue pool to another. Coefficient values, determined via a constrained optimization procedure, are presented for each tillage implement on both corn and wheat residues. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wagner, LE AU - Nelson, R G AD - USDA-ARS, Wind Erosion Unit, Manhattan, KS, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 419 EP - 427 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - infiltration KW - erosion control KW - crops KW - soil erosion KW - corn KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16799051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Mass+reduction+of+standing+and+flat+crop+residues+by+selected+tillage+implements&rft.au=Wagner%2C+LE%3BNelson%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural practices; crops; corn; erosion control; infiltration; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous baculoviruses infectious to cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by an optical brightener AN - 16797709; 3754957 AB - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from H. zea (HzSNPV) was the most active virus tested against cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea (Boddie) larvae (LC sub(50) = 130 PIB per 30-ml cup) followed by MNPVs from the celery looper, Autographa falcifera (Kirby), (AfMNPV; LC sub(50) = 2,100 PIB per 30-ml cup), the MNPV from the bollworm, H. armigera (Huebner) (HaMNPV; LC sub(50) = 4,800 PIB per 30-ml cup), the MNPV from the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (GmMNPV; LC sub(50) = 6,500 PIB per 30-ml cup), and the MNPV from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV; LC sub(50) = 7,500 PIB per 30-ml cup). The addition of a selected brightener (Tinopal LPW) reduced the LC sub(50)s for HzSNPV by 8.7-fold, for AfMNPV by 13.1-fold, for HaMNPV by 25.3-fold, for GmMNPV by 2.1-fold, and for AcMNPV by 50.0-fold. The addition of Tinopal LPW significantly decreased the LT sub(50)s by 31.3% (AfMNPV), 30.5% (HaMNPV), 34.9% (GmMNPV), 28.9% (AcMNPV) but only decreased the LT sub(50) for HzSNPV by 4.5%. Despite the addition of Tinopal LPW, H. zea larvae infected with AfMNPV, HaMNPV, GmMNPV, and AcMNPV died 1.2, 4.3, 2.6, and 3.5 d, respectively, later than larvae infected with HzSNPV alone. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Vaughn, J L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 265 EP - 269 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - baculovirus KW - biological control KW - pest control KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - pathogenicity KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16797709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+in+activity+of+homologous+and+heterologous+baculoviruses+infectious+to+cotton+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+by+an+optical+brightener&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BVaughn%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pest control; pathogenicity; baculovirus; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Woody tissue maintenance respiration of four conifers in contrasting climates AN - 16790084; 3747330 AB - We estimate maintenance respiration for boles of four temperate conifers (ponderosa pine, western hemlock, red pine, and slash pine) from CO sub(2) efflux measurements in autumn, when construction respiration is low or negligible. Maintenance respiration of stems was linearly related to sapwood volume for all species; at 10 degree C, respiration per unit sapwood volume ranged from 4.8 to 8.3 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-3) s super(-1). For all sites combined, respiration increased exponentially with temperature (Q sub(10) = 1.7, r super(2) = 0.78). We estimate that maintenance respiration of aboveground woody tissues of these conifers consumes 52-162 g C m super(-2) y super(-1), or 5-13% of net daytime carbon assimilation annually. The fraction of annual net daytime carbon fixation used for stem maintenance respiration increased linearly with the average annual temperature of the site. JF - Oecologia AU - Ryan, M G AU - Gower, ST AU - Hubbard, R M AU - Waring, R H AU - Gholz, H L AU - Cropper, WP Jr AU - Running, S W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Exp. Stn., 240 W. Prospect St., Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 133 EP - 140 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - wood KW - climate KW - conifers KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16790084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Woody+tissue+maintenance+respiration+of+four+conifers+in+contrasting+climates&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G%3BGower%2C+ST%3BHubbard%2C+R+M%3BWaring%2C+R+H%3BGholz%2C+H+L%3BCropper%2C+WP+Jr%3BRunning%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conifers; climate; respiration; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial prediction of soil salinity using electromagnetic induction techniques 1. Statistical prediction models: A comparison of multiple linear regression and cokriging AN - 16789904; 3745000 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lesch, S M AU - Strauss, D J AU - Rhoades, J D AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 373 EP - 386 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - cokringing KW - electromagnetic induction KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - comparison studies KW - statistical analysis KW - saline soils KW - surveys KW - regression analysis KW - geophysics KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+prediction+of+soil+salinity+using+electromagnetic+induction+techniques+1.+Statistical+prediction+models%3A+A+comparison+of+multiple+linear+regression+and+cokriging&rft.au=Lesch%2C+S+M%3BStrauss%2C+D+J%3BRhoades%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Lesch&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - saline soils; regression analysis; statistical analysis; geophysics; comparison studies; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne parasites AN - 16789791; 3748247 AB - Foodborne parasitic diseases are an important cause of illness and economic loss world-wide. The public health burden imposed by parasitic diseases such as toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, cysticercosis and trematodosis are substantial even in developed countries. The rising concern generally over food safety is causing a reappraisal of the significance of foodborne parasites and the strategies to control them. It is clear that public trust in food production systems will depend on the development of more effective safeguards, which in turn will require much greater understanding of the nature and epidemiology of these zoonoses. The complexities of these parasite's life histories, and the close association of infection risk with entrenched cultural and agricultural practices make solutions difficult. The application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach will require more information on parasite epidemiology, particularly factors which regulate survival and transmission. Control strategies must address the complete sequence of events encompassed by the food production chain. This will also require more effective detection technologies. More concerted efforts to educate consumers, industry, government, and public health workers of the hazards of foodborne parasites is also needed. Coupled with this is the demand for implementation of international guidelines and codes established by WHO and FAO for the production of food, especially fish and fish products. This review will present our current understanding of the biology and epidemiology of the major foodborne parasite zoonoses, and recommendations for research and control. JF - International Journal of Environmental Health Research AU - Murrell, K D AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Build. 003, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 63 EP - 85 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0960-3123, 0960-3123 KW - zoonoses KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - parasites KW - epidemiology KW - diseases KW - food contamination KW - public health KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.atitle=Foodborne+parasites&rft.au=Murrell%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Murrell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.issn=09603123&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food contamination; parasites; public health; diseases; epidemiology; zoonoses; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity analysis of a simple layer-equilibrium model for the one-dimensional leaching of solutes AN - 16789251; 3743131 AB - Simulated solute concentration profiles in soils are affected by inherent model limitations and by estimation and experimental errors in input parameter values. Sensitivity analysis can help investigators rank the relative importance of these errors, and focus on those parameters that have the greatest affect on profile estimates. A sensitivity analysis is presented for the simple layer-equilibrium model Trace Element Transport (acronym TETrans). The sensitivity of the output to changes in the following physical, chemical and biological input parameters is shown: chemical adsorption coefficients (i.e., Langmuir affinity coefficient and Langmuir adsorption maximum), mobility coefficient (a term specific to TETrans which represents the fraction of soil water which is displaced strictly by piston-type flow), field capacity water content, minimum water content (i.e., the water content at the wilting point), bulk density, maximum root penetration depth and root water uptake distribution. In addition, sensitivity to the soil layer thickness, and to the initial and boundary conditions is presented. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART A: ENVIRON. SCI. ENG. AU - Corwin, D L AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Dr., Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 201 EP - 238 VL - A30 IS - 1 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil horizons KW - sensitivity analysis KW - solutes KW - leaching KW - boundary conditions KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A%3A+ENVIRON.+SCI.+ENG.&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+analysis+of+a+simple+layer-equilibrium+model+for+the+one-dimensional+leaching+of+solutes&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=A30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A%3A+ENVIRON.+SCI.+ENG.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Toxic and hazardous substance control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sensitivity analysis; leaching; solutes; soil water; boundary conditions; soil horizons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of adult Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in cotton and development and validation of fixed-precision sampling plans for estimating population density AN - 16789249; 3744636 AB - We conducted studies to examine distributional patterns of adult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) strain B (also referred to as Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and to develop and validate a sequential sampling plan for estimating population density. Adults were consistently more abundant on mainstem leaves from the top stratum of cotton plants than on mainstem leaves from the middle and bottom strata. Counts on mainstem leaves from the top of the plant also had the lowest relative variation. Adults on the top stratum of the plant were fairly uniformly distributed over leaves from mainstem nodes 2-7 (terminal = node 1), but numbers of adults were highest and least variable on fifth-node leaves. Patterns of aggregation, as measured by Taylor's power law, did not differ among the top, middle, and bottom strata of cotton plants and were similar among the first six mainstem leaves below the mainstem terminal. Ratios between counts of adults on individual leaves from the top stratum of the plant and whole plant counts were variable and averaged ( plus or minus SD) 0.075 plus or minus 0.071. Based on fifth mainstem node leaves as the sample unit, we used Kuno's and Green's methods to develop fixed-precision sequential sampling plans. The underlying mean-variance models for these methods and performance of the sequential stop lines were compared and evaluated using a resampling simulation of independent data sets with means ranging from 2 to 50 adults per leaf. Compared with Iwao's mean crowding regression. Taylor's power law was a less biased predictor of variance. As a result, Green's plan, on average, achieved the desired precision better than Kuno's plan even though neither plan consistently gave mean estimates with the desired precision. Further simulations provided preliminary adjustments in the stop lines for field implementation. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Flint, H M AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 261 EP - 270 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - population density KW - Gossypium KW - spatial distribution KW - sampling KW - adults KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+adult+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+in+cotton+and+development+and+validation+of+fixed-precision+sampling+plans+for+estimating+population+density&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BFlint%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Bemisia tabaci; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; spatial distribution; population density; sampling; adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial prediction of soil salinity using electromagnetic induction techniques 2. An efficient spatial sampling algorithm suitable for multiple linear regression model identification and estimation AN - 16789108; 3745001 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lesch, S M AU - Strauss, D J AU - Rhoades, J D AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 387 EP - 398 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - electromagnetic induction KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sampling KW - data collections KW - saline soils KW - surveys KW - algorithms KW - regression analysis KW - geophysics KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+prediction+of+soil+salinity+using+electromagnetic+induction+techniques+2.+An+efficient+spatial+sampling+algorithm+suitable+for+multiple+linear+regression+model+identification+and+estimation&rft.au=Lesch%2C+S+M%3BStrauss%2C+D+J%3BRhoades%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Lesch&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - saline soils; regression analysis; geophysics; surveys; algorithms; sampling; data collections ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive response of ewes fed alfalfa pellets containing sodium selenate or Astragalus bisulcatus as a selenium source AN - 16789048; 3743389 AB - Selenium fed to open cycling ewes in the form of sodium selenate or Astragalus bisulcatus (a selenium accumulator plant) at 24 or 29 ppm selenium, respectively, in alfalfa hay pellets did not alter the estrous cycle length, estrus behavior, progesterone or estrogen profiles, pregnancy rate or outcome of parturition (P>0.05). There was wool loss in some ewes fed seleniferous pellets and the mean whole blood selenium levels were 0.45, 1.3 and 2.4 ppm, respectively, for control, A bisulcatus and sodium selenate; however, ewe condition and appearance remained good. All lambs appeared normal and the number of lambs born and the individual and total lamb weight averages were not significantly (P>0.05) different between treatment groups and control group. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Panter, KE AU - James, L F AU - Mayland, H F AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 30 EP - 32 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - selenium KW - sodium selenate KW - sheep KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Astragalus bisulcatus KW - dietary intake KW - reproduction KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reproductive+response+of+ewes+fed+alfalfa+pellets+containing+sodium+selenate+or+Astragalus+bisulcatus+as+a+selenium+source&rft.au=Panter%2C+KE%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BMayland%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus bisulcatus; dietary intake; reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of irrigation scheduling using temperature-time thresholds AN - 16788732; 3747421 AB - Irrigation of cotton was scheduled using a minimum three-day irrigation cycle which was adjusted by temperature-time thresholds (TTT). These TTT were measured as the amount of time that canopy temperature exceeded 28 degree C during one day. The TTT that were tested ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 h in 1991 and from 2 to 8 h in 1992. In both years an increase of 1 h in TTT decreased the number of irrigations by 1.3 for the period day of year (DOY) 184 to DOY 243. Average canopy temperature between DOY 198 and DOY 273 was 1.2 degree C higher in the 7.5 TTT than in 2.5 TTT in 1991 and in 1992 the 8 TTT treatment was 2.2 degree C higher than the 2 TTT treatment (averages are based on time when air temperature exceeded 28 degree C and total radiation exceeded 500 W/m super(2)). The TTT treatments produced consistent differences in irrigation frequency and application amount in both years. Yields were not different among the TTT treatments in either year. In 1991 Verticillium wilt, a severe infestation of aphids, and 26.6 cm of rainfall during July through September reduced yields in all treatments. All irrigated yields were high in 1992 compared to long-term averages in spite of a late planting date. Even a small amount of irrigation in 1992 combined with a full soil water profile prevented significant moisture stress. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Upchurch AU - Mahan, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Res. Lab., Lubbock, TX, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 403 EP - 409 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - scheduling KW - cotton KW - water conservation KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - water use efficiency KW - temperature KW - irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Control+of+irrigation+scheduling+using+temperature-time+thresholds&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BUpchurch%3BMahan%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation; scheduling; cotton; agriculture; temperature; water management; water conservation; water use efficiency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-cockaded woodpecker population trends and management on Texas national forests AN - 16788053; 3748071 AB - Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) population trends and concurrent management on four national forests in eastern Texas were evaluated from 1983 through 1993. Following years of decline, populations stabilized and began to increase after intensive management efforts were initiated. Management activities included control of hardwood midstory and understory, thinning pines within woodpecker cavity-tree cluster areas, use of cavity restrictors and artificial cavities, translocation of first-year woodpeckers to replace lost breeders, and reintroductions of male and female first-year woodpeckers to form totally new breeding pairs. Most newly formed woodpecker groups were associated with midstory removal (30) and installation of artificial cavities (22). Reversal of severe declines on the three small populations in eastern Texas suggests that recovery of other small populations throughout the south is an achievable goal if management is committed to recovery of the species. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Bonner, L H AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 140 EP - 151 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - endangered species KW - Picoides borealis KW - USA, Texas KW - management KW - population status KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Red-cockaded+woodpecker+population+trends+and+management+on+Texas+national+forests&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BBonner%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; USA, Texas; population status; endangered species; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of alachlor and atrazine in polymeric microcapsules determined by reverse-phase high performance thin layer chromatography with densitometry AN - 16787955; 3743124 AB - A method to analyze polymeric microcapsules of the herbicides alachlor and atrazine by reverse-phase high performance thin layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) has been developed. The herbicidal concentration is determined by densitometry. The method is rapid and reproducible and offers a practical alternative to determination of alachlor and atrazine by elemental analyses. Impurities, metabolites, and decomposition products which may yield falsely high percentages of herbicidal content as determined by elemental analyses are readily detected by RP-HPTLC and are not sources of error. JF - Journal of Liquid Chromatography AU - Dailey, OD Jr AU - Johnson, R M AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 873 EP - 885 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0148-3919, 0148-3919 KW - atrazine KW - groundwater contamination KW - pollution detection KW - alachlor KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - herbicides KW - groundwater pollution KW - pollutant identification KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+alachlor+and+atrazine+in+polymeric+microcapsules+determined+by+reverse-phase+high+performance+thin+layer+chromatography+with+densitometry&rft.au=Dailey%2C+OD+Jr%3BJohnson%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Dailey&rft.aufirst=OD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography&rft.issn=01483919&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alachlor; atrazine; herbicides; liquid chromatography; groundwater pollution; pollutant identification; pollution detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimum and maximum temperatures for growth and verotoxin production by hemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli AN - 16786176; 3748207 AB - The influence of temperature on growth and verotoxin production by Escherichia coli strains was studied in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth both in shake cultures at various temperatures and in a temperature-gradient incubator. All strains of E. coli surveyed grew from at least 10 to 45 degree C, with some strains growing at 8 degree C. Verotoxin production (determined using the Vero cell-assay system) was a function of both temperature and time, with the highest titers produced at temperatures supporting the fastest growth (based on days to visible turbidity) and highest viable cell counts. However, for strains producing verotoxin, toxin production was detected at any temperature supporting growth. Three strains (of 16 tested) increased 1000-fold in viable count in 4 to 6 days at 10 degree C. The data presented here indicate that most E. coli strains surveyed can easily grow at ca. 10 degree C and thus suggest the potential for growth in temperature-abused refrigerated foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Call, JE AU - Schultz, F J AU - Williams, A C AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 352 EP - 356 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - verocytotoxin KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - toxins KW - temperature tolerance KW - Escherichia coli KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Minimum+and+maximum+temperatures+for+growth+and+verotoxin+production+by+hemorrhagic+strains+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+SA%3BCall%2C+JE%3BSchultz%2C+F+J%3BWilliams%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; temperature tolerance; toxins; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): Host preference and factors affecting oviposition and feeding site preference AN - 16786027; 3748148 AB - Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring preferred cantaloupe, Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis L., to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., and lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata L., in 1992 and 1993 in field and greenhouse studies. In the absence of cantaloupe, B. argentifolii preferred cotton to broccoli and lettuce, respectively. More eggs and fewer nymphs were found on broccoli than on cotton in the field. Differences in relative abundance of vascular bundles per unit of leaf area among the four plant species may partly account for differences in oviposition site selection. Vascular bundle volume per unit of leaf tissue volume was 50% greater in cantaloupe than in cotton and broccoli, which in turn had significantly greater volumes than lettuce. Field studies showed that most B. argentifolii on cotton and cantaloupe leaves were found on lower leaf surfaces. Distances from upper and lower leaf surfaces to the nearest vascular bundles in cotton leaves were 131 and 60 mu m, respectively. This distribution favors oviposition and feeding on the lower surface of a leaf. Leaf structure, positive effect of gravity, and negative effect of light affected oviposition site preferences in laboratory studies. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Chu, Chang-Chi AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Cohen, A C AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4151 Higw. 86, Brawley, CA 92227, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 354 EP - 360 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - host preferences KW - oviposition KW - food preferences KW - site selection KW - Homoptera KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%3A+Host+preference+and+factors+affecting+oviposition+and+feeding+site+preference&rft.au=Chu%2C+Chang-Chi%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BCohen%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Chang-Chi&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia argentifolii; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; host preferences; food preferences; oviposition; site selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Within-plant variation in nitrogen and sugar content of poinsettia and its effects on the oviposition pattern, survival, and development of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16786001; 3748146 AB - More females of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring were found on young (nodes 3 or 4) and fully expanded mature leaves from the midregion (nodes 7 or 8), than on nonsenescence old leaves from the lower region (nodes 11 or 12) of single-stemmed vegetative poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willdenow (Euphorbiaceae). Yet, more eggs were laid on mature and old leaves than on young leaves. More crawlers hatched from eggs laid on young or old leaves than on mature leaves. More crawlers reached the adult stage when reared on mature leaves than on young and old leaves. The protein nitrogen content of the leaves and the sugar content of the phloem were correlated with the amino nitrogen content of the phloem. Increased oviposition on mature and old leaves is correlated with the high nitrogen content of these leaf types compared with young leaves. Oviposition on mature leaves is clearly adaptive because survivorship of whiteflies is higher on these leaves. Leaf nitrogen content is probably the cue used by B. argentifolii to discriminate among leaf types within a plant. Whiteflies may use nitrogen concentration of the leaf tissue to assess indirectly the nitrogen content of the phloem because the two were correlated. Sugar concentration was correlated with amino nitrogen concentration in phloem. Phagostimulant dependence on sugar may elicit maximal settling and ingestion by whiteflies where amino acids are most likely to be in good supply. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bentz, J-A AU - Reeves, J III AU - Barbosa, P AU - Francis, B AD - Floral & Nursery Plants Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Build. 470, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 271 EP - 277 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - nitrogen KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - feeding KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - nutrition KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - oviposition KW - Homoptera KW - sugar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Within-plant+variation+in+nitrogen+and+sugar+content+of+poinsettia+and+its+effects+on+the+oviposition+pattern%2C+survival%2C+and+development+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Bentz%2C+J-A%3BReeves%2C+J+III%3BBarbosa%2C+P%3BFrancis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=J-A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia pulcherrima; Bemisia argentifolii; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; feeding; nutrition; oviposition; sugar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AAL-toxin, a potent natural herbicide which disrupts sphingolipid metabolism of plants AN - 16785751; 3745724 AB - AAL-toxin, a product of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., is effective as a herbicide at low concentrations against a range of broadleaf plants (e.g. jimsonweed, prickly sida and black nightshade). However, monocotyledonous crops such as maize and wheat, as well as some varieties of tomato, are tolerant to it. The IC sub(50) values for cellular electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll loss in duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) after 72 h treatment were 20-40 nM. Similar results were obtained with a susceptible tomato variety. AAL-toxin caused rapid cellular leakage of electrolytes, followed by cellular collapse; the first symptom at the ultrastructural level is disruption of the plasma membrane. The effects of the toxin are not light-dependent and appear to be associated with dysfunction of the plasma membrane. Fumonisins and sphingoid bases such as phytosphingosine cause similar effects, although these compounds are less potent (fumonisins, about 10-fold; sphingoid bases, about 100-fold). Recent studies suggest that in duckweed and in susceptible tomato varieties, AAL-toxin- and fumonisin B sub(1)-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early event in the cascade of events leading to phytotoxic injury and cell death. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, SO AU - Paul, R N AU - Riley, R T AU - Tanaka, T AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - AAL-toxin KW - freshwater weeds KW - phytotoxicity KW - plant control KW - plant metabolism KW - toxins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - lipids KW - metabolism KW - herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Lemna paucicostata KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32455:Others KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16785751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=AAL-toxin%2C+a+potent+natural+herbicide+which+disrupts+sphingolipid+metabolism+of+plants&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+SO%3BPaul%2C+R+N%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BTanaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lipids; plant control; metabolism; herbicides; plant metabolism; freshwater weeds; toxins; phytotoxicity; Alternaria alternata; Lemna paucicostata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What's brewing in barley biotechnology? AN - 16785519; 3745100 AB - The primary aim of barley (Hordeum vulgare) improvement for use in malting and brewing is to expand the germplasm available to breeders. The development of a transformation system for barley, along with an improved understanding of the biology underlying malting quality, has made it possible to consider improving barley by making planned genetic changes. In this review, we discuss the opportunities for biotechnology as they apply to the use of barley in malting and brewing. JF - BIO/TECHNOLOGY AU - McElroy, D AU - Jacobsen, J AD - USDA-ARS Plant Gene Expr. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 245 EP - 249 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0733-222, 0733-222 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - biotechnology KW - brewing KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16785519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIO%2FTECHNOLOGY&rft.atitle=What%27s+brewing+in+barley+biotechnology%3F&rft.au=McElroy%2C+D%3BJacobsen%2C+J&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BIO%2FTECHNOLOGY&rft.issn=0733222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; brewing; Hordeum vulgare ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests AN - 16784566; 3747372 AB - Forest managers in the Pacific Northwest are faced with new challenges of providing for all wildlife in managed forests. Our objective was to elucidate the factors governing the composition and biomass of forest floor mammal communities that are amenable to management. We sampled small mammal communities in forests of various management histories on the Olympic Peninsula and contrasted our results with those of other large studies in the Pacific Northwest. Forest floor mammal communities in forests >35 yr old in the Western Hemlock Zone of Washington and Oregon are composed of 5-8 characteristic species. These include Sorex trowbridgii (numerically the most dominant); one species each of Clethrionomys, the Sorex vagrans complex, and Peromyscus; and Neurotrichus gibbsii. Species composition changes from south to north, and the communities on the Olympic Peninsula contain two or three additional species compared to communities to the south. Communities in naturally regenerated and clearcutting regenerated (managed) young forests are similar in composition to those in old growth; old growth, however, supports 1.5 times more individuals and biomass than managed forest. Community diversity seems related to the south-north moisture-temperature gradient that is reflected in increased diversity of canopy conifers, development of forest floor litter layers, accumulation of coarse woody debris, and abundance of herbs, deciduous shrubs, and shade-tolerant seedlings (as opposed to understories dominated by evergreen shrubs). Previous work found few habitat variables that were good predictors of species abundance in natural young and old-growth stands. Naturally regenerated young stands had higher levels of coarse woody debris than old growth. Managed stands had much lower abundance of coarse woody debris and tall shrubs than old growth. Understory vegetation (herbs and shrubs) and coarse woody debris accounted for a major part of the variation in abundance of six of eight species in managed stands, but only two species in old growth. Management of Western Hemlock Zone forest for conservation of biodiversity and restoration of old-growth conditions should concentrate on providing multispecies canopies, coarse woody debris, and well-developed understories. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Carey, AB AU - Johnson, M L AD - Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Olympia, WA 98502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 336 EP - 352 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - USA, Washington KW - plant debris KW - Mammalia KW - USA, Oregon KW - species diversity KW - old growth KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16784566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Small+mammals+in+managed%2C+naturally+young%2C+and+old-growth+forests&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB%3BJohnson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; USA, Washington; USA, Oregon; forest management; old growth; plant debris; species diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regressors of whole-carcass zinc phosphide/phosphine residues in voles: Indirect evidence of low hazards to predators/scavengers AN - 16784076; 3738300 AB - Whole-carcass residues of the rodenticide zinc phosphide (Zn sub(3)P sub(2)) and hydrolyzed phosphine (PH sub(3)) were determined for voles (Microtus spp.) that died following ingestion of a 2% Zn sub(3)P sub(2) steam rolled oat (SRO) groats bait. Procedures involved: a three-day acceptance test to assess vole consumption (n = 27) of control SRO groats and several one-day Zn sub(3)P sub(2) - (n = 13) or control-bait (n = 4) tests to characterize onset of pharmacotoxic signs and to obtain fatally-dosed carcasses for residue analyses. Carcasses were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN sub(2)) to maximize retention of Zn sub(3)P sub(2)/PH sub(3) residues prior to chemical determinations. Linear regressions were computed between pairs of consumption and residue variables. Main results were the following: (1) mean ( plus or minus SD) consumption of control bait was 2.5 ( plus or minus 0.9), 3.0 ( plus or minus 0.9), and 2.8 ( plus or minus 0.8) g on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( greater than or equal to 10.6 plus or minus 4.6% of body weight); (2) all test-bait voles (n = 13) died similar to 4-12 h after bait presentation, with lethargy and respiratory distress key signs of toxicosis; (3) whole-carcass Zn sub(3)P sub(2) residues averaged 1.73 mg (min-max: 0.31-4.95), and PH sub(3) residues averaged 10.6 mu g (min-max: 0.5-21.0); and (4) significant linear regressions were found between bait consumption/Zn sub(3)P sub(2) intake and body weight (r super(2) = 0.64, p less than or equal to 0.001), carcass Zn sub(3)P sub(2) and bait consumption/Zn sub(3)P sub(2) intake (r super(2) = 0.32, p less than or equal to 0.043), and carcass Zn sub(3)P sub(2) and body weight (r super(2) = 0.60, p less than or equal to 0.002). Certain analytical and hazards issues are discussed. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Sterner, R T AU - Mauldin, R E AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Build. 16, Fed. Cent., Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 519 EP - 523 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - zinc phosphide KW - Microtus spp. KW - carcasses KW - environmental effects KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - food chains KW - Microtus KW - rodenticides KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16784076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Regressors+of+whole-carcass+zinc+phosphide%2Fphosphine+residues+in+voles%3A+Indirect+evidence+of+low+hazards+to+predators%2Fscavengers&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T%3BMauldin%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microtus; rodenticides; food chains; carcasses; environmental effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scale and the nature of spatial variability: Field examples having implications for hydrologic modeling AN - 16783062; 3744702 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Seyfried AU - Wilcox, B P AD - ARS-USDA, Boise, ID, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 173 EP - 184 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - ground water KW - groundwater recharge KW - hydrologic models KW - infiltration KW - interstitial ice KW - model studies KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - stochastic hydrology KW - stormwater runoff KW - surface runoff KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - rainfall KW - mathematical models KW - snow KW - water resources KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16783062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Scale+and+the+nature+of+spatial+variability%3A+Field+examples+having+implications+for+hydrologic+modeling&rft.au=Seyfried%3BWilcox%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Seyfried&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; rainfall; snow; mathematical models; water resources; ground water; stormwater runoff; model studies; groundwater recharge; stochastic hydrology; rainfall-runoff relationships; hydrologic models; interstitial ice; infiltration; surface runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal release rates for attracting Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, and other nematodes to carbon dioxide in sand AN - 16782662; 3742068 AB - Movement of vermiform stages of Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Ditylenchus phyllobius, Steinernema glaseri, and Caenorhabditis elegans in response to carbon dioxide was studied in 40- and 72-mm-long cylinders of moist sand inside 38-mm-d acrylic tubes. Meloidogyne incognita, R. reniformis, and S. glaseri were attracted to CO sub(2) when placed on a linear gradient of 0.2%/cm at a mean CO sub(2) concentration of 1.2%. When CO sub(2) was delivered into the sand through a syringe needle at flow rates between 2 and 130 mu l/minute, the optimal flow rate for attracting M. incognita and R. reniformis was 15 mu l/minute, and maximal attraction of the two species from a distance of 52 mm was achieved after 29 and 40 hours, respectively. After 24 hours, a total CO sub(2) volume of 20 cm super(3) was sufficient to induce 96% of all M. incognita introduced to move into the half of the cylinder into which CO sub(2) was delivered and more than 75% to accumulate in the 9 cm super(3) of sand volume nearest the source. Results indicate it may be possible to use a chemical or biological source of CO sub(2) to attract nematodes to nematicide granules or biocontrol agents. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Robinson, A F AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Crops Res. Lab., 2765 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 42 EP - 50 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Rotylenchulus reniformis KW - carbon dioxide KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - sand KW - chemotaxis KW - methodology KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - attractants KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - Y 25692:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18007:Chemotaxis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Optimal+release+rates+for+attracting+Meloidogyne+incognita%2C+Rotylenchulus+reniformis%2C+and+other+nematodes+to+carbon+dioxide+in+sand&rft.au=Robinson%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meloidogyne incognita; sand; methodology; attractants; chemotaxis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural enemy impact on the abundance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) in wheat in southern France AN - 16782089; 3744678 AB - Natural enemy impact on Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) abundance was measured with field exclosure experiments in wheat near Montpellier, France, during three springs. Plants were artificially infested with D. noxia; predators, parasitoids, and aphid-borne pathogens were excluded from some plants but not others; and subsequent changes in aphid densities were compared by destructive plant sampling. Each year, D. noxia density in all treatments increased and then declined as plant quality deteriorated, but peak densities were 10- to 18-fold higher on closed-caged plants than on open-caged or uncaged plants. Differences in microclimate, emigration, and aphid competition were eliminated as explanations for differences in D. noxia densities. The mortality required to explain differences in dynamics between closed-caged and open-caged/uncaged D. noxia populations was calculated. Natural enemies were sampled in the surrounding wheat to assess their capacity to inflict this required mortality. The predatory coccinellid Coccinella septempunctata L. reached densities of 4-16 per square meter and the predatory syrphids Episyrphus balteatus De Geer, Metasyrphus corollae F., and Sphaerophoria scripta L. together reached one per square meter. The parasitoids Aphelinus asychis Walker, Aphelinus varipes (Foerster), Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh), and Aphidius matricariae were also abundant. Given predator search capacities and observed parasitism rates, mortality from natural enemies could easily account for the differences in D. noxia densities between closed-caged and open-caged/uncaged plants. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hopper, K R AU - Aidara, S AU - Agret, S AU - Cabal, J AU - Coutinot, D AU - Dabire, R AU - Lesieux, C AU - Kirk, G AU - Reichert, S AU - Tronchetti, F AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, BP 4168 Parc Sci. Agropolis, 34092 Montpellier, France Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 402 EP - 408 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Triticum aestirum KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - biological control KW - Aphididae KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - France KW - natural enemies KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Natural+enemy+impact+on+the+abundance+of+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+in+wheat+in+southern+France&rft.au=Hopper%2C+K+R%3BAidara%2C+S%3BAgret%2C+S%3BCabal%2C+J%3BCoutinot%2C+D%3BDabire%2C+R%3BLesieux%2C+C%3BKirk%2C+G%3BReichert%2C+S%3BTronchetti%2C+F&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diuraphis noxia; Aphididae; Homoptera; France; biological control; natural enemies; population levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitization of Heliothis virescens and H. virescens-H. subflexa backcross (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16781972; 3744677 AB - Ovipositional acceptance tests with Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) were conducted in the laboratory using Heliothis virescens (F.) and the H. virescens-H. subflexa back-cross. No differences in parasitism rates of the two host types were observed in petri dish bioassays. A similar lack of difference in parasitization of H. virescens and H. virescens-H. subflexa larvae was observed in field studies where hosts and parasitoids were released on caged cotton plants. Mean longevity and fecundity of female M. croceipes were not significantly different between H. virescens and the backcross. Also, there were no differences in developmental times for males and females between the two host types. Thus, augmentative releases of M. croceipes during or following a sterile backcross release should not adversely affect the backcross release ration so the two control measures possibly could be used effectively together in an area-wide management program for control of H. virescens. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tillman, P G AU - Laster, M L AD - South. Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 409 EP - 411 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - Braconidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - parasitism KW - Noctuidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Heliothis virescens KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Parasitization+of+Heliothis+virescens+and+H.+virescens-H.+subflexa+backcross+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+by+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G%3BLaster%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Microplitis croceipes; biological control; parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical considerations in the design and analysis of paired-choice assays AN - 16781939; 3744665 AB - In paired-choice assays, two treatments are presented simultaneously to each subject. Data from such arrays should not be considered to be independent, and correct statistical analysis must account for the correlation. A statistical test that often is appropriate for these assays is the paired-sample t-test. I present curves showing the extent to which statistical power of this test is affected by sample size, effect size (i.e., magnitude of treatment differences), and correlation. For a given effect size and replication, positive correlation between paired observations substantially improves power of the test, whereas negative correlation reduces power. I conducted a literature survey of paired-choice assays to determine whether there are patterns in effect sizes and correlation that might assist in designing studies or in predicting minimum sample sizes necessary to achieve reasonable statistical power; experiments were categorized according to whether they were feeding or oviposition assays. The review indicated that correlation was highly variable and ranged between strongly negative and strongly positive values. Oviposition assays showed larger positive correlations than did feeding assays, resulting in larger effect sizes (adjusted for correlation); however, feeding assays tended to use larger sample sizes than oviposition assays, hence estimated statistical power was similar between the two types of assays. Oviposition assays often used multiple insects per arena, apparently sacrificing replication, whereas feeding assays tended to use a single insect per arena. Approximately 45% of experiments failed to detect significant treatment effects. The majority of nonsignificant assays had too few replications to detect even a large effect size with a reasonable statistical power. Literature examples are presented to show that assay methodology (specifically number of insects per arena, distance between paired choices, and assay duration) can affect correlation, effect size, and statistical power. Finally, scatter plots of the data, although rarely presented, are shown to provide insight into methodological, statistical, and biological aspects of paired-choice assays. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Horton AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 179 EP - 192 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - feeding KW - statistical analysis KW - oviposition KW - Insecta KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Statistical+considerations+in+the+design+and+analysis+of+paired-choice+assays&rft.au=Horton&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; statistical analysis; feeding; oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Native promoter-plasmid vector system for heterologous cholesterol oxidase synthesis in Streptococcus thermophilus AN - 16781208; 3741559 AB - The cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) of a streptomycete was used as a model for studying heterologous gene expression in Streptococcus thermophilus, an essential bacterium in dairy food fermentations. The vectors pER82 and pER82P were developed from the 2.2-kb indigenous plasmid (pER8) of S. thermophilus ST108, and sP1, a 51-bp synthetic promoter patterned after a chromosomal sequence of S. thermophilus. The presence of sP1 promoter in pER82PbCOb with the choA insert aligned with the cat gene was essential for the intracellular production of cholesterol oxidase. The pER82PbCOb was apparently stable in S. thermophilus with no detectable evidence of deletion mutational events. JF - Plasmid AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Steinberg, D H AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 7 EP - 14 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - cholesterol oxidase KW - choA gene KW - plasmid pER82 KW - plasmid pER82P KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - cloning vectors KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - promoters KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - J 02760:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Native+promoter-plasmid+vector+system+for+heterologous+cholesterol+oxidase+synthesis+in+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus; promoters; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and development of Pseudacteon phorid fly maggots (Diptera: Phoridae) in the heads of Solenopsis fire ant workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 16780551; 3744656 AB - We studied the growth and development of the parasitic phorid fly Pseudacteon litoralis Borgmeier in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. The fly apparently lays one egg in or on the thorax of a major worker. The newly hatched maggot migrates into the head of the ant where it develops through its last two instars in approximately 3 wk (23 degree C). Just before pupariation, an enzyme is apparently released that begins dissolving the cuticular membranes of the ant. The maggot then consumes the entire contents of the ant head, a process that usually results in decapitation of its living host. After pushing the mouth parts aside, the maggot pupariates within the empty head capsule, positioned so that the anterior three segments precisely fill the oral cavity. The pupal stage lasts approximately 3 wk. Results of this study indicate that it should be possible to rear this fly for release as a natural biological control agent of imported fire ants in the United States. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Porter, S D AU - Pesquero, MA AU - Campiolo, S AU - Fowler, H G AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 475 EP - 479 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Pseudacteon litoralis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasites KW - development KW - Formicidae KW - workers KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Phoridae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - growth KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+development+of+Pseudacteon+phorid+fly+maggots+%28Diptera%3A+Phoridae%29+in+the+heads+of+Solenopsis+fire+ant+workers+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BPesquero%2C+MA%3BCampiolo%2C+S%3BFowler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phoridae; Diptera; Solenopsis invicta; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; growth; development; parasites; workers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional correlation of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) defoliation with counts of egg masses, pupae, and male moths AN - 16779840; 3744666 AB - Three different gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), sampling techniques were compared for their spatial correlation with regional defoliation maps. Counts of gypsy moth pupae and egg masses under burlap bands, and counts of male moths in pheromone-baited traps were taken in a network of 150 plots distributed irregularly throughout Massachusetts. These counts were compared with aerial sketch maps of gypsy moth defoliation collected during the same period and digitized into cells (2 by 2 km) cells in a geographic information system. The spatial correlation between counts of the three gypsy moth life stages and defoliation was examined using indicator cross-correlograms. A cross-correlogram quantifies the spatial covariation between two variables by plotting the cross-correlation for a series of interpoint distances. Cross-correlograms indicated that there was substantial correlation between egg mass counts and subsequent defoliation. These correlations extended to 10 cells (20 km) in some cases. Similar patterns were observed for counts of pupae. In contrast, there was little cross-correlation between defoliation and counts of male moths. These results indicate that counts of egg masses (or pupae) under burlap bands may be the most suitable variable to measure for predicting gypsy moth defoliation on a regional scale. The lack of correlation between male moth counts and regional defoliation is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Elkinton, J S AU - Zhou, G AU - Hohn, ME AU - Rossi, R E AU - Boettner, G H AU - Boettner, C W AU - Burnham, C AU - McManus, M L AD - Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 193 EP - 203 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - pupae KW - males KW - Lepidoptera KW - defoliation KW - USA KW - Lymantriidae KW - eggs KW - sampling KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Regional+correlation+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+defoliation+with+counts+of+egg+masses%2C+pupae%2C+and+male+moths&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+AM%3BElkinton%2C+J+S%3BZhou%2C+G%3BHohn%2C+ME%3BRossi%2C+R+E%3BBoettner%2C+G+H%3BBoettner%2C+C+W%3BBurnham%2C+C%3BMcManus%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; USA; population levels; sampling; eggs; pupae; males; defoliation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data management for experimental watersheds AN - 16779198; 3738334 AB - A data management system (DMS) was developed for use with hydrologic databases collected on Little River Experimental Watersheds (LRW) for the 25-year period, 1968 to 1992. The system consists of data management protocols and computer programs that edit field records, detect and correct erroneous data, and provide initial levels of summarization. The system provides logic for filling of missing records, as well as provisions for storage, retrieval, and backup of data. This DMS has produced quality hydrologic databases for use in water resource and environmental quality research, and has resulted in timely availability and summarization of data with low percentages of missing or estimated records. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Sheridan, J M AU - Mills, W C AU - Hester, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton GA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 249 EP - 259 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - databases KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - groundwater KW - computer programs KW - streamflow KW - rainfall KW - watershed management KW - data interpretation KW - USA, Georgia KW - hydrologic data collections KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Data+management+for+experimental+watersheds&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+J+M%3BMills%2C+W+C%3BHester%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - watershed management; hydrologic data collections; computer programs; data interpretation; groundwater; hydrology; streamflow; rainfall; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of REJEX-IT AG-36 as a Canada goose grazing repellent AN - 16779062; 3740065 AB - Effective methods to manage Canada geese (Branta canadensis) implicated in habitat destruction, crop depredation, and nuisance are needed. In July 1993, we applied ReJeX-iT AG-36 (a methyl anthranilate [MA] formulation) to 14- x 14-m grass plots within a 40- x 120-m enclosure to evaluate its effectiveness as a repellent for Canada geese. An application rate of 59 kg/ha of ReJeX-iT AG-36 reduced (P < 0.001) goose activity on treated grass plots for less than or equal to 4 days. Improvements in encapsulating or entrapping MA may extend the effectiveness of ReJeX-iT AG-36. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Cummings, J L AU - Pochop, P A AU - Davis, JE Jr AU - Krupa, H W AD - USDA, Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Build. 16, Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 47 EP - 50 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - crop fields KW - methyl anthranilate KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Branta canadensis KW - pest control KW - grazing KW - agriculture KW - Freshwater KW - repellents KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+REJEX-IT+AG-36+as+a+Canada+goose+grazing+repellent&rft.au=Cummings%2C+J+L%3BPochop%2C+P+A%3BDavis%2C+JE+Jr%3BKrupa%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - grazing; pest control; agriculture; repellents; crop fields; Branta canadensis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model for predicting continental-scale vegetation distribution and water balance AN - 16778530; 3740234 AB - A Mapped Atmosphere-Plant-Soil System (MAPSS) has been constructed for simulating the potential biosphere impacts and biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks from climatic change. The system calculates the potential vegetation type and leaf area that could be supported at a site, within the constraints of the abiotic climate. Both woody vegetation and grass are supported and compete for light and water. The woody vegetation can be either trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, and needleleaved or broadleaved. A complete site water balance is calculated and integrates the vegetation leaf area and stomatol conductance in canopy transpiration and soil hydrology. The MAPSS model accurately simulates the distributions of forests, grasslands, and deserts and reproduces observed monthly runoff. The model can be used for predictions of new vegetation distribution patterns, soil moisture, and runoff patterns in alternative climates. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Neilson, R P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 362 EP - 385 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - models KW - biogeography KW - water balance KW - hydrologic budget KW - soil water KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - vegetation KW - evapotranspiration KW - grasslands KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=A+model+for+predicting+continental-scale+vegetation+distribution+and+water+balance&rft.au=Neilson%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation; forests; grasslands; hydrologic budget; soil water; evapotranspiration; models; biogeography; water balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Within-year population dynamics and forage destruction model for rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16778448; 3744664 AB - A rangeland grasshopper model (HopMod) was developed to incorporate phenological development, forage destruction, natural mortality, and control option efficacy (of the current registered treatments) for a complex of rangeland grasshopper species. These factors must be considered to make economically based management decisions for rangeland grasshoppers. The phenology component is based on heat accumulation for populations under field conditions. Phenology parameters were developed directly from field data from Montana over many sites and years for the species complexes of interest. In addition, HopMod phenology and density can be initialized with real-time field data to improve accuracy. Therefore, the model has potential application over broad geographic areas where similar species complexes occur. This is important because it is very expensive and impractical to collect data necessary to develop site-specific models over such large areas in the western United States. In addition to phenology, there are components to simulate forage consumption, oviposition, natural mortality, and control mortality (including chemical and biological control). The population dynamics component was validated with field data from western North Dakota. Forage consumption was verified by comparing HopMod with previously described methods to estimate grasshopper forage consumption. HopMod was designed to run on a microcomputer (MS-DOS, written in Borland Pascal) as part of a larger decision support system, but can also run as a stand-alone program. The decision support system uses results from HopMod to determine economic utility of treatments suggested by an expert system. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Berry, J S AU - Kemp, W P AU - Onsager, JA AD - Plant Prot. and Quar., USDA-APHIS, c/o Rangeland Insect Lab., Bozeman, MT 59717-0366, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 212 EP - 225 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - models KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - rangelands KW - population dynamics KW - pest attack KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Within-year+population+dynamics+and+forage+destruction+model+for+rangeland+grasshoppers+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Berry%2C+J+S%3BKemp%2C+W+P%3BOnsager%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Orthoptera; population dynamics; models; rangelands; pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl anthranilate as a rice seed treatment to deter birds AN - 16778028; 3740061 AB - Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and related species causes millions of dollars of damage annually to sprouting rice in Louisiana and Texas. Seed treatments that deter birds offer an approach to managing this problem, so we evaluated a formulation (ReJeX-iT AG-36) of methyl anthranilate (MA) in aviary and field tests to assess its potential as an avian feeding deterrent for rice seed. In a feeding trial with an untreated commercial ration as the alternative food, MA suppressed (P < 0.05) rice consumption at 2.5% (g/g) but not at lower rates. With untreated rice as the alternative food, however, repellency occurred at 1.0% MA (P < 0.05). Controlled field trials showed that seed loss from plots having a 1.7% MA treatment averaged 27 and 34% compared with control plot losses of 52 and 73%. We conclude that MA has potential in the management of blackbird damage to rice, particularly if MA residues on rice seed can be prolonged. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Avery, M L AU - Decker, D G AU - Humphrey, J S AU - Aronov, E AU - Linscombe, S D AU - Way, MO AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. University Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 50 EP - 56 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - aquatic birds KW - methyl anthranilate KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - agriculture KW - Freshwater KW - rice fields KW - repellents KW - USA KW - pest control KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Methyl+anthranilate+as+a+rice+seed+treatment+to+deter+birds&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BDecker%2C+D+G%3BHumphrey%2C+J+S%3BAronov%2C+E%3BLinscombe%2C+S+D%3BWay%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; pest control; agriculture; rice fields; repellents; Agelaius phoeniceus; USA; USA, Louisiana; USA, Texas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A combined biological and enzymatic amplification (BIO-PCR) technique to detect Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in bean seed extracts AN - 16776758; 3741454 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, hereafter referred to as BIO-PCR, that combines biological and enzymatic amplification of PCR targets and simplified procedures for sample processing is described for the detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in bean seed extracts. Seeds are soaked overnight following standard protocols and aliquots of the extracts are plated onto a general agar medium. After 45-48 hr of incubation, the plates are washed with water to remove bacterial cells and aliquots of a pooled washing are subjected to two consecutive rounds of PCR, without prior DNA extraction, using "nested" pairs of primers designed to amplify a segment of the organism's tox (phaseolotoxin) gene region. Positive detection was reproducibly obtained at near-limit concentrations of the pathogen in the seed wash. Advantages of BIO-PCR over existing PCR techniques include the elimination of false positives resulting from the presence of dead cells that may be present in the seed, elimination of false negatives due to potential PCR inhibitors in seed extracts, increased sensitivity of detection, and no need for DNA extraction prior to amplification. Accordingly, BIO-PCR should prove useful for routine detection of other bacterial pathogens of quarantine importance. The primers detected some nontoxigenic strains of the pathogen, which evidently contain part of or the entire tox gene cluster. JF - Phytopathology AU - Schaad, N W AU - Cheong, S S AU - Tamaki, S AU - Hatziloukas, E AU - Panopoulos, N J AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res., Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 243 EP - 246 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vicia faba KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+combined+biological+and+enzymatic+amplification+%28BIO-PCR%29+technique+to+detect+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+phaseolicola+in+bean+seed+extracts&rft.au=Schaad%2C+N+W%3BCheong%2C+S+S%3BTamaki%2C+S%3BHatziloukas%2C+E%3BPanopoulos%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Schaad&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polymerase chain reaction; Vicia faba; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobility of atrazine from alginate controlled release formulations AN - 16776048; 3743979 AB - Controlled release (CR) formulations can significantly influence the fate of herbicides in the environment. The influence of alginate-encapsulated CR formulations on the mobility of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in two soil profiles was investigated. Two CR formulations were evaluated based on Na-alginate (1%), kaolin (10%) and Tween 20 (0.5%). The first formulation (CR-Oil) was prepared with linseed oil (4%) and the second formulation (CR-N) did not have oil. These formulations were compared to technical grade (TG) atrazine and to a commercial liquid (CL) formulation (Aatrex 4L). Formulations labeled with super(14)C were applied to packed soil columns containing a surface and a subsoil horizon. The columns were then leached with 3-cm of 0.01 M CaCl sub(2) per day at a rate of 1.5 cm hr super(-1) for a period of ten days. At the termination of the experiment the columns were sectioned in 5-cm increments and extracted with MeOH. Leachate samples and extracts were analyzed by liquid scintillation (LS) techniques. The leaching potential of atrazine decreased with the CR formulations. For the CL treatment, the total amounts of super(14)C leached were 83 and 129% for the Ochlocknee and Evesboro soils, respectively. This is compared to 57 and 94% for the TG treatment. The CR-Oil leached 9.8 and 19% of the applied super(14)C, compared to 3 and 9% for the CRF-N formulation. Averaged across soils the ranking of formulations, in terms of percent super(14)C leached was: CL (106%) > TG (76%) > CRF-Oil (14%) > CRF-N (6%). CR formulations also increased the amount of super(14)C and parent atrazine retained in the soil surface horizon (58-93%), compared to TG (4.7-5.6%) and CL (2.1-3.6%) treatments. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Johnson, R M AU - Pepperman, AB AD - USDA/ARS, SRRC, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 27 EP - 47 VL - B30 IS - 1 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - controlled release formulations KW - linseed oil KW - atrazine KW - soil profiles KW - carbon radioisotopes KW - water pollution effects KW - experimental data KW - agricultural chemicals KW - soil columns KW - soil horizons KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - groundwater KW - water pollution KW - herbicides KW - soil contamination KW - leaching KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Mobility+of+atrazine+from+alginate+controlled+release+formulations&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+M%3BPepperman%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=B30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; leaching; carbon radioisotopes; water quality; water pollution effects; experimental data; agricultural chemicals; groundwater; soil columns; soil horizons; contamination; atrazine; soil contamination; water pollution; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pheromonal mediation of alarm in the eastern yellowjacket (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) AN - 16775546; 3735336 AB - Eastern yellowjacket, Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), workers exhibited alarm responses to a target sphere treated with an extract of conspecific workers or an extract of the wasp sting apparatus. Workers of Vespula squamosa also responded to extracts of the sting apparatus of Vespula maculifrons, indicating some cross reactivity of their alarm pheromones. N-3-methylbutylacetamide, a known alarm pheromone of the southern yellowjacket, Vespula squamosa (Drury), was found in the extract of the eastern yellowjacket venom sac and also elicited alarm in worker V. maculifrons, although only when presented at an unnaturally high dose. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Landolt, P J AU - Heath, R R AU - Reed, H C AU - Manning, K AD - Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - Vespidae KW - defensive behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - Vespula maculifrons KW - alarm pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16775546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Pheromonal+mediation+of+alarm+in+the+eastern+yellowjacket+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Vespidae%29&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BReed%2C+H+C%3BManning%2C+K&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vespula maculifrons; Hymenoptera; Vespidae; USA, Florida; alarm pheromone; defensive behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive biology of the Rio Grande chub, Gila pandora (Teleostomi: Cypriniformes), in a montane stream, New Mexico AN - 16770905; 3735657 AB - The Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) was encountered in large numbers during research on grazing effects on stream habitat and biota in an upper elevation (> 2,500 m) montane stream (Rio de las Vacas) in northern New Mexico (Rinne, 1988). Because ecological and life history information on the species is sparse, specimens of chub were retained and preserved during 1985 to 1987 to define selected aspects of its reproductive biology. The purpose of this paper is 1) to report the results of analyses of these data and 2) compare it to similar data for congeners. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Rinne, J N AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mtn. Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Southwest Forest Sci. Complex, 2500 S. Pineknoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 107 EP - 110 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - coloration KW - montane environments KW - reproductive behavior KW - reproductive cycle KW - reproductive status KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Gila pandora KW - life history KW - Freshwater KW - mountains KW - gonads KW - life cycle KW - ecological distribution KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Y 25425:Fish KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16770905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Reproductive+biology+of+the+Rio+Grande+chub%2C+Gila+pandora+%28Teleostomi%3A+Cypriniformes%29%2C+in+a+montane+stream%2C+New+Mexico&rft.au=Rinne%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Rinne&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mountains; life cycle; gonads; ecological distribution; life history; reproductive cycle; reproductive behavior; montane environments; coloration; reproductive status; Gila pandora; USA, New Mexico; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of female cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to males in the field AN - 16769307; 3733574 AB - Live male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), used to bait traps in cotton fields, attracted conspecific males and females which were captured in the bucket traps. Females captured in traps baited with males included unmated individuals as well as mated ones, with up to 7 spermatophores in the bursa copulatrix. Cabbage looper moths arrived at cages of males in cotton primarily during the first three hours of the night, beginning at dusk. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Landolt, P J AD - USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 96 EP - 100 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - Lepidoptera KW - pheromone traps KW - Noctuidae KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16769307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+female+cabbage+looper+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+to+males+in+the+field&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoplusia ni; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; USA, Florida; pheromone traps; sex pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gonad-specific virus of corn earworm AN - 16768330; 3729154 AB - Two closely related species of moths, the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, in the United States, and the legume pod borer/cotton bollworm H. armigera, in Asia, Africa and parts of Europe, constitute major pests of several field crops. In a colony of H. zea, maintained at Stoneville, Mississippi, we observed atrophy of the reproductive system in 20-55% of adults (mean 35% over seven generations), with no mating observed among such adults. Here we report the discovery of a previously undescribed virus associated with these agonadal (AG) moths. Ultrastructural studies have shown that the virus is confined to the reproductive system; therefore we designate it a gonad-specific virus (GSV). Normal-looking females among the GSV-infected progeny do carry the virus. It is therefore feasible that GSV could be introduced into the natural population of H. zea by infecting newly emerged females with a very low titre of the virus and releasing these females into the field. JF - Nature AU - Raina, A K AU - Adams, J R AD - Insect Neurobiol. and Horm. Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 770 VL - 374 IS - 6525 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - gonad-specific virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - biological control KW - gonads KW - pest control KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Gonad-specific+virus+of+corn+earworm&rft.au=Raina%2C+A+K%3BAdams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=374&rft.issue=6525&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pest control; gonads; Helicoverpa zea; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting methyl chloride emissions from forest biomass combustion AN - 16768288; 3728018 AB - Chloromethane (CH sub(3)Cl or methyl chloride) is a trace gas in the atmosphere that is a characteristic emission of vegetative biomass burning. Measurements of chloromethane emissions from laboratory-scale fires in forest fuels show that CH sub(3)Cl emission factors vary considerably between flaming and smoldering combustion. Regression analysis indicates that CH sub(3)Cl emission factors can be predicted from three fire and fuel parameters: combustion efficiency, rate of heat release, and fuel chloride content. The percentage of chlorine in the fine particle emissions from burning forest fuels also varies with combustion conditions. A combustion reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the observed variation in chlorinated emissions. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Reinhardt, TE AU - Ward, DE AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 825 EP - 832 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - methyl chloride KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - emission measurements KW - biomass KW - combustion KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+methyl+chloride+emissions+from+forest+biomass+combustion&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+TE%3BWard%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; biomass; combustion; emission measurements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vascular puncture of maize kernels for the mechanical transmission of maize white line mosaic virus and other viruses of maize AN - 16768245; 3740646 AB - Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV) was efficiently transmitted (>90%) by a vascular puncture method with insect pins to maize kernels without causing teratogenic or lethal injuries to the developing seedlings. The pins, soldered to a 10-gauge copper wire, were used to puncture vascular tissues of maize kernels. The copper wire and pins were mounted in an engraving tool for machine-assisted inoculation. Effects of preinoculation soaking of kernels in water; postinoculation moisture regimes; the size, number, and configuration of pins; and the site and frequency of inoculation on rates of transmission were evaluated. Transmission rates of MWLMV were highest (average 32%) when the preinoculation soaking of kernels was done at 4 C. In contrast, transmission rates were significantly reduced when the preinoculation soaking of kernels was done at 30 C. The average rates of transmission to inoculated kernels incubated at 30 C on paper towels moistened with either 50 or 150 ml of water in a 2-L Pyrex dish for 24 h or directly planted into soil were 42, 20, and 11% (P > 0.003; LSD = 14.5%), respectively. Inoculations near the side of the embryo averaged 58% transmission whereas inoculations near the tip of the plumule averaged 33% transmission (P > 0.0001). Subjecting kernels to one, two, or three preinoculation soak (24-h) and dry (20- to 24-h) cycles or a 4- or 20-h preinoculation soak period resulted in transmission rates of 95, 90, 87, 80, and 14% (P > 0.0001), respectively. The optimum conditions for MWLMV transmission were 1) the use of a machine-assisted inoculator with minuten pins positioned like the tines of a fork, 2) preinoculation soaking of the kernels at 21 C for 4 h, 3) inoculation of kernels near the side of an embryo, and 4) incubation of kernels at 30 C postinoculation for 24 h on paper towels moistened with 50 ml of water. The ranges of transmission rates with this protocol for the following maize viruses were maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus, 1-34%; maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus (strain A), 41-82%; maize mosaic rhabdovirus, 1-19%; maize rayado fino marafivirus, 1-25%; maize rough dwarf fijivirus (maize Rio Cuarto disease), 1%; maize streak geminivirus, 1-5%; maize subtle mosaic virus, 12-48%; and wheat streak mosaic potyvirus, 3-55%. JF - Phytopathology AU - Louie, R AD - USDA/ARS, Corn and Soybean Res. Unit, Dep. Plant Pathol., Ohio State Univ. (OSU), Wooster OH 44691, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 139 EP - 143 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - maize white line mosaic virus KW - Zea mays KW - viruses KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Vascular+puncture+of+maize+kernels+for+the+mechanical+transmission+of+maize+white+line+mosaic+virus+and+other+viruses+of+maize&rft.au=Louie%2C+R&rft.aulast=Louie&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - maize white line mosaic virus; Zea mays; viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental infection of calves and adult cattle with Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 16767351; 3737286 AB - Preweaned calves and adult cattle were inoculated with 10 super(10) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 3081, a calf isolate which produces Shiga-like toxin, to define the magnitude and duration of fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 for each age group. Fecal samples of eight of eight, eight of eight, three of eight, and two of eight calves were positive at 2, 7, 14, and 20 weeks, respectively. In contrast, nine of nine, two of nine, and one of nine steers were positive at 2, 7, and 14 weeks, respectively. The magnitude of shedding (CFU per gram) by individual animals at any one time postinoculation varied widely within each age group but was greater for calves as a group. The differences in shedding patterns between adults and calves were statistically significant. After inoculation, 25 of 29 animals remained healthy and 4 of 17 calves had transient diarrhea. Histologic sections of the brain, kidney, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon taken at necropsy from nine calves either 3, 14, or 18 days postinoculation or three adults either 2, 3, or 4 days postinoculation were normal. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from the alimentary tracts of all of the animals necropsied, and there was no evidence of spread to the liver, spleen, or kidneys. Four calves that had ceased shedding were reinfected when inoculated again with the same strain. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from none of five and two of five adults inoculated with 10 super(4) and 10 super(7) CFU, respectively. If one assumes that the E. coli strain and cattle used in this study are representative of the larger populations encountered in the field, then these observations suggest the following conclusions. (i) Fecal shedding of toxigenic E. coli O157:H7 varies widely among animals of the same age group but persists longer in calves than in adults. (ii) E. coli O157:H7 does not spread from the alimentary tract to other organs. (iii) Previous infection does not prevent reinfection by the same strain of E. coli O157:H7. (iv) The infectious dose of in vitro-grown E. coli O157:H7 for normal adult cattle is high (>10 super(4) and probably greater than or equal to 10 super(7) CFU). (v) Most cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 remain clinically normal. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Moon, H W AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, USDA/ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1586 EP - 1590 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease spread KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16767351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Experimental+infection+of+calves+and+adult+cattle+with+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Cray%2C+WC+Jr%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Cray&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; disease spread ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in structure, chemistry, and biodegradability of grass lignocellulose treated with the white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyathus stercoreus AN - 16766765; 3737287 AB - The white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP-90031-sp and Cyathus stercoreus ATCC 36910 were evaluated for their ability to delignify Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) stems and improve biodegradability. Compositional and structural alterations in plant cell walls effected by the fungi were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography of alkali-treated residues, microspectrophotometry, and electron microscopy. Contaminating bacteria and fungi, which grew from unsterilized Bermuda grass stems, did not alter the improvement in grass biodegradability by either of the fungi from that of gas-sterilized stems. The biodegradation of stems by ruminal microorganisms, after treatment for 6 weeks with C. subvermispora or C. stercoreus, was improved by 29 to 32% and by 63 to 77%, respectively; dry weight losses caused by pretreatment with the fungi were about 20% over that in untreated, control stems. Both fungi preferentially removed aromatics to carbohydrates, and C. subvermispora removed proportionately more guaiacyl units than did C. stercoreus. Substantial amounts of ester-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids were removed by both fungi, and about 23 and 41% of total aromatics (determined after 4 M NaOH direct treatment) were removed from the plant biomass after incubation with C. subvermispora and C. stercoreus, respectively. UV absorption microspectrophotometry indicated that ester-linked phenolic acids were totally removed from the parenchyma cell walls, and these cells were readily and completely degraded by both fungi. However, aromatic constituents were only partially removed from the more recalcitrant sclerenchyma cell walls, resulting in variation in electron density and random digestion pits after incubation with fiber-degrading bacteria. These fungi varied in their potential to delignify various types of plant cell walls. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Akin, DE AU - Rigsby, L L AU - Sethuraman, A AU - Morrison, WH III AU - Gamble, G R AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - Russell Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1591 EP - 1598 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cyathus stercoreus KW - lignocelluloses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - biodegradability KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16766765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+structure%2C+chemistry%2C+and+biodegradability+of+grass+lignocellulose+treated+with+the+white+rot+fungi+Ceriporiopsis+subvermispora+and+Cyathus+stercoreus&rft.au=Akin%2C+DE%3BRigsby%2C+L+L%3BSethuraman%2C+A%3BMorrison%2C+WH+III%3BGamble%2C+G+R%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradability; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Douglas-fir tussock moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough) on subalpine fir in northern Utah AN - 16765971; 3736548 AB - Douglas-fir tussock moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough) defoliation was detected by aerial survey on three areas of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest in 1990 and 1991. These are the first documented tussock moth outbreaks in Utah. Ground surveys revealed that subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa [Hook.] Nutt.) was heavily defoliated during the outbreak. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), though a minor component in the affected areas, had noticeably less defoliation and mortality. Adjacent stands of Douglas-fir had little or no visible tussock moth activity. Defoliation on subalpine fir was typically found evenly distributed throughout the crown rather than concentrated at the top. Ninety-four percent of subalpine fir with defoliation ratings of 90% or more were killed. Top-kill occurred on nearly one-half of subalpine firs defoliated 25-89%. Heavily defoliated trees tended to occur in pockets bounded by areas of light defoliation. After three consecutive years of defoliation, tussock moth populations collapsed. No life stages were detected in 1993 from visual inspections of foliage or in pheromone traps. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Hansen, E M AD - USDA Forest Serv. Forest Pest Manage., 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, UT 84403, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 158 EP - 163 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Utah KW - pest outbreaks KW - Lepidoptera KW - defoliation KW - Lymantriidae KW - Orgyia pseudotsugata KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Douglas-fir+tussock+moth+%28Orgyia+pseudotsugata+McDunnough%29+on+subalpine+fir+in+northern+Utah&rft.au=Hansen%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Orgyia pseudotsugata; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Utah; pest outbreaks; defoliation; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contemporary groundwater methane production from Pleistocene carbon AN - 16765511; 3742375 AB - Relative to surface systems, microbial activities in groundwater have been poorly studied, especially with regard to methanogenesis. Past studies have reported high concentrations of CH sub(4) in groundwater in the late Wisconsinan till and Wisconsinan loess of central Iowa. The objectives of this work were to assess whether CH sub(4) is presently produced in the till and loess, and, if so, to characterize the spatial variability of CH sub(4) production rates. Groundwater and sediment samples were collected at several locations within the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa. Methane concentrations in groundwater ranged from 0.04 mu mol/L at 1 m to 2600 mu mol/L at 7 m. Incubations of deep sediment obtained from core samples revealed active CH sub(4) production was occurring, although high variability was observed. Highest specific CH sub(4) production rates were associated with buried particulate C fragments of Wisconsinan age. Results of our study indicate methanogenesis is an active process in the sediments beneath the Des Moines Lobe, that the substrate for methanogenesis is of late Wisconsinan age, and that the high spatial variability of CH sub(4) production is controlled by the heterogeneous distribution of particulate organic C fragments in the glacial sediments. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Parkin, T B AU - Simpkins, W W AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 367 EP - 372 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2415, 0047-2415 KW - methane KW - groundwater KW - carbon KW - glacial drift KW - ground water KW - aquatic microorganisms KW - methanogenesis KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - biogeochemistry KW - microorganisms KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01061:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Contemporary+groundwater+methane+production+from+Pleistocene+carbon&rft.au=Parkin%2C+T+B%3BSimpkins%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - methane; groundwater; carbon; microorganisms; glacial drift; biogeochemistry; methanogenesis; soil microorganisms; ground water; aquatic microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil and rhizosphere microorganism isolation and enumeration medium that inhibits Bacillus mycoides AN - 16764922; 3738210 AB - A new solid medium has been developed for the enumeration and isolation of soil and rhizosphere microorganisms. This medium, named rhizosphere isolation medium, contains glucose and 15 of the 20 common amino acids. The absence of five other amino acids, namely, aspartic acid, asparagine, cysteine, proline, and threonine, inhibits the growth of Bacillus mycoides, a commonly encountered bacterium that rapidly spreads on agar media and complicates the isolation and enumeration of other microorganisms. Compared with a similar medium containing Casamino Acids, rhizosphere isolation medium had half as many colonies of B. mycoides, with each colony approximately half the diameter. The two media had similar total numbers of bacterial colonies. Isolates were divided into taxononomic groups, roughly corresponding to species and genus, by fatty acid methyl ester analysis and numerical methods. There were 24 genera and 41 species found in the isolates from rhizosphere isolation medium, while 19 genera and 35 species were found in the isolates from the medium prepared with Casamino Acids. No major group of bacteria was found to occur only on one medium or on the other, indicating that the five missing amino acids had no great effect on organisms other than B. mycoides. This medium may prove useful in soil and rhizosphere studies in which the growth of B. mycoides is undesirable. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Buyer, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Build. 318, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1839 EP - 1842 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacillus mycoides KW - counting methods KW - media (isolation) KW - soil microorganisms KW - rhizosphere microorganisms KW - enumeration KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16764922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+soil+and+rhizosphere+microorganism+isolation+and+enumeration+medium+that+inhibits+Bacillus+mycoides&rft.au=Buyer%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Buyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus mycoides; enumeration; media (isolation); soil microorganisms; rhizosphere microorganisms; counting methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of defense by rhizobacteria against root disease AN - 16763940; 3731760 AB - Genetic resistance in plants to root diseases is rare, and agriculture depends instead on practices such as crop rotation and soil fumigation to control these diseases. "Induced suppression" is a natural phenomenon whereby a soil due to microbiological changes converts from conducive to suppressive to a soilborne pathogen during prolonged monoculture of the susceptible host. Our studies have focused on the wheat root disease "take-all," caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and the role of bacteria in the wheat rhizosphere (rhizobacteria) in a well-documented induced suppression (take-all decline) that occurs in response to the disease and continued monoculture of wheat. The results summarized herein show that antibiotic production plays a significant role in both plant defense by and ecological competence of rhizobacteria. Production of phenazine and phloroglucinol antibiotics, as examples, account for most of the natural defense provided by fluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from among the diversity of rhizobacteria associated with take-all decline. There appear to be at least three levels of regulation of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis: environmental sensing, global regulation that ties antibiotic production to cellular metabolism, and regulatory loci linked to genes for pathway enzymes. Plant defense by rhizobacteria producing antibiotics on roots and as cohabitants with pathogens in infected tissues is analogous to defense by the plant's production of phytoalexins, even to the extent that an enzyme of the same chalcone/stilbene synthase family used to produce phytoalexins is used to produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. The defense strategy favored by selection pressure imposed on plants by soilborne pathogens may well be the ability of plants to support and respond to rhizosphere microorganisms antagonistic to these pathogens. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Cook, R J AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Weller, D M AU - Fujimoto, D AU - Mazzola, M AU - Bangera, G AU - Kim, Dal-Soo AD - USDA-ARS, Root Dis. and Biol. Control Res., 367 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 4197 EP - 4201 VL - 92 IS - 10 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - antibiotics KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - take-all KW - Triticum KW - roots KW - Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici KW - plant diseases KW - gene regulation KW - rhizosphere microorganisms KW - Pseudomonas KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+defense+by+rhizobacteria+against+root+disease&rft.au=Cook%2C+R+J%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BFujimoto%2C+D%3BMazzola%2C+M%3BBangera%2C+G%3BKim%2C+Dal-Soo&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; take-all; roots; gene regulation; plant diseases; rhizosphere microorganisms; Triticum; Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergent computation and the modeling and management of ecological systems AN - 16762840; 3734282 AB - This paper introduces the emergent computational paradigm, discusses its applicability and potential in ecosystem management, and reviews the literature. Emergent computation is significantly different from the "classic" computational paradigm, where control is top-down and centralized. In emergent systems, overall system dynamics emerge from the local interactions of independent agents. In such systems, overall global control is minimized or eliminated altogether. Applications in ecosystem management include use of "artificial ecosystems" as surrogate experimental systems, and genetics-based machine learning systems to evolve management rule-sets for complex domains. Cellular automata, neural networks, genetic algorithms and classifier systems are discussed as examples of the emergent approach. Finally, an in-depth literature review of artificial ecosystems is provided. JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture AU - Olson, R L AU - Sequeira, R A AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 183 EP - 209 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1699, 0168-1699 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - ecosystem dynamics KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04099:Ecosystem studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Emergent+computation+and+the+modeling+and+management+of+ecological+systems&rft.au=Olson%2C+R+L%3BSequeira%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=01681699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; ecosystem dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tri6 encodes an unusual zinc finger protein involved in regulation of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium sporotrichioides AN - 16762484; 3733912 AB - In Fusarium sporotrichioides, several genes required for biosynthesis of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin are closely linked. Further characterization of this gene cluster has revealed a gene, Tri6, that specifies a 217-amino-acid protein with regions similar to Cys sub(2)His sub(2) zinc finger proteins. Temporal expression of Tri6 is similar to that of trichothecene biosynthetic pathway genes. Analysis of Tri6 transcripts indicated that transcription is initiated in two regions and that within each region there may be at least four initiation sites. Disruption of Tri6 resulted in a mutant that did not produce trichothecenes but that did accumulate low levels of the trichothecene precursor trichodiene. The Tri6 mutant was unable to convert six trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates to T-2 toxin, and transcription of two biosynthetic genes, Tri4 and Tri5, was greatly reduced in the mutant relative to the wild type. In addition, the product of Tri6 functioned as a transcriptional activator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when fused to the DNA binding region of GAL4. These results indicate that Tri6 encodes a protein involved in the transcriptional regulation of trichothecene biosynthetic genes in F. sporotrichioides. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1923 EP - 1930 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Tri6 gene KW - trichothecenes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - proteins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Tri6+encodes+an+unusual+zinc+finger+protein+involved+in+regulation+of+trichothecene+biosynthesis+in+Fusarium+sporotrichioides&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium sporotrichioides; proteins; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and leaching of crop nutrients from soil in tilted beds as influenced by three rates of dairy lagoon effluent AN - 16761115; 3728635 JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Davis, J G AU - Burgoa, B AD - Univ. Georgia and USDA-ARS, Coast. Plain Exper. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 243 EP - 264 VL - B30 IS - 2 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - dairies KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - manure KW - agricultural runoff KW - land disposal KW - effluents KW - phosphorus KW - nutrients KW - runoff KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16761115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+leaching+of+crop+nutrients+from+soil+in+tilted+beds+as+influenced+by+three+rates+of+dairy+lagoon+effluent&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+G%3BBurgoa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=B30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - runoff; leaching; nutrients; effluents; land disposal; manure; phosphorus; agricultural runoff; dairies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of delayed density dependence: Effects of autocorrelation in an exogenous factor AN - 16761034; 3731501 JF - Ecology AU - Williams, D W AU - Liebhold, AM AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 6775, Radnor, PA 19087-8775, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1005 EP - 1008 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - density dependence KW - population dynamics KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16761034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+delayed+density+dependence%3A+Effects+of+autocorrelation+in+an+exogenous+factor&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLiebhold%2C+AM&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - density dependence; population dynamics; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Valuation of non-priced amenities provided by the biological resources within the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve, Costa Rica AN - 16760788; 3734307 AB - To quantify the economic benefits of the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve and to test the contingent valuation method in a third world setting, a contingent valuation survey was designed with five experimental treatments. These determined an overall expected value per visitor; determined and compared two ways of eliciting value, single versus annual lump-sum payments; and compared average values of Costa Rica versus non-Costa Rican visitors. Visitors were willing to pay to prevent the Preserve's conversion to agricultural uses. Monteverde's value as a cloud forest preserve appears much higher than any value it might have in agricultural use. Despite lower incomes, Costa Rican visitors valued the Preserved more highly than non-Costa Rican visitors. Visitors may have differentiated only weakly between greatly differing bid amounts. Expected values derived from econometric analysis of the differing experimental treatments suggest that further methodological adaptation of the contingent valuation method may be required (1) when it is applied in third world settings, and (2) when precision is critical in estimating WTPs. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Echeverria, J AU - Hanrahan, M AU - Solorzano, R AD - LAC TECH-USDA, 2000 M St. NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 43 EP - 52 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - tropical environment KW - Costa Rica KW - economics KW - nature reserves KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Valuation+of+non-priced+amenities+provided+by+the+biological+resources+within+the+Monteverde+Cloud+Forest+Preserve%2C+Costa+Rica&rft.au=Echeverria%2C+J%3BHanrahan%2C+M%3BSolorzano%2C+R&rft.aulast=Echeverria&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costa Rica; tropical environment; forests; nature reserves; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water sensor feedback control system for surface irrigation AN - 16760559; 3730664 AB - A water sensor feedback control system was developed to control semiautomatic irrigation of basins and borders. When water reaches a sensor at a downfield irrigation cutoff point, a signal to terminate irrigation is sent via wire or infrared (IR) telemetry to a station controller or receiver at the upper end of the field. The sensor uses a monostable interface to strengthen the signal for wire transmission, and prevents continuous IR transmission during the time the sensor is immersed or remains wet. The water sensor controller, powered by a 12-V battery, uses a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) triggered by the feedback signal to discharge a capacitor through an electric solenoid. The energized solenoid actuates a gate release or valve to terminate irrigation of one field segment and begin irrigation of another. The water sensor system was tested in a level basin irrigation system. A sensor costs approximately U.S. $30, while single and dual station controllers cost about $65 to 80. Both can be portable to minimize the number of units required. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Humpherys, A S AU - Fisher, H D AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Soil and Water Manage. Research, Kimberly, ID, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 61 EP - 65 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - surface irrigation KW - control systems KW - sensors KW - agricultural practices KW - irrigation practices KW - automation KW - water management KW - economic aspects KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Water+sensor+feedback+control+system+for+surface+irrigation&rft.au=Humpherys%2C+A+S%3BFisher%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Humpherys&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sensors; control systems; surface irrigation; automation; irrigation practices; agricultural practices; water management; economic aspects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An emergent computational approach to the study of ecosystem dynamics AN - 16759540; 3731485 AB - Despite success in theory formulation and prediction of quantities and patterns in nature, traditional modeling approaches have not proven particularly valuable as "surrogate experimental systems" in applied ecology. Theoretical models, while useful as embodiments of ecological theory, are too simplistic to be effective surrogate systems. Although simulation models can represent systems of realistic complexity, they are limited by factors which arise from the way in which they are built. We propose an alternative paradigm for modeling biotic systems which promises to enhance their usefulness as surrogate experimental systems. This paradigm is based on the premise that dynamic behavior in biotic systems emerges from the low-level interactions of independent agents. It forms the basis for the new field of artificial life (ALife), which involves the study of life-like behavior in artificial systems. In an ALife model, the target biological system is modeled as a population of independent computer programs called machines. The complete behavioral repertoire of each individual, including its interaction with others, is specified within the entity itself. A spatially-referenced "environment" is provided within which the machines interact with each other and their local environment. There is no overall controlling program or agent. Thus, the overall behavior of the system emerges from local interactions between independent agents. In this paper, we examine the premises upon which ALife is based (including the concept of emergence) and discuss several examples of ALife models at ecological scales, which we call "artificial ecosystems". We next introduce LAGER, an environment for producing and running artificial ecosystems. Finally, we present PARE, a host/parasitoid dynamics model built in LAGER, and compare its behavior to two similar systems in the literature. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Olson, R L AU - Sequeira, R A AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 95 EP - 120 VL - 79 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - ecosystem dynamics KW - host-parasite interactions KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=An+emergent+computational+approach+to+the+study+of+ecosystem+dynamics&rft.au=Olson%2C+R+L%3BSequeira%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem dynamics; models; host-parasite interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating fluctuating water tables and tile drainage with a modified root zone water quality model and a new model WAFLOWM AN - 16759417; 3725757 AB - The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is presently undergoing extensive evaluation at several locations, especially in the Midwestern states participating in the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) projects, where it will be used for quantifying and analyzing effects of agricultural management systems on ground and surface water quality. Presently, the model does not simulate fluctuating water tables in the root zone and tile drainage conditions that occur in several parts of the Midwest. To study the effects on water quality under such conditions, we modified the water movement module (newly named RZWFLO) of RZWQM. To test the modified numerical scheme, we also simulated the above conditions with a new more rigorous numerical model (WAFLOWM) which contains an optimizing dynamic gridding scheme. Both models employed the recently proposed mass-conservative simulation technique for solving the one-dimensional soil water flow equation, but RZWFLO uses pressure head as the dependent variable, whereas WAFLOWM uses hydraulic head. The models also differed in the number and placement of numerical nodes, and in their approaches to the simulation of infiltration. The results from both models were evaluated against three years of field data from a site near Aurora, North Carolina, where water table depths were measured for three drainage spacings. Both models predicted water table depths which were comparable to those observed and those simulated by previous models within errors most likely caused by neglecting spatial variability of hydraulic properties and uncertainties in input data and parameters. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Johnsen, KE AU - Liu, H H AU - Dane, J H AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Workman AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains System Res. Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 75 EP - 83 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WAFLOWM KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - USA, North Carolina KW - water quality KW - water table KW - model studies KW - agricultural practices KW - infiltration KW - tile drainage KW - hydraulic properties KW - root zone KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Simulating+fluctuating+water+tables+and+tile+drainage+with+a+modified+root+zone+water+quality+model+and+a+new+model+WAFLOWM&rft.au=Johnsen%2C+KE%3BLiu%2C+H+H%3BDane%2C+J+H%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BWorkman&rft.aulast=Johnsen&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; water table; water quality; tile drainage; root zone; agricultural practices; soil water; infiltration; hydraulic properties; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiautomation of irrigated basins and borders: III. Control elements and system operation AN - 16759374; 3732308 AB - Irrigation application duration is an important factor influencing surface irrigation efficiency. Most methods of semiautomatic timing and control use mechanical timers for (1) direct gate release by the timer, and (2) timers designed for use with electrical components such as solenoid or electric motor-actuated releases. A trip-cord gate release system and water sensors were also used to semiautomate irrigation. The trip-cord system uses the energy of an opening or closing gate to either open or close gates in the operating sequence. Semiautomatic gates, described in articles I and II of this series, and their associated controls were tested on a basin and three border irrigation systems on two farms during a five-year period. The semiautomatic controls provided operator convenience and reduced water and labor use. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Humpherys, A S AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res., Kimberly, ID, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 83 EP - 91 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - control systems KW - water conservation KW - irrigation practices KW - automation KW - agriculture KW - timing KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Semiautomation+of+irrigated+basins+and+borders%3A+III.+Control+elements+and+system+operation&rft.au=Humpherys%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Humpherys&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automation; control systems; irrigation practices; timing; agriculture; water use; water conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiautomation of irrigated basins and borders: I. Single-function turnout gates AN - 16758830; 3732303 AB - Two types of single-function, drop-closed gates for semiautomating irrigated basin and border systems are described. Gate design, construction, and operational information are presented. Gates for both rectangular and pipe turnout openings were tested and evaluated in a 24 ha (60 acre) near-level basin system. Gates for pipe turnouts were also tested in a 10 ha (25 acre) border system. The gates provide greater operator convenience, and in the border system, even on a manual basis, increased water storage efficiency and reduced irrigation set time and labor. Systems and devices for controlling the gates are presented in another article. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Humpherys, A S AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res., Kimberly, ID, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 67 EP - 74 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - irrigation practices KW - hydraulic equipment KW - automation KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - drainage ditches KW - gates KW - engineering KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16758830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Semiautomation+of+irrigated+basins+and+borders%3A+I.+Single-function+turnout+gates&rft.au=Humpherys%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Humpherys&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automation; irrigation practices; gates; hydraulic equipment; drainage ditches; agriculture; engineering; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasonic immersion testing of a compacted soil AN - 16754819; 3725761 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using ultrasonic immersion testing as a simple procedure to identify and quantify the effects of immersion on a compacted soil. Preliminary tests were made on a soil compacted at various moisture contents. The soil surface and the ultrasonic probe were both immersed in water and separated from one another by a fixed vertical distance. The transmitted signal (pulse) and the received signal (echo) were monitored for changes with time using an oscilloscope. The results demonstrated that ultrasonic testing of the soil may be used to give an indication of the soil surface swell due to soil compaction. The magnitude of soil swell was observed to increase as the compaction moisture content decreased with the exception of the sample compacted at a moisture content of 2%. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AD - Hydraul. Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. Water Conserv. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 109 EP - 112 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - oscilloscope KW - soil swell KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil mechanics KW - soil tests KW - ultrasonics KW - compacted soils KW - testing procedures KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16754819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+immersion+testing+of+a+compacted+soil&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - compacted soils; soil tests; soil mechanics; ultrasonics; soil water; testing procedures ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Steinernema riobravis (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on the control of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn AN - 16750550; 3726717 AB - The efficacy of using an endemic entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston, to suppress prepupal and pupal populations of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in the soil was evaluated. The optimum timing of nematode soil application in relation to larval exit from the corn ear, the effects of nematode concentration, introduction method, and persistence on control of corn earworm were determined. Better parasitism resulted when S. riobravis infective juveniles were applied on the subsurface + surface (81%) than when they were applied on the soil surface alone (45%), in the greenhouse. Striking results were obtained with 2 billion nematodes per ha applied when 10% of the corn earworms had exited the ear to pupate or when 50% of the corn earworms had developed to large larvae. This resulted in 95 and 100% parasitism, respectively. A low rate of parasitism (22%) was observed in plots that received nematodes when 40% of the corn earworm had developed to medium size larvae. Parasitism in all plots that received nematodes was higher than the 11% natural parasitism observed in control plots. S. riobravis persisted (22%) in this sandy clay loam soil during the 75-d period field evaluations. These findings show the potential of using S. riobravis for soil application in source areas where the corn acts as nursery crop to suppress the build-up of corn earworm adult populations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Cabanillas, HE AU - Raulston, J R AD - Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 58 EP - 64 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Steinernema riobravis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Zea mays KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16750550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Steinernema+riobravis+%28Rhabditida%3A+Steinernematidae%29+on+the+control+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+in+corn&rft.au=Cabanillas%2C+HE%3BRaulston%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Cabanillas&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Zea mays; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of Bacillus thuringiensis and other spore-forming bacteria with calf-hutch bedding AN - 16746820; 3727550 AB - Acetate selection and biochemical tests were used to characterize the gram positive, spore-forming bacteria associated with samples of straw and sawdust used as bedding in outdoor calf hutches. Bedding samples were collected from 25 calf-occupied hutches during 6-wk periods. More than 7,100 isolates representing Bacillus thuringiensis (4,616), Bacillus sphaericus (1,390), and Bacillus megaterium (1,182) were recovered. Fourteen biochemical types of B. thuringiensis were identified; these included galleriae, kurstaki, thuringiensis, israelensis, sotto, darmstadiensis, tenebrionis/morrisoni, dendrolimus, and indiana. Of these, tenebrionis/morrisoni and israelensis were associated most often with tulip poplar and maple sawdusts, respectively. Tulip poplar sawdust supported more diverse B. thuringiensis biochemical types than other types of sawdust or straw. B. thuringiensis were prevalent in calf-hutch bedding throughout 6-wk periods. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Watson, D W AU - Schmidtmann, E T AU - Martin, PAW AD - Livestock Insects Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 99 EP - 104 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - bedding KW - Musca domestica KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Association+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+and+other+spore-forming+bacteria+with+calf-hutch+bedding&rft.au=Watson%2C+D+W%3BSchmidtmann%2C+E+T%3BMartin%2C+PAW&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedding; biological control; Musca domestica; Bacillus thuringiensis; Muscidae; Diptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operational forecasting with real-time databases AN - 16745547; 3724986 AB - An integrated hydrometeorological system for flow forecasting has been designed and implemented for real-time use in an operational environment at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District, Illinois. The system operates routinely with data collected by real-time data-collection platforms and stored in a real-time database. Forecasts are based on coupled hydrological and meteorological models, and a state estimator that updates system states in real time using all current data. Five soil-water models are used to estimate rainfall abstractions: a generic API model, the modified Sacramento soil moisture accounting model, and three soil-water options in the HEC-1 model. Initial sensitivity analysis of the short-term system forecasts with respect to the soil-water model and the state-updating components indicates robust system behavior in short-term real-time flow prediction. In addition, sensitivity analysis shows that when updating is performed using all available operational data, the differences in results among soil-water models are small. Thus, selection of a soil-water model to estimate hydrologic abstractions may be based on user familiarity with a certain model and the estimation of its parameters. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Bae, Deg-Hyo AU - Georgakakos, K P AU - Nanda, S K AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 121 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - databases KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - model studies KW - hydrometeorology KW - USA, Illinois KW - conservation KW - sensitivity analysis KW - forecasting KW - data collections KW - flow KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Operational+forecasting+with+real-time+databases&rft.au=Bae%2C+Deg-Hyo%3BGeorgakakos%2C+K+P%3BNanda%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Bae&rft.aufirst=Deg-Hyo&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forecasting; hydrometeorology; flow; data collections; model studies; soil water; sensitivity analysis; conservation; USA, Illinois ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficient creation of sequencing libraries from blunt-ended restriction enzyme fragments AN - 16745184; 3725228 JF - Biotechniques AU - Hassard, S AU - Ward, G AD - USDA/ARS/NAA/PIADC, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 396 EP - 398 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0736-6205, 0736-6205 KW - deoxyribonuclease KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - nucleotide sequence KW - data bases KW - DNA KW - ligation KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33250:Methods: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechniques&rft.atitle=Efficient+creation+of+sequencing+libraries+from+blunt-ended+restriction+enzyme+fragments&rft.au=Hassard%2C+S%3BWard%2C+G&rft.aulast=Hassard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechniques&rft.issn=07366205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; DNA; data bases; ligation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intermating compatibility between North American Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Russia AN - 16745141; 3726727 AB - Inbred crosses through three generations and reciprocal backcrosses through five generations using Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) from Stoneville, MS, and H. armigera (Boddie) from Tashkent, Russia, were studied for backcross sterility. A high percentage of mated females reproducing indicated a high degree of genetic compatibility between the two species. No indication of backcross sterility was detected in these studies. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Laster, M L AU - Hardee, D D AD - South. Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 77 EP - 80 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - hybridization KW - Heliothis armigera KW - sterility KW - Russia KW - reproductive isolation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05218:Hybrids & intersexes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intermating+compatibility+between+North+American+Helicoverpa+zea+and+Heliothis+armigera+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+from+Russia&rft.au=Laster%2C+M+L%3BHardee%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Laster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis armigera; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Russia; reproductive isolation; hybridization; sterility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic differentiation in carbon isotope discrimination and gas exchange in Pseudotsuga menziesii. A common-garden experiment AN - 16743911; 3721658 AB - All gas exchange data presented in Table 1 should be replaced by the four columns in the following table. The original figures are correct except for plot A/g against altitude in Fig. 3d, which should have the stronger trend (r sub(A/g, Alt)=-0.68, P=0.0002) than the original plot. Finally, the correlation coefficients between A/g and height or diameter in Table 3 were incorrect; they should read r sub(A/g, Height)=0.56, P=0.0039 and r sub(A/g, Diameter)=0.58, P=0.0026. Our conclusions are unchanged. We apologize for any confusion caused by these mistakes. JF - Oecologia AU - Zhang, Jianwei AU - Marshall, J D AU - Jaquish, B C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Cent. Semiarid Agrofor., East Campus-UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0822, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 132 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - carbon KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - isotopes KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - genetic factors KW - gas exchange KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Genetic+differentiation+in+carbon+isotope+discrimination+and+gas+exchange+in+Pseudotsuga+menziesii.+A+common-garden+experiment&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jianwei%3BMarshall%2C+J+D%3BJaquish%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jianwei&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; gas exchange; genetic factors; isotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental and analytical protocol for ignitability of common materials AN - 16740722; 3722164 AB - In this study, a protocol was developed to increase accuracy, generality and efficiency when determining piloted ignition properties. A new procedure for calibrating the radiative and convective heat flux profiles on exposed specimens, such as Douglas-fir plywood, has been implemented for the lateral ignition and flame spread test (LIFT) apparatus. The boundary conditions needed for heat transfer analysis are made unambiguous by including a simple, direct measure of surface emissivity. A new aluminum foil shutter improves accuracy for measuring ignition time. A recently developed theory of ignitability provides a formula to account for the transition from thick to thin thermal behavior, allowing specimens of finite thicknesses and a full range of test irradiances. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Dietenberger, MA AD - USDA For. Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0308-0501, 0308-0501 KW - ignition KW - calibration KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - wood KW - fires KW - materials testing KW - pyrolysis KW - measuring methods KW - flammability KW - H SE8.23:FIRE IGNITION AND PROPAGATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Experimental+and+analytical+protocol+for+ignitability+of+common+materials&rft.au=Dietenberger%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Dietenberger&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=03080501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fires; flammability; wood; pyrolysis; measuring methods; materials testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host specificity of several Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) parasites of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America AN - 16738171; 3716841 AB - We tested the host specificity of several parasitic Pseudacteon scuttle flies in South America with 23 species of ants in 13 genera. None of these ant species attracted Pseudacteon parasites except Solenopsis saevissima (F. Smith) and to a lesser extent Solenopsis geminata (Fab.). This result is encouraging because it indicates that the Pseudacteon flies tested in this study would not pose an ecological danger to other ant genera if these flies were introduced into the United States as classical biological control agents of imported fire ants. This prediction of host specificity will, of course, need to be validated with potential hosts in the United States before these flies can be released. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Porter, S D AU - Fowler, H G AU - Campiolo, S AU - Pesquero, MA AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 70 EP - 75 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pseudacteon KW - biological control KW - parasites KW - Formicidae KW - South America KW - Phoridae KW - host specificity KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16738171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Host+specificity+of+several+Pseudacteon+%28Diptera%3A+Phoridae%29+parasites+of+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+in+South+America&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BFowler%2C+H+G%3BCampiolo%2C+S%3BPesquero%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudacteon; Diptera; Phoridae; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; South America; host specificity; parasites; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicultural wildland users: A growing communication challenge AN - 16737103; 3716594 AB - Natural resource managers who manage wildland areas adjacent to large metropolitan centers must communicate with publics that have not been clearly identified and to whom it is difficult to convey information about wildlands and their use. Historically, resource professionals have been reluctantly involved with "traditional" users of wildlands, that is, with well-educated, high-income Anglos who used wildland areas for activities such as camping, hiking, fishing, hunting, and sightseeing. Recently, scientists have begun to identify some of the multicultural recreationists who are using wildlands in growing numbers. Scientists are learning about the new visitors, their recreational preferences, the types of activities they may desire in the future, how their activities and preferences differ from those of traditional users, and how to communicate effectively with them. Establishing effective communication is particularly important, because the new users may not speak English, may not be well educated, and may have cultural values toward resource use that differ from those of traditional users and managers. Several reasons are offered as to why communication has been ineffective, and some solutions are offered for improving the quality and types of communication between the users and managers. JF - Environmental Professional AU - Magill, A W AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Sta., USDA For. Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507-6099, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 51 EP - 54 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0191-5398, 0191-5398 KW - natural resources KW - communications KW - public information KW - environmental perception KW - urban environments KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - land use KW - resource management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Professional&rft.atitle=Multicultural+wildland+users%3A+A+growing+communication+challenge&rft.au=Magill%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Professional&rft.issn=01915398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - natural resources; resource management; land use; communications; public information; environmental perception; urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Dey and Engley (D/E) neutralizing medium to Letheen medium and standard methods medium for recovery of Staphylococcus aureus from sanitized surfaces AN - 16737088; 3716929 AB - The ability of Dey and Engley (D/E) Neutralizing Medium to recover Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 from tile surfaces exposed to a commercial phenol (Mikro-Bac) and a quaternary ammonium compound (Mikro-Quat) was compared to recovery with Letheen Medium. Standard Methods Medium was used as a control recovery medium. Organisms were exposed to both antimicrobials for varying time periods, then were recovered by swab and Rodac plate on both test media. The recovery by either procedure was significantly higher with Dey and Engley (D/E) Neutralizing Medium than with Letheen and Standard Methods Medium. The D/E Medium shows promise for evaluating antimicrobial chemicals used in environmental sanitation. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Dey, B P AU - Engley, FB Jr AD - USDA, Food Saf. Inspect. Serv., Microbiol. Div., Build. 322, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 21 EP - 25 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - phenols KW - quaternary ammonium compounds KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - sanitation KW - media (isolation) KW - disinfectants KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - fomites KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Dey+and+Engley+%28D%2FE%29+neutralizing+medium+to+Letheen+medium+and+standard+methods+medium+for+recovery+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+from+sanitized+surfaces&rft.au=Dey%2C+B+P%3BEngley%2C+FB+Jr&rft.aulast=Dey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; media (isolation); sanitation; fomites; disinfectants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method for composting grass seed straw residue AN - 16736702; 3718353 AB - Long and short straw from grass seed production fields were collected, formed into windrows, and turned with a commercial compost turner zero, two, four, or six times over a nine-month period. Internal temperature and volume reduction of windrows were monitored weekly from October 1992, to June 1993. Volume was reduced by as much as 88% for long-straw windrows and 80% for short-straw windrows. Near-maximum volume reductions were achieved with as few as four turns for the short straw and two turns for the long straw. Number of turns had a significant effect on the rate of volume reduction. Four or more turns were necessary to produce a compost product with a soil-like texture. Temperatures necessary to kill all seed contained in the compost were not achieved and use of the compost should be limited to situations where crop and weed seedlings are not a concern. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Churchill, D B AU - Bilsland, D M AU - Elliott, L F AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 275 EP - 279 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Lollium perenne KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - residues KW - odors KW - agriculture KW - composting KW - seedlings KW - temperature KW - grasses KW - research programs KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16736702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Method+for+composting+grass+seed+straw+residue&rft.au=Churchill%2C+D+B%3BBilsland%2C+D+M%3BElliott%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - composting; residues; agriculture; temperature; grasses; seedlings; odors; research programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field tests of the size-fitness hypothesis in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum AN - 16735428; 3714746 AB - The hypothesis that fitness following dispersal from the natal host increases with body size was tested under field conditions in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. In one experiment, size distributions of males and females at emergence were compared to those of males successful in locating mates and females successful in locating hosts. Mate and host location success increased with size in smaller parasitoids but were constant with respect to size in larger parasitoids. Selection intensities were 3.5-5.4 times greater in males than females, possibly reflecting the small contribution of postdispersal matings to total male fitness in this partially sibmating species. In a second experiment using field releases of genetically marked lines, the number of trap hosts parasitized by "large" females reared from Helicoverpa zea eggs and "small" females reared from Sitotroga cerealella eggs was compared. Large females parasitized more hosts than small females in one trial but the reverse was observed in a second trial. Acceptance and suitability of the trap host species were not influenced by marker line or rearing host. We hypothesize that a genotype-environment interaction based on host age, host species, and wasp genotype accounts for the heterogenous results of the second experiment. Our main conclusion is that average postdispersal fitness of adult T. pretiosum increases with size in smaller wasps and is constant with respect to size in larger wasps. Contrary to general expectation, average wasp fitness does not increase linearly with size. Most importantly, wasp size is not a reliable predictor of individual or average cohort fitness; consistent size-fitness relationships emerge only when fitness is averaged over many genotypes and environments. Systematic factors such as host age and wasp genotype can have a strong influence on wasp fitness without strongly affecting size. The implications of these results for progeny and sex allocation in Trichogramma and for the mass production of parasitoids in biological control programs are discussed. JF - Ecology AU - Kazmer, D J AU - Luck, R F AD - Beneficial Insects Introduction Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 412 EP - 425 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Trichogrammatidae KW - body size KW - parasitoids KW - genotype-environment interactions KW - eggs KW - Trichogramma pretiosum KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Field+tests+of+the+size-fitness+hypothesis+in+the+egg+parasitoid+Trichogramma+pretiosum&rft.au=Kazmer%2C+D+J%3BLuck%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Kazmer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichogramma pretiosum; Hymenoptera; Trichogrammatidae; parasitoids; eggs; body size; genotype-environment interactions ER - TY - CONF T1 - Biological invasions: Stemming the tide in Florida AN - 16734755; 3716830 AB - Invasive, adventive species present a significant challenge to environmental resource managers. Unless this problem is addressed, natural areas face loss of biodiversity and habitat integrity. Traditional control methods are often inappropriate or impractical for use in natural areas. Strategies using biological control, a discipline of applied ecology, offer the best hope for reducing deleterious impacts of invaders. Arguments by some ecologists that classical biological controls contribute to the problem appear unwarranted. These criticisms should not be dismissed out of hand, however. Instead, they should foster in biocontrol scientists a renewed dedication to the safe practice of their discipline and an increased concern for collateral impacts of released organisms on native species. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Center, T D AU - Frank, J H AU - Dray, FA Jr Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 45 EP - 55 VL - 78 IS - 1 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - control programs KW - USA, Florida KW - introduced species KW - invasions KW - Insecta KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Biological+invasions%3A+Stemming+the+tide+in+Florida&rft.au=Center%2C+T+D%3BFrank%2C+J+H%3BDray%2C+FA+Jr&rft.aulast=Center&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest defoliators and climatic change: Potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) AN - 16734481; 3713666 AB - Changes in geographical ranges and spatial extent of outbreaks of pest species are likely consequences of climatic change. We investigated potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in Oregon and Pennsylvania, respectively, using maps of historical defoliation, climate, and forest type in a geographic information system. Maps of defoliation frequency at a resolution of 2 x 2 km were assembled from historical aerial survey data. Weather maps for mean monthly temperature maxima and minima and precipitation over 30 yr were developed by interpolation. Relationships between defoliation status and environmental variables were estimated using linear discriminant analysis. Five climatic change scenarios were investigated: an increase of 2 degree C, a 2 degree C increase with a small increase and a small decrease in precipitation, and projections of two general circulation models (GCMs) after 100 yr at doubled carbon dioxide. With an increase in temperature alone, the projected defoliated area decreased relative to ambient conditions for budworm and increased slightly for gypsy moth. With an increase in temperature and precipitation, defoliated area increased for both species. Conversely, defoliated area decreased for both when temperature increased and precipitation decreased. Results for the GCM scenarios contrasted sharply. For one GCM, defoliation by budworm was projected to cover Oregon completely, whereas no defoliation was projected by gypsy moth in Pennsylvania. For the other, defoliation disappeared completely for budworm and slightly exceeded that under ambient conditions for gypsy moth. The results are discussed in terms of current forest composition and its potential changes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Williams, D W AU - Liebhold, AM AD - Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 5 Radnor Corporate Cent., Suite 200, P.O. Box 6775, Radnor, PA 19087-8775, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Choristoneura oecidentalis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - pest outbreaks KW - Lepidoptera KW - spatial distribution KW - defoliation KW - Tortricidae KW - USA KW - Lymantriidae KW - climate KW - pest attack KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Forest+defoliators+and+climatic+change%3A+Potential+changes+in+spatial+distribution+of+outbreaks+of+western+spruce+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+and+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLiebhold%2C+AM&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; USA; forests; defoliation; climate; spatial distribution; pest attack; pest outbreaks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nodule gas exchange and water potential response to rapid imposition of water deficit AN - 16733629; 3713716 AB - The permeability (P) of the gaseous diffusion barrier in the nodules of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] decreases when water deficits are extended over a 7 to 10 d period. The mechanism controlling P changes is unclear, but may result from the release of water to intercellular pathways, and an associated change in the nodule water potential. The purpose of these experiments was to impose water deficit treatments rapidly in order to determine the early sequence of the responses of nodule water potential and nodule gas exchange without the complications that arise from long-term water deficit treatments. A vertical, split-root system was used to separate nodule drying effects from plant water deficits by replacing humidified air that was passed over upper root nodules in well-watered plants with dry air, or by replacing the nutrient solution that surrounded lower roots with -1.0 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, or by a combination of the dry air and PEG treatments. The PEG treatment caused large decreases in both the components of nodule water potential and nodule relative water content, but there was no indication that these factors had immediate, direct effects on either nitrogenase activity or P. After 7 h of the PEG treatment a significant decrease in nitrogenase activity was found but no decrease in P was detected. These results indicate that changes in nitrogenase activity in response to water deficits precede decreases in P. Exposure of nodules to dry air in well-watered plants had no significant effect on either nitrogenase activity or P during the 7 h treatment. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Purcell, L C AU - Sinclair, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Agron. Physiol. Lab., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0840, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 179 EP - 187 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - gas exchange KW - water potential KW - soybean KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - respiration KW - water stress KW - plants KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16733629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Nodule+gas+exchange+and+water+potential+response+to+rapid+imposition+of+water+deficit&rft.au=Purcell%2C+L+C%3BSinclair%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water stress; respiration; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observed downwash concentrations compared to ISCST predictions in urban core AN - 16733565; 3718310 AB - An atmospheric tracer (SF sub(6)) was released from an industrial stack in an urban core during nocturnal neutral to stable atmospheric conditions in an effort to determine the dispersive characteristics and the atmospheric transport of stack effluent under these conditions. Tracer concentration data are compared to predictions made by the Environmental Protection Agency's Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) model. ISCST is the regulatory air-pollution model typically recommended in situations where structure-induced plume downwash is a possibility. Under the meteorological conditions and stack parameters sampled in the present study, the downwash algorithm causes the ISCST model to overpredict surface concentrations below 3.5 m/s or below a wind speed/exit velocity (u/V sub(e)) ratio of 0.25. Model performance was better in neutral than in stable atmospheric conditions. The stack effluent temperature was >450 degree K, and the model overprediction may be due in part to the treatment of thermal buoyancy in the model treatment of building wake downwash. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Thistle, H W AU - Murray AU - Ratte, M R AU - Carroll, M R AD - USDA Forest Serv., MTDC, Bldg. 1, Ft. Missoula, MT 59801, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 16 EP - 20 VL - 121 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind KW - plumes KW - urban areas KW - atmosphere KW - mathematical models KW - air pollution KW - tracers KW - pollution dispersion KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16733565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Observed+downwash+concentrations+compared+to+ISCST+predictions+in+urban+core&rft.au=Thistle%2C+H+W%3BMurray%3BRatte%2C+M+R%3BCarroll%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Thistle&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; tracers; air pollution; urban areas; pollution dispersion; plumes; wind; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pupal development and adult emergence patterns of the Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16733258; 3713743 AB - Pupal development times and thermal unit requirements, daily adult eclosion patterns, and the durations of phases of emergence of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), adult sexes were observed under reversed photoperiodic and thermoperiodic conditions. Female pupae required fewer days and thermal units for development than did males. Both sexes eclosed early in the scotophase; eclosion of adult males and females was complete within approximately 1.7 and 4.5 h of last light, respectively. Newly emerged males required less time than females to inflate and dry their wings and less time for the entire emergence process (eclosion to wings dried and folded in a normal resting position). The temporal patterns of emergence suggest that efforts to observe emergence in sugarcane fields should be concentrated in the early scotophase. The short duration of the emergence process will limit the time during which newly emerged moths can be identified. Therefore, cage studies of emergence may offer a greater likelihood of success than studies relying on direct observation, especially under the usual conditions of low E. loftini population intensity and high crop biomass. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Lingren, P D AU - Raulston, J R AU - Shaver, T N AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 76 EP - 79 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - development KW - pupae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - emergence KW - Lepidoptera KW - adults KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16733258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pupal+development+and+adult+emergence+patterns+of+the+Mexican+rice+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BShaver%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Eoreuma loftini; pupae; development; emergence; adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-specific mating activities of Mexican rice borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16732679; 3713739 AB - Occurrence, timing within the scotophase, and duration of mating, as well as timing within the scotophase of calling by females, were observed in the laboratory for pairs of all age combinations of 0- to 5-d-old male and female Eoreuma loftini (Dyar). Also, occurrence of mating of 1- to 5-d-old E. loftini females was examined on mating stations in commercial sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Percentage of mating moths in the laboratory ranged from 67.3 (4 d old) to 78.7% (1 d old) for females and from 56 (0 d old) to 81.3% (5 d old) for males. Occurrence of mating generally increased with male age. Mating was least likely to occur when one sex was very old and the other very young. Females called earlier, and both sexes mated earlier as age increased. Duration of mating also was influenced by age of either sex, but these differences were small relative to the mean total duration of mating. Differences in female age seldom resulted in large differences in occurrence of mating on mating stations, but when differences occurred, younger females were more often mated than older females. Changes in temporal patterns of sexual response and receptivity of males and females, respectively, probably caused the observed effects of age on mating occurrence. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Lingren, P D AU - Raulston, J R AU - Shaver, T N AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 105 EP - 109 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - mating behavior KW - Lepidoptera KW - age KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Age-specific+mating+activities+of+Mexican+rice+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BShaver%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eoreuma loftini; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; age; mating behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural variation: A complicating factor in bioassays with chemical and microbial pesticides AN - 16728520; 3715949 AB - Our investigation of responses of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis over 83 wk; diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (cloned into Pseudomonas florescens) over 37 wk; and western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, to pyrethrins and DDT over 91 generations indicated that ratios at LC sub(50), LC sub(90) and LC sub(99) varied among pesticides tested on the same species and among insect species tested with the same pesticide. Frequencies with which LCs were significantly different (based on bracketing of the value 1.0 by 95% CI of each ratio) compared with the standard (the lowest LC in the data set) were extremely high (>95%) in all tests except those with pyrethrins on western spruce budworm. For example, toxicity ratios for Colorado potato beetle larvae fed B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis were as high as 12.8 at LC sub(50), 37.0 at LC sub(90), and 155 at LC sub(99) over 83 wk; the maximum upper 95% CL for a ratio were 18.6, 168, and 1,000, respectively, at these LCs. We conclude that the extent of natural variation must be investigated before biologically important changes can be identified with any certainty. The conventional practice of using ratios of one LC to another in studies to detect resistance and other biological changes may lead to erroneous conclusions if natural variation in cohorts of a population and subsequent generations of the same genetic strain are unknown. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Robertson, J L AU - Preisler, H K AU - Ng, S S AU - Hickle, LA AU - Gelernter, W D AD - Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., USDA-Forest Serv., P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - toxicity KW - pest control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - statistical analysis KW - bioassays KW - pesticides KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Natural+variation%3A+A+complicating+factor+in+bioassays+with+chemical+and+microbial+pesticides&rft.au=Robertson%2C+J+L%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BNg%2C+S+S%3BHickle%2C+LA%3BGelernter%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pest control; toxicity; statistical analysis; bioassays; pesticides; Bacillus thuringiensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is strain DS5 hydratase a C-10 positional specific enzyme? Identification of bioconversion products from alpha - and gamma -linolenic acids by Flavobacterium sp. DS5 AN - 16727744; 3716958 AB - Previously, we reported the isolation of a new microbial strain Flavobacterium sp. DS5 (NRRL B-14859) which converted oleic and linoleic acids to their corresponding 10-keto- and 10-hydroxy-fatty acids. The hydration enzyme seemed to be specific to the C-10 position. Now we have identified, by GC/MS, NMR, and FTIR, the bioconversion products from alpha -linoleic acid as 10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid and from gamma -linolenic acid as 10-hydroxy-6(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid. Products from 9(E)-unsaturated fatty acids were also identified as their corresponding 10-hydroxy or 10-keto fatty acids. From these results, it is concluded that strain DS5 hydratase is indeed a C-10 positional-specific enzyme and prefers an 18-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid. Among the C18 unsaturated fatty acids, an additional double bond on either side of the C-9 position lowers the enzyme hydration activity. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AD - Oil Chemical Res., NCAUR/ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 31 EP - 34 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - linolenic acid KW - gamma -linolenic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Flavobacterium KW - enzymes KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Is+strain+DS5+hydratase+a+C-10+positional+specific+enzyme%3F+Identification+of+bioconversion+products+from+alpha+-+and+gamma+-linolenic+acids+by+Flavobacterium+sp.+DS5&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flavobacterium; enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and partial characterization of an outer membrane protein involved in the adhesion of Rahnella aquatilis to wheat roots AN - 16725248; 3710741 AB - A 38 kDa major outer membrane protein isolated from the nitrogen-fixing enterobacterium Rahnella aquatilis CF3 showed high affinity for wheat roots in an in vitro adhesion assay. Antibodies directed against the 38 kDa protein were able to bind to whole cells of R. aquatilis and strongly reduced attachment to wheat roots, suggesting a role in adhesion to and colonization of plant roots. The N-terminal sequence of the 38 kDa protein revealed a strong homology with enterobacterial porins. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Achouak, W AU - De Mot, R AU - Heulin, T AD - Plant Sci. Inst., USDA/ARS, Build. 011A, BARC-WEST, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 27075-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 19 EP - 24 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - roots KW - adherent cells KW - Rahnella aquatilis KW - nitrogen fixation KW - Triticum aestivum KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+partial+characterization+of+an+outer+membrane+protein+involved+in+the+adhesion+of+Rahnella+aquatilis+to+wheat+roots&rft.au=Achouak%2C+W%3BDe+Mot%2C+R%3BHeulin%2C+T&rft.aulast=Achouak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rahnella aquatilis; Triticum aestivum; roots; adherent cells; membrane proteins; nitrogen fixation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitism of western corn rootworm larvae and pupae by Steinernema carpocapsae AN - 16724661; 3702548 AB - Virulence and development of the insect-parasitic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Mexican strain), were evaluated for the immature stages of the western corn rootworm. Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Third instar rootworm larvae were five times more susceptible to nematode infection than second instar larvae and 75 times more susceptible than first instar larvae and pupae, based on laboratory bioassays. Rootworm eggs were not susceptible. Nematode development was observed in all susceptible rootworm stages, but a complete life cycle was observed only in second and third instar larvae and pupae. Nematode size was affected by rootworm stage; the smallest infective-stage nematodes were recovered from second instar rootworm larvae. Results of this study suggest that S. carpocapsae should be applied when second and third instar rootworm larvae are predominant in the field. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Jackson, J J AU - Brooks, MA AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA ARS, RR 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 15 EP - 20 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Steinernema carpocapsae KW - pathogenicity KW - Lepidoptera KW - parasitism KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Parasitism+of+western+corn+rootworm+larvae+and+pupae+by+Steinernema+carpocapsae&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J+J%3BBrooks%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Steinernema carpocapsae; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Lepidoptera; Chrysomelidae; pathogenicity; parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibodies to the vitronectin receptor (integrin alpha sub(v) beta sub(3)) inhibit binding and infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus to cultured cells AN - 16724370; 3713976 AB - The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is highly conserved on the VP1 proteins of different serotypes and subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and is essential for cell attachment. This sequence is also found in certain extracellular matrix proteins that bind to a family of cell surface receptors called integrins. Within the Picornaviridae family, human enterovirus coxsackievirus A9 also has an RGD motif on its VP1 capsid protein and has recently been shown to utilize the vitronectin receptor integrin alpha sub(v) beta sub(3) as a receptor on monkey kidney cells. Competition binding experiments between type A sub(12) FMDV and coxsackievirus A9 using BHK-21 and LLC-MK2 cells revealed shared receptor specificity between these two viruses. Polyclonal antiserum to the vitronectin receptor and a monoclonal antibody to the alpha sub(v) subunit inhibited both FMDV binding and plaque formation, while a monoclonal antibody to the beta sub(3) subunit inhibited virus binding. In contrast, antibodies to the fibronectin receptor ( alpha sub(5) beta sub(1)) or to the integrin ( alpha sub(v) beta sub(5)) had no effect on either binding or plaque formation. These data demonstrate that the alpha sub(v) beta sub(3) vitronectin receptor can function as a receptor for FMDV. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Berinstein, A AU - Roivainen, M AU - Hovi, T AU - Mason, P W AU - Baxt, B AD - USDA, ARS, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2664 EP - 2666 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - vitronectin receptor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - inhibition KW - binding KW - BHK-21 cells KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Antibodies+to+the+vitronectin+receptor+%28integrin+alpha+sub%28v%29+beta+sub%283%29%29+inhibit+binding+and+infection+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+to+cultured+cells&rft.au=Berinstein%2C+A%3BRoivainen%2C+M%3BHovi%2C+T%3BMason%2C+P+W%3BBaxt%2C+B&rft.aulast=Berinstein&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; inhibition; binding; BHK-21 cells; monoclonal antibodies; foot-and-mouth disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonpigmented and bacteriochlorophyll-containing bradyrhizobia isolated from Aeschynomene indica AN - 16720346; 3709697 AB - The legume genus Aeschynomene is unusual, since many species develop stem nodules and the bradyrhizobia isolated from these nodules produce bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl). Evidence is presented that the bradyrhizobia of Aeschynomene indica have wide distribution throughout the world, since A. indica was nodulated when grown in 58 soils collected in 14 different countries. Only 38 of 79 isolates tested synthesized Bchl and carotenoids during heterotrophic growth. Nine isolates produced Bchl constitutively, and cultures were pigmented after growth in the dark. The other isolates required light for Bchl production. The DNA from seven pigmented and three nonpigmented bradyrhizobia hybridized with a DNA probe containing the genes for the photosynthetic apparatus of Rhodobacter capsulatus, but DNA from two other nonpigmented isolates did not hybridize with this probe. A relationship between pigmentation in culture and symbiotic phenotype was not evident, since bradyrhizobia of both Bchl phenotypes nodulated stems of A. indica and formed nitrogen-fixing symbioses. Several isolates, which were ineffective on A. indica, probably do belong to the proposed cross-inoculation group 3, since they did not nodulate Aeschynomene americana or Macroptilium atropurpureum. Since it has been suggested that extant rhizobia arose from photosynthetic ancestors, we propose that the nonpigmented isolates may represent an extant lineage of an intermediate evolutionary stage. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, HH-19, Build. 011, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 623 EP - 629 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacteriochlorophyll KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aeschynomene indica KW - evolutionary genetics KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - hybridization analysis KW - nodulation KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16720346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nonpigmented+and+bacteriochlorophyll-containing+bradyrhizobia+isolated+from+Aeschynomene+indica&rft.au=Van+Berkum%2C+P%3BTully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aeschynomene indica; Bradyrhizobium; nodulation; evolutionary genetics; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutathione-S-transferase activity and metabolism of glutathione conjugates by rhizosphere bacteria AN - 16719934; 3709692 AB - Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was determined in 36 species of rhizosphere bacteria with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and in 18 strains with the herbicide alachlor. Highest levels of CDNB-GST activity (60 to 222 nmol/h/mg) were found in gram-negative bacteria: Enterobacter cloacea, Citrobacter diversus, Klebsiella planticola, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, and Xanthomonas campestris. There was very low CDNB-GST activity in the gram-positive strains. Rapid metabolism of CDNB-glutathione conjugates, attributable to high levels of gamma -glutamyltranspeptidase, also occurred in the gram-negative bacteria, especially pseudomonads. Alachlor-GST activity detected in cell extracts and whole-cell suspensions of some strains of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae was 50- to 100-fold lower than CDNB-GST activity (0.5 to 2.5 nmol/h/mg) and was, for the most part, constitutive. The glutathione-alachlor conjugate was rarely detected. Cysteineglycine and/or cysteine conjugates were the major products of alachlor-GST metabolism. Whole-cell suspensions of certain Pseudomonas spp. dechlorinated from 20 to 75% of 100 mu M alachlor in 24 h. Results indicate that rhizosphere bacteria, especially fluorescent pseudomonads, may play an important role in the degradation of xenobiotics such as alachlor via GST-mediated reactions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Locke, MA AU - Hickey, W J AD - USDA, ARS, SWSL, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1054 EP - 1060 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - glutathione-S-transferase KW - glutathione KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - bacteria KW - rhizosphere KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16719934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Glutathione-S-transferase+activity+and+metabolism+of+glutathione+conjugates+by+rhizosphere+bacteria&rft.au=Zablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BHoagland%2C+R+E%3BLocke%2C+MA%3BHickey%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Zablotowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; rhizosphere; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric tracer concentrations from elevated source in urban core AN - 16719781; 3710117 AB - An understanding of building wake effects is critical to the correct simulation of near-field dispersion of air pollutants that can be entrained in the wake cavity. Downwash of effluent plumes from elevated sources due to building wake effects can raise atmospheric concentrations of the effluent gas near ground level close to the source. Maximum observed ground level concentrations can be due to downwash under certain circumstances. In this field experiment 51 SF sub(6) samplers were deployed to measure the near-field tracer concentrations due to an elevated point source of heated effluent under stable to neutral atmospheric conditions in an urban core. Over 2,000 hourly samples were collected and analyzed. Isopleths of SF sub(6) hourly concentrations indicate a complicated relationship between concentration and the individual and aggregate position, as well as between concentration and the geometry of surrounding obstacles. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Thistle, H W AU - Murray AU - Ratte, M R AU - Carroll, M R AD - USDA For. Serv., MTDC, Build. 1, Ft. Missoula, Missoula, MT 59801, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 121 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - urban areas KW - tracers KW - atmosphere KW - pollution dispersion KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16719781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+tracer+concentrations+from+elevated+source+in+urban+core&rft.au=Thistle%2C+H+W%3BMurray%3BRatte%2C+M+R%3BCarroll%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Thistle&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urban areas; atmosphere; air pollution; tracers; pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insoluble glucan formation by Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 AN - 16715731; 3704242 AB - Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 produced at least three glycosyltransferases (GTFs). We previously identified GTF-2 as alternansucrase and GTF-3 as fraction L dextransucrase. We here show that GTF-1 is a previously unreported sucrase that synthesized water-insoluble dextran. Our evidence consisted of the following. (i) GTF-1 was a major component and GTF-2 was a minor component of culture supernatant fractions, but supernatant fractions actively synthesized water-insoluble glucan. (ii) GTF-1 and culture supernatants produced an unusual high-pressure liquid chromatography pattern of malto-oligosaccharides that was not reproduced by GTF-2-GTF-3 mixtures. (iii) GTF-2, GTF-3, and GTF-2-GTF-3 mixtures did not synthesize insoluble glucan from sucrose. Nearly all of the alternansucrase in young (less than 17-h) cultures was associated with the cells. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Zahnley, J C AU - Smith, M R AD - West. Reg. Res. Cent., USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1120 EP - 1123 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - dextran KW - glucosyltransferase KW - microbiological culture KW - sucrase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - biochemistry KW - bacteria KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - enzymes KW - marine organisms KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16715731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Insoluble+glucan+formation+by+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+B-1355&rft.au=Zahnley%2C+J+C%3BSmith%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Zahnley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; bacteria; microbiological culture; enzymes; marine organisms; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and characterization of a DNA probe for distinguishing strains of Aspergillus flavus AN - 16715058; 3709553 AB - Repetitive DNA sequences have proven useful and reliable characters in evaluating genetic relatedness of strains at different levels of taxonomic classification. A DNA probe was constructed to distinguish among strains of Aspergillus flavus by DNA fingerprinting techniques. Chromosomal DNA of A. flavus var. flavus NRRL 6541 was partially digested with EcoRI and ligated to a Lambda Dash bacteriophage vector. Four lambda clones were identified which displayed multiple and distinct bands when hybridized with chromosomal DNA from seven strains of A. flavus var. flavus digested with either EcoRI or PstI. One of these clones was chosen for further analysis and was subcloned into pUC19. The subclone, pAF28, contained a 6.2-kb chromosomal DNA insert and was able to distinguish among strains characterized by K. E. Papa as belonging to 22 different vegetative compatibility groups. The subclone identified unique banding patterns when hybridized to genomic DNA digested with PstI. The cloned probe may be species specific as it hybridized with the DNA of all isolates of A. flavus tested in addition to strains recognized as varieties of A. flavus (e.g., A. flavus var. oryzae, A. flavus var. parasiticus, and A. flavus var. sojae). pAF28 hybridized to a single band on a Southern blot with Aspergillus nomius DNA but did not hybridize with the DNA of other fungal species tested including Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus auricomus, Aspergillus alliaceus, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillium thomii. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McAlpin, CE AU - Mannarelli, B AD - Phytoprod. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1068 EP - 1072 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - DNA probes KW - taxonomy KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16715058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Construction+and+characterization+of+a+DNA+probe+for+distinguishing+strains+of+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=McAlpin%2C+CE%3BMannarelli%2C+B&rft.aulast=McAlpin&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA probes; taxonomy; Aspergillus flavus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental trampling of vegetation. I. Relationship between trampling intensity and vegetation response AN - 16714272; 3711152 AB - Experimental trampling was conducted in 18 vegetation types in five separate mountain regions in the United States. Each type was trampled 0-500 times. Response to trampling was assessed by determining vegetation cover 2 weeks after trampling and 1 year after trampling. Response varied significantly with trampling intensity and vegetation type. Trampling intensity and vegetation type explained more of the variation in vegetation cover 2 weeks after trampling than they did 1 year after trampling. For most vegetation types, the relationship between vegetation cover after trampling and trampling intensity was best approximated by a second order polynomial of the form Y = A - BX + CX super(2). The relationship was linear in a few vegetation types. The curvilinearity of the relationship between trampling intensity and surviving vegetation cover decreased with increases in resistance, tolerance and species diversity of the vegetation type. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Cole, D N AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res. Inst., Forest Serv., USDA, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 203 EP - 214 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - regeneration KW - montane environments KW - human impact KW - vegetation KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16714272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=Experimental+trampling+of+vegetation.+I.+Relationship+between+trampling+intensity+and+vegetation+response&rft.au=Cole%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; human impact; vegetation; regeneration; montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of exopolysaccharides produced by fluorescent pseudomonads associated with commercial mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production AN - 16714133; 3709498 AB - The acidic exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from 63 strains of mushroom production-associated fluorescent pseudomonads which were mucoid on Pseudomonas agar F medium (PAF) were isolated, partially purified, and characterized. The strains were originally isolated from discolored lesions which developed postharvest on mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) caps or from commercial lots of mushroom casing medium. An acidic galactoglucan, previously named marginalan, was produced by mucoid strains of the saprophyte Pseudomonas putida and the majority of mucoid strains of saprophytic P. fluorescens (biovars III and V) isolated from casing medium. One biovar II strain (J1) of P. fluorescens produced alginate, a copolymer of mannuronic and guluronic acids, and one strain (H13) produced an apparently unique EPS containing neutral and amino sugars. Of 10 strains of the pathogen "P. gingeri," the causal agent of mushroom ginger blotch, 8 gave mucoid growth on PAF. The "P. gingeri" EPS also was unique in containing both neutral sugar and glucuronic acid. Mucoid, weakly virulent strains of "P. reactans" produced either alginate or marginalan. All 10 strains of the pathogen P. tolaasii, the causal agent of brown blotch of mushrooms, were nonmucoid on PAF. Production of EPS by these 10 strains plus the 2 nonmucoid strains of "P. gingeri" also was negative on several additional solid media as well as in two broth media tested. The results support our previous studies indicating that fluorescent pseudomonads are a rich source of novel EPSs. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fett, W F AU - Wells, J M AU - Cescutti, P AU - Wijey, C AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 513 EP - 517 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - exopolysaccharides KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agaricus bisporus KW - mushroom culture KW - saprophytes KW - Pseudomonas KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16714133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+exopolysaccharides+produced+by+fluorescent+pseudomonads+associated+with+commercial+mushroom+%28Agaricus+bisporus%29+production&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F%3BWells%2C+J+M%3BCescutti%2C+P%3BWijey%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mushroom culture; saprophytes; Agaricus bisporus; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Addition of cellulolytic clostridia to the bovine rumen and pig intestinal tract AN - 16713873; 3709458 AB - Studies were conducted to determine whether intestinal cellulolytic bacteria could be introduced into the bovine rumen or pig large intestine. In the first study, the ruminal fluid of three cows was evacuated and replaced with 20 liters of buffer and 6 liters of the ruminal or swine cellulolytic organism Clostridium longisporum or Clostridium herbivorans, respectively. The introduced organisms were the predominant cellulolytic bacterium in the fluid (>10 super(7) cells/ml) at 0 h. C. longisporum was still the predominant cellulolytic organism after 5 h, at 0.55 x 10 super(7) cells/ml; however, after 24 h the count of C. longisporum decreased to 0.05 x 10 super(7) cells/ml compared with 2.8 x 10 super(7) cells/ml for the total cellulolytic organisms. After 48 h, C. longisporum was no longer detectable. C. herbivorans was identified in only one of the three cows after 24 h and was not detected at 72 h. In a second study, when C. longisporum (50 ml; 10 super(7) cells/ml) was infused into the terminal ileum of seven pigs, it was not recovered when fecal samples were evaluated at 24, 48, or 72 h after infusion. These studies emphasize the competition that must be overcome to successfully introduce organisms into an intestinal ecosystem. Furthermore, these studies suggest that C. longisporum is a transient organism in the bovine rumen; however, C. herbivorans is part of the normal intestinal flora of some pigs, although the role that it plays in fiber degradation in these pigs is unclear. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Varel, V H AU - Yen, J T AU - Kreikemeier, K K AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1116 EP - 1119 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Clostridium longisporum KW - Clostridium herbivorans KW - cattle KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - intestinal microflora KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Addition+of+cellulolytic+clostridia+to+the+bovine+rumen+and+pig+intestinal+tract&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BYen%2C+J+T%3BKreikemeier%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intestinal microflora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Realized and potential fecundity of the Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a function of pupal weight AN - 16713639; 3711500 AB - An oviposition profile of the first 4 d after mating was constructed for the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar). Effects of pupal weight on potential and realized fecundity were examined by comparing the numbers of oocytes contained in newly emerged females to numbers of oviposited eggs and retained oocytes of females allowed to oviposit for 4 d. Oviposition was greatest on the second night after mating and least on the fourth night. Pupal weight did not influence the percentage of the egg complement that was oviposited in 4 d, but accounted for 81 and 74% of the variation in the size of egg complements among newly emerged moths and moths that oviposited for 4 d, respectively. Slopes of these regression equations were not different and indicated that E. loftini females contain a full egg complement at eclosion. Realized fecundity was also related to pupal weight at 1-4 d after mating. Pupal weight explained an increasing proportion of observed variation in fecundity with increasing oviposition time, from 17% after 1 d to 61% after 4 d. Implications of these findings to future studies are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Lingren, P D AU - Shaver, T N AU - Raulston, J R AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 94 EP - 98 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - pupae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - Lepidoptera KW - fecundity KW - oviposition KW - body weight KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Realized+and+potential+fecundity+of+the+Mexican+rice+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+as+a+function+of+pupal+weight&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BShaver%2C+T+N%3BRaulston%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; Eoreuma loftini; pupae; body weight; oviposition; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of sodium hypochlorite exposure on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for neonatal BALB/c mice AN - 16713537; 3709539 AB - Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum suspended in 5.25, 2.63, or 1.31% aqueous sodium hypochlorite (Clorox laundry bleach) for 10, 30, 60, or 120 min at 21 degree C were administered by gastric intubation to neonatal BALB/c mice. Microscopic examination of intestinal tissue sections revealed developmental stages of C. parvum in all of the mice. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fayer, R AD - Parasit. Immunobiol. Lab., Livest. and Poult. Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 844 EP - 846 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cryptosporidium KW - sodium hypochlorite KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disinfection KW - animal models KW - pathogenicity KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - public health KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sodium+hypochlorite+exposure+on+infectivity+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts+for+neonatal+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disinfection; animal models; pathogenicity; public health; Cryptosporidium parvum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding a cell-bound, extracellular beta -glucosidase in the yeast Candida wickerhamii AN - 16713450; 3709535 AB - The ability of yeasts to ferment cellodextrins is rare. Candida wickerhamii is able to use these sugars for alcohol production because of a cell-bound, extracellular, beta -glucosidase that is unusual by not being inhibited by glucose. A cDNA expression library in lambda phage was prepared with mRNA isolated from cellobiose-grown C. wickerhamii. Immunological screening of the library with polyclonal antibodies against purified C. wickerhamii cell-bound, extracellular beta -glucosidase yielded 12 positive clones. Restriction endonuclease analysis and sequence data revealed that the clones could be divided into two groups, bglA and bglB, which were shown to be genetically distinct by Southern hybridization analyses. Efforts were directed at the study of bglB since it appeared to code for the cell-bound beta -glucosidase. Sequence data from both cDNA and genomic clones showed the absence of introns in bglB. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of cell lysates from Escherichia coli bglB clones confirmed the presence of an expressed protein with an apparent molecular mass of 72 kDa, which is consistent with that expected for an unglycosylated form of the enzyme. Amino acid comparisons of BglB with other beta -glucosidase sequences suggest that it is a member of family 1 glycosyl hydrolases but is unusual in that it contains an additional 100 to 130 amino acids at the N terminus. This sequence did not have homologies to other known protein sequences and may impart unique properties to this beta -glucosidase. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Skory, C D AU - Freer, S N AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 518 EP - 525 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Candida wickerhamii KW - beta -glucosidase KW - bglA gene KW - bglB gene KW - cellodextrin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - extracellular enzymes KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - G 07331:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+gene+encoding+a+cell-bound%2C+extracellular+beta+-glucosidase+in+the+yeast+Candida+wickerhamii&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D%3BFreer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; extracellular enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laccase component of the Ceriporiopsis subvermispora lignin-degrading system AN - 16712731; 3708968 AB - Laccase activity in the lignin-degrading fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora was associated with several proteins in the broth of cultures grown in a defined medium. Activity was not increased significantly by adding 2,5-xylidine or supplemental copper to the medium. Higher activity, associated with two major isoenzymes, developed in cultures grown on a wheat bran medium. These two isoenzymes were purified to homogeneity. L1 and L2 had isoelectric points of 3.4 and 4.8, molecular masses of 71 and 68 kDa, and approximate carbohydrate contents of 15 and 10%, respectively. Data indicated 4 copper atoms per mol. L1 and L2 had overlapping pH optima in the range of 3 to 5, depending on the substrate, and exhibited half-lives of 120 and 50 min at 60 degree C. They were strongly inhibited by sodium azide and thioglycolic acid but not by hydroxylamine or EDTA. The isoenzymes oxidized 1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene but not other methoxybenzene congeners. A variety of usual laccase substrates, including lignin-related phenols and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], were also oxidized. Kinetic parameters were similar to those of the laccases of Coriolus versicolor. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (20 residues for L1) showed significant homology to those of laccases of other white rot basidiomycetes but not to those of the laccases of Agaricus bisporus or Neurospora crassa. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fukushima, Y AU - Kirk, T K AD - Inst. Microbial and Biochem. Technol., Forest Prod. Lab., USDA, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 872 EP - 876 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - laccase KW - lignin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biodegradation KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - amino acid sequence KW - extracellular enzymes KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16712731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Laccase+component+of+the+Ceriporiopsis+subvermispora+lignin-degrading+system&rft.au=Fukushima%2C+Y%3BKirk%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Fukushima&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=872&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; amino acid sequence; extracellular enzymes; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disturbance and the population dynamics of Liriodendron tulipifera: Simulations with a spatial model of forest succession AN - 16712129; 3702960 AB - Population dynamics of Liriodendron tulipifera throughout the successional sere were investigated with a spatial simulator of forest community dynamics. The simulations were complemented by data from Appalachian cove forests at different stages of development. Gap size was a key consideration in simulation of Liriodendron recruitment; seed regeneration of this shade-intolerant species was unlikely except in large gaps (> 0.04 ha). In simulations of long-term forest development (800 years) without exogenous disturbance, Liriodendron was a dominant species in early succession (50-150 years), but it was absent or present at low levels in stands > 500 years of age. The simulated basal area levels of Liriodendron approximated actual levels in cove forests having a disturbance regime characterized by a very low frequency of severe, large-scale events. The idea that canopy gap size distributions change over the course of forest development was supported by the simulations. Given that intolerant species require large gaps for successful establishment, it was clear that temporal patterns of large gap formation affected the dynamics of such species. Intolerants were unable to regenerate during the stem exclusion phase, but they could regenerate during the subsequent understorey reinitiation and old-growth phases having large gaps. Certain simulated disturbances imposed on old forests elevated Liriodendron basal area. Components of the disturbance regime included patch size, return interval, severity and spatial dispersion. The largest increases in Liriodendron basal area resulted from disturbance patches > 0.04 ha. Gaps, 0.1 ha in size, formed at intervals < 100 years by the mortality of c. 25% of the canopy trees in a stand, were sufficient to maintain the high levels of Liriodendron observed in some primeval forests of eastern North America. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Busing, R T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 45 EP - 53 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - succession KW - disturbance KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - population dynamics KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16712129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Disturbance+and+the+population+dynamics+of+Liriodendron+tulipifera%3A+Simulations+with+a+spatial+model+of+forest+succession&rft.au=Busing%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Busing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liriodendron tulipifera; disturbance; population dynamics; succession; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a new intestinal spirochete with pathogenicity for chickens AN - 16711204; 3704966 AB - Two intestinal spirochete isolates obtained from chickens with diarrhea were examined by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, rRNA gene restriction pattern analysis, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. One isolate (strain 91-1207/C1) was pathogenicity tested in vivo in chickens. The chicken spirochetes were morphologically indistinguishable from Serpulina innocens and Serpulina hyodysenteriae and phenotypically similar to S. innocens. However, the chicken spirochetes could be distinguished from S. innocens, S. hyodysenteriae, and other swine intestinal spirochets by rRNA gene restriction pattern analysis and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. In pathogenicity tests in 1-day-old chicks and 14-month-old hens, chicken spirochete 91-1207/C1 produced pale-yellow, watery cecal contents and mild lymphocytic typhlitis. These findings support the conclusion that avian intestinal spirochetes can be pathogenic to commercial poultry and that the microorganisms are different from intestinal spirochetes that infect pigs. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Swayne, DE AU - Eaton, KA AU - Stoutenburg, J AU - Trott, D J AU - Hampson, D J AU - Jensen, N S AD - USDA, ARS, Southeast Poult. Res. Lab., 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 430 EP - 436 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - chickens KW - Serpulina innocens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - spirochetes KW - intestinal microflora KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16711204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+new+intestinal+spirochete+with+pathogenicity+for+chickens&rft.au=Swayne%2C+DE%3BEaton%2C+KA%3BStoutenburg%2C+J%3BTrott%2C+D+J%3BHampson%2C+D+J%3BJensen%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Swayne&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; intestinal microflora; spirochetes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonradioactive colony hybridization assay for detection and enumeration of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in raw beef AN - 16710496; 3710284 AB - A DNA probe endolabeled with digoxigenin by PCR was developed to detect and enumerate enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in raw beef. After 2 h of hybridization, membranes were developed by using an anti-digoxigenin-alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody. The resulting chromogenic reaction allowed us to detect and enumerate less than or equal to 10 CFU of C. perfringens per g. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Baez, LA AU - Juneja, V K AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 807 EP - 810 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - detection KW - beef KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - enumeration KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nonradioactive+colony+hybridization+assay+for+detection+and+enumeration+of+enterotoxigenic+Clostridium+perfringens+in+raw+beef&rft.au=Baez%2C+LA%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Baez&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; beef; polymerase chain reaction; detection; enumeration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The genes encoding the delta subunits of dinitrogenases 2 and 3 are required for Mo-independent diazotrophic growth by Azotobacter vinelandii AN - 16710266; 3710333 AB - vnfG and anfG encode the delta subunits of alternative nitrogenases 2 and 3 in Azotobacter vinelandii, respectively. As a first step towards elucidating the role of these subunits, diazotrophic growth and acetylene reduction studies were conducted on mutants containing alterations in the genes encoding these subunits. Mutants containing a stop codon (C36stop) or an in-frame deletion in anfG were unable to grow in N-free, Mo-deficient medium (Anf super(-)). Mutants in which cysteine 36 of AnfG (a residue conserved between VnfG and AnfG) was changed to Ala or Ser were Anf super(+). Thus, this conserved cysteine is not essential for the function of AnfG in dinitrogenase 3. A mutant with a stop codon in vnfG (C17stop) grew after a lag of 25 h in N-free, Mo-deficient medium containing V sub(2)O sub(5). However, a Nif super(-) Anf super(-) strain with this mutation was unable to grow under these conditions. This shows that the vnfG gene product is required for nitrogenase 2-dependent growth. Strains with mutations in vnfG and anfG reduced acetylene to different degrees. This indicates that the delta subunits are not required for acetylene reduction by nitrogenases 2 and 3. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Waugh, SI AU - Paulsen, D M AU - Mylona, P V AU - Maynard, R H AU - Premakumar, R AU - Bishop, P E AD - USDA-ARS, and Dep. Microbiol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7615, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1505 EP - 1510 VL - 177 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - dinitrogenase KW - vnfG gene KW - anfG gene KW - molybdenum KW - acetylene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - mutants KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=The+genes+encoding+the+delta+subunits+of+dinitrogenases+2+and+3+are+required+for+Mo-independent+diazotrophic+growth+by+Azotobacter+vinelandii&rft.au=Waugh%2C+SI%3BPaulsen%2C+D+M%3BMylona%2C+P+V%3BMaynard%2C+R+H%3BPremakumar%2C+R%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=SI&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; mutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water depletion by C sub(3) and C sub(4) pasture grasses in central Appalachia AN - 16707629; 3700466 AB - Changing vegetation type can change soil water utilization patterns and alter an area's hydrologic balance. This study was conducted to determine the impact of changing hill land pastures from C sub(3) to C sub(4) grasses on soil water levels. Soil water status was monitored at 920 m (3,000 ft) elevation and 615 m (2,000 ft) elevation sites in Central Appalachia. Plots were planted with a C sub(3) grass-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. var. 'Pennlate'), a C sub(4) grass-switch-grass (Panicum virgatum L. var. 'Cave-in-Rock'); and another C sub(4) grass-bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. var. 'Quicksand Common'). At the 920 m elevation site, orchardgrass frequently maintained a 2-4 cm (0.8-1.6 in) greater soil water depletion level than switchgrass or bermudagrass. There was no consistent significant difference at the 615 m site. Additionally, there was no trend of soil water depletion differences between switchgrass and bermudagrass at either site in spite of large differences in canopy height and geometry. Overall soil water depletion was greater at the 615 m site than at the 920 m site which may have been influenced by differences in soil properties. Higher water yield as streamflow may result from higher elevation sites when C sub(4) grasses are grown rather than C sub(3) grasses. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Feldhake, C M AU - Boyer, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Soil Water Conserv. Res. Lab., Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 106 EP - 109 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - grasses KW - pasture KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - soil moisture KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Soil+water+depletion+by+C+sub%283%29+and+C+sub%284%29+pasture+grasses+in+central+Appalachia&rft.au=Feldhake%2C+C+M%3BBoyer%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Feldhake&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Appalachian Mts.; soil moisture; grasses; pasture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terrace formation in cropping strips protected by tall wheatgrass barriers AN - 16707109; 3700506 AB - Tall wheatgrass barriers have been successfully tested in the northern Great Plains for wind erosion control and plant protection. Our objective was to document the passive formation of hillside terraces occasioned by grass barriers on a variable 2 to 4% west to east slope. Eleven double-row tall wheatgrass [Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski] barriers with 10 15-m-wide cropping intervals 530 m long were established in 1967 on a Williams loam (fine-loamy mixed, Typic Argiboroll) 11 km north of Culbertson, Montana. The barriers were oriented north and south in traditional field orientation. In 1991 we established four transects 15 m apart across the barrier system and designated five sampling points along the transects in each cropping interval for a total of 200 sampling points. To avoid confounding by slopes parallel to the barriers, we selected a segment of the barrier system on a near 0% north to south slope for the measurements. Elevation was determined at each point, and soil cores were taken to a depth of about 90 cm to determine depth to CaCO sub(3) layer, and to determine total and organic carbon by 5 cm increments. A stair-step pattern, with a maximum drop of 30 cm from one grass barrier to an adjacent cropping interval, was documented. Depth to CaCO sub(3) and organic carbon concentration increased downslope between barriers, showing soil movement. Grass barriers may serve as a substitute for mechanically built terraces. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Aase, J K AU - Pikul, JL Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Serv., North. Plains Soil Water Res. Cent., Sidney, MI 59270 Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 110 EP - 112 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Elytrigia elongata KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - soil erosion KW - USA, Montana KW - D 04600:Soil KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Terrace+formation+in+cropping+strips+protected+by+tall+wheatgrass+barriers&rft.au=Aase%2C+J+K%3BPikul%2C+JL+Jr&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Montana; agricultural practices; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen fertilizer effect on selection, acceptance, and suitability of Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) as a host plant to Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16707042; 3702253 AB - Changes in nitrogen content of poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willdenow (Euphorbiaceae), is an important factor influencing its acceptability and suitability to the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (biotype B) (Gennadius). More whiteflies were found on fertilized plants than on nonfertilized plants. Higher oviposition on ammonium nitrate treated plants than on nonfertilizer or calcium nitrate treated plants suggest that acceptability of a plant by the whitefly is in response to plant cues. These cues reflect changes in nitrogen content and are perceived during probing of the leaf surface by female whiteflies. Although more crawlers were produced from eggs laid on nonfertilizer or calcium nitrate treated plants than on ammonium nitrate-treated plants, more adults were produced from fertilized plants than from nonfertilized plants. High mortality during the crawler and young nymphal stages on nonfertilized plants could be caused by nutritional limitations of unfertilized plants. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bentz, J AU - Reeves, J III AU - Barbosa, P AU - Francis, B AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Build. 470, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 40 EP - 45 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - Aleyrodidae KW - host plants KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fertilizer+effect+on+selection%2C+acceptance%2C+and+suitability+of+Euphorbia+pulcherrima+%28Euphorbiaceae%29+as+a+host+plant+to+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Bentz%2C+J%3BReeves%2C+J+III%3BBarbosa%2C+P%3BFrancis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia pulcherrima; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; fertilizers; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollinator sharing by three sympatric milkvetches, including the endangered species Astragalus montii AN - 16705159; 3697021 AB - Insects visiting flowers of the endangered Heliotrope milkvetch, Astragalus montii, were compared with those visiting two common sympatric congeners, A. kentrophyta and A. miser, on three sites on the Wasatch Plateau of central Utah for 2 yr. We recorded 27+ species of bees, most of which were uncommon, visiting the three species. All three species were primarily visited by native bees of the genera Osmia (15 species) and/or Bombus (4 species). Most Osmia species visited the three species of Astragalus indiscriminantly; bumblebees preferred A. miser and avoided A. montii. Our hypothesis that A. montii flowers would receive fewer total bee visits and be visited by fewer bee species than their common congeners was rejected: A. montii was intermediate to the two common species in its attractiveness to bees. Also rejected was our hypothesis that the greater similarity between A. montii and A. kentrophyta in flower size, flower morphology, and microhabitat would be associated with greater similarity of flower visitors than either had with A. miser. The data suggest that, rather than competing with each other for pollinators, the three species of Astragalus facilitate each other's visitation rates. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Geer, S M AU - Tepedino, V J AU - Griswold, T L AU - Bowlin, W R AD - USDA/ARS Bee Biol. Sys. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Astragalus montii KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - endangered species KW - Osmia KW - Bombus KW - Megachilidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - pollinators KW - Apidae KW - sympatric populations KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16705159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Pollinator+sharing+by+three+sympatric+milkvetches%2C+including+the+endangered+species+Astragalus+montii&rft.au=Geer%2C+S+M%3BTepedino%2C+V+J%3BGriswold%2C+T+L%3BBowlin%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Geer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Osmia; Bombus; Hymenoptera; Apidae; Megachilidae; endangered species; pollinators; sympatric populations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rangeland alpha diversities: Harvey Valley, Lassen National Forest, California AN - 16704292; 3697068 AB - Monitoring diversity usually begins by estimating alpha diversity of a plant community on a specific site. The objectives of this study were to provide alpha diversity benchmarks and to determine whether rangeland community basal cover characteristics explained variation in diversity estimates. Plant and surface component cover percentages were estimated on 51 plots (representing four vegetation types) on the Lassen National Forest, CA. Each plot was sampled with 30 random, 102 basal point transects. Jackknife procedures were used to compute means and standard errors for Margalef's diversity index (D sub(m)), which stresses species richness, and Simpson's index (D sub(s)), which stresses species dominance. Within vegetation types, D sub(m) and D sub(s) did not rank all plots in the same order. Highest D sub(m) values occurred with the most species. Highest D sub(s) values occurred with comparatively few species but more uniform cover. With either index, average diversity declined from the meadow to grassland to open shrub-grass to timber-bunchgrass types. All possible subset regressions of diversity on the basal cover characteristics were computed. Portions of the variance accounted for by the best models were too low to allow prediction of D sub(m) and D sub(s). The relation of alpha diversity to rangeland health is discussed. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Ratliff, R D AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2081 E. Sierra, Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 46 EP - 57 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - cover KW - plant communities KW - statistical analysis KW - USA, California KW - rangelands KW - species diversity KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Rangeland+alpha+diversities%3A+Harvey+Valley%2C+Lassen+National+Forest%2C+California&rft.au=Ratliff%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; rangelands; plant communities; species diversity; cover; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alginate prill formulations of Talaromyces flavus with organic carriers for biocontrol of Verticillium dahliae AN - 16702753; 3741132 AB - Pyrophyllite clay (Pyrax), milled chitin, corn cobs, fish meal, neem cake, peanut hulls, soy fiber, and wheat bran were used to make alginate prill with or without ascospores of Talaromyces flavus. The formulations were compared for their ability to induce T. flavus to control Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil and to increase populations of T. flavus in three field soils (two loamy sands, one silty clay). Survival of T. flavus in prill at 5 C or ambient temperature (22-24 C), as well as the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the prill, were also determined. Two formulations (corn cobs and pyrophyllite) consistently enhanced biocontrol activity. In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting whereas more than half of the plants treated with T. flavus in either pyrophyllite or corn cob prill remained symptomless 90 days after transplanting. In some experiments, T. flavus in soy fiber prill delayed the median time for symptom development by about 10 days. Experiments on survival and proliferation in soils indicated that there were highly significant interactions among carrier, soil, and sampling time. These interactions indicate that the formulations performed differently in different soils. Populations of T. flavus from some prill x soil x combinations increased during the 18-wk experiment while populations from other combinations remained constant or decreased. Populations of T. flavus in two soils (Hatboro loamy sand, silty clay) amended with wheat-bran prill were greater than those with other formulations in the first 2 wk of assay in these two soils. Populations of T. flavus in the loamy sand amended with peanut hull prill were greater than those from other prill at the 8- and 12-wk samplings in this soil. Prill with pyrophyllite and corn cobs had significantly greater C/N ratios than prill with other carriers. Carriers significantly affected survival of T. flavus at 5 C and at ambient temperature. Survival at both temperatures was best in prill formulated with corn cobs, soy fiber and peanut hulls. Temperature did not alter the survival pattern during the 18-wk sampling period. JF - Phytopathology AU - Fravel AU - Lewis, JA AU - Chittams, J L AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., BARC-West, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - alginate prill KW - alginic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Talaromyces flavus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16702753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Alginate+prill+formulations+of+Talaromyces+flavus+with+organic+carriers+for+biocontrol+of+Verticillium+dahliae&rft.au=Fravel%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BChittams%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Talaromyces flavus; Verticillium dahliae; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis urediniospores exposed to temperatures from subfreezing to 35 degree C AN - 16702727; 3741128 AB - Viable urediniospores and dormant mycelial infections are the principal inoculum sources that contribute to the establishment and development of destructive wheat rust epidemics in the central Great Plains. Viability of urediniospores of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis was measured by exposure in environmental chambers set at constant temperatures ranging from -6 to 35 C. Exposure of P. recondita and P. graminis urediniospores for up to 120 h to constant temperatures of 5-35 C did not significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) affect spore viability among isolates. However, P. recondita and P. graminis urediniospore viability as measured by germination observed after exposure to constant temperatures of -6, -4, -2, 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, or 35 C for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 h indicated significant differences in viability among temperature treatment means (P less than or equal to 0.05). Urediniospores remained viable up to 864 h at constant temperatures between 10 and 30 C and up to 504 h at constant temperatures of 5 and 35 C. Viability of urediniospores exposed at temperatures ranging from -2 to 0 C decreased rapidly after the first 4 h of exposure. At below-freezing temperatures, viability of spores declined rapidly after 1-2 h of exposure. Viability of urediniospores exposed to freezing or below-freezing temperatures was not restored by heat shocking at temperatures typically encountered in the field during an epidemic. Infectivity of P. recondita and P. graminis urediniospores exposed at 5-35 C for 120 h was not significantly different from infectivity of unexposed urediniospores; an average of 58% of the viable urediniospores produced appressoria. JF - Phytopathology AU - Eversmeyer, M G AU - Kramer, CL AD - ARS/USDA, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 161 EP - 164 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - spores KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Puccinia recondita KW - Puccinia graminis KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16702727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Puccinia+recondita+and+P.+graminis+urediniospores+exposed+to+temperatures+from+subfreezing+to+35+degree+C&rft.au=Eversmeyer%2C+M+G%3BKramer%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Eversmeyer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluometuron sorption and transport in dundee soil AN - 16688600; 3697578 AB - The mobility of a synthetic organic compound in soil is affected by degradation and sorption reactions. Sorption is often a nonequilibrium process, leading to greater mobility and increased potential for contamination of shallow groundwater. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to examine sorption kinetics of the herbicide fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phyenyl]urea] in Dundee silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aeric Ochraqualfs), a common soil in the Mississippi Delta. Batch experiments indicated sorption equilibrium was achieved by 72 h contact time. Other data suggested little degradation of fluometuron within this time. The approach to equilibrium was characterized by an initially very rapid reaction, followed by a slower rate of sorption. This behavior could be equally well described by either a nonlinear two-site equilibrium/kinetic or equilibrium/diffusion model. Reaction parameters determined from the batch experiments were further validated by use in a transport model to predict fluometuron movement in this soil. Within parameter uncertainty, the two-site equilibrium/kinetic model gave accurate predictions of fluometuron mobility. Explicitly modeling time-dependent sorption as a diffusion process offered minor improvement in transport predictions. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gaston, LA AU - Locke, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 29 EP - 35 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - fate of pollutants KW - model studies KW - microbial degradation KW - water pollution sources KW - fluometuron KW - groundwater contamination KW - diffusion KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - sorption KW - herbicides KW - organic compounds KW - soil contamination KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16688600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Fluometuron+sorption+and+transport+in+dundee+soil&rft.au=Gaston%2C+LA%3BLocke%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Gaston&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fate of pollutants; soil contamination; organic compounds; sorption; model studies; groundwater pollution; microbial degradation; water pollution sources; herbicides; diffusion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of an electric fence system for excluding wading birds at catfish ponds AN - 16687630; 3696173 AB - We evaluated a two-strand electric fence barrier to determine its utility in excluding great blue herons (Ardea herodias) and great egrets (Casmerodius albus) from ponds containing channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fencing at five ponds resulted in at least a 91% reduction in pond use by herons and egrets. Labor to install the fences ranged from 2 to 6 person-hours per pond. Equipment costs, including US$260 for the fence energizer and battery, ranged from $309 (0.3-ha pond) to $404 (2.2-ha pond). JF - Progressive Fish-Culturist AU - Mott, D F AU - Flynt, R D AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 88 EP - 90 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0033-0779, 0033-0779 KW - Ardea herodias KW - Casmerodius albus KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - aquaculture equipment KW - aquaculture techniques KW - aquatic birds KW - birds KW - electric fence KW - electricity KW - fish culture KW - pond culture KW - predator control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - aquaculture KW - USA, Mississippi KW - electrical equipment KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16687630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+an+electric+fence+system+for+excluding+wading+birds+at+catfish+ponds&rft.au=Mott%2C+D+F%3BFlynt%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.issn=00330779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; aquaculture; fish culture; aquaculture equipment; electrical equipment; electricity; aquaculture techniques; predator control; pond culture; birds; Ardea herodias; Ictalurus punctatus; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental studies on the effects of pipeflow on throughflow partitioning AN - 16683419; 3691695 AB - Recent research has revealed that natural soil pipes provide important pathways for subsurface movement of water and solutes, as well as contributing to landslide initiation. A bench-scale experiment (in a sloping box 1 m in length) was conducted with a uniform sand to evaluate the effect of pipeflow on the overall hydrologic regime. A single drainage pipe (13 mm inside diameter (ID)) composed of five 20 cm segments, each with a different roughness coefficient (Manning's n), was placed 5 cm above the base of the 12.8 degree sloping box. Roughness elements were arranged in four different spatial combinations during hydraulic experiments. Piezometric levels were highest and pipeflow was lowest when the high-roughness (n = 0.325) portion of the pipe was located at the downslope end of the box. Measured values of pipeflow for different hydraulic gradients in each experiment were related to piezometric head above the pipe raised to the 0.32-0.42 power. Pipeflow was proportional to matrix flow in the soil above the pipe raised to the power of 0.4-0.6. These findings may be useful in estimating pipeflow in uniform soils and in validating two-domain models involving preferential flow in soils. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Sidle, R C AU - Kitahara, H AU - Terajima, T AU - Nakai, Y AD - USDA For. Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 860 N. 1200 E., Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 207 EP - 219 VL - 165 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - preferential flow KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - solute transport KW - subsurface drainage KW - landslides KW - pipe flow KW - groundwater movement KW - flow KW - hydrological regime KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16683419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Experimental+studies+on+the+effects+of+pipeflow+on+throughflow+partitioning&rft.au=Sidle%2C+R+C%3BKitahara%2C+H%3BTerajima%2C+T%3BNakai%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flow; solute transport; landslides; groundwater movement; hydrological regime; subsurface drainage; hydrology; pipe flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology of Peltoperla arcuata and Tallaperla maria (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) at the Fernow Experimental Forest, Tucker County, West Virginia AN - 16398651; 4315521 AB - We examined the abundance, life history, and production of the stoneflies Peltoperla arcuata and Tallaperla maria (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) in four forested headwater streams at the Fernow Experimental Forest, Tucker County, West Virginia. Peltoperla arcuata was most abundant in the smallest watersheds (200 hectares (ha), was restricted to sites with a baseflow alkalinity of >2 mg L super(-1) CaCO sub(3), and was the dominant peltoperlid only at sites with an alkalinity >15 mg L super(-1). We conclude that water chemistry overrides stream size as a determinant of species-specific distribution of Fernow peltoperlids. Both taxa had semivoltine life cycles with an 18-month naiadal period following a 6-month egg diapause. Emergence was during May-July for both species. Peltoperla arcuata had about 15 instars; T. maria had about 14 instars. Peltoperlid production was highest (509 mg m-2 y-1) in a 128 ha watershed where only P. arcuata was collected; P. arcuata production was lowest (17 mg m super(-2) y super(-1)) in a 4th order stream (1536 ha). Tallaperla maria production was highest (271 m super(-2) y super(-1)) in a 257 ha watershed partially underlain by limestone. Production across streams was higher for P. arcuata (205 mg m super(-2) y super(-1)) than for T. maria (91 mg m super(-2) y super(-1)). JF - Psyche (Cambridge, Massachusetts) AU - Yokum, KA AU - Angradi, T R AU - Tarter, D C AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 151 EP - 168 VL - 102 IS - 3-4 SN - 0033-2615, 0033-2615 KW - Plecoptera KW - Roachlike stoneflies KW - Stoneflies KW - USA, West Virginia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Life cycle KW - Streams KW - USA, West Virginia, Tucker Cty., Fernow Experimental Forest KW - Aquatic insects KW - Rivers KW - Population characteristics KW - Peltoperla arcuata KW - Peltoperlidae KW - Life history KW - Tallaperla maria KW - Population structure KW - Emergence KW - Environmental conditions KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16398651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psyche+%28Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%29&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Peltoperla+arcuata+and+Tallaperla+maria+%28Plecoptera%3A+Peltoperlidae%29+at+the+Fernow+Experimental+Forest%2C+Tucker+County%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Yokum%2C+KA%3BAngradi%2C+T+R%3BTarter%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Yokum&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psyche+%28Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%29&rft.issn=00332615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Life history; Population characteristics; Abundance; Life cycle; Population structure; Environmental conditions; Emergence; Streams; Aquatic insects; Peltoperlidae; Plecoptera; Tallaperla maria; Peltoperla arcuata; USA, West Virginia, Tucker Cty., Fernow Experimental Forest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple method for determination of mass loss rates for soil-contaminated samples in decomposition studies AN - 15967462; 4066991 AB - Soil contamination frequently causes large errors in estimates of decomposition rates. Existing methods for correcting for this error are costly and/or time-consuming. A new method is presented for determining the composition by weight of two constituents of a mixture from the oven-dry weight of the mixture (W sub(m)) and the gravimetric moisture contents of the mixture (g sub(m)) and pure subsamples of the two constituents (g sub( )and g sub(2)), based on the following equation: W sub(1) = W sub(m) super(*)(g sub(m) - g sub(2))/(g sub(1) - g sub(2)), where W sub(1) is the oven-dry weight of component 1. The method was validated using pre-weighed mixtures of cattle dung and soil. There was a highly significant relationship between the moisture content of the air-dry mixture and the proportion of dung by weight (p < 0.001: r super(2) = 0.999: n = 16). The moisture equilibration method for determination of weight loss rates for soil-contaminated samples offers the following advantages when compared with other methods (1) the only equipment needed is a balance and an oven: (2) very large samples can be utilized, minimizing or eliminating subsampling errors for the mixed samples: (3) no grinding is necessary. The method can also be applied to other types of samples, such as soil-contaminated roots. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Herrick, JE AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exptl. Range, NMSU Box 30003, Dep. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - Jan 1995 SP - 74 EP - 77 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - decomposition KW - soil contamination KW - soil moisture KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15967462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=Simple+method+for+determination+of+mass+loss+rates+for+soil-contaminated+samples+in+decomposition+studies&rft.au=Herrick%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil moisture; soil contamination; decomposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural byproducts as adsorbents for metal ions in laboratory prepared solutions and in manufacturing wastewater AN - 15903522; 4036559 AB - Byproducts of soybean and cottonseed hulls, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse were evaluated as metal ion adsorbents in aqueous solutions. Adsorption capacities were determined by adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir model. Their adsorption capacities for Zn(II) were: soybean hulls, cottonseed hulls > rice straw > sugarcane bagasse. Capacities varied from 0.52 to 0.06 meq/g dry weight of byproduct. Rice straw and sugarcane bagasse were not evaluated further in this study because of their low adsorption capacities ( less than or equal to 0.12 meq/g). At a subsaturating concentration of metal ion (100 mg/L), soybean and cottonseed hulls adsorbed high levels (95.6-99.7%) of Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) or Zn(II). The ability of soybean and cottonseed hulls to sequester metal ions was further evaluated with three different samples of manufacturing wastewater. These wastewaters had environmentally unacceptable concentrations of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART A: ENVIRON. SCI. ENG. TOXIC HAZARD. SUBST. CONTROL AU - Marshall, W E AU - Champagne, E T AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 241 EP - 261 VL - A30 IS - 2 SN - 0360-1266, 0360-1266 KW - agriculture wastes KW - agricultural wastes KW - isotherms KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - copper KW - wastewater treatment KW - byproducts KW - heavy metals KW - adsorption KW - nickel KW - adsorbents KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15903522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A%3A+ENVIRON.+SCI.+ENG.+TOXIC+HAZARD.+SUBST.+CONTROL&rft.atitle=Agricultural+byproducts+as+adsorbents+for+metal+ions+in+laboratory+prepared+solutions+and+in+manufacturing+wastewater&rft.au=Marshall%2C+W+E%3BChampagne%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=A30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A%3A+ENVIRON.+SCI.+ENG.+TOXIC+HAZARD.+SUBST.+CONTROL&rft.issn=03601266&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - byproducts; adsorbents; heavy metals; zinc; copper; nickel; wastewater treatment; adsorption; isotherms; agricultural wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats AN - 15866058; 4025239 AB - Fusaric acid is produced by several species of Fusarium, which commonly infect corn and other agricultural commodities. Since this mycotoxin may augment the effects of other Fusarium toxins, a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method of analysis in feeds was developed. Fusaric acid was analyzed as the trimethylsilyl-ester from F. moniliforme-cultures, -contaminated corn screenings, and feeds toxic to livestock. The mycotoxin was found in all samples and ranged from 0.43 to 12.39 mu g/g sample. Also, fusaric acid was tested for its neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats. Animals were dosed intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg body weight) 30 min prior to the onset of the dark phase (lights out) and the effects were studied at 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 h after treatment. Brain serotonin (5HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), tyrosine (TYRO), and dopamine (DA) were increased (P < 0.05) by fusaric acid, and norepinephrine (NEpi) was decreased (P < 0.05). Analogously, DA in the pineal gland increased and NEpi decreased (P < 0.05). Pineal N-acetylserotonin (NAc5HT) was increased (P < 0.05), whereas pineal 5HT and its two major metabolites 5HIAA and 5-hydroxytrytophol (5HTOL) decreased (P < 0.05). Elevated brain TYRO and brain and pineal DA, with decreased NEpi, may be consistent with fusaric acid's partial inhibitory effect on tyrosine-hydroxylase and its inhibitory effect on dopamine- beta -hydroxylase, respectively. Elevated pineal Nac5HT is consistent with decreased pineal 5HT and the increased pineal DA, and support the dopaminergic stimulatory activity of the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 5HT to NAc5HT. This is the first report of fusaric acid's in vivo effect on pineal DA, NEpi, 5HT, and NAc5HT in rats, and a relation for the effects on TYRO, 5HT, and 5HIAA in brain tissue. The results indicate fusaric acid alters brain and pineal neurotransmitters and may contribute to the toxic effects of Fusarium-contaminated feeds. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Porter, J K AU - Bacon, C W AU - Wray, E M AU - Hagler, WM Jr AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA/ARS, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605-5677, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 91 EP - 100 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - rats KW - feeds KW - livestock KW - animals KW - brain KW - fusaric acid KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - pineal gland KW - mycotoxins KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+cultures%2C+corn%2C+and+feeds+toxic+to+livestock+and+the+neurochemical+effects+in+the+brain+and+pineal+gland+of+rats&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BWray%2C+E+M%3BHagler%2C+WM+Jr&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; feeds; livestock; animals; brain; pineal gland; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid-culture pH, temperature, and carbon (not nitrogen) source regulate phenazine productivity of the take-all biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 AN - 15776088; 3981966 AB - Strain 2-79 is a biocontrol agent against take-all, an important disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In the rhizosphere, it produces the antibiotic phenazine 1-carboxylic acid (PCA) as the primary means of disease suppression. One barrier to commercial use of phenazine-producing pseudomonads, like strain 2-79, is the lack of liquid-culture technology for mass production. For instance, there is little published research concerning the impact of liquid-culture secondary metabolism on the biocontrol qualities of the cell harvest, i.e., efficacy, phytotoxicity, and storage survival. Yet it is important to know whether the fermentation process should be designed to enhance or eliminate secondary metabolite accumulation. To enable future exploration of this issue, we identified liquid-culture parameters that could be manipulated to control the phenazine productivity of strain 2-79. Our results indicated that PCA accumulation was very sensitive to the culture pH and temperature. It was possible to produce large cell populations with either high or low phenazine productivity by choosing to control culture pH at 7 and 8 respectively. Although high cell accumulations were achieved over the broad 25-34 degree C range studied, high, moderate, or low PCA productivities were observed at 25-27 degree C, 29-32.5 degree C, or 34 degree C respectively. When pH was controlled at 7, specific PCA productions at 25 degree C could be modulated by the choice of carbon source supplied. PCA accumulation per unit biomass reached 0.31 g/g on glucose, 0.16 g/g on glycerol and xylose, and only 0.09 g/g on fructose. Although the nitrogen source was also tested as a variable, it had little influence on culture PCA productivity under controlled pH. (DBO) JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Slininger, P J AU - Shea-Wilbur, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 794 EP - 800 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Gauemannomyces graminis tritici KW - phenazine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - take-all KW - biological control KW - liquid culture KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15776088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Liquid-culture+pH%2C+temperature%2C+and+carbon+%28not+nitrogen%29+source+regulate+phenazine+productivity+of+the+take-all+biocontrol+agent+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+2-79&rft.au=Slininger%2C+P+J%3BShea-Wilbur%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Slininger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - take-all; biological control; liquid culture; Pseudomonas fluorescens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen accumulation of six groups of sorghum grown on a municipal biosolids use site AN - 15767670; 3980827 AB - Groundwater contamination with nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)) is a current problem in the U.S. Sources of contamination include disposal of municipal biosolids. Because sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is an efficient scavenger of nitrogen (N) from the soil, its production on soils that receive biosolids may reduce N accumulation in those soils. An experiment was conducted to determine the amount of N accumulated by six types of sorghum. Three hybrids each of six types of sorghum (tropical, forage, sudangrass, sorghum x sudangrass, grain, and sweet) were evaluated for N accumulation on a municipal biosolids disposal site. Tropical sorghum and sorghum x sudangrass had the highest dry matter production and accumulated the most N. Nitrogen accumulation was largely a function of dry matter yield. Biomass produced was only adequate for beef maintenance diets but may be a useful biomass source for ethanol production from cellulose.(DBO) JF - Water Environment Research AU - Pedersen, J F AU - Moore, K J AU - Schroth, S AU - Walters, D T AD - USDA-ARS Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Res., 344 Keim Hall, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1076 EP - 1080 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - dry matter KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - bioaccumulation KW - nitrogen KW - waste management KW - sorghum KW - solid wastes KW - animal wastes KW - nitrates KW - livestock KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15767670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+accumulation+of+six+groups+of+sorghum+grown+on+a+municipal+biosolids+use+site&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+J+F%3BMoore%2C+K+J%3BSchroth%2C+S%3BWalters%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1076&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorghum; nitrogen; groundwater pollution; nitrates; solid wastes; bioaccumulation; dry matter; animal wastes; livestock; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of delayed harvest on contamination of pearl millet grain with mycotoxin-producing fungi and mycotoxins AN - 15765832; 3981899 AB - The response to delayed harvest of fungal and mycotoxin contamination of grain of the pearl millet hybrid HGM 100 was examined in 1992 and 1993. Samples of grain were assayed from seven plantings at locations near Tifton, Georgia, USA. Grain was harvested at 30, 40, and 50 days after anthesis and evaluated for infection by Fusarium species and Aspergillus flavus, and mycotoxin contamination. Mean isolation frequencies of F. semitectum (35.6%) and F. chlamydosporum (17.2%) increased linearly with delayed harvest. Fusarium moniliforme and F. equisiti were infrequently isolated (<0.5%) and did not increase in the grain when harvest was delayed. Low mean concentrations of zearalenone (0.17 ppm), nivalenol (0.42 ppm), and deoxynivalenol (0.01 ppm) were detected but were not affected by delayed harvest. Isolation frequencies of F. chlamydosporum and F. equiseti were correlated (P = 0.07) with levels of nivalenol. Aspergillus flavus was not isolated from the grain, and aflatoxin concentrations averaged 1.9 ppb. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Wilson, J P AU - Casper, H H AU - Wilson, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 27 EP - 30 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - fungi KW - harvesting KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15765832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Effect+of+delayed+harvest+on+contamination+of+pearl+millet+grain+with+mycotoxin-producing+fungi+and+mycotoxins&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BCasper%2C+H+H%3BWilson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pennisetum glaucum; harvesting; mycotoxins; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial entomopathogens from the Drosophila paulistorum semispecies complex AN - 15764050; 3981705 AB - Bacteria which are infectious by inoculation in lepidoptera have been isolated and characterized from semispecies comprising the Drosophila paulistorum complex. These microorganisms are pathogenic toward lepidopteran hosts such as Heliothis virescens when introduced by injection of Drosophila tissue extracts and have been given the trivial name DpLE (D. paulistorum lepidopteran entomopathogen). The DpLE from two of the semispecies, Transitional and Andean, were determined to be related to Proteus vulgaris based upon nucleotide sequence comparisons of 16S rDNA genes. Infectivity and 16S rDNA-based PCR assays showed the bacterium to be localized in a number of drosophilid tissues except adult heads and thoraces. Based upon similar experiments, the DpLE in transinfected Heliothis larvae were found in all tissues assayed prior to the onset of mortality. Stocks of Drosophila which had spontaneously lost DpLE continued to produce sterile sons when crossed with incompatible semispecies' females, confirming that the bacilliform DpLE is not the causative agent of the Drosophila paulistorum intersemispecific hybrid male sterility. Acquisition of the sequences of the 16S rDNA molecules of DpLE from all six semispecies permitted the construction of a phylogenetic tree in which the groupings were found not to be congruent with the phylogenies of their insect hosts. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Miller, S G AU - Campbell, B C AU - Becnel, J AU - Ehrman, L AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 125 EP - 131 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - pathogens KW - Heliothis KW - Proteus vulgaris KW - Drosophila paulistorum KW - bacteria KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15764050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+entomopathogens+from+the+Drosophila+paulistorum+semispecies+complex&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+G%3BCampbell%2C+B+C%3BBecnel%2C+J%3BEhrman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drosophila paulistorum; Heliothis; Proteus vulgaris; bacteria; biological control; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of seasonal placement of Cotesia melanoscela (Hym.: Braconidae) on its potential for effective augmentative release against Lymantria dispar (Lep.: Lymantriidae) AN - 15753170; 3981411 AB - Cohorts of Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) cocoons were exposed in the field at three Maryland locations to attack by natural enemies for two week periods, then were held in an outdoor insectary until C. melanoscela adult or hyperparasitoid emergence. The timing of placement of the C. melanoscela cocoons in the field had a profound effect on the number of C. melanoscela that survived and emerged as adults in synchrony with the field occurrence of susceptible early-instar Lymantria dispar (L.) larvae. The proportion of emerged adults available during susceptible host stages ranged from 1-92%, depending on dates of release. November or December placements of C. melanoscela cocoons were most effective with 74-92% emergence of adults during peak periods of susceptible host stages. Spring placements were least effective. The causes of ineffective placement, which varied with location and with date, were program (handling) loss, non-emergence, attack by hyperparasitoids, predation, and C. melanoscela adult emergence at times when appropriate L. dispar life stages would not be present. We concluded that November/December releases avoided natural enemies and promoted appropriate diapause and post-diapause development that enhanced survival and synchrony of adult emergence with host stage susceptibility. JF - Entomophaga AU - Wieber, A M AU - Webb, R E AU - Ridgway, R L AU - Thorpe, K W AU - Reardon, R C AU - Kolodny-Hirsch, D M AU - Tatman, K M AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 281 EP - 292 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Braconidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - seasonal variations KW - Cotesia melanoscela KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Effect+of+seasonal+placement+of+Cotesia+melanoscela+%28Hym.%3A+Braconidae%29+on+its+potential+for+effective+augmentative+release+against+Lymantria+dispar+%28Lep.%3A+Lymantriidae%29&rft.au=Wieber%2C+A+M%3BWebb%2C+R+E%3BRidgway%2C+R+L%3BThorpe%2C+K+W%3BReardon%2C+R+C%3BKolodny-Hirsch%2C+D+M%3BTatman%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Wieber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; Cotesia melanoscela; Braconidae; Hymenoptera; seasonal variations; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An experimental study of nest predation in a subtropical wet forest following hurricane disturbance AN - 15751274; 3974623 AB - We used artificial nest experiments to study rates and patterns of egg predation in subtropical wet and lower montane wet forest on the island of Puerto Rico. Levels of depredation were higher for ground nests than for elevated nests, but we found no difference in rates of egg predation between forest edge (5-50 m) and forest interior (100-250 m) nests. We quantified 25 forest vegetation variables surrounding ground and elevated, forest interior nests, and correlated nest success with these vegetation parameters. Utilizing discriminant function analysis, nest success was correctly classified in 59% of cases (for ground nests) using two vegetation variables (shrub density and vegetation in the 2.5-3.0 m foliage height class), and in 71% of cases (for elevated nests) using six vegetation variables (canopy cover, vegetation in the 0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-1.5, and 3.0-4.0 m foliage height classes, and Cecropia tree density). Our data suggest that the absence of an induced edge effect is the result of the creation of canopy openings and early successional vegetative associations in a matrix across the forest following hurricane disturbance in 1989. Comparative data suggest that the high rates of egg predation recorded here may be typical for insular forest habitats. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Latta, S C AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AU - Terranova, E AU - Pagan, M AD - Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box B, Palmer, PR 00721, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 590 EP - 602 VL - 107 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - Aves KW - environmental factors KW - predation KW - nests KW - hurricanes KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=An+experimental+study+of+nest+predation+in+a+subtropical+wet+forest+following+hurricane+disturbance&rft.au=Latta%2C+S+C%3BWunderle%2C+JM+Jr%3BTerranova%2C+E%3BPagan%2C+M&rft.aulast=Latta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=590&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; nests; predation; environmental factors; hurricanes; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of elastinolytic activity among isolates in Aspergillus section flavi AN - 15750921; 3979816 AB - A survey of the distribution of elastinolytic potential among 32 culture collection isolates of Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, A. sojae, A. nomius, and A. tamarii revealed this character to be highly conserved within Aspergillus Section Flavi. Furthermore, 144 isolates of A. flavus from environmental samples from six separate regions of the United States produced elastase on solid medium. Most previously described polymorphisms in elastinolytic potential were attributed to the toxicity of borate buffers. Replacement of borate with HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) resulted in detection of elastase production on solid medium by all tested fungal isolates except two that had been in culture over 50 years. In liquid culture, only isolates of A. flavus, A. tamarii, and A. oryzae accumulated elastase activity. Although isoelectric focusing revealed only one isoform (pI 9.0) of elastase in these culture filtrates, elastinolytic activity in filtrates was partially inhibited by both 1,10-phenanthrolene (2 mM) and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (2 mM), suggesting the presence of both metallo and serine elastinolytic proteinases. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Mellon, JE AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 115 EP - 120 VL - 131 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - elastase KW - proteinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - aspergillosis KW - media (culture) KW - Aspergillus KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15750921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Expression+of+elastinolytic+activity+among+isolates+in+Aspergillus+section+flavi&rft.au=Mellon%2C+JE%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; media (culture); aspergillosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of mutational spectrum of the pesticide, captan, with an improved set of Escherichia coli LacZ mutants AN - 15750457; 3979736 AB - The mutational spectrum of the fungicide, captan, was determined using a set of improved Escherichia coli lacZ mutants. Captan created mutations mostly at dA-dT sites (83%) with only 17% occurring at dG-dC sites. The hydrolysis products of captan do not appear to be mutagenic because samples of captan at different hydrolysis stages showed basically the same mutational spectra: 31% of AT arrow right CG transversions, 8% of GC arrow right AT transitions, 2% of GC arrow right CG transversions, 8% of GC arrow right TA transversions, 19% of AT arrow right TA transversions, and 32% of AT arrow right GC transitions. Prepared solutions of captan lost their mutational activity gradually over time, indicating that the rate of decrease in mutagenicity agreed with the kinetics of captan hydrolysis reported in other studies. Using the change in mutagenicity to predict degradation, the hydrolysis of captan in pH 7.0 buffer was about three times faster than the hydrolysis carried out in pH 4.5 buffer. To our knowledge, this is the first presentation of mutational spectrum of captan. JF - MUTAT. RES.-GENET. TOXICOL. AU - Lu, C AU - Pfeil, R M AU - Rice, C P AD - Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 219 EP - 227 VL - 343 IS - 4 SN - 0165-1218, 0165-1218 KW - captan KW - LacZ gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Escherichia coli KW - mutagenicity testing KW - pesticides KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15750457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MUTAT.+RES.-GENET.+TOXICOL.&rft.atitle=Determination+of+mutational+spectrum+of+the+pesticide%2C+captan%2C+with+an+improved+set+of+Escherichia+coli+LacZ+mutants&rft.au=Lu%2C+C%3BPfeil%2C+R+M%3BRice%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MUTAT.+RES.-GENET.+TOXICOL.&rft.issn=01651218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pesticides; mutagenicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and its parasitoids from Alaska AN - 15741292; 3975176 AB - The larch sawfly and four parasitoids were reared in the laboratory from cocoons collected in Alaska for two consecutive years. Emergence of adult sawflies exceeded thirty percent each year. The number of parasitoids emerging was four times greater from the 1993 collection than from the subsequent year. Twelve Tritneptis klugii (Ratzeburg) emerged from one cocoon of the 1993 collection. The emergence of Delomerista laevis (Gravehorst) from the same collection established a new host record. Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley was the most common parasitoid that emerged from cocoons collected in 1993, and the only one that emerged from cocoons collected in 1994. JF - Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia AU - Richmond, JA AU - Werner, R A AU - Drooz, A T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 25 EP - 28 VL - 92 SN - 0071-0733, 0071-0733 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Pristiphora erichsonii KW - Ichneumonidae KW - parasitoids KW - Tenthredinidae KW - Tachinidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15741292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.atitle=Larch+sawfly%2C+Pristiphora+erichsonii+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Tenthredinidae%29+and+its+parasitoids+from+Alaska&rft.au=Richmond%2C+JA%3BWerner%2C+R+A%3BDrooz%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.issn=00710733&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pristiphora erichsonii; Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae; Tachinidae; Ichneumonidae; Pteromalidae; USA, Alaska; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining remote sensing and modeling for estimating surface evaporation and biomass production AN - 15728267; 221457 AB - A simple approach for simulation of daily regional evaporation and plant primary production is proposed. The approach is based on an existing plant growth model combined with a simple soil water balance equation for simulation of evaporation rates. The resulting model was specifically designed to incorporate periodic remotely-sensed estimates of plant leaf area index (LAI) and daily surface evaporation (E). The model was evaluated based on spectral, meteorologic, agronomic and soils data acquired during a two-year experiment in an alfalfa stand at the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory lysimeter field plots in Phoenix, Arizona. The remotely-sensed inputs to the model (LAI and E) were obtained from measurements of surface reflectance and temperature, combined with measurements of air temperature. Then, the model was used to simulate daily values of E, LAI and biomass production using infrequently-acquired remotely-sensed information and routinely available meteorologic observations. These results illustrated the potential for use of ground- and satellite-based spectral measurements as supplemental input for a simulation model to monitor, assess and forecast regional water and plant biomass resources. JF - Remote Sensing Reviews AU - Moran, MSusan AU - Maas, Stephan J AU - Pinter, Paul JJr AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Lab, Phoenix, AZ, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 335 EP - 353 PB - HARWOOD ACADEMIC PUBL, LONDON, (ENGL) VL - 12 IS - 3-4 SN - 0275-7257, 0275-7257 KW - Atmospheric spectra KW - Atmospheric temperature KW - Biomass production KW - Computer simulation KW - Estimation KW - Plant growth model KW - Plant leaf area index KW - Plants (botany) KW - Soil water balance equation KW - Soils KW - Surface evaporation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Surfaces KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Biomass KW - Satellites KW - Data acquisition KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 821.5:AGRICULTURAL WASTES KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15728267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+Reviews&rft.atitle=Combining+remote+sensing+and+modeling+for+estimating+surface+evaporation+and+biomass+production&rft.au=Moran%2C+MSusan%3BMaas%2C+Stephan+J%3BPinter%2C+Paul+JJr&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=MSusan&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+Reviews&rft.issn=02757257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Surfaces; Evapotranspiration; Biomass; Satellites; Data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining the thickness of layers of materials by dielectric-constant measurements AN - 15721549; 207847 AB - Dielectric constant sensors are being studied as possible noninvasive tools for determining the fat content of beef cattle and carcasses by measuring the thickness and dielectric constant of the subcutaneous fat layer. A technique was developed which used coaxial dielectric constant sensors operating at 50 to 150 MHz to measure the thickness and dielectric constant of a layer of one material backed by a second material. The dielectric constant of the backing material must be known at least approximately and must be substantially different from that of the first material. Either two different backing materials or two sensors of different sizes are required. The prototype sensors were able to make accurate measurements on layers of acrylic plastic up to 4 cm thick. Experiments on layers of adipose tissue and lean meat were less successful, partly due to difficulty in obtaining slices of lean and adipose tissue of known, uniform thickness and excluding air from between the slices. Sensitivity of the prototype sensors to mechanical disturbance must be overcome to make them suitable for use outside the laboratory. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Buck, N L AU - Groff, G P AD - USDA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1903 EP - 1910 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Acrylics KW - Adipose tissue KW - Backing materials KW - Beef cattle KW - Carcasses KW - Coaxial dielectric constant sensors KW - Lean meats KW - Meats KW - Nondestructive examination KW - Oils and fats KW - Permittivity measurement KW - Thickness measurement KW - Tissue KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Models KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 943.2:MECHANICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15721549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Determining+the+thickness+of+layers+of+materials+by+dielectric-constant+measurements&rft.au=Buck%2C+N+L%3BGroff%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodeterioration of nonwoven fabrics AN - 15699029; 201756 AB - The use of nonwoven fabrics in disposable, convenience products generates high quantities of wastes that are not biodegradable. Synthetic fibers provide a major source of materials for these disposable products. Because synthetics are generally less biodegradable than natural fibers, it appears that for maximum degradability, natural fibers are a likely choice of materials for disposable goods. To compare rates of biodeterioration for natural and synthetic fibers, we examined changes in the structure and strength of nonwoven fabrics containing cotton and polypropylene, a synthetic fiber widely used in nonwovens, after controlled exposure of fabrics to fungi normally found in soil. Fungi grew extensively only on cotton fibers. Fungal growth rates were highest on 100% cotton and decreased to zero on 100% polypropylene. Significant losses in strength occurred only in samples with a high cotton content. Progression of cotton fiber deterioration was followed using the microscope until only polypropylene fibers remained in the fabrics. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Goynes, Wilton R AU - Moreau, Jerry P AU - DeLucca, Anthony J AU - Ingber, Bruce F AD - USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 489 EP - 494 PB - TEXTILE RESEARCH INST, PRINCETON, NJ, (USA) VL - 65 IS - 8 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Biodeterioration KW - Cotton fiber deterioration KW - Fungal growth rates KW - Losses KW - Maximum degradability KW - Natural fibers KW - Polypropylene fibers KW - Polypropylenes KW - Strength of materials KW - Structure (composition) KW - Synthetic fibers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Fungi KW - Microscopes KW - W4 819.1:NATURAL FIBERS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 819.2:SYNTHETIC FIBERS KW - W4 819.5:TEXTILE PRODUCTS AND PROCESSING KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15699029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Biodeterioration+of+nonwoven+fabrics&rft.au=Goynes%2C+Wilton+R%3BMoreau%2C+Jerry+P%3BDeLucca%2C+Anthony+J%3BIngber%2C+Bruce+F&rft.aulast=Goynes&rft.aufirst=Wilton&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Microscopes; Fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular mechanisms of aluminum toxicity and resistance in plants AN - 15693420; 3962738 AB - Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop productivity on acid soils, which comprise up to 40% of the world's arable lands. Also, many native and crop plants exhibit genetic-based variability in Al sensitivity that has allowed plant breeders to develop Al-resistant crops. Considerable research has been directed to elucidating the mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance in recent years. However, these processes are still poorly understood. This review examines our current understanding of cellular mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance. The major symptom of Al toxicity is a rapid inhibition of root growth, which has been proposed to be caused by a number of different mechanisms, including Al interactions within the cell wall, the plasma membrane, or the root symplasm. Al resistance has been speculated to be the result of either exclusion of Al from the root apex or the tolerance of symplasmic Al. This review focuses on those mechanisms for which some evidence exists as well as on some controversial aspects of Al phytotoxicity and resistance. (DBO) JF - Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology AU - Kochian, LV AD - US Plant, Soil and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 237 EP - 260 VL - 46 SN - 0066-4294, 0066-4294 KW - aluminum KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - plants KW - soil KW - X 24166:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15693420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Plant+Physiology+and+Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cellular+mechanisms+of+aluminum+toxicity+and+resistance+in+plants&rft.au=Kochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Kochian&rft.aufirst=LV&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Plant+Physiology+and+Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=00664294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; plants; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface mobility of metribuzin as affected by crop residue placement and tillage method AN - 15692158; 3965083 AB - The role of crop residues as a sorptive layer for herbicides applied in conservation tillage systems is not well understood. The organic mulch may retain herbicides and decrease chemical mobility and off-site transport. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of surface placement of crop residues on herbicide mobility in Norge silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Udic Paleustoll). In the field, four treatments were established that included no-till plots with all crop residues removed (NTRR), residues left standing (NTRS), residues cut and laid flat on ground (NTRF), and plots that were moldboard plowed to incorporate residues (MT). An application of 1.15 kg/ha of metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one] and 50 kg/ha of potassium bromide was made. Soil cores were taken to 1-m depth following an initial sprinkler irrigation and natural rainfalls. Wheat residues intercepted metribuzin and attenuated subsurface movement in NT soils. Standing crop residues or residues placed flat on the soil surface resulted in more metribuzin in the near-surface zone; centers of mass of concentration distributions in NTRS and NTRF soils showed that metribuzin moved only 47 to 62% of the distance observed in MT soil after 45 and 175 mm of precipitation, respectively. Addition of straw matter to soil and elevated organic C concentrations in the near-surface zone of no-till soils resulted in two- to fivefold increase in metribuzin retention. Therefore, placement geometry of crop residues and the retention capacity of the near-surface zone could be managed to attenuate metribuzin mobility in the field to achieve optimal herbicidal functions and dissipation. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Dao, TH AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 1199, El Reno, OK 73036, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1193 EP - 1198 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - agricultural chemicals KW - soil contamination KW - herbicides KW - crops KW - soil conservation KW - leaching KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15692158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Subsurface+mobility+of+metribuzin+as+affected+by+crop+residue+placement+and+tillage+method&rft.au=Dao%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Dao&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; soil conservation; solute transport; agricultural chemicals; soil contamination; leaching; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen infiltration from horizontal silo unloading practices AN - 15691585; 195214 AB - Three bunker silos (two corn, one alfalfa) were unloaded with both a skid-steer loader and a silo unloader which milled the face. Gas, temperature, and core samples were taken from each silo at four heights (50 cm from floor and top, two intermediate locations) and four depths from the face (12.5, 25, 50, 100 cm). Oxygen levels in the gas samples were 1.1 to 2.2 percentage units on a volume basis higher on the skid-steer side, resulting from the increased surface area (8, 10, and 26% for the two corn and one alfalfa silos, respectively) and porosity of the silage at the face (4, 29, and 92%, respectively) caused by this unloading scheme. Aerobic microbial counts were low in all three silos. However, yeasts and acetic acid bacteria were higher in the skid-steer core samples. In the alfalfa silo and the corn silo sampled in summer, total fermentation products were 22 and 7 g/kg DM lower in the skid-steer core samples, respectively, suggesting somewhat higher aerobic losses with this unloading method. Overall, differences in the characteristics of the silages removed by the two unloaders in this study were small. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Muck, R E AU - Huhnke, R L AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - ASAE, ST. JOSEPH, MI, (USA) VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Aerobic deterioration KW - Aerobic losses KW - Agricultural machinery KW - Bunker silos KW - Oxygen KW - Silage KW - Silo unloaders KW - Silos (agricultural) KW - Skid steer loaders KW - Thermal effects KW - Yeast KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Biodegradation KW - Infiltration KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 821.6:FARM BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 691.2:MATERIALS HANDLING METHODS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15691585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Oxygen+infiltration+from+horizontal+silo+unloading+practices&rft.au=Muck%2C+R+E%3BHuhnke%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Muck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Biodegradation; Infiltration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of feeding fumonisin B sub(1) in lactating sows and their suckling pigs AN - 15688253; 3970286 AB - The mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) produced by Fusarium moniliforme in corn causes pulmonary edema in finishing swine. Effects of lower nonlethal amounts and effects in lactating sows with suckling pigs are unknown. An initial study was conducted to determine a nonlethal concentration of FB sub(1) for lactating sows; whether ingested FB sub(1) could be detected in the milk; and whether toxicosis could be detected in the pigs, as determined by necropsy. Another study was conducted to determine toxicosis in the pigs by measuring liver sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio, and whether ingested FB sub(1) affected T-lymphocyte function in sows and their pigs. Furthermore, sows of this study were maintained in controlled hot (27 to 32 C, 50 to 70% relative humidity) and thermoneutral (21 C, 55% relative humidity) environments to determine whether high temperature exacerbated the effects of FB sub(1). In the first study, 100 mu g of FB sub(1)/g of corn soybean meal diet was found to be nonlethal when fed for 14 days. Fumonisin B sub(1) was not detected in the milk at 30 ppb and lesions were not found in the necropsied pigs, including 1 from a sow that died of porcine pulmonary edema syndrome after ingesting FB sub(1) at a concentration of 175 ppm. In the second study, differences in liver sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio of pigs were not found. Expressions of cell surface antigens on blood lymphocytes and lymphocyte proliferation response to various mitogens were not affected by FB sub(1) or high temperature in sows or their pigs. The results indicated that when sows ingested nonlethal concentrations of FB sub(1) for 17 days, there were no detectable amounts of FB sub(1) in the sows' milk and no evidence of toxicosis in their pigs; no significant effect of FB sub(1) on T-lymphocyte function in sows and pigs; and no enhanced toxic effects of FB sub(1) attributable to high temperatures. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Becker, BA AU - Pace, L AU - Rottinghaus, GE AU - Shelby, R AU - Misfeldt, M AU - Ross, P F AD - USDA-ARS, Anim. Physiol. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1253 EP - 1258 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - pigs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - lactation KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15688253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+lactating+sows+and+their+suckling+pigs&rft.au=Becker%2C+BA%3BPace%2C+L%3BRottinghaus%2C+GE%3BShelby%2C+R%3BMisfeldt%2C+M%3BRoss%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; lactation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes on beef as affected by temperature AN - 15685357; 3963857 AB - Longissimus dorsi from beef was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and the effect of gamma irradiation on the survival of this pathogen at -60 to +15 degree C was determined. Radiation D-values were determined for inactivation of L. monocytogenes at 5 degree C intervals from -20 to 5 degree C. These data were used to develop an equation to predict the response to gamma radiation within that range. An abrupt increase in resistance occurred at -5 degree C. The radiation D-value was 0.45 kGy at 0 degree C, 0.77 kGy at -5 degree C and 1.21 kGy at -20 degree C. A straight line was obtained when the log sub(10) of the D-values from -5 to -20 degree C was plotted vs the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. This led us to calculate a value analogous to the Arrhenius activation energy for inactivation of L. monocytogenes by gamma radiation. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., Food Safety Res. Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 237 EP - 240 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - radiosensitivity KW - beef KW - preservation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15685357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Radiation+sensitivity+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+beef+as+affected+by+temperature&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; beef; radiosensitivity; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of cucumbers without sodium chloride AN - 15683627; 3963858 AB - Cucumbers were successfully fermented and stored in the absence of sodium chloride (salt) under laboratory conditions, provided the fruit were blanched (3 min, 77 degree C) before brining in a calcium acetate buffer and the brine inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum. Bloater formation was prevented by blanching even when brines were not purged of CO sub(2). Firmness of cucumbers was similar in salt-free brines or those containing salt after 1 mo, but firmness of salt-free cucumbers was lower after storage for 12 mos. Under pilot-scale, commercial conditions, however, the cucumbers were severely bloated, and the firmness was unacceptable after storage for 7 mo, due apparently to microbial recontamination after blanching. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Fleming, H P AU - McDonald, L C AU - McFeeters, R F AU - Thompson, R L AU - Humphries, E G AD - Food Fermentation Lab., USDA/ARS, and North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv., Dep. Food Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 312 EP - 315 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fermented food KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15683627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+cucumbers+without+sodium+chloride&rft.au=Fleming%2C+H+P%3BMcDonald%2C+L+C%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F%3BThompson%2C+R+L%3BHumphries%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis sativus; Lactobacillus plantarum; fermentation; fermented food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successes in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts AN - 15681467; 3970076 AB - Within the last 30 to 40 years, major progress has been made in developing cultivars with superior, more sustainable resistance to the rusts, and in the application of improved methods of managing that resistance. Consequently, rust epidemics have been infrequent, and when they have occurred, damage caused by the rusts has been less severe and less extensive. The following is a brief discussion of some of the successes and a few of the failures in controlling the rusts. The information is based on firsthand knowledge of the rusts and corroborative information from many other rust specialists. Emphasis will be on control of the diseases in North America. JF - Plant Disease AU - Line, R F AU - Chen, Xianming AD - USDA-ARS, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1254 EP - 1255 VL - 79 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - North America KW - Triticum aestivum KW - plant breeding KW - rust KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15681467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Successes+in+breeding+for+and+managing+durable+resistance+to+wheat+rusts&rft.au=Line%2C+R+F%3BChen%2C+Xianming&rft.aulast=Line&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; North America; disease resistance; rust; plant breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heritability of resistance to leaf spot caused by Septoria spraguei in Russian wildrye AN - 15675308; 3962504 AB - A leaf-spot disease of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski] caused by Septoria spraguei Uecker & J.M. Krupinsky has the potential to reduce forage quality and yield, particularly in subhumid portions of the northern Great Plains region of the USA and Canada. This study was conducted to estimate heritability of resistance to S. sparaguei and to measure the correlation between disease ratings in greenhouse and field environments. Twenty-five parent clones and their respective half-sib families were inoculated with S. spraguei in a greenhouse environment and subjected to natural infection in a field nursery. In the greenhouse, narrow-sense heritability (h super(2)) estimates from the regression of half-sib family means on parent means were 0.57, 0.79, and 0.72, respectively, for lesion number, lesion size, and percentage necrosis ratings on leaf blades. Heritability estimates in the field environment were 0.22, 0.57, and 0.36, respectively, for lesion number, lesion size, and percentage necrosis. Lesion size was the only rating for which the entry x year interaction was nonsignificant in the field for both parents and half-sib families. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between greenhouse and field environments for lesion size means of half-sib families was 0.61**. Recurrent phenotypic selection for small lesion size among half-sib families inoculated with S. spraguei in a single greenhouse environment should be effective in improving resistance to this leaf-spot disease in Russian wildrye. JF - Crop Science AU - Berdahl, J D AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 735 EP - 738 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Septoria spraguei KW - Psathyrostachys juncea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - leafspot KW - plant protection KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15675308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Heritability+of+resistance+to+leaf+spot+caused+by+Septoria+spraguei+in+Russian+wildrye&rft.au=Berdahl%2C+J+D%3BKrupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Berdahl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant protection; disease resistance; leafspot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of beta -galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and Kluyveromyces lactis in dry milk powders AN - 15673774; 3963397 AB - A milk-based beverage powder with 2% vegetable fat and reduced levels of lactose is needed by some segments of the consumer market as well as military units. To provide such, two commercial beta -galactosidases were dry-blended into milk powders made with coconut, cottonseed, canola or sunflower oils and stored at -20, 4, 25, and 45 degree C. Enzyme activity was measured monthly by reconstituting the powders and measuring freezing point depression after incubation at 32 degree C (optimum for beta -galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis) and incubation at 50 degree C with pH adjusted to 5.0 (for activity of Aspergillus oryzae enzyme). Both enzymes retained >95% of original activity at -20 and 4 degree C. Activity of K. lactis enzyme declined moderately at room temperature ( approximately 23 degree C) and rapidly at 45 degree C. The A. oryzae enzyme retained 93.4% of original activity after 6 mo at 45 degree C. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Palumbo AU - Smith, P W AU - Strange, ED AU - Van Hekken, DL AU - Tunick, M H AU - Holsinger, V H AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 117 EP - 119 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - beta -galactosidase KW - dry milk KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus oryzae KW - milk KW - cow's milk KW - Kluyveromyces lactis KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15673774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Stability+of+beta+-galactosidase+from+Aspergillus+oryzae+and+Kluyveromyces+lactis+in+dry+milk+powders&rft.au=Palumbo%3BSmith%2C+P+W%3BStrange%2C+ED%3BVan+Hekken%2C+DL%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BHolsinger%2C+V+H&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus oryzae; Kluyveromyces lactis; cow's milk; milk ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imbibition response of winter wheat to water-filled pore space AN - 15672298; 3959867 AB - Reduced temperature and increased bulk density associated with conservation tillage systems cause lower seed germination, seedling emergence, and early growth rates resulting in reduced plant stands. Prediction of the influence of soil condition on seed imbibition through simple soil measurements would help make agronomic decisions such as planting date and/or density. Our objectives were to evaluate the influence of soil water-filled pore space on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed imbibition and to assess the possibility of describing the relationship through simple mathematical models. We measured the rate of water uptake by heat-killed wheat seeds at three levels of water-filled pore space (WFPS: 0.35, 0.60, and 0.85) and temperature (T: 278, 283, and 288 K) and two levels of bulk density ( rho sub(b): 1.25 and 1.40 Mg m super(-3)) in a Sharpsburg silty clay loam topsoil. The model proposed in 1972 by Blacklow to estimate seed water content ( theta sub(s)) after imbibing water for time t, theta sub(s(t)) = (m + ot) - (m - theta sub(s(0))) e super(-qt), was fitted to seed water content as a function of time and initial seed water content, theta sub(s(0)). This equation adequately described the process of water absorption (for 18 treatment combinations, R super(2) greater than or equal to 0.963). The model parameter o was related (R super(2) = 0.88) to WFPS and rho sub(b), and q was related (R super(2) = 0.78) to T and WFPS. The third parameter, m, was significantly but weakly related (P < 0.01, r super(2) = 0.26) to initial seed weight. We showed that easily measured soil properties and simple mathematical models can be used to predict wheat seed imbibition under a variety of soil conditions. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Studdert, G A AU - Wilhelm, W W AU - Power, J F AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Agron., Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0938, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 995 EP - 1000 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - imbibition KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - wheat KW - soil temperature KW - absorption KW - growth rates KW - density KW - seeds KW - mathematical models KW - experimental data KW - interstitial water KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15672298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Imbibition+response+of+winter+wheat+to+water-filled+pore+space&rft.au=Studdert%2C+G+A%3BWilhelm%2C+W+W%3BPower%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Studdert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil temperature; interstitial water; wheat; mathematical models; experimental data; soil water; seeds; density; growth rates; absorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measured and simulated surface soil drying AN - 15671928; 3959860 AB - The USDA initiated the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to develop improved technology for predicting wind erosion. A HYDROLOGY submodel has been developed for WEPS to simulate the soil energy and water balances. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the HYDROLOGY submodel in predicting surface soil drying. Water content was measured gravimetrically in a bare 5- by 30-m plot for 14 d after irrigation during July and August 1991. The plot was located 5 m directly north of a bare weighing lysimeter at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, TX. Hourly samples were taken from depth increments of 0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 30, and 30 to 50 mm. Furthermore, soil cores were taken to 900 mm at 6-h intervals. Water content was also measured daily at the lysimeter and between the lysimeter and gravimetric sampling plot using a neutron probe to 2.1 m. The submodel accurately predicted that no deep percolation occurred throughout the simulation period. Simulation results agreed well with the measured daily evaporation rates from the lysimeter (r super(2) = 0.96). Furthermore, the submodel reasonably estimated the soil water content profiles, particularly the status of soil water at the soil-atmosphere interface. The mean absolute error, which describes the average absolute deviation between measured and simulated soil water contents, was 0.015 m super(3) m super(-3). The HYDROLOGY submodel of WEPS shows a potential to accurately simulate soil water dynamics, as needed for wind erosion modeling. The submodel successfully predicts the changes in water content at the soil surface, which relate to the susceptibility of the soil to wind erosion. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Durar, A A AU - Steiner, J L AU - Evett AU - Skidmore, EL AD - USDA-ARS Wind Erosion Res. Unit, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 235 EP - 244 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - WEPS KW - HYDROLOGY KW - USA, Texas, Bushland KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - hydrologic cycle KW - errors KW - drying KW - soil surfaces KW - prediction KW - wind erosion KW - performance evaluation KW - lysimeters KW - simulation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Measured+and+simulated+surface+soil+drying&rft.au=Durar%2C+A+A%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BEvett%3BSkidmore%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Durar&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wind erosion; hydrologic cycle; drying; soil surfaces; simulation; prediction; performance evaluation; model studies; lysimeters; errors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation and culm contribution to yield and yield components of winter wheat AN - 15671787; 3959866 AB - Water is generally the limiting factor in U.S. Great Plains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. With increasing demands for limited water, improving the efficacy of irrigation is critical. One technique is to irrigate during responsive stages of crop development, but few studies have examined this approach. This 2-yr study on a Nunn clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Argiustoll) was designed to examine the effects of irrigation, based on stage of crop development, on winter wheat yield, yield components (on a plant basis), and specific culm responses. In the first year, the treatments were control (dryland), and irrigation at late jointing. In the second year, the treatments were dry-land, irrigation at late jointing, irrigation at anthesis, and irrigation at both late jointing and anthesis. Irrigation at late jointing or anthesis significantly increased grain yield and the most important yield component (spikes per plant), as well as spikelets per plant, number of kernels per plant, and kernel weight per plant. The increased spikes per plant in the irrigation treatments, particularly with late-jointing irrigation, was due to reduced tiller abortion. Increased yield was primarily due to the contribution of more secondary tillers (T10, T11, T20, T21, T30, and T31) that produced spikes. The contribution of main stems to the total yield decreased from 92% to at most 86% with irrigation, although the dry weight of main-stem spikes increased with irrigation. The contribution to total yield of the main yield-producing tillers, T1 and T2, decreased from 20 to 15% and 19 to 15%, respectively, with irrigation. As with main-stem spikes, irrigation also increased T1 and T2 spike dry weight. Therefore, the production of secondary spikes due to irrigation treatments was not at the expense of main stem or primary tiller spikes. If only one irrigation can be applied, irrigation at late jointing is recommended for central Great Plains conditions, due to its greater effect on tiller survival. This implies that developmental and physiological processes at late jointing are critical in determining final grain yield, and water stress should be avoided at this growth stage. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - McMaster, G S AU - Wilhelm, W W AU - Bartling, PNS AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1123 EP - 1127 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - wheat KW - USA, Great Plains KW - growth stages KW - irrigation efficiency KW - crop yield KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Irrigation+and+culm+contribution+to+yield+and+yield+components+of+winter+wheat&rft.au=McMaster%2C+G+S%3BWilhelm%2C+W+W%3BBartling%2C+PNS&rft.aulast=McMaster&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat; crop yield; irrigation efficiency; growth stages; water stress; USA, Great Plains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature and soil water effects on dormancy and mortality of subterranean clover seed AN - 15671692; 3959861 AB - Germination tests were conducted to investigate possible causes for a reestablishment failure of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 'Mount Barker' subterranean clover seeds were germinated on blotters and on the soil surface or at 1 cm depth in nonfumigated and fumigated soil at four constant temperatures for 14 d, followed by constant 15 degree C for 8 d. Fumigation had no effect on germination. Germination on blotters was reduced to <11.1% at 25 and 30 degree C, compared with 94.5% at 15 degree C. Emergence of seedlings was reduced to 37.9% at 30 degree C, compared with 92.5% at 15 degree C. Emergence of seedlings at 30 degree C from soil was greater after 14 d than germination on blotters. In a second experiment, seeds buried 1 cm were germinated at soil water levels ranging from 0.0 to 0.816 kg kg super(-1). Temperatures were 15 or 30 degree C for 7 d, then 15 degree C for 7 d more. Seeds failed to germinate at either temperature in dry or saturated soil. Emergence after 7 d was reduced at 30 degree C compared with 15 degree C at soil moisture levels from 0.204 to 0.544 kg kg super(-1). After 7 more d at 15 degree C, emergence was similar between temperatures at soil moisture levels from 0.0 to 0.544 kg kg super(-1). Under saturated soil conditions, 28.5 and 80.8% of the seed rotted at 15 and 30 degree C, respectively. Our results suggest that subterranean clover seeds can survive in pasture soil for 14 d in an embryo dormant condition during the summer, unless the soil is saturated, in which case soft seeds tend to decay. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Fairbrother, TE AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 252 EP - 257 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - clovers KW - mortality KW - seeds KW - temperature effects KW - experimental data KW - seedlings KW - germination KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Temperature+and+soil+water+effects+on+dormancy+and+mortality+of+subterranean+clover+seed&rft.au=Fairbrother%2C+TE%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Fairbrother&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clovers; temperature effects; soil water; seeds; mortality; germination; seedlings; experimental data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacillomycin L sub(c), a new antibiotic of the iturin group: Isolations, structures, and antifungal activities of the congeners AN - 15670973; 3962297 AB - Bacillomycin L sub(c), a new antifungal antibiotic of the iturin class, was isolated from a strain of Bacillus subtilis as a set of five congeners. The structure as determined by chemical and spectrometric analyses has been shown to differ from that of bacillomycin L by sequence changes from aspartate-1 to asparagine-1 and from glutamine-5 to glutamate-5. The five congeners differ from each other only in the structure of the aliphatic side chain of the constituent beta -amino acid. The hydrophobicity of the beta -amino acid affects the antifungal activity of the congener, as activity increased in the order of increased congener retention on a reversed-phase HPLC column. JF - Journal of Antibiotics AU - Eshita, S M AU - Roberto, N H AU - Beale, J M AU - Mamiya, B M AU - Workman, R F AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Forest. Sci. Lab., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1240 EP - 1247 VL - 48 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8820, 0021-8820 KW - bacillomycin Lc KW - antibiotics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - antifungal agents KW - A 01095:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15670973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antibiotics&rft.atitle=Bacillomycin+L+sub%28c%29%2C+a+new+antibiotic+of+the+iturin+group%3A+Isolations%2C+structures%2C+and+antifungal+activities+of+the+congeners&rft.au=Eshita%2C+S+M%3BRoberto%2C+N+H%3BBeale%2C+J+M%3BMamiya%2C+B+M%3BWorkman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Eshita&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antibiotics&rft.issn=00218820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus subtilis; antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield performance of banana irrigated with fractions of class A pan evaporation in a semiarid environment AN - 15670777; 3959858 AB - There is a scarcity of information regarding the optimum water requirement for banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) grown under semiarid conditions with drip irrigation in the tropics. A 3-yr study was conducted on a fine-loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic Cumulic Haplustoll to determine water requirement, yield, and fruit-quality traits of the plant crop (PC) and two ratoon crops (R1 and R2) of 'Grande Naine' banana subjected to five levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors that ranged from 0.25 to 1.25 in increments of 0.25. Drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) irrigation treatment and crop effects for all yield components, fruit length and diameter, days to flower, and days from flowering to harvest. Highest marketable yield (86.3 Mg ha super(-1)) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.25. Plant crop and R1 plants irrigated using the same pan factor yielded 45.3 and 70.3 Mg ha super(-1), respectively. Increasing the pan factor from 0.25 to 1.25 resulted in weight gains of the third-upper hand of 70% in PC, 90% in R1, and 122% in R2. Irrigation according to increasing pan factors resulted in significant increases on the number of hands per bunch and the length and diameter of fruits in the third-upper and last hands in the bunch. It was concluded from this investigation that, to attain high yields, banana grown under semiarid conditions should be irrigated with a pan factor of not less than 1.0. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Goenaga, R AU - Irizarry, H AD - USDA-ARS, Trop. Agric. Res. Stn., P.O. Box 70, Mayagueez 00681, Puerto Rico Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 172 EP - 176 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - bananas KW - water requirements KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - semiarid climates KW - crop yield KW - fruit crops KW - pan evaporation KW - drip irrigation KW - experimental data KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15670777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Yield+performance+of+banana+irrigated+with+fractions+of+class+A+pan+evaporation+in+a+semiarid+environment&rft.au=Goenaga%2C+R%3BIrizarry%2C+H&rft.aulast=Goenaga&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drip irrigation; semiarid climates; fruit crops; crop yield; pan evaporation; experimental data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitomycin C induction of bacteriophages from Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens AN - 15669758; 3958729 AB - A prophage was induced from cells of the pathogenic spirochaete Serpulina hyodysenteriae using mitomycin C. Five to seven hours after mitomycin C was added (8 mu g/ml, final concentration) to S. hyodysenteriae B204 cultures in BHIS broth (OD sub(620) = 0.9) cell lysis was detected as a decrease in culture optical density. Bacteriophage particles attached to whole cells and to cell debris were detected by electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained (2% PTA, pH 7.0) bacteria harvested by centrifugation from mitomycin C treated cultures. The phage particles, consisted of a head (45 nm diameter) and a tail (64 nm x 9 nm). Bacteria from untreated cultures lacked phages detectable by electron microscopy. The appearance of bacteriophage particles in mitomycin C treated cultures correlated with the appearance of extrachromosomal DNA, 7-8 kb in size as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis, in DNA preparations from treated S. hyodysenteriae cells. When cultures of other S. hyodysenteriae strains (B78, B169, A-1, B8044, B6933, Ack300/8, R-1) and S. innocens 4/71 in BHIS were treated with mitomycin C (8-15 mu g/ml, final concentration), phages similar in morphology and size to the S. hyodysenteriae B204 phage were induced. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Humphrey, S B AU - Stanton, T B AU - Jensen, N S AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 97 EP - 101 PB - ELSEVIER VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Serpulina innocens KW - mitomycin C KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - induction KW - phages KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15669758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Mitomycin+C+induction+of+bacteriophages+from+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae+and+Serpulina+innocens&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+S+B%3BStanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; phages; induction; cell culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-yield relationships for irrigated and dryland wheat in the U.S. Southern plains AN - 15669288; 3959864 AB - A climate with high evaporative demand and limited precipitation restrict yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the semiarid U.S. southern High Plains. Stress effects can be avoided or minimized by management practices that increase soil water storage at planting or by application of irrigation water. We analyzed a 178 crop-year database of irrigated and dryland wheat data from Bushland, TX, to develop relationships that define the grain yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) response to a wide range in seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) associated with water deficits and to evaluate yield response to stored soil water at planting. The ET-grain yield relationship was determined as linear, with a regression slope of 1.22 kg grain per m super(3) ET above the ET threshold of 208 mm required to initiate grain yield. Maximum yields (>7.0 Mg ha super(-1)) required 650 to 800 mm seasonal ET. Maximum yields observed in the combined database were 2.8 and 8.2 Mg ha super(-1) for dry-land and irrigated wheat, respectively. The linear regression response of grain yield to soil water stored at planting, 1.57 kg m super(-3), was significantly higher than the yield response to seasonal ET. Largely similar WUE values occurred over a wide range of seasonal ET within irrigated and dryland data sets; however, WUE values for irrigated wheat averaged about double the values for dryland wheat. A curvilinear relationship determined between WUE and yield emphasizes the importance of obtaining high yields for efficient water use. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Musick, J T AU - Jones, O R AU - Stewart, BA AU - Dusek, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 980 EP - 986 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - USA, High Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - water storage KW - water deficit KW - semiarid climates KW - crop yield KW - water use efficiency KW - planting management KW - evapotranspiration KW - regression analysis KW - irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15669288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Water-yield+relationships+for+irrigated+and+dryland+wheat+in+the+U.S.+Southern+plains&rft.au=Musick%2C+J+T%3BJones%2C+O+R%3BStewart%2C+BA%3BDusek%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Musick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat; semiarid climates; water use efficiency; crop yield; evapotranspiration; regression analysis; water storage; water deficit; planting management; irrigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine and calystegine B sub(2) in weir vine (Ipomoea sp. Q6 [aff. calobra]) and correlation with toxicity AN - 15668400; 3955638 AB - The polyhydroxy alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine [1] and calystegine B sub(2) [6] have been identified as constituents of the seeds of the Australian plant Ipomoea sp. Q6 [aff. calobra] (Weir vine) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by their biological activity as inhibitors of specific glycosidases. This plant, which is known only from a small area of southern Queensland, has been reported to produce a neurological disorder when consumed by livestock. The extract of the seeds showed inhibition of alpha -mannosidase, beta ,-glucosidase, and alpha -galactosidase, consistent with the presence of 1 and alkaloids of the calystegine class. Histological examination of brain tissue from field cases of sheep and cattle poisoned by Weir vine showed lesions similar to those observed in animals poisoned by the swainsonine-containing poison peas (Swainsona spp.) of Australia and locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) of North America. These results indicate that Weir vine poisoning is an additional manifestation of the induced lysosomal storage disease, mannosidosis, possibly exacerbated by inhibition of the enzymes beta -glucosidase anti alpha -galactosidase by calystegine B sub(2). This is the first reported example of a single plant species capable of producing structurally distinct glycosidase inhibitors, namely, alkaloids of the indolizidine and nortropane classes. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Molyneux, R J AU - McKenzie, R A AU - O'Sullivan, B M AU - Elbein, AD AD - Western Regional Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 878 EP - 886 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - glycosidase inhibitor KW - swainsonine KW - calystegine B2 KW - Ipomoea calobra KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15668400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+glycosidase+inhibitors+swainsonine+and+calystegine+B+sub%282%29+in+weir+vine+%28Ipomoea+sp.+Q6+%5Baff.+calobra%5D%29+and+correlation+with+toxicity&rft.au=Molyneux%2C+R+J%3BMcKenzie%2C+R+A%3BO%27Sullivan%2C+B+M%3BElbein%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=878&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen dynamics in irrigated corn: Soil-plant nitrogen and atmospheric ammonia transport AN - 15666222; 3950392 AB - Ammonia transport in cropping systems can affect atmospheric pollution, soil-plant N relationships, and crop N-use efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the N dynamics of a corn (Zea mays L., Pioneer hybrid 3379) cropping system and determine the effect of NH sub(3) transport and crop NH sub(3) compensation point on N relations in the crop. Soil and plant N measurements were made during the growing season along with plant-atmosphere NH sub(3) transport using flux-gradient micrometeorological techniques. The crop generally emitted NH sub(3) throughout the season when the atmospheric NH sub(3) concentrations were near background levels. During periods of high atmospheric NH sub(3) concentrations, the crop absorbed significant amounts of NH sub(3) from the atmosphere. Net seasonal NH sub(3) transport was determined to be a small loss, based on the number of measurement periods throughout the growing season; however, N isotope studies in a nearby field estimated significant NH sub(3) losses. Nitrogen isotope studies cannot account for the substitution of super(14)NH sub(3) absorbed from the atmosphere for volatilized super(15)NH sub(3). These results indicate that care must be taken when using N isotopes to evaluate N losses from cropping systems when plants are actively growing. Nitrous oxide flux was measured late in the cropping season, but showed small denitrification losses during the measurement period. The crop NH sub(3) compensation point varied during the time of day and with respect to soil-plant-atmosphere influence. Net NH sub(3) transport accounted for little of the N lost from this cropping system. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Harper, LA AU - Sharpe, R R AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Piedmont Conserv. Res. Ctr., P.O. Box 555, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 669 EP - 675 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - ammonia KW - corn KW - air pollution KW - irrigation KW - nitrogen KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15666222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+dynamics+in+irrigated+corn%3A+Soil-plant+nitrogen+and+atmospheric+ammonia+transport&rft.au=Harper%2C+LA%3BSharpe%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen; irrigation; corn; ammonia; agriculture; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial natural products that affect plants, phytopathogens, and certain other microorganisms AN - 15665752; 3958811 AB - Biologically active natural products of microbial origin are diverse in chemical structure and exhibit different responses in divergent assay systems. They may have practical use as plant growth regulators, antimicrobials, and phytotoxins. In addition, they may be viewed as bioactive templates that may be altered to produce compounds with changed specific activities and target specificities. JF - Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences AU - Cutler, H G AD - USDA, ARS, Richard B. Russell Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 413 EP - 444 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0735-2689, 0735-2689 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - phytotoxins KW - antimicrobial agents KW - growth regulators KW - microorganisms KW - A 01014:Others KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Plant+Sciences&rft.atitle=Microbial+natural+products+that+affect+plants%2C+phytopathogens%2C+and+certain+other+microorganisms&rft.au=Cutler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Plant+Sciences&rft.issn=07352689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microorganisms; growth regulators; phytotoxins; antimicrobial agents; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crop and soil response to long-term tillage practices in the northern Great Plains AN - 15665685; 3950394 AB - Summer fallow is the most common cultural practice in the northern Great Plains. With proper cultural management, however, annual cropping may be feasible and economical. Our objective was to determine crop and soil response to nontraditional annual cropping practices (till and no-till) in lieu of conventional fallow-crop rotation for the production of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the northern Great Plains. The study, initiated in 1983, was on a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) 11 km north of Culbertson, MT. Tillage practices on annually cropped treatments included sweep tillage in autumn and disk tillage in spring; sweep tillage in spring; and no-tillage. Conventional fallow-spring wheat rotations were included as the control. With three exceptions, there were no statistical differences among treatments in soil P, soil nitrate N, and pH. Phosphorus and N were nonlimiting in all years; pH decreased about 0.06 units per year in the 0- to 8-cm layer because of N fertilization. Bulk density differences in the 0- to 10-cm layer appeared after 7 yr, with the lowest bulk density for the no-tillage annual crop treatment. Grain and straw yields with the no-tillage treatment were both 80% of yields with the fallow-crop treatment. Total water use efficiency, based on soil water differences between harvest of one crop and harvest of the next, was significantly greater with no-tillage than with the fallow-crop treatment. Soil organic C decreased nearly 0.4 g kg super(-1) per year with the fallow-crop treatment; there was a negligible decline with the no-tillage annual crop treatment. No-tillage annual spring wheat crop production was the most efficient crop and soil management practice from the standpoint of yield, water use efficiency, soil organic C, and bulk density. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Aase, J K AU - Pikul, JL Jr AD - USDA-ARS N.W. Irrigation & Soils Res. Lab., 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 652 EP - 656 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - USA KW - water conservation KW - barley KW - cultivated lands KW - phosphorus KW - water use efficiency KW - nitrogen KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Crop+and+soil+response+to+long-term+tillage+practices+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Aase%2C+J+K%3BPikul%2C+JL+Jr&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=652&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cultivated lands; wheat; barley; phosphorus; nitrogen; water use efficiency; water conservation; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated corn in the northern Great Plains AN - 15664754; 3950400 AB - Nitrogen and water are the two most common limitations to crop production in the semiarid northern Great Plains. Little is known about N use efficiency by irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) in this region. A study was conducted to determine how irrigation and N fertility levels affect growth and N use efficiency by corn. Corn was grown under three irrigation levels: precipitation plus irrigation equal to one, two, and three times the calculated evapotranspiration (ET) rate. Fertilizer use efficiency was determined using super(15)N-enriched fertilizer applied at rates equivalent to 100 and 200 kg N ha super(-1). Grain and dry matter yields, N content, and utilization of fertilizer N all exhibited yearly variations, probably the result of annual weather patterns, especially temperature. For years when temperatures during the growing season were below the 30-yr average and affected corn growth, there were no differences in yields and N content between the two fertility levels. For years when temperatures during the growing season were warm enough for favorable growth, corn responded to increasing N fertility with 60% greater yields, 75% greater N content, and 60% greater percentage N derived from fertilizer with the higher N fertility treatment. Averaged across rates, grain utilized 35% and stover an additional 15% of the applied fertilizer, while 30% remained in the upper 0.6 m of the soil profile at the end of the growing season. Twenty percent of the applied fertilizer could not be accounted for, lost to leaching or denitrification. Supplemental irrigation and N fertilization are viable management practices available to producers in the semiarid northern Great Plains. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Trooien, T P AU - Reichman, G A AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 842 EP - 846 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - USA, Great Plains KW - precipitation KW - available water KW - evapotranspiration KW - corn KW - irrigation KW - nitrogen KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15664754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Yield+and+nitrogen+use+efficiency+of+irrigated+corn+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BTrooien%2C+T+P%3BReichman%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=842&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen; irrigation; corn; precipitation; evapotranspiration; fertilizers; available water; USA, Great Plains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration and soil properties as affected by annual cropping in the northern Great Plains AN - 15664241; 3950393 AB - Fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems may be responsible for declines in soil organic matter and degradation of soil physical properties. A change to annual cropping may improve or at least maintain soil properties. Tillage and crop sequence effects on soil properties and water infiltration were tested after 9 yr of cropping on a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiborolls) derived in glacial till. Annual cropping tillage of fall sweep and spring disk (AWFST), and no tillage (AWNT) were compared with conventional tillage in wheat-fallow (FWCT) as the control. Statistical design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Soil samples were taken at 0.03-m increments to a depth of 0.3 m and were used to measure organic carbon (OC), pH, bulk density (BD), and particle size. Point resistance was measured in 0.02-m increments. Water infiltration into dry and wet soil was measured using a rainfall simulator. Maximum soil BD was 1.61 Mg m super(-3) on FWCT and 1.56 Mg m super(-3) on AWNT. Soil BD was not changed by one winter of freezing and thawing. Maximum point resistance was 2.2 MPa on FWCT and 1.7 MPa on AWNT. Cumulative 3-h infiltration into dry soil was 52 mm for FWCT and 69 mm for AWNT. Final infiltration rate into wet soil was 5 mm h super(-1) for FWCT and 6 mm h super(-1) for AWNT. There was a significant difference in the depth distribution of OC between annual crop and FWCT treatments. Mass of OC in the top 0.09 m of soil was 1.65 kg m super(-2) on annual crop treatments and 1.45 kg m super(-2) on FWCT. Greater amounts of OC on the annual crop treatments compared with the FWCT attest to the beneficial aspect of annual cropping in maintaining a level of soil quality that is greater than FWCT. From a soil conservation perspective, no-tillage has an additional advantage because surface cover is maintained throughout the year, thereby reducing the potential for soil erosion. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Pikul, JL Jr AU - Aase, J K AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Soil and Water Res. Ctr., P.O. Box 1109, Sidney, MT 59270, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 656 EP - 662 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - USA KW - agricultural practices KW - soil properties KW - rainfall KW - infiltration KW - organic matter KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15664241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Infiltration+and+soil+properties+as+affected+by+annual+cropping+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Pikul%2C+JL+Jr%3BAase%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Pikul&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil properties; infiltration; wheat; organic matter; rainfall; agricultural practices; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of irrigation on susceptibility of selected soybean genotypes to soybean looper AN - 15663943; 3953609 AB - Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is usually grown under water deficit conditions in the southern USA and is often attacked by defoliating insects. Field studies were conducted during a 2-yr period with 'Centennial' (insect susceptible) and D75-10169 (insect resistant) soybean genotypes. Plants were grown either with or without irrigation to determine the influence of water-stressed plants on soybean looper [Pseudoplusia includens [(Walker)] oviposition, development, survival, and damage to plants. There were no significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences in egg deposition on the two plant genotypes, and effect of irrigation on egg deposition was not consistent. At 2 wk after insect release on plants, neither genotype nor irrigation treatment significantly affected number of larvae. Larvae developing on nonirrigated plants of both genotypes were significantly smaller than those developing on irrigated plants. All surviving larvae on Centennial pupated and all larvae on D75-10169 died by 18 d after the onset of oviposition. Defoliation by insects of irrigated plants of both genotypes was more than 50% greater than defoliation of nonirrigated plants. Without insects, seed yields of the two genotypes were similar and were greater from irrigated than from nonirrigated plants. Insect infestation significantly reduced yield of both genotypes, but the decrease in Centennial yield was greater. Yield reduction resulting from insect infestations was greater for irrigated than for nonirrigated plants. These findings show that soybean plants growing under water deficit conditions may allow a delay in initiation of soybean looper control measures, especially since yield potential and resulting profit potential are low. JF - Crop Science AU - Lambert, L AU - Heatherly, L G AD - USDA-ARS Soybean Res. Unit, P.O. Box 343, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1657 EP - 1660 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - soybean looper KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - defoliants KW - profit KW - field tests KW - water deficit KW - eggs KW - larvae KW - damage KW - crop yield KW - irrigation effects KW - insects KW - soybeans KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15663943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+irrigation+on+susceptibility+of+selected+soybean+genotypes+to+soybean+looper&rft.au=Lambert%2C+L%3BHeatherly%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - defoliants; soybeans; field tests; irrigation effects; larvae; water deficit; insects; eggs; crop yield; profit; damage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichoderma spp. from roots of fumigated Douglas-fir trees infected with Phellinus weirii AN - 15663276; 3952556 AB - Seven species of Trichoderma were isolated from roots of 104 live Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees infected with laminated root rot caused by Phellinus weirii. The trees were treated 10 years earlier with one of three fumigants: Vorlex, methylisothiocyanate, or chloropicrin. Sample chips from root sections appearing to be stained or decayed by P. weirii were plated on malt agar. Most (73%) of the Trichoderma spp. isolated were T. viride. Though not tested statistically, Trichoderma spp. were isolated more often from fumigated trees than from nonfumigated trees. In root sections of nonfumigated trees, Trichoderma spp. were isolated significantly less often where P. weirii was viable than where it was not. JF - Mycologia AU - Nelson, EE AU - Thies, W G AU - McWilliams, M G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 639 EP - 642 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Phellinus weirii KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Trichoderma KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15663276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Trichoderma+spp.