TY - JOUR T1 - Dusky Sap Beetle Mediated Dispersal of Bacillus subtilis to Inhibit Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production in Maize Zea mays L. AN - 16553331; 4371988 AB - Laboratory assays were performed with detached milk stage maize (Zea mays L.) ears and dusky sap beetles (Carpophilus lugubris Murray) carrying the Kodiak Concentrate formulation of the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn. After 1 day of exposure to the B. subtilis-contaminated C. lugubris, the colonization of mechanically damaged kernels by Aspergillus flavus Link ex. Fries was reduced from 82% (if the A. flavus was inoculated first) to 41% (if B. subtilis was added by C. lugubris before the A. flavus). Field cage studies were performed with an autoinoculative device containing B. subtilis into which C. lugubris beetles were introduced. C. lugubris-dispersed B. subtilis reduced visible A. flavus colonization by 97% when the A. flavus was added to purposely damaged maize ears 4 days after C. lugubris were released from the autoinoculator. In 1993 field studies, none of the purposely damaged ears that allowed access to C. lugubris beetles emerging from autoinoculators containing B. subtilis had visible sporulating A. flavus compared with 92% of ears that did not allow access of C. lugubris but that subsequently had the A. flavus inoculum added. In 1994 field studies, 70% of the ears that excluded C. lugubris had aflatoxin levels greater than 200 ppb in purposely damaged kernels, as opposed to less than 10% of kernels that permitted access by natural populations of C. lugubris that probably acquired B. subtilis from a single autoinoculator. Aflatoxin levels in these ears were negatively correlated with the presence of both B. subtilis and C. lugubris. The B. subtilis was widely dispersed over a 16-ha area as indicated by maize ear and C. lugubris trap sampling. These studies indicate that autoinoculative dispersal of B. subtilis by natural populations of C. lugubris is a potentially useful means for reducing A. flavus and aflatoxin in maize. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Dowd, P F AU - Vega, F E AU - Nelsen, T C AU - Richard, J L AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 221 EP - 235 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Dusky sap beetle KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Aflatoxins KW - Disease resistance KW - Zea mays KW - Carpophilus lugubris KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16553331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Dusky+Sap+Beetle+Mediated+Dispersal+of+Bacillus+subtilis+to+Inhibit+Aspergillus+flavus+and+Aflatoxin+Production+in+Maize+Zea+mays+L.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BVega%2C+F+E%3BNelsen%2C+T+C%3BRichard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus subtilis; Carpophilus lugubris; Zea mays; Aflatoxins; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis infection between groups of chicks in controlled-environment isolation cabinets AN - 16552738; 4373263 AB - Although direct contact with infected birds and indirect contact with contaminated environmental surfaces are known to be important factors in the dissemination of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks, the potential role of airborne transmission is less clearly defined. This study considered the mechanism by which S. enteritidis might spread between groups of chicks housed in controlled-environment disease transmission cabinets, separated by an unoccupied space that prevented any direct or indirect contact. Airflow in these cabinets was directed across the unoccupied area from one ("upstream") group of chicks to the other ("downstream") group. In each of four replicate trials, two groups of 25 chicks were placed in the upstream ends of transmission cabinets and orally inoculated with S. enteritidis at 1 week of age. One day later, 25 1-day-old chicks were placed in the downstream end of each cabinet. When chicks were removed and sampled at 3 and 7 days postinoculation, S. enteritidis was found on the feathers of 77% of the downstream chicks. Moreover, 33% of the downstream chicks became infected with S. interitidis. The comparative frequencies of recovery of S. enteritidis from various downstream sampling sites suggested that infection was apparently transmitted principally by oral ingestion, perhaps from environmental surfaces contaminated by airborne movement of the pathogen. Reducing the airborne movement of S. enteritidis in poultry houses should thus help limit the spread of infection within flocks and thereby diminish the incidence of production of contaminated eggs. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Mitchell, B W AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 315 EP - 320 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Air pollution KW - Salmonellosis KW - Airborne microorganisms KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Airborne+transmission+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+between+groups+of+chicks+in+controlled-environment+isolation+cabinets&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BMitchell%2C+B+W%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; Disease transmission; Airborne microorganisms; Salmonellosis; Air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton response to high frequency surface irrigation AN - 16393980; 4313498 AB - High frequency irrigation with surface irrigation methods has been proposed as a means to increase cotton productivity in cases where drip irrigation or other pressurized systems are not economically justifiable. Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate the effects of surface irrigation frequency on the growth, lint yield and water use for a semi-determinate cotton cultivar in central Arizona. Cotton was grown in level basins on a sandy loam under three irrigation treatments defined as low frequency irrigation for the whole season (L), high frequency irrigation for the whole season (H), and low frequency irrigation until the initiation of rapid fruiting, high frequency during rapid fruiting, and low frequency after rapid fruiting (LHL). The treatments were governed by the percentage of allowable soil water depletion within the effective root zone, and the allowable depletion targets for low and high frequency irrigation were 55 and 30%, respectively. An irrigation scheduling program calculated the soil water depletion within the estimated cotton root depth on a daily basis for each treatment and was used to project the dates and amounts for treatment irrigations. In 1993, seven, 14, and 11 irrigations and in 1994 eight, 13 and 10 irrigations were given to the L, H, and LHL treatments, respectively. The total amount of water applied including rainfall differed among the treatments by 4% in 1993 and by 1% in 1994. Soil water measurements indicated that actual soil water depletion within the estimated cotton root depth immediately before treatment irrigations was close to the intended treatment allowable depletion targets for the majority of the growing season. Cotton growth and lint yields were maximized under the H treatment, and yields in this treatment averaged 15 and 21% more lint than the L treatment for the first and second seasons, respectively. The LHL treatment, although not as effective in increasing crop productivity as the H treatment, out yielded the low frequency treatment by an average of 10% in the two seasons. Crop evapotranspiration determined from the soil water balance was 8 and 9% higher for the H than the L treatment and 3 and 5% higher for the LHL than the L treatment in 1993 and 1994, respectively. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Fangmeier, D D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1998/06/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 01 SP - 55 EP - 74 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16393980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cotton+response+to+high+frequency+surface+irrigation&rft.au=Hunsaker%2C+D+J%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BFangmeier%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Hunsaker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of public policy in the use of conservation tillage in the USA AN - 16435264; 4331188 AB - A number of policy tools are used to reduce soil erosion from agricultural lands in the United States, including education and technical assistance, financial assistance, land retirement and conservation compliance requirements. Education and technical assistance by public and private sources can be effective in promoting the adoption of conservation tillage by farmers for whom that practice will be profitable. Financial incentives may be necessary to induce the voluntary adoption of conservation tillage by farmers for whom the practice would not be more profitable than conventional tillage but on whose land the use of conservation tillage would provide substantial offsite benefits. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Uri, N D AD - Resources Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1998/05/14/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 14 SP - 89 EP - 102 VL - 216 IS - 1-2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16435264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=The+role+of+public+policy+in+the+use+of+conservation+tillage+in+the+USA&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-05-14&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The environmental benefits and costs of conservation tillage AN - 16433382; 4331183 AB - Every production practice, including conservation tillage, has positive or negative environmental consequences that may involve air, land, water and/or the health and ecological status of wildlife. The negative impacts associated with agricultural production and the use of conventional tillage systems in particular, include soil erosion, energy use, leaching and runoff of agricultural chemicals and carbon emissions. Several of these impacts are quantified. The conclusions suggest that the use of conservation tillage does result in less of an adverse impact on the environment from agricultural production than does conventional tillage by reducing surface water runoff, wind erosion and to some extent the enhancement of wildlife habitat. The benefits to be gained from carbon sequestration will depend on the soil remaining undisturbed and further expansion of conservation tillage on highly erodible land will unquestionably result in an increase in social benefits but the expected gains will be modest. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Uri, N D AU - Atwood, J D AU - Sanabria, J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Resources Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1998/05/14/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 14 SP - 13 EP - 32 VL - 216 IS - 1-2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - tillage KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16433382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=The+environmental+benefits+and+costs+of+conservation+tillage&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D%3BAtwood%2C+J+D%3BSanabria%2C+J&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-05-14&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest disturbance in hurricane-related downbursts in the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina AN - 16199659; 4277097 AB - We characterized five 0.2-1.1 ha gaps created by downbursts during Hurricane Opal in xeric oak forest at the Bent Creek Experimental Forest, Asheville, NC. Direction of windthrow was nonrandom in four of the five gaps, but differed among gaps suggesting that each was caused by an independent downburst. Windthrows reduced tree density by 19-39% and basal area (BA) by 30-53% within gaps. Most windthrows were uprooted (17-38% of all trees) versus broken below 1.8 m height (0-3%). Most species were uprooted in proportion to their abundance regardless of canopy position. Red oaks (Quercus coccinea, Quercus rubra and Quercus velutina) were disproportionately uprooted, while Nyssa sylvatica and Acer rubrum were resistant to uprooting. As a group, Quercus lost 27-47% of individuals and 41-50% of BA. Q. coccinea lost greater than or equal to 44% of trees and >55% of BA in sites where it occurred. Only minor shifts in canopy species dominance were evident. For several species, significantly more large-diameter individuals uprooted than their smaller counterparts. No relationship between dbh and number uprooted was detected for the red oaks, however. Canopy position appeared to have little bearing on this relationship. Uprooting disturbed 1.6-4.3% of the ground area and displaced 130-587 m 3 of root-soil-rock masses (rootmasses) per gap. We suggest that episodic, high-intensity wind is not uncommon, and has a substantial influence on forest structure, species composition, regeneration and microtopography of the southern Appalachian mountains at variable scales. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AU - McNab, W H AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Research and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806 USA Y1 - 1998/05/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 12 SP - 179 EP - 191 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 104 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16199659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Forest+disturbance+in+hurricane-related+downbursts+in+the+Appalachian+mountains+of+North+Carolina&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BMcNab%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1998-05-12&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revised model for aerobic growth of Shigella flexneri to extend the validity of predictions at temperatures between 10 and 19 degree C AN - 16541352; 4351194 AB - Although Shigella is a major foodborne pathogen, its growth in foods has received little attention. Growth of S. flexneri 5348 inoculated into commercially available sterile foods (canned broths, meat, fish, UHT milk, baby foods) was studied at 10 to 37 degree C. S. flexneri was enumerated by surface-plating on Tryptic Soy Agar and growth curves were fitted by means of the Gompertz equation. Observed growth kinetics values and values calculated using a previously developed response surface model compared favorably for growth at 19 to 37 degree C, but not at <19 degree C. To refine the model, additional data were collected for growth at 10 to 19 degree C. A total of 844 tests in BHI broth, representing 197 variable combinations of temperature (10-37 degree C), pH (5.0-7.5), NaCl (0.5-5.0%) and NaNO sub(2) (0-1000 ppm) was used for the revised model. The revised model, developed in BHI, gave significantly better agreement of calculated growth kinetics values with those observed in foods at 10 to 19 degree C. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Zaika, L L AU - Phillips, J G AU - Fanelli, J S AU - Scullen, O J AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lzaika@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/05/05/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 05 SP - 9 EP - 19 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food KW - Shigella flexneri KW - Models KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Revised+model+for+aerobic+growth+of+Shigella+flexneri+to+extend+the+validity+of+predictions+at+temperatures+between+10+and+19+degree+C&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G%3BFanelli%2C+J+S%3BScullen%2C+O+J&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-05-05&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella flexneri; Models; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial learning and memory deficits induced by dopamine administration with decreased glutathione. AN - 79939566; 9626569 AB - Administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively inhibits glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and induces a GSH deficiency. Decreased GSH levels in the brain may result in less oxidative stress (OS) protection, because GSH contributes substantially to intracellular antioxidant defense. Under these conditions, administration of the pro-oxidant, dopamine (DA), which rapidly oxidizes to form reactive oxygen species, may increase OS. To test the cognitive behavioral consequences of decreased GSH, BSO (3.2 mg in 30 microliters, intracerebroventricularly) was administered to male Fischer 344 rats every other day for 4 days. In addition, DA (15 microliters of 500 microM) was administered every day [either 1 h after BSO (BSO + DA group) or 1 h before BSO (DA + BSO group), when given on the same day as BSO] and spatial learning and memory assessed (Morris water maze, six trials/day). BSO + DA rats, but not DA + BSO rats, demonstrated cognitive impairment compared to a vehicle group, as evidenced by increased latencies to find the hidden platform, particularly on the first trial each day. Also, the BSO + DA group utilized non-spatial strategies during the probe trials (swim with no platform): i.e., less time spent in the platform quadrant, fewer crossings and longer latencies to the previous platform location, and more time spent in the platform quadrant, fewer crossings and longer latencies to the previous platform location, and more time spent around the edge of the pool rather than in the platform zone. Therefore, the cognitive behavioral consequences of decreasing GSH brain levels with BSO in conjunction with DA administration depends on the order of administration. These findings are similar to those seen previously on rod and plank walking performance, as well as to those seen in aged rats, suggesting that the oxidation of DA coupled with a reduced capacity to respond to oxidative stress may be responsible for the induction of age-related cognitive deficits. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Erat, S A AU - Joseph, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. hale_ne@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1149 EP - 1158 VL - 24 IS - 7-8 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Free Radicals KW - 0 KW - Oxidants KW - Buthionine Sulfoximine KW - 5072-26-4 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Spatial Behavior -- physiology KW - Aging -- psychology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Spatial Behavior -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Buthionine Sulfoximine -- pharmacology KW - Oxidants -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Memory -- physiology KW - Glutathione -- physiology KW - Glutathione -- deficiency KW - Dopamine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79939566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Spatial+learning+and+memory+deficits+induced+by+dopamine+administration+with+decreased+glutathione.&rft.au=Shukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BErat%2C+S+A%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Shukitt-Hale&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mediation of deet repellency in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) by species, age, and parity. AN - 79918259; 9615557 AB - Laboratory bioassays assessed differences in the protection time provided by the repellent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against 5-d-old nulliparous and 10-, 15-, and 20-d-old nulliparous and parous female Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles albimanus (Weidemann), and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say sensu lato. Mean protection time was shortest against An. albimanus (1.6 h) and An. quadrimaculatus (1.5 h) and longest against Ae. aegypti (6.5 h), but was not significantly influenced by mosquito age or parity. Mean percentage of biting at repellent failure time was highest in An. albimanus (14.2%), followed by An. quadrimaculatus (7.0%) and Ae. aegypti (2.9%), was higher in parous females (10.8%) than in nulliparous females (5.9%), and was highest overall (35%) in 20-d-old parous An. albimanus. Interaction between mosquito species and parity and between parity and age factors, respectively, resulted from a significant decrease in percentage of biting by parous An. quadrimaculatus compared with other females, and a significant increase in biting by 20-d-old parous females compared with other females. The main finding of this study is that repellent protection time is unaffected by parity; this is important because parous mosquitoes are the primary target of personal-protection measures in disease-endemic areas. When repellent failure did occur, there was a higher risk of bite by old, parous An. albimanus than for any other species, age, or parity grouping of females. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Barnard, D R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 340 EP - 343 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anopheles -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Aedes -- drug effects KW - Anopheles -- growth & development KW - Age Factors KW - Reproduction KW - Species Specificity KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Aedes -- growth & development KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Culicidae -- growth & development KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology KW - Culicidae -- drug effects KW - DEET -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79918259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Mediation+of+deet+repellency+in+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+by+species%2C+age%2C+and+parity.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Level basin design based on cutoff criteria AN - 755133039; 13633674 AB - This paper describes a new procedure for the design of level-basin irrigation systems which is based on the irrigator's cutoff criteria. Design with this procedure, hopefully, will be more transferable to users and will allow basin designs to be adopted to local practices. Comparisons are made to existing design procedures, and it is shown that many of them can be expressed in terms of this new procedure, available in the form of a computer program. A sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the desirability of these new guidelines on design. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the cutoff distance can be adjusted to account for changes in vegetative roughness. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Clemmens, A J AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 85 EP - 113 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cutoffs KW - Irrigation KW - Basins KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Computer Programs KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Standards KW - Drainage Systems KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - Q2 09381:Cables KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755133039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+simple+transient+assay+for+Ac%2FDs+activity+in+cells+of+intact+barley+tissue&rft.au=McElroy%2C+D%3BLouwerse%2C+J+D%3BMcElroy%2C+S+M%3BLemaux%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Irrigation; Sensitivity Analysis; Computer Programs; Irrigation Systems; Cutoffs; Basins; Standards; Drainage Systems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005986006030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of growth medium on thermal resistance of Pediococcus sp. NRRL B-2354 (formerly Micrococcus freudenreichii) in liquid foods. AN - 73882418; 9709230 AB - Pediococcus sp. is a nonpathogenic heat-resistant spoilage organism that has been used as a test organism in milk pasteurization studies. These characteristics make this bacterium an attractive test organism to study the mode of bacterial thermal inactivation in a food pilot plant. We report here the effect of growth medium on the thermal D value of this organism in skim milk, whole liquid egg, 10% glucose solution, pineapple juice, apple juice, tomato juice, and water at 60 degrees C. Thermal inactivation was done in a submerged coil; D values were calculated from the linear portion of the survival curves by linear regression analysis. The range of D values of stationary-phase cells grown at 28 degrees C in tryptone glucose yeast extract (TGY) or tryptic soy broth (TSB) was 0.14 to 12.05 min in all heating menstrua tested. The TSB-grown cells exhibited the highest thermal resistance with skim milk and 10% glucose solution as the heating menstrua. Survival curves of the TGY-grown cells indicated the presence of a cell population heterogeneous in thermal resistance. The TSB-grown cells exhibited a cell population uniform in thermal resistance and with a lag time for thermal inactivation. When compared to TGY-grown cells, Pediococcus sp. grown in TSB showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in D values by up to eightfold in all heating menstrua. Results from this study suggested that thermal inactivation of Pediococcus sp. was dependent on the growth medium and on the heating menstruum with respect to both pH and composition. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Annous, B A AU - Kozempel, M F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. bannous@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 578 EP - 581 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Animals KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Fruit KW - Spores KW - Cell Survival -- physiology KW - Hot Temperature KW - Pediococcus -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73882418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Influence+of+growth+medium+on+thermal+resistance+of+Pediococcus+sp.+NRRL+B-2354+%28formerly+Micrococcus+freudenreichii%29+in+liquid+foods.&rft.au=Annous%2C+B+A%3BKozempel%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Annous&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic carbon sequestration under chaparral and pine after four decades of soil development AN - 52604210; 1998-033373 AB - Soils are the largest carbon reservoir of terrestrial ecosystems, and play a central role in the global carbon cycle. The large lysimeter installation at the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California allowed quantification of carbon storage in a biosequence of soils under chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. and Arn.), hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius Torr.), scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.), and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri B. Don). After four decades of soil development, carbon sequestration in the lysimeters ranged from 4552 to 17,561 g m (super -2) . Carbon accretion in the mineral soils (0-1 m) under chaparral represented a larger percentage of total above-ground biomass (23-27%) as compared to the pine (13%). Also, contribution of the A horizon to whole soil (0-1 m) OC sequestration was higher under chaparral than under pine. Carbon accretion in the surface horizons was related to earthworm activity, which was intense under scrub oak, but absent under pine. Soils sampled in 1987 and corresponding archived fill materials were fractionated according to density and mineral particle size fractions, and analyzed for OC and N by dry combustion. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in all mineral soil fractions can be ranked from highest to lowest by plant species: ceanothus > chamise > scrub oak > Coulter pine. Under chaparral, a greater proportion of total soil carbon was recovered in the sand fraction as compared to the pine. The C/N ratio of this sand-sized organic matter was higher under chaparral than under pine. This is indicative of fresh plant residues that may not contribute to the long-term carbon storage in soils. JF - Geoderma AU - Quideau, S A AU - Graham, R C AU - Chadwick, O A AU - Wood, H B Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 227 EP - 242 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 83 IS - 3-4 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - Spermatophyta KW - terrestrial environment KW - biomass KW - chaparral KW - San Dimas Experimental Forest KW - ecosystems KW - Coniferales KW - vegetation KW - Dicotyledoneae KW - Pinus KW - nitrogen KW - California KW - carbon KW - Adenostoma fasciculatum KW - Quercus KW - ecology KW - organic carbon KW - mediterranean-type climate KW - lysimeters KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - forests KW - Los Angeles County California KW - Ceanothus crassifolius KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - monitoring KW - Gymnospermae KW - grain size KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - Southern California KW - Pinaceae KW - San Gabriel Mountains KW - carbon cycle KW - Angiospermae KW - storage KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52604210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Organic+carbon+sequestration+under+chaparral+and+pine+after+four+decades+of+soil+development&rft.au=Quideau%2C+S+A%3BGraham%2C+R+C%3BChadwick%2C+O+A%3BWood%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Quideau&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenostoma fasciculatum; Angiospermae; biomass; California; carbon; carbon cycle; Ceanothus crassifolius; chaparral; Coniferales; Dicotyledoneae; ecology; ecosystems; field studies; forests; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; grain size; Gymnospermae; Los Angeles County California; lysimeters; mediterranean-type climate; monitoring; nitrogen; organic carbon; organic compounds; pedogenesis; Pinaceae; Pinus; Plantae; Quercus; San Dimas Experimental Forest; San Gabriel Mountains; soils; Southern California; Spermatophyta; storage; terrestrial environment; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining optical and microwave remote sensing for mapping energy fluxes in a semiarid watershed AN - 27454962; 0331910 (EN); A98-30583 (AH) AB - A dual-source model treating the energy balance of the soil/substrate and vegetation that was developed to use radiometric surface temperature observations is revised to use remotely sensed near-surface moisture from a passive microwave sensor for estimating the soil surface energy balance. With remotely sensed images of near-surface soil moisture, land cover classification, and leaf area index, the model is applied over a semiarid area in the Walnut Gulch Watershed in southern Arizona. Differences between predicted and observed 'instantaneous' fluxes were usually comparable to the measurement uncertainties, namely, 5% for net radiation and 20-30% for soil, sensible and latent heat fluxes, except when there was large temporal and spatial variations in solar radiation across the study area. Model sensitivity to typical uncertainties in remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and near-surface (0-5 cm) water content, W, was quantified. The variation in flux predictions caused by errors in prescribing leaf area index and W was less than 30%. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Kustas, W P AU - Zhan, X AU - Schmugge, T J AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1998 SP - 116 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Environmental Engineering (EN); Aerospace & High Technology (AH) KW - REMOTE SENSING KW - SOILS KW - SUBSTRATES KW - SURFACE TEMPERATURE KW - RADIOMETERS KW - THEMATIC MAPPERS (LANDSAT) KW - CANOPIES (VEGETATION) KW - ALBEDO KW - Article KW - EE 711.2:Electromagnetic Waves in Relation to Various Structures KW - EE 741.1:Light/Optics KW - EE 921.2:Calculus (EN) KW - EE 444.1:Surface Water KW - EE 944.8:Radiation Measurements UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27454962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Blueberry+scorch+carlavirus+eliminated+from+infected+blueberry+%28Vaccinium+corymbosum%29+by+heat+therapy+and+apical+meristem+culture&rft.au=Postman%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1998-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simplified weighing lysimeter for monolithic or reconstructed soils AN - 26786400; 2001-63-010601 (CE); 0337765 (EN) AB - A simplified weighing lysimeter applicable to both monolithic and reconstructed soils was developed and tested in two lysimeters installed at Ismailia, Egypt and one installed at Bushland, Texas, USA. A monolithic lysimeter was used to measure reference grass evapotranspiration (ET) at Bushland because the dense subsoil and calcic horizon of the clay loam soil cannot be reconstructed. The desert sand at Ismailia allowed the use of reconstructed soils for measuring reference ET of alfalfa and ET of field crops. The main lysimeter components are the concrete foundation, deck scale, soil tank and enclosure consisting of a base, a tank and a top. The steel soil tank and enclosure are shop-fabricated, and the scale is commercially available. Field construction consists mainly of excavation, collection of the soil monolith, if needed, and installation of the concrete foundation. Field calibration of the Bushland lysimeter over a 214-mm (8.43 in.) ET range resulted in s sub(y/x) identical with 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) and r super(2) identical with 0.9999. Similar calibration of one of the Ismailia lysimeters over an 80-mm (3.2-in.) ET range resulted in S sub(y/x) identical with 0.02 mm (0.0008 in.) and r super(2) identical with 0.9999. In initial tests, the Kimberly-Penman equation overestimated grass reference ET, and the Penman-Monteith equation slightly underestimated grass reference ET for the Bushland environment. Hourly grass ET measured with the Bushland lysimeter agreed closely with hourly grass ET calculated by the 1963 Penman equation. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Schneider, A D AU - Howell, T A AU - Moustafa, A.T.A. AU - Evett, S R AU - Abou-Zeid, W AD - USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX, USA PY - 1998 SP - 267 EP - 272 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Grasses KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Tanks KW - Foundations KW - Enclosures KW - Calibration KW - Crops KW - Excavation KW - Loams KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Clay (material) KW - Concrete construction KW - Concretes KW - Decks KW - Deserts KW - Agricultural engineering KW - Egypt KW - Structural steels KW - Installation KW - Article KW - EE 483.1:Soils and Soil Mechanics KW - EE 631.1:Fluid Flow (General) KW - EE 601:Mechanical Design KW - EE 444.1:Surface Water KW - EE 943.3:Special Purpose Instruments KW - EE 821.4:Agricultural Products (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26786400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Simplified+weighing+lysimeter+for+monolithic+or+reconstructed+soils&rft.au=Schneider%2C+A+D%3BHowell%2C+T+A%3BMoustafa%2C+A.T.A.%3BEvett%2C+S+R%3BAbou-Zeid%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Social+and+Clinical+Psychology&rft.issn=07367236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1521%2Fjscp.23.1.1.26986 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences AN - 17577459; 4558896 AB - Approximately 500 species of ascomycetous yeasts, including members of Candida and other anamorphic genera, were analyzed for extent of divergence in the variable D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Divergence in this domain is generally sufficient to resolve individual species, resulting in the prediction that 55 currently recognized taxa are synonyms of earlier described species. Phylogenetic relationships among the ascomycetous yeasts were analyzed from D1/D2 sequence divergence. For comparison, the phylogeny of selected members of the Saccharomyces clade was determined from 18S rDNA sequences. Species relationships were highly concordant between the D1/D2 and 18S trees when branches were statistically well supported. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Kurtzman, C P AU - Robnett, C J AD - Microbial Properties Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, Kurtzman@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 331 EP - 371 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - identification KW - rRNA 26S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phylogeny KW - Yeasts KW - rRNA KW - Taxonomy KW - Ascomycetes KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17577459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing+Administration+Quarterly&rft.atitle=New+Technology+Continues+to+Invade+Healthcare%3A+What+are+the+Strategic+Implications%2FOutcomes%3F&rft.au=Smith%2C+Coy&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Coy&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing+Administration+Quarterly&rft.issn=03639568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ascomycetes; Taxonomy; rRNA; Yeasts; Phylogeny DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001761008817 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of soybean accessions from provinces in southern China to Phytophthora sojae AN - 17568885; 4387384 AB - Phytophthora rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is a damaging disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) throughout the soybean-producing regions of the world. The discovery of new sources of resistance in soybean is vital in maintaining control of Phytophthora rot, because races of the pathogen have been discovered that can attack cultivars with commonly used resistance genes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and diversity of Phytophthora-resistant soybean in southern China and identify sources that confer resistance to multiple races for implementation into breeding programs. Soybean accessions obtained from southern China were evaluated for their response to races 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 17, 20, and 25 of P. sojae using the hypocotyl inoculation technique in the greenhouse at Urbana, Illinois in 1996 and 1997. Accessions were identified that confer resistant responses to multiple races of the pathogen. These accessions may provide sources of resistance for control of Phytophthora rot of soybean in the future. The majority of the accessions with resistance to eight or more of the ten races tested were from the provinces of Hubei, Jiangsu, and Sichuan in southern China. Based on the evaluated accessions, these provinces appear to be valuable sources of Phytophthora-resistant soybean. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kyle, DE AU - Nickell, C D AU - Nelson, R L AU - Pedersen, W L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Physiology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, cnickell@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 555 EP - 559 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - soybean KW - China KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Rot KW - Phytophthora sojae KW - Glycine max KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17568885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Site+preparation+alters+soil+distribution+of+roots+and+ectomycorrhizae+on+outplanted+western+white+pine+and+Douglas-fir&rft.au=Harvey%2C+A+E%3BPage-Dumroese%2C+D+S%3BJurgensen%2C+M+F%3BGraham%2C+R+T%3BTonn%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Phytophthora sojae; Plant diseases; Rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction detection and phylogenetic characterization of an agent associated with yellow vine disease of cucurbits AN - 17565030; 4348009 AB - Diagnosis of yellow vine disease (YVD) in cucurbits, an important disease in the south-central United States, relies on external symptom appearance, phloem discoloration, and the presence of bacterium-like organisms (BLOs) in phloem. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of BLO nucleotide sequences was explored as a means to improve diagnostic techniques. PCR, using a primer pair based on sequences of the citrus-greening BLO, amplified a 0.15-kilobase (kb) fragment from the DNA of symptomatic plants, but not from that of asymptomatic plants. Its nucleotide sequence suggested that the DNA amplified was of prokaryotic origin. A primer pair, designed to amplify nonspecific prokaryotic 16S rDNA, amplified a 1.5-kb DNA fragment in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. The 1.5-kb fragment from the asymptomatic plants corresponded to chloroplast 16S rDNA, and the band from the symptomatic plants was composed of 16S rDNAs from both chloroplasts and a prokaryote. The nucleotide sequence of the prokaryotic DNA was determined and used to design three primers (YV1, YV2, and YV3). Fragments of 0.64 and 1.43 kb were amplified with primers YV1-YV2 and primers YV1-YV3, respectively, from symptomatic plants. Neither primer set yielded fragments from asymptomatic plants, unrelated bacteria, or selected soilborne fungal pathogens of cucurbits. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the prokaryote is a gamma-3 proteobacterium. The consistent association of the 0.64- and 1.43-kb fragments with symptomatic plants suggests that the gamma-3 proteobacterium may be the causal agent of YVD of cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon. JF - Phytopathology AU - Avila, F J AU - Bruton, B D AU - Fletcher, J AU - Sherwood, J L AU - Pair, S D AU - Melcher, U AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lane, OK 74555, USA, bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 428 EP - 436 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - bacterium-like organisms KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Gourds KW - yellow vine disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17565030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Polymerase+chain+reaction+detection+and+phylogenetic+characterization+of+an+agent+associated+with+yellow+vine+disease+of+cucurbits&rft.au=Avila%2C+F+J%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BFletcher%2C+J%3BSherwood%2C+J+L%3BPair%2C+S+D%3BMelcher%2C+U&rft.aulast=Avila&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucurbitaceae; Polymerase chain reaction; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae S11:T:07 (NRRL B-21050) produces the antifungal compound phenylacetic acid in Sabouraud maltose broth culture AN - 17276007; 4468873 AB - Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche and Edwards S11:T:07 (NRRL B-21050) is a soil bacterium which may be economically produced as an effective agent to biologically control Fusarium dry rot of potatoes. Knowledge gained regarding the role of bioactive metabolite production by strain S11:T:07 will influence our methods of producing and formulating this organism as an effective biological control agent. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Burkhead, K D AU - Slininger, P J AU - Schisler, DA AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biochemistry Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA, burkhead@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 665 EP - 667 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - phenylacetic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Antifungal agents KW - Dry rot KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Biological+control+bacterium+Enterobacter+cloacae+S11%3AT%3A07+%28NRRL+B-21050%29+produces+the+antifungal+compound+phenylacetic+acid+in+Sabouraud+maltose+broth+culture&rft.au=Burkhead%2C+K+D%3BSlininger%2C+P+J%3BSchisler%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Burkhead&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2897%2900170-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter cloacae; Biological control; Dry rot; Antifungal agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00170-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbivore influence on soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization in a northern grassland ecosystem: Yellowstone National Park AN - 17108115; 4407601 AB - Microorganisms are largely responsible for soil nutrient cycling and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems. Although soil microorganisms are affected by topography and grazing, little is known about how these two variables may interact to influence microbial processes. Even less is known about how these variables influence microorganisms in systems that contain large populations of free-roaming ungulates. In this study, we compared microbial biomass size and activity, as measured by in situ net N mineralization, inside and outside 35- to 40-year exclosures across a topographic gradient in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to determine the relative effect of topography and large grazers on microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization. Microbial C and N varied by almost an order of magnitude across sites. Topographic depressions that contained high plant biomass and fine-textured soils supported the greatest microbial biomass. We found that plant biomass accurately predicted microbial biomass across our sites suggesting that carbon inputs from plants constrained microbial biomass. Chronic grazing neither depleted soil C nor reduced microbial biomass. We hypothesize that microbial populations in grazed grasslands are sustained mainly by inputs of labile C from dung deposition and increased root turnover or root exudation beneath grazed plants. Mineral N fluxes were affected more by grazing than topography. Net N mineralization rates were highest in grazed grassland and increased from dry, unproductive to mesic, highly productive communities. Overall, our results indicate that topography mainly influences microbial biomass size, while mineral N fluxes (microbial activity) are affected more by grazing in this grassland ecosystem. JF - Oecologia AU - Tracy, B F AU - Frank, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Mgmt. Research Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802, USA, bft2@psu.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 556 EP - 562 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - USA, Yellowstone Natl. Park KW - nitrogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Herbivores KW - Mineralization KW - Topography KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17108115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Herbivore+influence+on+soil+microbial+biomass+and+nitrogen+mineralization+in+a+northern+grassland+ecosystem%3A+Yellowstone+National+Park&rft.au=Tracy%2C+B+F%3BFrank%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mineralization; Soil microorganisms; Topography; Grasslands; Herbivores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photosynthetic pathway and ontogeny affect water relations and the impact of CO sub(2) on Bouteloua gracilis (C sub(4)) and Pascopyrum smithii (C sub(3)) AN - 17107481; 4407593 AB - The eastern Colorado shortgrass steppe is dominated by the C sub(4) grass, Bouteloua gracilis, but contains a mixture of C sub(3) grasses as well, including Pascopyrum smithii. Although the ecology of this region has been extensively studied, there is little information on how increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) will affect it. This growth chamber study investigated gas exchange, water relations, growth, and biomass and carbohydrate partitioning in B. gracilis and P. smithii grown under present ambient and elevated CO sub(2) concentrations of 350 mu l l super(-1) and 700 mu l l super(-1), respectively, and two deficit irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in soil-packed columns planted to either species over a 2-month period under summer-like conditions and with no fertilizer additions. Our objective was to better understand how these species and the functional groups they represent will respond in future CO sub(2)-enriched environments. Leaf CO sub(2) assimilation (A sub(n)), transpiration use efficiency (TUE, or A sub(n)/transpiration), plant growth, and whole-plant water use efficiency (WUE, or plant biomass production/water evapotranspired) of both species were greater at elevated CO sub(2), although responses were more pronounced for P. smithii. Elevated CO sub(2) enhanced photosynthesis, TUE, and growth in both species through higher soil water content (SWC) and leaf water potentials ( psi ) and stimulation of photosynthesis. Consumptive water use was greater and TUE less for P. smithii than B. gracilis during early growth when soil water was more available. Declining SWC with time was associated with a steadily increased sequestering of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNCs), storage carbohydrates (primarily fructans for P. smithii) and biomass in belowground organs of P. smithii, but not B. gracilis. The root:shoot ratio of P. smithii also increased at elevated CO sub(2), while the root:shoot ratio of B. gracilis was unresponsive to CO sub(2). These partitioning responses may be the consequence of different ontogenetic strategies of a cool-season and warm-season grass entering a warm, dry summer period; the cool-season P. smithii responds by sequestering TNCs belowground in preparation for summer dormancy, while resource partitioning of the warm-season B. gracilis remains unaltered. One consequence of greater partitioning of resources into P. smithii belowground organs in the present study was maintenance of higher psi and A sub(n) rates. This, along with differences in photosynthetic pathway, may have accounted for the greater responsiveness of P. smithii to CO sub(2) enrichment compared to B. gracilis. JF - Oecologia AU - Morgan, JA AU - LeCain AU - Read, J J AU - Hunt, H W AU - Knight, W G AD - USDA/ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Crops Research Lab., 1701 Centre Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80526, USA, morganamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 483 EP - 493 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - USA, Colorado KW - carbon dioxide KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Photosynthesis KW - Grasses KW - Climatic changes KW - Pascopyrum smithii KW - Transpiration KW - Steppes KW - Grasslands KW - Water relations KW - Ontogeny KW - Carbon dioxide KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17107481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Photosynthetic+pathway+and+ontogeny+affect+water+relations+and+the+impact+of+CO+sub%282%29+on+Bouteloua+gracilis+%28C+sub%284%29%29+and+Pascopyrum+smithii+%28C+sub%283%29%29&rft.au=Morgan%2C+JA%3BLeCain%3BRead%2C+J+J%3BHunt%2C+H+W%3BKnight%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasslands; Water relations; Photosynthesis; Grasses; Climatic changes; Ontogeny; Carbon dioxide; Transpiration; Steppes; Bouteloua gracilis; Pascopyrum smithii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of atrazine under denitrifying conditions AN - 16558587; 4397719 AB - Anaerobic biodegradation of atrazine by the bacterial isolate M91-3 was characterized with respect to mineralization, metabolite formation, and denitrification. The ability of the isolate to enhance atrazine biodegradation in anaerobic sediment slurries was also investigated. The organism utilized atrazine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen under anoxic conditions in fixed-film (glass beads) batch column systems. Results of HPLC and TLC radiochromatography suggested that anaerobic biotransformation of atrazine by microbial isolate M91-3 involved hydroxyatrazine formation. Ring cleavage was demonstrated by super(14)CO sub(2) evolution. Denitrification was confirmed by detection of super(15)N sub(2) in headspace samples of K super(15)NO sub(3)-amended anaerobic liquid cultures. In aquatic sediments, mineralization of uniformly ring-labeled [ super(14)C]atrazine occurred in both M91-3-inoculated and uninoculated sediment. Inoculation of sediments with M91-3 did not significantly enhance anaerobic mineralization of atrazine as compared to uninoculated sediment, which suggests the presence of indigenous organisms capable of anaerobic atrazine biodegradation. Results of this study suggest that the use of M91-3 in a fixed-film bioreactor may have applications in the anaerobic removal of atrazine and nitrate from aqueous media. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Crawford, J J AU - Sims, G K AU - Mulvaney, R L AU - Radosevich, M AD - USDA-ARS, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA, gk-sims@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 618 EP - 623 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - atrazine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mineralization KW - Media KW - Chromatography KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Aquatic environment KW - Biodegradation KW - Metabolites KW - Denitrification KW - Sediment pollution KW - Herbicides KW - Atrazine KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+atrazine+under+denitrifying+conditions&rft.au=Crawford%2C+J+J%3BSims%2C+G+K%3BMulvaney%2C+R+L%3BRadosevich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Denitrification; Mineralization; Herbicides; Chromatography; Anaerobic conditions; Atrazine; Metabolites; Biodegradation; Aquatic environment; Media ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating soil hydraulic properties using tension infiltrometers with varying disk diameters AN - 16555615; 4377340 AB - Tension infiltrometers have become a popular instrument for field determination of soil hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity (K sub(S)) of saturated soil and the parameter ( alpha ) used in exponential expressions of the hydraulic conductivity function. However, results different from other independent field or laboratory measurements are often obtained using the steady-state approximate solutions. This is likely caused by the variable sizes of the infiltrometer disk used for the infiltration measurement and/or the limitations of steady-state solutions for small disk dimensions. To determine the effect of disk sizes on parameter estimation, we measured infiltration in two soils (Arlington sandy loam and Sparta sand) with tension infiltrometers of several disk diameters (5.5-34.5 cm). For each disk size, the infiltration was repeated at multiple supply potentials and continued until steady-state so that replicated parameter estimates were obtained for each disk size. Results indicate that estimated values of K sub(S) and alpha appeared to vary with the size of the infiltrometer disk used. Variations in estimated K sub(S) and alpha values for different disk sizes or for different potential increments for the same disk were greater than the potential overestimation with the steady-state solution when compared with an improved solution for small disk sizes. Discrepancies between tension infiltrometer and other methods in practice are probably caused by variability within each method, such as soil heterogeneity or simplifying the hydraulic conductivity function to the exponential expression, rather than by limitations in the steady-state solution for small tension infiltrometer disk sizes. JF - Soil Science AU - Wang, D AU - Yates AU - Lowery, B AU - Van Genuchten, MTh AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Soil Physics & Pesticides Research Unit, 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, dwangsuper(s)sl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 356 EP - 361 VL - 163 IS - 5 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Infiltrometers KW - Estimating KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Infiltration KW - Soil physical properties KW - Heterogeneity KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+allelochemicals+and+their+enzymatic+oxidation+products+to+maize+fungal+pathogens%2C+emphasizing+Fusarium+graminearum.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BDuvick%2C+J+P%3BRood%2C+T&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Variability; Permeability coefficient; Infiltrometers; Estimating; Hydraulic properties; Soil physical properties; Infiltration; Heterogeneity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemically mediated foraging preference of black bears (Ursus americanus) AN - 16555415; 4395076 AB - The role of chemical constituents in the foraging behavior of black bears (Ursus americanus) was investigated using two field studies. Vascular tissue samples were collected from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees recently foraged by black bears. Samples were extracted and analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography to determine carbohydrates and terpenes, respectively. Chemical data were subjected to correlation analyses and multiple regression to examine if they adequately describe observed foraging preferences. Free-ranging black bears also were offered a choice of four test diets that differed in content of carbohydrates and terpenes. Results indicated that forage preferences were based in part on chemical constituents in the forage. Black bears maximized intake of carbohydrates and minimized intake of terpenes. In multiple choice tests, free-ranging bears preferred a low-terpene diet to a high-terpene diet with identical carbohydrate content. Bears also preferred a high-carbohydrate diet to a low-carbohydrate diet with identical terpene content. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Kimball, BA AU - Nolte, D L AU - Engeman, R M AU - Johnston, J J AU - Stermitz AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 3350 Eastbrook Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 448 EP - 456 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - American black bear KW - Douglas fir KW - terpenes KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - High carbohydrate diet KW - Carbohydrate analysis KW - Carbohydrates KW - Foraging behavior KW - Allelochemicals KW - Food selection KW - Ursus americanus KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Food preferences KW - Y 25497:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - R 18059:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Chemically+mediated+foraging+preference+of+black+bears+%28Ursus+americanus%29&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BNolte%2C+D+L%3BEngeman%2C+R+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BStermitz&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Ursus americanus; Foraging behavior; Food selection; Food preferences; Allelochemicals; Carbohydrate analysis; High carbohydrate diet; Carbohydrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gleams-TC: A two-compartment model for simulating temperature and soil water content effects on pesticide losses AN - 16555120; 4377341 AB - Many pesticide face and transport models, including the GLEAMS model, overestimate pesticide degradation during its later stages of residence in soil. Except for runoff events shortly after pesticide application, models using equilibrium sorption kinetics often underestimate sediment-transported pesticides. To address concerns about transport of low levels of pesticides by runoff to sensitive ecosystems over annual or longer time cycles, GLEAMS was modified using a two-compartment pesticide-state model and algorithms for adjustment of degradation rates for temperature and soil water contents. Two pesticide pools, labile and nonlabile, were linked using first-order kinetics, with the forward and reverse rate constants between these pools as the only two additional inputs required for the model, GLEAMS-TC. GLEAMS-TC was calibrated successfully using 3 years of field data. Long-term pesticide persistence in soil was represented. Comparing model predictions with observed data, GLEAMS-TC simulated observed pesticide sediment transport, whereas GLEAMS underestimated observed data by a factor of 4. Sensitivity to rates of pesticide exchange between the two pools and impact on runoff losses were demonstrated with 50-year simulations. GLEAMS-TC is a research tool for investigating changes in pesticide state in soils as a function of exposure time, environmental variables, and interrelationships between pesticide degradation, mobility, and fate and transport in the environment. JF - Soil Science AU - Truman, C C AU - Leonard, R A AU - Davis, F M AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946 Tifton, GA 31793, USA, ctswrlifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 362 EP - 373 VL - 163 IS - 5 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - GLEAMS-TC KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Temperature effects KW - Moisture content KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Degradation KW - Estimating KW - Algorithms KW - Simulation KW - Soil water KW - Kinetics KW - Pesticides KW - Model studies KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Gleams-TC%3A+A+two-compartment+model+for+simulating+temperature+and+soil+water+content+effects+on+pesticide+losses&rft.au=Truman%2C+C+C%3BLeonard%2C+R+A%3BDavis%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Path of pollutants; Moisture content; Fate of pollutants; Degradation; Kinetics; Estimating; Pesticides; Algorithms; Simulation; Model studies; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of beta -lactam resistance in ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae AN - 16555119; 4392723 AB - Mechanisms and transferability of beta -lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae was studied. These strains were selected from 1991 E. coli, 1035 Enterobacter spp., 168 Citrobacter spp. and 1371 Klebsiella spp., isolated from patients hospitalized in ICUs and in the pediatric and urology departments of six hospitals in Bratislava during the years 1994-1996. The selected strains expressed the resistance not only to ceftazidime (50/50) but also to ampicillin (50/50), ceftriaxone (50/50), cefotaxime (49/50) and cefoxitin (45/50). The mechanism of resistance in all 50 strains was the production of beta -lactamases by conjugation, using either ceftazidime or cefotaxime for the selection of transconjugants and by isolation of R-plasmids ranging from to 55-87 kb from donor strains and from transconjugants. A total of 21 isolates possessed chromosomally encoded resistance and 25 clinical isolates and their transconjugants expressed ESBL sensitive to clavulanate. Selected E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates expressed the presence of TEM and SHV enzymes determined by isoelectric focusing. The possible trends in the development of antimicrobial resistance in Slovakia in the future are indicated. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Bujdakova, H AU - Lausova, A AU - Jankovicova, S AU - Prodinger, WM AU - Kallova, J AU - Milosovic, P AU - Kettner, M AD - Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, bujdakova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 135 EP - 141 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - beta -Lactam antibiotics KW - ceftazidime KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrobacter KW - Enterobacter KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Study+of+beta+-lactam+resistance+in+ceftazidime-resistant+clinical+isolates+of+Enterobacteriaceae&rft.au=Bujdakova%2C+H%3BLausova%2C+A%3BJankovicova%2C+S%3BProdinger%2C+WM%3BKallova%2C+J%3BMilosovic%2C+P%3BKettner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bujdakova&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrobacter; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Antibiotic resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces spp. and Beauveria bassiana against the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii AN - 16553825; 4394220 AB - Pathogenicities of three species of entomopathogenic fungi against preimaginal Bemisia argentifolii were measured and compared. Third-instar nymphs on excised leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were exposed to spray applications of 14 isolates of Beauveria bassiana, 22 isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and five isolates of Paecilomyces farinosus. B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus isolates of diverse origins were highly pathogenic to the whitefly nymphs; median lethal doses of 14 of the 22 P. fumosoroseus and four of the 13 B. bassiana isolates ranged between 50 and 150 conidia/mm super(2). Five isolates of P. farinosus were also pathogenic; however, LC sub(50)s were relatively high, ranging between 350 and 4000 conidia/mm super(2). Nymphs infected with all but one isolate of B. bassiana displayed a pronounced red pigmentation. Postmortem hyphal growth and sporulation of B. bassiana was relatively slow and usually confined to the region immediately surrounding the dead host. Whitefly nymphs patently infected with P. fumosoroseus and P. farinosus were lightly pigmented yellow or orange. Postmortem hyphal growth and sporulation of P. fumosoroseus rapidly covered the dead host and extended several millimeters onto the surrounding leaf surface. The results indicate that highly virulent strains of P. fumosoroseus and B. bassiana with considerable whitefly control potential are widespread and numerous. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Wraight, S P AU - Carruthers, R I AU - Bradley, CA AU - Jaronski, ST AU - Lacey, LA AU - Wood, P AU - Galaini-Wraight, S AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 217 EP - 226 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Virulence KW - Pathogenicity KW - Paecilomyces farinosus KW - Paecilomyces KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16553825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Trends+in+soil+taxonomy%3B+a+shared+heritage&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BAhrens%2C+R+J%3BEngel%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0029893X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Beauveria bassiana; Bemisia argentifolii; Paecilomyces; Paecilomyces farinosus; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Virulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean fields in east-central Illinois and enumeration of inocula in soybean seed lots AN - 16551691; 4387385 AB - Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of soybean is an important disease in the northern soybean-production areas of the United States. In Illinois, the occurrence of SSR has been limited to the northern-most soybean-production areas. In this study, soybean fields in east-central Illinois were surveyed for incidence of SSR. Of 68 fields surveyed, 31 contained SSR. Of the fields with SSR, 25 had between 1 and 5% SSR incidence, while 6 fields had more than 5% SSR incidence. The pattern of the disease in one field was mapped, and the spatial distribution of SSR was aggregated with a Lloyd's index of 1.4. In addition to field incidence of SSR, seed lots suspected of being contaminated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia were obtained from the Illinois Crop Improvement Association. Sclerotia and seeds were separated, and seeds were germinated to determine the level of seedborne infection by S. sclerotiorum. Sclerotia were recovered from 71 of 81 seed lots. Most of the seed lots were from the north-central area of Illinois, but one seed lot was from Madison County in the southwestern area of the state, and three and six seed lots contaminated with sclerotia were from Iowa and Wisconsin, respectively. Sclerotia counts ranged from 0 to 363 per seed lot. Normal-appearing seeds from the 81 seed lots (100 to 200 seeds per lot) were tested for germination and incidence of seedborne infection by S. sclerotiorum. Eight seed lots had at least one infected seed, and the incidence of seed infection ranged from 0.07 to 0.1%. From 10 randomly selected seed lots of the 81, discolored, shriveled seeds were selected and germinated to determine the incidence of seedborne infection. Seed infection rates ranged from 0 to 70%. The occurrence of SSR throughout Illinois and the importance of seedborne infection as a source of inoculum dispersal need further documentation. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartman, G L AU - Kull, L AU - Huang, Y H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Crop Sciences, 70 EASB, 1101 W. Peabody, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA, ghartman@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 560 EP - 564 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Illinois KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Seed-borne diseases KW - Stem rot KW - Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Sclerotinia+sclerotiorum+in+soybean+fields+in+east-central+Illinois+and+enumeration+of+inocula+in+soybean+seed+lots&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BKull%2C+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Seed-borne diseases; Stem rot; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of a phloem-limited bacterium with yellow vine disease in cucurbits AN - 16551337; 4387378 AB - Since 1991, a new disease of cucurbits in central Texas and Oklahoma, designated yellow vine, has resulted in the decline and plant death of watermelon, cantaloupe, squash, and pumpkin. Affected plants are characterized by leaf yellowing, phloem discoloration, and plant collapse. Year-to-year variation in disease incidence has ranged from spotty outbreaks to complete crop loss in early-planted watermelon fields. A systematic investigation to determine the causal agent of the disease included pathogen isolation attempts, transmission tests, serological assays with various antisera (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting), and DNA hybridizations with selected probes (dot and Southern blots). None of these tests revealed a consistent relationship between the expression of yellow vine symptoms and the presence of a particular microorganism or virus in the plant. However, transmission electron microscopic examination showed the consistent presence of a bacterium in the phloem sieve elements of symptomatic plants. The rod-shaped bacteria, observed only in symptomatic cucurbits, measured 0.25 to 0.5 mu m in width and 1.0 to 3.0 mu m in length and were surrounded by a triple-layered cell envelope. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bruton, B D AU - Fletcher, J AU - Pair, S D AU - Shaw, M AU - Sittertz-Bhatkar, H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lane, OK 74555, USA, bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 512 EP - 520 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - cucurbits KW - yellow vine disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Plant diseases KW - Cucumis KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Association+of+a+phloem-limited+bacterium+with+yellow+vine+disease+in+cucurbits&rft.au=Bruton%2C+B+D%3BFletcher%2C+J%3BPair%2C+S+D%3BShaw%2C+M%3BSittertz-Bhatkar%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bruton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis; Plant diseases; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro inhibition of soft-rotting bacteria by EDTA and nisin and in vivo response on inoculated fresh cut carrots AN - 16550834; 4387374 AB - EDTA and the antibiotic nisin, in combination with heat, were tested for inhibition of growth of six pectolytic, soft-rotting bacteria in 80% trypticase soy broth (TSB). Fifty percent reduction of growth by EDTA at 25 degree C in TSB occurred at 3.24 mM for Erwinia chrysanthemi, 2.57 mM for Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0.96 mM for E. carotovora (subsp. carotovora), 0.48 mM for P. viridiflava, 0.17 mM for Xanthomonas campestris (pv. campestris), and 0.16 mM for Cytophaga johnsonae. Nisin at 50 mu g/ml was effective against X. campestris and C. johnsonae (over 90% inhibition of growth) but not against the other four bacteria (less than 20% inhibition), which are the more economically important soft-rotters. Combinations of EDTA and nisin were synergistic. A combination of 0.3 mM EDTA + nisin at 50 mu g/ml inhibited growth of E. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, and P. viridiflava by over 70%, and growth of P. fluorescens by 37%. Hot water treatments for 0.3 min at 37 or 49 degree C reduced survival of bacteria in the presence of EDTA + nisin, but not of EDTA, nisin, or water alone. EDTA + nisin at 37 degree C reduced CFU/ml of E. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, P. fluorescens, and P. viridiflava by 2 log units, and at 49 degree C by 3 log units, compared with the 25 degree C treatment. Decay of carrot disks inoculated at two inoculum levels (10 super(3) and 10 super(4) CFU per disk) with E. carotovora, P. fluorescens, or P. viridiflava was reduced by a 1.5-min immersion in 45 degree C water, with or without EDTA and nisin additives. Immersion in 0.3 mM EDTA + nisin at 15 to 50 mu g/ml at 45 degree C reduced decay due to E. carotovora and to P. fluorescens at the lower inoculum level by an average of about 50% compared with water alone at 45 degree C, but differences were statistically significant only at the 90% level of confidence and no different than a standard chlorine dip, current commercial practice for cut carrot slices. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Liao, Ching-Hsiao AU - Hotchkiss, A T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, jwells@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 491 EP - 495 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - EDTA KW - nisin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Erwinia carotovora KW - Soft rot KW - Erwinia chrysanthemi KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - Daucus carota KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Seasonal+patterns+of+cadaver+persistence+and+sporulation+by+the+fungal+pathogen+Entomophaga+grylli+%28Fresenius%29+Batko+%28Entomophthorales%3A+Entomophthoraceae%29+infecting+Camnula+pellucida+%28Scudder%29+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+A+J%3BRamos%2C+ME%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J%3BSoper%2C+R+S%3BCarruthers%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Daucus carota; Erwinia carotovora; Erwinia chrysanthemi; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Xanthomonas campestris; Antibacterial agents; Soft rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean nodulation and N sub(2) fixation response to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment AN - 16550807; 4387343 AB - The combined effects of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) enrichment and water deficits on nodulation and N sub(2) fixation were analysed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Two short-term experiments were conducted in greenhouses with plants subjected to soil drying, while exposed to CO sub(2) atmospheres of either 360 or 700 mu mol CO sub(2) mol super(-1). Under drought-stressed conditions, elevated [CO sub(2)] resulted in a delay in the decrease in N sub(2) fixation rates associated with drying of the soil used in these experiments. The elevated [CO sub(2)] also allowed the plants under drought to sustain significant increases in nodule number and mass relative to those under ambient [CO sub(2)]. The total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration was lower in the shoots of the plants exposed to drought; however, plants under elevated CO sub(2) had much higher TNC levels than those under ambient CO sub(2). For both [CO sub(2)] treatments, drought stress induced a substantial accumulation of TNC in the nodules that paralleled N sub(2) fixation decline, which indicates that nodule activity under drought may not be carbon limited. Under drought stress, ureide concentration increased in all plant tissues. However, exposure to elevated [CO sub(2)] resulted in substantially less drought-induced ureide accumulation in leaf and petiole tissues. A strong negative correlation was found between ureide accumulation and TNC levels in the leaves. This relationship, together with the large effect of elevated [CO sub(2)] on the decrease of ureide accumulation in the leaves, indicated the importance of ureide breakdown in the response of N sub(2) fixation to drought and of feedback inhibition by ureides on nodule activity. It is concluded that an important effect of CO sub(2) enrichment on soybean under drought conditions is an enhancement of photoassimilation, an increased partitioning of carbon to nodules and a decrease of leaf ureide levels, which is associated with sustained nodule growth and N sub(2) rates under soil water deficits. We suggest that future [CO sub(2)] increases are likely to benefit soybean production by increasing the drought tolerance of N sub(2) fixation. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Serraj, R AU - Sinclair, T R AU - Allen, L H AD - USDA-ARS, Agronomy Department, Agronomy Physiology Laboratory, IFAS Building #350, University of Florida, PO Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965, USA, trsinclervm.nerdc.ufl.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 491 EP - 500 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - soybeans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Tolerance KW - Drought KW - Glycine max KW - Soybeans KW - Water stress KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Nodulation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Soybean+nodulation+and+N+sub%282%29+fixation+response+to+drought+under+carbon+dioxide+enrichment&rft.au=Serraj%2C+R%3BSinclair%2C+T+R%3BAllen%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Serraj&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tolerance; Water stress; Nitrogen fixation; Nodulation; Carbon dioxide; Soybeans; Drought; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicology of solamargine and solasonine glycoalkaloids in frog embryos AN - 16550096; 4352581 AB - As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, a need exists to define the relative toxicities of structurally different glycoalkaloids and metabolites which may be present in Solanum plant species such as potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative toxicities and the modes of action of the eggplant (Solanum melongena) glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine in Xenopus laevis frog embryos, using membrane potential and embryo growth and teratogenicity assays. In the cell membrane assays, adverse effects on embryos were evaluated by measuring membrane potentials using an electrochromic dye, di-4-ANEPPS, as a fluorescence probe for the integrity of the membranes. In the embryo growth and teratogenesis assays, the survival of the embryos and organ malformations was used as an index of embryo toxicity. The relative potencies of glycoalkaloids are similar for frog embryo effects (survival and teratogenicities) and for membrane effects (membrane potential). Experiments with solasonine at pH 6 and 8 suggest that the unprotonated form of the glycoalkaloids appears to be involved in the membrane effects. The nature of the carbohydrate side-chains of the steroidal glycosides governs relative potencies. The possible significance of the findings to food safety and plant physiology and possible application of the membrane assays to bacterial toxins are discussed. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Blankemeyer, J T AU - McWilliams, M L AU - Rayburn, J R AU - Weissenberg, M AU - Friedman, M AD - USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 383 EP - 389 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - African clawed frog KW - True frogs KW - glycoalkaloids KW - solamargine KW - solasonine KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Test organisms KW - Embryonic development KW - Rana KW - Solanum melongena KW - Toxicity tests KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Alkaloids KW - Bioassays KW - Embryos KW - Teratogens KW - Toxicity testing KW - Toxicology KW - X 24172:Plants KW - Q1 08324:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Entomopoxviruses+of+grasshoppers+and+locusts%3A+Biology+and+biological+control+potential&rft.au=Streett%2C+DA%3BWoods%2C+SA%3BErlandson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Streett&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkaloids; Bioassays; Test organisms; Embryonic development; Teratogens; Embryos; Toxicity tests; Toxicology; Toxicity testing; Xenopus laevis; Solanum melongena; Rana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and evaluation of an attenuated vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: difficulty adapting the leader proteinase-deleted strategy to the serotype O1 virus AN - 16546103; 4385492 AB - Over the last few years we have utilized a system to genetically engineer foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to produce live-attenuated vaccine candidates. These candidates have been generated in the genetic background of a tissue culture-adapted strain of serotype A12 virus. Based on this A12 system, we created a virus lacking the sequence encoding the leader (L) proteinase (PICCONE ET AL., 1995), and demonstrated that this leaderless virus, A12-LLV2 was avirulent in bovine and swine, and could be used as an attenuated vaccine (MASON ET AL., 1997; CHINSANGARAM ET AL., 1998). The current study shows that a similar leader-deleted chimeric virus containing the genome of the type A12 virus with a substituted type O1 capsid coding region from a bovine-virulent virus can be constructed, and that the virus has low, but detectable virulence in swine. A second chimera specifying a tissue culture-adapted type O1 capsid lacking the RGD cell binding site, was avirulent in swine, but was not sufficiently immunogenic to provide protection from challenge. These results are described with respect to mechanisms of attenuation and antigen formation in live-attenuated virus-inoculated animals. JF - Virus Research AU - Almeida, M R AU - Rieder, E AU - Chinsangaram, J AU - Ward, G AU - Beard, C AU - Grubman, MJ AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA Y1 - 1998/05/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 01 SP - 49 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1702, 0168-1702 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Chimeras KW - Serotypes KW - Foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - Attenuation KW - Vaccines KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16546103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Research&rft.atitle=Construction+and+evaluation+of+an+attenuated+vaccine+for+foot-and-mouth+disease%3A+difficulty+adapting+the+leader+proteinase-deleted+strategy+to+the+serotype+O1+virus&rft.au=Almeida%2C+M+R%3BRieder%2C+E%3BChinsangaram%2C+J%3BWard%2C+G%3BBeard%2C+C%3BGrubman%2C+MJ%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Almeida&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+Research&rft.issn=01681702&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Attenuation; Vaccines; Serotypes; Chimeras ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of Salmonella isolates by automated ribotyping AN - 16539291; 4350564 AB - A study was conducted with the RiboPrinter, an automated ribotyping system, to evaluate its ability to identify and characterize isolates of Salmonella from broiler operations. Isolates of Salmonella obtained from a local broiler company were serotyped by a reference laboratory and ribotyped using the RiboPrinter. The RiboPrinter generated ribotype patterns by probing EcoRI digests of Salmonella DNA with an E. coli DNA probe to the ribosomal RNA operon. The RiboPrinter identified isolates by band matching of their ribotype patterns to ribotype patterns in its database. In addition, the RiboPrinter characterized isolates by sorting them into ribotypes on the basis of the similarity of their ribotype patterns. Of 117 isolates, the RiboPrinter identified 34 (29%) at the serotype level, 11 (9%) at the strain level, 46 (39%) at the genus level, and 26 (22%) were not identified. Thus, only 38% of the isolates were identified at or below the serotype level, indicating that the RiboPrinter was limited in its ability to identify Salmonella isolates by band matching. In contrast, the RiboPrinter was very effective at characterizing Salmonella isolates. Out of 108 isolates, the RiboPrinter detected 31 ribotypes, compared to serotyping which only detected 22 types of Salmonella. Thus, automated ribotyping was more discriminatory than serotyping. However, when results of both typing methods were combined, 40 types of Salmonella were detected, indicating that the best discrimination was obtained when automated ribotyping and serotyping were used together. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Oscar, T P AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit Worksite, 1124 Trigg Hall, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA, toscar@umes-bird.umd.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 519 EP - 524 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - RiboPrinter KW - chickens KW - rRNA KW - ribotyping KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - Serotyping KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+changes+in+the+intestine+of+rats+fed+high-zinc+diets&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BNewman%2C+SM+Jr&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Serotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of microorganisms with microwaves at reduced temperatures AN - 16538785; 4350575 AB - We developed a pilot-plant nonthermal flow process using microwave energy to inactivate microorganisms. The process consists of multiple passes through the microwave generator. Each passed material goes to a receiving tank for subsequent passes. The flow rate was 0.96 to 1.26 kg/min and the dwell time per pass was 1.1 to 1.5 min. Five passes were used. The microwave energy is instantaneously and simultaneously applied to the system, and thermal energy is removed by a cooling tube within the process line in the microwave generator. The cooling tube maintains the temperature below 40 degree C. There was significant reduction in microorganisms in water, 10% glucose solution, and apple juice, and in yeast in beer. There was a slight decrease in microorganisms in tomato juice, pineapple juice, apple cider, and beer; and no effect in skim milk. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kozempel, M F AU - Annous, BA AU - Cook, R D AU - Scullen, O J AU - Whiting, R C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mkozempel@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 582 EP - 585 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Microwave radiation KW - Food KW - Quality control KW - Microorganisms KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16538785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+increases+melatonin+levels+in+the+weanling+rat+and+in+pineal+cell+cultures&rft.au=Rimando%2C+A+M%3BPorter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Microorganisms; Microwave radiation; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of Salmonella serotypes in feedlot cattle AN - 16537948; 4350565 AB - A national study of health and management of cattle in feedlots was conducted. Within this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fecal samples was determined. Fifty fecal samples were collected from each of 100 feedlots. Within each feedlot, 25 fresh fecal samples were collected from the floor of the pens of cattle which had been on feed the shortest and 25 from those on feed the longest periods of time. The total number of samples collected was 4,977; 2,484 and 2,495 from pens of cattle on feed the shortest and longest times, respectively. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 38% (38 of 100) of the feedlots. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 5.5% (273 of 4,977) of all samples and from 3.5% (88 of 2,484) and 7.4% (185 of 2,495) of samples from pens of cattle shortest and longest on feed, respectively. The most common serotype recovered was S. anatum (27.9%), followed by S. montevideo (12.9%), S. muenster (11.8%), S. kentucky (8.2%), and S. newington (4.3%). The most common serogroups identified were E1 (39.6%), C1 (20.7%), and B (10.4%). Shedding of the serotypes most commonly associated with human illness occurred infrequently (13 of 273: 4.8%). This study provides information on the status of Salmonella spp. from cattle in feedlots and may serve as baseline information for future studies. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Dargatz, DA AU - Thomas, LA AU - Gray, J T AD - USDA-ARS-RRC, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA, pcray@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 525 EP - 530 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Serological surveys KW - Salmonella KW - Livestock KW - Feeds KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16537948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Salmonella+serotypes+in+feedlot+cattle&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BDargatz%2C+DA%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BGray%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Feeds; Livestock; Serological surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A seven-gene locus for synthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 AN - 16524129; 4358063 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 produces the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is active against a variety of fungal root pathogens. In this study, seven genes designated phzABCDEFG that are sufficient for synthesis of PCA were localized within a 6.8-kb BglII-XbaI fragment from the phenazine biosynthesis locus of strain 2-79. Polypeptides corresponding to all phz genes were identified by analysis of recombinant plasmids in a T7 promoter/polymerase expression system. Products of the phzC, phzD, and phzE genes have similarities to enzymes of shikimic acid and chorismic acid metabolism and, together with PhzF, are absolutely necessary for PCA production. PhzG is similar to pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate oxidases and probably is a source of cofactor for the PCA-synthesizing enzyme(s). Products of the phzA and phzB genes are highly homologous to each other and may be involved in stabilization of a putative PCA-synthesizing multienzyme complex. Two new genes, phzX and phzY, that are homologous to phzA and phzB, respectively, were cloned and sequenced from P. aureofaciens 30-84, which produces PCA, 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and 2-hydroxyphenazine. Based on functional analysis of the phz genes from strains 2-79 and 30-84, we postulate that different species of fluorescent pseudomonads have similar genetic systems that confer the ability to synthesize PCA. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Mavrodi, D V AU - Ksenzenko, V N AU - Bonsall, R F AU - Cook, R J AU - Boronin, A M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Unit, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646430, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA, thomasho@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 2541 EP - 2548 VL - 180 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - 2-hydroxyphenazine KW - 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - Gene expression KW - Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - PhzF protein KW - PhzG protein KW - chorismic acid KW - cloning KW - fungi KW - pathogens KW - phenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - phz gene KW - phzA gene KW - phzB gene KW - phzC gene KW - phzD gene KW - phzE gene KW - phzX gene KW - phzY gene KW - roots KW - shikimic acid KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16524129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+dietary+level+of+iron+from+iron+methionine+and+iron+sulfate+on+immune+response+and+resistance+of+channel+catfish+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri&rft.au=Sealey%2C+WM%3BLim%2C+Chhorn%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Sealey&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of the nitrogen carryover effect on economic activity and the environment AN - 16523270; 4352075 AB - The economic and environmental consequences of soil nitrogen tests can have significant impacts on agricultural production. Some of these are explored here. The pre-side-dress soil N-test is evaluated for a hypothetical farmer growing corn at the ARS Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Farm site in southern Maryland. Demonstration Farm site in southern Maryland. For a farmer not currently using a soil N-test, adoption of this technology can lead to the enhancement of net farm income and the reduction in nitrogen loss to the environment. This will transpire only if the farmer is currently underestimating nitrogen carryover by more than 25% or applying nitrogen fertilizer based solely on an expected plateau-yield goal. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Huang, Wen-Yuan AU - Keim, R W AU - Lu, Yao-Chi AU - Uri, N D AU - Kelley, T AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20005, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 116 EP - 127 VL - 34 IS - 2-3 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - USA, Maryland KW - USA, Maryland, southern KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16523270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Pentanoic+acid+attracts+Olcella+parva+%28Adams%29+%28Diptera%3A+Chloropidae%29+in+Colorado+corn+fields&rft.au=Hibbard%2C+B+E%3BJewett%2C+D+K%3BBjostad%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Hibbard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spore coat protein synergizes Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxicity for the Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) AN - 16522463; 4358101 AB - Spores from Bacillus thuringiensis serovars kurstaki and entomocidus synergized crystal protein toxicity for larvae of the Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Preparations of spore-crystal mixtures of either serovar were more toxic for the larvae than either purified spores or crystals alone (based on dry weight). Spores lost 53% of their toxicity for the Indianmeal moth after 2 h of UV-irradiation, but remained partially toxic (28%) even after 4 h of irradiation. Spore coat protein was toxic for the Indianmeal moth and was synergistic with B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1 crystal protein. Enhanced toxicity of the combined spore-crystal preparation was attributed to a combination of crystal and spore coat protein, and included the effects of spore germination and resulting septicemia in the larval hemolymph. Ultraviolet irradiation of spores reduced the toxicity from septicemia but not the synergism caused by spore coat protein. The potencies of spore-crystal preparations must be carefully evaluated on the basis of contributions from all three factors. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Johnson, DE AU - Oppert, B AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 278 EP - 282 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Grass moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - crystal protein KW - larvae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Spore+coat+protein+synergizes+Bacillus+thuringiensis+crystal+toxicity+for+the+Indianmeal+moth+%28Plodia+interpunctella%29&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DE%3BOppert%2C+B%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato chlorosis virus: A new whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus of tomato AN - 16517637; 4348005 AB - Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is the second whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus described infecting tomato. ToCV is distinct from tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), based on lack of serological and nucleic acid cross-reactions and differences in vector specificity. TICV is transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), whereas ToCV is transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly, the banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea), and Bemisia tabaci biotypes A and B (B. argentifolii). Double-stranded (ds) RNA analyses of ToCV show two prominent dsRNAs of approximately 7,800 and 8,200 bp, with several small dsRNAs. Digoxigenin-11-UTP-labeled riboprobes derived from cDNA clones representing portions of RNAs 1 and 2 were used in Northern blot hybridizations to detect two large nonhomologous dsRNAs and a subset of smaller dsRNAs. These probes were used in dot blot hybridizations to detect ToCV in infected tomato. Inclusion bodies and cytoplasmic vesicles were consistently observed in phloem tissues of ToCV-infected Nicotiana clevelandii. Computer-assisted sequence analysis showed significant homology between ToCV clones that hybridize specifically with RNAs 1 and 2 and the lettuce infectious yellows virus methyltransferase of RNA 1 and the HSP70 heat shock protein homolog of RNA 2, respectively. Thus, ToCV is another member of the growing subgroup of bipartite closteroviruses transmitted by whiteflies. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wisler, G C AU - Li, R H AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Lowry, D S AU - Duffus, JE AD - USDA-ARS Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA, gwisler@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 402 EP - 409 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Greenhouse white fly KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - new species KW - taxonomy KW - tomato KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16517637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Tomato+chlorosis+virus%3A+A+new+whitefly-transmitted%2C+phloem-limited%2C+bipartite+closterovirus+of+tomato&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BLi%2C+R+H%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BLowry%2C+D+S%3BDuffus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental considerations in the fertilizer use decision AN - 16484519; 4352073 AB - The increase in the use of fertilizer in agricultural production has been associated with a substantial increase in agricultural productivity in the United States. This increase in fertilizer use has been driven by a variety of economic forces including variations in the price of output and changing relative factor prices. Associated with the increase in the use of fertilizer have been adverse environmental consequences that are not reflected in the costs and returns of agricultural production. That is, externalities exist whose cost need to be internalized. Because the use of fertilizer has been shown to respond to market forces, it is efficient to use the market to control the use of fertilizer. This can be done through, for example, the use of a fertilizer tax. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Uri, N D AD - Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1800, M. Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 103 EP - 110 VL - 34 IS - 2-3 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16484519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=Environmental+considerations+in+the+fertilizer+use+decision&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of F18ab super(+) from F18ac super(+) Escherichia coli by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of the major fimbrial subunit gene (fedA) AN - 16454333; 4343793 AB - Toxin-producing Escherichia coli expressing F18 fimbriae colonizes the small intestines of weaned pigs and causes diarrhea, edema disease, or both. The F18 family is composed of two antigenic variants, F18ab and F18ac. Because many strains do not express F18 fimbriae in vitro, identification and differentiation of these two variants are difficult. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is a rapid method for identifying genetic mutations and polymorphisms. The F18 major fimbrial subunit genes (fedA) of 138 strains were amplified by PCR, and genetic differences were detected by SSCP analysis. The SSCP analysis of the fedA gene differentiated F18ab super(+) strains from F18ac super(+) strains. Most strains classified as F18ab super(+) by SSCP analysis contained Shiga toxin 2e and enterotoxin genes. Most strains classified as F18ac super(+) by SSCP analysis contained only enterotoxin genes. The SSCP analysis was a useful method for predicting the antigenicity of F18 super(+) E. coli and could also be used for analysis of other virulence genes in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Casey, T A AU - Neibergs, H L AD - Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 299 EP - 302 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - DNA KW - Single-strand conformation polymorphism KW - fedA gene KW - pili KW - single-strand conformation polymorphism KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Production+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Reducing+furrow+irrigation+erosion+with+polyacrylamide+%28PAM%29&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BLentz%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Production+Agriculture&rft.issn=08908524&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary stress on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in calves AN - 16435015; 4337415 AB - Two groups of calves were subjected to dietary stress by withholding of food beginning 1 or 14 days after inoculation with 10 super(10) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Following treatment, neither group had a significant increase in fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. A third group of calves had food withheld for 48 h prior to inoculation with 10 super(7) CFU of E. coli O157:H7. These calves were more susceptible to infection and shed significantly more E. coli O157:H7 organisms than calves maintained on a normal diet. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Casey, T A AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Rasmussen, MA AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1975 EP - 1979 VL - 64 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - animal models KW - cattle KW - diets KW - feces KW - starvation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16435015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+stress+on+fecal+shedding+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+calves&rft.au=Cray%2C+WC+Jr%3BCasey%2C+T+A%3BBosworth%2C+B+T%3BRasmussen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cray&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation of piperidine alkaloids in ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) and lodgepole pine (P. contorta) foliage from central Oregon AN - 16413401; 4325043 AB - We quantified 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids in Pinus ponderosa and P. contorta needles from three forest sites in April, June, August, and December. Alkaloids were detected on at least one date in 71% of the ponderosa pine and in 29% of the lodgepole pine trees sampled. Pinidine was the major alkaloid constituent of ponderosa pine, while euphococcinine was the predominant compound in lodgepole pine. For ponderosa pine, total alkaloid concentrations were very low at two sites on all dates. At the third site, concentrations were variable but significantly higher on all dates. Total alkaloid concentrations in previous-year foliage from this site were highest in April, then significantly lower from June through December. Current-year foliage collected in August and December had significantly higher alkaloid concentrations than previous-year foliage on the same dates. Variation in foliar nitrogen concentrations accounted for some of the alkaloid variation in current-year foliage sampled in August. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Gerson, E A AU - Kelsey, R G AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 815 EP - 827 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Pine KW - USA, Oregon KW - alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16413401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Variation+of+piperidine+alkaloids+in+ponderosa+%28Pinus+ponderosa%29+and+lodgepole+pine+%28P.+contorta%29+foliage+from+central+Oregon&rft.au=Gerson%2C+E+A%3BKelsey%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diterpenoid alkaloid concentration in tall larkspur plants damaged by larkspur mirid AN - 16410366; 4325044 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a serious poisonous plant threat to cattle on mountain rangelands. The larkspur mirid [Hopplomachus affiguratus] has been proposed as a biological tool to damage tall larkspur in an effort to deter grazing by cattle and thus prevent poisoning. Preliminary data suggested that it may also reduce toxic alkaloid levels. The objective of this study was to determine if damage caused by the larkspur mind would reduce toxic alkaloid concentration. Larkspur minds were collected in the field in 1992 and placed on potted plants in the greenhouse. The resulting mind-damaged leaves were lower in toxic alkaloids than leaves from uninfested plants. In the 1995 field study, toxic and total norditerpenoid alkaloid concentrations were measured in two larkspur populations having established mind populations and in two newly infested larkspur populations. In the 1996 field study, three widely separated larkspur populations infested with mirids were sampled. Mirid-damaged leaves were lower in toxic alkaloids in both years, but there were no differences in flowering heads. However, only at Yampa, Colorado, did mirids reduce toxic alkaloids to levels that would not pose a threat to cattle. There was no difference in toxic or total alkaloid concentration between larkspur populations with long-term mind infestations compared to newly infested plants. The plant-to-plant variability in alkaloid concentration was greater than differences due to mirids. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner AU - Jones, WA AU - Manners, G D AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 829 EP - 840 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hemiptera KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Leaf bugs KW - Plant bugs KW - USA, Colorado KW - cattle KW - diterpenoid alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16410366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Diterpenoid+alkaloid+concentration+in+tall+larkspur+plants+damaged+by+larkspur+mirid&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%3BJones%2C+WA%3BManners%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling methods for estimating change in forest resources AN - 16407905; 4325934 AB - Changes in forest resources have been estimated in a variety of ways. This paper focuses on extensive forest surveys rather than on sentinel-site investigations. The sampling design and plot design used are key to precise estimates of change. Alternative sampling designs include temporary surveys, Continuous Forest Inventory, and Sampling with Partial Replacement. Each can be used in conjunction with stratified sampling or double sampling for stratification. Plot designs can involve variable-radius or Bitterlich sampling for trees, and fixed-area plots for most attributes. In extensive surveys, it is efficient to group plots into clusters. Plots must be sampled at a frequency that is commensurate with the rate of change, degree of interest, and funding available. Often, plots are less than a hectare in size and spaced widely across the population. Continuous Forest Inventory, with or without stratification, is efficient for estimating current values, net change, and components of change. Much work remains in scaling to understand landscape-level interactions and to identify stressors and indicators of forest health and sustainability. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Scott, C T AD - USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, Ohio 43015-8640, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 228 EP - 233 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16407905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+addition+of+potassium+or+sodium%2C+but+not+calcium%2C+to+prepartum+ratios+on+milk+fever+in+dairy+cows.&rft.au=Goff%2C+J+P%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody response in mice inoculated with DNA expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins AN - 16360843; 4314465 AB - Candidate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) DNA vaccines designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid were evaluated. Plasmid DNAs containing a portion of the FMDV genome coding for the capsid precursor protein (P1-2A) and wild-type or mutant viral proteinase 3C (plasmids P12X3C or P12X3C-mut, respectively) were constructed. Cell-free translation reactions programmed with pP12X3C (wild-type 3C) and pP12X3C-mut produced a capsid precursor, but only the reactions programmed with the plasmid encoding the functional proteinase resulted in P1-2A processing and capsid formation. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells also produced viral capsid proteins when transfected with these plasmids. Plasmid P12X3C was administered to mice by intramuscular, intradermal, and epithelial (gene gun) inoculations. Anti-FMD virus (FMDV) antibodies were detected by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) and plaque reduction neutralization assays only in sera of mice inoculated by using a gene gun. When pP12X3C and pP12X3C-mut were inoculated into mice by using a gene gun, both plasmids elicited an antibody response detectable by RIP but only pP12X3C elicited a neutralizing antibody response. These results suggest that capsid formation in situ is required for effective immunization. Expression and stimulation of an immune response was enhanced by addition of an intron sequence upstream of the coding region, while addition of the FMDV internal ribosome entry site or leader proteinase (L) coding region either had no effect or reduced the immune response. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Chinsangaram, J AU - Beard, C AU - Mason, P W AU - Zellner, M K AU - Ward, G AU - Grubman, MJ AD - Plum Island Animal Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 4454 EP - 4457 VL - 72 IS - 5 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA KW - DNA vaccines KW - antigen-antibody interactions KW - capsids KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - mice KW - vaccines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16360843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurovirology&rft.atitle=Review+of+West+Nile+virus+epidemiology+in+Italy+and+report+of+a+case+of+west+Nile+virus+encephalitis&rft.au=Delbue%2C+Serena%3BFerrante%2C+Pasquale%3BMariotto%2C+Sara%3BZanusso%2C+Gianluigi%3BPavone%2C+Antonino%3BChinaglia%2C+Mauro%3BL%E2%80%99Erario%2C+Roberto%3BMonaco%2C+Salvatore%3BFerrari%2C+Sergio&rft.aulast=Delbue&rft.aufirst=Serena&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13365-014-0276-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between breeding bird abundance and stand structure in the White Mountains, New Hampshire and Maine, USA AN - 16263867; 4263965 AB - Assessment of faunal distribution in relation to landscape features is becoming increasingly popular. Technological advances in remote sensing have encouraged regional analyses of the distributions of terrestrial vertebrates. Comparisons of the strength of association of habitat characteristics at various scales of measurement of habitat structure are rare. We compared the associations of forest cover-type, stand size-class, and stand structure to abundance of breeding bird species in managed forest in northern New England. We surveyed breeding birds and measured stand structure in 20 stands to test the hypothesis that forest cover-type, stand size-class, and structure variables were equally associated with numbers of forest birds. We fit regression models to data from each data source to predict the log number of individuals for each species. We restricted our analyses to cover-types with >1 size-class and to size-classes representing >1 cover-type, and restricted our comparisons to bird species with at least 10 observations/yr for 2 yr. Of 31 bird species that met our criteria for analysis, a significant (P <0.05) association was detected between bird abundance and structure data for 30 species, cover-type data for 19 species, and size-class data for 10 species. Stand structure was the best predictor of bird abundance for 25 species, cover-type for 5 species, and size-class for none. Of the 14 structure variables used in the analyses, total foliage volume of large and mid-size deciduous trees, density of mid-size trees, total woody stem density, total deciduous understory volume and total volume of large conifers were most frequently important in explaining variation in species abundances. Although each species had a unique set of structural affinities, multi-layered stands are apparently more important to long-distance migrants, in general, than to resident/short distance migrants. Large-scale efforts to identify important habitats, assess degree of protection, or monitor species /habitat trends are important to conservation. For forest birds, such efforts must include estimates of the factors to which the species of concern respond. At the stand scale in New England, it seems that bird abundance is more strongly associated with forest structure than with forest cover-type or stand size-class. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - DeGraaf, R M AU - Hestbeck, J B AU - Yamasaki, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1998/04/20/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 20 SP - 217 EP - 233 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 103 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Birds KW - USA, Maine KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16263867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+VSH-1%2C+a+generalized+transducing+bacteriophage+of+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+S+B%3BStanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems: plant cover, diversity and biomass following low-rate hexazinone application on Florida sandhills AN - 16262031; 4263960 AB - A longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem in the sandhills of north central Florida, upon which turkey oak gained dominance following a wildfire, was treated with low-rate (1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha) applications of the herbicide hexazinone during the 1991 growing season. All applications successfully reduced oak in the overstory and understory, mortality ranging from 83 to 93%. The declining competition from oaks was associated with progressive increases in foliar cover of wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs over time. Plant species diversity declined in the initial year, but recovered by the second growing season. Species richness increased overall, while evenness declined with the continuing expansion of wiregrass. Initial increases in the standing biomass of wiregrass did not persist beyond the second growing season. The broadcast application method exposed a greater number of understory plants to contact with hexazinone, resulting in initial declines in forb cover, species richness and diversity. Although recovery was noted in subsequent years, because of lower selectivity this broadcast application method is not recommended as a restoration technique. Spot application of liquid hexazinone was generally more selective in its effect upon the plant community. The 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha application rates, while producing an initial year reduction in diversity and evenness, resulted in increases in the cover of all graminoids and forbs and the highest species richness. While both application rates are useful, the 2.2 kg/ha application is most effective in controlling woody plant competition and stimulating increases in wiregrass and is therefore recommended for restoring xeric sandhills and similar longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - Outcalt, K W AU - Wilkins, R N AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2205 Columbia Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 USA Y1 - 1998/04/20/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 20 SP - 159 EP - 175 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 103 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Florida KW - biomass KW - cover KW - environmental restoration KW - longleaf pine KW - species diversity KW - wiregrass KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16262031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurovirology&rft.atitle=West+Nile+virus+polyradiculitis+with+good+prognosis&rft.au=Bollineni%2C+Aruna%3BPirzada%2C+Noor%3BElsamaloty%2C+Haitham%3BKoffman%2C+Boyd+M.&rft.aulast=Bollineni&rft.aufirst=Aruna&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13365-013-0163-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural chemical movement through a field-size watershed in Iowa: Surface hydrology and nitrate losses in discharge AN - 16560155; 4399713 AB - Nonpoint source pollution of surface water by nitrate from agricultural activities is a national problem. An agricultural watershed in the Iowa Loess Hills with a 23-year history of annual corn production with average N fertilization is studied. Headcut seepage is transported through a natural riparian zone and observed as weir baseflow; surface runoff is measured separately. Nitrate runoff graphs illustrate the importance of high-frequency sampling of each event to permit quantitative estimation of chemical loss. The concentration of nitrate carried from the field in basin drainage steadily increased from 20 mg L super(-1) in 1991. The rate of cumulative increase in the amount of applied N is greater than the rate of removal by the crop. Over the 23-year record, 23% of the mean annual application of N remains stored and available for leaching or chemical conversion by soil microbes. Nitrate removal during early spring snowmelt surface runoff shows a diurnal pattern that corresponds to the daily freezing and thawing of the surface soil in early March. Contribution to the load of nitrate deposited on the soil surface by rainfall is very small in comparison to the amount applied by fertilizer application. Measurable changes in water quality within various hydrogeologic compartments are seldom observed in just a few years of monitoring. Therefore, these results emphasize the importance of long-term data sets incorporating temporal variability when evaluating the impact of agricultural practices on surface water resources. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Scoggin, K D AU - Kramer, LA AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA, steinheimerstl.gov Y1 - 1998/04/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 16 SP - 1048 EP - 1052 VL - 32 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Iowa KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fertilization KW - Fertilizers KW - Corn KW - Hydrology KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Monitoring KW - Runoff KW - agricultural practices KW - Surface water KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Field tests KW - Chemical pollution KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Temporal distribution KW - Agrochemicals KW - Water pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Agricultural+chemical+movement+through+a+field-size+watershed+in+Iowa%3A+Surface+hydrology+and+nitrate+losses+in+discharge&rft.au=Steinheimer%2C+T+R%3BScoggin%2C+K+D%3BKramer%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Steinheimer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-04-16&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Temporal distribution; Nitrates; Surface water; Agricultural pollution; Watersheds; Water quality; Water pollution; Fertilizers; Hydrology; Groundwater pollution; Chemical pollution; Monitoring; Runoff; agricultural practices; Nonpoint pollution; Agrochemicals; Fertilization; Corn; Agricultural chemicals; Agricultural practices; Field tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of different domains in AFLR affects aflatoxin pathway metabolism in Aspergillus parasiticus transformants. AN - 80026078; 9680958 AB - AFLR, a zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding protein, is required for activation of genes comprising the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus spp. Transformation of Aspergillus parasiticus with plasmids containing the intact aflR gene gave clones that produced fivefold more aflatoxin pathway metabolites than did the untransformed strain. When a 13-bp region in the aflR promoter (position -102 to -115 with respect to the ATG) was deleted, including a portion of a palindromic site previously shown to bind recombinant AFLR, metabolite production was 40% that of transformants with intact aflR. This result provides further evidence that this site may be involved in the autoregulation of aflR. Overexpression of pathway genes could also result from increased quantities of AFLR titrating out a putative repressor protein. In AFLR, a 20-amino-acid acidic region near its carboxy-terminus resembles the region in yeast GAL4 required for GAL80 repressor binding. When 3 of the acidic amino acids in this region were deleted, levels of metabolites were even higher than those produced by transformants with intact aflR, as would be expected if repressor binding was suppressed in transformants containing this altered protein. Transformation with plasmids mutated at the AFLR zinc cluster (Cys to Trp at amino acid position 49) or at a putative nuclear localization signal region (RRARK deleted) gave clones with one-fifth the metabolite production of the untransformed fungus in spite of the transformants making the same or more aflR mRNA. Since these transformants retained a copy of intact aflR, the latter results can be explained best by assuming that AFLR activates genes involved in aflatoxin production as a dimeric protein and that heterodimers containing both mutant and intact AFLR strands are inactive. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Montalbano, B G AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. Ehrlich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 279 EP - 287 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Gene Dosage KW - Fungal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80026078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+different+domains+in+AFLR+affects+aflatoxin+pathway+metabolism+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+transformants.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+K+C%3BMontalbano%2C+B+G%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simplified sample preparation method from various foods for PCR detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica: a possible model for other food pathogens. AN - 79948094; 9633042 AB - A simplified method for the direct application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect plasmid-bearing virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) in a variety of foods. Strains of YEP+ representing five serotypes were detected in enriched swab samples of artificially contaminated pork chops, ground pork, cheese and zucchini using multiplex PCR analysis. The method was also effective for identifying YEP+ strains in naturally contaminated porcine tongues. The use of swabs eliminated time-consuming extraction of DNA from food, inhibition of PCR by food-derived DNA, interference by background flora and reduced the time needed for processing samples. The detection of other food pathogens should be feasible by this technique. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Cottrell, B AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 79 EP - 83 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Serotyping KW - Models, Biological KW - Cheese -- microbiology KW - Cucurbitaceae -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- diagnosis KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- genetics KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- isolation & purification KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- pathogenicity KW - Yersinia Infections -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79948094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=A+simplified+sample+preparation+method+from+various+foods+for+PCR+detection+of+pathogenic+Yersinia+enterocolitica%3A+a+possible+model+for+other+food+pathogens.&rft.au=Bhaduri%2C+S%3BCottrell%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bhaduri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of insecticides, entomopathogenic nematodes, and larvae of the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AN - 79886686; 9589627 AB - Chemical insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes have been independently used to suppress corn rootworm damage in maize. We report on the mortality response of larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, to the combined treatment with 1 of 3 insecticides (terbufos, fonofos, and tefluthrin) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Mexican strain). Corn rootworm mortality with combinations of the insecticides terbufos or fonofos and S. carpocapsae was typically additive for the 2 agents. Evidence of antagonism between these agents was sometimes observed. The combination of tefluthrin with S. carpocapsae frequently resulted in a synergistic response and a 24% average increase in expected mortality. The influence of the tefluthrin appears to be isolated to an effect on the rootworm larvae. Synergism also was observed when tefluthrin was combined with the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Lewiston strain). The combined use of tefluthrin with an entomopathogenic nematode may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for insect control. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Nishimatsu, T AU - Jackson, J J AD - Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD 57006, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 410 EP - 418 VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - terbufos KW - M83BN0F8R9 KW - Fonofos KW - P4VT8081QO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Zea mays KW - Beetles KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Rhabditoidea UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79886686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+insecticides%2C+entomopathogenic+nematodes%2C+and+larvae+of+the+western+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29.&rft.au=Nishimatsu%2C+T%3BJackson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Nishimatsu&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue swainsonine clearance in sheep chronically poisoned with locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). AN - 79843829; 9581938 AB - Locoweed poisoning is seen throughout the world and annually costs the livestock industry millions of dollars. Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase II. Poisoned animals are lethargic, anorexic, emaciated, and have neurologic signs that range from subtle apprehension to seizures. Swainsonine is water-soluble, rapidly absorbed, and likely to be widely distributed in the tissues of poisoned animals. The purpose of this study was to quantify swainsonine in tissues of locoweed-poisoned sheep and determine the rate of swainsonine clearance from animal tissues. Twenty-four crossbred wethers were gavaged with ground Oxytropis sericea to obtain swainsonine doses of 1 mg swainsonine x kg(-1) BW x d(-1) for 30 d. After dosing, the sheep were killed on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 14, 30, 60, and 160. Animal weights and feed consumption were monitored. Serum was collected during dosing and withdrawal periods, and tissues were collected at necropsy. Serum swainsonine concentrations were determined using an alpha-mannosidase inhibition assay. Swainsonine concentrations in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and serum were similar at approximately 250 ng/g. Clearance from these tissues was also similar, with half-lives (T(1/2)) of less than 20 h. Swainsonine at more than 2,000 ng/g, was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas. Clearance from liver, kidney, and pancreas was about T(1/2) 60 h. These findings imply that poisoned sheep have significant tissue swainsonine concentrations and animals exposed to locoweed should be withheld from slaughter for at least 25 d (10 T(1/2)) to ensure that the locoweed toxin has cleared from animal tissues and products. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Gardner, D R AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, J A AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 1140 EP - 1144 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Pancreas -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Sheep KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Pilot Projects KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Half-Life KW - Muscles -- pathology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Pancreas -- chemistry KW - Spleen -- chemistry KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Myocardium -- chemistry KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - Swainsonine -- analysis KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Swainsonine -- administration & dosage KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Swainsonine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plant Poisoning -- metabolism KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79843829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Tissue+swainsonine+clearance+in+sheep+chronically+poisoned+with+locoweed+%28Oxytropis+sericea%29.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of roxarsone and monensin on digital flexoral tendons of broiler chickens. AN - 79816866; 9565233 AB - Roxarsone and monensin are common poultry feed additives that are used alone or in combination with other drugs to improve growth and feed utilization in young birds. The effects of monensin and roxarsone on the physiology of flexoral tendons of broiler chickens were examined to understand their relationships to leg weakness that have been occasionally associated with these drugs. Day-old chickens were fed either roxarsone or monensin for a period of 6 wk with two regimens of each of the drugs (roxarsone, 45.4 or 90.8 g/ton feed; monensin, 100 or 150 g/ton feed). None of the treatments had any adverse effect on the growth of the birds or caused any significant leg problem. Roxarsone at 45.4 g/ton caused a significant gain in body weight. The biomechanical strength of digital flexoral tendons was measured in several ways. There were no statistical differences in load at break, the modulus of elasticity, or stress or strain levels between different treatment groups and birds that received no medication. There were no differences in collagen, proteoglycan, and pyridinoline content of tendons. Sequential extraction of tendons with different solvents revealed a significant increase in the percentage of guanidine HCl extractible collagens in monensin-treated birds, and a decrease in the acid extractible collagen in both roxarsone- and monensin-treated groups. The relative content of collagen in acid extractible collagens were significantly small relative to total collagen content. Majority of collagen (84 to 90%) was extractible with pepsin. About 8 to 11% of total collagen was resistant to pepsin that was extractible with collagenase; this did not differ between treatment groups. Roxarsone treatment had no effect on the guanidine soluble collagen pool. The effect of monensin on the increase in guanidine soluble pool of collagen may relate to its disruptive effects on cellular secretory processes, which may be of significance in modulating connective tissue function in conjunction with other factors. However, in the present study, neither roxarsone nor monensin alone produced any significant leg problems nor caused any significant differences in the physiology of flexoral tendons or altered their biomechanical properties. JF - Poultry science AU - Rath, N C AU - Chapman, H D AU - Fitz-Coy, S H AU - Balog, J M AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. nrath@comp.uark.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 523 EP - 528 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Coccidiostats KW - Food Additives KW - Glycosaminoglycans KW - pyridinoline KW - 63800-01-1 KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Monensin KW - 906O0YJ6ZP KW - Roxarsone KW - H5GU9YQL7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Collagen -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Cohort Studies KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Amino Acids -- drug effects KW - Amino Acids -- analysis KW - Collagen -- analysis KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Glycosaminoglycans -- analysis KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Monensin -- toxicity KW - Tendons -- chemistry KW - Monensin -- administration & dosage KW - Tendons -- drug effects KW - Coccidiostats -- toxicity KW - Roxarsone -- toxicity KW - Tendons -- physiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Coccidiostats -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- toxicity KW - Roxarsone -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79816866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurovirology&rft.atitle=Temporal+analyses+of+the+neuropathogenesis+of+a+West+Nile+virus+infection+in+mice&rft.au=Hunsperger%2C+Elizabeth+A.%3BRoehrig%2C+John+T.&rft.aulast=Hunsperger&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13550280600758341 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Environmental Consequences of the Conservation Tillage Adoption Decision in Agriculture in the United States AN - 755135302; 13635226 AB - The environmental consequences of conservation tillage practices are an important issue concerning the impact of agricultural production on the environment. While it is generally recognized that water runoff and soil erosion will decline as no tillage and mulch tillage systems are used more extensively on cropland, what will happen to pesticide and fertilizer use remains uncertain. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that this dicision is a two step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and it had an above average expenditure on pesticides and a below average expenditure on fuel and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting a no tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Uri, Noel D AD - Natural Resources and Environment Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 9 EP - 34 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 103 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - dominance KW - mulches KW - Rainfall KW - Agricultural production KW - Fuels KW - Soil erosion KW - corn KW - Fertilizers KW - farms KW - Soils KW - Agricultural runoff KW - agriculture KW - agricultural land KW - Soil contamination KW - Agrochemicals KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - USA KW - Pesticides KW - Conservation KW - tillage KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755135302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+Environmental+Consequences+of+the+Conservation+Tillage+Adoption+Decision+in+Agriculture+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Uri%2C+Noel+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004968616527 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-10-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Fertilizers; Fuels; Soils; Pesticides; Soil erosion; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Ecosystem disturbance; dominance; mulches; Agricultural production; Rainfall; agriculture; agricultural land; Soil contamination; Agrochemicals; corn; farms; Conservation; tillage; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004968616527 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practicing geology internationally; Eritrea, East Africa AN - 52598345; 1998-038162 JF - The Professional Geologist AU - Moore, John S Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 5 EP - 7 PB - American Institute of Professional Geologists, Arvada, CO VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0279-0521, 0279-0521 KW - hydrology KW - soil mechanics KW - programs KW - East Africa KW - government agencies KW - agriculture KW - Eritrea Ministry of Agriculture KW - education KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - irrigation KW - utilization KW - earth dams KW - U. S. Agency for International Development KW - practice KW - geologists KW - dams KW - Africa KW - gravity dams KW - Eritrea KW - construction KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52598345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Neurological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Delayed+imaging+abnormalities+of+neuro-invasive+West+Nile+virus+in+cancer+patients&rft.au=Mandel%2C+Jacob+J.%3BTummala%2C+Sudhakar%3BWoodman%2C+Karin+Hoang%3BTremont-Lukats%2C+Ivo&rft.aulast=Mandel&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.volume=350&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Neurological+Sciences&rft.issn=0022510X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jns.2015.02.014 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - CODEN - PFGLBS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; agriculture; construction; dams; design; earth dams; East Africa; education; Eritrea; Eritrea Ministry of Agriculture; geologists; government agencies; gravity dams; hydrology; irrigation; practice; programs; soil mechanics; U. S. Agency for International Development; U. S. Department of Agriculture; utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alternative to cokriging for situations with small sample sizes AN - 52201500; 2001-063641 JF - Mathematical Geology AU - Abbaspour, K C AU - Schulin, R AU - van Genuchten, M T AU - Schlaeppi, E Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 259 EP - 274 PB - Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers [for the] International Association for Mathematical Geology, New York-London VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0882-8121, 0882-8121 KW - soils KW - protection KW - cokriging KW - errors KW - sampling KW - statistical analysis KW - environmental geology KW - algorithms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52201500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Geology&rft.atitle=An+alternative+to+cokriging+for+situations+with+small+sample+sizes&rft.au=Abbaspour%2C+K+C%3BSchulin%2C+R%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T%3BSchlaeppi%2C+E&rft.aulast=Abbaspour&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematical+Geology&rft.issn=08828121&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=b408f16fc4da4b01a4296f132139c809&referrer=parent&backto=browsepublicationsresults,1625,2444; LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MATGED N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; cokriging; environmental geology; errors; protection; sampling; soils; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Narrow hybrid zone between two subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata: Asteraceae). VI. Respiration and water potential AN - 17252712; 4525194 AB - Respiration and stem water potential ( psi ) were examined in parental and hybrid big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata and Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) grown in common gardens within each parental zone and in the hybrid zone. Plants were sampled in July, August, and September, i.e., immediately before, during, and after flowering. The habitats differed from one another, and there were significant garden by date interactions. The source populations also differed significantly from one another. There were no significant garden by source interactions. Hybrid plants had intermediate respiration rates and did not suffer greater water stress than parental plants. Hybrid plants showed no apparent decrease in adaptation in the important physiological traits respiration and water stress in the hybrid zone. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadien de Botanique AU - McArthur, ED AU - Freeman, D C AU - Graham, J H AU - Wang, H AU - Sanderson, S C AU - Monaco, T A AU - Smith, B N AD - Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 567 EP - 574 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Flowering KW - Respiration KW - Water potential KW - Stems KW - Hybridization KW - Water stress KW - Artemisia tridentata tridentata KW - Artemisia tridentata vaseyana KW - Adaptation KW - Water potentials KW - Sagebrush KW - Biological sampling KW - Plant populations KW - Zones KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Narrow+hybrid+zone+between+two+subspecies+of+big+sagebrush+%28Artemisia+tridentata%3A+Asteraceae%29.+VI.+Respiration+and+water+potential&rft.au=McArthur%2C+ED%3BFreeman%2C+D+C%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BWang%2C+H%3BSanderson%2C+S+C%3BMonaco%2C+T+A%3BSmith%2C+B+N&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flowering; Water stress; Respiration; Water potential; Stems; Plant populations; Biological sampling; Zones; Hybridization; Adaptation; Water potentials; Sagebrush; Artemisia tridentata vaseyana; Artemisia tridentata tridentata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic Controls on Phosphorus Loss from Upland Agricultural Watersheds AN - 17186988; 4478617 AB - Development of strategies for controlling P loss from upland agricultural watersheds requires an ability to identify specific source areas of P at field and farm scales, and to predict their resultant effects at the watershed scale. Key to identification of P source areas is defining the interaction between P availability over the landscape and its potential for movement to the watershed outlet by runoff and erosion. A current weakness in quantifying this interaction is determining specific zones of runoff and erosion within a watershed, that is, source areas for the P transport mechanisms. Research results from a series of studies within a small, upland agricultural watershed in east-central Pennsylvania show that the zones of runoff production, and consequently the areas ultimately controlling most P transport, are often a limited and identifiable portion of the landscape. Quantifying the hydrologic controls on P transport within and from a watershed in this way allows us to focus management options on small and definable portions of the total watershed that contribute most P export. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gburek, W J AU - Sharpley, AN AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Wjg1su.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 267 EP - 277 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - Phosphorus KW - Agricultural watersheds KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Watersheds KW - Water pollution control KW - Cultivated lands KW - Erosion KW - Hydrology KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Environment management KW - Nutrient loss KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17186988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Immunological+detection+of+wood+decay+fungi--an+overview+of+techniques+developed+from+1986+to+the+present&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water pollution control; Erosion; Farms; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Watersheds; Nutrient loss; Environment management; Agricultural runoff; Cultivated lands; Agricultural watersheds; Nonpoint pollution sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acceleration of 1,3-Dichloropropene Degradation by Organic Amendments and Potential Application for Emissions Reduction AN - 17182722; 4478735 AB - Emissions of the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) can result in degradation of air quality in certain areas. The high emission potential of 1,3-D is caused by its rapid diffusion and comparatively slow degradation in soil. One approach to reduce the emission is to enhance the surface soil's capacity to degrade 1,3-D. We investigated the capability of two organic amendments, a composted manure (CM) and a biosolid-manure mix (BM), to accelerate 1,3-D degradation in soil. Degradation of 1,3-D was significantly enhanced in amended soils compared to the unamended soil, and the degree of acceleration varied with the type as well as the rate of amendment. Compost manure was more effective in stimulating 1,3-D degradation than the less decomposed BM; even at an amendment/soil ratio as low as 1:40 (w/w), degradation in the CM-amended soil was two times faster than that in the unamended soil. The acceleration in CM-amended soils was a combined result of enhanced chemical and microbial degradation, since sterilization only partially reduced the enhanced degradation. The reduction of 1,3-D emissions by surface application of organic amendments was illustrated in a column experiment: 1,3-D emission loss after injection at 30 cm was 30% from an unamended Arlington sandy loam (a coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralf), but decreased to only 16% in the column containing 5% CM in its top 5-cm layer. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Crowley, D AU - Becker, JO AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 408 EP - 414 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Manure KW - Land application KW - Fumigation KW - Soil KW - Compost KW - Composts KW - Emission control KW - Soil amendment KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17182722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Acceleration+of+1%2C3-Dichloropropene+Degradation+by+Organic+Amendments+and+Potential+Application+for+Emissions+Reduction&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BCrowley%2C+D%3BBecker%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Land application; Soil amendment; Compost; Emission control; Manure; Fumigation; Biodegradation; Composts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory evaluation of a methyl anthranilate bead formulation on mallard feeding behavior AN - 17174329; 4470875 AB - We applied methyl anthranilate (MA) bead formulation coded JR930413 to bottom sediment in a simulated pond setting to evaluate its repellency to captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We applied JR930413 at a rate of 21.7 kg/ha or 7 bead/cm super(2) to bottom sediment. Methyl anthranialte bead formulation JR930413 was effective in reducing time mallards spent in pools (P less than or equal to 0.01). Application of JR930413 to contaminated waterfowl feeding areas at 21.7 kg/ha could reduce feeding and mortality and warrants further testing in the field. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Cummings, J L AU - Clark, L AU - Pochop, P A AU - Davis, JE Jr AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 581 EP - 584 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Mallard KW - methyl anthranilate bead formulation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Anas platyrhynchos KW - Wildlife management KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Repellents KW - Nature conservation KW - Freshwater KW - Feeding behavior KW - Ponds KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17174329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+a+methyl+anthranilate+bead+formulation+on+mallard+feeding+behavior&rft.au=Cummings%2C+J+L%3BClark%2C+L%3BPochop%2C+P+A%3BDavis%2C+JE+Jr&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding behaviour; Repellents; Nature conservation; Ponds; Wildlife management; Feeding behavior; Anas platyrhynchos; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shot prevalences and diets of diving ducks five years after ban on use of lead shotshells at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana AN - 17172408; 4470873 AB - Catahoula Lake, central Louisiana, is a RAMSAR Convention Wetland of International Importance and among the most important wintering and staging areas for waterfowl in North America. To evaluate exposure rates in Catahoula Lake waterfowl 5 years after a ban on use of lead shot, we determined the prevalence of ingested shot and diets of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and lesser scaup (A. affinis) salvaged from commercial fishing nets in winter 1992-93. Plant material composed >77% of the midwinter diet of canvasbacks. Consumption of belowground plant material (e.g., chufa flatsedge [Cyperus esculentus] and arrowhead [Sagittaria spp.] tubers) exceeded 47% in 1992-93, but was lower than in 1987-88. Male lesser scaup fed almost exclusively on plant material, especially bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fascicularis) and millet (Echinochloa spp.). Prevalence of ingested lead or steel shot was similar in canvasbacks (38%) and lesser scaup (34%) in spite of differences in foraging behavior, suggesting that ducks actively selected shot as grit. Shot (lead or steel) prevalence in diving ducks at Catahoula Lake was similar in winters 1987-88 and 1992-93, but the proportion of birds with lead in their gizzards was greatly reduced in 1992-93 (6%) compared to 1987-88 (27%). Because ingestion of lead shot deposited in wetlands prior to steel shot regulations remains a problem at some sites, we suggest that provision of nontoxic grit may serve to reduce lead shot prevalence in waterfowl at contaminated sites. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Moore, J L AU - Hohman, W L AU - Stark, T M AU - Weisbrich, G A AD - USDA/NRCS, Department of Animal Ecology, 124 Science II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, whohmanastate.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 564 EP - 569 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Canvasback KW - Diving ducks KW - Lesser scaup KW - North America KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Louisiana, Catahoula L. KW - environmental legislation KW - grit KW - lead KW - lead shot KW - wildlife management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Food organisms KW - Contamination KW - Freshwater KW - Lead KW - Lakes KW - Shotgun pellets KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Wetlands KW - Steel KW - Diets KW - Aquatic plants KW - Aythya valisineria KW - Aythya KW - Aythya affinis KW - Population exposure KW - Aquatic birds KW - Wildlife management KW - Forages KW - Animal behavior KW - Waterfowl KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Ducks KW - Nature conservation KW - Hunting KW - Pollution control KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17172408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Shot+prevalences+and+diets+of+diving+ducks+five+years+after+ban+on+use+of+lead+shotshells+at+Catahoula+Lake%2C+Louisiana&rft.au=Moore%2C+J+L%3BHohman%2C+W+L%3BStark%2C+T+M%3BWeisbrich%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Food organisms; Aquatic plants; Lead; Lakes; Bioaccumulation; Feeding behaviour; Nature conservation; Wetlands; Steel; Hunting; Aquatic birds; Pollution control; Waterfowl; Wildlife management; Contamination; Shotgun pellets; Forages; Ducks; Population exposure; Animal behavior; Aythya; Aythya affinis; Aythya valisineria; USA, Louisiana, Catahoula L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi-1) promoter in developing maize (Zea mays L.) seeds examined using transient gene expression in kernels grown in vitro AN - 17151487; 4451749 AB - Kernel culture was assessed for evaluating novel gene expression in developing maize (Zea mays L.) seeds by comparing the transient expression of maize ubiquitin (Ubi-1) promoter-driven beta -glucuronidase (GUS) delivered by particle bombardment in kernels grown in culture with those grown in planta. With kernels from either source, GUS expression, as determined by histochemical staining, was widespread in young, actively growing kernels, but it diminished with kernel age and by 25 days after pollination was found only in the embryo. Transient expression of Ubi-1 in kernels grown in vitro was not affected by wounding, ethylene treatment, pathogen invasion, or heat shock. In contrast, the plant hormones indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin both stimulated transient Ubi-1 expression in the endosperm, particularly at the periphery. Transient gene expression in developing maize seeds grown in vitro should allow for facile and rapid evaluation of the tissue-specificity and environmental responses of novel gene constructs in developing maize seeds. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Muhitch, MJ AU - Shatters, R G AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 476 EP - 481 VL - 17 IS - 6-7 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - gene expression KW - maize KW - ubiquitin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Promoters KW - Seeds KW - Zea mays KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17151487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+the+maize+ubiquitin+%28Ubi-1%29+promoter+in+developing+maize+%28Zea+mays+L.%29+seeds+examined+using+transient+gene+expression+in+kernels+grown+in+vitro&rft.au=Muhitch%2C+MJ%3BShatters%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Muhitch&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Seeds; Promoters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective growth inhibition of the musty-odor producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria cf. chalybea by natural compounds AN - 16558262; 4375994 AB - The most common off-flavor problem in drinking water and fresh water-raised fish is earthy-musty odor. Actinomycetes and cyanobacteria are the microorganisms most frequently associated with producing geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) which are responsible for causing earthy-musty odors. The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria cf. chalybea produces MIB, and is the major cause of musty off-flavor in channel catfish in west-central Mississippi. Channel catfish exposed to MIB will absorb the compound within hours while removal of MIB from the fish flesh may take days or weeks. Channel catfish determined to be off-flavor must be held in ponds by the producer for days or weeks until they are deemed to be on-flavor and marketable. Such management dilemmas can increase production costs by an amount equivalent to 12% of the annual revenues received by catfish producers. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schrader, K K AU - De Regt, MQ AU - Tidwell, PR AU - Tucker, C S AU - Duke, SO AD - USDA, ARS, NPURU, Post Office Box 8048, University, MS 38677-8048, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 651 EP - 658 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - 2-Methylisoborneol KW - 2-methylisoborneol KW - Oscillatoria KW - USA, Mississippi KW - catfish KW - geosmin KW - musty odor KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Contamination KW - fish culture KW - Odors KW - Freshwater fish KW - Odor compounds KW - Odor pollution KW - Food quality KW - Off flavor KW - Fish fillets KW - Fish culture KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Food industry KW - Microorganisms KW - Fish KW - Cyanophyta KW - Fishery products KW - Aquaculture KW - Growth KW - Seafood KW - Actinomycetes KW - Bacteria KW - Oscillatoria ichalybea KW - Taste KW - Drinking water KW - Odour KW - Pollution control KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24172:Plants KW - R 18122:Taints & off-flavors KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+and+Experimental+Neuropsychology&rft.atitle=Persistent+neuropsychological+impairment+associated+with+West+Nile+virus+infection&rft.au=Sadek%2C+Joseph+R.%3BPergam%2C+Steven+A.%3BHarrington%2C+Jennifer+A.%3BEchevarria%2C+Leonor+A.%3BDavis%2C+Larry+E.%3BGoade%2C+Diane%3BHarnar%2C+JoAnn%3BNofchissey%2C+Robert+A.%3BSewell%2C+C.+Mack%3BEttestad%2C+Paul%3BHaaland%2C+Kathleen+Y.