+from+roots+of+fumigated+Douglas-fir+trees+infected+with+Phellinus+weirii&rft.au=Nelson%2C+EE%3BThies%2C+W+G%3BMcWilliams%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoderma; Pseudotsuga menziesii; root rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of crop coefficients for improving the irrigation scheduling of corn AN - 15652685; 3945767 AB - Improved irrigation water management requires accurate scheduling of irrigations which in turn requires an accurate calculation of daily crop evapotranspiration (E sub(t)). Previous work by Neale et al. (1989) and Bausch (1993) have indicated that the reflectance-based crop coefficient (K sub(cr)) for corn responded to crop growth anomalies and should improve irrigation scheduling. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a new procedure for using the K sub(cr) in irrigation scheduling and present results of simulations comparing different basal crop coefficient (K sub(cb)) curves for corn to evaluate their effects on estimated crop E sub(t). Irrigation scheduling simulations were performed using SCHED, the USDA-ARS Irrigation Scheduling Program, and three K sub(cb) curves (the one in SCHED, Wright's (1982) tabular data, and the K sub(cr)-based K sub(cb)). Simulated crop water use using the K sub(cb) curve in SCHED was considerably greater during vegetative growth (60 to 100 mm) than simulated crop water use using Wright's K sub(cb) or the K sub(cr) derived K sub(cb) curves for three growing seasons. Crop water use between the K sub(cr)-based K sub(cb) and Wright's K sub(cb) were different by approximately 20 mm each growing season. Crop water use was less in 1990 and 1992 for the K sub(cr) derived curve and greater for 1991; crop development was directly responsible for the differences. Although the differences between the Wright and K sub(cr) basal crop curves were minimal, irrigations with the K sub(cr)-based K sub(cb) were more appropriately timed. Irrigations that are correctly timed minimize overirrigation as well as underirrigation. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Bausch, W C AD - USDA-ARS, Water Manage. Res. Unit, Nat. Resour. Res. Cent., Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 55 EP - 68 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - SCHED KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - irrigation programs KW - water management KW - reflectance KW - simulation KW - evapotranspiration KW - corn KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15652685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+crop+coefficients+for+improving+the+irrigation+scheduling+of+corn&rft.au=Bausch%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Bausch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - corn; remote sensing; irrigation programs; evapotranspiration; simulation; water management; water use; reflectance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disinfection of poultry chiller water with chlorine dioxide: Consumption and byproduct formation AN - 15650930; 3947718 AB - Chlorine dioxide is effective in controlling the natural flora occurring in poultry chiller water (PCW). However, it is not approved for use as a disinfectant because of the lack of information pertinent to its human health risks. In PCW, most added chlorine dioxide was rapidly reduced to chlorite and chlorate. The formation of chlorite was dependent on both chlorine dioxide dose and treatment time. The chlorine dioxide demand by PCW, the consumption at a given treatment time, was found to be independent of treatment dose. When used at the demand level, half of the added chlorine dioxide was reduced to a mixture of chlorite (90%) and chlorate (10%). On the basis of the acceptable daily intake of chlorite, 0.075 mg/kg, disinfecting PCW at the level of chlorine dioxide demand, 0.30 mM (20 mg/L), is not only effective but also has a low health risk from the standpoint of chlorite and chlorate contamination. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Tsai, Lee-Shin AU - Higby, R AU - Schade, J AD - Western Regional Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2768 EP - 2773 VL - 43 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - chlorine dioxide KW - chlorite KW - chlorate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - water KW - poultry KW - disinfection KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15650930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Disinfection+of+poultry+chiller+water+with+chlorine+dioxide%3A+Consumption+and+byproduct+formation&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Lee-Shin%3BHigby%2C+R%3BSchade%2C+J&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Lee-Shin&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2768&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disinfection; poultry; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host preference in Camillea verruculospora AN - 15649257; 3937832 AB - Specimens of Camillea verruculospora J.D. Rogers, Laessoe & Lodge collected during the British Mycological Society Expedition in Cuyabeno, Ecuador and additional specimens from Puerto Rico indicate that this tropical ascomycete grows primarily or exclusively on trees in the genus Miconia (Melastomataceae). Camillea verruculospora fruited abundantly in Puerto Rico following damage by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, allowing us to recognize the similarity in bark of the trees on which it grew. The exclusive occurrence of C. verruculospora on species in the Melastomataceae, and usually the genus Miconia, in both Puerto Rico and Ecuador indicate a strong host-preference by this fungus. JF - Mycologist AU - Lodge, D J AU - Laessoe, T AD - Cent. for Forest Mycol. Res., USDA-Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab., P.O. Box 1377, Luquillo, PR 00773-1377, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 152 EP - 153 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0269-915X, 0269-915X KW - Camillea verruculospora KW - Puerto Rico KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - tropical environment KW - Melastomataceae KW - Ecuador KW - host preferences KW - rain forests KW - Miconia KW - trees KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15649257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologist&rft.atitle=Host+preference+in+Camillea+verruculospora&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J%3BLaessoe%2C+T&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologist&rft.issn=0269915X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Miconia; Melastomataceae; Ecuador; host preferences; tropical environment; trees; rain forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of irradiation to kill enteric pathogens on meat and poultry AN - 15646751; 3946811 AB - Ionizing radiation can be an effective step in a HACCP program to kill enteric pathogens associated with meat and poultry products. The populations of most common enteric pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Aeromonas hydrophila can be significantly decreased or eliminated by low-dose (< 3.0 kGy) treatments with ionizing radiation. Only the enteric viruses and the endospores of the genera Clostridium and Bacillus are highly resistant to ionizing radiation, and even these are affected to some degree. Temperature effects must be carefully considered, as reduced irradiation temperatures not only result in fewer adverse changes in the sensorial properties of meat and poultry products, but they also may demand that greater radiation doses be used to inactivate the foodborne pathogen. Equations have been developed that predict the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation treatments on several enteric pathogens associated with meat and poultry. In some cases substrate-specific differences in radiation resistance have been found. Irradiation in combination with vacuum packaging or modified-atmosphere packaging has increased both safety and shelf-life for some types of refrigerated products. High-dose irradiation treatments of enzyme-inactivated meat or poultry products in vacuo at subfreezing temperatures can be used to prepare sterile, shelf-stable products with excellent sensorial properties. Such products have been used extensively by military organizations, NASA during space flights, yachtsman, and hospitals. Contemporary research will be reviewed. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Thayer, D W AD - USDA/ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., Food Safety Res. Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 181 EP - 192 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - meat KW - poultry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - irradiation KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - pathogens KW - ionizing radiation KW - food contamination KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Escherichia coli KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15646751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Use+of+irradiation+to+kill+enteric+pathogens+on+meat+and+poultry&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; Aeromonas hydrophila; Staphylococcus aureus; food contamination; pathogens; irradiation; ionizing radiation; meat; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current developments in microbial control of insect pests and prospects for the early 21st century AN - 15646137; 3946800 AB - The role of microbial control in crop and forest protection and the abatement of insects of medical and veterinary importance has expanded considerably with the discovery and development of new microbial control agents and genetic improvement in bacterial and viral pathogens, and improvements in formulation, application options and compatibility with other interventions. A synopsis of the literature regarding the current use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans and nematodes as microbial control agents is presented along with speculation on their potential in the early 21st century. The most widely used of all microbial control agents is Bacillus thuringiensis. The isolation within the past two decades of new strains that are larvicidal for certain Diptera and Coleoptera has increased the utility of the bacterium considerably. Further improvements in efficacy and broadening of its host range are in progress with the isolation of strains with new toxins and the manipulation of B. thuringiensis genes that encode toxin production using both recombinant and nonrecombinant methods. Genetic manipulation of these genes has also enabled their incorporation into crop plants. The development and commercial availability of entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae expands the options for the control of insects, especially those with soil inhabiting stages. The results of natural epizootics of fungi and viruses often obviate the requirement for additional interventions. Breakthroughs in understanding the genetics of Baculovirus and subsequent gene manipulation have increased their virulence and utility. Improved production methods that utilize insect cell culture technology may enable affordable use of Baculovirus in the not too distant future. Fungi continue to offer the only control options using entomopathogens against plant sucking insects. Although fungi have great potential for development as microbial control agents, only a few have been used on an operational scale. Some factors that might limit the full range of entomopathogen potential, including development of resistance, are discussed. Because of their selectivity and minimal environmental impact, microbial control agents will be ideal components of integrated pest management programs in the early 21st century and beyond. However, if they are used merely as replacements for chemical pesticides, then eventually these agents will face some of the same fate as the chemicals they replace, particularly with respect to resistance. JF - Entomophaga AU - Lacey, LA AU - Goettel AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, B.P. 4168, 34980 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3 EP - 27 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - genetic engineering KW - fungi KW - resistance KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15646137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Current+developments+in+microbial+control+of+insect+pests+and+prospects+for+the+early+21st+century&rft.au=Lacey%2C+LA%3BGoettel&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; biological control; plant protection; genetic engineering; fungi; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the displacement of resident soluble salt during infiltration AN - 15644398; 3944687 AB - We present two analytical models to assess the displacement of the initial saline soil solution during infiltration. The models are extensions of the analytical infiltration solutions of Morel-Seytoux and Khanji (1974) and Broadbridge and White (1988). We then introduce simple experimental methods with the tension infiltrometer to measure the parameters of the two models in the field. A single measurement of sorptivity is needed to determine the free parameter, C, in the Broadbridge and White solution, and the viscous correction factor, beta , in the Morel-Seytoux and Khanji solution. The tension infiltrometer method, in conjunction with the analytical models, provided simple and inexpensive means to predict the leaching of soil-solution as required for saline soils. The tension infiltrometer was simple to operate and measurements were performed at the surface to minimize installation time and soil disturbance. The analytical models contained parameters with precise physical meaning and need modest amounts of computation time. The narrow range of 0 to -15 cm of soil-water pressure, in which infiltration rates were measured with the infiltrometer, appeared sufficient for modeling the displacement of soil-solution. This was attributed to the rapid decrease of hydraulic conductivity with water pressure, which was manifested by a short macroscopic capillary length for the field soils tested. JF - Soil Science AU - Nachabe, M H AU - Morel-Seytoux, HJ AD - USDA-ARS, GPSR, 301 S. Howes, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 243 EP - 249 VL - 160 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil solution KW - infiltration KW - saline soils KW - permeability coefficient KW - irrigation KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15644398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+displacement+of+resident+soluble+salt+during+infiltration&rft.au=Nachabe%2C+M+H%3BMorel-Seytoux%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Nachabe&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; saline soils; soil solution; permeability coefficient; irrigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow mechanisms through continuous and buried macropores AN - 15644356; 3944686 AB - Tillage destroys stable continuous macropores and at the same time creates unstable tillage pores within the tilled layer. The buried macropores below the tilled layer are not harmed. Flow through continuous pores is usually considered to be laminar. The objectives of this study were to determine the conditions under which water would flow into a buried macropore in a soil column, and to determine the flow regime inside a macropore. Packed columns (457 mm length, 76 mm diameter) were constructed with a sloping base to measure separately outflow from the artificial macropore (6 mm diameter) and the soil matrix. The columns were then tilled artificially by removing the top 12 cm and repacking. In addition, a study was conducted in a sloping box of soil with four macropores beneath a tilled layer. Dye was added to two 76-mm-diameter rings within the box, either immediately or 1 day before ponded infiltration into the rings. Ponded outflow rates from continuous 6-mm macropores ranged from 5 to 11 ml/s, which is equivalent to Reynolds numbers as high as 2370. Outflow also occurred from buried macropores, although the rate was reduced (0.01 to 0.3 ml/s) compared with continuous macropores. If dye was added immediately before infiltration, dye appeared in macropore outflow, but if dye was added 1 day before infiltration, no dye appeared in macro-pore outflow but only in matrix outflow. This indicated either preferential flow carrying the dye (if no time for binding to soil) or preferential flow of water around the dye. Even buried macropores can function as preferential flow pathways, and turbulent flow might occur through large, continuous macropores. JF - Soil Science AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA - Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 160 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - macropores KW - tillage KW - preferential flow KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - agricultural practices KW - infiltration KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15644356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Flow+mechanisms+through+continuous+and+buried+macropores&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural practices; soil water; infiltration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractants from Staphylococcus aureus cultures for Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens AN - 15636811; 3935232 AB - Volatile chemicals from tryptic soy broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus that attract sugar-fed, protein-hungry adult Mexican fruit flies were identified. Chemicals identified from the headspace above the filtrate of the bacterial cultures were ammonia, trimethylamine, isoamylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and acetic acid. Each chemical attracted flies. A mixture of the chemicals in the same concentrations as were found in the bacterial filtrate was 89% as effective in attracting flies as the bacterial filtrate in laboratory bioassays. Additional chemicals were identified from various concentrated or pH altered preparations made from the filtrate. Many of these chemicals also attracted flies. One of these chemicals, dimethylamine, was the most effective chemical identified. The use of solid-phase microextraction for volatile collection and of chick-film (5- mu m) capillary GC columns was essential to the success of this work. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Flath, R A AD - Crop Qual. and Fruit Insect. Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1861 EP - 1874 VL - 21 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - chemical composition KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - attractants KW - Tephritidae KW - volatiles KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18008:Pheromones & other infochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15636811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attractants+from+Staphylococcus+aureus+cultures+for+Mexican+fruit+fly%2C+Anastrepha+ludens&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BFlath%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; Staphylococcus aureus; attractants; volatiles; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ characterization of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin synthesis and export AN - 15634509; 3940877 AB - A monoclonal antitoxin/colloidal gold probe and sequential centrifugation were used to study synthesis, translocation and export of Clostridium botulinum strain 62A neurotoxin (NT). Exponential growth occurred after 5 h of anaerobic incubation of spores and continued for 15-16 h. NT was detected at 15 h using the probe and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 2 h earlier than the first detection by the mouse bioassay. During exponential growth, the probe localized NT primarily in the cytoplasm, on the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cell wall. During stationary and death phases, the NT was located within the cytoplasm, cell wall and extracellularly. NT was released from the cell during cell wall exfoliation. Cells retained NT after repeated gelatin-phosphate washes and sequential centrifugations, consistent with the TEM observation that the NT is bound to the cell wall. These observations indicate that the process of C. botulinum type A NT production follows a sequence of synthesis, translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane and export through the cell wall. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - Call, JE AU - Cooke, PH AU - Miller, A J AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 257 EP - 263 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - neurotoxins KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - botulism KW - probes KW - protein transport KW - electron microscopy KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - N3 11101:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15634509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=In+situ+characterization+of+Clostridium+botulinum+neurotoxin+synthesis+and+export&rft.au=Call%2C+JE%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Call&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; neurotoxins; probes; electron microscopy; protein transport; botulism ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bacillus and Serratia species for scarab control AN - 15627955; 3936576 AB - Few microorganisms are commercially available for use against white grubs (larvae of Scarabaeidae). Entomopathogenic bacteria, particularly Bacillus popilliae, have been used the longest for white grub suppression. Other bacteria, namely B. thuringiensis and Serratia spp. offer promise for future control. This paper examines two genera of bacteria (Bacillus and Serratia) from the historical and current perspective. Bacillus popilliae, the first microbial control agent registered in the United States, has a long history of use in suppressing populations of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica. However, lack of in vitro production and the slow and sporadic nature of its activity, severely limits its utilization. B. thuringiensis, the most widely used microbial pesticide, has not been used for scarab, control. However, strains with scarab activity have recently been discovered. Scarab larvae have been collected in the United States with signs and symptoms similar to those characteristic of amber disease (caused by Serratia entomophila) in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica. A total of 147 bacteria have been obtained from the digestive tracts of larvae of the Japanese beetle and masked chafers, Cyclocephala spp., as well as from larvae and soil collected in Japan and China. Seventy five of these have been identified as Serratia spp. Most (40) of the remaining bacteria are in the genus Enterobacter. A majority of the bacteria (73) and of the Serratia (38) came from P. japonica. JF - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz AU - Klein, M G AU - Kaya, H K Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 87 EP - 95 VL - 90 IS - 1 KW - scarabs KW - amber disease KW - Cyclocephala KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - milky disease KW - Coleoptera KW - Popillia japonica KW - Serratia KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Bacillus KW - Costelytra zealandica KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15627955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.atitle=Bacillus+and+Serratia+species+for+scarab+control&rft.au=Klein%2C+M+G%3BKaya%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.issn=00740276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the sensitivity of the caudal fold skin test and a commercial gamma -interferon assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis AN - 15621748; 3934308 AB - A study to determine and compare the sensitivity of the caudal fold tuberculin test (CFT) and a commercial gamma -interferon ( gamma -IFN) assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis was conducted. A dairy herd with approximately a third of the cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis was chosen for this study. All cattle from this herd were slaughtered, and tissue specimens for bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination were collected. Results of the CFT and gamma -IFN assay were compared with results of bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination to determine test sensitivity. Results were analyzed, using each of the following 4 standards to classify cattle as infected: positive test result by bacteriologic culturing only; histologic examination only; bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination; and bacteriologic culturing or histologic examination. Sensitivity of the CFT ranged from 80.4 to 84.4%, depending on the standard of comparison. Sensitivity of the gamma -IFN assay ranged from 55.4 to 97.1%, depending on the standard of comparison and on the method of interpretation. The CFT was significantly (P < 0.001) more sensitive than the gamma -IFN assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis when the gamma -IFN assay was conducted and interpreted as instructed by the manufacturer. Maximum overall sensitivity was achieved when results of the CFT and gamma -IFN assay were interpreted in parallel. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Whipple, D L AU - Bolin, CA AU - Davis, A J AU - Jarnagin, J L AU - Johnson, D C AU - Nabors, R S AU - Payeur, J B AU - Saari, DA AU - Wilson, A J AU - Wolf, M M AD - Leptospirosis/Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv. Lab., Natl. Veterinary Serv. Lab., Anim. and Plant Health Inspection Serv., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 415 EP - 419 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - caudal fold skin test KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tuberculosis KW - toxicity testing KW - skin tests KW - gamma -interferon KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15621748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+sensitivity+of+the+caudal+fold+skin+test+and+a+commercial+gamma+-interferon+assay+for+diagnosis+of+bovine+tuberculosis&rft.au=Whipple%2C+D+L%3BBolin%2C+CA%3BDavis%2C+A+J%3BJarnagin%2C+J+L%3BJohnson%2C+D+C%3BNabors%2C+R+S%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BSaari%2C+DA%3BWilson%2C+A+J%3BWolf%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Whipple&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; toxicity testing; gamma -interferon; tuberculosis; skin tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a rapid microbial ATP bioluminescence assay to detect contamination on beef and pork carcasses AN - 15620695; 3933780 AB - A new microbial ATP bioluminescence assay was shown to be an accurate and rapid method to determine the levels of generic bacterial contamination on beef (n = 400) and pork (n = 320) carcasses sampled in commercial processing plants. Based on in vitro fecal dilution studies, the rapid microbial ATP (R-mATP) assay is as accurate as the standard plate count method for estimating bacteria in bovine or porcine fecal samples. The correlations (r) between the R-mATP assay and the standard aerobic plate count for beef and pork carcasses sampled in commercial processing were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. A segmented-model statistical approach to determine the lower limits of assay sensitivity was developed. By using this model to analyze the in-plant data, the R-mATP test responded in a linear fashion to levels of microbial contamination of > log sub(10) 2.0 aerobic CFU/cm super(2) on beef carcasses and of > log sub(10) 3.2 aerobic CFU/cm super(2) for pork carcasses. The R-mATP assay requires approximately 5 min to complete, including sampling. Given the rapidity and accuracy of the assay, processors interested in monitoring critical control points in the slaughter process could potentially use the R-mATP assay to monitor microbiological prevention and intervention procedures for minimizing carcass contamination. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Cutter, C N AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 770 EP - 775 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - ATP bioluminescence assay KW - beef KW - pork KW - counting methods KW - meat KW - ATP KW - bioluminescence KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15620695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+rapid+microbial+ATP+bioluminescence+assay+to+detect+contamination+on+beef+and+pork+carcasses&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BDorsa%2C+W+J%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contamination; food contamination; beef; pork; counting methods; meat; bioluminescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial ATP bioluminescence as a means to detect contamination on artificially contaminated beef carcass tissue AN - 15618731; 3933782 AB - The use of microbial ATP bioluminescence was evaluated as a means to rapidly detect gross microbial contamination from feces on bovine-carcass surface tissue (BCT). Microbial ATP was selectively distinguished from nonmicrobial ATP by the assay procedure used. Regression analyses of microbial ATP and viable count scatterplots showed lean and adipose BCT artificially contaminated with bovine feces had the same regression line parameters (P 0.90 for both tissue types. Results indicated that swab samples can be held at 5 degree C for up to 6 h without compromising microbial ATP bioluminescence assay results. The microbial ATP bioluminescence assay shows potential for use as a means to rapidly detect fecal contamination on red meat carcasses and to gauge decontamination effectiveness and hence could monitor critical control points in a processing-plant HACCP plan. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Cutter, C N AD - U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 764 EP - 769 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - ATP bioluminescence assay KW - beef KW - counting methods KW - ATP KW - bioluminescence KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15618731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Microbial+ATP+bioluminescence+as+a+means+to+detect+contamination+on+artificially+contaminated+beef+carcass+tissue&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BCutter%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=764&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contamination; food contamination; beef; counting methods; bioluminescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioautography shows antibiotic production by soil bacterial isolates antagonistic to fungal dry rot of potatoes AN - 15617020; 3930426 AB - Twenty bacterial antagonists of postharvest dry rot of potatoes (caused by Fusarium sambucinum) were screened for the production of antibiotics by bioautography. Samples of liquid cultures of bacterial strains harvested at three growth times and extracted with three solvents at three pHs were used to directly detect antibiotics inhibitory to F. sambucinum grown on the surface of thin-layer chromatography plates. All of the bacterial isolates tested produced one or more antifungal compounds. Knowledge of the role of the antibiotics in biological control mechanisms is expected to influence the design of successful methods of mass production and formulation of these bacterial strains as biocontrol agents. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Burkhead, K D AU - Schisler, DA AU - Slininger, P J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1611 EP - 1616 VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - antibiotics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - dry rot KW - Fusarium sambucinum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - soil KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - D 04600:Soil KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15617020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Bioautography+shows+antibiotic+production+by+soil+bacterial+isolates+antagonistic+to+fungal+dry+rot+of+potatoes&rft.au=Burkhead%2C+K+D%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Burkhead&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Fusarium sambucinum; USA, Pennsylvania; dry rot; biological control; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ionizing radiation and anaerobic refrigerated storage on indigenous microflora, Salmonella, and Clostridium botulinum types A and B in vacuum-canned, mechanically deboned chicken meat AN - 15616976; 3933783 AB - Vacuum-canned, commercial, mechanically deboned chicken meat was challenged with either Clostridium botulinum spores (20 strains of types A and B, proteolytic; final spore concentration of ca. 400/g of meat) or Salmonella enteritidis (ca. 10 super(4) CFU/g of meat) followed by irradiation to 0, 1.5, and 3.0 kGy and storage at 5 degree C for 0, 2, and 4 weeks. None of the samples stored at 5 degree C developed botulinal toxin; however, when these samples were temperature abused at 28 degree C they became toxic within 18 h and had obvious signs of spoilage, i.e., swelling of the can and a putrid odor. During 4 weeks of refrigerated storage the log sub(10) of the population of S. enteritidis in nonirradiated samples decreased from 3.86 to 2.58. S. enteritidis CFU were detectable in samples irradiated to 1.5 kGy at 0 weeks but not in samples irradiated to 3.0 kGy. Log levels of aerobic and facultative mesophiles increased during 4 weeks of refrigerated storage from 6.54 to 8.25, 4.03 to 8.14, and 2.84 to 5.23 in samples irradiated to 0, 1.5, and 3.0 kGy, respectively. Based on taxonomic analyses of 245 isolates, the bacterial populations depended upon radiation dose and storage time. The change was predominantly from gram-negative rods in nonirradiated samples to gram-positive streptococci in samples irradiated to 3.0 kGy and stored for 4 weeks. Spoilage organisms survived even the 3.0 kGy treatment. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AU - Huhtanen, C N AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 752 EP - 757 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - preservation KW - anaerobic environments KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - ionizing radiation KW - Salmonella KW - storage KW - H SE4.22:FOOD PRESERVATION KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15616976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Advertising+Research&rft.atitle=Measuring+Emotional+Response&rft.au=Zeitlin%2C+David+M%3BWestwood%2C+Richard+A&rft.aulast=Zeitlin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1986-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Advertising+Research&rft.issn=00218499&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Clostridium botulinum; ionizing radiation; storage; preservation; anaerobic environments; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergism between CryIA insecticidal crystal proteins and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis. Other bacterial spores, and vegetative cells against Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae AN - 15615667; 3930447 AB - The lethality of CryIA(a) and CryIA(c) insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis to gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was significantly enhanced by the presence of either bacterial spores or vegetative cells of Escherichia coli and several forest epiphytic bacteria. Spores from B. cereus, B. megaterium, and B. subtilis were as effective synergizers of the CryIA insecticidal crystal proteins as spores from an acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis (HD-73 cry super(-)). Klebsiella sp., K. pneumonia, Erwinia amylovora, E. rubrifaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas sp., X. campestris, Actinomyces sp. Corynebacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp., and Escherichia coli were effective synergizers of at least one of the CryIA toxins. Only P. syringae was not synergenic. In the absence of the CryIA toxins, none of the bacterial cell or spore synergists exhibited toxicity or inhibited larval growth or molt to the next instar. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dubois, N R AU - Dean, D H AD - Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., Northeastern Cent. for Forest Health Res., USDA Forest Serv., 51 Mill Pond Rd., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1741 EP - 1747 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - CryIA protein KW - crystal protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Lepidoptera KW - spores KW - Lymantriidae KW - larvae KW - proteins KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15615667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Synergism+between+CryIA+insecticidal+crystal+proteins+and+spores+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis.+Other+bacterial+spores%2C+and+vegetative+cells+against+Lymantria+dispar+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+larvae&rft.au=Dubois%2C+N+R%3BDean%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Dubois&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; insecticides; proteins; larvae; biological control; spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freezing and thawing of agricultural soils: Implications for soil, water, and air quality AN - 15608081; 3926910 AB - Most agricultural lands in the USA are subject to subfreezing temperatures. Soil freezing and thawing affects both biotic and abiotic interactions and processes which vary with weather, soil type, land management, and topography. Soil fauna generally undergo physiological changes or rely on locomotion as a means of adapting to frozen soils. Managing faunal populations using soil management may be achievable with a better understanding of winter ecological processes. Many of the thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and physical properties of soils are altered by freezing and thawing. Soil erosion may be accentuated by soil freezing and thawing as a result of changes in aggregate stability and shear strength. Soil processes such as heat, water, solute, and gas flux are affected by the freezing process, although simulation of solute and gas flux in frozen soils is not well documented. Solute and gas flux affect water and air quality owing to the loss of chemicals to surface and ground water systems and gaseous emissions to the atmosphere, respectively. Information about biotic and abiotic characteristics of frozen soils, presented at a national workshop in March 1994 in Minnesota, aids in the development of sound management strategies for agricultural lands to preserve our soil, water, and air resources. JF - Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science AU - Sharratt, B S AU - Saxton, KE AU - Radke, J K AD - USDA-ARS, North Central Soil Conservation Res. Lab., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0026-539X, 0026-539X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - USA KW - soil properties KW - agriculture KW - soil erosion KW - freeze-thaw tests KW - air pollution KW - soil management KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15608081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Freezing+and+thawing+of+agricultural+soils%3A+Implications+for+soil%2C+water%2C+and+air+quality&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S%3BSaxton%2C+KE%3BRadke%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.issn=0026539X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; freeze-thaw tests; soil management; soil erosion; soil properties; water quality; air pollution; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration of water during winter in west central Minnesota soils AN - 15606688; 3926913 AB - Soil freezing influences the amount and quality of our water resources, yet, little is known concerning the impacts of soil texture and water content before freezing on water migration in frozen soils. Columns of Hamerfly clay loam and Sioux loam at 3 initial water contents were subjected to the vagaries of the field environment at Morris, Minnesota during the winter of 1993-1994 and then sectioned to determine changes in soil water content. Redistribution of water in the frozen soil layer became more apparent with an increase in initial water content. Little movement of water occurred at the lowest initial water content of 0.21 g g super(-1) (45% pore saturation). Soil water redistribution was more pronounced for the Sioux loam, but only at the highest initial water content of 0.38 g g super(-1) (80% pore saturation). Upward water movement appeared greatest when the rate of descent of the freezing front was slowest. Initial water content had a larger effect on water movement in frozen soil profiles than soil texture. Therefore, soil water content at the time of freeze-up in the fall will determine, to a large extent, the rate of water (and consequently solute) movement in soil profiles during winter. JF - Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 15 EP - 18 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0026-539X, 0026-539X KW - USA, Minnesota, Morris KW - soil profiles KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - migration KW - loam KW - soil texture KW - freezing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Migration+of+water+during+winter+in+west+central+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.issn=0026539X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; soil texture; freezing; migration; loam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil freeze-thaw processes: Implications for nutrient cycling AN - 15606667; 3926912 AB - Soil freeze-thaw processes can regulate nutrient availability to plants by influencing nutrient leakage from plant tissues, nutrient release from soil organisms, mineral weathering, various inorganic nutrient transformations, and nutrient transport in both soil solution and sediment. These aspects of freeze-thaw processes are given in this review. A frequently reported observation is that soil water content controls the extent of freeze-thaw impacts on several chemical, physical, and biological processes and components important for nutrient cycling. Practices affecting soil water content, such as tillage and crop residue management, may therefore provide opportunities for managing freeze-thaw impacts on nutrient use efficiency in crop production. JF - Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science AU - Honeycutt, C W AD - USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Lab., Univ. Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5753, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 9 EP - 14 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0026-539X, 0026-539X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - soil water KW - cycling nutrients KW - agricultural practices KW - freezing KW - plant tissues KW - thawing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+freeze-thaw+processes%3A+Implications+for+nutrient+cycling&rft.au=Honeycutt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Honeycutt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.issn=0026539X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cycling nutrients; soil water; nutrients; agricultural practices; freezing; thawing; plant tissues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of glucose and cellobiose by Candida molischiana AN - 15605617; 3929621 AB - Some of the factors that influence the biosynthesis of the Candida molischiana beta -glucosidase were investigated. The yeast produced maximal enzyme activity when grown at 28 degree C in a carbohydrate-containing complex medium (YM) in which the initial pH was adjusted to 6.0. The enzyme appeared to be produced constitutively, as activity was detected when either ethanol, glycerol, xylose, glucitol, mannitol, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, cellodextrins, or soluble starch was used as the carbohydrate source. The presence of either glucose, mannose, or fructose (> 25 g/L) repressed beta -glucosidase expression; however, C. molischiana did produce beta -glucosidase when the initial glucose concentration was <25 g/L. When the yeast was grown in YM medium containing glucose plus cellobiose, diauxic utilization of the carbon sources was observed, and beta -glucosidase activity was not detected until the glucose was depleted from the medium. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Freer, S N AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res. USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 North Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - glucose KW - cellobiose KW - beta -glucosidase KW - Candida molischiana KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fermentation KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15605617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+glucose+and+cellobiose+by+Candida+molischiana&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on freezing and thawing soils in Iowa AN - 15604095; 3926914 AB - Frozen soils have a major influence on the cropping systems and farming practices in northern states. However, relatively little research has been done on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the field during the non-growing season. Experiments on frozen soils were started recently in Iowa to 1) study the effects of residue cover on soil freezing and thawing, 2) measure the movement of water and solutes and changes in soil structure due to freezing and thawing of repacked soil columns in the field, 3) test the SHAW (Simultaneous Heat And Water) model for its capability to predict freeze/thaw cycles, and 4) determine the effect of freeze/thaw and wetting/drying cycles on soil cracking. Residue cover changed freeze/thaw rates and frost depth. Water moved to the freezing front which resulted in a net upward movement after thawing. Solute movement was more complex because of its movement with water, its exclusion from water during freezing, and its redistribution during and after thawing. The SHAW model provided reasonable agreement with measured frost depth during the winter of 1993-1994. These studies are continuing and will aid in the development of management practices to protect our soil resources while sustaining a productive agriculture. JF - Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science AU - Radke, J K AU - Berry, E C AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 19 EP - 26 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0026-539X, 0026-539X KW - SHAW model KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - model testing KW - agricultural practices KW - soil structure KW - USA, Iowa KW - frost KW - solutes KW - soil columns KW - freezing KW - thawing KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15604095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Studies+on+freezing+and+thawing+soils+in+Iowa&rft.au=Radke%2C+J+K%3BBerry%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Radke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Minnesota+Academy+of+Science&rft.issn=0026539X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freezing; thawing; model testing; soil water; solutes; soil structure; agricultural practices; soil columns; frost; USA, Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Color, size, and location of artificial fruits affect sucrose avoidance by cedar waxwings and European starlings AN - 15600616; 3918935 AB - Fruit choice by birds is affected by many factors, but the interactions between sensory and postingestive cues has received little experimental study. To evaluate how postingestive responses to fruit sugars relate to color and other visual cues, we offered individually caged Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) and European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) artificial red and green fruits containing 12.8% (g/g) sucrose or hexose (1:1, glucose: fructose) sugars. In 1-h trials with 6-mm-diameter fruits, waxwings preferred hexose to sucrose fruits, regardless of color. Birds given only sucrose fruits ate more than other groups. With 11-mm fruits, patterns of consumption were the same, but clear preferences for hexose over sucrose showed only in 3-h trials. Waxwings given red-hexose and red-sucrose fruits or green-hexose and green-sucrose fruits in two-cup tests learned to prefer the hexose fruits from positional cues. Starlings that initially preferred green learned to prefer red-hexose over green-sucrose fruits after two 3-h trials. Similarly, starlings that initially preferred red learned to prefer green-hexose fruits when paired with red-sucrose fruits. These preferences persisted through three posttreatment trials when both red and green fruits had only hexose sugars. In contrast to Cedar Waxwings, starlings given all-sucrose fruits ate the least, and two of four birds in the all-sucrose group stopped eating fruits altogether. At the level tested, sucrose was a strong associative repellent for starlings, probably because of induced postingestional distress due to their inability to digest sucrose. In contrast, waxwings can digest sucrose, but appear unable to maintain positive energy balance feeding solely on high-sucrose fruits. Development of high-sucrose cultivars may alleviate depredation to fruit crops by sucrose-deficient species like the European Starling, as well as by inefficient sucrose-digesting species like the Cedar Waxwing. JF - Auk AU - Avery, M L AU - Decker, D G AU - Humphrey, J S AU - Hayes, A A AU - Laukert, C C AD - USDA/APHIS/Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 East Univ. Ave., Gainesville, FL 32641, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 436 EP - 444 VL - 112 IS - 2 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - sucrose KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - avoidance behavior KW - food selection KW - digestibility KW - Sturnus vulgaris KW - Bombycilla cedrorum KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25766:Birds KW - R 18059:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15600616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Color%2C+size%2C+and+location+of+artificial+fruits+affect+sucrose+avoidance+by+cedar+waxwings+and+European+starlings&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BDecker%2C+D+G%3BHumphrey%2C+J+S%3BHayes%2C+A+A%3BLaukert%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bombycilla cedrorum; Sturnus vulgaris; food selection; digestibility; avoidance behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rind-associated factor from sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor stimulates germination of a mycoparasite AN - 15592717; 3914679 AB - Compounds that specifically stimulate germination of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum macroconidia have been isolated from the melanized outer layer of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia. The compound is a small hydrophobic molecule that is able to pass through a 3000 Da filter and is heat-labile in water. Three fractions were resolved using reversed-phase hplc. The component with presumed biological activity in soil is sparingly soluble in water. It has been given the trivial name 'sporigermin'. This is the first report describing the isolation of a compound from a host fungus that acts as a specific signal to stimulate germination of a mycoparasitic fungus. JF - Mycological Research AU - Mischke, S AU - Mischke, C F AU - Adams, P B AD - Systematic Botany and Mycology, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1063 EP - 1070 VL - 99 IS - 9 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - mycoparasites KW - Sporidesmium sclerotivorum KW - sporigermin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - soil microorganisms KW - Sclerotinia minor KW - sclerotia KW - germination KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15592717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=A+rind-associated+factor+from+sclerotia+of+Sclerotinia+minor+stimulates+germination+of+a+mycoparasite&rft.au=Mischke%2C+S%3BMischke%2C+C+F%3BAdams%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Mischke&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1063&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotinia minor; sclerotia; germination; soil microorganisms; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of organic infusions and synthetic compounds mediating oviposition in Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) AN - 15590998; 3918913 AB - Oviposition responses of gravid Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti were evaluated to natural organic infusions (hay infusion, larval rearing water, and field-collected larval water) as well as compounds isolated from hay infusion (3-methylindole, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and phenol) known to elicit oviposition in Culex mosquitoes. In laboratory bioassays, significant oviposition responses were obtained from Ae. albopictus, but not from Ae. aegypti, to dilutions of hay infusion and field water. Oviposition responses of both species were moderate to the synthetic compounds tested in the laboratory (0.01-100 mu g/liter). Only 3-methylindole (0.1 mu g/liter) and 4-ethylphenol (1.0 mu g/liter) elicited significantly more oviposition by Ae. albopictus than did well water. Of the synthetic compounds tested with Ae. aegypti, only phenol (1.0 mu g/liter) and 4-ethylphenol (0.1 mu g/liter) elicited significantly more oviposition than did well water. Significant repellency or oviposition deterrence for both species occurred in response to at least one high concentration of most of the compounds tested. In field cage evaluations, oviposition responses by Ae. albopictus were strongest to larval water and field water, moderate to hay infusion and 3-methylindole (100 mu g/liter), and low to well water. A mixture of five synthetic compounds mimicking hay infusion was no more effective than 3-methylindole alone. For Ae. aegypti oviposition responses were greatest to larval water and least to 3-methylindole. In an olfactometer, gravid females of both species oriented more to field water than to well water and only Ae. albopictus oriented more to larval water or hay infusion than well water. In general, gravid Ae. albopictus responded more strongly to oviposition stimuli than did Ae. aegypti. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Allan, SA AU - Kline, D L AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1847 EP - 1860 VL - 21 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aedes aegypti KW - stimulants KW - attractants KW - Culicidae KW - Aedes albopictus KW - organic compounds KW - oviposition KW - Diptera KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+organic+infusions+and+synthetic+compounds+mediating+oviposition+in+Aedes+albopictus+and+Aedes+aegypti+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29&rft.au=Allan%2C+SA%3BKline%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aedes albopictus; Aedes aegypti; Culicidae; Diptera; oviposition; stimulants; attractants; organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drought stress of apple trees alters leaf emissions of volatile compounds AN - 15590487; 3916981 AB - Actively growing potted apple trees (Malus domestica [L.] Borkh. cv. Delicious) unacclimated to drought stress were subjected to drought to determine changes in emissions of leaf volatile compounds. Drought stress was imposed over a 2-week period by weighing pots every 2 or 3 days and adding water back to an arbitrary and decreasing fraction of the original pot weight. Stem water potential was -2.7, -2.0 and -0.8 MPa for the severely stressed, moderately stressed and control trees, respectively, 13 days after watering treatments were begun. Water use the last 4 days of the experiment was about one-half for the moderately and severely stressed trees compared to that of the controls. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were identified by using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Emission rates of hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, hexyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenyl acetate were 5 to 310 times higher for severely stressed trees compared to those of the controls with the moderately stressed trees intermediate. The large increases in hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and 1-hexanol may be related to enhanced lipoxygenase activity. Volatile compounds are products of metabolism and measurement of their changes after biotic or abiotic stresses will increase understanding of the relationship of changes in plant metabolism by those stresses. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Ebel, R C AU - Mattheis, J P AU - Buchanan, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 709 EP - 712 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - emissions KW - volatile compounds KW - fruit trees KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - water stress KW - drought KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=Drought+stress+of+apple+trees+alters+leaf+emissions+of+volatile+compounds&rft.au=Ebel%2C+R+C%3BMattheis%2C+J+P%3BBuchanan%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Ebel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.issn=00319317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drought; water stress; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative in vivo activity and simulated sunlight-UV stability of inclusion bodies of a wild-type and an engineered polyhedral envelope-negative isolate of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica AN - 15590095; 3911887 AB - Polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of baculoviruses are enclosed in a carbohydrate-rich envelope. Development of this envelope, for PIB of the multiple-enveloped, nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (AcMNPV) is associated with a phosphoprotein of 34 kDa encoded by the ORF3 region of AcMNPV. Deletion of the polypeptide pp34 produces PIB without the envelope. An earlier study reported that PIB, without the polyhedral membrane, were "likely" to be more virulent and less environmentally persistent than wild-type PIB. In this note we report the results of experiments that compare the relative in vivo activity and sunlight-uv stability of a parental, wild-type isolate (AcWt) and a polyhedrin-positive, PIB-envelope-negative isolate of AcMNPV (AcDZ5). JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AU - Zuidema, D AU - Vlak, J M AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, 1503 S. Providence, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 212 EP - 213 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - polyhedral inclusion bodies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - stability KW - pathogenicity KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - biological control KW - Autographa californica KW - sunlight KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15590095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Relative+in+vivo+activity+and+simulated+sunlight-UV+stability+of+inclusion+bodies+of+a+wild-type+and+an+engineered+polyhedral+envelope-negative+isolate+of+the+nucleopolyhedrosis+virus+of+Autographa+californica&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C%3BZuidema%2C+D%3BVlak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Autographa californica; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; sunlight; stability; biological control; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of phosphorus and water stress levels on growth and phosphorus uptake of bean and sorghum cultivars AN - 15585525; 3916971 AB - Primary determinants of crop production in arid/semiarid regions are lack of moisture and infertility, especially phosphorus (P) deficiency or unavailability. The effects of P and water stress (WS) levels on shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf area, root volume, total root length, and shoot and root P concentrations and contents were determined in two bean [Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, cv 'Tepary #21' ("drought-resistant") and P. vulgaris L., cv 'Emerson' ("drought-sensitive")] and two sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv SA7078 ("drought-resistant") and 'Redlan' ("drought-sensitive")] cultivars grown in nutrient solution. Plants are grown with different levels of P (20 and 100 mu M for bean and 20, 80, and 160 mu M for sorghum) when seedlings were transferred to nutrient solution, and WS levels of 0, 13.8, and 1 6.4% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) introduced after plants had grown in solution 23 days (bean) and 31 days (sorghum). All growth traits were lower when bean and sorghum plants were grown with WS and low P. Growth traits were higher in cultivars grown with high compared to low P regardless of WS. Root P concentration and content and shoot content, but not shoot P concentration, were lower bean plants were grown with WS compared to without WS. Tepary #21 bean had higher shoot DM, leaf area, total root length, and shoot P concentration than Emerson when plants were grown with WS at each level of P. Sorghum shoot and root P concentrations were higher as P level increased regardless of WS, and WS had little effect on shoot P concentration, but root P concentration was higher. Contents of P were similar for SA7078 and Redlan regardless of P or WS treatment, but SA7078 had greater P contents than Redlan over all P and WS treatments. "Drought-resistant" cultivars generally had better growth traits, especially total and specific root lengths, than "drought-sensitive" cultivars. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Al-Karaki, G N AU - Clark, R B AU - Sullivan, CY AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservation Res. Lab., P.O. Box 867, Airport Rd., Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 563 EP - 578 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - moisture level KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - beans KW - plant growth KW - crops KW - phosphorus KW - drought KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15585525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Effects+of+phosphorus+and+water+stress+levels+on+growth+and+phosphorus+uptake+of+bean+and+sorghum+cultivars&rft.au=Al-Karaki%2C+G+N%3BClark%2C+R+B%3BSullivan%2C+CY&rft.aulast=Al-Karaki&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phosphorus; water stress; plant growth; crops; beans; drought ER - TY - CONF T1 - Herbivorous insects and global change: Potential changes in the spatial distribution of forest defoliator outbreaks AN - 15584706; 3911132 AB - The geographical ranges and the spatial extent of outbreaks of herbivorous species are likely to shift with climatic change. We investigated potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in Oregon, U.S.A. and the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. using maps of historical defoliation, climate and forest composition in a geographic information system. Maps of defoliation frequency were assembled using historical aerial reconnaissance data. Maps of monthly means of daily temperature maxima and minima and of monthly precipitation averaged over 30 years were developed using an interpolation technique. All maps were at a spatial resolution of 2 x 2 km. Relationships between defoliation status and the environmental variables were modelled using a linear discriminant function. Five climatic change scenarios were investigated: an increase of 2 degree C, a 2 degree increase with an increase of 0.5 mm per day in precipitation, a 2 degree C increase with an equivalent decrease in precipitation, and equilibrium projections of temperature and precipitation by two general circulation models (GCMs) at doubled CO sub(2). With an increase in temperature alone, the projected defoliated area decreased relative to ambient conditions for the budworm and increased slightly for the gypsy moth. With an increase in temperature and precipitation, the defoliated area increased for both species. Conversely, the defoliated area decreased for both when temperature increased and precipitation decreased. Results for the GCM scenarios contrasted sharply. For the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Laboratory model, defoliation by budworm was projected to cover Oregon completely, whereas no defoliation was projected by gypsy moth in Pennsylvania. For the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model, defoliation disappeared completely for the budworm and slightly exceeded that under ambient conditions for the gypsy moth. The results are discussed in terms of potential changes in forest species composition. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Williams, D W AU - Liebhold, AM Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 665 EP - 671 VL - 22 IS - 4-5 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - pest outbreaks KW - climatic changes KW - Choristoneura occidentalis KW - spatial distribution KW - defoliation KW - USA KW - herbivory KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Herbivorous+insects+and+global+change%3A+Potential+changes+in+the+spatial+distribution+of+forest+defoliator+outbreaks&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLiebhold%2C+AM&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel method of isolating taxanes from cell suspension cultures of yew (Taxus spp.) AN - 15584625; 3916465 AB - A method is described to isolate a mixture of taxanes from cell suspension cultures of Taxus species. The aqueous suspension medium is pre-filtered and centrifuged to remove cellular debris, and then passed through either nylon or PVDF membranes. Contaminants are washed from the membranes and the taxanes are eluted with appropriate solvents. This method provides a rapid, efficient, and inexpensive means of extracting taxanes from cell suspension medium, as well as a significant reduction in the total volume of solvents used. (DBO) JF - Journal of Liquid Chromatography AU - Ketchum, REB AU - Gibson, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Prot. Res. Unit, US Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14882, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1093 EP - 1111 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0148-3919, 0148-3919 KW - taxane KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Taxus KW - suspension culture KW - isolation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography&rft.atitle=A+novel+method+of+isolating+taxanes+from+cell+suspension+cultures+of+yew+%28Taxus+spp.%29&rft.au=Ketchum%2C+REB%3BGibson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ketchum&rft.aufirst=REB&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=978-0-415-88985-8&rft.btitle=Crying+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Tears+of+history&rft.title=Crying+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Tears+of+history&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - suspension culture; isolation; Taxus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC for the analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled fumonisin B sub(1) AN - 15583289; 3909841 AB - Because of the presence of charged tricarballylic acid groups, the fumonisins can be separated by electrophoretic techniques. Fluorescein isothiocyanate derivatives of fumonisins B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) and B sub(2) (FB sub(2)) and hydrolyzed fumonisin B sub(1) were prepared and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The limit of detection for FB sub(1) was 2.5 x 10 super(-14) g (0.025 pg) by CZE and 8 x 10 super(-10) g (0.8 ng) by HPLC. As little as 4 ng and as much as 20 mu g of FB sub(1) were derivatized for analysis by CZE. Derivatization of amounts of FB sub(1) between 0.2 and 20 mu g yielded excellent agreement when measured by both HPLC and CZE (r super(2) = 0.9996). FB sub(1) added to equine serum at a level of 25 ng/mL could be detected after cleanup with an affinity column and analysis by CZE. This is the first reported application of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of fumonisins. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Maragos, C M AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 North Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 390 EP - 394 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - electrophoresis KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Capillary+zone+electrophoresis+and+HPLC+for+the+analysis+of+fluorescein+isothiocyanate-labeled+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - high-performance liquid chromatography; mycotoxins; electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mastitis of periparturient Holstein cattle: A phenotypic and genetic study AN - 15580295; 3905655 AB - Environmental and genetic factors affecting somatic cell scores, clinical mastitis, and IMI by minor and major pathogens were studied on 137 periparturient Holstein cows selected for milk production. Environmental effects were obtained by generalized least squares and logistic regression. Genetic parameters were from BLUP and threshold animal models. Lactation number affected the number of quarters with clinical mastitis and the number of quarters infected with minor pathogens. The DIM affected somatic cell score and number of quarters infected with major pathogens. Heritabilities for all mastitis indicators averaged 10%, but differences occurred among the indicators. Correlations between breeding values of the number of quarters infected with minor pathogens and the number infected with major pathogens were antagonistic and statistically significant. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Detilleux, J C AU - Kehrli, ME Jr AU - Freeman, A E AU - Fox, L K AU - Kelley, D H AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2285 EP - 2293 VL - 78 IS - 10 SN - 2099-2314, 2099-2314 KW - cattle KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - environmental factors KW - phenotypes KW - mastitis KW - genetic factors KW - J 02862:Infection KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15580295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Mastitis+of+periparturient+Holstein+cattle%3A+A+phenotypic+and+genetic+study&rft.au=Detilleux%2C+J+C%3BKehrli%2C+ME+Jr%3BFreeman%2C+A+E%3BFox%2C+L+K%3BKelley%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Detilleux&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=20992314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mastitis; phenotypes; genetic factors; environmental factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphometric analysis of CD4 super(+), CD8 super(+), and gamma / delta super(+) T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strains RB51 and 19 AN - 15580214; 3905626 AB - T-lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in vivo by computer-assisted morphometry of superficial cervical lymph nodes of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus. Twenty-four 8-month-old Hereford heifers were injected subcutaneously in the axillary area with 1 x 10 super(10) live B. abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 12) or strain 19 (S19, n = 6) suspended in 2 ml of saline. Six control heifers were injected with sterile saline. Lymph nodes were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks postvaccination. Both SRB51 and S19 were cultured from lymph nodes, but SRB51 persisted for a longer period after vaccination (10 weeks) than S19 (6 weeks). Cryostat sections were incubated with monoclonal antibody to CD4 (IL-A11), CD8 (IL-A51), or gamma / delta (IL-A29) bovine T-cell surface antigen and processed for immunoperoxidase staining. Numbers of stained lymphocytes in randomly selected fields were calculated using image-analysis software. There were no significant differences in the number (P = 0.07) or relative proportions (P = 0.22) of CD4 super(+), CD8 super(+), and gamma / delta super(+) lymphocytes in SRB51, S19, and control lymph nodes. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the three T-cell subsets (P = 0.001). The CD4 super(+) cells were most closely grouped and the gamma / delta super(+) cells had the most widely scattered distribution, regardless of vaccination status. The results support other studies indicating lymphocyte depletion is not a sequela of infection with B. abortus vaccine strains given to conventionally reared cattle. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Kunkle, R A AU - Steadham, E M AU - Cheville, N F AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Brucellosis Res. Unit, USDA/ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 271 EP - 279 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - CD4 antigen KW - CD8 antigen KW - gamma chain KW - delta chain KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - T-cell receptor KW - lymphocytes T KW - Brucella abortus KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - F 06755:Subpopulations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15580214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Morphometric+analysis+of+CD4+super%28%2B%29%2C+CD8+super%28%2B%29%2C+and+gamma+%2F+delta+super%28%2B%29+T-lymphocytes+in+lymph+nodes+of+cattle+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+strains+RB51+and+19&rft.au=Kunkle%2C+R+A%3BSteadham%2C+E+M%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Kunkle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; T-cell receptor; lymphocytes T; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of cellulose-acetate electrophoresis for rapid identification of allozyme genotypes of Phytophthora infestans AN - 15576381; 3908083 AB - Cellulose-acetate electrophoresis (CAE) provided excellent resolution of allozyme genotypes of Phytophthora infestans at the two loci Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) and Peptidase (Pep). The cellulose-acetate system has many advantages over traditional starch gel analyses. It is much faster, running in only 15 to 20 min compared to 16 to 18 h for starch gels, and because of the short run times the gels do not need to be cooled during electrophoresis. Cellulose acetate is purchased as precast plates, which eliminates the time required to pour starch gels. Both Gpi and Pep can be analyzed using a single buffer in the CAE system, whereas four buffers are required to resolve these enzymes using starch gels. Finally, only very small amounts of tissue (e.g., 3,000 sporangia washed from lesions or infected tuber slices) are required for CAE, so it can be useful even when the fungus has not been isolated into axenic culture. These advantages may allow CAE to be useful as a diagnostic tool in field situations, where rapid determination of genotypes could aid disease management strategies. Because populations of P. infestans in the United States and Canada currently are highly clonal, mating type and response to metalaxyl are highly correlated with allozyme genotype. Therefore, CAE of allozyme genotypes could provide a rapid, accurate method for predicting mating types and metalaxyl sensitivities of P. infestans within fields. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goodwin, S B AU - Schneider, R E AU - Fry, W E AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Bot. Plant Pathol., 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1181 EP - 1185 VL - 79 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - cellulose-acetate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - electrophoresis KW - enzymes KW - isoenzymes KW - identification KW - genotypes KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15576381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Use+of+cellulose-acetate+electrophoresis+for+rapid+identification+of+allozyme+genotypes+of+Phytophthora+infestans&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S+B%3BSchneider%2C+R+E%3BFry%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora infestans; isoenzymes; genotypes; electrophoresis; identification; enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Additional sources of stem canker resistance in soybean plant introductions AN - 15575705; 3905137 AB - Stem canker caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. f. sp. meridionalis Morgan-Jones can cause significant yield losses in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] in the southern USA. Many genotypes are known to be resistant to the disease; however, little is known about the inheritance of resistance and allelic relationships of genes conferring resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance in two germplasm accessions, PI 230976 and PI 398469, and define allelic relationships with the four described genes. Each PI was crossed with a susceptible genotype, J77-339, and the four lines carrying Rdc1, Rdc2, Rdc3, or Rdc4. Crosses were made in the field at Stoneville, MS, in 1992, and F sub(1) backcrosses to J77-339 were made in 1993. Plants of parents and 10 F sub(2) populations were toothpick inoculated in the field in 1993. The F sub(2:3) and backcross populations were later evaluated in a greenhouse. The F sub(2) populations derived from J77-339 x PI 230976 and J77-339 x PI 398469 approached a 3 resistant/1 susceptible ratio indicating that a single dominant gene for resistance is carried by each plant introduction. The F sub(3) data confirmed this result. Backcross data substantiated complete dominance. Response of all F sub(2) populations derived from crosses with genotypes carrying known genes suggested a 15:1 ratio indicating nonallelism. It is not known if both plant introductions carry the same gene. These sources of resistance may lessen genetic vulnerability should new virulent isolates overcome sources now used by breeders. JF - Crop Science AU - Tyler, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Soybean Production Res. Unit, P.O. Box 196, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 376 EP - 377 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - stem canker KW - Diaporthe phaseolorum KW - Glycine max KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15575705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Additional+sources+of+stem+canker+resistance+in+soybean+plant+introductions&rft.au=Tyler%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Diaporthe phaseolorum; stem canker; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose of black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) AN - 15573737; 3908097 AB - Necrotic leaf spots, stem lesions, and branch dieback on Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. were first observed in the southern Appalachians in 1989. Isolations repeated over several years consistently yielded Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds. Botryosphaeria spp. and a Phomopsis sp. were also occasionally isolated. Field inoculations were conducted in June 1993. Conidial suspensions (100,000 spores/ml) of each possible pathogen were applied to one small branch on each of five replicate mature trees. Control branches were sprayed with sterile water. Inoculated branches and controls were left bagged for 2 weeks. After 3 months, some necrotic leafspots were observed in all treatments. The percent leaf area infected was estimated visually at 9% for C. acutatum, 1.8% for the Phomopsis sp., 1.0% for Discula destructiva Redlin, and 0.8% for the controls. Colletotrichum acutatum was reisolated from 100% of leafspots in the C. acutatum-inoculated branches, 86% of the D. destructiva-inoculated branches, and 33% of the control branches, suggesting the presence of natural inoculum of C. acutatum. Discula destructiva was not reisolated from inoculated branches. The Phomopsis sp. was reisolated from 100% of leafspots on Phomopsis-inoculated branches. In 1994, five potted, healthy black gum seedlings per isolate were inoculated with 10,000 conidia/ml of C. acutatum, D. destructiva, or the Phomopsis sp. Plants were kept in plastic bags and misted frequently to maintain high humidity. On plants inoculated with C. acutatum, 55% of leaves developed necrotic lesions and 27% of shoots developed dieback. Within 3 weeks, all C. acutatum-inoculated plants were dead, and C. acutatum was reisolated from the necrotic tissue. Control plants did not develop any symptoms. Phomopsis-inoculated plants developed some leafspots, but Phomopsis could not be reisolated. We conclude that C. acutatum is the main cause of black gum anthracnose. JF - Plant Disease AU - Britton, KO AU - Anderson, R A AD - USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1187 VL - 79 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Discula destructiva KW - anthracnose KW - Nyssa sylvatica KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - Botryosphaeria KW - Phomopsis KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15573737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Colletotrichum+acutatum+causes+anthracnose+of+black+gum+%28Nyssa+sylvatica%29&rft.au=Britton%2C+KO%3BAnderson%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum acutatum; Nyssa sylvatica; Botryosphaeria; Phomopsis; Discula destructiva; anthracnose ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Damping-off of flowering dogwood seedling caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and Fusarium oxysporum AN - 15572381; 3908047 AB - Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds is known to cause leaf necrosis and limb dieback as well as lesions on fruit of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida L. Seedlots collected for a provenance study were cold-stratified in moist sand. As seedlings emerged, many developed large, watersoaked tan lesions on radicles, hypocotyls, and cotyledons. Colletotrichum acutatum and Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. were isolated from 82 and 29%, respectively, of 113 lesions. Most seedlots were primarily infected with C. acutatum, but diseased seedlings from one seedlot were 100% infected with F. oxysporum. Inoculation tests showed that both fungi completely inhibited seed germination when conidial suspensions were atomized onto emerging seedlings in sterile potting mix. In greenhouse inoculation tests, C. acutatum and F. oxysporum caused lesions similar to those originally observed, and reduced seedling survival 95 and 93%, respectively, compared with non-inoculated controls. Both fungi were reisolated from diseased tissue. This is the first report that these fungi cause damping-off of flowering dogwood. They may also be responsible for poor seed germination. JF - Plant Disease AU - Britton, KO AU - Redlin, S C AD - USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1188 VL - 79 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - damping-off KW - dieback KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - necrosis KW - Cornus florida KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15572381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Damping-off+of+flowering+dogwood+seedling+caused+by+Colletotrichum+acutatum+and+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Britton%2C+KO%3BRedlin%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum acutatum; Fusarium oxysporum; Cornus florida; damping-off; necrosis; dieback ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced physeal area and chondrocyte proliferation in Pasteurella multocida toxin-treated rats AN - 15567120; 3905178 AB - Pasteurella multocida toxin depresses weight gain in rats and pigs. It also affects tissues with rapidly dividing cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of this protein toxin on chondrocyte growth in vivo. Rats were divided into a single- or multiple-dose group and were given, respectively, either a single injection (0.15 or 0.6 mu g/kg toxin subcutaneously) or multiple injections (0.01-0.2 mu g/kg subcutaneously) of toxin. Bone (humerus) and other selected tissues were stained for bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactivity (BrDU-IR) in order to gauge cell proliferation. Physeal area was measured in rats from the multiple-dose group. Serum from single- and multiple-dose groups were tested for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) activity using a bioassay system. Decreased weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were observed in single- and multiple-dose groups of rats. Decreased BrDU-IR indices were present in the resting and proliferative zone chondrocytes of the humeral physis in rats from the multiple-dose group, as was decreased physeal area. Increased serum IL-6 bioactivity was present in rats after 24 hours, and no changes in TNF- alpha bioactivity were seen in any group. No alterations in BrDU-IR were seen in rats fed restricted (80% of control) diets. These studies show that sublethal doses of toxin decrease weight gain and affect growth of long bones through suppression of chondrocyte proliferation. These effects may be mediated by direct binding of the toxin to target cells or IL-6 but are not associated with altered feed intake or TNF-induced cachexia. JF - Veterinary Pathology AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Stabel, J R AU - Pettit, R K AU - Jacobson, C D AU - Elmquist, J K AU - Register, K B AU - Rimler, R B AU - Hilton, J H AD - USDA/ARS/MWA, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 674 EP - 682 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - rats KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - chondrocytes KW - toxins KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - T 20011:Bone histology and pathology KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15567120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Pathology&rft.atitle=Reduced+physeal+area+and+chondrocyte+proliferation+in+Pasteurella+multocida+toxin-treated+rats&rft.au=Ackermann%2C+M+R%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BPettit%2C+R+K%3BJacobson%2C+C+D%3BElmquist%2C+J+K%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BRimler%2C+R+B%3BHilton%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; toxins; chondrocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental and engineering geology of the Wasatch Front region, 1995 Utah Geological Association field conference, September 23, 1995, road log AN - 1429839800; 2013-068842 JF - Utah Geological Association Publication AU - Horns, Daniel M AU - Evenstad, Norman C AU - Amodt, Louis A AU - Atwood, Genevieve AU - Black, Bill D AU - Hylland, Michael D AU - Keaton, Jeffrey R AU - Lund, William R AU - Rollins, Kyle AU - Vandre, Bruce C Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 533 EP - 541 PB - Utah Geological Association, Salt Lake City, UT VL - 24 SN - 0375-8176, 0375-8176 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - reclamation KW - guidebook KW - Wasatch Front KW - field trips KW - debris flows KW - liquefaction KW - road log KW - landslides KW - engineering geology KW - mass movements KW - natural hazards KW - floods KW - environmental geology KW - earthquakes KW - faults KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429839800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utah+Geological+Association+Publication&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+engineering+geology+of+the+Wasatch+Front+region%2C+1995+Utah+Geological+Association+field+conference%2C+September+23%2C+1995%2C+road+log&rft.au=Horns%2C+Daniel+M%3BEvenstad%2C+Norman+C%3BAmodt%2C+Louis+A%3BAtwood%2C+Genevieve%3BBlack%2C+Bill+D%3BHylland%2C+Michael+D%3BKeaton%2C+Jeffrey+R%3BLund%2C+William+R%3BRollins%2C+Kyle%3BVandre%2C+Bruce+C&rft.aulast=Horns&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Utah+Geological+Association+Publication&rft.issn=03758176&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1995 UGS symposium and field conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - CODEN - UGAPB4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - debris flows; earthquakes; engineering geology; environmental geology; faults; field trips; floods; geologic hazards; guidebook; landslides; liquefaction; mass movements; natural hazards; reclamation; road log; United States; Wasatch Front ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effect of tillage and rainfall on herbicide leaching to shallow groundwater AN - 13658484; 199502165 AB - The effects of tillage methods and rainfall quantities on the leaching of several herbicides to shallow groundwater were investigated over a 4-year period. Groundwater was sampled from confined and unconfined monitoring wells and analysed for atrazine, alachlor and cyanazine. Residue concentrations showed a cyclical pattern, being highest soon after application, declining during the growing season and increasing again during winter recharge. Rapid movement to groundwater with the first major rain after application suggested that preferential transport might be common. The principal factors governing leaching appeared to be the timing, amount and intensity of rainfall relative to herbicide application. JF - Chemosphere AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AD - USDA-Agrigultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 671 EP - 685 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Alachlor KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13658484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=IDEAS+Working+Paper+Series+from+RePEc&rft.atitle=A+new+videotest+for+measuring+emotion+recognition+ability&rft.au=Lyusin%2C+Dmitry%3BOvsyannikova%2C+Victoria&rft.aulast=Lyusin&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IDEAS+Working+Paper+Series+from+RePEc&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-domain reflectometry measurements of surface soil water content AN - 13657980; 199503237 AB - The possibility of using time domain reflectometry (TDR) for the determination of water content in the upper 50 mm of soil was investigated using wave guides located horizontally at depths of 13 mm and 25 mm. The probes were located in field plots of different current crop tillage history and their data recorded at hourly intervals with a data logger. The daily average soil moisture contents were calculated from the TDR data and compared with gravimetric determinations of water content. There was linear correlation between TDR computations and gravimetric determination with the wave guides at 25 mm but not with those installed at 13 mm. An automated TDR system would give continuous measurements of surface soil water content. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Nielsen, D C AU - Lagae, HJ AU - Anderson, R L AD - USDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron, Colo. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 103 EP - 105 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Time domain reflectometry KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13657980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Managed+mental+health+care+and+the+denial+of+subjectivity&rft.au=Barron%2C+James+W.&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=0-88163-202-3&rft.btitle=Psychoanalytic+therapy+as+health+care%3A+Effectiveness+and+economics+in+the+21st+century&rft.title=Psychoanalytic+therapy+as+health+care%3A+Effectiveness+and+economics+in+the+21st+century&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage and water quality in Great Lakes and cornbelt states AN - 13650831; 199505634 AB - Research carried out into the effects of agricultural drainage on water quality under the soil and climate conditions of the Great Lakes and cornbelt states of the mid-western U.S.A. is reviewed. Drainage had played an important role in the development of the region. The positive and negative effects of agricultural subsurface drainage on the quality of receiving waters are discussed. Further research was needed into the full potential of controlled drainage and water-table management systems for managing agricultural effects on water quality. There are 46 references. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Fausey, N R AU - Brown, L C AU - Belcher, H W AU - Kanwar, R S AD - USDA-ARS, Columbus, Ohio Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 283 EP - 288 VL - 121 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13650831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Drainage+and+water+quality+in+Great+Lakes+and+cornbelt+states&rft.au=Fausey%2C+N+R%3BBrown%2C+L+C%3BBelcher%2C+H+W%3BKanwar%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Fausey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taking the pulse of irrigation: a mobile irrigation lab's perspective AN - 13649671; 199600333 AB - The role and functions of the Mobile Irrigation Lab, a publicly funded irrigation evaluation team for assisting both agricultural and urban users of water in Dade county, Fla., are discussed. Irrigation systems used in Dade county are reviewed. Methods used by the Mobile Irrigation Lab to evaluate 190 systems are described. Common problems and water savings for the different types of irrigation systems used in Dade county are discussed. JF - International Water & Irrigation Review AU - Yurgalevitch, C M AU - Tenny, L S AU - Ulmer, D S AD - USDA Soil Conservation Service, Homestead, Fla. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 33 EP - 34,36 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0334-5807, 0334-5807 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13649671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Water+%26+Irrigation+Review&rft.atitle=Taking+the+pulse+of+irrigation%3A+a+mobile+irrigation+lab%27s+perspective&rft.au=Yurgalevitch%2C+C+M%3BTenny%2C+L+S%3BUlmer%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Yurgalevitch&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Water+%26+Irrigation+Review&rft.issn=03345807&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of drainage under steady rainfall versus falling water table conditions AN - 13647759; 199603048 AB - Water flow to shallow drains in a uniform sand profile and in a layered silt loam soil was studied using numerical solutions of the Richards equation. The steady-state rainfall case was compared with the falling water table case. Equipotentials, streamlines and velocity distributions were calculated for both cases. For a given drain flow rate, the steady rainfall case always showed greater flow from areas further removed from the drain than the falling water table case. Flow in the capillary fringe above the water, which could extend to near the soil surface, especially in clay and silty clay soils, was generally more horizontal for the falling water table case than for the steady rainfall case. JF - Soil Science AU - Rogers, J S AU - Selim, H M AU - Fouss, J L AD - USDA, Baton Rouge, La. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 391 EP - 399 VL - 160 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13647759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+drainage+under+steady+rainfall+versus+falling+water+table+conditions&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+S%3BSelim%2C+H+M%3BFouss%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and water management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching under irrigated maize AN - 13647522; 199603161 AB - Integrated nitrogen and water management was examined by a 3-year study of monoculture maize established on three 13.6 ha fields under different management strategies and by monitoring the nitrogen status of a maize/soybean rotation on replicated small plots under a linear-drive irrigation system. Compared to conventional furrow irrigation of monoculture, maize water application reductions of 45-69 per cent and 60-72 per cent were achieved by surge-flow furrow irrigation with laser grading and a runoff recovery system and by centre-pivot sprinkler irrigation, respectively, both allowed a more uniform application. Chlorophyll meter measurements and aerial photographs indicated the need to commence fertigation (injecting nitrogen fertilizer into irrigation water) to maintain crop nitrogen status. Savings of 168 kg and 105 kg nitrogen per ha were obtained in the first and second years, respectively, without any yield reduction. Chlorophyll meter readings and crop yields were consistently higher for the maize /soybean rotation than for monoculture maize. Interactive decision-making based on nutrient availability, crop growth and climatic conditions could sustain profitability while minimizing the risk of groundwater contamination. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Schepers, J S AU - Varvel, GE AU - Watts, D G AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Agronomy Department, Lincoln, Nebr. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 227 EP - 239 VL - 20 IS - 3/4 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Fertigation KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13647522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+water+management+strategies+to+reduce+nitrate+leaching+under+irrigated+maize&rft.au=Schepers%2C+J+S%3BVarvel%2C+GE%3BWatts%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Schepers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geomorphic and pedologic influence on small-scale ephemeral channel dimension in rangelands AN - 13645501; 199602570 AB - The dominant processes controlling channel geometry in 8 zero-order drainages with an average area of 0.096 km2 in the Logan river catchment, Utah, were investigated by measuring soil properties and channel dimensions. Data were examined by analysis of variance and regression analysis. With the exception of one area, soil cohesion was low with plasticity indices below 15. The effects of catchment-scale geomorphic variables on channel dimensions were investigated. Bankfull width was highly correlated with channel length and valley length. A strong canonical correlation showed that the distance from the catchment divide, bank liquid limit and bank sand content were effective predictor variables of bankfull width and depth. The interrelations between geomorphic and pedogenic processes were the strongest determinants of ephemeral channel dimensions. There are 38 references. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - George, H W AU - Sidle, R C AD - USDA Forest Service, La Grande, Ore. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1051 EP - 1062 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Pedogenic KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13645501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Geomorphic+and+pedologic+influence+on+small-scale+ephemeral+channel+dimension+in+rangelands&rft.au=George%2C+H+W%3BSidle%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual deep ploughing effects on irrigation intake for Pullman clay loam AN - 13644488; 199601892 AB - Pullman clay loam (Bushland, Tex.) was deep tilled in 1966 by moldboard ploughing to 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 m depths to evaluate inversion and mixing of soil horizons. Irrigation intake effects over a 5 year period from 1988 are reported during cropping of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatment effects on irrigation water intake, evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency are tabulated. Surface tillage layer permeability was restored by ploughing to 0.2 m. Subsequent ploughing to 0.4 m and 0.6 m during cropping years resulted in an increase in intake of between 129 and 163 mm and 52 mm, respectively. There was no additional increase associated with ploughing to 0.8 m. Grain yields increased by 19 per cent from 4.2-5.0 Mg per ha. The 1996 deep tillage increased deep soil water storage between depths of 1 and 2.3 m depths between 1988 and 1992. Water use efficiencies were approximately 8 per cent greater. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Allen, R R AU - Musick, J T AU - Schneider, AD AD - USDA-ARS, Bushland, Tex. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1424 EP - 1429 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13644488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Residual+deep+ploughing+effects+on+irrigation+intake+for+Pullman+clay+loam&rft.au=Allen%2C+R+R%3BMusick%2C+J+T%3BSchneider%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement and analysis of small-scale convective storm rainfall variability AN - 13644111; 199602028 AB - Ways in which spatial rainfall variability affected the performance of runoff models for small catchments (up to 5 ha) were investigated at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona. Precipitation measurement uncertainty arising from gauge type, calibration, placement and the impact of wind is considered. The question of whether sufficient spatial and temporal variability existed to have a significant effect on the estimate of areal precipitation over the catchment is addressed. Analysis indicated the presence of first-order drift with rainfall gradients ranging from 0.28 to 2.48 mm per 100 m with an average of 1.2 mm per 100 m. The assumption of spatial uniformity appeared to be invalid. There are 65 references. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Faures, J M AU - Woolhiser, DA AU - Lane, L J AU - Sorooshian, S AD - USDA-ARS, Tucson, Ariz. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 283 EP - 308 VL - 173 IS - 1/4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Analysis KW - Gauges KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13644111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Measurement+and+analysis+of+small-scale+convective+storm+rainfall+variability&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+D+C%3BFaures%2C+J+M%3BWoolhiser%2C+DA%3BLane%2C+L+J%3BSorooshian%2C+S&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future Projections AN - 1302525666 JF - Advances in Agronomy Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 154 CY - New York PB - Academic Press VL - 55 SN - 0065-2113 KW - Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1302525666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.atitle=Future+Projections&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.issn=00652113&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant Genome Database AN - 1302525559 JF - Advances in Agronomy Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 147 CY - New York PB - Academic Press VL - 55 SN - 0065-2113 KW - Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1302525559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.atitle=Plant+Genome+Database&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.issn=00652113&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress AN - 1302525495 JF - Advances in Agronomy Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 115 CY - New York PB - Academic Press VL - 55 SN - 0065-2113 KW - Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1302525495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.atitle=Progress&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.issn=00652113&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction AN - 1302525321 JF - Advances in Agronomy Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 113 CY - New York PB - Academic Press VL - 55 SN - 0065-2113 KW - Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1302525321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Agronomy&rft.issn=00652113&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-24 ER -