&rft.aulast=Sadek&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+and+Experimental+Neuropsychology&rft.issn=13803395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13803390902881918 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Taste; Freshwater fish; Aquaculture; Growth; Microorganisms; Fish; Seafood; Fish fillets; Odour; Fish culture; Fishery products; Freshwater pollution; Pollution control; Contamination; Food industry; fish culture; Odor compounds; Odor pollution; Off flavor; Food quality; Drinking water; Odors; Cyanophyta; Oscillatoria ichalybea; Oscillatoria; Actinomycetes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of injection molded starch-poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) blends in a natural compost environment AN - 16558055; 4383564 AB - Injection molded specimens were prepared by blending poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) with cornstarch. Blended formulations incorporated 30% or 50% starch in the presence or absence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which enhances the adherence of starch granules to PHBV. These formulations were evaluated for their biodegradability in natural compost by measuring changes in physical and chemical properties over a period of 125 days. The degradation of plastic material, as evidenced by weight loss and deterioration in tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present in the blends (neat PHBV < 30% starch < 50% starch). Incorporation of PEO into starch-PHBV blends had little or no effect on the rate of weight loss. Starch in blends degraded faster than PHBV and it accelerated PHBV degradation. Also, PHBV did not retard starch degradation. After 125 days of exposure to compost, neat PHBV lost 7% of its weight (0.056% weight loss/day), while the PHBV component of a 50% starch blend lost 41% of its weight (0.328% weight loss/day). PHB and PHV moieties within the copolymer degraded at similar rates, regardless of the presence of starch, as determined by super(1)H-NMR spectroscopy. GPC analyses revealed that, while the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PHBV in all exposed samples decreased, there was no significant difference in this decrease between neat PHBV as opposed to PHBV blended with starch. SEM showed homogeneously distributed starch granules embedded in a PHBV matrix, typical of a filler material. Starch granules were rapidly depleted during exposure to compost, increasing the surface area of the PHBV matrix. JF - Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation AU - Imam, SH AU - Chen, L AU - Gordon, SH AU - Shogren, R L AU - Weisleder, D AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer, Plant Polymer and Analytical Support Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, IMAMSH@MAIL.NCAUR.USDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 91 EP - 98 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1064-7546, 1064-7546 KW - physicochemical properties KW - poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) KW - polymers KW - starch KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Compost KW - Biodegradation KW - Composts KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Plastics KW - Polymers KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Polymer+Degradation&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+injection+molded+starch-poly+%283-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate%29+blends+in+a+natural+compost+environment&rft.au=Imam%2C+SH%3BChen%2C+L%3BGordon%2C+SH%3BShogren%2C+R+L%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Polymer+Degradation&rft.issn=10647546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Physicochemical properties; Polymers; Biodegradation; Composts; Plastics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradability of quaternized, crosslinked sugarcane bagasse AN - 16557768; 4383562 AB - Quaternized, crosslinked sugarcane bagasse can adsorb anionic dyes from textile wastewater. Disposal of dye-saturated adsorbent by composting or land application would require that modifications made to the bagasse do not interfere with its decomposition. The impact of quaternization and crosslinking on bagasse biodegradability was examined. Bagasse in varying states of modification was mixed with soil and monitored for carbon dioxide evolution for four weeks at 27 degree C. After subtracting the amount of carbon evolved from control soil samples, the net carbon evolved from the bagasse samples was determined and used as a measure of their extent of biodegradation. Biodegradability decreased in the order: bagasse (approx. 60% degraded after four weeks) > quaternized bagasse > quaternized, epichlorohydrin-crosslinked bagasse > quaternized, methylene-bis-acrylamide-crosslinked bagasse > epichlorohydrin-crosslinked bagasse (less than 5% degraded). Crosslinking severely impacted biodegration, probably by preventing the penetration of (hemi)cellulytic and lignolytic enzymes into the interior of the modified bagasse particles. It is concluded that the biodegradability of quaternized, crosslinked bagasse is too low for composting or land application. JF - Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation AU - Laszlo, JA AD - Biomaterials Processing Research USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, laszloja@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 73 EP - 78 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1064-7546, 1064-7546 KW - Saccharum officinarum KW - bagasse KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Biodegradation KW - Adsorbents KW - Decomposition KW - Land application KW - Food processing industry wastes KW - Dyes KW - Waste disposal KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+GIS+%26+Mapnotes&rft.atitle=SoilView%3B+a+soil+survey+report+for+today%27s+technology&rft.au=D%27Avello%2C+Tom%3BMcLeese%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=D%27Avello&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=Fall&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Illinois+GIS+%26+Mapnotes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Waste disposal; Land application; Compost; Food processing industry wastes; Adsorbents; Decomposition; Carbon dioxide; Dyes; Biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waxy wheats: Origin, properties, and prospects AN - 16552879; 4394121 AB - Starch amylose is synthesized through the activity of the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), there are three structural genes encoding isoforms of GBSS. Naturally occurring mutations (null alleles) resulting in the loss of one or more GBSS isoforms have recently been identified. The presence of one or two GBSS null alleles results in the production of starch with reduced amylose content. Reduced amylose wheats have been termed 'partial waxy'. Wheats with three GBSS null alleles produce essentially amylose-free, or waxy, starch. Partial waxy wheats are sources of flours with optimal quality characteristics in certain Asian wet noodle products. In addition, partial waxy wheats are essential to the development of waxy wheats with acceptable agronomic performance. Biochemical features of starch from waxy wheats are similar to those of waxy maize. Waxy wheats may find application in the production of modified food starches, as blending wheats for the formulation of superior noodle flours, and as a means to manipulate amylose contents in substrates for extrusion. Flour from waxy wheats may also be used to extend the shelf-life of baked goods, without a concomitant dilution of wheat gluten. Finally, waxy wheat may increase profitability to gluten manufacturers by providing a co-product with added value. JF - Trends in Food Science & Technology AU - Graybosch, R A AD - USDA-ARS, 344 Keim, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA, agro100@unlvm.unl.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 135 EP - 142 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0924-2244, 0924-2244 KW - amylose KW - granule-bound starch synthase KW - starch KW - waxy wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Reviews KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Waxy+wheats%3A+Origin%2C+properties%2C+and+prospects&rft.au=Graybosch%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Graybosch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calculation of average landslide frequency using climatic records AN - 16549608; 4374878 AB - Aerial photographs are used to develop a relationship between the number of debris slides generated during a hydrologic event and the size of the event, and the long-term average debris-slide frequency is calculated from climate records using the relation. For a site in California with an average of 8.3 slides km super(-2) yr super(-1), a sequence of four photo sets (representing 10-15 years, 35-50 observed slides, and 4-6 large storms) is needed to estimate the long-term debris-slide frequency to within 30% of the actual value (p = 0.90). If climatic records are used, a record length of 5-10 years (17-35 observed slides and 2-4 significant storms) is sufficient to provide the same accuracy. The climate-based model suggests that debris-slide frequency changed from approximately 1.6 to 8.3 slides km super(-2) yr super(-1) during the late 1930s owing to an increased frequency of high-intensity storms. The model accurately predicts the change in slide-scar density observed on sequential aerial photographs following the climatic shift. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Reid, L M AD - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, CA, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 869 EP - 877 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, California KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Historical account KW - Mathematical models KW - Temporal distribution KW - Density KW - Climate KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Aerial photography KW - Storms KW - Landslides KW - Frequency analysis KW - Measuring methods KW - Model studies KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16549608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+West+Nile+virus+from+mosquitoes%2C+crows%2C+and+a+Cooper%27s+hawk+in+Connecticut&rft.au=Anderson%2C+John+F.%3BAndreadis%2C+Theodore+G.%3BVossbrinck%2C+Charles+R.%3BTirrell%2C+Shirley%3BWakem%2C+Edward+M.%3BFrench%2C+Richard+A.%3BGarmendia%2C+Antonio+E.%3BVan+Kruiningen%2C+Herbert+J.&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=5448&rft.spage=2331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.286.5448.2331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Landslides; Historical account; Frequency analysis; Mathematical models; Temporal distribution; Measuring methods; Climatic changes; Climate; Remote sensing; Aerial photography; Storms; Density; Model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of green mold on grapefruit after hot forced-air quarantine treatment AN - 16543477; 4311545 AB - Lesions on grapefruit developing from wounds inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium digitatum just prior to heating for 300 min in 46 degree C moist, forced air developed less rapidly during 4 days of storage at 21 degree C than lesions formed from inoculations made after the fruit were heated, or lesions on non-heated fruit. Since the lesion size on fruit inoculated after heating was similar to that on fruit that were not heated, induced host resistance via lignification or accumulation of phytoalexins probably did not occur. Results from this research demonstrate that development of green mold on grapefruit caused by P. digitatum is inhibited by time and temperature regimes of moist, forced air that are known to provide quarantine security against Mexican fruit fly. JF - Plant Disease AU - Shellie, K C AU - Skaria, M AD - USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, kshellie@pop.tamu.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 380 EP - 382 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Citrus paradisi KW - Storage KW - Heating KW - Spoilage KW - Lesions KW - Penicillium digitatum KW - Spores KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.atitle=Pliocene-Quaternary+geology+of+northern+New+Jersey&rft.au=Witte%2C+Ron+W%3BEpstein%2C+Jack+B%3BWright%2C+John%3BStanford%2C+Scott+D%3BAshley%2C+Gail+M%3BShaw%2C+Richard+K&rft.aulast=Witte&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus paradisi; Penicillium digitatum; Fruits; Spores; Lesions; Heating; Spoilage; Storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in corn kernels is associated with a 14-kDa protein AN - 16533344; 4308338 AB - Corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to Aspergillus flavus were extracted for protein analysis using a pH 2.8 buffer. The profile of protein extracts revealed that a 14-kDa protein is present in relatively high concentration in kernels of seven resistant corn genotypes, but is absent or present only in low concentration in kernels of six susceptible ones. The N-terminal sequence of this 14-kDa protein showed 100% homology to a corn trypsin inhibitor. The 14-kDa protein purified from resistant varieties also demonstrated in vitro inhibition of both trypsin activity and the growth of A. flavus. This is the first demonstration of antifungal activity of a corn 14-kDa trypsin inhibitor protein. The expression of this protein among tested genotypes may be related to their difference in resistance to A. flavus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chen, Z-Y AU - Brown, R L AU - Lax, A R AU - Guo, B Z AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Russin, J S AD - Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 276 EP - 281 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Plant protection KW - Disease resistance KW - Zea mays KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16533344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Resistance+to+Aspergillus+flavus+in+corn+kernels+is+associated+with+a+14-kDa+protein&rft.au=Chen%2C+Z-Y%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BGuo%2C+B+Z%3BCleveland%2C+TE%3BRussin%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Z-Y&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=978-1-109-28686-1&rft.btitle=&rft.title=A+geospatial+analysis+of+West+Nile+virus+in+the+Twin+Cities+Metropolitan+area+of+Minnesota&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Plant protection; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water use patterns of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and the effects of human disturbance AN - 16529392; 4340782 AB - To aid the effectiveness of water developments, patterns of deer visiting water sources and the responses of deer to disturbance were examined. Deer visited water sources day and night, but not all deer at water sources drank. Thus, the assumption that radio-telemetry locations within arbitrary distances of water indicate drinking events may lead to overestimates of watering frequency. Human disturbance did not preclude or seriously impede use of water by deer. Deer reacted by adjusting the amount of time spent at water sources, moving away from water to return later and/or increasing the frequency with which they drank. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Boroski, B B AU - Mossman, A S AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2081 E. Sierra Avenue, Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 561 EP - 569 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Mule deer KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16529392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Water+use+patterns+of+mule+deer+%28Odocoileus+hemionus%29+and+the+effects+of+human+disturbance&rft.au=Boroski%2C+B+B%3BMossman%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Boroski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.1997.0351 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1997.0351 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape Structure and Spread of the Exotic Shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) in Southwestern Ohio Forests AN - 16485766; 4373173 AB - The Asian shrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder has been widely used as an ornamental in the eastern United States. First planted in Oxford, Ohio, around 1960, it has since spread into forest patches in the surrounding agricultural landscape. Despite its abundance, and its bird-dispersed fruits, the spread of Lonicera maackii has been unequal in different directions, with local distribution limits much farther N than W of Oxford. Our objective was to determine whether the distribution limits of L. maackii in these two directions were correlated with differences in landscape structure: percentage of forest land and degree of forest connectivity. Aerial surveys were used to determine the current distribution of L. maackii in forest patches in a belt transecting N and W from Oxford. The N transect, which had more extensive spread of L. maackii, had greater forest cover and connectivity. In both transects, L. maackii reached its distribution limit when forest cover dropped to <5% and forest connectivity was 0%. Large expanses of agricultural land apparently act as a barrier to the dispersal of this naturalized shrub. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Hutchinson, T F AU - Vankat, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, hutchin@trees.neusfs4153.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 383 EP - 390 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=139&page=383] VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - USA, Ohio KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Landscape+Structure+and+Spread+of+the+Exotic+Shrub+Lonicera+maackii+%28Amur+honeysuckle%29+in+Southwestern+Ohio+Forests&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+T+F%3BVankat%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis from triglyceride substrates AN - 16484581; 4351430 AB - The biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) by Pseudomonas resinovorans from triglyceride substrates was investigated. Each triglyceride, whether animal fat or vegetable oil, supported cellular growth to relatively high average cell yields (3.3 plus or minus 0.2 g/l). PHA yields ranged from 1.1 g/l to 2.1 g/l, representing approximately 45% of the bacterial cell dry weight. The repeat-trait composition of the polymers was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry of the beta -hydroxyalkanoate methyl esters from the hydrolyzed polymers. With the exception of PHA from soybean oil (PHA-soy), each polyester was composed of beta -hydroxyacyl moieties with chain lengths ranging from C sub(4) to C sub(14), with C sub(8) and C sub(10) being the predominant species. PHA-soy contained an additional fraction (2%) of C sub(16) monomers. The alkyl side-chains of the PHA contained varying degrees of unsaturation. PHA from coconut oil was composed entirely of saturated side-chains, whereas PHA-soy contained 4.2 mol% olefinic groups in its side-chains. The increase in the degree of side-chain unsaturation caused decreased melting temperatures, enthalpies of fusion, and glass transition temperatures. The molar masses of the polymers were relatively constant and ranged from 6.5 x l0 super(4) to 10.1 x 10 super(4) g/mol. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, rashby@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - polyhydroxyalkanoic acid KW - triglycerides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16484581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Poly%28hydroxyalkanoate%29+biosynthesis+from+triglyceride+substrates&rft.au=Ashby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, feed conversion, fillet proximate composition and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus (Lesueur), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids fed 25% and 45% protein diets AN - 16480179; 4325967 AB - Juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), blue catfish, I. furcatus (Lesueur), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids were fed practical diets containing 25% and 45% protein during a 10-week trial to determine the effects of genotype, dietary protein level and genotype x diet interactions on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), fillet proximate composition and resistance to the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. Rankings of genotypes (best to worst) for absolute weight gain, percentage weight gain and FCR were: channel, channel female x blue male, blue, and blue female x channel male for the 25% protein diet; and channel, channel x blue, blue x channel, and blue for the 45% diet. Diet did not affect growth or FCR of channel catfish, but growth and FCR were better for blue catfish and both hybrids fed the 25% diet compared to those fed the 45% diet. Channel catfish additive genetic and maternal effects were favourable, and heterosis was negative for growth and FCR. After adjusting for effects of fish size, genotype had no effect on fillet composition. Fillet protein was higher for all genotypes, and fillet lipid was lower for blue catfish and hybrids fed the 45% diet than for fish fed the 25% diet. Genotype x diet interactions observed for growth, FCR and fillet lipid appeared to be a result of poor palatability of the 45% diet to blue catfish and hybrids. Survival (76-93%) and antibody levels (0.10-0.24 OD) after exposure to E. ictaluri at the end of the feeding trial were not affected by genotype or diet. Hybridization of blue catfish and channel catfish would not be an effective method for improving the traits measured for the fish strains and diets used in this study. JF - Aquaculture Research AU - Bosworth, B G AU - Wolters, W R AU - Wise, D J AU - Li, M H AD - Catfish Genetics Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 251 EP - 257 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1355-557X, 1355-557X KW - Blue catfish KW - Channel catfish KW - diets KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Diets KW - Heterosis KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - fish culture KW - Disease resistance KW - Nutrition KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Food conversion KW - Biochemical composition KW - Hybrid culture KW - Nutritional requirements KW - Proteins KW - Ictalurus furcatus KW - Fish culture KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+Research&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+feed+conversion%2C+fillet+proximate+composition+and+resistance+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+of+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+%28Rafinesque%29%2C+blue+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+furcatus+%28Lesueur%29%2C+and+their+reciprocal+F1+hybrids+fed+25%25+and+45%25+protein+diets&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+B+G%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BWise%2C+D+J%3BLi%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture+Research&rft.issn=1355557X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Biochemical composition; Heterosis; Hybrid culture; Nutritional requirements; Proteins; Disease resistance; Nutrition; Food conversion; Fish culture; fish culture; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus furcatus; Ictalurus punctatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of super(14)C-most-probable-number technique to enumerate atrazine-degrading microorganisms in soil AN - 16474920; 4347520 AB - The size and activity of atrazine-degrading populations are among the factors controlling atrazine persistence in soil Populations of atrazine-degrading microorganisms in surface and subsurface soils were enumerated by the super(14)C-most-probable-number ( super(14)C-MPN) technique using [ super(14)C-ethyl]-atrazine or [U- super(14)C-ring]-atrazine in C- or N-limited media. The [ super(14)C-ethyl] atrazine served as a potential carbon source for a larger number of microorganisms than [U- super(14)C-ring]-atrazine. Populations of atrazine-degrading microorganisms using [ super(14)C-ethyl]-atrazine as a carbon source ranged from 4670 to 31,930 cells g super(-1) of surface soil, but were 1050 cells g super(-1) in a subsurface sediment. The size of these [ super(14)C- ethyl]-atrazine-degrading microbial populations were positively correlated (r super(2) = 0.81) to mineralization of [ super(14)C-ethyl]-atrazine added to soil, which suggests that atrazine-degrading populations may serve as an indicator of atrazine persistence in the soil environment. Populations degrading [U- super(14)C-ring]-atrazine ranged from 130 to 1630 cells g super(-1) soil in C-limited media and from 19 to 10,530 cells g super(-1) soil in N-limited media. Population size and mineralization activity were generally increased by the frequency of atrazine use, suggesting that long-term exposure encourages microbial adaptation and growth. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Jayachandran, K AU - Stolpe, N B AU - Moorman, T B AU - Shea, P J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 523 EP - 529 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Application+of+super%2814%29C-most-probable-number+technique+to+enumerate+atrazine-degrading+microorganisms+in+soil&rft.au=Jayachandran%2C+K%3BStolpe%2C+N+B%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BShea%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Jayachandran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity of Cry1 Endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis for Four Tree Fruit Leafroller Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 16468175; 4336150 AB - Nine formulated preparations of Cry1 endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were bioassayed against four tree fruit pest species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Argyrotaenia citrana, Choristoneura rosaceana, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott, and Platynota stultana. Larvae were fed surfaced-treated artificial diet in the laboratory and direct mortality was scored after 5 and 12 d. The LC sub(50)s within species varied as much as 200-fold across preparations. Estimates of LC sub(50)s were improved in the 12-d versus the 5-d assay for many of the endotoxins. The LC sub(50)s to the Cry1A and Cry1E(a) endotoxins were significantly lower across all four species compared with Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E(b), and Cry1F endotoxins. Larval developmental time and pupal weights of surviving P. pyrusana were significantly affected in bioassays with two rates (0.01 and 0.001% stock solution) of each endotoxin. Larval development was delayed and pupal weight was significantly lower for both sexes at the higher rate compared with the lower rate of each endotoxin. The sex ratio of survivors for each endotoxin/rate tested was not correlated with larval survivorship. JF - Journal of Agricultural Entomology AU - Knight, AL AU - Lacey, LA AU - Stockhoff, BA AU - Warner, R L AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 93 EP - 103 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0735-939X, 0735-939X KW - Cry1 protein KW - CryI toxin KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16468175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Entomology&rft.atitle=Activity+of+Cry1+Endotoxins+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+for+Four+Tree+Fruit+Leafroller+Pest+Species+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Knight%2C+AL%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BStockhoff%2C+BA%3BWarner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Entomology&rft.issn=0735939X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xylooligosaccharide utilization by the ruminal anaerobic bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium AN - 16460327; 4358071 AB - Fermentation of xylooligosaccharides by 11 strains of Selenomonas ruminantium was examined. Xylooligosaccharides were prepared by the partial hydrolysis of oat spelt xylan in dilute phosphoric acid (50 mM, 121 degree C, 15 min) and were added to a complex, yeast extract-Trypticase-containing medium. Strains of S. ruminantium varied considerably in their capacity to ferment xylooligosaccharides. Strains GA192, GA31, H18, and D used arabinose, xylose, and the oligosaccharides xylobiose through xylopentaose, as well as considerable quantities of larger, unidentified oligosaccharides. Other strains of S. ruminantium (HD4, HD1, 20-21a, H6a, W-21, S23, 5-1) were able to use only the simple sugars present in the substrate mixture. The ability of S. ruminantium strains to utilize xylooligosaccharides was correlated with the presence of xylosidase and arabinosidase activities. Both enzyme activities were induced by growth on xylooligosaccharides, but no activity was detected in glucose- or arabinose-grown cultures. Xylooligosaccharide-fermenting strains of S. ruminantium exhibited considerable variation in substrate utilization patterns, and the assimilation of individual carbohydrate species also appeared to be regulated. Lactic, acetic, and propionic acids were the major fermentation end products detected. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 183 EP - 189 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Xylooligosaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16460327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Xylooligosaccharide+utilization+by+the+ruminal+anaerobic+bacterium+Selenomonas+ruminantium&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeabilization of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with ethanol AN - 16456945; 4358074 AB - Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cultures were treated with ethanol and tested for viability and beta -galactosidase activity. Exposure of the biomass of test cultures to 30%-55% ethanol (vol/vol) caused a 100% loss of viability and up to 15-fold increase in measurable beta -galactosidase activity in both streptococci and lactobacilli. Ethanol-treated cell suspensions could be stored for up to 6 months without loss of enzyme activity. The nonviable permeabilized biomass of the more active S. thermophilus was used to achieve up to 80% hydrolysis of lactose in aqueous solutions and non-fat milk. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Dominiecki, ME AU - Steinberg, D H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 202 EP - 206 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - lactose KW - permeability KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02803:Antiseptics and disinfectants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16456945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Permeabilization+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus+and+Lactobacillus+delbrueckii+subsp.+bulgaricus+with+ethanol&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BDominiecki%2C+ME%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer model for simulating almond moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) population dynamics AN - 16442914; 4339813 AB - We developed a computer model for simulating the population dynamics of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). The model incorporates previously published life history data for the almond moth developing on stored peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., including stage-specific immature developmental time and survival and adult longevity and fecundity. The model was modified so that it also could be used to simulate almond moth population dynamics on stored, dried citrus pulp and stored corn (Zea mays L.). We tested the validity of the model by using 4 previously published data sets. The model was useful for interpreting population dynamics observed in the previously published studies and will be useful for optimizing management strategies for the almond moth. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Throne, JE AU - Hagstrum, D W AU - Nawrot, J AD - Grain Marketing and Prod. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 344 EP - 354 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - models KW - population dynamics KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16442914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Computer+model+for+simulating+almond+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+population+dynamics&rft.au=Throne%2C+JE%3BHagstrum%2C+D+W%3BNawrot%2C+J&rft.aulast=Throne&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coaxial multiplexer for time domain reflectometry measurement of soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity AN - 16440644; 4336369 AB - Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is increasingly used for measurement of soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity in agricultural, hydrological, environmental and infrastructure research and development. The TDR technique uses reflections (wave forms), from a probe buried in the soil, of a fast rise time voltage step. The advent of automatic systems for collecting many TDR wave forms has brought the need for a multiplexer to connect the probes to a TDR instrument without introducing distortion of the wave form. A 16-channel (1P16T), 50 Omega coaxial multiplexer was developed to switch the TDR signal. Control is by synchronous serial addressing using three lines capable of producing TTL level signals similar to those from the parallel port of a personal computer. The multiplexer has 16 jumper selectable addresses. Testing on five multiplexers showed that quiescent power consumption was 6 mA at 12 VDC, peak power consumption was 101 mA, and average power consumption during switching was 54 mA. Wave form placement on a cable tester screen was not affected by the multiplexer channel used. The standard deviation (SD) of horizontal placement was 0.012 ns which compares favorably to the 15.6 ns full screen width of the wave form (five multiplexers by 16 channels each = 80 measurements; 30 cm probe length). Multiplexer channel also had negligible effect on computed travel times of the TDR pulse in a water content probe. The SD of 0.011 ns for a mean travel time of 8.68 ns was only slightly larger than the SD of 0.007 ns obtained when 80 wave forms were captured using the first channel of one multiplexer. Corresponding SD values for water content were 0.0006 and 0.0004 m super(3) m super(-3), respectively. The multiplexer used and the multiplexer channel had no important effect on the wave form voltage levels needed for determination of bulk electrical conductivity (BEC). The ratio of final voltage to incident voltage, which is directly proportional to conductivity, had a SD of 0.0002 when measured 80 times on channel one of one multiplexer and a SD of 0.0006 when measured once on each of the 16 channels of five multiplexers. Compared with a TDR probe connected directly to the cable tester, adding one multiplexer in series caused no change in travel time or water content, while adding two multiplexers in series caused a change in water content of 0.003 m super(3) m super(-3). As each multiplexer was added to the system the voltage ratio increased by 2% in a reproducible and expected way that can be included in system calibration for BEC measurements. The multiplexer developed is reliable and accurate for measurements of soil volumetric water content and bulk electrical conductivity. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Evett AD - Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, 2300 Experiment Station Road, Bushland, TX 79012, USA, srevett@ag.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 361 EP - 370 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - coaxial multiplexer KW - time domain reflectometry KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Coaxial+multiplexer+for+time+domain+reflectometry+measurement+of+soil+water+content+and+bulk+electrical+conductivity&rft.au=Evett&rft.aulast=Evett&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of erosion control techniques on forest roads AN - 16437780; 4336371 AB - The cutslope and fillslope on a newly constructed forest road on the Talladega National Forest near Heflin, Alabama were treated with three erosion control techniques: wood excelsior erosion mat, native grass species, and exotic grass species. Bare soil plots were used as the experimental controls. Total sediment yield was measured during the period 21 September 1995 to 18 March 1996. A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate treatment methods on the basis of sediment yield and runoff volume. No significant difference in sediment yield was found from the fillslope among the treatments. However, on the cutslope significant differences were detected among all treatments. The erosion mat treatment was most effective in mitigating erosion losses with a 98% reduction in cutslope sediment yield and 88% reduction in fillslope sediment yield. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Grace, JM III AU - Rummer, B AU - Stokes, B J AU - Wilhoit, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Devall Drive. Auburn, AL 36849, USA, grace@usfs.auburn.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 383 EP - 392 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Alabama, Talladega National Forest KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16437780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+erosion+control+techniques+on+forest+roads&rft.au=Grace%2C+JM+III%3BRummer%2C+B%3BStokes%2C+B+J%3BWilhoit%2C+J&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influencing European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) aggregation sites in small grain crops AN - 16435116; 4339237 AB - Reliable methods to attract European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), adults to small grain crops could be used to aggregate moths into small well-defined areas for control purposes or could be used in a resistance management program for delaying potential O. nubilalis resistance to transgenic corn. The objective of this research was to determine whether small-grain crops could be managed to influence O. nubilalis aggregation behavior. In farmer-managed oat, Avena sativa (L.), fields, more O. nubilalis adults were attracted to high-density patches of oat compared with standard patches of oat; no difference was found between patches of high-density oat and brome, Bromus spp. Numbers of O. nubilalis moths found in 6 barley, Hordeum vulgare (L.), and legume treatments (1995), and 4 oat /legume treatments (1996) were significantly different. The highest number of O. nubilalis adults were observed in barley planted with alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L.), followed by barley planted with crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum (L.), barley planted with berseem, Trifolium alexandrinum (L.), barley planted with black medic, Medicago lupulina (L.), barley alone, and barley planted with lespedeza, Lespedeza stipulacea (Maximowicz). Double-planted oat attracted the highest number of O. nubilalis adults followed by oat planted with crimson clover, oat planted with alfalfa, and single-planted oat. Each study suggests that there is a positive correlation between moth aggregation and canopy area. Suggestions are made that timing canopy closure of a small-grain crop with peak O. nubilalis flight should maximize O. nubilalis aggregation and should thereby increase the efficacy of any control measures. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hellmich, R L AU - Pingel, R L AU - Hansen, W R AD - Corn Insects and Crop Genet. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Genet. Lab., c/o Insectary, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 253 EP - 259 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - aggregation behavior KW - control programs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16435116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influencing+European+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Crambidae%29+aggregation+sites+in+small+grain+crops&rft.au=Hellmich%2C+R+L%3BPingel%2C+R+L%3BHansen%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Hellmich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Threatened fishes of the world: Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni Evermann, 1908 (Salmonidae) AN - 16431858; 4333623 JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Nielsen, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Department of Biological Sciences, Oceanview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950-3094, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 376 VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Rainbow trout KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16431858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Threatened+fishes+of+the+world%3A+Oncorhynchus+mykiss+nelsoni+Evermann%2C+1908+%28Salmonidae%29&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth dynamics of root and shoot hydraulic conductance in seedlings of five neotropical tree species: Scaling to show possible adaptation to differing light regimes AN - 16430825; 4332251 AB - The dynamics of growth (shoot and root dry weights, surface areas, hydraulic conductances, and root length) were measured in seedlings of five neotropical tree species aged 4-16 months. The species studied included two light-demanding pioneers (Miconia argentea and Apeiba membranacea) and three shade-tolerant young- or old-forest species (Pouteria reticulata, Gustavia superba, and Trichilia tuberculata). Growth analysis revealed that shoot and root dry weights and hydraulic conductances and leaf area all increased exponentially with time. Alternative methods of scaling measured parameters to reveal differences that might explain adaptations to microsites are discussed. Scaling root conductance to root surface area or root length revealed a few species differences but nothing that correlated with adaptation to light regimes. Scaling of root surface area or root length to root dry weight revealed that pioneers produced significantly more root area and length per gram dry weight investment than shade-tolerant species. Scaling of root and shoot hydraulic conductances to leaf area and scaling of root conductance to root dry weight and shoot conductance to shoot dry weight also revealed that pioneers were significantly more conductive to water than shade-tolerant species. The advantages of scaling hydraulic parameters to leaf surface area are discussed in terms of the Ohm's law analogue of water flow in plants. JF - Oecologia AU - Tyree, M T AU - Velez, V AU - Dalling, J W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Aiken Forest. Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 968, South Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 293 EP - 298 VL - 114 IS - 3 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - conductance KW - growth KW - light KW - roots KW - seedlings KW - shoots KW - trees KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16430825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Growth+dynamics+of+root+and+shoot+hydraulic+conductance+in+seedlings+of+five+neotropical+tree+species%3A+Scaling+to+show+possible+adaptation+to+differing+light+regimes&rft.au=Tyree%2C+M+T%3BVelez%2C+V%3BDalling%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RZWQM simulations of water and nitrate movement in a manured tall fescue field AN - 16418618; 4324916 AB - Disposal of animal waste on agricultural lands has been a widely used practice. The mechanisms and processes controlling the fate of manure in agricultural systems have not been fully understood, however. In this study, the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was used to simulate water and nitrate movement in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) field after broiler litter applications. The simulations were evaluated against experimental results from a well established tall fescue field in Fayetteville, Arkansas, which had not received any fertilizer or manure for several years before the experiment. Broiler litter was applied at 8.96 Mg/ha twice a year in the Spring and Fall. Tall fescue yield, soil nitrate-N, soil temperature, soil water content, and soil water pressure head were measured during the 2-year period. Generally, the model provided adequate predictions of soil temperature, soil water content, and soil water pressure head at various soil depths. It also predicted adequately the responses of soil profile (90 cm) nitrate-N to broiler litter applications. However, the model overpredicted nitrate concentration in water samples collected at 200-cm soil depth with suction lysimeters. This trend could be attributed to the effects of a fragipan at 80 to 114-cm soil depth on preferential transport of water and nitrate that was not considered in the model. It is also plausible that water samples frown suction lysimeters did not represent referential transport of nitrate in the field. JF - Soil Science AU - Ma, Liwang AU - Scott, H D AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Ahuja, L R AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, ahuja@gpsr.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 259 EP - 270 VL - 163 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - RZWQM KW - USA, Arkansas, Fayetteville KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16418618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=RZWQM+simulations+of+water+and+nitrate+movement+in+a+manured+tall+fescue+field&rft.au=Ma%2C+Liwang%3BScott%2C+H+D%3BShaffer%2C+MJ%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Liwang&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection for resistance and tolerance to oat mosaic virus and oat golden stripe virus in hexaploid oats AN - 16396386; 4311553 AB - Coker 716, a hexaploid oat cultivar resistant to both oat mosaic virus (OMV) and oat golden stripe virus (OGSV) was crossed to three susceptible cultivars (Brooks, Madison, and Tech) to form three individual populations. Individual breeding lines were derived from each cross in the F sub(2) generation and tested in plots consisting of equally spaced individual hills in OMV- and OGSV-infested soils and non-infested soils to evaluate resistance and yield loss of individual lines. Foliar symptoms, harvest index, and yield loss were examined as selection criteria for resistant genotypes. The study was conducted over 2 years at two North Carolina locations that differed in soil type and climate. Multiple regression models describing yield loss in each cross due to rating, year, and location were calculated. Coefficients of multiple determination in these models ranged from 0.39 to 0.51. Yield loss ranged from 39 to 60% among different crosses. Infection by OMV and OGSV accounted for the majority of yield loss in two of the populations. Disease severity varied widely over years and locations. The results suggest that selection of lines with symptomatic tissue of 10% or less, or selection of tolerant lines, is needed for breeding progress. JF - Plant Disease AU - Walker, S L AU - Leath, S AU - Murphy, J P AU - Lommel, SA AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA, steven_leath@ncsu.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 423 EP - 427 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Selection+for+resistance+and+tolerance+to+oat+mosaic+virus+and+oat+golden+stripe+virus+in+hexaploid+oats&rft.au=Walker%2C+S+L%3BLeath%2C+S%3BMurphy%2C+J+P%3BLommel%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a severe strain of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus seedborne in cowpea AN - 16392785; 4311552 AB - A new seedborne strain of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) that induces severe symptoms on many cowpea genotypes was detected in Georgia in 1994. This strain, designated CMV-Csb, is asymptomatic on tobacco, but it produces more severe cowpea stunt symptoms when present in combination with blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus than do the more prevalent CMV isolates. The new strain is seedborne in cowpea (1.5 to 37%), has no associated satellite RNA, and is classified as a member of subgroup I of CMV strains based on nucleic acid hybridization assays. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, AG Jr AU - Hajimorad, M R AU - Ghabrial, SA AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 419 EP - 422 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16392785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+severe+strain+of+cucumber+mosaic+cucumovirus+seedborne+in+cowpea&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+AG+Jr%3BHajimorad%2C+M+R%3BGhabrial%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic control of plant development AN - 16359303; 4315317 AB - Recently, several genes have been cloned that affect plant architecture: CLAVATA1, which controls the balance between maintenance and organogenesis in the meristem; CUC2, which separates organ primordia in the meristem; and teosinte branched 1 and cycloidea, which use growth suppression to cause morphological change. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - McSteen, P AU - Hake, S AD - USDA-ARS/UC Berkeley Plant Gene Expression Center, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710, USA, pmcsteen@nature.berkeley.edu Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 189 EP - 195 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - CLAVATA1 gene KW - CUC2 gene KW - cycloidea gene KW - development KW - teosinte branched 1 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - G 07250:Developmental genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Genetic+control+of+plant+development&rft.au=McSteen%2C+P%3BHake%2C+S&rft.aulast=McSteen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine sorption in field-moist soils: Supercritical carbon dioxide density effects AN - 16288135; 4290704 AB - Supercritical carbon dioxide (SF-CO sub(2)) has been recently introduced for use in determining sorption coefficients of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in field-moist soils. In this study we determined the effects of SF-CO sub(2) density modification on atrazine-soil sorption coefficients. As the density of SF-CO sub(2) increased, the SF-CO sub(2) soil/water partition coefficient (K sub(d)) decreased. K sub(d) values for the first desorption equilibration (K sub(d)D1) obtained with the SF-CO sub(2) technique at an SF-CO sub(2) density of 0.25 g mL super(-1) were linearly related to soil organic carbon content, clay content, and batch Freundlich coefficients (K sub(f) values). The log of K sub(d) for each soil was linearly related to the log of the SF-CO sub(2) density for densities 0.25 through 0.45 g mL super(-1). The SF-CO sub(2) Kd value predicted using the batch K sub(f)/SF-CO sub(2) K sub(d) relationship obtained in this study, and an experimental batch K sub(f) value for a Minnesota (USA) soil from the literature, was consistent with the SF-CO sub(2) K sub(d) values predicted using organic carbon and clay content relationships obtained from this study. JF - Chemosphere AU - Rochette, E A AU - Koskinen, W C AD - USDA/ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res., 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1825 EP - 1839 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16288135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Atrazine+sorption+in+field-moist+soils%3A+Supercritical+carbon+dioxide+density+effects&rft.au=Rochette%2C+E+A%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Rochette&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involvement of two aspartate residues of Rubisco activase in coordination of the ATP gamma-phosphate and subunit cooperativity. AN - 79762594; 9521782 AB - Aspartate residues are involved in coordination of the nucleotide-metal of several nucleotide triphosphatases. To examine interactions between Rubisco activase and ATP, site-directed mutations were made at two species-invariant aspartate residues, D174 and D231. In the absence of the magnesium cofactor, the mutant proteins D231R, D174Q, and D174A, but not D174E, bound ATP with higher affinity than did wild-type. In the presence of Mg2+, the affinity for ATP of D231R was further increased, but was reduced with mutations at D174. Although all mutants bound ATP, only D174E aggregated in response to ATP/Mg2+ and retained partial ATPase and Rubisco activation activities. In mixing experiments, the catalytically competent D174E stimulated wild-type ATPase activity, whereas the mutants lacking ATPase activity were inhibitory to wild-type enzyme and prevented aggregation. These results are consistent with a mechanism for activase that involves ATP-binding, subunit aggregation and ATP hydrolysis as sequential steps in the catalytic mechanism. The results also indicated that precise coordination of the gamma-phosphate is required for aggregation and depends on D174 and D231. To account for the pronounced cooperativity of Rubisco activase subunits, we suggest that coordination of the ATP gamma-phosphate may involve participation of residues from adjacent subunits. JF - Biochemistry AU - van de Loo, F J AU - Salvucci, M E AD - Agricultural Research Service, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85040-8830, USA. F.vandeLoo@pi.csiro.au Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 4621 EP - 4625 VL - 37 IS - 13 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - rca protein, plant KW - Aspartic Acid KW - 30KYC7MIAI KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Magnesium -- metabolism KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Hydrolysis KW - Catalysis KW - Aspartic Acid -- metabolism KW - Plant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspartic Acid -- genetics KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79762594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Involvement+of+two+aspartate+residues+of+Rubisco+activase+in+coordination+of+the+ATP+gamma-phosphate+and+subunit+cooperativity.&rft.au=van+de+Loo%2C+F+J%3BSalvucci%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=van+de+Loo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=4621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem management: expanding the resource management 'tool kit' AN - 16483305; 4347688 AB - Ecosystem management can be thought of as the minimum set of tools a land manager should have available in attempting to define sustainable alternatives for the interactions of people and the environment. It is a term that specifically refers to a process or set of activities for addressing resource management, not a prescribed outcome. As a pre-decisional process, ecosystem management amends and expands the resource management tool kit that field-level professionals rely on to understand and manage lands and resources in an ecological context. The focus of this paper is to highlight the activities in the ecosystem management 'tool kit' that are common for many agencies and organizations. Natural resources exist within certain limits and capacities. Humans are faced with difficult choices in determining how they will interact with the environment to provide for essential materials and services and maintain a healthy environment. The approach does not necessarily make hard choices any easier. The ecosystem management tool kit does support making difficult choices in the most informed and professional manner possible. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Sexton, W T AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA, bill.sexton/wo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 103 EP - 112 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16483305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+management%3A+expanding+the+resource+management+%27tool+kit%27&rft.au=Sexton%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Sexton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An adaptive approach to planning and decision-making AN - 16478324; 4347686 AB - A formal process of adaptive management will be required to maximize the benefits of any option for land and natural resource management and to achieve long-term objectives through implementation of ecosystem management. The process itself is straightforward and simple: new information is identified, evaluated, and a determination is made whether to adjust strategy or goals. While relatively straightforward, applying the concept of adaptive management to complex management strategies requires answers to several critical questions. What new information should compel an adjustment to the management strategy? What threshold should trigger this adjustment? Who decides when and how to make adjustments? What are the definitions and thresholds of acceptable results? Adaptive ecosystem management depends on a continually evolving understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in both biological and social systems. Planning for and adapting to surprise will provide an actionary rather than a reactionary basis for more informed decisions. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Lessard, G AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA, gene.lessard/wo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 81 EP - 87 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16478324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=An+adaptive+approach+to+planning+and+decision-making&rft.au=Lessard%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lessard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing ecosystem management: using multiple boundaries for organizing information AN - 16477951; 4347695 AB - Implementing ecosystem management requires learning to work with multiple factors, at multiple scales, using multiple boundaries and borders for organizing information. Traditional approaches often oversimplified information collection and analyses by relying on a limited set of classifications and information constructs. Experience has consistently shown that attempting to constrain analyses and assessments to one or a few organizing systems and related boundaries results in less than satisfactory information to support an ecological approach. Debates over which boundaries or borders are best and should therefore be the organizing device for ecosystem management are not useful or constructive. A more useful question is which set ecological approaches and their related boundaries provide the best information to address the resource issues at a particular time and place. Multiple boundaries, scales and factors increase the complexity of ecosystem management, but also represent an essential component for improved understanding of the sustainable management of lands and resources. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Sexton, W T AU - Szaro, R C AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA, bill.sexton/wo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16477951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=The+use+of+fertilizer+and+its+environmental+consequences&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.issn=0958305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Healthy ecosystems and sustainable economies: the federal interagency ecosystem management initiative AN - 16477929; 4347685 AB - This article provides an overview of the process used by about 20 agencies of the United States federal government to review federal efforts to adopt an ecosystem approach and to recommend ways to strengthen this approach. The method utilized by these agencies was to form a Working Group representing each agency and to select seven case study sites where federal agencies were already working together to coordinate their efforts across an ecosystem. Based upon the results of the case studies and discussions with people involved in other ecosystem efforts, the Working Group identified key issues that need to be considered in order to strengthen this approach. Five issue groups were formed to further refine these issues and to make recommendations for effectively dealing with them. This paper provides brief descriptions of the case study sites, reviews the key issues and presents highlights of recommendations. It is the work of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of their respective federal agencies or of the Interagency Ecosystem Management Task Force. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Stein, S M AU - Gelburd, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA, sstein/wo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 73 EP - 80 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16477929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+modular+soil+and+root+process+simulator&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D+J%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of fish, wildlife and plant research in ecosystem management AN - 16477866; 4347691 AB - This paper examines the concepts of ecology, ecosystems, and ecosystem management and then further examines the role of fish, wildlife, and plant ecology research in ecosystem management, past, present, and future. It is often assumed that research in support of ecosystem management will entail comprehensive studies of entire ecosystems whereas research programs that focus on one species do not constitute ecosystem management level research. The supposed dichotomy between single species and ecosystem level approaches has been the focus of considerable debate. However, this is a false dichotomy and ecosystem studies and single-species studies simply represent two ends of a spectrum of approaches for understanding ecological processes. Given that the level of scientific investigation (e.g., individual species, community, or ecosystem) does not differentiate ecosystem management research from more traditional approaches, what are the distinguishing features? Ecosystem management research is broader in scope than more traditional ecological studies. A greater emphasis is also placed on integrating results of various studies and programs to understand larger scale interactions and the structure and function of ecosystems. Model building also plays a greater role in ecosystem management research efforts as a means of not only understanding ecosystem processes but also as a means of generating hypotheses. Although the primary responsibilities of research and management are different, there is much room for interaction and integration of functions. Consequently, adaptive management has become an important part of ecosystem management and will likely become a larger part of basic research programs. However, adaptive management experiments should not be the endpoint. Instead, results from adaptive management studies should be used to generate hypotheses that can be tested with more traditional and rigorous scientific methods. As managers begin to deal at larger spatial and longer temporal scales changes in the end-products of research will be necessary. The task of assessing present as well as future conditions will greatly increase the need for user-friendly analytical tools (e.g., simulation models) that allow managers to visualize conditions on a large scale. A balance of adaptive management and traditional experimental designs will ultimately lead to better models of management. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Loeb, S C AU - Lennartz, M R AU - Szaro, R C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA, sloeb@clemson.edu Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 131 EP - 139 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16477866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=The+role+of+fish%2C+wildlife+and+plant+research+in+ecosystem+management&rft.au=Loeb%2C+S+C%3BLennartz%2C+M+R%3BSzaro%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing ecosystem management: a framework for remotely sensed information at multiple scales AN - 16476803; 4347696 AB - Many of the common 'tools' for developing information and implementing activities for ecosystem management are based on a multi-scale framework. This paper highlights the major elements of scale and level associated with an ecosystem management approach from two differing perspectives. The first summarizes a general framework for concepts recognizing multiple scales in four specific dimensions: biological, temporal, social and spatial. The second summarizes a current partnership among several US Government agencies to utilize remote sensing technologies as a common basis for the development of certain types of scale-dependent information for ecosystem management. Scale and level in ecological contexts are recognized as continuous variables, highly related to the landscapes, features and relationships of a particular situation, as well as the specific interests of the observer. An initial simplification of scale, as related to remotely sensed data, to support the continuing evolution of ecosystem management is a necessary step in developing common understanding and information across large areas. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Sexton, W T AU - Dull, C W AU - Szaro, R C AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA, bill.sexton/wo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 173 EP - 184 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16476803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Implementing+ecosystem+management%3A+a+framework+for+remotely+sensed+information+at+multiple+scales&rft.au=Sexton%2C+W+T%3BDull%2C+C+W%3BSzaro%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Sexton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The emergence of ecosystem management as a tool for meeting people's needs and sustaining ecosystems AN - 16474970; 4347679 AB - Ecosystem management is an approach that attempts to involve all stakeholders in defining sustainable alternatives for the interactions of people and the environments in which they live. Its goal is to restore and sustain the health, productivity, and biodiversity of ecosystems and the overall quality of life through a natural resource management approach that is fully integrated with social and economic needs. For practical purposes, ecosystem management is generally synonymous with sustainable development, sustainable management, sustainable forestry and a number of other terms being used to identify an ecological approach to land and resource management. Ecosystem management emphasizes place- or region-based objectives, with scopes and approaches defined appropriately for each given situation. Because natural ecosystems typically cross administrative and jurisdictional boundaries, managing them requires interactions among different stakeholders and institutions. Ecosystem management remains an evolving force that must yet respond and adapt to numerous challenges. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Szaro, R C AU - Sexton, W T AU - Malone, C R AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA, szaro@forvie.ac.at Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=The+emergence+of+ecosystem+management+as+a+tool+for+meeting+people%27s+needs+and+sustaining+ecosystems&rft.au=Szaro%2C+R+C%3BSexton%2C+W+T%3BMalone%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Szaro&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoextraction of zinc by oat (Avena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) AN - 16389910; 4307865 AB - The success of phytoremediation hinges on the selection of plant species and soil amendments that maximize contaminant removal. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to be effective in phytoextracting Zn, particularly after the synthetic chelate EDTA has been applied to the soil. However, the effectiveness of grass species for phytoremediation has not been addressed in great detail. A hydroponic screening of 22 grass species indicated that oat (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) tolerated the high Cu, Cd, and Zn concentrations present in the solution and also accumulated elevated concentrations of these metals in the plant shoots. A hydroponic experiment comparing these two grasses to Indian mustard indicated that, although shoot Zn concentrations were greater for indian mustard, the grasses were considerably more tolerant. A pot experiment conducted using a Zn-contaminated soil showed that the addition of EDTA to the soil significantly increased Zn accumulation by B. juncea but not oat or barley. Nevertheless, barley accumulated >2 mg of Zn plant super(-1), 2-4 times more Zn than what was observed in Indian mustard in the presence of EDTA. The results of this experiment suggest that barley has a phytoremediation potential equal to, if not greater than, that for B. juncea. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Kochian, LV AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, lvk1@cornell.edu Y1 - 1998/03/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 15 SP - 802 EP - 806 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Indian mustard KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16389910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Phytoextraction+of+zinc+by+oat+%28Avena+sativa%29%2C+barley+%28Hordeum+vulgare%29%2C+and+Indian+mustard+%28Brassica+juncea%29&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A small-scale procedure for extracting nucleic acids from woody plants infected with various phytopathogens for PCR assay AN - 16206563; 4277254 AB - The complexity of most nucleic acid extraction procedures limits the number of samples that can be easily processed for analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A simple, small-scale procedure was developed which can be carried out entirely in 1.5-ml microfuge tubes whereby the container and contents are frozen with liquid nitrogen, tissue is pulverized, and targeted nucleic acids are extracted. DNA of bacterial and phytoplasmal plant pathogens was extracted in hot CTAB buffer followed by chloroform clarification. Following centrifugation, the DNA in the aqueous fraction was precipitated with isopropanol and resuspended in water. RNA originating from viruses and viroids was extracted from triturated tissue using STE buffer and phenol. The nucleic acid fraction was purified using CF-11 cellulose. All purified preparations were used as PCR or RT-PCR templates to detect DNA or RNA, respectively. These procedures were used to detect Xylella fastidiosa , peach yellow leaf roll peach latent mosaicphytoplasma, sour cherry green ring mottle virus, and peach latent mosaic viroid by agarose gel electrophoresis. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Zhang, Y P AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Kirkpatrick, B C AD - USDA-ARS and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1998/03/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 15 SP - 45 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16206563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Implementing+generic%2C+object-oriented+models+in+biology&rft.au=Sequeira%2C+R+A%3BOlson%2C+R+L%3BMcKinion%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sequeira&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Source, distribution and abundance of macroarthropods on the bark of longleaf pine: potential prey of the red-cockaded woodpecker AN - 16293796; 4231195 AB - Arthropod diversity, abundance and biomass on 50-70-year-old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) tree boles were examined to determine the origin of the prey available to the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and the variability of this prey over time. Traps designed to capture arthropods crawling on the bark (crawl traps), alighting on the bark (flight traps), and crawling on the ground (pitfall traps) were operated continuously for 12 months. Flight and crawl traps were placed at different heights. One-half of the trees with crawl traps were fitted with a barrier to prevent arthropods from crawling up from the ground. Arthropods were identified to genus from one weekly sample per month and subsamples were oven-dried and weighed to estimate biomass. The arthropod community on the bark included over 400 genera. Crawl trap captures were the most similar to the prey of P. borealis. Arthropod fauna captured in crawl traps had a 58% similarity to pitfall trap captures and a 60% similarity with flight trap captures. Flight and pitfall trap captures had a 10% similarity. Barriers to arthropod movement up the tree reduced the arthropod biomass on the bole of the trees by 40-70%. Arthropod biomass was relatively evenly distributed over the tree, but varied seasonally with the highest biomass captured in the fall of the year. In general, the study showed that little of the arthropod biomass on the bark is in the form of arthropods that live exclusively in that habitat and that a large portion of the biomass is crawling up from the soil/litter layer. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hanula, J L AU - Franzreb, K AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Building, 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA Y1 - 1998/03/03/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 03 SP - 89 EP - 102 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Longleaf pine KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - USA, Southeast KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16293796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Source%2C+distribution+and+abundance+of+macroarthropods+on+the+bark+of+longleaf+pine%3A+potential+prey+of+the+red-cockaded+woodpecker&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BFranzreb%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-03-03&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potentials of the National Corn Genome Initiative AN - 16268359; 4252793 AB - The present paper summarizes future needs in information and tools, technology, infrastructure, training, funding, and bioinformatics, to provide the genomic knowledge and tools for breeding and biotechnological goals in maize. The National Corn Genome Initiative (NCGA) has developed through actions taken by the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) and participation in a planning process by institutions, companies, and organizations. At the web address for the NCGI are detailed analyses of goals and costs, impact and value, and strategy and approaches. The NCGI has also produced an informative and perceptive video suitable for public groups or schools, about agricultural contributions to life and the place of maize in these contributions. High potential can be expected, from cross-application of knowledge obtained in maize and other cereals. Development of information and tools for all crops, whether monocots or dicots, will be gained through an initiative, and each crop will be positioned to advance with cost-effective parallels, especially for expressed sequences, markers, and physical mapping. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Coe, E AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211-7020, ed@teosinte.agron.missouri.edu Y1 - 1998/03/03/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 03 SP - 2029 EP - 2032 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - National Corn Genome Initiative KW - National Corn Growers Association KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32080:Bioinformatics and computer applications KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Potentials+of+the+National+Corn+Genome+Initiative&rft.au=Coe%2C+E&rft.aulast=Coe&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-03-03&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somaclonal variation in the progeny of transgenic barley AN - 968176698; 16468337 AB - Somaclonal variation (SCV) in transgenic plants may slow the incorporation of introduced genes into commercially competitive cultivars. Somaclonal variation in transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was assessed in one experiment by comparing the agronomic characteristics of 44 segregating transgenic lines in the T sub(2) generation to their non-transformed parent ('Golden Promise'). A second experiment examined the agronomic characteristics of seven transgenic-derived, null (non-transgenic) segregant lines in the T sub(2) and T sub(4) generations. Compared to their uncultured parent, Golden Promise, most of these lines were shorter, lower yielding, and had smaller seed, and the variability among individual plants was higher. The frequency and severity of the observed SCV was unexpectedly high, and the transformation procedure appeared to induce greater SCV than tissue culture in the absence of transformation. Attempts to understand the sources of SCV, and to modify transformation procedures to reduce the generation of SCV, should be made. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Bregitzer, P AU - Halbert, SE AU - Lemaux, P G AD - USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, P.O. Box 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA, US PY - 1998 SP - 421 EP - 425 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 96 IS - 3-4 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Transformation KW - Seeds KW - Somaclonal variation KW - Progeny KW - Tissue culture KW - Transgenic plants KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968176698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Somaclonal+variation+in+the+progeny+of+transgenic+barley&rft.au=Bregitzer%2C+P%3BHalbert%2C+SE%3BLemaux%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Bregitzer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001220050758 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Seeds; Somaclonal variation; Progeny; Tissue culture; Transgenic plants; Hordeum vulgare DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050758 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study of xylanase kinetics using dinitrosalicylic, arsenomolybdate, and ion chromatographic assays AN - 954576100; 13859180 AB - Xylanases are commonly assayed by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) or the arsenomolybdate (ARS) method. However, specific activities are many times higher with DNS than with ARS. This is because the DNS assay is more reactive and the ARS assay is less reactive with xylooligosaccharides than with xylose. Xylose is often used as a standard, even though oligosaccharides are prevalent, so the DNS method overestimates and the ARS method underestimates specific activity. Ion chromatography, with pulsed amperometric detection, separates and measures all products and intermediates, but quantitation on a molar basis is difficult, because few xylooligosaccharide response factors are known. This report directly compares these three assay methods for the assay of xylanase activities. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Jeffries, Thomas W AU - Yang, Vina W AU - Davis, Mark W AD - USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 53705, Madison, Wl Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 257 EP - 265 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xylose KW - oligosaccharides KW - Xylan endo-1,3-b-xylosidase KW - Chromatography KW - Kinetics KW - Quantitation KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954576100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparative+study+of+xylanase+kinetics+using+dinitrosalicylic%2C+arsenomolybdate%2C+and+ion+chromatographic+assays&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Thomas+W%3BYang%2C+Vina+W%3BDavis%2C+Mark+W&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920142 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oligosaccharides; Xylose; Xylan endo-1,3-b-xylosidase; Chromatography; Kinetics; Quantitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920142 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of CCA from treated wood by oxalic acid extraction, steam explosion, and bacterial fermentation AN - 920787414; 13777748 AB - Most preservative-treated wood produced and consumed in the United States is treated with toxic inorganic compounds containing copper, chromium, and arsenic. Because chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is fixed to the wood, CCA-treated wood has not been considered toxic or hazardous and it is currently disposed of in approved landfills. Growing public concern about environmental contamination from treated wood combined with the removal of greater quantities of CCA-treated wood from service have presented a disposal challenge for this fiber source. In this study, CCA-treated wood was processed by acid extraction, steam explosion, and bacterial fermentation and evaluated for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic. Copper was the easiest to remove by these treatments and chromium the most resistant to removal. Exposing CCA-treated wood to steady-state bacterial growth by continuous culture with Bacillus licheniformis CC01 did not enhance removal of CCA components compared to standard mixed culture when acid extraction preceded bacterial fermentation. Nor did steam explosion, alone or in conjunction with acid extraction and bacterial fermentation, enhance removal of CCA components; the chromium and arsenic components resisted removal. Grinding CCA-treated wood chips into 20-mesh sawdust provided greater access to and removal of CCA components by all processes. However, grinding the chips was unnecessary if they were treated with acid prior to bacterial fermentation. Extraction with oxalic acid as a precursor to bacterial fermentation with B. licheniformis CC01 removed 90% copper (CuO), 80% chromium (CrO sub(3)), and 100% arsenic (As sub(2)O sub(5)) from treated chips. The combination of acid extraction and bacterial fermentation removed 80-100% of these metals from CCA-treated wood. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Clausen, C A AU - Smith, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA, US Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 251 EP - 257 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 20 IS - 3-4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Arsenic KW - Contamination KW - Chromium KW - Mixed culture KW - Heavy metals KW - Landfills KW - Fermentation KW - Steam KW - Copper KW - Sawdust KW - Fibers KW - Continuous culture KW - Bacillus licheniformis KW - Oxalic acid KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920787414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Removal+of+CCA+from+treated+wood+by+oxalic+acid+extraction%2C+steam+explosion%2C+and+bacterial+fermentation&rft.au=Clausen%2C+C+A%3BSmith%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900516 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Inorganic compounds; Mixed culture; Chromium; Contamination; Fermentation; Landfills; Heavy metals; Steam; Copper; Sawdust; Fibers; Continuous culture; Oxalic acid; Bacillus licheniformis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and viability of mycelial fragments of white-rot fungi on some hydrogels AN - 876223205; 14295538 AB - The viability of mycelial fragments of Trametes versicolor and Irpex lacteus and their growth on selected hydrogels are described. The size of mycelial fragments of the fungi did not significantly influence their viability. Alginate hydrogel films supported fungal growth better than agarose, carrageenan, chitosan and gelatin films, and had the highest mechanical strength but were less hydrophilic than the other hydrogels. All commercial alginates that were tested supported aseptic growth of fungal fragments without prior sterilization of the hydrogel solution. The viability of mycelial fragments in the hydrogel solutions was higher for some commercial alginates than that in laboratory grade alginate. The mechanical strength and hydrophilicity of hydrogels from alginate type Sobalg FD 155 and Meer HV were comparable to that of laboratory grade alginate. Sterilization and pH of the alginate hydrogel did not significantly influence the growth of T. versicolor mycelial fragments but affected the growth of I. lacteus. Concentrations of alginate in the range of 1-2% in the hydrogel did not affect the growth of entrapped mycelial fragments of these fungi. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lestan, M AU - Lamar, R T AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA, US Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 244 EP - 250 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 20 IS - 3-4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fungi KW - Trametes versicolor KW - Gelatin KW - Mycelia KW - Irpex lacteus KW - Sterilization KW - hydrogels KW - Alginic acid KW - carrageenans KW - chitosan KW - pH effects KW - Films KW - Mechanical properties KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876223205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+viability+of+mycelial+fragments+of+white-rot+fungi+on+some+hydrogels&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLestan%2C+M%3BLamar%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900517 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carrageenans; Alginic acid; hydrogels; Fungi; Gelatin; chitosan; Mycelia; pH effects; Sterilization; Mechanical properties; Films; Trametes versicolor; Irpex lacteus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900517 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fuel ethanol production from corn fiber current status and technical prospects AN - 807288095; 13859167 AB - Corn fiber, which consists of about 20% starch, 14% cellulose, and 35% hemicellulose, has the potential to serve as a low cost feedstock for production of fuel ethanol. Currently, the use of corn fiber to produce fuel ethanol faces significant technical and economic challenges. Its success depends largely on the development of environmentally friendly pretreatment procedures, highly effective enzyme systems for conversion of pretreated corn fiber to fermentable sugars, and efficient microorganisms to convert multiple sugars to ethanol. Several promising pretreatment and enzymatic processes for conversion of corn fiber cellulose, hemicellulose, and remaining starch to fermentable sugars were evaluated. These hydrolyzates were then examined for ethanol production in bioreactors, using genetically modified bacteria and yeast. Several novel enzymes were also developed for use in pretreated corn fiber saccharification. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Saha, Badal C AU - Dien, Bruce S AU - Bothast, Rodney J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, 61604, Peoria, IL Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 115 EP - 125 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Sugar KW - Fuels KW - Bioreactors KW - Cellulose KW - Economics KW - Microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Starch KW - Ethanol KW - hemicellulose KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807288095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fuel+ethanol+production+from+corn+fiber+current+status+and+technical+prospects&rft.au=Ringer%2C+CE%3BMillner%2C+P+D%3BTeerlinck%2C+L+M%3BLyman%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Ringer&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fibers; Bioreactors; Fuels; Economics; Cellulose; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Starch; hemicellulose; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of chlorophacinone and diphacinone in steam-rolled oat baits and steam-rolled oat/wax baits. AN - 79801755; 9549068 AB - A reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for analysis of steam-rolled oat (SRO) baits fortified with either chlorophacinone or diphacinone. Baits were prepared with and without paraffin wax. Chlorophacinone or diphacinone was extracted from wax-free SRO baits with 5 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate methanolic ion-pairing solution. Wax baits were initially extracted with petroleum ether and then cleaned up by liquid extraction into methanolic ion-pairing solution containing 20% water. SRO extracts were analyzed with reversed-phase ion-pair LC. Chlorophacinone and diphacinone were quantified by UV absorption at 325 nm. Recoveries from SRO fortified with chlorophacinone at 25 and 150 micrograms/g were 90.7 and 90.8%, respectively, whereas for diphacinone at the same levels, recoveries were 93.5 and 92.3%, respectively. Recoveries from wax baits fortified at 25 and 75 micrograms/g chlorophacinone were 98.5 and 100%, respectively, whereas for diphacinone at the same levels, recoveries were 93.6 and 98.0%, respectively. Method limits of detection for chlorophacinone and diphacinone in SRO baits were estimated to be 1.0 and 0.76 micrograms/g, respectively. Method limits of detection for chlorophacinone and diphacinone in wax baits were estimated to be 4.2 and 2.8 micrograms/g, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Primus, T M AU - Griffin, D L AU - Volz, S A AU - Johnston, J J AD - USDA/APHIS/National Wildlife Research Center, Analytical Chemistry Project, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 349 EP - 357 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indans KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Rodenticides KW - Waxes KW - chlorophacinone KW - 34Y6E0063Y KW - diphenadione KW - 54CA01C6JX KW - Phenindione KW - 5M7Y6274ZE KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Indans -- analysis KW - Avena -- chemistry KW - Rodenticides -- analysis KW - Phenindione -- analysis KW - Waxes -- analysis KW - Phenindione -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79801755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Reversed-phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+chlorophacinone+and+diphacinone+in+steam-rolled+oat+baits+and+steam-rolled+oat%2Fwax+baits.&rft.au=Primus%2C+T+M%3BGriffin%2C+D+L%3BVolz%2C+S+A%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Primus&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems for meat and poultry. USDA. AN - 79770157; 9532674 AB - The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) adopted Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems and established finished product standards for Salmonella in slaughter plants to improve food safety for meat and poultry. In order to make significant improvements in food safety, measures must be taken at all points in the farm-to-table chain including production, transportation, slaughter, processing, storage, retail, and food preparation. Since pathogens can be introduced or multiplied anywhere along the continuum, success depends on consideration and comparison of intervention measures throughout the continuum. Food animal and public health veterinarians can create the necessary preventative environment that mitigates risks for food borne pathogen contamination. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Hogue, A T AU - White, P L AU - Heminover, J A AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service, Emerging Pathogens and Zoonotic Diseases Division, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Sanitation KW - Public Health KW - Turkeys KW - Meat-Packing Industry -- standards KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79770157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Pathogen+Reduction+and+Hazard+Analysis+and+Critical+Control+Point+%28HACCP%29+systems+for+meat+and+poultry.+USDA.&rft.au=Hogue%2C+A+T%3BWhite%2C+P+L%3BHeminover%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effect of alkaline, organic acid, or hot water washes on the microbial profile of refrigerated beef contaminated with bacterial pathogens after washing. AN - 73879121; 9708300 AB - The effect of 2% (vol/vol) lactic acid, 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid, 12% (wt/vol) trisodium phosphate, water at 72 degrees C and water at 32 degrees C washes on bacterial populations introduced onto beef carcass surfaces after treatment was determined for up to 21 days at 4 degrees C storage in vacuum packaging. Beef carcass short plates were collected from cattle immediately after slaughter and subjected to the above treatments or left untreated (C). Short plates were then inoculated with low levels (ca. < 2 log10) of Listeria innocua Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sporogenes cells contained in a bovine fecal cocktail. In general, growth of these four bacteria and of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and pseudomonads was suppressed or not observed when lactic acid or acetic acid treatments were used. Bacteria introduced to trisodium phosphate-treated tissue underwent some growth suppression, but to a lesser extent than on acid-treated tissue, and in some cases grew as well as on untreated beef surfaces. Water washes at 72 or 32 degrees C offered little growth suppression of pathogens during subsequent storage when these bacteria were introduced to beef tissue after treatment. The use of a final lactic or acetic acid wash during the processing of beef carcasses offers some residual efficacy in suppressing pathogen proliferation during the refrigerated storage, should these bacteria be introduced immediately after carcass processing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska68933-0166, USA. dorsa@marcvm.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 300 EP - 306 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Phosphates KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Lactic Acid KW - 33X04XA5AT KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - sodium phosphate KW - SE337SVY37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Acetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Phosphates -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Lactic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Food Packaging KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- pharmacology KW - Abattoirs KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73879121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Response+of+Kentucky-31+tall+fescue+to+broiler+litter+and+composts+made+from+broiler+litter&rft.au=Wilkinson&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeameter construction for the Boutwell borehole permeability test AN - 52453372; 1999-053992 JF - Proceedings - Annual Tennessee Water Resources Symposium AU - Hartman, B A AU - Horton, Denise M A2 - Jacks, Susan A2 - Barksdale, Susan A2 - Bean, Lana A2 - Alverson, Melissa A2 - Thomas, Linda Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 1B.19 EP - 1B.24 PB - American Water Resources Association - Tennessee Section, Nashville, TN VL - 8 KW - soils KW - soil mechanics KW - permeameters KW - site exploration KW - cost KW - measurement KW - waste management KW - boreholes KW - classification KW - testing KW - waste disposal KW - permeability KW - instruments KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52453372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Annual+Tennessee+Water+Resources+Symposium&rft.atitle=Permeameter+construction+for+the+Boutwell+borehole+permeability+test&rft.au=Hartman%2C+B+A%3BHorton%2C+Denise+M&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1B.19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Annual+Tennessee+Water+Resources+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eighth annual Tennessee water resources symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - TN N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04758 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boreholes; classification; cost; design; instruments; measurement; permeability; permeameters; site exploration; soil mechanics; soils; testing; waste disposal; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture gradients and controls on a Southern Appalachian hillslope from drought through recharge AN - 50920013; 1999-005660 AB - Soil moisture gradients along hillslopes in humid watersheds, although indicated by vegetation gradients and by studies using models, have been difficult to confirm empirically. While soil properties and topographic features are the two general physiographic factors controlling soil moisture on hillslopes, studies have shown conflicting results regarding which factor is more important. The relative importance of topographic and soil property controls was examined in an upland forested watershed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachian mountains. Soil moisture was measured along a hillslope transect with a mesic-to-xeric forest vegetation gradient over a period spanning precipitation extremes. The hillslope transect was instrumented with a time domain reflectometry (TDR) network at two depths. Soil moisture was measured during a severe autumn drought and subsequent winter precipitation recharge. In the upper soil depth (0-30 cm), moisture gradients persisted throughout the measurement period, and topography exerted dominant control. For the entire root zone (0-90 cm), soil moisture gradients were found only during drought. Control on soil moisture was due to both topography and storage before drought. During and after recharge, variations in soil texture and horizon distribution exerted dominant control on soil moisture content in the root zone (0-90 cm). These results indicate that topographic factors assert more control over hillslope soil moisture during drier periods as drainage progresses, while variations in soil water storage properties are more important during wetter periods. Hillslope soil moisture gradients in southern Appalachian watersheds appear to be restricted to upper soil layers, with deeper hillslope soil moisture gradients occurring only with sufficient drought. JF - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS) AU - Yeakley, J A AU - Swank, W T AU - Swift, L W AU - Hornberger, G M AU - Shugart, H H Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 41 EP - 49 PB - European Geophysical Society, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1027-5606, 1027-5606 KW - networks KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - North America KW - hills KW - moisture KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - watersheds KW - Appalachians KW - effects KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - depth KW - ground water KW - drought KW - recharge KW - topography KW - Southern Appalachians KW - water content KW - soil-water balance KW - seasonal variations KW - time domain reflectometry KW - rain KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50920013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrology+and+Earth+System+Sciences+%28HESS%29&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+gradients+and+controls+on+a+Southern+Appalachian+hillslope+from+drought+through+recharge&rft.au=Yeakley%2C+J+A%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BSwift%2C+L+W%3BHornberger%2C+G+M%3BShugart%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Yeakley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrology+and+Earth+System+Sciences+%28HESS%29&rft.issn=10275606&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/2/41/1998/hess-2-41-1998.pdf http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/volumes_and_issues.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; atmospheric precipitation; depth; drought; effects; electrical methods; forests; geophysical methods; ground water; hills; hydrology; moisture; networks; North America; rain; recharge; seasonal variations; soil-water balance; Southern Appalachians; time domain reflectometry; topography; water content; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mangrove Forests: a Tough System to Invade but an Easy one to Rehabilitate AN - 17405699; 4625690 AB - Mangrove forests are tough ecosystems to invade because few species can tolerate the hydrological and edaphic conditions that prevail in mangrove habitats. The small pantropical mangrove species pool is also the basis for asserting that mangrove forests are easy to rehabilitate, at least in terms of tree species composition. The high complexity of the animal and microbial component of mangrove ecosystems is not addressed in this article. The following questions are useful as a guide for evaluating the invasion of plant species into mangrove habitats: (1) Is the invading species a halophyte? (2) What conditions of the environment is the invading species occupying and how long will those conditions last? (3) What is the geographic location of the invasion, does it penetrate the forest or is it only at the edge? (4) Is the invasion a short-term response to changes in microsite conditions? (5) Is the invasion the result of a long-term shift in the mangrove habitat? JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 427 EP - 430 VL - 37 IS - 8-12 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - invasion KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - ecosystem recovery KW - Tolerance KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Forests KW - Species Composition KW - Evaluation KW - Habitats KW - Exotic Species KW - Ecosystem management KW - Invasions KW - Plant populations KW - Plantae KW - Rehabilitation KW - Habitat KW - Community composition KW - Halophytes KW - Plants KW - Environmental restoration KW - Introduced species KW - Environmental conditions KW - Mangrove Swamps KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Mangrove+Forests%3A+a+Tough+System+to+Invade+but+an+Easy+one+to+Rehabilitate&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8-12&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0025-326X%2898%2900120-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Halophytes; Ecosystems; Mangrove swamps; Ecosystem management; Forests; Environmental conditions; Plant populations; Introduced species; Environment management; ecosystem recovery; Environmental restoration; Invasions; Community composition; Plants; Habitat; Evaluation; Habitats; Tolerance; Rehabilitation; Exotic Species; Trees; Mangrove Swamps; Species Composition; Plantae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00120-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating regional plant biodiversity with GIS modelling AN - 17142134; 4445627 AB - In this study, we analysed a statewide species database together with a county-level geographic information system (GIS) to build a model based on well-surveyed areas to estimate species richness in less surveyed counties. The Illinois Plant Information Network (ILPIN), a species-based database on all the vascular flora of Illinois, contains county distributions (totalling nearly 90,000) for each taxon and information on the taxonomy, ecology, biology, and ecodistribution. We compiled a statewide database with 112 variables on climate, landuse (current and historic), landscape pattern, soils and human population. We used a subset of this database to build a regression model for assessing native plant species richness for thirty-three botanically well-surveyed counties in Illinois. The best model was then used to predict the richness of the remaining sixty-nine less botanically surveyed counties. The model involved GIS (Arc/Info) and statistics (S-PLUS), including spatial statistics (S+SpatialStats). The resultant model had an R super(2) of 0.80 and used the following variables: percentage of the county in cropland, the percentage with soils somewhat limiting for agriculture, the percentage of urban land, and the average size of farms. Although this particular model is not transferable to other locations without validation, the methodology shown here should be useful in estimating species richness patterns across regions where botanical sampling is heterogeneous. JF - Diversity and Distributions AU - Iverson, L R AU - Prasad, A AD - Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, iverson@trees.neusfs4153.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 49 EP - 61 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1366-9516, 1366-9516 KW - USA, Illinois KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Plant communities KW - Biological diversity KW - Geographic information systems KW - Species richness KW - Models KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17142134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diversity+and+Distributions&rft.atitle=Estimating+regional+plant+biodiversity+with+GIS+modelling&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BPrasad%2C+A&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diversity+and+Distributions&rft.issn=13669516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Species richness; Biological diversity; Models; Geographic information systems; Plant communities ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stage-specific inhibition of cotton fiber development by adding alpha -amanitin to ovule cultures AN - 16556093; 4391985 AB - When cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, DPL 90ne) ovules are removed from the carpel on the day of anthesis and placed on an appropriate medium, fiber cells will differentiate in vitro from the ovule epidermis. Alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of poly (A) super(+) RNA synthesis was added to ovule cultures at selected times after culture initiation to determine the timing of events in fiber development. Replicate cultures were initiated from day of anthesis, cotton ovules with alpha -amanitin being added to media at final concentrations ranging from 0.05 mu g/ml to 5.0 mu g/ml. After 21 d in culture, ovules were evaluated for fiber length, percentage of ovules producing fiber, fiber dry weight, and fiber cellulose content. Cultures treated with alpha -amanitin on the day of anthesis to 2 d postanthesis were prevented from forming normal numbers of fiber cells. Addition of alpha -amanitin to cultures between 2 and 10 d postanthesis reduced the length that fiber cells attained in culture after 21 d. Addition of alpha -amanitin to cultures at 4 d postanthesis had as much an effect on the accumulation of cellulose in the fiber cell wall as the later addition of the inhibitor at 8 to 10 d postanthesis. The inhibitory effect of alpha -amanitin on fiber growth was reversible when ovules were transferred to amanitin-free medium within 2 d after culture initiation. Ovules placed on media containing alpha -amanitin for 5 d or longer could not overcome the inhibitory effects when transferred to media lacking the inhibitor. These results indicate critical time periods when RNA transcripts important for specific phases of development are being synthesized. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Triplett, BA AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 27 EP - 33 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - alpha -amanitin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Cotton KW - Cell culture KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Stage-specific+inhibition+of+cotton+fiber+development+by+adding+alpha+-amanitin+to+ovule+cultures&rft.au=Triplett%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Triplett&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Cell culture; Cotton; Fibers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flows in earthen canals and irrigation wells AN - 16551580; 4387460 AB - Irrigation is seen by some as an environmental disaster to the earth. But placed in perspective with what might have been, we should remember that irrigated agriculture grows one-third of the total crop harvested. This irrigated harvest is produced on one-sixth of the world's crop land and is worth one-half of the crop value. Without irrigated agriculture, expansion of cropped land into humid areas would have been needed, and it is doubtful that the rainforests of the world would still exist. Even with this perspective, we have a long way to go to really make irrigation as efficient as it needs to be to continue to outpace the world's population bulge (expected to peak between 10 and 12 billion people) and still protect the environments of the world in a meaningful sense. The measurement of applied irrigation water is one of the major links in efforts to improve irrigation management to achieve this needed efficiency. This article describes a couple of recent developments in flow-rate measurement of irrigation water that helps to make field measurements more convenient and more economical. One development is measuring flows in earthern canals and the other development is flows from irrigation wells. JF - Irrigation Journal AU - Replogle, JA AD - US Water Conservation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA. 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, rseploglesuper(s)wcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 14 EP - 21 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0047-1518, 0047-1518 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Cultivated lands KW - Water management KW - Wells KW - Irrigation KW - Flow rates KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Journal&rft.atitle=Flows+in+earthen+canals+and+irrigation+wells&rft.au=Replogle%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Journal&rft.issn=00471518&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Cultivated lands; Water management; Wells; Irrigation; Flow rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat Relationships of Amphibians and Reptiles in California Oak Woodlands AN - 16547479; 4330691 AB - We used pitfall traps and time-constrained searches to sample amphibians and reptiles and to describe their habitats in oak woodlands at three areas in California. We captured 766 individuals representing 15 species during pitfall trapping and 333 animals representing 15 species during the time-constrained searches. A total of 19 species were sampled. Across all study areas, several positive relationships were found between animal abundance and the cover of specific tree species. At Tejon Ranch, two salamanders - Batrachoseps nigriventris and Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater - were associated with canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis) and two lizards - Sceloporus occidentalis and Eumeces gilberti - were associated with California black oak (Q. kelloggii). At San Joaquin, B. nigriventris was associated with foothill pine (Pinus sabiniana), as was B. attenuatus at Sierra Foothill. Generally, salamanders were found in live oak woodlands on north-facing slopes at Tejon Ranch, or on north-facing woodlands dominated by foothill pine and interior live oak (Q. wislizenii) at Sierra Foothill and San Joaquin. In contrast, lizards used more xeric and open habitats dominated by California black oak, blue oak (Q. douglasii), and valley oak (Q. lobata). As would be expected for terrestrial and fossorial animals, litter depth, the development of grasses and forbs, and cover by downed woody debris and rocks were important in the habitat models. At Sierra Foothill and San Joaquin, these latter variables, in addition to slope, were of primary importance in the habitat models. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Block, WM AU - Morrison, M L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, Arizona, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 51 EP - 60 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Amphibians KW - Bull pine KW - California black oak KW - Canyon live oak KW - Digger pine KW - Gray pine KW - Oaks KW - Pine KW - Reptiles KW - USA, California KW - oak woodlands KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Microhabitats KW - Population density KW - Environmental factors KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Pinus sabiniana KW - Quercus KW - Herpetofauna KW - Species composition KW - Plant populations KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - Ecological associations KW - Habitat preferences KW - Reptilia KW - Amphibia KW - Community composition KW - Quercus chrysolepis KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q1 08322:Geographical distribution KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=Habitat+Relationships+of+Amphibians+and+Reptiles+in+California+Oak+Woodlands&rft.au=Block%2C+WM%3BMorrison%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Ecological associations; Interspecific relationships; Ecological distribution; Microhabitats; Abundance; Population density; Species composition; Plant populations; Environmental factors; Habitat preferences; Herpetofauna; Reptilia; Amphibia; Quercus kelloggii; Pinus sabiniana; Quercus; Quercus chrysolepis; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestifer AN - 16544369; 4356356 AB - Seventeen restriction endonucleases were evaluated for use in DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestifer. Digestion of chromosomal DNA with either HinfI or DdeI restriction endonuclease, followed by submarine electrophoresis in agarose and staining with ethidium bromide, resulted in DNA fingerprint profiles that could be easily resolved. HinfI produced readable fingerprint patterns in the 2.7-20-kb range and was used to distinguish DNA fingerprint profiles among 89 strains of R. anatipestifer representing isolates from various avian species in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Germany, and Israel. A total of 52 distinct DNA fingerprint profiles were found. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Rimler, R B AU - Nordholm, GE AD - Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 101 EP - 105 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Riemerella anatipestifer KW - Deoxyribonuclease KW - Geographical variations KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16544369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=DNA+fingerprinting+of+Riemerella+anatipestifer&rft.au=Rimler%2C+R+B%3BNordholm%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Rimler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Riemerella anatipestifer; Geographical variations; Deoxyribonuclease; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of the microbial population and ethanol content of bagged salad AN - 16543184; 4350638 AB - Five nationally and regionally distributed brands of ready-to-eat salads in sealed bags were sampled from major supermarket chains. At time of purchase, product temperature was 4 to 7 degree C; the mean mesophilic microbial population was 1.0 x 10 super(7) CFU/g; the yeast population was 210 CFU/g; the mean headspace O sub(2) and CO sub(2) concentrations were 1.2 and 12%, respectively; and the ethanol content was 700 ppm. For samples analyzed on the expiration date (14 to 16 days after packaging) the mean mesophilic microbial population was 6 x 10 super(7) CFU/g; ethanol content was 1,500 ppm; and the headspace gas had not markedly changed from time of purchase. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hagenmaier, R D AU - Baker, R A AD - U.S. Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory, USDA, ARS, SAA, PO. Box 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883-1909, USA, bobhagmr@aol.com Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 357 EP - 359 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - bagged salads KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Food KW - Microorganisms KW - Ethanol KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+the+microbial+population+and+ethanol+content+of+bagged+salad&rft.au=Hagenmaier%2C+R+D%3BBaker%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hagenmaier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microorganisms; Food; Ethanol; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to chicken cecal mucus: Effect of cations and pretreatment with Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the intestinal tracts of chickens AN - 16542818; 4350621 AB - The attachment of radiolabeled Salmonella typhimurium 3333/O cells to immobilized cecal mucus from specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens was determined in the presence of D-mannose. The attachment of S. typhimurium was inhibited by the chelating agents EDTA and citrate and by lanthanum but was enhanced in the presence of the calcium, barium, and manganese divalent cations. Summary findings of the effect of lectins are included. Attachment of lactobacilli, previously isolated from the intestines of chickens, to mucus was also enhanced by calcium and inhibited by chelators. The pretreatment of immobilized mucus with portions of cultures of five of eight strains of lactobacilli inhibited subsequent attachment of the S. typhimurium strain. Spent culture supernatant fluid and/or washed cells from these cultures inhibited attachment, and inhibition was enhanced by preheating the cells or supernatant fluid at 80 degree C. Results indicate that S. typhimurium mucus attachment not involving mannosyl-dependent receptors is influenced by presence of cations. Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the intestinal tracts of chickens produce cellular and cell-free components that inhibit this form of attachment to chicken intestinal mucus. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Craven, SE AU - Williams, D D AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, R. B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604, USA, scraven@asrr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - leghorn chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lactobacillus KW - Cations KW - Intestine KW - Cecum KW - Lectins KW - Chelating agents KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16542818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=In+vitro+attachment+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+to+chicken+cecal+mucus%3A+Effect+of+cations+and+pretreatment+with+Lactobacillus+spp.+isolated+from+the+intestinal+tracts+of+chickens&rft.au=Craven%2C+SE%3BWilliams%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactobacillus; Salmonella typhimurium; Lectins; Cations; Cecum; Chelating agents; Intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical and genetic characterization of an extracellular protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 AN - 16498778; 4410802 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 cultures produce an extracellular protease with an estimated molecular mass of 50 kDa. Production of this enzyme (designated AprX) was observed in media containing CaCl sub(2) or SrCl sub(2) but not in media containing ZnCl sub(2), MgCl sub(2), or MnCl sub(2). The requirement of Ca super(2+) (or Sr super(2+)) for enzyme production was concentration dependent, and the optimal concentration for production was determined to be 0.35 mM. Following ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, the AprX in the culture supernatant was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity. Over 20% of the enzyme activity was retained in the AprX sample which had been heated in boiling water for 10 min, indicating that the enzyme is highly resistant to heat inactivation. The enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline, but only 30% of the activity was inhibited in the presence of 1 mM EGTA. The gene encoding AprX was cloned from the genome of P. fluorescens CY091 by isolating cosmid clones capable of restoring the protease production in a nonproteolytic mutant of strain CY091. The genomic region of strain CY091 containing the aprX gene was located within a 7.3-kb DNA fragment. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of this 7.3-kb fragment revealed the presence of a cluster of genes required for the production of extracellular AprX in P. fluorescens and Escherichia coli. The AprX protein showed 50 to 60% identity in amino acid sequence to the related proteases produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Erwinia chrysanthemi. Two conserved sequence domains possibly associated with Ca super(2+) and Zn super(2+) binding were identified. Immediately adjacent to the aprX structural gene, a gene (inh) encoding a putative protease inhibitor and three genes (aprD, aprE, and aprF), possibly required for the transport of AprX, were also identified. The organization of the gene cluster involved in the synthesis and secretion of AprX in P. fluorescens CY091 appears to be somewhat different from that previously demonstrated in P. aeruginosa and E. chrysanthemi. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Liao, Ching-Hsing AU - McCallus, DE AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 914 EP - 921 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - AprX protein KW - aprX gene KW - extracellular enzymes KW - inhibitors KW - nucleotide sequence KW - proteinase KW - thermal stability KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16498778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+and+genetic+characterization+of+an+extracellular+protease+from+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+CY091&rft.au=Liao%2C+Ching-Hsing%3BMcCallus%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=Ching-Hsing&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=914&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chloroplast microsatellites reveal population genetic diversity in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. AN - 16478801; 4340810 AB - Variation in paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) DNA was used to study population genetic structure in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), a species characterized by morphological uniformity, no allozyme variation, and limited RAPD variation. Using nine cpSSR loci, a total of 23 chloroplast haplotypes and 25 cpSSR alleles were found among 159 individuals surveyed in seven widely separated populations. The total genetic diversity, H sub(T), was 0.618, but haplotype differentiation among populations was low (G sub(ST) = 0.121). All populations were distinguished from each other by their haplotype compositions, and only one haplotype was common among all populations. Based on average squared composite cpSSR length differences (stepwise haplotypes), within-population diversity was relatively high for only one population (D super(2) sub(SH) = 0.443). Frequency distributions of pairwise SSR differences among individuals within different populations, as well as branch length differences in neighbour-joining dendrograms, indicated recovery from one or more population bottlenecks, and may be explained by metapopulation dynamics. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Echt, C S AU - DeVerno, L L AU - Anzidei, M AU - Vendramin, G G AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 5985 County Road K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, cecht@newnorth.net Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 307 EP - 316 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - DNA KW - Norway pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16478801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Chloroplast+microsatellites+reveal+population+genetic+diversity+in+red+pine%2C+Pinus+resinosa+Ait.&rft.au=Echt%2C+C+S%3BDeVerno%2C+L+L%3BAnzidei%2C+M%3BVendramin%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Echt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding interactions of collagen I, laminin and fibronectin with immobilized Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor AN - 16477213; 4347126 AB - Real-time interactions of collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate with immobilized Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells were studied with a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Results showed that collagen I and laminin bound to the E. coli surface but fibronectin had very low binding while hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate had no detectable interaction. Calcium ion inhibited laminin binding but enhanced collagen I binding. This research provides a model system to study the interactions of bacterial cells with extracellular matrix components. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Medina, M B AU - Fratamico, P M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mmedina@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 235 EP - 240 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - chondroitin sulfate KW - fibronectin KW - hyaluronic acid KW - laminin KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16477213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Binding+interactions+of+collagen+I%2C+laminin+and+fibronectin+with+immobilized+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+using+a+surface+plasmon+resonance+biosensor&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern pine beetle-induced mortality of pines with natural and artificial Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities in Texas AN - 16470394; 4311139 AB - Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) infestation is the major cause of mortality for Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees in loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pines. Recent intensive management for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers includes the use of artificial cavity inserts. Between 1991 and 1996 we examined southern pine beetle infestation rates of pines with natural vs artificial cavities in loblolly and shortleaf pine habitat on the northern portion of the Angelina National Forest. No significant difference existed in the rate at which southern pine beetles infested and killed pines with natural cavities vs those with artificial cavity inserts ( chi super(2) = 0.84, P > 0.05). Southern pine beetles infested and killed 20 natural cavity trees (25.6%) during the 5-year study (78 cavity-tree years) and 19 artificial cavity trees (18.8%; 101 cavity-tree years). Data for the entire Angelina National Forest indicate that 40% (25 of 62) of the cavity trees killed by southern pine beetles between 1984 and 1996 had been the nest tree during the preceding breeding season. The annual infestation rate of cavity trees appears to be related to southern pine beetle population levels of the surrounding forest. Use of artificial cavities is essential to maintain sufficient numbers of usable cavities for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in Texas. Why southern pine beetles appear to preferentially infest active Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees is still unknown, but may be related to southern pine beetle attraction to resin volatiles produced when woodpeckers excavate resin wells and/or changes in the levels of infestation-inhibiting tree volatiles as a result of cavity and resin well excavation. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Saenz, D AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Coulson, R N AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory (Maintained in cooperation with the College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University), Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, C_ConnerRN@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 100 EP - 109 VL - 110 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Pine KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Southern pine beetle KW - USA, Texas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16470394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Southern+pine+beetle-induced+mortality+of+pines+with+natural+and+artificial+Red-cockaded+Woodpecker+cavities+in+Texas&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BCoulson%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of soil-applied coal combustion by-products on growth and elemental composition of annual ryegrass AN - 16452595; 4380385 AB - The total annual production of coal combustion by-products in the USA is expected to exceed 150 million Mg by the year 2000. Agricultural utilization may offer a partial solution to disposal problems, but the benefits and risks associated with using these materials must be assessed. Four coal combustion by-products, bed ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) from a fluidized-bed combustion furnace and stabilized scrubber sludge (SS) and a high gypsum content by-product (G) from flue gas desulfurization processes were added to two soils at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g kg super(-1). The growth and elemental composition of 'Gulf' annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were evaluated in the treated soils. Adding FA, SS and G to both soils at application rates of up to 80 g kg super(-1) was not detrimental to the growth of ryegrass and resulted in higher yields than controls in some instances. Adding BA created a high alkalinity, high soluble-salt environment that initially inhibited seedling germination and significantly reduced (p<0.05) yields of dry matter, so it will probably need to be restricted to rates of lime requirement. Ryegrass concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr were similar in control and treated soils, but levels of B, Se, As and Mo were raised in treatments. Based on low trace-element concentrations in ryegrass shoots and in soil solution, Se from FA application may be the only potential food-chain risk associated with application of the four coal combustion by-products used in this investigation. JF - ENVIRON. GEOCHEM. HEALTH AU - Wright, R J AU - Codling, EE AU - Stuczynski, T AU - Siddaramappa, R AD - Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 007, Room 224, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - Lolium multiflorum KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16452595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+GEOCHEM.+HEALTH&rft.atitle=Influence+of+soil-applied+coal+combustion+by-products+on+growth+and+elemental+composition+of+annual+ryegrass&rft.au=Wright%2C+R+J%3BCodling%2C+EE%3BStuczynski%2C+T%3BSiddaramappa%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+GEOCHEM.+HEALTH&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing seedling emergence of Cuphea in Iowa AN - 16448943; 4345486 AB - Cuphea, a western hemisphere genus of some 260 species, has been proposed as a domestic source of medium-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids are used primarily in soap and detergent manufacture and are presently extracted from imported tropical oils or from petroleum. Considerable difficulty in obtaining consistent plant stands with direct seeding has been experienced at two Iowa locations. Trials were initiated in 1987 and continued through 1994 to test various treatments upon seedling emergence of C. laminuligera Koehne, C. lanceolata Ait., and hybrid C. viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata. These treatments included planting depths from 1.3 to 6.4 cm, seeding rates of 1.5 to 10 kg ha super(-1), and soil packing or not. Emerged seedlings from pure live seed planted remained less than 60% with all treatments. Increased seeding depth decreased seedling emergence from 29% to 0. Increased seeding-rate increased the number of emerged seedlings, but significant increases were dependent upon the year. Soil packing significantly increased the number of emerged seedlings in 1994 by 14%. Heavy rainfall immediately after planting caused severe stand-losses in 1989, 1991, and 1993. Additional research on seedling emergence under differing conditions would be necessary prior to commercial planting of Cuphea in Iowa. JF - Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science AU - Roath, W W AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv. North Central Regional Plant Introduction Stn., Agron. Dep., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0896-8381, 0896-8381 KW - USA, Iowa KW - agricultural practices KW - emergence KW - oilseed crops KW - seedlings KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16448943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Iowa+Academy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Managing+seedling+emergence+of+Cuphea+in+Iowa&rft.au=Roath%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Roath&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Iowa+Academy+of+Science&rft.issn=08968381&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence microscopy of etched methacrylate sections improves the study of mitosis in plant cells AN - 16446696; 4344243 AB - Etched sections of methacrylate infiltrated plant tissue offer many advantages over the more traditional squash technique of Wick et al. for immunofluorescence microscopic investigation of the plant cytoskeleton, especially during mitosis. These advantages include: (1) unimpeded access of antibody probes, (2) confocal-like imaging without the expense of confocal equipment, (3) maintenance of organ architecture as well as intracellular structure, (4) the ability to independently examine separate focal planes with the same or multiple antibody(s) or other labelling compounds, and (5) the ability to archive unetched sections, polymerized or non-polymerized infiltrated tissue. In this paper examples of staining of various microtubule cytoskeletal and mitotic proteins are shown in a variety of methacrylate embedded plant tissues. JF - Microscopy Research and Technique AU - Hoffman, J C AU - Vaughn, K C AU - Mullins, J M AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Weed Science Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 369 EP - 376 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 1059-910X, 1059-910X KW - immunofluorescence microscopy KW - methacrylate KW - microtubules KW - mitosis KW - plant cells KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32245:Microscopy and electron microscopy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16446696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.atitle=The+Manager%27s+Job%3A+Folklore+and+Fact&rft.au=Mintzberg%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Mintzberg&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.issn=00178012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid microplate callus bioassay for assessment of rhizobacteria for biocontrol of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) AN - 16425917; 4327552 AB - Screening large collections of microorganisms for potential biological control activity on economically important weeds is often difficult. Seeds required as indicator species are often not available in large supply and are highly variable in viability and germination, resulting in uneven seedling development. A bioassay system for rapidly assessing the phytotoxic effects of rhizobacteria was developed based on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) callus tissue culture in multiple-well plates. Callus pieces (0.5 g) were placed in 24-well plates containing Gamborg's B5 medium, inoculated with rhizobacterial suspension and incubated at 27 degree C for 48 h. By rating inoculated callus for cellular damage, about 30% of rhizobacteria isolated from weedy Euphorbia spp. collected in Europe and North America were identified as being highly phytotoxic. Symptoms of phytotoxicity included growth reduction, discoloration and extensive cellular leakage. A high proportion of isolates found to be phytotoxic in tissue culture bioassays were similarly effective in standard leafy spurge seedling bioassays. The method is rapid, host specific and more uniform compared with assays using seedlings, and should be adaptable to other weed species for screening microorganisms for potential biocontrol activity. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Souissi, T AU - Kremer, R J AD - Department of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri and USDA Agricultural Research Service, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Unit, 144 Mumford Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 83 EP - 92 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - bioassays KW - biological control KW - rhizobacteria KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - W2 32250:Others KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+rapid+microplate+callus+bioassay+for+assessment+of+rhizobacteria+for+biocontrol+of+leafy+spurge+%28Euphorbia+esula+L.%29&rft.au=Souissi%2C+T%3BKremer%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Souissi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An application of the plaster dissolution method for quantifying water velocity in the shallow hyporheic zone of an Appalachian stream system AN - 16422509; 4323631 AB - 1. A method for quantifying interstitial water velocity based on the dissolution rate of plaster of Paris standards was developed as part of a study of vertical, longitudinal (1-4 order sites) and seasonal variation in the biotic and physical characteristics of the shallow hyporheic zone (0-30 cm) of a headwater stream system in West Virginia, U.S.A. 2. A calibration model was developed using a water velocity simulation tank to relate mass loss of plaster standards to water velocity and temperature. The model was then used to calculate water velocity through artificial substrata embedded in the shallow hyporheic zone of four stream reaches based on in situ mass loss of plaster standards. 3. Water velocity in the hyporheic zone increased with stream order, was highest in early spring and winter during high stream base flows, and decreased with depth into the substratum. There was a strong interaction between depth and season: during periods of high stream discharge, water velocity through the upper level of the shallow hyporheic zone (0-10 cm into the substrate) increased disproportionately more than velocity at greater depths. Mean interstitial velocity in March ranged from 0 cm s super(-1) in the lowest level (20-30 cm) to 3.5 cm s super(-1) at the upper level (0-10 cm) at the first-order site, and from 2.5 cm s super(-1) (20-30 cm) to 9.5 cm s super(-1) (0-10 cm s super(-1)) at the fourth-order site. Gradients in stream discharge and sediment permeability accounted for treatment effects. 4. Use of calibrated data improved the ability to resolve among-season differences in interstitial water movement over the use of uncalibrated mass loss data. For some applications of the plaster standard method, empirical calibration may not be necessary. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Angradi, T AU - Hood, R AD - United States Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 301 EP - 315 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - USA, West Virginia KW - hyporheic zone KW - plaster dissolution method KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=An+application+of+the+plaster+dissolution+method+for+quantifying+water+velocity+in+the+shallow+hyporheic+zone+of+an+Appalachian+stream+system&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T%3BHood%2C+R&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a field-scale biofilter for the degradation of the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos in cattle dip wastes AN - 16399933; 4308472 AB - Insecticide wastes generated from livestock dipping operations are well suited for biodegradation processes since these wastes are concentrated, contained, and have no other significant toxic components. A field-scale biofilter capable of treating 15 000-litre batches of dip waste containing the acaricide coumaphos was used to reduce the coumaphos concentration in two successive 11 000-litre batch trials from 2000 mg litre super(-1) to 10 mg litre super(-1) in approximately 14 days at 25-29 degree C. Removal of coumaphos from the biofilter effluent is a function of both physical filtration and biodegradation by the biofilter. However, stoichiometric increases in chloride levels in the effluent as coumaphos concentrations decreased confirmed that coumaphos was being degraded by the biofilter rather than just being filtered out. In subsequent 5500-litre batch experiments, the addition of a vitamin supplement to the biofilter-treated dip resulted in a further decrease in coumaphos concentration to approximately 1 mg litre super(-1). Results from incubations of two representative Texas soils with biofilter-treated dip spiked with [benzo-U- super(14)C] coumaphos revealed that 32-36% of the spiked [ super(14)C] coumaphos was mineralized in the soils after 110 days at 30 degree C. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Mulbry, W AU - Ahrens, E AU - Karns, J AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Building 001 Room 140, BARC-West Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, wmulbry@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 268 EP - 274 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - coumaphos KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16399933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+field-scale+biofilter+for+the+degradation+of+the+organophosphate+insecticide+coumaphos+in+cattle+dip+wastes&rft.au=Mulbry%2C+W%3BAhrens%2C+E%3BKarns%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mulbry&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fecundity and egg distribution of the herbivore Spodoptera pectinicornis as influenced by quality of the floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes AN - 16396850; 4308007 AB - We determined the influence of larval host quality of the floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) on the fecundity and egg distribution of the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Different nutritional levels were produced by growing plants with relatively low and high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Female and male pupal biomass were significantly greater when the larvae were fed leaves from the high fertilizer plants. Although the fertilizer treatments did not significantly influence total fecundity, there was an indirect effect as adults from larger pupae were more fecund. Regardless of treatment, ovipositing females formed a depression in the leaf surface by removing trichomes into which they deposited the egg masses. Most of the egg masses were laid on the lower leaf surface, on leaf positions 5-8 (counting from the young inner to the outer leaves) and during days 1-2 post-eclosion. Most of the eggs were laid in masses but about 12% were solitary. Females fed the low fertilizer treatment laid a greater proportion (mean plus or minus s.e.) of their eggs as solitary eggs (17.3 plus or minus 3.4% of total eggs) than did females fed the high fertilizer treatment (8.3 plus or minus 2.3% of total eggs). The increased percentage of solitary eggs laid by the females from the low quality larval diet may be an adaptive response to decrease competition among the progeny. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Wheeler, G S AU - Van, T K AU - Center, T D AD - USDA/ARS Aquatic Weed Research Unit, 3205 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 295 EP - 304 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Cutworms KW - Lepidoptera KW - larvae KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pistia stratiotes KW - Spatial distribution KW - Herbivory KW - Freshwater KW - Nutrition KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Eggs KW - Spodoptera pectinicornis KW - Fecundity KW - Herbivores KW - Reproductive cycle KW - Noctuidae KW - Food quality KW - Aquatic insects KW - Competition KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Fecundity+and+egg+distribution+of+the+herbivore+Spodoptera+pectinicornis+as+influenced+by+quality+of+the+floating+aquatic+plant+Pistia+stratiotes&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+G+S%3BVan%2C+T+K%3BCenter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbivores; Fecundity; Spatial distribution; Reproductive cycle; Nutrition; Competition; Aquatic insects; Eggs; Freshwater weeds; Herbivory; Food quality; Spodoptera pectinicornis; Pistia stratiotes; Noctuidae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to O157 antigen of Escherichia coli AN - 16349089; 4318939 AB - The O157 antigen of Escherichia coli shares structural elements with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of other bacterial species, notably Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica O9, a fact that confounds the interpretation of assays for anti-O157 antibodies. To address this problem, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was designed with E. coli O157:H7 LPS as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for E. coli O157, designated 13B3, as the competing antibody. The bELISA had equivalent sensitivity to, and significantly higher specificity than, the indirect ELISA (iELISA), detecting anti-O157 antibodies in sera from cattle experimentally inoculated with O157:H7. Only 13% of sera from naive heifers vaccinated for or experimentally infected with B. abortus had increased anti-O157 bELISA titers, while 61% of anti-O157 iELISA titers were increased. The bELISA is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of serum antibodies resulting from exposure to E. coli O157. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Laegreid, W AU - Hoffman, M AU - Keen, J AU - Elder, R AU - Kwang, J AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 242 EP - 246 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Escherichia coli KW - O157 antigen KW - antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06720:ELISA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+blocking+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+detection+of+serum+antibodies+to+O157+antigen+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Laegreid%2C+W%3BHoffman%2C+M%3BKeen%2C+J%3BElder%2C+R%3BKwang%2C+J&rft.aulast=Laegreid&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Systems+Management&rft.issn=00224839&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed treatment using pre-infiltration and biocontrol agents to reduce damping-off of corn caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium AN - 16285489; 4289654 AB - Bioassays were conducted in a greenhouse at 18 degree C to determine the effectiveness of a seed treatment used in combination with biocontrol agents for the reduction of corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium. Corn seeds were infiltrated with tap water, drained, air-dried, and then coated with biomass of an antagonistic fungus, Gliocladium virens isolate Gl-3, or an antagonistic bacterium, Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B or Bc-1, or a combination of Gl-3 with each of the bacterial isolates. A nonsterile field soil was infested with a combination of pathogens: Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes, and Fusarium graminearum at 2 inoculum rates (1x and 4x). Pre-infiltration enhanced (P less than or equal to 0.05) disease control with most treatments at both inoculum rates. Treatments with biocontrol agents alone or in combination, as well as the fungicide captan, effectively reduced the disease at a pathogen inoculum rate of 1x, resulting in greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) seedling stands, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in infested soil. At a pathogen inoculum rate of 4x, stands were lower (P less than or equal to 0.01) and root-rot severity was higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) compared to those at 1x for all treatments. Nevertheless, coating seeds with all biocontrol agents (alone or in combination), except with Bc-1 alone, reduced disease (P less than or equal to 0.05) compared to untreated seeds in infested soil. At both inoculum rates of 1x and 4x, coating seeds with Gl-3 + Bc-B was more effective (P less than or equal to 0.05) in disease control than any other treatment, resulting in stands, growth rate (plant height and fresh weight), and root rot severity similar to plants from untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In addition, when the exudate from a 2-h infiltration of corn seed was added to the seeds during seed coating, seedling stand was often lower and root rot severity was often higher than those from infiltrated seeds (P less than or equal to 0.05). These results indicated that the infiltration process removed certain exudates, including nutrients and/or stimulants (not detected in this study) that might be utilized by pathogens to initiate seed infection. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the exudates showed the presence of eight amino acids and three major carbohydrates. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mao, W AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Lewis, JA AU - Hebbar, P K AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 294 EP - 299 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - biological control KW - maize KW - plant protection KW - seed treatments KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16285489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seed+treatment+using+pre-infiltration+and+biocontrol+agents+to+reduce+damping-off+of+corn+caused+by+species+of+Pythium+and+Fusarium&rft.au=Mao%2C+W%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BHebbar%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polymerase chain reaction protocol for the detection of Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli, the causal bacterium of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease AN - 16277407; 4288398 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed that specifically detected Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli, the causal agent of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease. Generic PCR products from the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA of C. xyli subsp. xyli and C. xyli subsp. cynodontis were cloned and sequenced. Based on a multiple sequence alignment among these two sequences and other nonredundant highly homologous sequences from the database, two C. xyli subsp. xyli-specific PCR primers were designed, Cxx1 (5' CCGAAGTGAGCAGATTGACC) and Cxx2 (5' ACCCTGTGTTGTTTTCAACG). These two 20-mer oligonucleotides primed the specific amplification of a 438-bp DNA product from genomic DNA samples of 21 C. xyli subsp. xyli strains. Amplification was not observed with genomic DNA of one C. xyli subsp. cynodontis strain, five strains of four other Clavibacter species, and two strains of two Rathayibacter species. The 438-bp PCR product also was amplified directly from cultured C. xyli subsp. xyli cells and from C. xyli subsp. xyli-infected sugarcane vascular sap with a unique reaction buffer containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and ficoll. Extraction of genomic DNA was not necessary prior to PCR assay. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pan, Y-B AU - Grisham, M P AU - Burner, D M AU - Damann, KE Jr AU - Wei, Q AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., Sugarcane Res. Unit, P.O. Box 470, Houma, LA 70361, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 285 EP - 290 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - ratoon stunting disease KW - stunting KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16277407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+polymerase+chain+reaction+protocol+for+the+detection+of+Clavibacter+xyli+subsp.+xyli%2C+the+causal+bacterium+of+sugarcane+ratoon+stunting+disease&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y-B%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BBurner%2C+D+M%3BDamann%2C+KE+Jr%3BWei%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y-B&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation in resistant and susceptible maize hybrids AN - 16274237; 4288395 AB - Field studies were conducted for 2 years in Mississippi to monitor maize kernel infection and aflatoxin accumulation caused by Aspergillus flavus at various times during the growing season. Hybrids resistant and susceptible to A. flavus were compared to determine temporal differences in infection and aflatoxin levels. The resistant hybrids tested were Mo18W x Mp313E, Mp420 x Tx601, and SC54 x SC76; and the susceptible hybrids tested were GA209 x Mp339, Mp307 x Mp428, and Mp68:616 x SC212M. The top ear of each plant was inoculated with a suspension containing A. flavus conidia at 7 days after midsilk (50% of the plants in a plot had silks emerged) using the side needle technique. Inoculated ears were harvested 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 days after midsilk to determine kernel infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination. Differences in aflatoxin levels between resistant and susceptible hybrids occurred in all harvest dates. However, significant differences between resistant and susceptible hybrids for kernel infection were not observed until 42 days after midsilk. Differences between resistant and susceptible hybrids occurred for kernel infection and aflatoxin concentrations 49, 56, and 63 days after midsilk. Incidence of kernel infection (8.1% for GA209 x Mp339) was the highest 49 days after midsilk, and aflatoxin concentrations (510 ng/g for Mp307 x Mp428) were the highest 63 days after midsilk. Maximum differences between resistant and susceptible hybrids for aflatoxin levels were observed 63 days after midsilk. Two of the resistant hybrids, Mo18W x Mp313E and Mp420 x Tx601, had significantly less aflatoxin than the three susceptible hybrids 63 days after midsilk. JF - Plant Disease AU - Windham, G L AU - Williams, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 281 EP - 284 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aflatoxins KW - disease resistance KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16274237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Social+Change+on+National+Forests+in+Southern+California%3A+A+Qualitative+Study+of+Hispanic+Leisure&rft.au=Chavez%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytophthora shuck and kernel rot, a new disease of pecan caused by Phytophthora cactorum AN - 16274062; 4288387 AB - Phytophthora shuck and kernel rot infection usually started at the stem end of the pecan fruit and progressed distally to encompass the entire shuck within 4 to 6 days. A distinct margin developed between dark brown necrotic tissue and healthy green tissue during rotting of the shucks. Phytophthora cactorum was isolated from the rapidly rotting pecan fruit. Two to three weeks after the symptoms appeared, the diseased shucks dried and stuck tightly to the shell. The seed coat of the kernel turned dark brown and the endosperm rotted. The new disease of pecan was first observed during September 1988 on maturing pecan fruit in central Georgia in the vicinity of the town of Byron where growers estimated losses of 50% or greater in some orchards. In south Georgia near the cities of Albany and Cordele, the disease was present but less severe. The causal agent was identified as P. cactorum and deposited with ATCC as isolate B1, ATCC No. 66186. Laboratory and field inoculations of nut clusters using the B1 isolate produced typical symptoms observed in nature. Symptoms of the disease were observed in 13 orchards, and the pathogen was isolated from the soil of 10 of these orchards in south and central Georgia. JF - Plant Disease AU - Reilly, C C AU - Hotchkiss, M W AU - Hendrix, FF Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Lab., Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 347 EP - 349 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Pecan KW - plant diseases KW - rot KW - shuck and kernel rot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16274062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Variation+in+creosotebush+%28Larrea+tridentata%29+canopy+morphology+in+relation+to+habitat%2C+soil+fertility+and+associated+annual+plant+communities&rft.au=De+Soyza%2C+AG%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BMartinez-Meza%2C+E%3BVan+Zee%2C+JW&rft.aulast=De+Soyza&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of Phoma terrestris, Pythium irregulare, and Fusarium acuminatum in causing red root rot of corn AN - 16272233; 4288388 AB - Greenhouse and field tests were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine the causal pathogen(s) of red root rot (RRR) of corn. Corn hybrids Dekalb DK 522, DK 572, DK 677, and DK 582 were utilized. Phoma terrestris, Pythium irregulare, and Fusarium acuminatum were used alone or in combination to infest potting mix in greenhouse tests or soil in field tests. Results indicated that P. terrestris is the primary pathogen in the RRR complex of corn in Delaware. When P. terrestris and Pythium irregulare were associated, the disease progressed faster and was more severe, resulting in significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) root rot, basal stalk rot, and wilt. F. acuminatum played a minor role in causing the disease, with little additional symptom development when combined with P. terrestris or Pythium irregulare. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mao, W AU - Carroll, R B AU - Whittington, D P AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 337 EP - 342 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - maize KW - red root rot KW - root rot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16272233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Association+of+Phoma+terrestris%2C+Pythium+irregulare%2C+and+Fusarium+acuminatum+in+causing+red+root+rot+of+corn&rft.au=Mao%2C+W%3BCarroll%2C+R+B%3BWhittington%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of heat-stable enterotoxin STb by adherent Escherichia coli is not sufficient to cause severe diarrhea in neonatal pigs AN - 16216133; 4274832 AB - The role of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin B (STb) in neonatal porcine diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli was examined by comparing adherent isogenic strains with or without STb. The cloned STb gene (in the plasmid pRAS1) was electroporated into a nonenterotoxigenic strain (226M) which expresses the F41 adhesin. Strain 226M pRAS1 adhered and expressed STb in vivo, causing fluid secretion in ligated ileal loops in neonatal pigs. Although strain 226M pRAS1 caused very mild diarrhea in some orally inoculated neonatal pigs, the weight loss in these pigs was similar to that caused by the parental strain without STb. We conclude that STb does not significantly contribute to diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in neonatal pigs. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Casey, T A AU - Herring, C J AU - Schneider, R A AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Whipp, S C AD - USDA, ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 1270 EP - 1272 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - diarrhea KW - enterotoxin B KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16216133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Munro%2C+Robert+W.&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1981-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folklore+and+society+in+north+east+scotland&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and implementation of the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study. AN - 79898410; 9604264 AB - The United States Department of Agriculture's National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study was designed to estimate management, health and productivity parameters on pig operations in the United States. Sixteen major swine-producing states that accounted for nearly 91% of June 1, 1995 swine inventory and nearly three-fourths of United States swine producers were included in the study. In the initial phase of the study, National Agricultural Statistics Service enumerators collected information from 1477 producers involved in all phases of swine production (farrowing, nursery, and grower/finisher). Of these, 405 operations with > or = 300 finisher pigs (with at least one finisher pig > or = 54 kg) participated in the subsequent component of the study, which involved on-farm visits by state and federal veterinary medical officers and animal health technicians, and which concentrated on the grower/finisher phase of production. Of those eligible to take part in the second phase of the study, participation was higher among independent producers (48.3%) than among contract producers (15.3%). Participation was also higher among operations that used advanced record-keeping systems (such as record cards for individual breeding hogs or a computer-based record-keeping system). Thus, study results could have been influenced by response biases. As a biosecurity measure, 40.5 +/- 2.1% of operations restricted entry to employees only. For operations that permitted non-employees to enter the premises, relatively few enforced other biosecurity measures on visitors (0.4 +/- 0.1% required feed-delivery personnel and livestock handlers to shower before entering the premises; 3.3+/- 0.9% required a footbath; and 7.0 +/- 1.5% required feed-delivery personnel and livestock handlers not to have visited another operation with pigs on that day). The most common method of waste storage (used by 49.9 +/- 3.8% of operations with > or = 300 finisher pigs) was below-floor slurry or deep pit. JF - Preventive veterinary medicine AU - Losinger, W C AU - Bush, E J AU - Hill, G W AU - Smith, M A AU - Garber, L P AU - Rodriguez, J M AU - Kane, G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Y1 - 1998/02/27/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 27 SP - 147 EP - 159 VL - 34 IS - 2-3 SN - 0167-5877, 0167-5877 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Documentation KW - Animals KW - Records as Topic -- standards KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Health KW - Quality Control KW - Female KW - Swine KW - Meat -- standards KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - United States Department of Agriculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79898410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=A+water+resources+decision+model+for+forest+managers&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific oligonucleotide primers for the direct detection of plum pox potyvirus-cherry subgroup AN - 16205860; 4277248 AB - A specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for direct identification of the distinct subgroup of plum pox potyvirus (PPV) isolates from cherry trees (PPV-cherry, PPV-C) and its differentiation from other known subgroups of PPV. The specificity of the assay is based on using a pair of primers whose nucleotide sequences are located on the coat protein gene of PPV-sour cherry (SoC) at regions of high nucleotide divergence between PPV-SoC and other isolates of PPV. The technique will be useful for studying the epidemiology of PPV-C as well as for practical testing in certification and quarantine programs worldwide. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Nemchinov, L AU - Hadidi, A AD - National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/02/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 15 SP - 231 EP - 234 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - SoC gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16205860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Asmah%2C+Josephine&rft.aulast=Asmah&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9780494655818&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Stepping+outside+the+box%3A+Traditional+knowledge%2C+folklore%2C+indigenous+textiles+and+cultural+appropriation%E2%80%94Is+there+room+for+folklore+protection+under+intellectual+property+law%3F&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of cross-linked phyllosilicates for intercalative immobilization of soybean lipoxygenase AN - 856761363; 13858720 AB - A novel procedure was developed to intercalate enzymes into dispersed phyllosilicates that were cross-linked with silicate polymers formed by the hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS). Lipoxygenase (LOX) intercalated into cross-linked phyllosilicates exhibited high enzymatic activity. The enzyme-phyllosilicate composite prepared by this procedure had an improved pore network. Alkylamines were used to occupy the charge sites of the phyllosilicate, which increased the hydrophobicity of the phyllosilicate and reduced charge-charge interaction between LOX and the phyllosilicate. The amount of macropores and the enzymatic activity of the lipoxygenase-phyllosilicate composites increased with an increase in the ratio of trimethylammonium (TMA)-phyllosilicate to cross-linking reagent TMOS. LOX intercalatively immobilized into phyllosilicates displayed good storage stability and reusability at ambient temperature. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Shen, Siyuan AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Tu, Shu-I AD - Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 79 EP - 90 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Pores KW - Silicic acid KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Shelf life KW - Lipoxygenase KW - Hydrolysis KW - Immobilization KW - Soybeans KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856761363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ozturkmen%2C+Arzu&rft.aulast=Ozturkmen&rft.aufirst=Arzu&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folklore+and+nationalism+in+Turkey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Pores; Silicic acid; Hydrophobicity; Enzymatic activity; Shelf life; Hydrolysis; Lipoxygenase; Immobilization; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02919390 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and mycotoxin data support reidentification of the Quorn mycoprotein fungus as Fusarium venenatum. AN - 79725922; 9501477 AB - Molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and mycotoxin data were obtained in order to investigate the relationships and identity of the Quorn mycoprotein fungus within Fusarium and to examine Quorn strains and commercial Quorn food products for trichothecene mycotoxins. Phylogenetic analyses of aligned DNA sequences obtained via the polymerase chain reaction from the nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, and beta-tubulin gene exons and introns indicate that the Quorn fungus is Fusarium venenatum, rather than F. graminearum as previously reported. All of the Quorn strains examined were morphologically degenerate aconidial colonial mutants except for NRRL 25139, which produced chlamydospores in recurved terminal chains together with mostly 5-septate sporodochial conidia on doliform monophialides diagnostic of F. venenatum. Bootstrap and decay analyses provide strong support for a monophyletic lineage containing F. venenatum and several other type A trichothecene-producing species, while reference strains of F. graminearum were nested in a separate clade of species that produce type B trichothecenes and/or zearalenone. Analysis of mycotoxins from rice cultures inoculated with Quorn strain NRRL 25416 revealed that four type A trichothecenes are produced, but at low levels relative to strain NRRL 22198 of F. venenatum. No trichothecene mycotoxins, however, were detected from the analysis of three commercial Quorn products marketed for human consumption in England. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - O'Donnell, K AU - Cigelnik, E AU - Casper, H H AD - Microbial Properties Research, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 57 EP - 67 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - Mycotoxins KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 28S KW - Trichothecenes KW - Tubulin KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 28S -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Tubulin -- genetics KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- chemistry KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 28S -- chemistry KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- genetics KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Phylogeny KW - Fusarium -- physiology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- classification KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79725922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Molecular+phylogenetic%2C+morphological%2C+and+mycotoxin+data+support+reidentification+of+the+Quorn+mycoprotein+fungus+as+Fusarium+venenatum.&rft.au=O%27Donnell%2C+K%3BCigelnik%2C+E%3BCasper%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF006347; GENBANK; AF006321; AF006346; AF006320; AF006349; AF006323; AF006348; AF006322; AF006325; AF006343; AF006324; AF006342; AF006345; AF006327; AF006326; AF006344; AF006329; AF006328; AF006330; AF006338; AF006337; AF006336; AF006335; AF006334; AF006333; AF006332; AF006331; AF006339; AF006340; AF006341 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bt resistance management. AN - 79707827; 9487517 JF - Nature biotechnology AU - McGaughey, W H AU - Gould, F AU - Gelernter, W AD - US Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA. mcgaugh@ksu.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 144 EP - 146 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Insecticides KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Crops, Agricultural -- genetics KW - Endotoxins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Endotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Bacterial Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79707827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Bt+resistance+management.&rft.au=Kolovos%2C+Andy&rft.aulast=Kolovos&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781124355351&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archiving+culture%3A+American+folklore+archives+in+theory+and+practice&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Nov;16(11):988 [9831013] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A perspective on mineral standards. AN - 79694285; 9478029 AB - History has shown that the consumption of a balanced diet in adequate amounts is consistent with survival of mankind. This fact demonstrates that for each essential nutrient there is not one, but a range of safe and adequate intakes. In the past, the determination of the two endpoints of that range, one bordering on deficiency, the other on toxicity, has been sought independently by nutritionists and toxicologists. Refinements of the criteria of adequacy and safety during the past few decades has tended to raise estimates of requirements and to reduce those of toxicity, narrowing and in some cases, eliminating the range of safe and adequate intakes. The Herndon Conference in 1992 suggested some common principles, potentially useful to establish both endpoints of the ranges of safe and adequate intakes for essential trace elements. Some perspectives of implementing these are discussed. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Mertz, W AD - Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 375S EP - 378S VL - 128 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Minerals -- standards KW - Minerals -- administration & dosage KW - Nutrition Policy KW - Dietary Supplements -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79694285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=A+perspective+on+mineral+standards.&rft.au=Mertz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mertz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339476315&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vernacular+entrepreneurship+as+a+model+for+oral+tradition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Identification of Recreational Counties in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the USA AN - 61518481; 9905437 AB - Nonmetropolitan US counties with significant concentrations of recreational activity are identified using data from the 1980 US Census, 1982 US Economic Census, 1980 Bureau of Economic Analysis, & 1982 federal-state cooperative population estimates series. Findings reveal that the 285 counties identified as recreational encompass 12% of the nonmetropolitan counties & 15% of the nonmetropolitan population. Population growth in such counties has consistently exceeded that in other nonmetropolitan areas as well as that in metropolitan areas. Net migration accounted for most of the population growth in such counties. The revenue & expenditure patterns of local governments in recreational counties differ from those elsewhere, suggesting significant policy concerns. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 1 Appendix, 20 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Population Research and Policy Review AU - Beale, Calvin L AU - Johnson, Kenneth M AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, Washington DC Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 37 EP - 53 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0167-5923, 0167-5923 KW - Recreation KW - Population Growth KW - Counties KW - United States of America KW - Nonmetropolitan Areas KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61518481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Research+and+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=The+Identification+of+Recreational+Counties+in+Nonmetropolitan+Areas+of+the+USA&rft.au=Beale%2C+Calvin+L%3BJohnson%2C+Kenneth+M&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Research+and+Policy+Review&rft.issn=01675923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - PRPRE8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States of America; Counties; Recreation; Population Growth; Nonmetropolitan Areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting molybdenum adsorption by soils and minerals AN - 52540595; 1998-074822 JF - Soil Science AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 109 EP - 114 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 163 IS - 2 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - silicates KW - terrestrial environment KW - iron oxides KW - goethite KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - Vertisols KW - crystallinity KW - aluminum oxides KW - hematite KW - molybdenum KW - Entisols KW - oxides KW - trace elements KW - synthetic materials KW - pH KW - montmorillonite KW - soils KW - amorphous materials KW - arid environment KW - physicochemical properties KW - kaolinite KW - illite KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - metals KW - sheet silicates KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52540595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interfaces&rft.atitle=The+ombudsman%3A+Management+folklore+and+management+science+-+On+portfolio+planning%2C+escalation+bias%2C+and+such&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+J+Scott&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Interfaces&rft.issn=00922102&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; Alfisols; aluminum oxides; amorphous materials; arid environment; clay minerals; crystallinity; Entisols; goethite; hematite; illite; iron oxides; kaolinite; metals; molybdenum; montmorillonite; oxides; pH; physicochemical properties; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; synthetic materials; terrestrial environment; trace elements; Vertisols; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air entrapment effects on infiltration rate and flow instability AN - 50166555; 1998-021040 AB - Experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of entrapped air on water infiltration into a loamy sand. Transparent three-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D columns were used for experiments carried out for two infiltration conditions: (1) when air was free to move ahead of the wetting front and leave the bottom of the column (air draining) and (2) when air was confined ahead of the wetting front and hence could escape only through the soil surface (air confining). The measurement setup was composed of a tension-pressure infiltrometer, an air flowmeter, water manometers, and video-picture cameras. We applied both positive and negative water pressures at the soil surface and measured the simultaneous changes in the rates of water inflow and air outflow, the air pressure ahead of the wetting front, and the dynamic behavior and advance of the wetting front. The air pressure ahead of the wetting front for the air-confining condition was generally found to increase with time rather than reaching a constant level, as observed in other studies by other researchers. The air pressure fluctuated locally because of air escaping from the soil surface. On the basis of an analysis of the results we present two empirical equations to predict the maximum air pressure at which air begins to erupt from the soil surface and to predict the minimum air pressure at which air eruption stops. We found that the infiltration rate was always equal to, and controlled by, the rate of air outflow. The infiltration rate varied inversely with the air pressure ahead of the wetting front and with the ponding depth at the soil surface. The infiltration rate fluctuated with time rather than undergoing changes in a three-stage process, as is often characterized in the literature. The volume of residual entrapped air in the air-confining condition increased 7% on average, and the infiltration rate decreased threefold to tenfold as compared to the air-draining condition. Finally, it was shown that the air-confining infiltration flow is fingered and unstable, consistent with the predictions of an existing theory. Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Feyen, Jan AU - van Genuchten, Martinus T AU - Nielsen, Donald R Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 213 EP - 222 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - wetting front KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - sand KW - experimental studies KW - three-dimensional models KW - clastic sediments KW - unsaturated zone KW - rates KW - fluid dynamics KW - infiltrometers KW - two-dimensional models KW - manometers KW - water pressure KW - infiltration KW - sediments KW - air KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - flowmeters KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Air+entrapment+effects+on+infiltration+rate+and+flow+instability&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhi%3BFeyen%2C+Jan%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+T%3BNielsen%2C+Donald+R&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhi&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR02804 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; clastic sediments; experimental studies; flowmeters; fluid dynamics; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; infiltrometers; manometers; rates; sand; sediments; soils; three-dimensional models; two-dimensional models; unsaturated zone; water pressure; wetting front DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR02804 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition between a biological control fungus, Ophiostoma piliferum, and symbionts of the southern pine beetle AN - 17154640; 4451188 AB - A colorless isolate of O. piliferum was paired in a series of competitive interactions with three fungal symbionts of Dendroctonus frontalis, the southern pine beetle. Two of these fungi, Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus and Entomocorticium sp. A, are considered to be mutualists of the southern pine beetle. The third fungal symbiont, O. minus, is considered to be an antagonist. I found strong evidence of differential competition between O. piliferum and all three symbionts. In primary and secondary resource capture contests on an artificial medium O. piliferum outcompeted all three fungi. In inoculations of natural substrate, O. piliferum outcompeted the two mutualists but did not outcompete O. minus. The ability of O. piliferum to outcompete beetle mutualists on both artificial and natural substrates indicates promise for this fungus as a biological control agent of the southern pine beetle. However, it may not be able to always prevent colonization by O. minus and the resultant discoloration of colonized wood. JF - Mycologia AU - Klepzig, K D AD - Forest Insect Research, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Pineville, Louisiana 71360, USA, kklepzig@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Entomocorticium KW - Ophiostoma KW - Competition KW - Symbionts KW - Fungi KW - Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17154640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Competition+between+a+biological+control+fungus%2C+Ophiostoma+piliferum%2C+and+symbionts+of+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus; Dendroctonus frontalis; Entomocorticium; Ophiostoma; Fungi; Biological control; Symbionts; Competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Trends in Height Growth of Jack Pine in North Central Ontario AN - 16552211; 4382717 AB - Although most investigations of long-term growth trends of trees involve description of radial growth of trees, investigation of height growth of dominant and codominant trees also warrants attention for two significant reasons - the dependent variable is largely independent of stand density and it represents an index of stand productivity. Residuals from a height growth equation for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were used to examine long-term trends in height growth. No consistent long-term trend was apparent; however, a period of superior growth was identified during the 1960s. Short-term changes in climatic variables could account for a short duration of increased growth. As anthropogenic factors, such as air pollution, did not exhibit a trend coincident with the growth trend, they do not represent a reasonable explanation. An additional benefit of detailed examination of trends in residuals is the ability to uncover misidentification of models. The examination may suggest an inappropriate form for the equation was used, or may suggest that important variables are missing from the model. JF - Forest Science AU - Goelz, JCG AU - Burk, TE AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, P.O.B. 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, /S=j.goelz/OU1=S33L02A@MHS-FSWA.attmail.com Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 158 EP - 164 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - Black pine KW - Canada, Ontario KW - temporal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Pinus banksiana KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Trends+in+Height+Growth+of+Jack+Pine+in+North+Central+Ontario&rft.au=Goelz%2C+JCG%3BBurk%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Goelz&rft.aufirst=JCG&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus banksiana; Growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why soil erosion models over-predict small soil losses and under-predict large soil losses AN - 16548492; 4390026 AB - Evaluation of various soil erosion models with large data sets have consistently shown that these models tend to over-predict soil erosion for small measured values, and under-predict soil erosion for larger measured values. This trend appears to be consistent regardless of whether the soil erosion value of interest is for individual storms, annual totals, or average annual soil losses, and regardless of whether the model is empirical or physically based. The hypothesis presented herein is that this phenomenon is not necessarily associated with bias in model predictions as a function of treatment, but rather with limitations in representing the random component of the measured data within treatments (i.e., between replicates) with a deterministic model. A simple example is presented, showing how even a `perfect' deterministic soil erosion model exhibits bias relative to small and large measured erosion rates. The concept is further tested and verified on a set of 3007 measured soil erosion data pairs from storms on natural rainfall and run-off plots using the best possible, unbiased, real-world model, i.e., the physical model represented by replicated plots. The results of this study indicate that the commonly observed bias, in erosion prediction models relative to over-prediction of small and under-prediction of large measured erosion rates on individual data points, is normal and expected if the model is accurately predicting erosion rates as a function of environmental conditions, i.e., treatments. JF - Catena AU - Nearing, MA AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, nearingcn.purdue.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 15 EP - 22 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Data interpretation KW - Model studies KW - Soil erosion KW - Erosion rates KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Why+soil+erosion+models+over-predict+small+soil+losses+and+under-predict+large+soil+losses&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Data interpretation; Model studies; Soil erosion; Erosion rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of ecological factors and reproductive strategies in structuring freshwater mussel communities AN - 16545057; 4354225 AB - Freshwater mussel community composition within two drainage basins in Alabama, U.S.A., was better explained by patterns of variability in the fish community and the type of strategy used by mussels for infecting host-fishes than by patterns of variability in microhabitat. Mussel species richness increased in a downstream direction, and large-stream sites were characterized by a distinctive faunal assemblage that was similar between drainages. In contrast, faunal composition of headwater sites varied widely between drainages. Patterns of mussel community variation were correlated with patterns of fish community variation but not with habitat. Densities of host-specialist mussels with elaborate host-attracting mechanisms and host-generalist mussels were independent of host-fish densities, and these mussels were present throughout the drainages. Densities of host-specialist mussels without elaborate host-attracting mechanisms were correlated positively with host-fish densities and were absent or rare in headwater and midreach streams. We propose that mussel species dependent on host-fish density are restricted to sites with stable numbers of hosts, but mussels not dependent on host-fish density are able to persist in areas with more unstable fish assemblages, such as headwaters. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Haag, W R AU - Warren, ML Jr AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forest Hydrology Laboratory, 1000 Front Street, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, fswarren@olemiss.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 297 EP - 306 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Bivalves KW - Clams KW - USA, Alabama KW - freshwater mussels KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Pisces KW - Bivalvia KW - Community composition KW - Ecological distribution KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Species richness KW - D 04658:Molluscs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16545057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Role+of+ecological+factors+and+reproductive+strategies+in+structuring+freshwater+mussel+communities&rft.au=Haag%2C+W+R%3BWarren%2C+ML+Jr&rft.aulast=Haag&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bivalvia; Pisces; Species richness; Rivers; Host-parasite interactions; Ecological distribution; Community composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a rapid method for measurement of catalase activity in cooked beef and sausage AN - 16543316; 4350661 AB - Catalase (CAT) activity in ground beef and pork was determined on samples cooked from 60 to 71.1 degree C. One-gram samples of ground round (4% fat), hamburger (24% fat), and commercial pork sausage (38% fat) were cooked in a controlled-temperature waterbath at 65, 68.3, and 71 degree C. Chilled samples were immersed in direct contact with the cooking water; the test samples were removed every 15 s and immediately immersed in an ice-water bath (0 to 1 degree C) to quick-chill the samples to prevent temperature over-run. Samples retained high (HMB value 20+, over range) CAT activity through 90, 60, and 45 s at 65, 68.3, and 71 degree C, respectively, before showing rapid activity decreases. Four USDA-FSIS approved meat patty heating processes (66.1 degree C, 41 s; 67.2 degree C, 26 s; 68.3 degree C, 16 s; and 69.4 degree C, 10 s) were analyzed for CAT activity. CAT activity in meat frozen prior to cooking was slightly lower (P < 0.05) than in nonfrozen meat. CAT activity decreased (P < 0.05) among meat treated at 66.1 degree C for 41 s, at 67.2 degree C for 26 s, and at 68.3 degree C for 16 s, but the treatment at 68.3 degree C for 16 s was not different (P < 0.05) from that at 69.4 degree C for 10 s. These results show this rapid (20 to 25 min) CAT activity test could be used to establish activity values at specific end-point temperatures for model heat-processed ground beef or sausage products and may be useful to USDA FSIS process inspectors and food processors in quality assurance and HACCP (hazard analysis critical control points) programs for thermal input verification. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Davis, CE AU - Cyrus, S AD - USDA, ARS, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613-5677, USA, cedavis@negia.net Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 253 EP - 256 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Beef KW - Sausages KW - Catalase KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+rapid+method+for+measurement+of+catalase+activity+in+cooked+beef+and+sausage&rft.au=Davis%2C+CE%3BCyrus%2C+S&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beef; Sausages; Catalase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neural network pattern recognition of photoacoustic FTIR spectra and knowledge-based techniques for detection of mycotoxigenic fungi in food grains AN - 16543292; 4350657 AB - Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS), a highly sensitive probe of the surfaces of solid substrates, is used to detect toxigenic fungal contamination in corn. Kernels of corn infected with mycotoxigenic fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus, display FTIR-PAS spectra that differ significantly from spectra of uninfected kernels. Photoacoustic infrared spectral features were identified, and an artificial neural network was trained to distinguish contaminated from uncontaminated corn by pattern recognition. Work is in progress to integrate epidemiological information about cereal crop fungal disease into the pattern recognition program to produce a more knowledge-based, and hence more reliable and specific, technique. A model of a hierarchically organized expert system is proposed, using epidemiological factors such as corn variety, plant stress and susceptibility to infection, geographic location, weather, insect vectors, and handling and storage conditions, in addition to the analytical data, to predict A. flavus and other kinds of toxigenic fungal contamination that might be present in food grains. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gordon, SH AU - Wheeler, B C AU - Schudy, R B AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - detection KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Fungi KW - Mycotoxins KW - Zea mays KW - Grain KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Sampling+a+poisonous+plant+population%3A+Quantifying+toxic+alkaloids+in+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29+leaves&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Grain; Fungi; Mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A representative microbial sampling method for large commercial containers of raw beef based on purge AN - 16543269; 4350645 AB - The purge from beef combos (a boxed collection of beef trimmings) was tested as a means of representatively sampling the microbial content of this raw product. In the first experiment, purge was sampled from model beef combos that had been inoculated with bovine feces. Data from this experiment indicated a strong correlation (r = 0.94) between the total aerobic bacteria counts derived from the purge samples of a model beef combo and the total aerobic bacteria present in a rinse sample of the entire model beef combo. In a second experiment, two 500-g meat pieces were inoculated with an antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and placed at various levels within a 75-cm meat column. The marked bacteria were retrievable from the purge of the meat column after 24 h, showing that bacteria are carried downward into the purge. During the third part of the study, 90 beef combos ( similar to 900 kg beef/combo) were randomly selected at the receiving dock of a commercial grinding facility and sampled using both purge and concurrently used 11-g core samples. Purge samples from these combos recovered significantly greater numbers of mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli than core samples from the same combos. Additionally, coliforms and E. coli were recoverable from 100% and 80%, respectively, of the purge samples taken, whereas core samples were only able to recover 60% and 40%, respectively, from the same combos. These findings indicate that a purge sample from a beef combo is a more efficacious sampling method for determining the general bacterial profile and identifying the presence of coliforms and E. coli than randomly taken core samples. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933-166, USA, dorsa@marcvm.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 162 EP - 165 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Bacteria KW - Beef KW - Counting methods KW - Microorganisms KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+representative+microbial+sampling+method+for+large+commercial+containers+of+raw+beef+based+on+purge&rft.au=Dorsa%2C+W+J%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Dorsa&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beef; Microorganisms; Bacteria; Meat; Counting methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate-N distribution and trends in shallow groundwater on an eastern coastal plains watershed AN - 16537014; 4402457 AB - Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture has been a major concern, particularly where intensive agricultural operations exist near environmentally sensitive waters. To address these nonpoint source pollution concerns, a Water Quality Demonstration Project (WQDP) was initiated on the Herrings Marsh Run (HMR) watershed in Duplin County, North Carolina. The WQDP was implemented to determine water quality benefits from voluntary adoption of improved management practices. In the WQDP, 84 groundwater monitoring well sites were established on 21 farms selected to represent the major farming practices on the watershed. On the HMR watershed, nitrate-N contamination of groundwater was not a wide spread problem. Seventy-four percent of the groundwater monitoring sites had nitrate-N less than the drinking water standard of 10 mg/L. Mean nitrate-N concentrations were below 10 mg/L on 16 of the 21 farms. Of the four farms with nitrate-N exceeding 10 mg/L, one farm had mean nitrate-N that exceeded 20 mg/L. This farm had an undersized and overloaded swine wastewater spray field. After the spray field was expanded and application rates were reduced, groundwater nitrate-N concentrations declined; but they continued to exceed 20 mg/L. Other farms with swine waste spray fields had mean groundwater nitrate-N concentrations <20 mg/L throughout the study period. Groundwater nitrate-N concentrations under row crops were <10 mg/L on all but two farms. Three of the four farms with nitrate-N concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L were in a subwatershed of the HMR that had the highest concentration of animal waste application and excess nitrogen applied. Of the 21 farms, three farms had a significant increasing trend in groundwater nitrate-N while four farms had a significant decreasing trend. The overloaded swine wastewater spray field had a significant decreasing nitrate-N trend. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Johnson, M H AU - Matheny, T A AD - USDA ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 59 EP - 64 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - swine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Water pollution sources KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty. KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Animal wastes KW - Nitrates KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Wells KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Monitoring KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16537014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Nitrate-N+distribution+and+trends+in+shallow+groundwater+on+an+eastern+coastal+plains+watershed&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BMatheny%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Animal wastes; Nitrates; Agricultural pollution; Groundwater pollution; Monitoring; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Wells; Nonpoint pollution; Water pollution sources; Nonpoint pollution sources; USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ecoregional approach to the economic valuation of land- and water-based recreation in the United States AN - 16534212; 4408651 AB - This paper describes a framework for estimating the economic value of outdoor recreation across different ecoregions. Ten ecoregions in the continental United States were defined based on similarly functioning ecosystem characters. The individual travel cost method was employed to estimate recreation demand functions for activities such as motor boating and waterskiing, developed and primitive camping, coldwater fishing, sightseeing and pleasure driving, and big game hunting for each ecoregion. While our ecoregional approach differs conceptually from previous work, our results appear consistent with the previous travel cost method valuation studies. JF - Environmental Management AU - Bhat, G AU - Bergstrom, J AU - Teasley, R J AU - Bowker, J M AU - Cordell, H K AD - USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 69 EP - 77 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - economics KW - resource management KW - resources management KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16534212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Economic+impacts+of+guided+whitewater+rafting%3A+A+study+of+five+rivers&rft.au=English%2C+DBK%3BBowker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=DBK&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A search for resistance in peas to Mycosphaerella pinodes AN - 16532926; 4297976 AB - In 1991, 1992, and 1994, 2,936 accessions of Pisum sativum from the USDA Plant Introduction collection were screened under field conditions for resistance to Mycosphaerella pinodes without replication due to seed supply. These trials were conducted at the Oak Park Research Station at Carlow, Ireland, where conditions are highly favorable for disease expression. In 1995, the 157 most resistant accessions were again screened at Carlow and at the Food and Crops Research Station at Gore, New Zealand, in replicated trials. At both locations, disease was severe and ranged from 20 to 100% foliar blight. Five accessions were as resistant as the commercial cultivar Radley at both locations: PI 142441, PI 142442, PI 381132, PI 404221, and PI 413691. No accessions were more resistant than the cultivar Radley. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kraft, J M AU - Dunne, B AU - Goulden, D AU - Armstrong, S AD - Supervisory Research Plant Pathologist, USDA/ARS/PWA, Prosser, WA 99350, USA, jkraft@tricity.wsu.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 251 EP - 253 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pea KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant protection KW - Mycosphaerella pinodes KW - Disease resistance KW - Pisum sativum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+chimeric+Theiler%27s+murine+encephalomyelitis+virus+containing+the+leader+gene+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus&rft.au=Piccone%2C+ME%3BChen%2C+H-H%3BRoos%2C+R+P%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Piccone&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycosphaerella pinodes; Pisum sativum; Plant protection; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating migration mortality of atlantic salmon smolts in the Merrimack River AN - 16528181; 4335397 AB - Successful restoration of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to New England rivers involves the identification and management of mortality sources at different life history stages. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mortality during migration on Atlantic salmon smolts exiting the Merrimack River. Our objective was to review data pertaining to smolt production, migration, passage at hydroelectric facilities, and predation in the Merrimack River and construct a simulation model of smolt migration. We constructed a migration model incorporating riverflow-based decision rules affecting migration rate, delay at dams, dam passage mortality, and migration mortality. Mean model estimates of in-river survival ranged from 0.7% to 23.5%. Estimated transit times generally increased in migration scenarios in which smolts began migration later in the season; beginning migration later in the season also resulted in lower in-river survival. The model was evaluated by comparing records of returns of two-seawinter adults to the Merrimack River to a likely range of marine survival rates. For 9 of 14 smolt years, model estimates for the number of smolts exiting the river were comparable with the range of smolt output necessary to achieve the corresponding adult returns. Model estimates of in-river survival that fell below the the lower threshold for 5 of the 14 smolt years could be explained in part by relatively high marine survival experienced by these cohorts. We argue that this model can have important applications in population assessment, river management, and salmon restoration. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Gries, G AU - Juanes, F AU - Friedland, K D AU - Stolte, L W AU - McKeon, J F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, nwrcsanduskyrbcg.com Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 31 EP - 45 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Atlantic salmon KW - Mortality KW - mathematical models KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Population characteristics KW - Brackish KW - Developmental stages KW - Freshwater KW - Migration KW - Salmo salar KW - Models KW - Salmon fisheries KW - Fishery management KW - Migratory species KW - USA, New Hampshire, Merrimack R. KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16528181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Simulating+migration+mortality+of+atlantic+salmon+smolts+in+the+Merrimack+River&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BGries%2C+G%3BJuanes%2C+F%3BFriedland%2C+K+D%3BStolte%2C+L+W%3BMcKeon%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmon fisheries; Mortality; Migratory species; Population characteristics; Fishery management; Developmental stages; Models; Migration; Salmo salar; USA, New Hampshire, Merrimack R.; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I: Model development AN - 16521988; 4306521 AB - A conceptual, continuous time model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed to assist water resource managers in assessing the impact of management on water supplies and nonpoint source pollution in watersheds and large river basins. The model is currently being utilized in several large area projects by EPA, NOAA, NRCS and others to estimate the off-site impacts of climate and management on water use, nonpoint source loadings, and pesticide contamination. Model development, operation, limitations, and assumptions are discussed and components of the model are described. In Part II, a GIS input/output interface is presented along with model validation on three basins within the Upper Trinity basin in Texas. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Arnold, J G AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Muttiah, R S AU - Williams, J R AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502, USA, arnoldrcsuno.tamu.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 73 EP - 89 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Texas, Trinity R. KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Catchment basins KW - Hydrologic models KW - River basins KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Water supply KW - Water quality control KW - Water use KW - Water management KW - Environment management KW - Pollution control KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Large+area+hydrologic+modeling+and+assessment.+Part+I%3A+Model+development&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BMuttiah%2C+R+S%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Water use; Water management; Water resources; River basins; Watersheds; Environment management; Pollution control; Water supply; Nonpoint pollution; Catchment basins; Hydrologic models; USA, Texas, Trinity R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stem-tip inoculation of alfalfa with Sclerotinia trifoliorum: II. Performance of S sub(1) and F sub(1) progenies from resistant and susceptible selections AN - 16521417; 4342424 AB - Two types of resistance responses have been identified on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for Sclerotinia crown and stem rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum (Eriks) following a stem-tip inoculation. A plant with the Type 1 resistance stops the lengthening of necrotic region on the stem about eight days after inoculation, but a plant with the Type 2 resistance continues slow expansion of necrotic region for the duration of the 14 d test. This research determined the levels of resistance in progenies from crosses of selections with same and different types of resistance to Sclerotinia, from crosses of resistant and susceptible selections, and from self-fertilization of selections. The daily development of disease was measured from four to 14 d after inoculation on progenies from a diallel of six resistant selections and from a factorial cross of four resistant and four susceptible selections. The crosses among selections with Type 1 resistance produced progenies only with Type 1 resistance. Crosses of selections with Type 1 and Type 2 resistance produced four progenies with Type 1 resistance and four progenies with Type 2 resistance. Selfing the four selections with Type 1 resistance resulted in three progenies with Type 1 resistance and one with Type 2 resistance. Crosses of susceptible plants and those with Type 1 resistance resulted in low levels of Type 2 resistance. Selfing generally decreased the level of resistance in the resistant selections. For development of synthetic varieties, parents should be selected with high levels of Type 1 resistance and for self-sterility. JF - Crop Science AU - Halimi, E S AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Science Res. Lab., Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, derfru@ra.msstate.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+modeling+of+partial+canopy%2Fresidue-covered+fields&rft.au=Farahani%2C+HJ%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Farahani&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and disruption of the beta -isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene (LEU2) of Pichia stipitis with URA3 and recovery of the double auxotroph AN - 16513112; 4342761 AB - Transformation of Pichia stipitis is required to advance genetic studies and development of xylose metabolism in this yeast. To this end, we used P. stipitis URA3 (PsURA3) to disrupt P. stipitis LEU2 in a P. stipitis ura3 mutant. A highly fermentative P. stipitis mutant (FPL-DX26) was selected for resistance to 5'-fluoroorotic acid to obtain P. stipitis FPL-UC7 (ura3-3). A URA3:lacZ "pop-out" cassette was constructed containing PsURA3 flanked by direct repeats from segments of the lacZ reading frame. The P. stipitis LEU2 gene (PsLEU2) was cloned from a P. stipitis CBS 6054 genomic library through homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEU2, and a disruption cassette was constructed by replacing the PsLEU2 reading sequence with the PsURA3:lacZ cassette. FPL-UC7 (ura3-3) was transformed with the disruption cassette, and a site-specific integrant was identified by selecting for the Leu super(-) Ura super(+) phenotype. The ura3 marker was recovered from this strain by plating cells onto 5'-fluoroorotate and screening for spontaneous URA3 deletion mutants. Excision of the flanked PsURA3 gene resulted in the Leu super(-) Ura super(-) phenotype. The double auxotrophs are stable and can be transformed at a high frequency by PsLEU2 or PsURA3 carried on autonomous-replication-sequence-based plasmids. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Lu, P AU - Davis, B P AU - Hendrick, J AU - Jeffries, T W AD - USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 141 EP - 146 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase KW - LEU2 gene KW - URA3 gene KW - beta -Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase KW - beta -isopropylmalate dehydrogenase KW - auxotrophy KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16513112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+disruption+of+the+beta+-isopropylmalate+dehydrogenase+gene+%28LEU2%29+of+Pichia+stipitis+with+URA3+and+recovery+of+the+double+auxotroph&rft.au=Lu%2C+P%3BDavis%2C+B+P%3BHendrick%2C+J%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bed-level adjustments in the Arno River, central Italy AN - 16512583; 4302474 AB - Two distinct phases of bed-level adjustment over the past 150 years are identified for the principal alluvial reaches of the Arno River (Upper Valdarno and Lower Valdarno). The planimetric configuration of the river in these reaches is the result of a series of hydraulic works (canalization, rectification, artificial cut-offs, etc.) carried out particularly between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Subsequently, a series of interventions at basin level (construction of weirs, variations in land use), intense instream gravel-mining after World War II, and the construction of two dams on the Arno River, caused widespread degradation of the streambed. Since about 1900, total lowering of the channel bed is typically between 2 and 4 m in the Upper Valdarno Reach and between 5 and 8 m in some areas of the Lower Valdarno Reach. Bed-level adjustments with time are analyzed for a large number of cross-sections and described by an exponential-decay function. This analysis identified the existence of two main phases of lowering: the first, triggered at the end of the past century; the second, triggered in the interval 1945-1960 and characterized by more intense degradation of the streambed. The first phase derived from changes in land-use and land-management practices. The second phase is the result of the superimposition of two factors: intense instream mining of gravel, and the construction of the Levane and La Penna dams. JF - Geomorphology AU - Rinaldi, M AU - Simon, A AD - USDA - Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 57 EP - 71 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - Italy, Arno R. KW - river beds KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Man-induced effects KW - Coal KW - Freshwater KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Alluvial channels KW - Dams KW - Gravel KW - Coal mining KW - Land use KW - Erosion KW - Channel flow KW - Human factors KW - Mining KW - River beds KW - Q2 09263:Topography and morphology KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16512583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Bed-level+adjustments+in+the+Arno+River%2C+central+Italy&rft.au=Rinaldi%2C+M%3BSimon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rinaldi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulic structures; Erosion; Channel flow; Gravel; Degradation; Dams; Man-induced effects; Mining; Coal; Land use; River beds; Human factors; Alluvial channels; Coal mining; Italy, Arno R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical electromagnetic survey methods applied to agricultural waste sites AN - 16505531; 4410760 AB - This paper reports the use of electromagnetic (EM) instrumentation for surveying agronomic and waste treatment sites at locations previously profiled by soil coring for evaluation of nutrients in the soil profile. Surveys were made using a geophysical EM instrument capable of measuring conductivity 3 to 6 m below the surface of the ground with horizontal or vertical polarization. Two specific sites were analyzed to evaluate the effects of management practices: (i) An animal waste composting site with one section in use since 1985 and with expanded operation to another section in 1989 and (ii) A waste storage pond (operational in 1973) holding precipitation runoff from a cattle feedlot. Correlation analysis between the EM conductivity measurements and chemical analysis at both sites (concentrations of NH sub(4) super(+), NO sub(3) super(-), CL super(-), and P) show significant (P < 0.05) correlations for the ions while P did not show a significant correlation. The EM measures were able to distinguish the 6-yr-old site from the 10-yr-old site (P < 0.05). The results indicate that EM methods provide useful information for shallow subsurface surveys of livestock waste management facilities. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Eigenberg, R A AU - Korthals, R L AU - Nienaber, JA AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 215 EP - 219 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16505531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Secondary+carbonates+in+three+fine+and+fine-loamy+Alfisols+in+Michigan&rft.au=Schaetzl%2C+Randall+J%3BFrederick%2C+William+E%3BTornes%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Schaetzl&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing soil phosphorus solubility with coal combustion by-products AN - 16503485; 4410766 AB - In the northeast USA, most soil samples analyzed for soil test P (STP) in 1990 exceeded P levels needed for plant production. Converting soil P to less soluble forms with applications of materials containing lime or Ca may reduce the release of soil P to runoff. We investigated the effect of several coal combustion by-products on STP (Bray-1 and Mehlich-III), water extractable P, and equilibrium P concentration (EPC sub(0)) of high P soils. Three widely available by-products were used: fluidized bed combustion flyash (FBC), flue gas desulfurization by-product (FGD), and pulverized coal flyash (PC). In a by-product type and rate experiment, a Berks soil with high STP was incubated for 21 d with each by-product (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 g kg soil super(-1)). The highest rates of FBC and FGD reduced Mehlich-III P (45%), Bray-I P (50%), water extractable P (72%) and EPC sub(0) (37%). The PC had no effect on soil P solubility due to the addition of P with this by-product. For eight soils ranging in physical and chemical properties, FBC at 10 g kg soil super(-1) reduced Mehlich-III P 13%, and water-extractable P 71%, while FGD reduced Mehlich-III P 8% and water-extractable P 48%. These reductions resulted from the conversion of readily desorbable soil P to less soluble Ca-bound or Al- and Fe-bound pools. Amending high P soils with FBC or FGD by-products has the potential to reduce P enrichment of runoff by decreasing the solubility of soil P without reducing STP below optimum levels for plant growth. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Stout, W L AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Pionke, H B AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 111 EP - 118 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Northeast KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16503485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Reducing+soil+phosphorus+solubility+with+coal+combustion+by-products&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BPionke%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation of a radiocesium-contaminated soil: Evaluation of cesium-137 bioaccumulation in the shoots of three plant species AN - 16498679; 4410761 AB - A field study was conducted to investigate the potential of three plant species for phytoremediation of a super(137)Cs-contaminated site. Approximately 40-fold more super(137)Cs was removed from the contaminated soil in shoots of red root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) than in those of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern] and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray). The greater potential for super(137)Cs removal from the soil by A. retroflexus was associated with both high concentration of super(137)Cs in shoots and high shoot biomass production. Approximately 3% of the total super(137)Cs was removed from the top 15 cm of the soil (which contained most of the soil radiocesium) in shoots of 3-mo-old A. retroflexus plants. Soil leaching tests conducted with 0.1 and 0.5 M NH sub(4)NO sub(3) solutions eluted as much as 15 and 19%, respectively, of the soil super(137)Cs. Addition of NH sub(4)NO sub(3) to the soil, however, had no positive effect on super(137)Cs accumulation in shoots in any of the species investigated. It is proposed that either NH sub(4)NO sub(3) solution quickly percolated through the soil before interacting at specific super(137)Cs binding sites or radiocesium mobilized by NH sub(4)NO sub(3) application moved below the rhizosphere, becoming unavailable for root uptake. Further research is required to optimize the phytotransfer of the NH sub(4)NO sub(3)-mobilized super(137)Cs. With two croppings of A. retroflexus per year and a sustained rate of extraction, phytoremediation of this super(137)Cs-contaminated soil appears feasible in <15 yr. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lasat, M M AU - Fuhrmann, M AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Cornish, JE AU - Kochian, LV AD - USDA-ARS, Plant, Soil and Nutr. Lab., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 165 EP - 169 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Amaranthus retroflexus KW - Brassica juncea KW - Phaseolus acutifolius KW - ammonium nitrate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16498679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+a+radiocesium-contaminated+soil%3A+Evaluation+of+cesium-137+bioaccumulation+in+the+shoots+of+three+plant+species&rft.au=Lasat%2C+M+M%3BFuhrmann%2C+M%3BEbbs%2C+S+D%3BCornish%2C+JE%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Lasat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Test cases for canal control algorithms AN - 16457913; 4366164 AB - The ASCE Task Committee on Canal Automation Algorithms developed a series of test cases to test the general suitability of canal-control scheme logic. The primary intent of these tests is preliminary screening of various feedback control methods. The testing is to be performed with an unsteady-flow simulation model. Two test canals are presented, representing extremes in hydraulic properties. For each, two test scenarios are presented to cover a range of flow conditions. For each test there are both known-anticipated and unknown-unanticipated changes in offtake flows. Each test is run twice, once for the hydraulic conditions under which the controller was tuned and once for a slightly different set of hydraulic conditions. The latter tests determine how the algorithm will respond with imperfect information and over time as properties change. Recommendations are given on how to present the results of these test cases and the associated set of performance indicators or measures. Some representative test results are also provided for one test case. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Kacerek, T F AU - Grawitz, B AU - Schuurmans, W AD - U.S. Water Conservation Lab., USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 23 EP - 30 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - ASCE KW - test cases KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Test+cases+for+canal+control+algorithms&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BKacerek%2C+T+F%3BGrawitz%2C+B%3BSchuurmans%2C+W&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roughness of loose rock riprap on steep slopes AN - 16449092; 4348708 AB - A study was conducted to determine the roughness of rock riprap laid on steep slopes. Tests were conducted in a 1.07 m wide flume and two 2.74 m wide field-scale structures using angular riprap with median diameters D sub(50) ranging from 52 to 278 mm and bed slopes S sub(0) ranging from 0.028 to 0.333 m/m. Empirical relationships were developed to predict the Manning roughness coefficient as a function of D sub(50) and S sub(0). The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor was predicted as a function of d/D sub(84), the relative submergence. Newly developed equations are applicable for riprap placed on slopes from 2.8%-33%. Roughness coefficients calculated using the developed equations were compared with roughness coefficients calculated using equations developed from observations on natural mountain streams. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Rice, CE AU - Kadavy, K C AU - Robinson, K M AD - Hydr. Eng., Hydr. Eng. Res. Unit, USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 124 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Riprap KW - Roughness KW - Roughness coefficient KW - Testing procedures KW - Rocks KW - Flumes KW - Mathematical equations KW - Submergence KW - Slopes (topography) KW - Slopes KW - Q2 09165:Benthic boundary layer KW - SW 6050:Rock mechanics and geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16449092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Roughness+of+loose+rock+riprap+on+steep+slopes&rft.au=Rice%2C+CE%3BKadavy%2C+K+C%3BRobinson%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Riprap; Flumes; Rocks; Roughness; Submergence; Slopes (topography); Testing procedures; Mathematical equations; Roughness coefficient; Slopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor- alpha in pregnant cattle after intravenous or subcutaneous vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 16444708; 4345789 AB - Objective - To determine the influence of brucellosis vaccination on tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ) concentrations in pregnant cattle and the possible role of the bovine placenta in TNF- alpha production. Animals - Polled Hereford heifers obtained from a nonvaccinated, brucellosis-free herd and bred at 16 to 27 months at age. All cattle were seronegative for Brucella abortus by results of the standard tube agglutination test. Procedure - At 6 months' gestation, cattle were vaccinated IV with B abortus strain RB51 (n = 10), SC with B abortus strain RB51 (n = 5), or SC with B abortus strain 19 (n = 5); controls received pyrogen-free saline solution SC (n = 2). Blood samples were collected periodically for TNF- alpha assays. At necropsy, 8 to 12 weeks after vaccination, placental fluids and fetal blood were collected for TNF- alpha analysis and placental tissues were collected for immunohistochemical detection of TNF- alpha . Results - Radioimmunoassays indicated no increase in TNF- alpha concentration in blood from IV or SC vaccinated cattle, compared with controls. Similarly, TNF- alpha concentrations in amniotic and allantoic fluids from SC vaccinated cattle were not different from values for controls. Although only IV vaccinated cattle developed placentitis, immunohistochemical analysis for TNF- alpha revealed increased immunoreactivity within placental trophoblastic epithelial cells of SC and IV vaccinated cattle. Conclusions - SC vaccination for prevention of brucellosis, using recommended adult dosages, does not result in increase of TNF- alpha concentration in plasma, serum, or placental fluids; however, vaccination of pregnant cattle stimulates trophoblastic epithelial cells to express TNF- alpha , although the physiologic and quantitative importance of this expression remains unknown. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Palmer, M V AU - Elsasser, TH AU - Cheville, N F AD - Zoonotic Dis. Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 153 EP - 156 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - brucellosis KW - cattle KW - endotoxins KW - serological tests KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - vaccination KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16444708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor-+alpha+in+pregnant+cattle+after+intravenous+or+subcutaneous+vaccination+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BElsasser%2C+TH%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat selection by northern spotted owls: The consequences of prey selection and distribution AN - 16440889; 4339313 AB - We tested three predictions of a hypothesis that states Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) select habitat according to the distribution of their primary prey. Our predictions were that Northern Spotted Owls should (1) select larger (> 100 g) species among the assemblage of available prey, (2) select habitats according to the distribution of large prey, and (3) the owl's reproductive success should be influenced by the availability of large prey. We also evaluated the potential energetic value of several prey species. We found that Northern Spotted Owls (n = 11 pairs and 1 single male) in northwestern California differentially selected the dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), a moderately large sigmodontine rodent (x mass = 232 g). When foraging, owls selected late seral forest edge sites where dusky-footed woodrats were more abundant. Although the relationship between site selection, prey abundance, and the owl's breeding success was not statistically significant, the average abundance of dusky-footed woodrats at sites foraged by breeding owls (x = 11.4 woodrats 100-trap-nights super(-1)) was greater than at sites foraged by nonbreeding owls (x = 4.7 woodrats 100-trap-nights super(-1)). We estimated that a male Spotted Owl would require 150,015 to 336,232 kJ over a 153-day period while helping to produce one young, and concluded that the selection of woodrats provided a potential energetic benefit over the use of other prey. These findings provide a partial explanation for the owl's affinity for late seral forests. JF - Condor AU - Ward, JP Jr AU - Gutierrez, R J AU - Noon, B R AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Res. Stn., c/o Lincoln Natl. Forest Supervisor's Office, 1101 New York Ave., Alamogordo, NM 88310, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 79 EP - 92 VL - 100 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - USA, California KW - brood care KW - energetics KW - food selection KW - habitat selection KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Habitat+selection+by+northern+spotted+owls%3A+The+consequences+of+prey+selection+and+distribution&rft.au=Ward%2C+JP+Jr%3BGutierrez%2C+R+J%3BNoon%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GLEAMS simulation of groundwater nitrate-N from row crop and swine wastewater spray fields in the eastern coastal plain AN - 16438063; 4340020 AB - Nonpoint source pollution of surface and groundwater resulting from agricultural management practices is a major water quality problem. This problem was assessed on a demonstration watershed in the Cape Fear River Basin of North Carolina, during a five-year study. Groundwater was monitored in a row crop field (corn/wheat/soybean) and a swine waste spray field (Coastal bermuda grass). Groundwater nitrate-N concentrations averaged 6.5 mg/L in the row crop field. Nitrate-N concentrations in groundwater at the swine waste spray field exceeded 80 mg/L. Nitrate-N concentrations were simulated in both fields with the GLEAMS model. The GLEAMS model simulated groundwater nitrate-N concentrations with mean residuals (simulated-observed) plus or minus 1.3 mg/L and plus or minus 19 mg/L, respectively, for the row crop and the swine waste spray field. Groundwater nitrate-N concentrations have been reduced in the spray field by using improved management practices and the GLEAMS model simulated this nitrate-N concentration reduction. These simulation results show that the GLEAMS model can be used to predict nitrate-N loading of groundwater of these agricultural management systems. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Johnson, M H AU - Coffey, S W AD - USDA ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 51 EP - 57 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16438063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=GLEAMS+simulation+of+groundwater+nitrate-N+from+row+crop+and+swine+wastewater+spray+fields+in+the+eastern+coastal+plain&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BCoffey%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed germination regulation and field seed bank carryover in shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia: Chenopodiaceae) AN - 16436461; 4339319 AB - In laboratory germination studies with 15 collections of Atriplex confertifolia, a dominant shrub of North American salt deserts, we found that seeds were dormant and largely unresponsive to chilling at dispersal but became chilling-responsive through dry after-ripening. Collections from warm desert habitats were more chilling-responsive and after-ripened more rapidly than those from cold desert habitats. In a field seed bank experiment, germination did not take place until the second spring, and 30% of the seeds remained viable and ungerminated after five springs. Cold desert collections showed highest seed bank carryover. Spring germination and seed bank carryover across years are important aspects of shadscale life history. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Meyer, SE AU - Carlson, S L AU - Garvin, S C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Shrub Sci. Lab., 735 N. 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 255 EP - 267 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - chilling KW - dormancy KW - germinability KW - seed banks KW - seeds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Seed+germination+regulation+and+field+seed+bank+carryover+in+shadscale+%28Atriplex+confertifolia%3A+Chenopodiaceae%29&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BCarlson%2C+S+L%3BGarvin%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root distribution following spatial separation of water and nitrogen supply in furrow irrigated corn AN - 16430857; 4332816 AB - Proper management of water and fertilizer placement in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) has the potential to reduce nitrate leaching into the groundwater. Potential management practices tested in a two year field experiment included row or furrow fertilizer placement combined with every or alternate furrow irrigation. To understand how fertilizer availability to plants could be affected by these management practices, root growth and distribution in a Ulm clay loam soil were examined. Spring rains were greater than normal in both years providing adequate moisture for early root growth in both irrigated and non-irrigated furrows. As the non-irrigated furrow began to dry, root biomass increased as much as 126% compared with the irrigated furrow. The greatest increase was at lower depths, however, where moisture was still plentiful. When early season moisture was available, roots proliferated throughout the soil profile and quickly became available to take up fertilizer N in both irrigated and non-irrigated furrows. Root growth responded positively to fertilizer placement in the furrow in 1996 but not in 1995. Excessive N leaching in 1995 may have limited the response to fertilizer N. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Skinner, R H AU - Hanson, J D AU - Benjamin, J G AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research Unit, 301 S. Howes, P.O. Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA, skinner@gpsr.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998/02/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 01 SP - 187 EP - 194 VL - 199 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16430857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Root+distribution+following+spatial+separation+of+water+and+nitrogen+supply+in+furrow+irrigated+corn&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BBenjamin%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of galacturonic acid and pectin-rich materials to ethanol by genetically modified strains of Erwinia AN - 16425172; 4320633 AB - Evaluation of the four ethanologenic constructs of bacteria in the genus Erwinia indicates that two strains E. chrysanthemi EC16 and E. carotovora SR38 show promise for development of direct hydrolysis and fermentation of pectin-rich substrates to mixtures of ethanol and acetate. Both strains fermented glucose to ethanol in nearly theoretical yields, but produced mainly acetate and ethanol by fermentation of D-galacturonic acid. Both strains depolymerized citrus pectin, polygalacturonic acid and polysaccharides in citrus peel and converted resulting sugars to carbon dioxide, acetate, ethanol and lesser amounts of formate and succinate. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Grohmann, K AU - Manthey, JA AU - Cameron, R G AU - Buslig, B S AD - USDA, ARS, SAA, Citrus and Subtropical Products Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 1909, Winter Haven, FL, 33883-1909, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - fermentation KW - galacturonic acid KW - genetic engineering KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+galacturonic+acid+and+pectin-rich+materials+to+ethanol+by+genetically+modified+strains+of+Erwinia&rft.au=Grohmann%2C+K%3BManthey%2C+JA%3BCameron%2C+R+G%3BBuslig%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Grohmann&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of L-lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae under oxygen limiting conditions AN - 16422912; 4320632 AB - Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. During aerobic growth, Rhizopus oryzae produces L-lactic acid from lactate dehydrogenase mediated reduction of pyruvate, while O sub(2) limiting conditions yield primarily ethanol. A mutant was isolated that expressed only 5% of the wild type alcohol dehydrogenase activity under O sub(2) limiting conditions and produced nearly 40 g lactic acid/l in 70 h. This is almost a ten-fold increase in lactic acid production when compared to the parent strain. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Skory, C D AU - Freer, S N AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 191 EP - 194 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - L-lactic acid KW - lactic acid KW - limitation KW - oxygen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Substitution+of+cottonseed+meal+for+marine+animal+protein+in+diets+for+Penaeus+vannamei&rft.au=Lim%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shoot feeding and overwintering behavior of Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Implications for management and regulation AN - 16353147; 4295715 AB - An accurate and efficient survey method is essential to ensure the proper regulatory and management decisions for Tomicus piniperda (L.), a recent bark beetle invader in the United States. The life cycle and cryptic habits of T. piniperda make its detection difficult. T. piniperda adults feed in shoots in the summer, overwinter in the bark at the base of live pine trees, then oviposit into galleries in the bark of dead or dying trees. In 1992 and 1993, we characterized shoot damage and overwintering behavior of T. piniperda in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Shoot-feeding tunnels of T. piniperda were detectable in 7.4% of the shoots of Scots pine trees, Pinus sylvestris, sampled in northern Ohio in early October 1992. Adults of T. piniperda fed primarily in the upper third of the tree crowns. Live T. piniperda adults were present in the majority of shoots that exhibited discolored needles and drooping shoots. However, many shoots with T. piniperda adults present exhibited no visible symptoms of attack. In early October, live adults were more common in tunnels constructed in current-year shoots than in 1-yr-old shoots. Scots, white (P. strobus), red (P. resinosa), and Austrian (P. nigra) pines attacked by T. piniperda developed yellow and brown needles, accompanied by drooping shoots only in Scots and white pines. In 1992 and 1993, the departure of T. piniperda adults from Scots pine shoots to their overwintering sites was correlated with subfreezing temperatures during late October through December. Bolts of Scots, white, and Austrian pines were readily used by T. piniperda for overwintering sites, but bolts of blue spruce were not. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Kauffman, W C AU - Waltz, R D AU - Cummings, R B AD - Niles Plant Prot. Cent., USDA-APHIS, PPQ, 2534 South 11th St., Niles, MI 49120-4315, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 182 EP - 190 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - USA KW - feeding behavior KW - overwintering KW - pest control KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16353147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Shoot+feeding+and+overwintering+behavior+of+Tomicus+piniperda+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29%3A+Implications+for+management+and+regulation&rft.au=Kauffman%2C+W+C%3BWaltz%2C+R+D%3BCummings%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Kauffman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A uniform versus an aggregated water balance of a semi-arid watershed AN - 16346291; 4292240 AB - Hydrologists have long struggled with the problem of how to account for the effects of spatial variability in precipitation, vegetation and soils. This problem is particularly acute in snow-fed, semi-arid watersheds, which typically have considerable variability in snow distribution and vegetation communities on scales much smaller than that addressed by most hydrological modelling. In this study, two approaches were used to compute a water balance using two years of data collected at the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed, a 26-ha semi-arid mountainous sub-basin within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in south-west Idaho, USA. The first water balance approach (uniform approach) assumed that the entire watershed was homogeneous; the second approach computed a partial water balance for each of three landscape units and then computed an aggregated water balance for the watershed. Runoff and change in groundwater storage were not distinguishable between landscape units; thus, the only difference between the two approaches was in the estimation of the two major components, precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). Precipitation, which occurs predominantly as snow, was measured within each landscape unit directly and adjusted for drifting. ET was estimated using the simultaneous heat and water model (SHAW) and validated with measurements from Bowen ratio instruments. Precipitation input for the two years was approximately 480 and 700 mm, respectively; ET was approximately 450 and 410 mm, respectively. The water balance for the aggregated approach had a discrepancy of -17 and 55 mm, respectively for the two years, while the uniform approach was within 42 and 86 mm, respectively. (Negative values indicate more estimated outflow than inflow.) The differences in precipitation estimates for the two approaches were greatest for the second year owing to more variability across the watershed, which the uniform approach did not adequately address. The largest difference between the aggregated and uniform approach for both years was the estimated ET. This was attributed to the inability of the uniform approach to associate areas of the watershed having more vegetation and leaf area with areas having soil water available for transpiration. Differences in ET estimates for the two approaches were least during the second year when water was less limiting and potential ET was less. This suggests that ET can be aggregated more easily when water is not limiting using the average leaf area index independently of the spatial variability in leaf area. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Cooley, K R AU - Hanson, CL AU - Seyfried AD - Northwest Watershed Res. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Boise, ID 83712, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water budget KW - Snow KW - Arid environments KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Precipitation KW - Watersheds KW - Soil water KW - USA, Idaho KW - Semiarid lands KW - Hydrologic budget KW - Hydrologic models KW - Q2 09144:Regional studies, expeditions and data reports KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=A+uniform+versus+an+aggregated+water+balance+of+a+semi-arid+watershed&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BCooley%2C+K+R%3BHanson%2C+CL%3BSeyfried&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Snow; Water budget; Arid environments; Evapotranspiration; Watersheds; Semiarid lands; Precipitation; Hydrologic budget; Soil water; Hydrologic models; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric ammonia: Issues on transport and nitrogen isotope measurement AN - 16340320; 4306406 AB - Isotopes of nitrogen ( super(15)N) have been used to evaluate N transport in soil plant systems, but these studies generally ignore the atmospheric component of N balance. Recent studies of atmospheric ammonia (NH sub(3)) transport have shown the gaseous N component can be significant due to emission and absorption exchanges with the atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to review measurements of atmospheric N cycling made by ourselves and others, and investigate how atmospheric transport may influence the conclusions of isotopic N studies. Soil and plant N transport were studied using super(15)N while simultaneously measuring net atmospheric NH sub(3) transport using micrometeorological techniques. Simultaneous super(15)N and micrometeorological studies have shown significant gaseous NH sub(3) losses from soils and plants as well as the potential for significant NH sub(3) absorption. These measurements have shown N transport measured by the two techniques to agree closely when there was no plant activity (during drought). With plant activity, and the associated substitution of super(15)N in the plant by super(14)N from atmospheric NH sub(3), NH sub(3) losses measured by super(15)N were 2 to 6 times larger than net NH sub(3) losses measured by micrometeorological techniques. Although super(15)N studies are valuable for comparison of treatments, caution must be exercised in the use of isotopes where isotope exchange between the plant and atmosphere has not been taken into consideration. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Harper, LA AU - Sharpe, R R AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experimental Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 273 EP - 277 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - transport processes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16340320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+ammonia%3A+Issues+on+transport+and+nitrogen+isotope+measurement&rft.au=Harper%2C+LA%3BSharpe%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring spatial displacement of Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae) populations pressured by repellent-treated harborages AN - 16289756; 4300768 AB - Spatial statistical analysis was used to compare and quantify the distribution of German cockroaches among harborages before and after application of a repellent solution to those encompassing at least 85% of the cumulative distribution. Trials consisted of 16 yellow laminated Plexiglas harborages (7.5 by 7.5 cm) in (1.2 by 1.2 m) arenas, and concurrent studies involving 49 harborages in a room 6 by 8 m. Results in arena and room trials were similar. In rooms under a photoperiod or continuous lighting conditions, harborages cumulatively encompassing 89-95% of the population (18 or 19 of 49 harborages) each were treated with a formulation containing 2% n-methyl neodecanamide (MNDA) repellent. All other harborages received an equal volume of water. Subsequent spatial analysis revealed a dramatic shift of 96-98% of the reintroduced cockroach populations to nonrepellent treated harborages; patterns persisted for the duration of the study (28 d (12:12) and 20 days (continuous)). Spatial analysis also was used to quantify the areas of emigration and immigration in experimental rooms resulting from the repellent; 89% of the population was redistributed into harborages occupying, 16.7 m super(2) of the room, leaving 11% of the population in harborages within the remaining 28.5 m super(2). Only 2-4% of the population remained in the 16.1 m super(2) that originally contained 89% of the cockroach population. This approach allows researchers to quantify the impact of an intervention that changes distribution rather than survivorship. These studies indicated that this formulation clearly precluded populations from re-establishing in previously inhabited harborages under either lighting condition. Implications of these spatial measuring procedures, and the repellent, to a reduced-risk integrated management strategy are discussed, including the concept of herding cockroaches toward areas strategically baited with toxicants. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Brenner, R J AU - Milne, DE AU - Kinscherf, K M AU - Connors, T F AD - Imported Fire Ant and Household Insect Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 10 EP - 21 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - population density KW - repellents KW - spatial distribution KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Measuring+spatial+displacement+of+Blattella+germanica+%28Blattaria%3A+Blattellidae%29+populations+pressured+by+repellent-treated+harborages&rft.au=Brenner%2C+R+J%3BMilne%2C+DE%3BKinscherf%2C+K+M%3BConnors%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depth of pupation in four species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in sand with and without moisture AN - 16286667; 4300738 AB - Larvae (late 3rd instars) of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), B. latifrons (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) were placed in either wet or dry sand for pupation. In dry sand, 91.1, 93.6, and 97.2% of the pupation by B. latifrons, B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis respectively occurred at a depth of 0-5.5 min. The remainder of the Bactrocera spp. pupated within 11 mm of the surface. More C. capitata (54 0%) pupated at 5.5-11 mm than at 0-5.5 mm (42.5%) and 3.5% moved down to 27.5 min. In wet sand (5% water by weight), 95.5% of all 4 species pupated at depths of 0-27.5 min. Mortality of pupae was greatest in the dry sand at 0-5.5 mm. Cumulative mortality was 50% greater in dry sand than in wet sand. This indicates that both pupation depth and survival are affected by the moisture content of the sand. However, C. capitatais better adapted to the dry conditions than are the Bactrocera spp. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Jackson, C G AU - Long, J P AU - Klungness, L M AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040-8803, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 138 EP - 142 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Diptera KW - development KW - larvae KW - pupation KW - sand KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16286667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Depth+of+pupation+in+four+species+of+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+sand+with+and+without+moisture&rft.au=Jackson%2C+C+G%3BLong%2C+J+P%3BKlungness%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature gradient on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adult dispersal in stored wheat AN - 16280400; 4295719 AB - The dispersal behavior of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults along a 22-36 degree C temperature gradient in stored wheat was monitored over a 20-h period with 8 microphones. Males tended to disperse more readily than females but both preferred temperatures of >30 degree C. Single adults generally did not stay at one location very long, and the average time of 9.7 min spent at the warm end with a temperature gradient was longer than that of 4.4 min spent at that location without a temperature gradient. An adult moved to a location 1, 2, and 3 microphones (7.8, 15.6, and 23.4 cm) away from where they were previously detected in 88.2, 10.6, and 1.2% of the cases. The temperature preference was much more evident with groups of 6 adults than with single adults because the presence of other adults apparently increased the time that adults spent at preferred temperatures. Observations on the times spent at different temperatures, the distances moved, and the influence of the sex of an adult and the presence of other adults provide the information needed to develop a predictive model for adult dispersal in response to the temperature gradients that occur in stored grain during the autumn and spring. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hagstrum, D W AU - Flinn, P W AU - Gaffney, J J AD - Grain Marketing and Prod. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 1515 Coll. Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 123 EP - 129 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - adults KW - dispersal KW - stored products KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temperature+gradient+on+Tribolium+castaneum+%28Coleoptera%3A+Tenebrionidae%29+adult+dispersal+in+stored+wheat&rft.au=Hagstrum%2C+D+W%3BFlinn%2C+P+W%3BGaffney%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Hagstrum&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nondimensional expression of unsteady canal flow AN - 16278200; 4288448 AB - By appropriate choice of reference variables, dimensionless governing equations and initial and boundary conditions of unsteady canal flow have fewer independent parameters that do their dimensioned counterparts; the same information can be expressed more compactly. With design discharge and normal depth as references, unsteady flow is governed by cross-sectional shape factors, Froude number at normal depth, and the dimensionless length, as well as initial and boundary conditions. A particular dimensionless form of the Saint-Venant equations was found to have the same appearance as the dimensioned equations. Dimensionless g, the ratio of weight to mass in the dimensioned real-world equations, is now related to the Froude number at normal depth in the dimensionless equations. The Manning units coefficient, normally used to express the Manning formula in English or metric systems, in the dimensionless system relates to the shape of the channel cross section under normal flow conditions. Dimensionless results are interpreted in real-world terms by specifying normal flow depth and Manning roughness. With the normal Froude number given, all pertinent dimensioned variables follow directly from dimensionless results. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Clemmens, A J AD - U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 59 EP - 62 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Nondimensional+expression+of+unsteady+canal+flow&rft.au=Strelkoff%2C+T+S%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Strelkoff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Multidisciplinary study of ozone, acidic deposition and climate effects on a mixed conifer forest in California, USA AN - 16278168; 4268881 AB - Effects of ozone, dry and wet deposition and climate were studied on tree species and nutrient cycling in a southern California mixed conifer forest from 1991 to 1994 at a location within the plume of photochemical oxidant pollutants transported from the Los Angeles region to the San Bernardino mountains. Ozone injury to ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey (P. jeffreyi pines increased during the study. The current rate of dry and wet deposition of nitrogen during the summer season (5-9 kg N/ha) has not caused detectable changes in nutrient cycling, although summer throughfall N inputs supply pulses of available N that may be biologically significant in the short term. JF - CHEMOSPHERE AU - Miller, P AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Fenn, M AU - Poth, M AU - Temple, P AU - Schilling, S AU - Jones, D AU - Johnson, D AU - Chow, J AU - Watson, J Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 1001 EP - 1006 VL - 36 IS - 4-5 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CHEMOSPHERE&rft.atitle=Multidisciplinary+study+of+ozone%2C+acidic+deposition+and+climate+effects+on+a+mixed+conifer+forest+in+California%2C+USA&rft.au=Miller%2C+P%3BBytnerowicz%2C+A%3BFenn%2C+M%3BPoth%2C+M%3BTemple%2C+P%3BSchilling%2C+S%3BJones%2C+D%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BChow%2C+J%3BWatson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CHEMOSPHERE&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Stress factors and air pollution. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild einkorn wheat AN - 16273369; 4288057 AB - A major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tricipi) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) from wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, AA). NC96BGTA5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree Saluda x 3/PI427662. The response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5 were tested with 30 difference isolates of B. graminis f. sp. tritici and the line was resistant to all tested isolates. The analyses of P sub(1), P sub(2), F sub(1), F sub(2), and BC sub(1)F sub(1) populations derived from NC96BGTA5 revealed two genes for wheat powdery mildew resistance in the NC96BGTA5 line. One gene, Pm3a, was from its recurrent parent Saluda, and the second was a new gene introgressed from wild einkorn wheat. The gene was determined to be different from Pm1 to Pm21 by gene-for-gene and pedigree analyses. The new gene was identified as linked to the Pm3a gene based on the F sub(2) and BC sub(1)F sub(1) populations derived from a cross between NC96BGTA5 and a susceptible cultivar NK-Coker 68-15, and the data indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 1A. It is proposed that this new gene be designated Pm25 for wheat powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5. Three random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, OPX06 sub(1050), OPAG04 sub(950), and OPAI14 sub(600), were found to be linked to this new gene. JF - Phytopathology AU - Shi, AN AU - Leath, S AU - Murphy, J P AD - USDA-ARS and Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 144 EP - 147 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Pm2s gene KW - Pm3a gene KW - disease resistance KW - powdery mildew KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16273369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+major+gene+for+powdery+mildew+resistance+transferred+to+common+wheat+from+wild+einkorn+wheat&rft.au=Shi%2C+AN%3BLeath%2C+S%3BMurphy%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of canal geometry and dynamics on controllability AN - 16271631; 4288442 AB - This paper presents the results of the Task Committee on Canal Automation Algorithms with regard to the influence of canal properties on the controllability of irrigation canals. While the control provided by individual algorithms was not evaluated, studies were performed to illustrate inherent hydraulic limitations - the inability of canal pools to recover rapidly from disturbances or flow perturbations. Studies were performed in nondimensional form to develop a better understanding of how pool properties influence pool response. Three such studies were performed. First, nondimensional backwater curves were developed for a range of canal conditions. The second study involved the propagation of waves initiated at the upstream end of a canal pool, as this is influenced by downstream boundary conditions. Finally, the response of pools to downstream withdrawals was examined in terms of their sluggish recovery even when the correct flow change is applied upstream. These results will help in understanding how canal properties influence the ability of operators to effectively control a canal either manually or automatically, and should influence future design practices. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Deltour, J L AU - Burt, C M AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Baume, J P AD - U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 16 EP - 22 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16271631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Influence+of+canal+geometry+and+dynamics+on+controllability&rft.au=Strelkoff%2C+T+S%3BDeltour%2C+J+L%3BBurt%2C+C+M%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BBaume%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Strelkoff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potyvirus genome-linked protein (VPg) determines pea seed-borne mosaic virus pathotype-specific virulence in Pisum sativum AN - 16268894; 4268117 AB - The mechanism of Pisum sativum pathotype-specific resistance to pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) was investigated and the coding region determinant of PSbMV virulence was defined. Homozygous recessive sbm-1 peas are unable to support replication of PSbMV pathotype 1 (P-1), whereas biochemically and serologically related pathotype 4 (P-4) is fully infectious in the sbm-1/sbm-1 genotype. We were unable to detect viral coat protein or RNA with double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in sbm-1/sbm-1 P-1-inoculated protoplasts and plants. Lack of viral coat protein or RNA in P-1 transfected sbm-1/sbm-1 protoplasts suggests that sbm-1 resistance is occurring at the cellular level and that inhibition of cell-to-cell virus movement is not the operating form of resistance. In addition, because virus products were not detected at any time post-inoculation, resistance must either be constitutive or expressed very early in the virus infection process. P-1-resistant peas challenged with full-length, infectious P-1/P-4 recombinant clones demonstrated that a specific P-4 coding region, the 21-kDa, genome-linked protein (VPg), was capable of overcoming sbm-1 resistance, whereas clones containing the P-1 VPg coding region were noninfectious to sbm-1/sbm-1 peas. VPg is believed to be involved in potyvirus replication and its identification as the PSbMV determinant of infectivity in sbm-1 /sbm-1 peas is consistent with disruption of an early P-1 replication event. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Keller, KE AU - Johansen, I E AU - Martin, R R AU - Hampton, RO AD - USDA-ARS, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., and Dep. Botany and Plant Pathol., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 124 EP - 130 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - VPg protein KW - pea KW - replication KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Potyvirus+genome-linked+protein+%28VPg%29+determines+pea+seed-borne+mosaic+virus+pathotype-specific+virulence+in+Pisum+sativum&rft.au=Keller%2C+KE%3BJohansen%2C+I+E%3BMartin%2C+R+R%3BHampton%2C+RO&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural plant protection by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas spp. in take-all decline soils AN - 16262948; 4268536 AB - Take-all decline (TAD) is a natural biological control of the wheat root disease "take-all" that develops in response to the disease during extended monoculture of wheat. The research to date on TAD has been mostly descriptive and no particular occurrence is yet fully understood. We demonstrate that root-associated fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) are key components of the natural biological control that operates in TAD soils in Washington State (U.S.A.). Phl-producing Pseudomonas spp. were present on roots of wheat grown in TAD soils at or above the threshold population density required for significant suppression of take-all of wheat. The specific suppression that operates in TAD soils was lost when Phl-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were eliminated, and conducive soils gained suppressiveness to take-all when Phl-producing Pseudomonas strains were introduced via mixing in small amounts of TAD soil. Introduction of selected Phl- producing strains into take-all conducive soils provided control of take-all of wheat to a level similar to that obtained in the complementary TAD soils. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Weller, D M AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 367 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 144 EP - 152 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - antibiotics KW - disease control KW - take-all KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02781:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16262948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Natural+plant+protection+by+2%2C4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing+Pseudomonas+spp.+in+take-all+decline+soils&rft.au=Raaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BWeller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Raaijmakers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Nitric acid vapor effects on forest trees - Deposition and cuticular changes AN - 16211161; 4279797 AB - Nitric acid (HNO sub(3)) vapor is an important component of photochemical smog and occurs in high concentrations in forests of the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) and California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.) seedlings were exposed to H super(15)NO sub(3) in a series of short-term experiments performed in a Teflon cuvette system. The highest H super(15)NO sub(3) deposition occurred on foliar surfaces of both species. Substantial transcuticular transport of the pollutant into the leaf interior and stems and roots of two species was determined. Exposures of pines for 12 h in light to 50 ppb H super(15)NO sub(3) caused deterioration of needle cuticle (lesions and collapsed cells). After 12 h of dark exposures to 200 ppb H super(15)NO sub(3) epicuticular wax structure of oak started to disintegrate and trichomes showed a wilting appearance. Exposures to H super(15)NO sub(3) changed chemistry of epicuticular waxes of pines - content of fatty acids decreased and alkyl esters increased. Results of this study showed a potential for HNO sub(3) phytotoxic effects in southern California forests in addition to the observed damage caused by ozone. JF - CHEMOSPHERE AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Percy, K AU - Riechers, G AU - Padgett, P AU - Krywult, M Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 697 EP - 702 VL - 36 IS - 4-5 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16211161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CHEMOSPHERE&rft.atitle=Nitric+acid+vapor+effects+on+forest+trees+-+Deposition+and+cuticular+changes&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BPercy%2C+K%3BRiechers%2C+G%3BPadgett%2C+P%3BKrywult%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CHEMOSPHERE&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Stress factors and air pollution. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Filtration capture and immunoelectrochemical detection for rapid assay of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 16203570; 4277147 AB - A new approach for rapid assay of bacteria in liquid samples is described. Cells were labeled by incubation with an enzyme-antibody conjugate and captured by filtration of the sample/conjugate mixture through a 0.2 mu m filter. The enzyme-labeled cells were detected by placing the filter on the surface of an electrode, incubating with enzyme substrate, and measuring the current produced by oxidation of the electroactive enzyme product. Assay time was 25 min and a detection limit of similar to 5000 cells/ml was obtained for E. coli O157:H7. Background current due to non-specific binding of conjugate to the filter was the primary factor controlling the detection limit, and fewer than 50 cells could be detected when very small sample volumes (10 mu l) were used to minimize background current. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Brewster, J D AU - Mazenko, R S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1998/02/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 01 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 211 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Escherichia coli KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16203570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Filtration+capture+and+immunoelectrochemical+detection+for+rapid+assay+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Brewster%2C+J+D%3BMazenko%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=211&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Effects on Disulfide Bonding Patterns of Bovine Kappa -Casein AN - 1500763543; 16541486 AB - Bovine Kappa -casein, the stabilizing protein of the colloidal milk protein complex, has a unique disulfide bonding pattern. The protein exhibits varying molecular sizes on SDS-PAGE ranging from monomer to octamer and above in the absence of reducing agents. Heating the samples with SDS prior to electrophoresis caused an apparent decrease in polymeric distribution: up to 60% monomer after 30min at 90 degree C as estimated by densitometry of SDS-PAGE. In contrast, heating the samples without detergent at 90 or 37 degree C caused a significant increase in high-molecular-weight polymers as judged by electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. In 6 M urea, the protein could be completely reduced, but upon dialysis, varying degrees of polymer reformation occurred depending on the dialysis conditions. Spontaneous reoxidation to polymeric forms is favored at low pH (<5.15) and low ionic strength. The results are discussed with respect to the influence of the method of preparation on the polymer size of Kappa -caseins and on their resultant physical chemical properties. JF - Journal of Protein Chemistry AU - Groves, M L AU - Wickham, ED AU - Farrell, H M AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, 19038 Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 73 EP - 84 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0277-8033, 0277-8033 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Chemical properties KW - Proteins KW - ENA 19:Water Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500763543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Protein+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Environmental+Effects+on+Disulfide+Bonding+Patterns+of+Bovine+Kappa+-Casein&rft.au=Groves%2C+M+L%3BWickham%2C+ED%3BFarrell%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Protein+Chemistry&rft.issn=02778033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022518613574 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Proteins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022518613574 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refrigeration can save seeds economically AN - 815535047; 13761163 AB - Seed genebanks around the world are seeking economical ways to store seeds as a means of conserving plant biodiversity. Zheng et al. suggest that the use of 'ultra-dry' technology,, in which the seeds are dried to a water content of less than 5%, can extend the longevity of some seed species sufficiently to reduce or eliminate the need for refrigeration. This would benefit in particular some developing countries, such as China, for which they say the cost of cold storage is prohibitive. JF - Nature AU - Walters, Christina AU - Roos, Eric E AU - Touchell, Darren H AU - Stanwood, Phillip C AU - Towill, Leigh AU - Wiesner, Loren AU - Eberhart, Steve A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Seed Storage Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA e-mail: chrisv[AT]lamar.colostate.edu PY - 1998 SP - 758 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 395 IS - 6704 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Economics KW - Biological diversity KW - water content KW - China, People's Rep. KW - longevity KW - Developing countries KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815535047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Refrigeration+can+save+seeds+economically&rft.au=Walters%2C+Christina%3BRoos%2C+Eric+E%3BTouchell%2C+Darren+H%3BStanwood%2C+Phillip+C%3BTowill%2C+Leigh%3BWiesner%2C+Loren%3BEberhart%2C+Steve+A&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=6704&rft.spage=758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F27363 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Economics; Biological diversity; water content; longevity; Developing countries; Technology; China, People's Rep. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/27363 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mosquito density, biting rate and cage size effects on repellent tests. AN - 79741564; 9513937 AB - Mosquito biting rates and the mean duration of protection (in hours) from bites (MDPB) of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus, using the repellent 'deet' (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) on a 50 cm2 area of healthy human skin, were observed in small (27 l), medium (approximately 65 l) and large (125 l) cages containing low, medium or high densities of mosquitoes: respectively, 640, 128 or 49 cm3 of cage volume per female. At the initial treatment rate of approximately 0.4 microliter/cm2 (1 ml of 25% deet in ethanol on 650 cm2 of skin), the MDPB for deet against Ae. aegypti ranged from 4.5 to 6.5 h and was significantly less (5.0 +/- 0.8 h) in large cages compared with medium (6.2 +/- 0.9 h) and small (6.2 +/- 0.8 h) cages, regardless of the density. Against An. quadrimaculatus the MDPB for deet 0.4 microliter/cm2 was 1.5-8.0 h, less in small (3.7 +/- 2.3 h) and large (2.2 +/- 1.1 h) cages at medium (3.7 +/- 2.3 h) and high (2.5 +/- 1.7 h) mosquito densities, and was longest in medium cages (6.2 +/- 2.6 h) at low mosquito densities (5.8 +/- 2.8 h). With equinoxial photoperiodicity (light on 06.00-18.00 hours) the biting rate was influenced by the time of observation (08.00, 12.00, 16.00 hours) for Ae. aegypti but not for An. quadrimaculatus. For both species, the biting rate was inversely proportional to mosquito density and the MDPB. The shortest MDPBs were obtained in large cages with high densities of mosquitoes and longest protection times occurred in medium sized cages with low mosquito densities. JF - Medical and veterinary entomology AU - Barnard, D R AU - Posey, K H AU - Smith, D AU - Schreck, C E AD - Centre for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. dbarnard@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 39 EP - 45 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0269-283X, 0269-283X KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Photoperiod KW - Humans KW - Aedes KW - Anopheles KW - Insect Bites and Stings KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology KW - DEET -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79741564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+and+veterinary+entomology&rft.atitle=Mosquito+density%2C+biting+rate+and+cage+size+effects+on+repellent+tests.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+D+R%3BPosey%2C+K+H%3BSmith%2C+D%3BSchreck%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+and+veterinary+entomology&rft.issn=0269283X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols containing ricinoleate in castor microsomes using 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as the substrate of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase. AN - 79687555; 9470174 AB - We have examined the biosynthetic pathway of triacylglycerols containing ricinoleate to determine the steps in the pathway that lead to the high levels of ricinoleate incorporation in castor oil. The biosynthetic pathway was studied by analysis of products resulting from castor microsomal incubation of 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the substrate of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase, using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and/or thin-layer chromatography. In addition to formation of the immediate and major metabolite, 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]ricinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 14C-labeled 2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC), and 14C-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine were also identified as the metabolites. In addition, the four triacylglycerols that constitute castor oil, triricinolein, 1,2-diricinoleoyl-3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-diricinoleoyl-3-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-diricinoleoyl-3-linolenoyl-sn-glycerol, were also identified as labeled metabolites in the incubation along with labeled fatty acids: ricinoleate, oleate, and linoleate. The conversion of PC to free fatty acids by phospholipase A2 strongly favored ricinoleate among the fatty acids on the sn-2 position of PC. A major metabolite, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol, was identified as the phospholipase C hydrolyte of the substrate; however, its conversion to triacylglycerols was blocked. In the separate incubations of 2-[14C]ricinoleoyl-PC and [14C]ricinoleate plus CoA, the metabolites were free ricinoleate and the same triacylglycerols that result from incubation with 2-oleoyl-PC. Our results demonstrate the proposed pathway: 2-oleoyl-PC-->2-ricinoleoyl-PC-->ricinoleate-->triacylglycerols. The first two steps as well as the step of diacylglycerol acyltransferase show preference for producing ricinoleate and incorporating it in triacylglycerols over oleate and linoleate. Thus, the productions of these triacylglycerols in this relatively short incubation (30 min), as well as the availability of 2-oleoyl-PC in vivo, reflect the in vivo drive to produce triricinolein in castor bean. JF - Lipids AU - Lin, J T AU - Woodruff, C L AU - Lagouche, O J AU - McKeon, T A AU - Stafford, A E AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Singleton, J A AU - Haney, C A AD - USDA, ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, USA. jtlin@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 59 EP - 69 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified KW - 0 KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Phosphatidylethanolamines KW - Ricinoleic Acids KW - Triglycerides KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.13.26 KW - Phospholipases A KW - EC 3.1.1.32 KW - Phospholipases A2 KW - EC 3.1.1.4 KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine KW - H026DM5V6U KW - ricinoleic acid KW - I2D0F69854 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Phosphatidylethanolamines -- metabolism KW - Ricinoleic Acids -- metabolism KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Type C Phospholipases -- metabolism KW - Phospholipases A -- metabolism KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Castor Bean -- ultrastructure KW - Phosphatidylcholines -- metabolism KW - Triglycerides -- biosynthesis KW - Microsomes -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79687555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Biosynthesis+of+triacylglycerols+containing+ricinoleate+in+castor+microsomes+using+1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine+as+the+substrate+of+oleoyl-12-hydroxylase.&rft.au=Lin%2C+J+T%3BWoodruff%2C+C+L%3BLagouche%2C+O+J%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A%3BStafford%2C+A+E%3BGoodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BSingleton%2C+J+A%3BHaney%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of moniliformin, but not fumonisin B1 levels, in culture materials of Fusarium isolates to acute death in ducklings. AN - 79683347; 9469753 AB - Five isolates of Fusarium moniliforme and two isolates Fusarium proliferatum of the Section Liseola were each fermented on rice for 21 d at 25 C. Each Fusarium-fermented rice, when dried and mixed into a poultry diet (10% by weight), caused a varied degree of acute mortality in baby Pekin ducklings. The acute (death in less than 48 h) mortality correlated significantly only to the amount of moniliformin in fermented rice, thus in the diet, but not to the amount of fumonisin B1 in fermented rice. This correlation of moniliformin concentration and noncorrelation of fumonisin B1 concentrations to acute toxicity were confirmed by duckling assay using diets containing these purified mycotoxins. JF - Poultry science AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Wu, W AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. VESONDRF@MAIL.NCAUR.USDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 67 EP - 72 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ducks KW - Mycoses -- veterinary KW - Fusarium -- physiology KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Poultry Diseases KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - Mycoses -- mortality KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Cyclobutanes -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79683347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+moniliformin%2C+but+not+fumonisin+B1+levels%2C+in+culture+materials+of+Fusarium+isolates+to+acute+death+in+ducklings.&rft.au=Vesonder%2C+R+F%3BWu%2C+W&rft.aulast=Vesonder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and tissue residues of beta-adrenergic agonists in livestock. AN - 79682298; 9464898 AB - Since the early 1980s the usefulness of dietary beta-agonists to improve the efficiency of feed utilization and(or) to enhance carcass leanness in livestock species has been well documented. Less well documented are the pharmacokinetic properties, biotransformation pathways, and tissue residue profiles of beta-agonists used to enhance leanness in experimentally or illegally treated animals. Pharmacokinetic data for clenbuterol, cimaterol, fenoterol, L-644,969, ractopamine, salbutamol, and terbutaline have been published but biotransformation and tissue residue studies for these compounds in livestock species are sparse. In general, beta-agonists having halogenated aromatic ring systems are metabolized by oxidative and conjugative pathways and have long plasma half-lives, whereas beta-agonists having hydroxylated aromatic rings are metabolized solely by conjugation and have relatively short plasma half-lives. Beta-Agonists having high oral bioavailabilities, long plasma half-lives, and relatively slow rates of elimination have high oral potencies in humans. Residues of such illegally used compounds in edible tissues of livestock represent a genuine risk to consumers. Conversely, beta-agonists having low oral bioavailabilities, short plasma half-lives, and rapid rates of elimination have low oral potencies in humans. Residues of such compounds in edible tissues of properly treated animals would not likely represent a credible risk to consumers of such products. The reviewed data indicate that the development of a safe and effective beta-agonist for use in livestock is possible. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AD - USDA, ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 173 EP - 194 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Rabbits KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Biological Availability KW - Rats KW - Eye -- chemistry KW - Half-Life KW - Biotransformation KW - Dogs KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Animals, Domestic -- metabolism KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- metabolism KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79682298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+pharmacokinetics%2C+metabolism%2C+and+tissue+residues+of+beta-adrenergic+agonists+in+livestock.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The TRI11 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase required for C-15 hydroxylation in trichothecene biosynthesis. AN - 79664814; 9435078 AB - Several genes in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway of Fusarium sporotrichioides have been shown to reside in a gene cluster. Sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment located 3.8 kb downstream from TRI5 has led to the identification of the TRI11 gene. The nucleotide sequence of TRI11 predicts a polypeptide of 492 residues (Mr = 55,579) with significant similarity to members of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily. TRI11 is most similar to several fungal cytochromes P-450 (23 to 27% identity) but is sufficiently distinct to define a new cytochrome P-450 gene family, designated CYP65A1. Disruption of TRI11 results in an altered trichothecene production phenotype characterized by the accumulation of isotrichodermin, a trichothecene pathway intermediate. The evidence suggests that TRI11 encodes a C-15 hydroxylase involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Alexander, N J AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 221 EP - 225 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - isotrichodermin KW - 91423-90-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Multigene Family KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cosmids KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Hydroxylation KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79664814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=The+TRI11+gene+of+Fusarium+sporotrichioides+encodes+a+cytochrome+P-450+monooxygenase+required+for+C-15+hydroxylation+in+trichothecene+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+N+J%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF011355; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jul;30(1):4-9 [1147619] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3297-305 [2823126] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2444-8 [3162770] J Biol Chem. 1988 May 5;263(13):6038-50 [2834360] Biochemistry. 1989 Jan 24;28(2):656-60 [2713336] J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 [2231712] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Sep;223(2):192-7 [2250647] J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4543-8 [8440737] Curr Genet. 1993;23(4):343-50 [8467533] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Mol Gen Genet. 1994 Jun 3;243(5):506-14 [8208242] Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jul 15;223(2):447-53 [8055913] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2365-71 [7793957] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102 [7651333] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):353-9 [8593041] Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Feb;257(4):421-32 [9529523] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of fermentation acids on bacterial growth. AN - 79630256; 9328648 AB - Anaerobic habitats often have low pH and high concentrations of fermentation acids, and these conditions can inhibit the growth of many bacteria. The toxicity of fermentation acids at low pH was traditionally explained by an uncoupling mechanism. Undissociated fermentation acids can pass across the cell membrane and dissociate in the more alkaline interior, but there is little evidence that they can act in a cyclic manner to dissipate protonmotive force. Fermentation acid dissociation in the more alkaline interior causes an accumulation of the anionic species, and this accumulation is dependent on the pH gradient (delta pH) across the membrane. Fermentation acid-resistant bacteria have low delta pH and are able to generate ATP and grow with a low intracellular pH. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is able to decrease its intracellular pH to 6.1 before growth ceases, but this modest decrease in delta pH can only partially counteract the toxic effect of fermentation anion accumulation. Fermentation acid-resistant bacteria are in most cases Gram-positive bacteria with a high intracellular potassium concentration, and even acid-sensitive bacteria like E. coli K-12 have increased potassium levels when fermentation acids are present. Intracellular potassium provides a counteraction for fermentation acid anions, and allows bacteria to tolerate even greater amounts of fermentation anions. The delta pH-mediated anion accumulation provides a mechanistic explanation for the effect of fermentation acids on microbial ecology and metabolism. JF - Advances in microbial physiology AU - Russell, J B AU - Diez-Gonzalez, F AD - Section of Microbiology, Cornell University, USDA Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 205 EP - 234 VL - 39 SN - 0065-2911, 0065-2911 KW - Acids KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Solvents -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Rumen -- metabolism KW - Intestinal Diseases -- microbiology KW - Biological Transport KW - Silage -- microbiology KW - Acetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Acids -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79630256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+microbial+physiology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+fermentation+acids+on+bacterial+growth.&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BDiez-Gonzalez%2C+F&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+microbial+physiology&rft.issn=00652911&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interaction between vitamin K nutriture and warfarin administration in patients with bacterial overgrowth due to atrophic gastritis. AN - 79627708; 10993569 AB - Atrophic gastritis patients have intestinal bacterial overgrowth which could produce menaquinones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between a diet low in phylloquinone and minidoses of warfarin in subjects with and without bacterial overgrowth. Subjects with atrophic gastritis (indicated by serum pepsinogen ratio) and healthy volunteers were studied while fed a restrictive phylloquinone diet and while receiving a minidose of warfarin. Coagulation times, serum osteocalcin, serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin, plasma phylloquinone, plasma K-epoxide, plasma undercarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA)-II and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) were measured. At baseline, there were no differences between groups for any variable measured. Comparisons between baseline and post intervention in both groups, showed significant increases in circulating levels of K-epoxide, PIVKA II and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. However, no differences were observed when comparisons were made between groups. Our data do not support the hypothesis that bacterial synthesis of menaquinones in patients with bacterial overgrowth due to atrophic gastritis confers considerable resistance to the effect of warfarin. JF - The journal of nutrition, health & aging AU - Camilo, M E AU - Paiva, S A AU - O'Brien, M E AU - Booth, S L AU - Davidson, K W AU - Sokoll, L J AU - Sadowski, J A AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer, United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 73 EP - 78 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1279-7707, 1279-7707 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Vitamin K KW - 12001-79-5 KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Vitamin K 1 KW - 84-80-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vitamin K 1 -- deficiency KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Aged KW - Vitamin K Deficiency -- chemically induced KW - Middle Aged KW - Vitamin K 1 -- administration & dosage KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Vitamin K -- biosynthesis KW - Gastritis, Atrophic -- microbiology KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- growth & development KW - Gastritis, Atrophic -- drug therapy KW - Vitamin K -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Warfarin -- administration & dosage KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- drug effects KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Anticoagulants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79627708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+nutrition%2C+health+%26+aging&rft.atitle=The+interaction+between+vitamin+K+nutriture+and+warfarin+administration+in+patients+with+bacterial+overgrowth+due+to+atrophic+gastritis.&rft.au=Camilo%2C+M+E%3BPaiva%2C+S+A%3BO%27Brien%2C+M+E%3BBooth%2C+S+L%3BDavidson%2C+K+W%3BSokoll%2C+L+J%3BSadowski%2C+J+A%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Camilo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+nutrition%2C+health+%26+aging&rft.issn=12797707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo effects of fumonisin B1-producing and fumonisin B1-nonproducing Fusarium moniliforme isolates are similar: fumonisins B2 and B3 cause hepato- and nephrotoxicity in rats. AN - 73873493; 9725030 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and related Fusarium species found on corn. They occur naturally in corn-based feeds and foods and are suspected human esophageal carcinogens. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most common homologue, causes the animal diseases associated with F. moniliforme. Hepato- and nephrotoxicities, disrupted sphingolipid metabolism, and liver cancer have been found in rats fed FB1. To determine the in vivo effects of diets containing fumonisins B2 (FB2) or B3 or (FB3), male rats were fed culture materials (CM) of FB1 non-producing F. moniliforme isolates to provide low (4.6-6.7 ppm), mid (32-49 ppm) or high (219-295 ppm) dietary levels of either FB2 (FB2CM) or FB3 (FB3CM). Other groups were fed culture material of an FB1 producing isolate (FB1CM) providing 6.9, 53 or 303 ppm total fumonisins (FB1: FB2: FB3 = 1.0: 0.38: 0.15) and a tenth group was fed a control diet having no detectable fumonisins. One-half (n = 5/group) the animals were killed after three weeks, at which time the toxicological and histopathological effects of the three culture materials were similar, mimicked the effects of FB1, and included decreased body weight gains, serum chemical indicators of hepatotoxicity, decreased kidney weights, and apoptosis of hepatocytes and kidney tubular epithelium. FB1CM, FB2CM, and FB3CM affected sphingolipids, causing increased sphinganine to sphingosine ratios (Sa/So) in both liver and kidneys. The remaining animals (n = 5/group0 were fed a control diet for three additional weeks. All body weight and tissue specific effects, including increased Sa/So, induced by the FB2Cm, FB3CM and low level FB1CM diets were absent following the recovery period. Except for mild biliary lesions found in the high dose of FB1CM group and a few apoptotic hepatocytes present in one mid- and two high-dose FB1CM rats, no evidence of toxicity remained in these groups, following the recovery period. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Voss, K A AU - Plattner, R D AU - Riley, R T AU - Meredith, F I AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 45 EP - 58 VL - 141 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays -- adverse effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- physiopathology KW - Male KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73873493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=In+vivo+effects+of+fumonisin+B1-producing+and+fumonisin+B1-nonproducing+Fusarium+moniliforme+isolates+are+similar%3A+fumonisins+B2+and+B3+cause+hepato-+and+nephrotoxicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Voss%2C+K+A%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on FSIS initiatives. AN - 69259953; 10346689 JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Glavin, M AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 337 EP - 339 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Meat KW - Sanitation -- standards KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Eggs KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69259953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Update+on+FSIS+initiatives.&rft.au=Glavin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Glavin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CNS effects of heavy particle irradiation in space: behavioral implications. AN - 69259703; 11541398 AB - Research from several sources indicates that young (3 mo) rats exposed to heavy particle irradiation (56Fe irradiation) produces changes in motor behavior as well as alterations in neuronal transmission similar to those seen in aged (22-24 mo) rats. These changes are specific to neuronal systems that are affected by aging. Since 56Fe particles make up approximately 1-2% of cosmic rays, these findings suggest that the neuronal effects of heavy particle irradiation on long-term space flights may be significant, and may even supercede subsequent mutagenic effects in their mission capabilities. It is suggested that among other methods, it may be possible to utilize nutritional modification procedures to offset the putative deleterious effects of these particles in space. JF - Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) AU - Joseph, J A AU - Erat, S AU - Rabin, B M AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 209 EP - 216 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0273-1177, 0273-1177 KW - Flavonoids KW - 0 KW - Ionophores KW - Radiation-Protective Agents KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Calcimycin KW - 37H9VM9WZL KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Rats KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Substantia Nigra -- radiation effects KW - Solar Activity KW - Radiation-Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ionophores -- pharmacology KW - Aging -- radiation effects KW - Calcimycin -- pharmacology KW - Flavonoids -- therapeutic use KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- radiation effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- radiation effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- radiation effects KW - Signal Transduction -- radiation effects KW - Cosmic Radiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69259703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.atitle=CNS+effects+of+heavy+particle+irradiation+in+space%3A+behavioral+implications.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BErat%2C+S%3BRabin%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.issn=02731177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative resistance of transgenic tomato tissues expressing high levels of tobacco anionic peroxidase to different insect species. AN - 69254713; 10441031 AB - Different parts of genetically transformed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants that express the tobacco anionic peroxidase were compared for insect resistance with corresponding wild type plants. Leaf feeding by first instar Helicoverpa zea and Manduca sexta was often significantly reduced on intact transgenic plants and/or leaf disks compared to wild type plants, but the effect could depend on leaf age. Leaves of transgenic plants were generally as susceptible to feeding damage by third instar Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Manduca sexta (L.) as wild type plants. Green fruit was equally susceptible to third instar larvae of H. zea in both type plants, but fruit of transgenic plants were more resistant to first instar larvae as indicated by significantly greater mortality. Basal stem sections were more resistant to neonate larvae of H. zea and adults of Carpophilus lugubris Murray compared to wild type plants as indicated by significantly greater mortality and/or reduced feeding damage. Thus, tobacco anionic peroxidase activity can increase plant resistance to insects in tomato, a plant species closely related to the original source plant species, when expressed at sufficiently high levels. However, the degree of resistance is dependent on the size of insect and plant tissue involved. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dowd, P F AU - Lagrimini, L M AU - Nelsen, T C AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Manduca KW - Animals KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Larva KW - Plant Stems -- enzymology KW - Plant Leaves -- enzymology KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Peroxidases -- genetics KW - Peroxidases -- biosynthesis KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69254713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Relative+resistance+of+transgenic+tomato+tissues+expressing+high+levels+of+tobacco+anionic+peroxidase+to+different+insect+species.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BLagrimini%2C+L+M%3BNelsen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil fungi of some low-altitude desert cotton fields and ability of their extracts to inhibit Aspergillus flavus. AN - 69156471; 9926421 AB - Soil is presumed to be a major source of inoculum for Aspergillus flavus which contaminates cottonseed and produces the potent carcinogen, aflatoxin. Little is known about the mycoflora of the low desert soils of cotton fields where aflatoxin is a chronic problem. In this study, soils from cotton fields in southwestern Arizona and south-eastern California were assayed for filamentous fungi. Forty-two taxa, predominantly in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, were isolated. To determine whether or not compounds produced by these fungi could be potential inhibitors of A. flavus, extracts of strains of each taxon were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of A. flavus. Twelve taxa produced compounds inhibitory to A. flavus, including several strains of Fusarium solani, Penicillium vinaceum and Aspergillus auricomus. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Klich, M A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. mklich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 97 EP - 100 VL - 142 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Altitude KW - Desert Climate KW - Penicillium -- isolation & purification KW - Penicillium -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - Mycological Typing Techniques KW - Arizona KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Gossypium -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69156471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Soil+fungi+of+some+low-altitude+desert+cotton+fields+and+ability+of+their+extracts+to+inhibit+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Klich%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Gamma Snap and the Hollowing Out of the Income Distribution T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61732979; 98S36735 AB - Analyzes one of the most distressing & puzzling aspects of a recession: the surge in the destitute/homeless population within several months of its onset. It is shown that the shapes of income distributions range from convex down to mixed concave-convex down, which are well fit by gamma probability density functions with different shape parameters. A convex-down shape of income distribution is characteristic of disadvantaged populations, eg, a discriminated minority. A decrease in median income implies a more convex-down income distribution & a smaller shape parameter of the fitting gamma distribution. It is found that, the smaller the shape parameter & the more convex down the distribution, the faster the growth of very small incomes (& a decrease in median income); this is what happens to income distributions in a recession with the destitute population growing as fast as the median falls. This phenomenon is the Gamma Snap. Thus, the surge in the size of the distitute population at the beginning of a recession is a natural disaster not readily escaped by victims. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Angle, John Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 KW - Depression (Economics) KW - Poverty KW - Frequency Distributions KW - Income Distribution KW - Homelessness KW - proceeding KW - 2793: studies in poverty; homelessness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61732979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Gamma+Snap+and+the+Hollowing+Out+of+the+Income+Distribution&rft.au=Angle%2C+John&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decentralization in the Self-Government of Big Slovak Cities after 1990 TT - Decentralizacia v samosprave vel'kych miest na Slovensku po r. 1990 AN - 61504538; 9904676 AB - After reviewing theories of municipal government & decentralization & the objectives & motives of urban decentralization, post-1990 structural changes in self-government in 9 Slovak cities with populations of 30,000-90,000 are examined, focusing on the forms & effectiveness of decentralization, on the one hand, & the tensions & conflicts resulting from power fragmentation & responsibility delegation, on the other. Proportionality of representation, local boundary disputes, & budget allocation problems are some of the growing pains these cities have experienced in trying to decentralize & establish neighborhood councils. However, the outcome of the process has been generally positive, with increased managerial efficiency & flexibility as well as the perceptions of democracy in work. 22 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Sociologia AU - Bucek, Jan AD - Katedra humannej geografie a demogeografie Priodovedecka fakulta U Komenskeho, XO-84215 Bratislava Slovak Republic tel: 421-7-60296-310; fax: 421-7-65429-064 bucek@nic.fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 SP - 345 EP - 362 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0049-1225, 0049-1225 KW - Cities KW - Slovak Republic KW - Decentralization KW - Urban Policy KW - Local Government KW - article KW - 0925: political sociology/interactions; sociology of political systems, politics, & power UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61504538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociologia&rft.atitle=Decentralization+in+the+Self-Government+of+Big+Slovak+Cities+after+1990&rft.au=Bucek%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Bucek&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociologia&rft.issn=00491225&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Slovak DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SCIOES N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Slovak Republic; Decentralization; Cities; Local Government; Urban Policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freeze-thaw cycles increase near-surface aggregate stability AN - 52628709; 1998-029732 JF - Soil Science AU - Lehrsch, Gary A Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 63 EP - 70 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 163 IS - 1 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - aggregate KW - erosion KW - moisture KW - stability KW - Kimberly Idaho KW - Lancaster County Nebraska KW - simulation KW - Argiudolls KW - Twin Falls County Idaho KW - Stevens County Minnesota KW - Haploborolls KW - soil erosion KW - Lincoln Nebraska KW - soils KW - Pullman Washington KW - surface properties KW - Minnesota KW - Idaho KW - Washington KW - variance analysis KW - cyclic processes KW - Calciorthids KW - statistical analysis KW - ICE-1 model KW - Morris Minnesota KW - Whitman County Washington KW - depth KW - Aridisols KW - morphology KW - physical properties KW - frost action KW - Nebraska KW - Mollisols KW - Haploxerolls KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52628709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Freeze-thaw+cycles+increase+near-surface+aggregate+stability&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+Gary+A&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggregate; Argiudolls; Aridisols; Calciorthids; cyclic processes; depth; erosion; frost action; Haploborolls; Haploxerolls; ICE-1 model; Idaho; Kimberly Idaho; Lancaster County Nebraska; Lincoln Nebraska; Minnesota; moisture; Mollisols; morphology; Morris Minnesota; Nebraska; physical properties; Pullman Washington; simulation; soil erosion; soils; stability; statistical analysis; Stevens County Minnesota; surface properties; Twin Falls County Idaho; United States; variance analysis; Washington; Whitman County Washington ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field mobility and persistence of alginate controlled release formulations of atrazine AN - 52612443; 1998-029730 JF - Soil Science AU - Johnson, R M AU - Pepperman, A B AU - Selim, H M Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 46 EP - 52 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 163 IS - 1 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - soils KW - metabolites KW - concentration KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - controls KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - Inceptisols KW - detection KW - atrazine KW - immunoassays KW - Louisiana KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - Saint Gabriel Research Station KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52612443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Field+mobility+and+persistence+of+alginate+controlled+release+formulations+of+atrazine&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+M%3BPepperman%2C+A+B%3BSelim%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; concentration; controls; degradation; detection; herbicides; immunoassays; Inceptisols; leaching; Louisiana; metabolites; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; Saint Gabriel Research Station; soils; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Percolation theory and network modeling applications in soil physics AN - 52585644; 1998-031161 JF - Surveys in Geophysics AU - Berkowitz, Brian AU - Ewing, Robert P Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 23 EP - 72 PB - D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht-Boston VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3298, 0169-3298 KW - soils KW - networks KW - hydrology KW - diffusion KW - statistical analysis KW - porous materials KW - cluster analysis KW - models KW - physical properties KW - water regimes KW - probability KW - percolation KW - lattice parameters KW - random materials KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52585644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Surveys+in+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Percolation+theory+and+network+modeling+applications+in+soil+physics&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+Brian%3BEwing%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Surveys+in+Geophysics&rft.issn=01693298&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(xfpu0bn4myxx3njya4gn4s55)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:103000,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 181 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPSVAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cluster analysis; diffusion; hydrology; lattice parameters; models; networks; percolation; physical properties; porous materials; probability; random materials; soils; statistical analysis; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxymorphic manganese (iron) segregations in a wet soil catena in the Willamette Valley, Oregon AN - 52464885; 1999-045431 AB - Segregations of Fe and Mn in soils have been used as indicators of impeded drainage and ensuing periodic saturation. Nine pedons from two catenas were sampled for characterization analyses in support of wet soils monitoring project in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Manganese/iron segregations [Mn(Fe)] in thin sections were counted in five size classes (>2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.25-0.5, and <0.05 mm). Segregations in each size class were assigned a nominal area, and the aggregate area for each size class was calculated as a percentage of the area of the thin section. The percentage of thin section occupied by segregations decreases from the wet to the dry end of the catenas. Greatest amounts of large segregations were in E, BE, or AE horizons, directly above B horizons that perch water. A secondary accumulation occurred in Ap horizons. In B and BC horizons some accumulations of large segregations appear to be associated with horizon boundary conditions. More striking in thin section, however is disseminated or fine particulate Mn(Fe) present in the matrix but absent in pores or channels, suggesting these flow zones are loci of reduction. Characterization data on particle size and pore size are used to relate Mn(Fe) quantities to argillation and horizon boundary conditions. JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Lynn, Warren C AU - Austin, Will A2 - Rabenhorst, M. C. A2 - Bell, J. C. A2 - McDaniel, P. A. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 209 EP - 226 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 54 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - segregation KW - secondary structures KW - catenas KW - manganese KW - iron KW - ferromanganese composition KW - Oregon KW - perched aquifers KW - quantitative analysis KW - Hydromorphic soils KW - water regimes KW - sedimentary structures KW - Eh KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - Polk County Oregon KW - micromorphology KW - Benton County Oregon KW - drainage KW - indicators KW - aquifers KW - concretions KW - Willamette Valley KW - metals KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52464885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Oxymorphic+manganese+%28iron%29+segregations+in+a+wet+soil+catena+in+the+Willamette+Valley%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Lynn%2C+Warren+C%3BAustin%2C+Will&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium at the Soil Science Society of America on Quantifying soil hydromorphology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSAPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Benton County Oregon; catenas; concretions; drainage; Eh; ferromanganese composition; Hydromorphic soils; indicators; iron; manganese; metals; micromorphology; Oregon; pedogenesis; perched aquifers; Polk County Oregon; quantitative analysis; secondary structures; sedimentary structures; segregation; soils; United States; water regimes; Willamette Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductions in runoff because of the Flood Security Act of 1985 AN - 52452848; 1999-055719 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Miller, Dennis AU - Hallam, Cheryl A AU - Salisbury, Jayne M Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 13 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - hydrology KW - geologic hazards KW - legislation KW - frequency KW - mitigation KW - recurrence interval KW - conservation KW - runoff KW - land management KW - floods KW - Flood Security Act KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52452848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Reductions+in+runoff+because+of+the+Flood+Security+Act+of+1985&rft.au=Miller%2C+Dennis%3BHallam%2C+Cheryl+A%3BSalisbury%2C+Jayne+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; Flood Security Act; floods; frequency; geologic hazards; hydrology; land management; land use; legislation; mitigation; recurrence interval; runoff; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Totaling the dollars in the 1993 flood AN - 52452510; 1999-055722 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Buland, David AU - Laustrup, Mark AU - Anderson, Milo AU - Hallam, Cheryl A AU - Salisbury, Jayne M Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 16 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - North America KW - geologic hazards KW - Mississippi River basin KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - remediation KW - spatial distribution KW - mitigation KW - geographic information systems KW - floods KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - economics KW - USGS KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52452510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Totaling+the+dollars+in+the+1993+flood&rft.au=Buland%2C+David%3BLaustrup%2C+Mark%3BAnderson%2C+Milo%3BHallam%2C+Cheryl+A%3BSalisbury%2C+Jayne+M&rft.aulast=Buland&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; economics; floods; geographic information systems; geologic hazards; government agencies; information systems; mapping; Mississippi River basin; mitigation; North America; remediation; spatial distribution; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A summary of average annual benefits from Public Law 83-566 for the nine states in the 1993 flood area AN - 52450399; 1999-055720 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Miller, Dennis AU - Hallam, Cheryl A AU - Salisbury, Jayne M Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 14 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - legislation KW - damage KW - water erosion KW - cost KW - conservation KW - land management KW - floods KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52450399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=A+summary+of+average+annual+benefits+from+Public+Law+83-566+for+the+nine+states+in+the+1993+flood+area&rft.au=Miller%2C+Dennis%3BHallam%2C+Cheryl+A%3BSalisbury%2C+Jayne+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; cost; damage; erosion; floods; geologic hazards; land management; land use; legislation; United States; USGS; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scaling effects on runoff and moisture content in a GIS-based, variable-source-area hydrology model AN - 52446215; 1999-056614 JF - Annales Geophysicae (1988) AU - Kuo, W L AU - Steenhuis, T S AU - McCulloch, C E AU - Mohler, C L AU - Weinstein, D AU - DeGloria, S D AU - Swaney, D AU - Zollweg, J A AU - Frankenberger, J A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 498 PB - Gauthier-Villars, Paris VL - 16, Suppl. 2 SN - 0992-7689, 0992-7689 KW - United States KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - hydrology KW - slopes KW - moisture KW - watersheds KW - central New York KW - models KW - spatial distribution KW - New York KW - topography KW - geographic information systems KW - mass balance KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - information systems KW - land use KW - coordinates KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52446215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+Geophysicae+%281988%29&rft.atitle=Scaling+effects+on+runoff+and+moisture+content+in+a+GIS-based%2C+variable-source-area+hydrology+model&rft.au=Kuo%2C+W+L%3BSteenhuis%2C+T+S%3BMcCulloch%2C+C+E%3BMohler%2C+C+L%3BWeinstein%2C+D%3BDeGloria%2C+S+D%3BSwaney%2C+D%3BZollweg%2C+J+A%3BFrankenberger%2C+J+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16%2C+Suppl.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annales+Geophysicae+%281988%29&rft.issn=09927689&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ann-geophys.net/volumes_and_issues.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 23rd general assembly of the European Geophysical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - central New York; coordinates; geographic information systems; hydrology; information systems; land use; mass balance; models; moisture; New York; runoff; scale factor; slopes; soils; spatial distribution; topography; United States; water regimes; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field description of Paleosols and Paleosol sequences; the need for a comprehensive nomenclature AN - 52443018; 1999-062069 JF - Quaternary International AU - Wysocki, Douglas A AU - Schoeneberger, Philip J A2 - Follmer, Leon R. A2 - Johnson, D. L. A2 - Catt, John A. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 48 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 51-52 SN - 1040-6182, 1040-6182 KW - soils KW - methods KW - genesis KW - Geosols KW - pedogenesis KW - classification KW - paleosols KW - paleopedology KW - weathering KW - field studies KW - 12:Stratigraphy KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52443018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Field+description+of+Paleosols+and+Paleosol+sequences%3B+the+need+for+a+comprehensive+nomenclature&rft.au=Wysocki%2C+Douglas+A%3BSchoeneberger%2C+Philip+J&rft.aulast=Wysocki&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=51-52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+International&rft.issn=10406182&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Revisitation of concepts in paleopedology; Second international symposium on Paleopedology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; field studies; genesis; Geosols; methods; paleopedology; paleosols; pedogenesis; soils; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modified Mack-James-Monger classification of Paleosols AN - 52442925; 1999-062057 JF - Quaternary International AU - Nettleton, W D AU - Brasher, B R AU - Ahrens, R J A2 - Follmer, Leon R. A2 - Johnson, D. L. A2 - Catt, John A. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 40 EP - 41 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 51-52 SN - 1040-6182, 1040-6182 KW - stratigraphy KW - soils KW - alteration KW - pedogenesis KW - diagenesis KW - classification KW - relict materials KW - paleosols KW - paleopedology KW - weathering KW - buried features KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52442925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=A+modified+Mack-James-Monger+classification+of+Paleosols&rft.au=Nettleton%2C+W+D%3BBrasher%2C+B+R%3BAhrens%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Nettleton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=51-52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+International&rft.issn=10406182&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Revisitation of concepts in paleopedology; Second international symposium on Paleopedology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alteration; buried features; classification; diagenesis; paleopedology; paleosols; pedogenesis; relict materials; soils; stratigraphy; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paleopedology plus TL, (super 10) Be, and (super 14) C dating as tools in stratigraphic and paleoclimatic investigations, Mississippi River valley, U.S.A. AN - 52442505; 1999-062091 JF - Quaternary International AU - Markewich, H W AU - Wysocki, Douglas A AU - Pavich, M J AU - Rutledge, E M AU - Millard, H T AU - Rich, F J AU - Maat, P B AU - Rubin, Meyer AU - McGeehin, J P A2 - Follmer, Leon R. A2 - Johnson, D. L. A2 - Catt, John A. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 143 EP - 167 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 51-52 SN - 1040-6182, 1040-6182 KW - United States KW - Peoria Loess KW - Philips Bayou KW - Roxana Silt KW - oxygen KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - Mississippi Valley KW - isotopes KW - thermoluminescence KW - paleopedology KW - Old River KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Sangamonian KW - radioactive isotopes KW - dates KW - carbon KW - Tennessee KW - sediments KW - absolute age KW - Helena Arkansas KW - paleosols KW - stratigraphy KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Farmdalian KW - Yocona River KW - Quaternary KW - Be-10 KW - clastic sediments KW - Tipton County Tennessee KW - Loveland Loess KW - Phillips County Arkansas KW - Mississippi KW - Geosols KW - metals KW - Crowley's Ridge Loess KW - Pleistocene KW - loess KW - C-14 KW - SEM data KW - beryllium KW - Arkansas KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52442505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Paleopedology+plus+TL%2C+%28super+10%29+Be%2C+and+%28super+14%29+C+dating+as+tools+in+stratigraphic+and+paleoclimatic+investigations%2C+Mississippi+River+valley%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Markewich%2C+H+W%3BWysocki%2C+Douglas+A%3BPavich%2C+M+J%3BRutledge%2C+E+M%3BMillard%2C+H+T%3BRich%2C+F+J%3BMaat%2C+P+B%3BRubin%2C+Meyer%3BMcGeehin%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Markewich&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=51-52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+International&rft.issn=10406182&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Revisitation of concepts in paleopedology; Second international symposium on Paleopedology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; alkaline earth metals; Arkansas; Be-10; beryllium; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; Crowley's Ridge Loess; dates; Farmdalian; Geosols; Helena Arkansas; Holocene; isotopes; loess; Loveland Loess; metals; Mississippi; Mississippi Valley; Old River; oxygen; paleoclimatology; paleopedology; paleosols; Peoria Loess; Philips Bayou; Phillips County Arkansas; Pleistocene; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; Roxana Silt; Sangamonian; sediments; SEM data; stratigraphy; Tennessee; thermoluminescence; Tipton County Tennessee; United States; upper Pleistocene; X-ray diffraction data; Yocona River ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partition preferential flow by sequentially applying conservative tracers AN - 52441747; 1999-056517 JF - Annales Geophysicae (1988) AU - Kung, K J S AU - Kladivko, E AU - Jaynes, D AU - Gish, T AU - Kanwar, R AU - Helling, C F AU - Geohring, L D AU - Steenhuis, T S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 479 PB - Gauthier-Villars, Paris VL - 16, Suppl. 2 SN - 0992-7689, 0992-7689 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - chlorine KW - pollutants KW - halogens KW - pollution KW - bromide ion KW - preferential flow KW - bromine KW - measurement KW - irrigation KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - chloride ion KW - tracers KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - leaching KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52441747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+Geophysicae+%281988%29&rft.atitle=Partition+preferential+flow+by+sequentially+applying+conservative+tracers&rft.au=Kung%2C+K+J+S%3BKladivko%2C+E%3BJaynes%2C+D%3BGish%2C+T%3BKanwar%2C+R%3BHelling%2C+C+F%3BGeohring%2C+L+D%3BSteenhuis%2C+T+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kung&rft.aufirst=K+J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16%2C+Suppl.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annales+Geophysicae+%281988%29&rft.issn=09927689&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ann-geophys.net/volumes_and_issues.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 23rd general assembly of the European Geophysical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bromide ion; bromine; chloride ion; chlorine; field studies; halogens; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; irrigation; leaching; measurement; organic acids; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; soils; solute transport; tracers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introspection of natric soil genesis on the loess-covered till plain in south central, Illinois AN - 52441218; 1999-062059 JF - Quaternary International AU - Indorante, Sam J A2 - Follmer, Leon R. A2 - Johnson, D. L. A2 - Catt, John A. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 41 EP - 42 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 51-52 SN - 1040-6182, 1040-6182 KW - United States KW - terrestrial environment KW - mechanism KW - paleopedology KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Illinoian KW - sediments KW - paleosols KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - Quaternary KW - Illinois KW - clastic sediments KW - humid environment KW - alkali metals KW - sodium KW - till KW - weathering KW - factors KW - metals KW - Pleistocene KW - loess KW - landscapes KW - salinization KW - south-central Illinois KW - Midwest KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52441218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Introspection+of+natric+soil+genesis+on+the+loess-covered+till+plain+in+south+central%2C+Illinois&rft.au=Indorante%2C+Sam+J&rft.aulast=Indorante&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=51-52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+International&rft.issn=10406182&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Revisitation of concepts in paleopedology; Second international symposium on Paleopedology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; factors; humid environment; Illinoian; Illinois; landscapes; loess; mechanism; metals; Midwest; paleopedology; paleosols; pedogenesis; Pleistocene; Quaternary; salinization; sediments; sodium; soils; south-central Illinois; terrestrial environment; till; United States; upper Pleistocene; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing a digital soil survey update for De Kalb and Marshall counties in the state of Illinois AN - 52240093; 2001-035022 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Qvyjt, Mary Beth AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 164 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - digital data KW - Marshall County Illinois KW - Illinois KW - data acquisition KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - DeKalb County Illinois KW - Soil Survey Geographic Data Base KW - geographic information systems KW - SSURGO KW - soil surveys KW - data bases KW - surveys KW - CD-ROM KW - information systems KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52240093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Establishing+a+digital+soil+survey+update+for+De+Kalb+and+Marshall+counties+in+the+state+of+Illinois&rft.au=Qvyjt%2C+Mary+Beth%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Qvyjt&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 Soil and Water Conservation Society annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CD-ROM; data acquisition; data bases; data processing; DeKalb County Illinois; digital data; geographic information systems; Illinois; information systems; Marshall County Illinois; pollution; Soil Survey Geographic Data Base; soil surveys; soils; SSURGO; statistical analysis; surveys; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Section of soils for environmental analysis AN - 52236505; 2001-035023 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Fesco, Barbara AU - Preckel, P AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 166 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - soils KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - environmental analysis KW - detection KW - natural resources KW - sampling KW - conservation KW - runoff KW - policy KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52236505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Section+of+soils+for+environmental+analysis&rft.au=Fesco%2C+Barbara%3BPreckel%2C+P%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fesco&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 Soil and Water Conservation Society annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; detection; environmental analysis; hydrology; leaching; natural resources; nonpoint sources; pesticides; policy; pollution; protection; runoff; sampling; soils; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wellfield protection zoning ordinance for Marion County (City of Indianapolis) AN - 52235185; 2001-035031 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Drockelman, Duane I AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 176 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - protection KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - Marion County Indiana KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Indianapolis Indiana KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - wellhead protection KW - safety KW - infiltration KW - Indiana KW - policy KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52235185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Wellfield+protection+zoning+ordinance+for+Marion+County+%28City+of+Indianapolis%29&rft.au=Drockelman%2C+Duane+I%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Drockelman&rft.aufirst=Duane&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 Soil and Water Conservation Society annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; drinking water; ground water; Indiana; Indianapolis Indiana; infiltration; Marion County Indiana; policy; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; Safe Drinking Water Act; safety; United States; water quality; wellhead protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mississippi Delta management systems evaluation area AN - 52151418; 2002-007608 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Rebich, Richard A AU - Schreiber, Jonathon S AU - Pote, Jonathan AU - Gwin, Frank, Jr Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - best management practices KW - water quality KW - surface water KW - Mississippi Delta KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - bioassays KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - biota KW - ground water KW - toxicity KW - land management KW - ecology KW - Louisiana KW - pesticides KW - water resources KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52151418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Mississippi+Delta+management+systems+evaluation+area&rft.au=Rebich%2C+Richard+A%3BSchreiber%2C+Jonathon+S%3BPote%2C+Jonathan%3BGwin%2C+Frank%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Rebich&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ms.water.usgs.gov/ms_proj/msea/ars_trifold/index.html https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Dec. 20, 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; best management practices; bioassays; biota; ecology; ground water; Gulf Coastal Plain; hydrology; land management; land use; Louisiana; Mississippi Delta; pesticides; soils; surface water; toxicity; United States; USGS; water quality; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern Wasatch Front pre-fire hazard mitigation study, Davis and Weber counties, Utah AN - 52057893; 2002-072866 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Rasely, Robert C AU - Petersen, Mark M AU - Tepel, Robert E Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 60 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 41 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - fires KW - mitigation KW - geologic hazards KW - Davis County Utah KW - Wasatch Front KW - damage KW - Utah KW - Weber County Utah KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52057893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Northern+Wasatch+Front+pre-fire+hazard+mitigation+study%2C+Davis+and+Weber+counties%2C+Utah&rft.au=Rasely%2C+Robert+C%3BPetersen%2C+Mark+M%3BTepel%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Rasely&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 37th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - damage; Davis County Utah; fires; geologic hazards; mitigation; United States; Utah; Wasatch Front; Weber County Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New reservoir sediment survey data base AN - 52054765; 2002-072782 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Bernard, Jerry M AU - Steffen, Lyle J AU - Tepel, Robert E Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 39 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 41 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - water use KW - United States KW - water storage KW - Global Positioning System KW - technology KW - reservoirs KW - quantitative analysis KW - sediments KW - data bases KW - surveys KW - remote sensing KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52054765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=New+reservoir+sediment+survey+data+base&rft.au=Bernard%2C+Jerry+M%3BSteffen%2C+Lyle+J%3BTepel%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 37th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; Global Positioning System; quantitative analysis; remote sensing; reservoirs; sediments; surveys; technology; United States; water storage; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedures for uncertainty analysis applied to a landfill leachate plume AN - 51458049; 2007-037886 JF - Proceedings - International Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment AU - Abbaspour, K C AU - Schulin, R AU - van Genuchten, T AU - Schlaeppi, E A2 - Moore, D. P. A2 - Hungr, O. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 2307 EP - 2314 PB - A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam VL - 8, Vol. 4 KW - halides KW - concentration KW - contaminant plumes KW - Bayesian analysis KW - landfills KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - correlation KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - samples KW - measurement KW - models KW - boreholes KW - chlorides KW - leachate KW - waste disposal KW - uncertainty KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51458049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+International+Congress+of+the+International+Association+for+Engineering+Geology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Procedures+for+uncertainty+analysis+applied+to+a+landfill+leachate+plume&rft.au=Abbaspour%2C+K+C%3BSchulin%2C+R%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+T%3BSchlaeppi%2C+E&rft.aulast=Abbaspour&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=8%2C+Vol.+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+International+Congress+of+the+International+Association+for+Engineering+Geology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eighth international congress, International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05428 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bayesian analysis; boreholes; chlorides; concentration; contaminant plumes; correlation; environmental analysis; halides; landfills; leachate; measurement; models; pollution; prediction; samples; simulation; statistical analysis; uncertainty; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrology tools for wetland determination AN - 51028548; 1999-006689 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Rodrigue, Paul B AU - Woodward, Donald E A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 4 EP - 9 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 28 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - hydrology KW - computer programs KW - wetlands KW - conservation KW - data processing KW - ecology KW - applications KW - water balance KW - water resources KW - remote sensing KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51028548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Hydrology+tools+for+wetland+determination&rft.au=Rodrigue%2C+Paul+B%3BWoodward%2C+Donald+E&rft.aulast=Rodrigue&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; computer programs; conservation; data processing; ecology; hydrology; remote sensing; water balance; water resources; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How traditional agriculture is approaching sustainability AN - 27563292; 2001-63-010684 (CE); 0341841 (EN) AB - Sustainable agriculture is described as both a systematic method of engaging in agricultural activity and an outward expression of a land ethic. A general description of the sustainable agriculture model is provided along with characteristic concepts of sustainable systems. JF - Biomass and Bioenergy AU - Safley, Marc AD - Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, USA PY - 1998 SP - 329 EP - 332 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0961-9534, 0961-9534 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Agricultural practices KW - Farmlands KW - Biomass KW - Ethics KW - Land KW - Sustainability KW - Article KW - EE 454.1:Environmental Engineering (General) KW - EE 821:Agricultural Equipment and Methods KW - EE 483.1:Soils and Soil Mechanics (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27563292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=How+traditional+agriculture+is+approaching+sustainability&rft.au=Safley%2C+Marc&rft.aulast=Safley&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.issn=09619534&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A note on the development and use of biopesticides in the United States AN - 19813865; 4536174 AB - Biopesticides developed and used in the future will emerge against the backdrop of the environmental effects associated with the use of conventional pesticides and government policies designed to control these effects. In the final analysis, farmers' choices on pesticides will be influenced by the prevailing costs and benefits of conventional pesticides and their alternatives including biopesticides. The outlook for pesticide use is complicated, though some directions can be perceived. There are a number of factors that will serve potentially to impact pesticide use which in turn will affect the development of biopesticides. These include pesticide regulation, the FAIR Act, the crops planted, the management of ecologically-based systems, and consumer demand for "green" products. Biological pest management includes the use of pheromones, plant regulators, and microbial organisms such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), as well as pest predators, parasites, and other beneficial organisms. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency currently regulates biochemicals and microbial organisms and classifies them as biorational pesticides. JF - Journal of Sustainable Agriculture AU - Uri, N D AD - Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 35 EP - 51 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1044-0046, 1044-0046 KW - USA KW - biopesticides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Government policy KW - Sustainable development KW - Predators KW - Materials technology KW - Pheromones KW - Environmental effects KW - Consumers KW - Sustainable agriculture KW - Pests KW - Crop KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Microbial activity KW - Pest control KW - Agrochemicals KW - EPA KW - Pesticides KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - A 01052:Effect of insecticides KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19813865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=A+note+on+the+development+and+use+of+biopesticides+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.issn=10440046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Crop; Sustainable development; Government policy; Pest control; Predators; Agrochemicals; Pheromones; Pesticides; Environmental effects; Sustainable agriculture; Consumers; Pests; EPA; Materials technology; Microbial activity; Bacillus thuringiensis; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variance estimate for the Allen activity index AN - 18254128; 5312257 AB - The Allen activity index, originally developed for monitoring dingo populations, is statistically described as a mixed linear model, from which a variance formula for the index is derived. The resulting formula requires input of variance component estimates, the estimation of which is accomplished using restricted maximum-likelihood estimation. An example is used to demonstrate the calculation of the variance components and their use in the variance formula. Application of the variance formula substantially enhances the quantitative practicality of this useful index of wildlife populations. JF - Wildlife Research AU - Engeman, R M AU - Allen, L AU - Zerbe, GO AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 643 EP - 648 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 1035-3712, 1035-3712 KW - Dingo KW - Mammals KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Canis familiaris dingo KW - Wildlife management KW - Index KW - Measuring techniques KW - Mammalia KW - Australia KW - Activity patterns KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18254128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Variance+estimate+for+the+Allen+activity+index&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BAllen%2C+L%3BZerbe%2C+GO&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Research&rft.issn=10353712&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis familiaris dingo; Mammalia; Australia; Activity patterns; Measuring techniques; Index; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of new phytoplasmas associated with diseases of strawberry in Florida, based on analysis of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene operon sequences AN - 17443239; 4652388 AB - Strawberry plants exhibiting symptoms of stunting and abnormally small leaves were observed in production fields in central Florida, USA. Since the symptoms were suggestive of phytoplasma infection, plants were assayed for presence of phytoplasma by PCR amplification of 16S rDNA and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences. Amplification of phytoplasma-specific DNA sequences by PCR indicated infection of the diseased strawberry plants by phytoplasmas. RFLP analyses of amplified 16S rDNA revealed that the plants were infected by two mutually distinct phytoplasmas that differed from strawberry green petal phytoplasma (group 16Srl-C). Both phytoplasmas were members of 16S rRNA gene group I (16Srl). Based on RFLP analysis of amplified 16S rDNA and rp gene sequences, one was classified in group 16Srl subgroup I and new rp subgroup 16Srl-l(rp); its 16S rRNA-rp subgroup was designated 16Srl- K(rr-rp). The second phytoplasma represented a previously undescribed subgroup, designated K, in 16S rRNA group I but belonged to rp subgroup 16Srl-J(rp); this phytoplasma's 16S rRNA-rp subgroup was designated 16Srl-J(rr-rp). Results of RFLP analyses agreed with putative restriction site maps based on nucleotide sequences determined for the amplified 16S rDNAs and rp gene operon DNAs. Further evidence indicated that the 16Srl-K(rr-rp) strawberry phytoplasma, Mexican periwinkle virescence phytoplasma and stolbur phytoplasma shared sequence homologies that enabled amplification of DNA from all three by PCR using primers previously designed as stolbur-specific. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Davis, R E AU - Maas, J AU - Dally, EL AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service- USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 269 EP - 277 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - USA, Florida KW - phytoplasma KW - rRNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plant diseases KW - Fragaria ananassa KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+new+phytoplasmas+associated+with+diseases+of+strawberry+in+Florida%2C+based+on+analysis+of+16S+rRNA+and+ribosomal+protein+gene+operon+sequences&rft.au=Jomantiene%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BMaas%2C+J%3BDally%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Jomantiene&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fragaria ananassa; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing spatial and dynamic population-based control strategies for invading forest pests AN - 17415885; 4630506 AB - This paper explores spatial optimization approaches to managing invading exotic forest pests. The relevant land planning area is divided into cells, and pest population growth and dispersal are modeled with linear, continuous-variable formulations. Management actions are limited to those that apply directly to pest extermination, as opposed to host-oriented management actions. A stylized case example is used to demonstrate the potential application of the model formulation and to show that simple spatial strategies such as "barrier zone" approaches to slowing an organism's invasion may not always be optimal. JF - Natural Resource Modeling AU - Hof, J AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3825 E. Mulberry, Fort Collins, CO 80524-8597, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 197 EP - 216 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0890-8575, 0890-8575 KW - Insecta KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Forests KW - Pest control KW - Population dynamics KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17415885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resource+Modeling&rft.atitle=Optimizing+spatial+and+dynamic+population-based+control+strategies+for+invading+forest+pests&rft.au=Hof%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Resource+Modeling&rft.issn=08908575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pest control; Population dynamics; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population genetics and the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) AN - 17353399; 4510024 AB - Molecular genetics provides data with temporal and spatial scales unavailable from other disciplines. Patterns of genetic diversity are influenced by adaptive, environmental, and stochastic factors. The rate of change in genetic markers allows investigations of diversity on temporal scales resulting from recent history (hundreds of years) to deep evolutionary time (millions of years). Cryptic spatial population structure is often revealed by molecular markers. Phylogeographic analysis of genes within populations can unite demographics with glaciation, uplift, climatic shifts, or major floods. Historically, the application of genetic markers has been largely limited to analyses of gene frequencies and patterns of diversity. The consequences of genetic rarity are controversial in relationship to endangerment or patterns of extinction. However, it is widely recognized that genes reflect a species' evolutionary past and represent the raw material underlying the diversity of biological expression throughout a species' range. DNA provides the architecture necessary for a species' adaptation and future survival. Conservation of this evolutionary legacy is important considering anthropomorphic manipulation of a species and the environment upon which it depends. In this paper I investigate evolution and genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on the current literature. I further discuss conservation and restoration questions using molecular markers. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Nielsen, J L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA, jnielsen@leland.stanford.edu Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 145 EP - 152 PB - National Research Council of Canada, Research Journals VL - 55 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Atlantic salmon KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Biochemistry KW - Anadromous species KW - Fish Conservation KW - Genetic analysis KW - Genetic diversity KW - Survival KW - Freshwater KW - Population genetics KW - Fishery management KW - Fish Management KW - Biological Properties KW - Phylogenetics KW - Salmon KW - Marine KW - Genetic variance KW - Brackish KW - Salmo salar KW - Salmon fisheries KW - Nature conservation KW - Conservation KW - Population structure KW - Evolution KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04668:Fish KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17353399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Population+genetics+and+the+conservation+and+management+of+Atlantic+salmon+%28Salmo+salar%29&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2Fcjfas-55-S1-145 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmo salar; Salmon; Biochemistry; Evolution; Variability; Fish Management; Fish Conservation; Survival; Biological Properties; Anadromous species; Population structure; Population genetics; Genetic diversity; Phylogenetics; Nature conservation; Fishery management; Salmon fisheries; Genetic analysis; Genetic variance; Conservation; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-145 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of Nesting Double-crested Cormorants in the Delta Region of Mississippi AN - 17297673; 4564892 AB - Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) breed across the northern United States and in Canada. Cormorants have been reported to nest sporadically in the southern United States. The only reported nesting by cormorants in Mississippi was reported in Tunica County near Clayton in May 1952. During the 1998 annual Mississippi colonial waterbird survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, four nesting pairs of Double-crested Cormorants were found. Two nesting pairs were located at Lewis Swamp in Coahoma County, Mississippi, and two nesting pairs were located at Jones Lake in Warren County, Mississippi. The two nests at Lewis Swamp were removed by an undetermined source within two weeks of their discovery. The nesting colony at Jones Lake increased from two to 31 nests over a four-month observation period. Of the 31 nests, 13 successfully fledged at least one young. Incubation of the first clutch began on 24 April 1998 and all young had fledged by 18 September 1998. If breeding cormorants continue to increase in Mississippi, the aquaculture industry may have to contend with cormorant depredation not only as a seasonal occurrence but as a year-round issue. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - Reinhold, D S AU - Mueller, A J AU - Ellis, G AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, P.O. Box 316, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, david.reinholdsuper(s)da.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 450 EP - 451 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi, Yunica Cty. KW - Predation KW - Reproductive behavior KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Aquaculture development KW - Breeding sites KW - Reproduction KW - Population structure KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Y 25426:Birds KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Observations+of+Nesting+Double-crested+Cormorants+in+the+Delta+Region+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Reinhold%2C+D+S%3BMueller%2C+A+J%3BEllis%2C+G&rft.aulast=Reinhold&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breeding sites; Aquaculture development; Predation; Population structure; Reproduction; Reproductive behaviour; Reproductive behavior; Phalacrocorax auritus; ASW, USA, Mississippi, Yunica Cty.; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide effects on infiltration in irrigated agriculture AN - 17295106; 4527733 AB - Using polyacrylamide (PAM) following the NRCS conservation practice standard increases infiltration in furrow irrigation. PAM at 10 g m super(-3) (10 ppm) during water advance nearly precludes detachment and transport of soil in furrows. If any sediment is entrained in the flow, it is readily flocculated in the presence of PAM and settles to the furrow-bottom in loose previous structures. It was hypothesized that depositional surface seals that block pores are reduced or made more permeable with PAM. On Portneuf silt loams coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) furrow irrigation net infiltration increased 15%. Net increases on finer textured soils were generally higher. Furrow streams containing more than 5 g L super(-1) (5,000 ppm) sediment reduced infiltration and infiltration rate more than fivefold compared to streams of clean water. Tension infiltrometry confirmed that PAM's maintenance of open pores to the furrow surface provides the infiltration increase mechanism. Infiltration rates at 40 and 100 mm (1.6 and 3.9 inches) tension in PAM-treated furrows were double the rates of control furrows. Recirculating infiltrometer data showed a 30% infiltration increase with PAM use and infiltration was inversely related to maximum sediment concentration in the flow. Furrow inflow of 45 L min super(-1) (12 gal min super(-1)) with PAM treatment decreased stream advance time 13% while reducing sediment loss 76% compared to untreated 23 L min super(-1) (6 gal min super(-1)) inflows. Use of PAM in sprinkler irrigation streams reduced runoff 70% and sediment loss 75%, but tension infiltration measurements were inconsistent, suggesting changes in surface-sealing effects with sprinkler application of PAM are transient. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sojka, R E AU - Lentz, R D AU - Ross, C W AU - Trout, T J AU - Bjorneberg, D L AU - Aase, J K AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, IN, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 325 EP - 331 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Polyacrylamide KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Furrow irrigation KW - Materials testing KW - Sprinkler irrigation KW - Irrigation KW - Soil sealants KW - Permeability KW - Infiltrometers KW - Infiltration KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17295106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide+effects+on+infiltration+in+irrigated+agriculture&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BLentz%2C+R+D%3BRoss%2C+C+W%3BTrout%2C+T+J%3BBjorneberg%2C+D+L%3BAase%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Permeability; Materials testing; Irrigation; Infiltration; Furrow irrigation; Sprinkler irrigation; Infiltrometers; Soil sealants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal development by plant host and fungus species in alfalfa AN - 17279299; 4480836 AB - Two cvs of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Gilboa and Moapa 69, were inoculated in glasshouse pots with three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to investigate the efficacy of mycorrhizas with respect to the extent of colonization and sporulation. Paspalum notatum Flugge also was inoculated to describe fungal parameters on a routine pot culture host. Percentage root length of P. notatum colonized by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, and Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall increased from 10 to 21 wk, and all fungi sporulated during that period. In alfalfa, only colonization by G. intraradices increased over that time period, and it was the only fungus to sporulate in association with alfalfa at 10 wk. Glomus mosseae did not sporulate after 16-21 wk despite having colonized 30-35% of the root length of both alfalfa cvs. In vitro experiments in which Ri T-DNA-transformed roots of alfalfa were inoculated with AM fungi showed normal mycorrhizal formation by G. intraradices and a hypersensitivity-like response to Gi. margarita. Colonized cells became necrotic, and HPLC analysis indicated increased concentrations of phenolics and isoflavonoids in these root segments. These data strongly support the existence of a degree of specificity between AM fungi and host that might rely on specific biochemical regulatory processes initiated in the host as a result of the attempts at colonization by the fungus. JF - New Phytologist AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Galvez, L AU - Becard, G AU - Kapulnik, Y AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 138 IS - 1 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Development KW - Glomus KW - Host plants KW - Colonization KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17279299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+development+by+plant+host+and+fungus+species+in+alfalfa&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BGalvez%2C+L%3BBecard%2C+G%3BKapulnik%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.1998.00876.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; Glomus; Medicago sativa; Host plants; Development; Colonization; Mycorrhizas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00876.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific crop management with a center pivot AN - 17257112; 4527730 AB - Traditionally, site-specific farming suggests the management of fertilizers and pesticides but research in the southeastern Coastal Plain suggests that spatial yield variability may be caused primarily by water relations. Site-specific management of water and chemical applications is difficult with conventional center pivot irrigation systems. Site-specific irrigation systems were developed to independently apply variable rates of water, nutrients, and pesticides to 100-m super(2) areas. Two commercial center pivot systems were modified by adding manifolds and nozzles along the truss to provide eight application depths within each of 13 10-m segments. A programmable, computer-controlled management system uses stored GIS data to provide the appropriate application rate for each area but can also be updated via real-time soil and crop measurements. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Camp, C R AU - Sadler, E J AD - Agricultural Engineer and Soil Scientist, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 312 EP - 314 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fertilizers KW - Water relations KW - Computers KW - Pesticides KW - Irrigation systems KW - Farming KW - Geographical information systems KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17257112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Site-specific+crop+management+with+a+center+pivot&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BSadler%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Agricultural practices; Water relations; Computers; Irrigation systems; Pesticides; Farming; Geographical information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NLEAP facts about nitrogen management AN - 17256232; 4527734 AB - The use of new computer models facilitates the quick extrapolation of research results into a wide variety of different agricultural systems. However, to predict the N dynamics across different fields, local information is still needed to initially calibrate and evaluate the local effectiveness of the model. One of these new computer software packages is NLEAP, which permits a rapid evaluation of a series of best N and irrigation management practices for a site-specific farmer's field. Information from several plant parameters was used to generate simulations: soil chemical and physical properties, irrigation practices, N management practices, amount of N in irrigation water, local climatological data, and additional factors. These computer simulations have detailed information about the crop N uptake, soil N biogeochemical transformations, water budgets, and the inorganic NO sub(3[super]-)-N content in the soil profile for vegetable and small grain rotations. Computer simulations with the new 1.2 version of NLEAP showed the potential to simulate residual soil NO sub(3[super]-)-N and transport of NO sub(3[super]-)-N in the soil profile over a wide variety of management scenarios. NLEAP 1.2 simulations suggest that the net process of NO sub(3[super]-)-N leaching can he reversed for coarse-textured soils. Coarse fragments on a volume basis are an important factor related to soil quality that need to be considered when using the NLEAP model in coarse-textured soils. These are important NLEAP facts that can potentially contribute to protect and improve water quality. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AU - Follett, R F AU - Sharkoff, J L AU - Brodahl, M K AU - Shaffer, MJ AD - USDA/ARS/SPNRU, Ft. Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 332 EP - 337 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NLEAP KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Computer models KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Soil properties KW - Irrigation KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17256232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=NLEAP+facts+about+nitrogen+management&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA%3BFollett%2C+R+F%3BSharkoff%2C+J+L%3BBrodahl%2C+M+K%3BShaffer%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Computer models; Biogeochemistry; Irrigation; Soil properties; Nutrients; Water quality; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processing of leather waste: pilot scale studies on chrome shavings. Isolation of potentially valuable protein products and chromium AN - 17252133; 4525004 AB - Hides come to the tanner as a by-product of the meat industry. The tanning process, in turn, generates much greater quantities of by-products and wastes than leather. One ton of wet salted hides yields only 200 kg of leather but over 600 kg of solid waste, or by-product if a market can be found. In the United States, nearly 60,000 metric tons of chromium-containing solid waste, i.e. chrome shavings, are generated by the leather industry each year, and approximately ten times this amount is generated worldwide. Land application for the disposal of chromium-containing tannery and other leather wastes has been widely practiced during most of the twentieth century, but fewer landfill sites can be found every day and the cost of transportation and disposal increases. Historically, these materials were used in the production of fertilizer or composite boards, but while once the company producing and marketing fertilizer or boards would pay for the waste and its transportation, nowadays, the tanner has to pay for such things. Over several years, we have demonstrated that it is possible to isolate protein products (gelatin and collagen hydrolysate) from chrome shavings by using an alkaline protease under mild conditions. The objective of the present work was to perform pilot plant trials to isolate protein products from chrome shavings, treat and purify the remaining chrome cake and tan hides with the recovered chromium. Because of the high nitrogen content, the isolated collagen hydrolysate has potential use as a fertilizer and in animal feed additives. The gelatin has potential use in cosmetics, adhesives, printing, photography, microencapsulation, films or even as an additive in finishing products for the leather industry. JF - Waste Management AU - Cabeza, L F AU - Taylor, M M AU - DiMaio, G L AU - Brown, E M AU - Marmer, W N AU - Carrio, R AU - Celma, P J AU - Cot, J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mtaylor@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 211 EP - 218 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Environmental impact KW - Materials recovery KW - Recycling KW - Tanning industry wastes KW - Waste management KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Processing+of+leather+waste%3A+pilot+scale+studies+on+chrome+shavings.+Isolation+of+potentially+valuable+protein+products+and+chromium&rft.au=Cabeza%2C+L+F%3BTaylor%2C+M+M%3BDiMaio%2C+G+L%3BBrown%2C+E+M%3BMarmer%2C+W+N%3BCarrio%2C+R%3BCelma%2C+P+J%3BCot%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cabeza&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tanning industry wastes; Recycling; Feasibility studies; Materials recovery; Environmental impact; Waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic and Environmental Tradeoffs Among Alternative Seed Potato Rotations AN - 17250904; 4536585 AB - This study measures the economic and environmental outcomes associated with using two-, three- and four-year seed potato rotations in Southeastern Idaho. Seed potatoes are rotated with spring wheat, feed barley, oats, and canola. Crop yields, nitrogen loss, and soil erosion are simulated using the EPIC biological simulation model. A tradeoff frontier approach is used to screen out inferior rotations and to calculate tradeoffs between economic returns, reduced nitrogen loss, and reduced soil erosion. The results reveal that the most profitable and environmentally sound rotations tend to be three-year rotations of potatoes followed by two grain crops, with spring wheat occurring at least once in the crop sequence. A two-year potato-wheat rotation resulted in the largest economic return, a three-year potato-wheat-wheat rotation resulted in the second largest return and the smallest soil erosion, and a four-year potato-barley-wheat-wheat rotation resulted in the smallest nitrogen loss. JF - Journal of Sustainable Agriculture AU - Watkins, K B AU - Lu, Y-C AD - USDA, ARS, Natural Resources Institute, Remote Sensing and Modeling Laboratory, BARC-West Building 007, Room 008, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 37 EP - 53 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1044-0046, 1044-0046 KW - USA, Idaho, Southeastern KW - crop rotation methods KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Pollution effects KW - Soil erosion KW - Environmental protection KW - Crops KW - Land use KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Economics KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17250904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Environmental+Tradeoffs+Among+Alternative+Seed+Potato+Rotations&rft.au=Watkins%2C+K+B%3BLu%2C+Y-C&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.issn=10440046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Economics; Agriculture; Soil erosion; Land use; Crops; Environmental protection; Cost-benefit analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collective experiences of adventitious viruses of animal-derived raw materials and what can be done about them AN - 17246081; 4518131 AB - Contamination of animal-derived raw materials with viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria and fungi is common. These contaminants can interfere with the diagnosis of viral infection, and vaccines produced using infected cell cultures could lead to seroconversion or disease in the vaccinated animal. The purity, safety and efficacy of viral vaccines requires testing of the ingredients, cell substrates and final product. Methods for detection of viruses, especially bovine viral diarrhea virus, in nutrient serum, cell cultures, seed viruses and viral vaccines, and the frequency of their detection at the Center for Veterinary Biologics are discussed. JF - Cytotechnology AU - Wessman, S J AU - Levings, R L AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Center for Veterinary Biologics-Laboratory, P.O. Box 844, Ames, IA, 50010, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 43 EP - 48 VL - 28 IS - 1-3 SN - 0920-9069, 0920-9069 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Bovine viral diarrhea virus KW - Viruses KW - Cell culture KW - Infection KW - Seroconversion KW - Reviews KW - Vaccines KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17246081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs+%26+Aging&rft.atitle=Medication+Safety+Systems+and+the+Important+Role+of+Pharmacists&rft.au=Mansur%2C+Jeannell+M&rft.aulast=Mansur&rft.aufirst=Jeannell&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs+%26+Aging&rft.issn=1170229X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs40266-016-0358-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Cell Culture Engineering VI. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Cell culture; Reviews; Contamination; Infection; Seroconversion; Vaccines; Viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New NLEAP for shallow and deep rooted rotations: Irrigated agriculture in the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado AN - 17244886; 4527735 AB - In the San Luis Valley (SLV) of south central Colorado, shallower root crops such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and deeper rooted crops such as winter cover crops or spring-planted small grains are grown in rotation. The previous NLEAP program, Version 1.10, did not account for the observed variations in maximum rooting depths of these systems. The model needed to be modified so that it could simulate the effect of crop rotations based on the root zone depth of each crop, as well as the effect of management practices on the residual soil NO sub(3[super]-)-N on an identical soil depth for the whole system. NLEAP 1.2 was developed to simulate residual soil NO sub(3[super]-)-N for three layers: 0 to 0.3 m (0 to 1 ft), 0.3 m (1 ft) to the bottom of the rooting depth (BRD), and BRD to a maximum soil depth desired (MSDD). The MSDD can be set from a minimum 0.3 m (1 ft) to a maximum of 1.5 m (5 ft), by 0.03-m (0.1-ft) increments. The MSDD also can be set to be equal to the BRD of the crop with the deeper rooting system in the rotation. The 1.2 version also simulates NO sub(3[super]-)-N leaching from the BRD and from the MSDD. Another new feature is that the maximum rooting depth can be entered to the nearest 0.03 m (0.1 ft), from a minimum root depth of 0.03 m (0.1 ft) to a maximum of 1.5 m (5 ft). NLEAP 1.2 has improved simulations of agricultural systems with crop rotations that have crops with varied rooting depths. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AU - Shaffer, M AU - Brodahl, M K AD - USDA/ARS/SPNRU, Ft. Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 338 EP - 340 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NLEAP KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural practices KW - Irrigation KW - Roots KW - Crops KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=New+NLEAP+for+shallow+and+deep+rooted+rotations%3A+Irrigated+agriculture+in+the+San+Luis+Valley+of+south+central+Colorado&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA%3BShaffer%2C+M%3BBrodahl%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural practices; Irrigation; Roots; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-run equilibria in an economy with a greenhouse effect AN - 17229391; 4509569 AB - This paper examines perfect foresight inter-generational macroeconomic tradeoffs associated with climate change. Consumption of perfectly competitive agents is associated with exacerbation of the climate change problem. Saving and investment reduce exposure to a negative production externality caused by the greenhouse effect, through a non-probabilistic catastrophic threshold. In this overlapping generations economy, saving and investment provide benefits to future generations that current individuals are unable to capture. Two kinds of equilibria are shown to exist. The gas stock may remain at a constant or declining level so the threshold does not matter in steady-state equilibrium even with population growth, where consumption, investment and production are all constant in per capita terms. When the threshold does matter because the gas stock is growing in steady state, agents flirt with catastrophe, make strategic economic decisions based on what other agents are doing, and optimize by walking a knife-edge of disaster at the threshold. Like the private provision of a public good, price-taking agents internalize the public bad. This is the focal point symmetric Nash equilibrium, but the potential for a coordination failure is also shown to exist where agents with perfect foresight would find it optimal not to end the economy, but are unable to avoid doing so. JF - Natural Resource Modeling AU - Schimmelpfennig, D AD - Economic Research Service, Resources and Environment Division, Rm. 4195, 1800 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, USA, des@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 331 EP - 356 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0890-8575, 0890-8575 KW - game theory KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental economics KW - Climatic changes KW - Greenhouse effect KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17229391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resource+Modeling&rft.atitle=Long-run+equilibria+in+an+economy+with+a+greenhouse+effect&rft.au=Schimmelpfennig%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schimmelpfennig&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Resource+Modeling&rft.issn=08908575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Greenhouse effect; Environmental economics; Climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Foundations of Biodiversity: Lessons from Natural and Managed Forests of the Pacific Northwest AN - 17223745; 4500030 AB - Fifteen years of research on old-growth and managed coniferous forests have provided sufficient understanding of biodiversity to suggest a basis for ecosystem management. First, natural old forests have a metaphysics--values associated with their existence and function can never be addressed fully with the scientific method alone; we cannot recreate old growth. Second, five processes underly forest development: crown-class differentiation, decadence, canopy stratification, understory development, and development of habitat breadth. Habitat breadth results from fine-scale spatial heterogeneity that produces structural and compositional diversity--tree species diversity, foliage-height diversity, and variety of recurring vegetation site-types. Third, the processes shape trophic pathways, lead to niche diversification, and help to structure fungal, invertebrate, and vertebrate communities. The contribution of each process to niche diversification differs in strength from its contribution to variance in forest structure and composition. Decadence seems the most fundamental, unpredictable, and intractable of the processes. Theoretically, ecosystem management based on these processes can produce landscapes that provide habitat for wildlife associated with late-seral forests, sustainable production of timber and alternative forest products, ecological services such as carbon assimilation and sequestration, economic activity that sustains rural communities, and win-win solutions with good cultural fit to conflicts over land use. Fourth, substantial uncertainty exists in every aspect of ecosystem management. Thus, achieving diverse benefits from forests requires active, intentional, adaptive ecosystem management. JF - Northwest Science AU - Carey, AB AD - USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, Washington, USA, 98512-9193 Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 127 EP - 138 VL - 72 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sustainable yield KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Ecosystem management KW - Forests KW - Biological diversity KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17223745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Ecological+Foundations+of+Biodiversity%3A+Lessons+from+Natural+and+Managed+Forests+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem analysis; Biological diversity; Ecosystem management; Sustainable yield; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest Structure: A Key to the Ecosystem AN - 17223559; 4499970 AB - Forest structure is both a product and driver of ecosystem processes and biological diversity. It has become apparent in recent years that changes in forest structure as a result of management for timber production have undesirable consequences for other components of forest ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of what we have learned about the ecological roles of forest structure in the Pacific Northwest and how forest structure changes as a result of disturbance and succession. Forests are structurally diverse, but many structures derive from the same processes of disturbance and growth. Consequently, measurements on a few structural attributes can be used to estimate many other structural conditions. Particularly important components of forest structure include live-tree sizes, vertical foliage distributions, horizontal variation in canopy density, and coarse woody debris. Knowledge of the ecological roles of these structures has increased in recent years and we now have a general understanding of how these structures change during succession. Although the ecological values of forest structures are now more widely appreciated, we still have many significant knowledge gaps including the ecological roles of below-ground structure, woody debris, and landscape pattern. JF - Northwest Science AU - Spies, T A AD - USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 97331 Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 34 EP - 36 VL - 72 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Canada, Western KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Community structure KW - Stand structure KW - Forests KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17223559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Forest+Structure%3A+A+Key+to+the+Ecosystem&rft.au=Spies%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Spies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem dynamics; Forests; Stand structure; Community structure; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can Ecosystem-process Studies Contribute to New Management Strategies in Coastal Pacific Northwest and Alaska? AN - 17223423; 4500023 AB - The question of whether ecosystem process studies can be made relevant to new, emerging management strategies to achieve ecosystem sustainability on U.S. Federal lands is addressed by examining a small sample of studies underway in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Processes being studied by many researchers--other than those directly associated with habitat creation--appear largely unrelated to policy statements such as the Northwest Forest Plan (ROD 1994). Yet these processes appear to underpin the broader goals of ecosystem sustainability and, fundamentally, the Plan itself. Studies of successional, windthrow, podzolization, and productivity processes in southeast Alaska forests, and studies on the role of early-successional species in changing mineral-soil organic matter in Pacific Northwest forests, are briefly described. Examples are given of how to use information from these studies in management strategies, some of which are being implemented by managers. We conclude that management studies--designed with help from ecosystem-process researchers--are a viable method to link process research with management for ecosystem sustainability. JF - Northwest Science AU - Bormann, B T AU - Kramer, M G AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA, Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 97331 Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 77 EP - 83 VL - 72 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Alaska KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sustainable yield KW - Forest management KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Forests KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17223423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Can+Ecosystem-process+Studies+Contribute+to+New+Management+Strategies+in+Coastal+Pacific+Northwest+and+Alaska%3F&rft.au=Bormann%2C+B+T%3BKramer%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem analysis; Sustainable yield; Forests; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of selected allelochemicals on germination of conidia and blastospores and mycelial growth of the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) AN - 17208893; 4495574 AB - Selected allelochemicals that protect plants from invasion by plant pathogenic fungi were investigated for their activity against the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. The alkaloids tomatine, solanine, and camptothecin; the furanocoumarin, xanthotoxin; and the phenolic, tannic acid were tested for their effects on germination of conidia and blastospores and growth of mycelia. The LC sub(50) values (corresponding to 50% inhibition of germination) for tomatine, solanine, camptothecin, xanthotoxin and tannic acid were 51.6, 95.9, 55.9, 83.0 and 72.8 mg/l respectively. When blastospores were placed on media containing a concentration of the individual allelochemicals that inhibit germination in approximately 50% of conidia, all but blastospores on tomatine had significantly less germination than did aerial conidia. Growth rates of mycelia were slowest in the camptothecin medium, followed by those of tomatine and xanthotoxin and were not significantly different from controls in the media containing solanine and tannic acid. A multitude of biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for specificity and degree of pathogenicity of entomopathogens. The effect of crop plant chemistry on the efficacy of entomopathogens should be quantified further in order to maximize their potential when used concomitantly with resistant plant varieties. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Lacey, LA AU - Mercadier, G AD - USDA-ARS, Yakima Ag. Res. Lab., 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 17 EP - 25 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - camptothecin KW - furanocoumarin KW - solanine KW - tannic acid KW - tomatine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Spore germination KW - Mycelia KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17208893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+selected+allelochemicals+on+germination+of+conidia+and+blastospores+and+mycelial+growth+of+the+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29&rft.au=Lacey%2C+LA%3BMercadier%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Spore germination; Mycelia; Antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone exposure and nitrogen deposition lowers root biomass of ponderosa pine in the San Bernardino Mountains, California AN - 17207169; 4498873 AB - Decreased root biomass in forest trees in response to anthropogenic pollutants is believed to be one of the first steps in forest health degradation. Although decreased root biomass has been observed in controlled experiments, ozone effects on mature tree roots in natural stands has not previously been documented. Here we report standing root biomass of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) at three sites in the San Bernardino Mountains distributed along a known, long-term pollution gradient of ozone and nitrogen deposition. Trees at each site were assessed for foliar ozone injury and below-ground attributes, in addition to other environmental factors known to influence root growth. During the period of peak root growth in the spring, root biomass at the least polluted site was 6-14 times greater than that observed at the most polluted site. Known differences in climatic and edaphic factors among the sites potentially contributing to the observed response were discounted as primary contributors to the response since in most cases the site differences would have driven the patterns of root growth in the opposite direction to that observed. Differences in biotic competitive interactions, also known to affect root growth, did not explain the observed pattern for the same reason. The data suggests that elevated ozone, high nitrogen deposition, and possibly other contributing factors such as soil acidification are primarily responsible for lowering root biomass in ponderosa pine stands in the San Bernardino Mountains. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Grulke, N E AU - Andersen, C P AU - Fenn, ME AU - Miller, PR AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, ngrulke@deltanet.com Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 63 EP - 73 VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - USA, California, San Bernardino Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Climate KW - Pollution effects KW - Biomass KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Ozone KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17207169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Ozone+exposure+and+nitrogen+deposition+lowers+root+biomass+of+ponderosa+pine+in+the+San+Bernardino+Mountains%2C+California&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BAndersen%2C+C+P%3BFenn%2C+ME%3BMiller%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Biomass; Air pollution; Climate; Pollutant deposition; Nitrogen; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geomorphic variation in riparian tree mortality and stream coarse woody debris recruitment from record flooding in a coastal plain stream AN - 17174716; 4470801 AB - Large floods are an important process controlling the structure and function of stream ecosystems. One of the ways floods affect streams is through the recruitment of coarse woody debris from stream-side forests. Stream valley geomorphology may mediate this interaction by altering flood velocity, depth, and duration. Little research has examined how floods and geomorphic features interact to control debris recruitment from riparian forests. With this in mind, we examined debris recruitment resulting from tree mortality during a record flood in a Georgia (U.S.A.) stream. We quantified debris characteristics as related to riparian geomorphology, and we examined the influence of floods on the structure of stream-side forests. The flood killed, and recruited into the stream debris pool, an average of 22 trees/km. Variation in recruitment was related to geomorphology; mortality was highest in reaches having narrow valleys and high elevations of riparian landforms, while it was lowest in reaches having wide valleys and low landform elevations. Species differed in probability of mortality; three taxa, out of 47, contributed 75% of new debris to the stream. The structure of stream-side forests reflected the influence of floods on tree mortality; forests along constrained reaches lack small individuals. Our results suggest that constrained reaches are the primary sources of debris during large floods, while unconstrained reaches function as debris sinks. Debris characteristics may be linked to floods through tree demography. Specifically, large floods have the potential to limit future recruitment of larger-sized susceptible species into the stream, by limiting the number of small trees that grow into the canopy. JF - Ecoscience AU - Palik, B AU - Golladay, S W AU - Goebel, P C AU - Taylor, B W AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Lab, 1831 Hwy. 169E, Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744, USA, bpalik/nc_grandrapidss.fed.us Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 551 EP - 560 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1195-6860, 1195-6860 KW - USA, Georgia KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Trees KW - Stand structure KW - Streams KW - Flood plains KW - Geomorphology KW - Flooding KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Deposition KW - Detritus KW - D 04315:Riverbasins KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17174716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecoscience&rft.atitle=Geomorphic+variation+in+riparian+tree+mortality+and+stream+coarse+woody+debris+recruitment+from+record+flooding+in+a+coastal+plain+stream&rft.au=Palik%2C+B%3BGolladay%2C+S+W%3BGoebel%2C+P+C%3BTaylor%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecoscience&rft.issn=11956860&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Geomorphology; Flood plains; Trees; Stand structure; Flooding; Deposition; Detritus; Streams; Riparian vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity among Paspalum spp. as determined by RFLPs AN - 17158686; 4449663 AB - The genus Paspalum is characterized by over 400 species that are indigenous to a wide range of stressful habitats and marginal environments. Fifty-one accessions representing 29 Paspalum species were analyzed for DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Fifteen random genomic probes were used in combination with restriction enzyme EcoRI to detect RFLPs, and data were analyzed phenetically. Hybridization with the 15 selected clones resulted in the detection of 261 RFLPs. Among the 261 restriction fragments scored, 204 (78.2%) were phenetically informative. Extensive RFLP variation was found between the species studied. Species affinities based on RFLP data were found to be in close agreement with previously determined relationships based on both morphological and cytological characteristics. JF - Euphytica AU - Jarret, R L AU - Liu, Zhaowei W AU - Webster, R W AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Genetic Resources, Georgia Experiment Station, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - RFLP KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genetic diversity KW - Paspalum KW - Habitat KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17158686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+among+Paspalum+spp.+as+determined+by+RFLPs&rft.au=Jarret%2C+R+L%3BLiu%2C+Zhaowei+W%3BWebster%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Jarret&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paspalum; Habitat; Genetic diversity; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology and management of Melaleuca quinquenervia, an invader of wetlands in Florida, USA AN - 17152848; 4451084 AB - Invasive weeds are potent agents of environmental change. Wetlands are valuable environments that frequently are impinged by a variety of threats including invasive weeds. Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (broad-leaved paperbark), though experiencing major diminishment of native populations in Australia, is naturalized and highly invasive in most wetland habitats of south Florida, U.S.A., where it infests more than 202,000 ha. Wetlands in south Florida, including such renowned areas as the Everglades, are being transformed into M. quinquenervia swamps, with major environmental and economic impacts. Current management methods include herbicides, mechanical or hand removal of plants, flooding, and prescribed burning. Insufficient information, high costs, non-target impacts, and the resilience of M. quinquenervia (trunk and root sprouts and massive canopy seed banks) greatly constrain the effectiveness of these control methods. Biological control offers long-term management potential, most likely by reducing the rate of spread and the vitality and growth rate of plants, thus rendering them more vulnerable to other environmental stresses and control methods. The leaf weevil Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe, a natural enemy of M. quinquenervia in Australia, will likely be the first biocontrol agent released against the weed in Florida. More information is needed, especially ecological data, to better understand the invasiveness of M. quinquenervia in Florida and to facilitate its management there. JF - Wetlands Ecology and Management AU - Turner, CE AU - Center, T D AU - Burrows, D W AU - Buckingham, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Aquatic Plant Management Lab, 3205 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 165 EP - 178 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 0923-4861, 0923-4861 KW - Bottle brush tree KW - Cajeput tree KW - USA, Florida KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Biological control KW - Weeds KW - Invasiveness KW - Exotic species KW - Ecosystem management KW - Wetlands KW - Land management KW - Vegetation KW - Weed control KW - Oxyops vitiosa KW - Plant control KW - Melaleuca quinquenervia KW - Introduced species KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08221:General KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04710:Control KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17152848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Ecology+and+management+of+Melaleuca+quinquenervia%2C+an+invader+of+wetlands+in+Florida%2C+USA&rft.au=Turner%2C+CE%3BCenter%2C+T+D%3BBurrows%2C+D+W%3BBuckingham%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=09234861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Ecology and management of wetland plant invasions. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Weeds; Plant control; Ecosystem management; Wetlands; Introduced species; Invasiveness; Exotic species; Vegetation; Weed control; Land management; Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public version on ecological restoration. A snapshot from the Chicago area AN - 17150569; 4440983 AB - Most endorse goals. It's the means that provoke controversy. JF - Restoration & Management Notes AU - Barro, S C AU - Bright, AD AD - Res. Social Sci., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 845 Chicago Ave., Suite 225, Evanston, IL 60202, USA, sbarro/nc@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 59 EP - 65 PB - University of Wisconsin Press VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0733-0707, 0733-0707 KW - USA, Illinois KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17150569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.atitle=Public+version+on+ecological+restoration.+A+snapshot+from+the+Chicago+area&rft.au=Barro%2C+S+C%3BBright%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Barro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.issn=07330707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical and symbiotic properties of histidine-requiring mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii AN - 17114337; 4417321 AB - A perturbation of the histidine biosynthetic pathway in legume microsymbionts can abolish their symbiotic competence. Twenty-one histidine-requiring (His super(-)) mutants were isolated from berseem clover-nodulating, symbiotically-competent (Nod super(+), Fix super(+)) Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. `trifolii' strain RTH 48 Sm super(r) by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) mutagenesis followed by enrichment. These mutants were analysed for their biochemical defect and the corresponding effect, if any, on their symbiotic abilities. Cross-feeding, supplementation and enzymatic studies identified three types of mutants. Group 1 mutants, His-2 and His-12, grew with histidine supplementation but not with the addition of either L-histidinol or L-histidinol phosphate to the medium; they lacked histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) activity and consequently formed only ineffective, or `non-fixing' nodules. Group 2 mutant, His-17, grew when supplemented with either L-histidinol or L-histidine, had low histidinol phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.15) activity (37% of wild-type), and consequently failed to nodulate berseem clover. Group 3, the remaining 18 mutants, grew when supplemented with L-histidinol phosphate, L-histidinol or histidine, and did not nodulate. Typically, reversion rates were between 10 super(-7) and 10 super(-8). Defects in early steps of the pathway abolished nodulating ability, whereas lesions in the last step did not. The last step, however, was required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It is hypothesized that histidine may be supplied by the host in sufficient quantity for nodulation by histidinol dehydrogenase mutants to occur, whereas the amount provided in the nodule may be insufficient to support bacteroid development and nitrogen fixation. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Yadav, A S AU - Vashishat, R K AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Hashem, F M AD - USDA, ARS, Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 22 EP - 26 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - histidine KW - legumes KW - mutants KW - nitrogen fixation KW - symbiosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rhizobium leguminosarum KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17114337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+and+symbiotic+properties+of+histidine-requiring+mutants+of+Rhizobium+leguminosarum+biovar+trifolii&rft.au=Yadav%2C+A+S%3BVashishat%2C+R+K%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D%3BHashem%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Yadav&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium leguminosarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing point-count duration increases standard error AN - 17110858; 4408924 AB - We examined data from point counts of varying duration in bottomland forests of west Tennessee and the Mississippi Alluvial Valley to determine if counting interval influenced sampling precision. Estimates of standard error increased as point-count duration increased for cumulative number of both individuals and species in both locations. Although point counts appear to yield data with standard errors proportional to means, a square root transformation of the data may stabilize the variance. Using long (>10 min) point counts may reduce sample size and increase sampling error, both of which diminish statistical power and thereby the ability to detect meaningful changes in avian populations. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Smith, W P AU - Twedt, D J AU - Hamel, P B AU - Ford, R P AU - Wiedenfeld, DA AU - Cooper, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane-Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 450 EP - 456 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Birds KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Counting methods KW - Forests KW - Population studies KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17110858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Increasing+point-count+duration+increases+standard+error&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BTwedt%2C+D+J%3BHamel%2C+P+B%3BFord%2C+R+P%3BWiedenfeld%2C+DA%3BCooper%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Population studies; Forests; Counting methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latitudinal variation in sex ratios of Belted Kingfishers AN - 17107372; 4408917 AB - Data from the Bird Banding Laboratory and Christmas Bird Counts indicated that northern populations of Belted Kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon) were composed of proportionately more males than southern populations during fall and winter. The pattern of male bias in northern populations was also evident in fall/winter census data from an intensive study in Colorado, USA. Bird Banding Laboratory data indicated that the fall/winter trend in sex ratio was not maintained during spring/summer. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Kelly, J F AD - USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Sta., 2205 Columbia, SE, Albuqerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 386 EP - 390 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Belted kingfisher KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sex ratio KW - Geographical variations KW - Ceryle alcyon KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17107372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Latitudinal+variation+in+sex+ratios+of+Belted+Kingfishers&rft.au=Kelly%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceryle alcyon; Geographical variations; Seasonal variations; Sex ratio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships of ozone exposure to pine injury in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains of California, USA AN - 17106195; 4419813 AB - Hourly ambient ozone exposure data and crown injury measurements were gathered in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains of California to develop relationships between the Ozone Injury Index (OII), the Forest Pest Management Index (FPM), chlorotic mottle, fascicle retention (OII index components) and cumulative ambient ozone indices for Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws and Pinus jeffreyi Grev. and Balf. Eleven sites located in the mixed conifer forest near ambient ozone monitoring sites were evaluated annually for 4 years. Four other sites in the San Bernardino Mountains were evaluated for 1 year. Analyses showed OII to be functionally equivalent (r super(2)=0.96) to the FPM, and to depend only on fascicle retention and chlorotic mottle (R super(2)=0.95) of the fourth whorl (or if four whorls are not present at the site, then the last whorl present for the majority of trees). Significant associations were found between OII and 4-year 24-h. summer SUM0, SUM06, W126 and HRS80 ozone indices. Three sites had higher levels of cumulative chlorotic mottle for individual whorls and larger numbers of trees with visible crown injury than other sites with similar cumulative ambient ozone levels. Including an indicator variable to discriminate between these two groups of sites increased R super(2) and decreased root mean square (RMSE) for all indices, especially SUM0 (R super(2)=0.93, RMSE reduced by 46%). JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Arbaugh, MJ AU - Miller, PR AU - Carroll, J J AU - Takemoto, B AU - Procter, T AD - Riverside Fire Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside CA, USA, marbaugh@deltanet.com Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 291 EP - 301 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pinus jeffreyi KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - USA, California, San Bernardino Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17106195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Relationships+of+ozone+exposure+to+pine+injury+in+the+Sierra+Nevada+and+San+Bernardino+Mountains+of+California%2C+USA&rft.au=Arbaugh%2C+MJ%3BMiller%2C+PR%3BCarroll%2C+J+J%3BTakemoto%2C+B%3BProcter%2C+T&rft.aulast=Arbaugh&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Air pollution; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal transformation of fluometuron and atrazine by N-dealkylation AN - 17105146; 4415394 AB - The potential for super(14)C-fluometuron (N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenylurea]) degradation in unialgal cultures of 15 strains of green algae and 2 species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was investigated. Eight of 15 algal strains (Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus and Selenastrum species) metabolized fluometuron via N-demethylation to desmethyl fluometuron. The highest fluometuron-demethylation activity was observed in the genera Ankistrodesmus (A. falcatus and A. cf. nannoselene) and Selenastrum (S. capricornutum, S. gracile and S. minutum) with complete sequential demethylation to trifluoromethylphenylurea observed in certain strains. Low levels of fluometuron-demethylating activity in certain algal strains may be due to herbicide toxicity. Algal strains (Ankistrodesmus and Selenastrum sp.) that metabolize fluometuron via N-demethylation also transform the herbicide atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) by N-dealkylation to deethylatrazine, however this activity is several-fold lower than fluometuron-demethylation activity. Our study indicates that algae have the potential to contribute to herbicide transformations in aquatic environments via N-dealkylation transformations. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Schrader, K K AU - Locke, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 511 EP - 528 VL - 33B IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Ankistrodesmus KW - N-dealkylation KW - Selenastrum KW - dealkylation KW - fluometuron KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pediastrum KW - Algae KW - Scenedesmus KW - Aquatic environment KW - Cyanophyta KW - Biodegradation KW - Herbicides KW - Chlorella KW - Atrazine KW - Pesticides KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Algal+transformation+of+fluometuron+and+atrazine+by+N-dealkylation&rft.au=Zablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BSchrader%2C+K+K%3BLocke%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Zablotowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=33B&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ankistrodesmus; Chlorella; Pediastrum; Scenedesmus; Selenastrum; Pesticides; Herbicides; Atrazine; Cyanophyta; Algae; Biodegradation; Aquatic environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface energy balance partitioning over rye and oats cover crops in central Iowa AN - 17103087; 4411718 AB - Evaporation from fields, sub-basins, and watersheds during the fall and winter period has been assumed insignificant relative to the yearly water balance. The partitioning of surface energy balance components over an oat/rye cover crop during the fall and winter periods has not been routinely conducted and is not entirely understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate surface energy partitioning over an oat/rye cover crop and bare soil beyond the normal growing season. In central Iowa three fields representing an oat and rye cover crop and a bare soil were instrumented to measure net radiation, soil, sensible and latent heat fluxes using a Bowenratio technique. Monitoring from October through March was conducted for three years beginning in 1994 and ending in 1997. Results show that energy partitioning at the surface over rye, oats, and bare soil during the fall/winter period is driven by climate, snow, residue cover, and available energy. Seasonal evaporation totals from mid-October through late-February ranged from 118 to 205 mm for the 3 year study. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Prueger, J H AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Sauer, T J AD - USDA, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 263 EP - 268 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cultivated lands KW - Radiation KW - Evaporation KW - Energy KW - Hydrologic budget KW - Watersheds KW - Monitoring KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17103087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Surface+energy+balance+partitioning+over+rye+and+oats+cover+crops+in+central+Iowa&rft.au=Prueger%2C+J+H%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BSauer%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Prueger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cultivated lands; Radiation; Evaporation; Energy; Hydrologic budget; Monitoring; Watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential NLEAP simulations to examine effect of early and late planted winter cover crops on nitrogen dynamics AN - 17102698; 4411713 AB - In different studies conducted during the last 10 years, underground well water NO sub(3) super(-)-N concentrations have been found to exceed drinking water standards of 10 mg NO sub(3) super(-)-N L super(-1) (10 ppm) for some areas of the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado. Some of these studies reported that NO sub(3) super(-)-N leaching is a factor that can contribute to these high well water NO sub(3) super(-)-N concentrations. Computer models are technology transfer tools that can assess impacts of best irrigation and nutrient management practices. Sequential computer simulations of the effects of winter cover crop planting date on residual soil NO sub(3) super(-)-N concentrations have not been previously conducted. The new version 1.2 of the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model was used to conduct an assessment of the effect of winter cover crop planting date on conservation of water quality. The NLEAP model simulated a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) - winter cover wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) (early- or late-planted) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotation, grown on a center-pivot irrigated Kerber loamy sand. Winter cover crops increased the system N use efficiency (NUE) (P<0.05). The effect of early-planted winter cover crops on conservation of water quality extended into the potato growing season, increasing NUE and reducing NO sub(3) super(-)-N leaching (P<0.05). JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AD - USDA-ARS/SPNRU, Ft. Collins, CO. 80522, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 241 EP - 244 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water pollution control KW - Agricultural practices KW - Leaching KW - Computer models KW - Nitrates KW - Wells KW - Irrigation KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Nutrients KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Sequential+NLEAP+simulations+to+examine+effect+of+early+and+late+planted+winter+cover+crops+on+nitrogen+dynamics&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water pollution control; Agricultural practices; Leaching; Nitrates; Computer models; Wells; Irrigation; Groundwater pollution; Nutrients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cover crop and soil quality interactions in agroecosystems AN - 17102121; 4411711 AB - Maintaining environmental quality implies sustainable agricultural production systems that preserve and protect soil resources. Cover crops play a dual role maintaining resource quality by providing ground cover to prevent wind and water erosion and carbon input to enhance soil quality. Carbon input from cover crops and crop stover play a vital role in agroecosystems for insuring long-term economic benefits with minimal impact on soil, water and air quality. The fresh carbon from cover crops is critical because of the role of the soil organic carbon cycle in controlling water, temperature, aeration, and soil structure. Both aboveground and root biomass are important to chemical and biological properties for the role in nutrient cycling. The benefits of available nitrogen from symbiotic fixation makes legume cover crops an environmental and economic preference. Use of selected cover crops and associated allelopathic effects can reduce chemicals required for weed control. While there are positive and negative aspects of cover crops from the economic viewpoint, when environmental costs are properly credited, cover crops surface as a major contribution to soil and environmental quality. The challenge is to assure cost-effective production using cover crops to maintain a healthy environment, a healthy economy, and a high quality of life. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Reicosky, D C AU - Forcella, F AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Central Soil Conservation Research Lab, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 224 EP - 229 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - cover crops KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural practices KW - Organic carbon KW - Environmental quality KW - Soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacy&rft.atitle=Best+practice+strategies+to+safeguard+drug+prescribing+and+drug+administration%3A+an+anthology+of+expert+views+and+opinions&rft.au=Seidling%2C+Hanna+M%3BSt%C3%BCtzle%2C+Marion%3BHoppe-tichy%2C+Torsten%3BAllenet%2C+Beno%C3%AEt%3BBedouch%2C+Pierrick%3BBonnabry%2C+Pascal%3BColeman%2C+Jamie+J%3BFernandez-llimos%2C+Fernando%3BLovis%2C+Christian%3BRei%2C+Maria+Jose%3BSt%C3%B6rzinger%2C+Dominic%3BTaylor%2C+Lenka+A%3BPontefract%2C+Sarah+K%3Bvan+den+Bemt%2C+Patricia+M%3B+L%3B+A%3Bvan+der+Sijs%2C+Heleen%3BHaefeli%2C+Walter+E&rft.aulast=Seidling&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacy&rft.issn=22107703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11096-016-0253-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural practices; Organic carbon; Environmental quality; Soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial analysis of biomass and N accumulation of a winter wheat cover crop grown after a drought-stressed corn in the SE coastal plain AN - 17101656; 4411717 AB - Spatial variability in crop yield can cause large within-field differences in fertilizer N removal. Cereal winter cover crops can trap the residual N, but their ability to do so partially depends on the soil conditions that determine growth. Our objective was to determine site-specific effects of soil variation on biomass and N accumulation by a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop that was grown after a droughted corn (Zea maize L.) corp. In 1993, corn was grown with an applied fertilizer N rate of 129 kg ha super(-1) on an 8-ha field near Florence, SC. Nitrogen removed by grain at 10 locations (representing six soil types) ranged from 14 to 41 kg N ha super(-1). Wheat was planted in November without additional fertilizer N. Wheat biomass and N content were measured on 15 March, 15 April, and 14 May. Inorganic soil N to a depth of 90 cm was measured on 22 March 1994 and ranged from 49 to 95 kg ha super(-1). By mid-March, wheat accumulated 49% of its total N but only 14% of its biomass of that measured in May. After mid-April, significant increases in N accumulation occurred at only two sites. Biomass accumulation by mid-May ranged from 2032 to 7914 kg ha super(-1) and N accumulation ranged from 19 to 52 kg ha super(-1). The amount of variability among sites for wheat biomass was greater than the amount of variability among sites for N. Variation for wheat biomass and N accumulation within soil map units was similar to the amount of variation among soil map units. Most of the variability was caused by differences in sites within and among soils associated with depression areas. Around these depression areas, site-specific management of N inputs appears more effective than cover crops at reducing N losses to the environment. Away from these areas, cover crops should be predictable and reliable in trapping N and increasing soil organic matter. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Bauer, P J AU - Sadler, E J AU - Busscher, W J AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 259 EP - 262 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Cultivated lands KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fertilizers KW - Cereal crops KW - Corn KW - Coastal plains KW - Drought KW - Soil organic matter KW - Wheat KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Spatial+analysis+of+biomass+and+N+accumulation+of+a+winter+wheat+cover+crop+grown+after+a+drought-stressed+corn+in+the+SE+coastal+plain&rft.au=Bauer%2C+P+J%3BSadler%2C+E+J%3BBusscher%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cultivated lands; Fertilizers; Agricultural practices; Cereal crops; Corn; Coastal plains; Soil organic matter; Drought; Wheat; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cropping system influences on several soil quality attributes in the northern Great Plains AN - 17101346; 4411716 AB - Crop-fallow using conventional mechanical tillage has been the traditional management practice for farmers in the semi-arid northern Great Plains. This practice reduces soil quality and is not sustainable. More intensive management systems utilizing reduced- or notillage, fertilization to meet a yield goal, and systems producing a crop annually are being developed. In 1984, a study was initiated to compare crop yield, water-use efficiency, and nutrient-use efficiency under a spring wheat-fallow system to that under a spring wheat-winter wheat-sunflower annual cropping system. In 1995, soil samples were collected and laboratory analyses performed to quantify a number of soil quality attributes and determine the effect these management practices have had on soil quality after 11 years. Soil quality attributes were greater under annual cropping than under crop-fallow and improved as tillage intensity decreased. These results suggest that the more intensive management strategies are more sustainable. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Halvorson, AD AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Soil and Water Conservation Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 254 EP - 258 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fertilizers KW - Land management KW - Tillage KW - Plant growth KW - Soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+several+soil+quality+attributes+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BHalvorson%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Agricultural practices; Land management; Tillage; Plant growth; Soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cover crop impacts on watershed hydrology AN - 17100663; 4411708 AB - Cover crops alter many aspects of the hydrologic cycle. They increase evapotranspiration while growing and can enhance water infiltration into soil, slow runoff rates, and reduce soil erosion in both conventional-till and no-till systems throughout the year. However, the difference between the results of plot and watershed studies demonstrate that caution should be taken in extrapolating plot data to watershed scales. As scale increases, so does the influence of hydraulically-controlling subsurface soil horizons. Unfortunately, most of the available cover crop research comes from relatively small plots and very few watershed studies have been initiated in recent years. Perennial cover crops offer the potential for altering the porosity of subsurface soil horizons so as to increase future soil productivity and reduce future runoff amounts and rates. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Dabney, S M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS, UK Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 207 EP - 213 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural practices KW - Tillage KW - Porosity KW - Infiltration KW - Watershed management KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Hydrologic budget KW - Runoff KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17100663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Cover+crop+impacts+on+watershed+hydrology&rft.au=Dabney%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Dabney&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural practices; Tillage; Porosity; Infiltration; Watershed management; Evapotranspiration; Hydrologic budget; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil processes and global change AN - 17098386; 4403281 AB - Contributors to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) generally agree that increases in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse trace gases (i.e., CO sub(2), CH sub(4), N sub(2)O, O sub(3)) since preindustrial times, about the year 1750, have led to changes in the earth's climate. During the past 250 years the atmospheric concentrations of CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O have increased by 30, 145, and 15%, respectively. A doubling of preindustrial CO sub(2) concentrations by the end of the twenty-first century is expected to raise global mean surface temperature by about 2 degree C and increase the frequency of severe weather events. These increases are attributed mainly to fossil fuel use, land-use change, and agriculture. Soils and climate changes are related by bidirectional interactions. Soil processes directly affect climatic changes through the production and consumption of CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O and, indirectly, through the production and consumption of NH sub(3), NO sub(x), and CO. Although CO sub(2) is primarily produced through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, conversion of forest and grasslands to agriculture, have contributed significantly to atmospheric increase of CO sub(2). Changes in land use and management can also result in the net uptake, sequestration, of atmospheric CO sub(2). CH sub(4) and N sub(2)O are produced (30% and 70%, respectively) in the soil, and soil processes will likely regulate future changes in the atmospheric concentration of these gases. The soil-atmosphere exchange of CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O are interrelated, and changes in one cycle can impart changes in the N cycle and resulting soil-atmosphere exchange of N sub(2)O. Conversely, N addition increases C sequestration. On the other hand, soil processes are influenced by climatic change through imposed changes in soil temperature, soil water, and nutrient competition. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) alters plant response to environmental parameters and frequently results in increased efficiency in use of N and water. In annual crops increased CO sub(2) generally leads to increased crop productivity. In natural systems, the long-term impact of increased CO sub(2) on ecosystem sustainability is not known. These changes may also result in altered CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O exchange with the soil. Because of large temporal and spatial variability in the soil-atmosphere exchange of trace gases, the measurement of the absolute amount and prediction of the changes of these fluxes, as they are impacted by global change on regional and global scales, is still difficult. In recent years, however, much progress has been made in decreasing the uncertainty of field scale flux measurements, and efforts are being directed to large scale field and modeling programs. This paper briefly relates soil process and issues akin to the soil-atmosphere exchange of CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O. The impact of climate change, particularly increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations, on soil processes is also briefly discussed. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Mosier, A R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA, amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 221 EP - 229 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Climatic changes KW - Soil KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Methane KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17098386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Soil+processes+and+global+change&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Nitrous oxide; Methane; Historical account; Atmospheric chemistry; Greenhouse gases; Carbon dioxide; Climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment and redistribution of Sphenoptera jugoslavica Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) for biological control of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lamarck) in the midwestern and western United States AN - 17098209; 4409205 AB - Sphenoptera jugoslavica Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a root boring beetle imported to the United States as a biological control agent against Centaurea diffusa Lamarck (Asterales: Asteraceae). United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine personnel and research collaborators conducted an intensive collection and redistribution program, releasing this biological control agent in 11 states and 61 counties from 1980 to 1996. Establishment and recovery has been confirmed in 8 states and 48 counties. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Lang, R F AU - Piper, G L AU - Coombs, E M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Montana State University, P. O. Box 170278, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 27 EP - 31 VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Coleoptera KW - Metallic wood-boring beetle KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Buprestidae KW - Centaurea diffusa KW - Sphenoptera jugoslavica KW - Weed control KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17098209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+redistribution+of+Sphenoptera+jugoslavica+Obenberger+%28Coleoptera%3A+Buprestidae%29+for+biological+control+of+diffuse+knapweed+%28Centaurea+diffusa+Lamarck%29+in+the+midwestern+and+western+United+States&rft.au=Lang%2C+R+F%3BPiper%2C+G+L%3BCoombs%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Buprestidae; Centaurea diffusa; Sphenoptera jugoslavica; Biological control; Weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of salt- and thermo-tolerant Leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium strains AN - 17096906; 4403210 AB - Rhizobium-legume symbioses are important for their nitrogen input, but salinity and elevated temperature in arid and semi-arid areas limit their effectiveness, and therefore plant growth and productivity. Sixteen Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Leucaena trees grown in different geographical areas of Egypt varied in their degree of tolerance to salinity and in their symbiotic effectiveness with Leucaena leucocephala under saline conditions. Three strains were tolerant to >3% NaCl. L. leucocephala grown in the greenhouse at concentrations of NaCl up to 1.0% and inoculated either with strain DS 78 or strain DS 158 displayed significantly better growth than those plants grown at the same levels of salinity and inoculated with reference strain TAL 583. Although nine of the Rhizobium strains grew at 42 degree C, their mean generation times were lengthened two- to fourfold. When daylight growth temperatures were elevated from 30 degree C to 42 degree C, nodule number and mass, nitrogenase activities and shoot top dry weight of plants inoculated with strains DS 78, DS 157 and DS 158 significantly increased, whereas these parameters decreased in plants inoculated with strain TAL 583. Rhizobium strains that effectively nodulate Leucaena under adverse saline conditions and at high temperatures were thus isolated, identified and characterized. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Hashem, F M AU - Swelim, D M AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Mohamed, AI AU - Abdel-Wahab, S M AU - Hegazi, NI AD - Plant Sciences Institute, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, fhashem@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 335 EP - 341 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - Egypt KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Symbiosis KW - Heat tolerance KW - Leucaena KW - Salinity tolerance KW - Rhizobium KW - Nodulation KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17096906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+salt-+and+thermo-tolerant+Leucaena-nodulating+Rhizobium+strains&rft.au=Hashem%2C+F+M%3BSwelim%2C+D+M%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D%3BMohamed%2C+AI%3BAbdel-Wahab%2C+S+M%3BHegazi%2C+NI&rft.aulast=Hashem&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leucaena; Rhizobium; Salinity tolerance; Heat tolerance; Symbiosis; Nodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplementing pools of egg contents with broth culture media to improve rapid detection of Salmonella enteritidis AN - 16559436; 4384734 AB - Culturing egg contents to detect Salmonella enteritidis (SE) has become an important tool for identifying infected laying flocks and thereby reducing the transmission of SE to humans by contaminated eggs. The present study evaluated the efficacy of supplementing incubating egg pools with selective and nonselective enrichment broth media (prepared at higher than usual concentrations) for rapidly isolating SE by a direct plating culture method. When 100-ml pools of liquid whole egg from a mixture of 60 egg contents were contaminated with approximately 10 SE cells each, supplementation with ferrous sulfate or with concentrates of either tryptone soya broth or Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth significantly improved SE recovery. When 100-ml egg-contents pools were contaminated with approximately 2 SE cells each, the addition of concentrated tryptone soya broth to incubating egg pools resulted in significantly better SE recovery than did iron supplementation. Efficient presumptive detection of very low incidences and levels of SE contamination by direct plating was thus accomplished in a total of 48 h by adding concentrated tryptone soya broth to incubating egg pools. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gast, R K AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 107 EP - 109 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - detection methodology KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food KW - Eggs KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16559436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Supplementing+pools+of+egg+contents+with+broth+culture+media+to+improve+rapid+detection+of+Salmonella+enteritidis&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; Eggs; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of washing and sanitizing trailers used for swine transport in reduction of Salmonella and Escherichia coli AN - 16559012; 4384723 AB - Healthy pigs can carry Salmonella in their intestine and may shed this pathogen because of stresses incurred during transportation, contaminating trailer floors and bedding material. If not cleaned and sanitized between trips, trailers and bedding have the potential to infect other farms, the abattoir environment, or other animals with Salmonella. Floors and bedding material from pig trailers were sampled to determine the efficacy of the abattoir-developed washing and sanitizing regime on the level of Salmonella before and after a single haul. Escherichia coli levels were an indicator of high contamination. The study also determined the effect of ambient temperature (during four seasons) and of the distance the pigs traveled in the haulers (>500 miles or 0.05) in the number of Salmonella- or E. coli-positive trailers attributable to distance traveled or season of the year. These results demonstrate that washing and sanitizing the trailers after each load significantly reduced levels of Salmonella and its possible spread by the contaminated trailer and bedding, which ultimately could promote improvement in food safety. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Eblen, S AU - Laubauch, C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Wyndmore, PA, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 31 EP - 35 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Abattoirs KW - Pork KW - Disease control KW - Escherichia coli KW - Preservation KW - Food contamination KW - Salmonella KW - Sterilization KW - Disease transmission KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16559012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+washing+and+sanitizing+trailers+used+for+swine+transport+in+reduction+of+Salmonella+and+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BEblen%2C+S%3BLaubauch%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Sterilization; Food contamination; Disease transmission; Disease control; Preservation; Pork; Abattoirs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural phosphorus and water quality: sources, transport and management AN - 16551624; 4386702 AB - Freshwater eutrophication is usually controlled by inputs of phosphorus (P). To identify critical sources of P export from agricultural catchments we investigated hydrological and chemical factors controlling P export from a mixed land use (30% wooded, 50% cultivated, 20% pasture) 39.5-ha catchment in east-central Pennsylvania, USA. Mehlich-3 extractable soil P, determined on a 30-m grid over the catchment, ranged from 7 to 788 mg kg super(-1). Generally, soils in wooded areas had low Mehlich-3 P (<30 mg kg super(-1)), grazed pasture had Mehlich-3 P values between 100 and 200 mg kg super(-1), and cropped fields receiving manure and fertiliser applications were in most cases above 200 mg kg super(-1). Average P concentrations for ten storms during 1996 decreased 50% downstream from segment 4 to segment 1 (catchment outlet). Flow-weighted streamflow P concentrations were more closely related to the near-stream (within 60 m) than whole catchment distribution of high-P soils. This suggests that near-stream surface runoff and soil P are controlling P export from the catchment. Remedial measures should be targeted to these critical P source areas in a catchment. Measures include source (fertiliser and manure application) and transport management (reduce surface runoff and erosion). JF - Agricultural and Food Science in Finland AU - Sharpley, A AU - Gburek, W AU - Heathwaite, L AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, ans3su.edu Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 297 EP - 314 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1239-0992, 1239-0992 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Eutrophication KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Water quality KW - Catchment areas KW - Hydrology KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Freshwater environments KW - Streamflow KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Land use KW - Catchments KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Food+Science+in+Finland&rft.atitle=Agricultural+phosphorus+and+water+quality%3A+sources%2C+transport+and+management&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BGburek%2C+W%3BHeathwaite%2C+L&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Food+Science+in+Finland&rft.issn=12390992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pollution monitoring; Eutrophication; Agricultural pollution; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Water quality; Agricultural runoff; Runoff; Land use; Freshwater environments; Catchments; Catchment areas; Streamflow; Nonpoint pollution sources; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in environmental characteristics and vegetation in high-rainfall mangrove forests, Kosrae, Micronesia AN - 16548373; 4366773 AB - Understanding differences among fringe, riverine, and basin zones in mangrove forests may assist mangrove scientists in clarifying the relationships between tree distributions and environmental characteristics, and may assist resource managers in designing appropriate management policies for these important wetlands. This study examined differences in soil redox potential and porewater salinity as well as in characteristics and distribution of hardwood mangrove trees among these zones on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia. Neither porewater salinity nor soil redox potential differed significantly among the three types of forests. High annual rainfall (5000-6000 mm/year) and, perhaps, high rates of groundwater flow and surface runoff, may buffer these forests from extremes in salinity. Zonation of trees was not readily apparent, with Sonneratia alba J. Smith, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., and Rhizophora apiculata Bl. dominant in volume and/or density in all three zones. Tree heights were significantly shorter in fringe forests than in basin forests. Growing conditions appear to vary among the three zones, but other environmental characteristics may be responsible. Data on regeneration patterns suggest that resource managers should restrict harvesting in fringe and riverine zones and attempt to increase regeneration of S. alba in basin zones where large gaps are formed. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters AU - Ewel, K C AU - Bourgeois, JA AU - Cole, T G AU - Zheng, Songfa AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, kewelte.net Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0960-7447, 0960-7447 KW - Micronesia KW - Micronesia, Kosrae KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Forests KW - Vegetation cover KW - Salinity KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Soil properties KW - ISEW, Caroline Is., Kosrae KW - Sonneratia alba KW - Wetlands KW - Rhizophora apiculata KW - Zones KW - Ecological associations KW - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Vegetation KW - Interstitial water KW - Zonation KW - Regeneration KW - Nature conservation KW - Oxidation-reduction potential KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography+Letters&rft.atitle=Variation+in+environmental+characteristics+and+vegetation+in+high-rainfall+mangrove+forests%2C+Kosrae%2C+Micronesia&rft.au=Ewel%2C+K+C%3BBourgeois%2C+JA%3BCole%2C+T+G%3BZheng%2C+Songfa&rft.aulast=Ewel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography+Letters&rft.issn=09607447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Salinity; Ecological associations; Mangrove swamps; Regeneration; Soil properties; Physicochemical properties; Nature conservation; Forests; Interstitial water; Wetlands; Oxidation-reduction potential; Trees; Vegetation; Zonation; Vegetation patterns; Zones; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Sonneratia alba; Rhizophora apiculata; ISEW, Caroline Is., Kosrae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different kinds of mangrove forests provide different goods and services AN - 16547271; 4366777 AB - The goods and services that mangrove forests provide to society are widely understood but may be too generally stated to serve as useful guidelines in decision-making. Understanding the differences between fringe, riverine, and basin forests may help to focus these guidelines and to determine the best use of a particular forest. Fringe mangroves are important primarily for shoreline protection. Riverine forests, which are likely to be the most productive of the three types of forests, are particularly important to animal and plant productivity, perhaps because of high nutrient concentrations associated with sediment trapping. Basin forests serve as nutrient sinks for both natural and anthropogenically enhanced ecosystem processes and are often important sources of wood products. Exploitation of a forest for one particular reason may make it incapable of providing other goods and services. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters AU - Ewel, K C AU - Twilley, R R AU - Ong, Jin Eong AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, kewelte.net Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 83 EP - 94 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0960-7447, 0960-7447 KW - economic analysis KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Nutrients KW - Vegetation cover KW - Sustainable yield KW - Resource utilization KW - Coastal zone KW - Shore protection KW - Exploitation KW - Productivity KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography+Letters&rft.atitle=Different+kinds+of+mangrove+forests+provide+different+goods+and+services&rft.au=Ewel%2C+K+C%3BTwilley%2C+R+R%3BOng%2C+Jin+Eong&rft.aulast=Ewel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography+Letters&rft.issn=09607447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Vegetation cover; Coastal zone; Shore protection; Ecosystems; Mangrove swamps; Forests; Basins; Exploitation; Nutrients; Productivity; Resource utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mangroves as alien species: the case of Hawaii AN - 16545217; 4366775 AB - Prior to the early 1900s, there were no mangroves in the Hawaiian Archipelago. In 1902, Rhizophora mangle was introduced on the island of Molokai, primarily for the purpose of stabilizing coastal mud flats. This species is now well established in Hawaii, and is found on nearly all of the major islands. At least five other species of mangroves or associated species were introduced to Hawaii in the early 1900s, and while none has thrived to the degree of R. mangle, at least two have established self-maintaining populations (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Conocarpus erectus). Mangroves are highly regarded in most parts of the tropics for the ecosystem services they provide, but in Hawaii they also have important negative ecological and economic impacts. Known negative impacts include reduction in habitat quality for endangered waterbirds such as the Hawaiian stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), colonization of habitats to the detriment of native species (e.g. in anchialine pools), overgrowing native Hawaiian archaeological sites, and causing drainage and aesthetic problems. Positive impacts appear to be fewer, but include uses of local importance, such as harvesting B. gymnorrhiza flowers for lei-making, as well as some ecological services attributed to mangroves elsewhere, such as sediment retention and organic matter export. From a research perspective, possible benefits of the presence of mangroves in Hawaii include an unusual opportunity to evaluate their functional role in coastal ecosystems and the chance to examine unique or rare species interactions. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters AU - Allen, JA AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, jimallente.net Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 61 EP - 71 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0960-7447, 0960-7447 KW - Button mangrove KW - Mangrove KW - USA, Hawaii KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecological effects KW - Ecosystems KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Retention KW - Distribution records KW - Exotic species KW - Conocarpus erectus KW - Coasts KW - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza KW - Organic matter KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Population establishment KW - Rhizophora mangle KW - Economic aspects KW - Sediments KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Coastal zone KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Introduced species KW - Benefits KW - Mangroves KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08222:Geographical distribution KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16545217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography+Letters&rft.atitle=Mangroves+as+alien+species%3A+the+case+of+Hawaii&rft.au=Allen%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography+Letters&rft.issn=09607447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Distribution records; Ecosystems; Organic matter; Mangrove swamps; Introduced species; Ecosystem disturbance; Mangroves; Sediments; Coasts; Retention; Population establishment; Ecosystem analysis; Exotic species; Ecological effects; Benefits; Economic aspects; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Conocarpus erectus; Rhizophora mangle; ISE, USA, Hawaii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential risk to ring-necked pheasants from application of toxic bait for blackbird control in South Dakota AN - 16528667; 4367802 AB - Blackbird (Icterinae) damage to sunflowers in the northern Great Plains can be locally severe. One approach to alleviating depredation pressure is to reduce blackbird populations through application of brown rice bait treated with the avicide DRC-1339. Because such baiting can potentially affect nontarget species, we conducted pen and field trials to evaluate the potential risk from avicide baiting to ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Although most female pheasants in pen tests preferred cracked corn and sorghum, 2 of 12 birds preferred brown rice. In 4-day trials within a 0.2-ha flight pen, pheasant consumption of brown rice from bait swaths simulating field bait applications was not affected by the presence of an alternate bait swath of cracked corn. Pen trials to evaluate possible avoidance responses following a sublethal dose of DRC-1339 showed that 2 of 7 birds shifted from their previously preferred feeding sites following exposure to the avicide. During March and April 1995, we recorded pheasant numbers in 6 pairs of 0.8-ha plots in corn stubble fields that were either baited with brown rice or were designated as reference plots. Overall, use of test plots was low, but at the most heavily used sites, pheasants visited reference plots more than baited plots (P = 0.004). We conclude that (1) pheasants will eat brown rice treated with DRC-1339; and (2) although chances of exposure to an acute lethal dose can be reduced by increasing the dilution, harmful repeated doses could be obtained because avoidance of feeding sites, following sublethal exposure, cannot be assumed. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Avery, M L AU - Kenyon, MJ AU - Linz, G M AU - Bergman, D L AU - Decker, D G AU - Humphrey, J S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 2820 East University Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32641, USA, dwrc-ffs@afn.org Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 388 EP - 394 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ring-necked pheasant KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16528667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Potential+risk+to+ring-necked+pheasants+from+application+of+toxic+bait+for+blackbird+control+in+South+Dakota&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BKenyon%2C+MJ%3BLinz%2C+G+M%3BBergman%2C+D+L%3BDecker%2C+D+G%3BHumphrey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A position paper on selenium in ecotoxicology: A procedure for deriving site-specific water quality criteria AN - 16526365; 4367972 AB - This paper describes a method for deriving site-specific water quality criteria for selenium using a two-step process: (1) gather information on selenium residues and biological effects at the site and in down-gradient systems and (2) examine criteria based on the degree of bioaccumulation, the relationship between measured residues and threshold concentrations for reproductive effects in fish and wildlife, and any observed reproductive impacts. Several outcomes are possible--criteria can be left unmodified, adjusted upward by a fixed amount (50%), or adjusted downward by one of three amounts (25, 50, or 75%). A criterion (existing or proposed) is lowered or raised by an amount that is proportional to the magnitude of bioaccumulation and toxic effects present--i.e., the degree of biological hazard. Criteria can be modified under two circumstances: (1) diagnostic residues and toxic effects must be coupled (present) in order to lower a criterion or (2) diagnostic residues and toxic effects must be coupled (absent) in order to raise a criterion. Coupling residues and effects makes the procedure sensitive to the natural inter- and intraspecific variation in bioaccumulation and toxic responses exhibited by fish and wildlife in aquatic ecosystems. The goal is to establish criteria that keep food-chain bioaccumulation below levels that result in toxicity to fish and wildlife. Precautions are given for those attempting to apply the generic EPA model for implementing national water quality criteria to a site-specific selenium criterion. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Lemly, AD AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Water quality KW - Selenium KW - Toxicology KW - Pollution detection KW - Water quality criteria KW - Wildlife KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Aquatic environment KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Fish KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=A+position+paper+on+selenium+in+ecotoxicology%3A+A+procedure+for+deriving+site-specific+water+quality+criteria&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Selenium; Bioaccumulation; Pollution detection; Pollution effects; Fish; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Water quality; Aquatic environment; Toxicology; Wildlife; Aquatic ecosystems; Water quality criteria; aquatic ecosystems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetoin production as an indicator of growth and metabolic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 16504020; 4413851 AB - It has been shown that Listeria monocytogenes produces acetoin from glucose under aerobic conditions. A defined medium with glucose as the sole carbon source was used in an aerobic shake flask culture to reliably produce acetoin. Acetoin, the reactive compound in the Voges-Proskauer test, was assayable in the medium and was used to quantify the metabolic response when inhibitors were added to the medium. Inhibitors such as lactic, acetic, propionic and benzoic acids were used to demonstrate the utility of acetoin production as an indicator of metabolic disruption. With increasing levels of inhibitor, the metabolic and growth responses were measured by acetoin production and optical density change, respectively. Both measurements decreased in a similar manner with increasing inhibitor concentrations. The data also showed the apparent mode of action of the inhibitors. A bacteriostatic effect was observed for the protonated organic acids, acetic (4 mmol l super(-1)) and propionic (4 mmol l super(-1)), whereas protonated lactic (4 mmol l super(-1)) and benzoic (0 times 16 mmol l super(-1)) acids gave an irreversible (apparent bacteriocidal) effect. Lactic, acetic, and propionic acids showed stimulation of metabolic activity at low concentrations, but benzoic did not. Acetoin production is a novel method for quantifying and assessing the mode of action of inhibitors against L. monocytogenes. This system can be used to screen inhibitors for applications in food safety. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Romick, T L AU - Fleming, H P AD - USDA-ARS, Box 7624, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 18 EP - 24 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - acetic acid KW - acetoin KW - benzoic acid KW - inhibitors KW - lactic acid KW - propionic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Acetoin+production+as+an+indicator+of+growth+and+metabolic+inhibition+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Romick%2C+T+L%3BFleming%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Romick&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of several oils to reduce hatchability of chicken eggs AN - 16458576; 4367803 AB - Oiling eggs with white mineral oil was successful with several bird species and has potential as a management tool within an integrated bird management program. We conducted an incubator study from 22 February to 20 March 1995 to determine if castor, corn, linseed, safflower, or soybean oil was as effective as white mineral oil in reducing the hatching success of chicken eggs, and if timing affected treatments (early vs. late incubation). We treated the first sets (9 eggs/set) of eggs on the fifth day of incubation (early) and the second sets of eggs on day 16 of incubation (late). There was a 68% hatching success in control eggs whereas none of the treated eggs hatched. All 5 oils were as effective as white mineral oil in suppressing hatchability of eggs. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Pochop, P A AU - Cummings, J L AU - Steuber, JE AU - Yoder, CA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 395 EP - 398 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16458576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+several+oils+to+reduce+hatchability+of+chicken+eggs&rft.au=Pochop%2C+P+A%3BCummings%2C+J+L%3BSteuber%2C+JE%3BYoder%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Pochop&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes AN - 16457573; 4367806 AB - We evaluated pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) as new, longterm physiological markers of coyotes (Canis latrans) for multipurpose research use. Captive coyotes were administered oral doses of 65, 130, 260, and 520 mg of PeCB in sesame oil, and samples of serum, wet (fresh) and dry feces, and adipose tissue were collected at 10 intervals over 168 days to measure concentrations of the marker. The PeCB concentrations in serum declined at an exponential rate over time. There were positive correlations between concentrations of PeCB in serum, wet and dry feces, and adipose tissue. Intramuscular injection of 65 mg of PeCB resulted in similar PeCB sample concentrations as the 65 mg oral dose. Oral administration of 50 mg of solid technical PeCB, along with 50 mg solid TeCB, resulted in lower sample concentrations than the 65-mg oral dose in oil (P = 0.02). Oral doses of 99 mg PeCB and 48 mg of TeCB in mineral oil produced relatively similar (1.8 times) PeCB concentrations in serum and feces for 28 days. Sample concentrations resulting from single and combined oral doses of PeCB (99 mg) and TeCB (48 mg) did not differ (P = 0.85). We detected no pathological effects on coyotes from the doses of PeCB and TeCB administered in this study as assessed by visual observations, measurement of body condition, and examination of serum biochemistry and hematological parameters. We believe PeCB offers considerable potential for multiple research applications as a long-term physiological marker for coyotes because it permits researchers to correlate PeCB levels with other activities such as bait ingestion or livestock predation. Marking properties of TeCB are similar to PeCB but may have restricted application because TeCB is of limited solubility in oil vehicles. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Johnston, J J AU - Windberg, LA AU - Furcolow, CA AU - Engeman, R M AU - Roetto, M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 3350 Eastbrook Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA, a347jjohnston@attmail.com Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 410 EP - 421 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Chlorinated+benzenes+as+physiological+markers+for+coyotes&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BWindberg%2C+LA%3BFurcolow%2C+CA%3BEngeman%2C+R+M%3BRoetto%2C+M&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining cottage cheese whey and straw reduces erosion while increasing infiltration in furrow irrigation AN - 16437391; 4336132 AB - Loose straw in irrigation furrows can decrease irrigation induced erosion, and acid cottage cheese whey can increase soil aggregate stability and soil infiltration. A field study was conducted at two sites where these materials were compared alone and in combination to determine their effectiveness in increasing infiltration and reducing irrigation induced erosion. Straw was applied by hand and whey was applied by gravity flow down irrigation furrows, 76 cm apart, and the field was planted to sweet corn (Zea Mays L.), Straw + whey was the most effective treatment for controlling erosion and sediment loss. Seasonal infiltration was significantly higher for straw + whey than for other treatments at the first site, and all three treatments increased infiltration over that of the control at the second site. These studies showed that two inexpensive agricultural byproducts, cottage cheese whey and straw, applied to irrigation furrows of different slopes can significantly reduce soil loss and increase infiltration. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Brown, MJ AU - Robbins, C W AU - Freeborn, L L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 152 EP - 156 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - cottage cheese whey KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16437391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Combining+cottage+cheese+whey+and+straw+reduces+erosion+while+increasing+infiltration+in+furrow+irrigation&rft.au=Brown%2C+MJ%3BRobbins%2C+C+W%3BFreeborn%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of saliva in the highly destructive fourlined plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae) AN - 16436452; 4326955 AB - The fourlined plant bug, Poecilocapsus lineatus (F.), is among the more damaging hemipterans, causing immediate and conspicuous lesions at feeding sites on leaves. The damage appears histologically to involve complete loss of cellular integrity and removal of the palisade cell layer. The ability of P. lineatus to cause such remarkable damage appears to reside in the chemical nature of its salivary products; however, among tests of the salivary enzymes that included assays for pectinase, cellulase, proteinase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and amylase, only an exopectinase was found. The size of the salivary gland complex in later instars and adults ( approximately 14-21% of total body mass) was proportionately far greater than that found in other Heteroptera, such as in another mirid, Lugus hesperus Knight (where salivary gland complexes were only 4-7% of total body mass). Ultrastructure analysis of the salivary glands revealed that the vast majority of the cellular make-up of the glands is rough endoplasmic reticulum. A complex of proteins was present in salivary gland extracts with molecular weights of 87, 79, 42, 33, 30, and 21 kDa. Gel filtration chromatography revealed a major peak of exopectinase activity corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 30-35 kDa; and ion exchange chromatography revealed 2 peaks of exopectinase activity eluting with an ion strength of approximately 0.4 and 0.5 M NaCl. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Cohen, A C AU - Wheeler, AG Jr AD - Biol. Control and Mass Rearing Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 94 EP - 100 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hemiptera KW - feeding KW - host plants KW - pest attack KW - saliva KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Role+of+saliva+in+the+highly+destructive+fourlined+plant+bug+%28Hemiptera%3A+Miridae%3A+Mirinae%29&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C%3BWheeler%2C+AG+Jr&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An isotopic ( super(15)N) assessment of intraclonal regulation in C sub(4) perennial grasses: ramet interdependence, independence or both? AN - 16434928; 4330754 AB - A series of three experiments was conducted with three C sub(4) perennial grasses, Panicum virgatum (short rhizomes forming distinct clones), Schizachyrium scoparium (caespitose) and Bouteloua gracilis (caespitose), to determine whether intraclonal regulation was characterized by interdependence, independence or a combination of both processes. Specific hypotheses tested were: (i) all ramets within individual clones are physiologically integrated; (ii) ramet hierarchies (several connected generations) within individual clones are capable of acquiring soil nitrogen equally from localized nutrient-rich pulses; and (iii) nitrogen is retained within individual hierarchies through allocation to sequentially developed ramet generations. Mean super(15)N atom percent excess values within labelled ramet hierarchies were 10-21-fold greater than in immediately adjacent ramet hierarchies, and 105-137-fold greater than in the remaining ramet hierarchies within clones for all three species. This pattern of super(15)N distribution demonstrates that physiological integration does not occur among all ramets within individual clones and that ramet hierarchies function as integrated physiological individuals. Ramets in closer proximity to a super(15)N pulse in soils acquired disproportionately greater amounts of the isotope compared to more distant ramets within clones for all three species. Inequitable resource acquisition among ramet hierarchies establishes the potential for asymmetric intraclonal competition below-ground and the development of size inequalities among hierarchies. Approximately 21.7%, 3.5%, 1.7% and 2.3% of the initial super(15)N pool was allocated from the first ramet generation to the second and third (spring cohort), third (autumn cohort) and fourth generations, respectively. However, the magnitude of nitrogen allocation from parent to juvenile ramet generations was relatively consistent, with 17-32% of the super(15)N pool within parental ramets allocated to juvenile ramets. Intergenerational super(15)N allocation in S. scoparium clones therefore demonstrates a high degree of interdependence within individual ramet hierarchies. Clones of the rhizomatous and two caespitose grasses investigated functioned as assemblages of autonomous ramet hierarchies, but ramet generations within individual hierarchies were effectively integrated. Consequently, intraclonal regulation in these temperate, perennial grasses is characterized by both ramet interdependence and independence. The occurrence of ramet independence throughout much of the life history of perennial grasses demonstrates the ecological importance of clonal fragments to genet and population maintenance and emphasizes that this may be the most relevant scale to investigate further the ecology of this important and widely distributed group of clonal plants. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Derner, J D AU - Briske, D D AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 305 EP - 314 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - stable isotopes KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16434928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=An+isotopic+%28+super%2815%29N%29+assessment+of+intraclonal+regulation+in+C+sub%284%29+perennial+grasses%3A+ramet+interdependence%2C+independence+or+both%3F&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BBriske%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Queen developmental time as a factor in the Africanization of European honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations AN - 16428419; 4327120 AB - The development times of daughter queens from African and European matrilines mated to both African and European drones were recorded. Regardless of the matriline, African patriline queens completed their development and emerged 8-12 h before those with European paternity. A probability distribution function derived from the emergence time data indicated that because of differences in development times between patrilines, the probability that an African patriline queen will emerge 1st can be 2-3 times greater than the proportion of the African patrilines in the colony population. Because the 1st queen to emerge has the best chance of becoming the colony's new queen, differences in queen development times between African and European patrilines might be a factor contributing to the asymmetrical gene flow between African and European honey bee, Apis mellifera L., populations, and the eventual loss of European nuclear markers and behavioral attributes in European honey bee populations where African bees have migrated. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Watkins, J C AU - Collins, A M AU - Loper, G M AU - Martin, J H AU - Arias, M C AU - Sheppard, W S AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 52 EP - 58 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - development KW - population genetics KW - queens KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16428419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Queen+developmental+time+as+a+factor+in+the+Africanization+of+European+honey+bee+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+populations&rft.au=DeGrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BWatkins%2C+J+C%3BCollins%2C+A+M%3BLoper%2C+G+M%3BMartin%2C+J+H%3BArias%2C+M+C%3BSheppard%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=DeGrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and sphinganine levels are correlated in rats fed fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) or hydrolyzed FB sub(1) AN - 16424502; 4329631 AB - Nixtamalization of Fusarium moniliforme culture material reduced, but did not eliminate, its toxicity to rats. Liver and kidney sphinganine concentration and sphinganine to sphingosine ratio of the animals fed diets containing water extracted (8 ppm fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1))), nixtamalized (58 ppm hydrolyzed FB sub(1)), or unprocessed culture material (71 ppm FB sub(1)) were increased compared to those fed a diet lacking detectable fumonisins. Increases were generally correlated with the severity of hepatic and renal lesions and were highly correlated (P < 0.0001) with body weight effects and serum chemical indications of hepatotoxicity. The findings are further evidence that inhibition of the enzyme ceramide synthase may be a key event in fumonisin toxigenesis. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Voss, KA AU - Riley, R T AU - Bacon, C W AU - Meredith, F I AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA, kvoss@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 101 EP - 104 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - ceramide synthase KW - fumonisin B1 KW - fumonosin B1 KW - rats KW - sphinganine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16424502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+sphinganine+levels+are+correlated+in+rats+fed+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+%28FB+sub%281%29%29+or+hydrolyzed+FB+sub%281%29&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics of continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol AN - 16424172; 4320609 AB - A pilot plant consisting of a 30-liter fermenter, and a 10-cm packed column with a blower and condenser to recover ethanol vapors was operated continuously for 185 days. On-line washing of the packing in the column twice weekly with condensed ethanol from the process (approximately 45% v/v) controlled fouling by attached yeast cells. Steady-state glucose consumption rates of up to 800 gh super(-1), condensed ethanol production rates of up to 26 l/day, and consistently high ethanol yield of approximately 0.50 gg super(-1) glucose were observed. Data from the pilot plant showed that the primary inhibitory effect of ethanol on the steady-state fermenter performance was to decrease the cell yield, while the specific glucose consumption rate was almost unaffected by ethanol concentrations up to 65 gl super(-1). A new kinetic model is introduced to represent these effects. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Taylor, F AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Goldberg, N AU - Craig, JC Jr AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 67 EP - 72 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - fermentation KW - glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16424172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+continuous+fermentation+and+stripping+of+ethanol&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoperiod and reproductive diapause in the predatory bugs Anthocoris tomentosus, A. antevolens, and Deraeocoris brevis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Miridae) with information on overwintering sex ratios AN - 16421282; 4321359 AB - The effect of photoperiod on induction of reproductive diapause was determined for 3 species of predatory bugs inhabiting the pear and apple growing regions of the Pacific Northwest. Females of Anthocoris tomentosus Pericart, A. antevolens White (Anthocoridae), and Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) (Miridae) were more likely to enter reproductive diapause (characterized by undeveloped ovaries and well-developed fat body) under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. Critical photoperiods were between 16:8 and 15:9 (L:D) h in D. brevis, and between 15:9 and 14:10 [L:D] h in A. tomentosus. Results for A. antevolens were less clear because females in this species often failed to reproduce even under long-day conditions (18:6 and 16:8 (L:D) h). A small number of A. tomentosus and A. antevolens that failed to mature ovaries also failed to accumulate large fat reserves. Duration of the preoviposition period in nondiapausing insects was shortest in A. tomentosus (9 d), of intermediate duration in D. brevis (10-11 d), and longest in A. antevolens (12-13 d). Overwintering sex ratios were highly biased in the 2 anthocorids (79-95% female), and were moderately biased in D. brevis (60% female). Overwintering samples of 2 other anthocorid species, Orius tristicolor (White) and A. whitei Reuter, also were female-biased (100% female for both species). Dissections of females indicated that insects having undeveloped ovaries and well-developed fat body could be collected from the field most of the summer. Numbers of teneral adults in the dissections showed peaks in late July (A. tomentosus and A. antevolens) and in early August (D. brevis). JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Lewis, T M AU - Hinojosa, T AU - Broers, DA AD - Fruit and Vegetable Insect Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 81 EP - 86 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hemiptera KW - diapause KW - overwintering KW - photoperiods KW - predators KW - reproduction KW - sex ratio KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16421282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Photoperiod+and+reproductive+diapause+in+the+predatory+bugs+Anthocoris+tomentosus%2C+A.+antevolens%2C+and+Deraeocoris+brevis+%28Heteroptera%3A+Anthocoridae%2C+Miridae%29+with+information+on+overwintering+sex+ratios&rft.au=Horton%3BLewis%2C+T+M%3BHinojosa%2C+T%3BBroers%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nest Defense Behavior in Colonies from Crosses Between Africanized and European Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) AN - 16414062; 4315507 AB - Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies with either European or Africanized queens mated to European or Africanized drones alone or in combination were tested for defensive behavior using a breath test. The most defensive colonies were those with European or Africanized queens mated to Africanized drones. In colonies where both European and Africanized patrilines existed, most of the workers participating in nest defense behavior for the first 30 s after a disturbance were of African patrilines. Nest defense behavior appears to be genetically dominant in honey bees. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Collins, A AU - Martin, J H AU - Schmidt, JO AU - Spangler, H G AD - Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 37 EP - 45 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Bumble bees KW - Honey bee KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25373:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16414062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Nest+Defense+Behavior+in+Colonies+from+Crosses+Between+Africanized+and+European+Honey+Bees+%28Apis+mellifera+L.%29+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=DeGrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BCollins%2C+A%3BMartin%2C+J+H%3BSchmidt%2C+JO%3BSpangler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=DeGrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of temperature and tissue nitrogen on dormant season stem and branch maintenance respiration in a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation AN - 16412672; 4286054 AB - We measured dormant season (November through February) maintenance respiration rates (R sub(m)) in stems and branches of 9-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing in plots under conditions of controlled nutrient and water supply in an effort to determine the relationships between R sub(m) and tissue size (surface area, sapwood volume, sapwood dry weight), tissue nitrogen content and temperature. Dormant season R sub(m) per unit size (i.e., surface area, mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1); sapwood volume, mu mol m super(-3) s super(-1); or sapwood dry weight, nmol g super(-1) s super(-1)) varied with tissue size, but was constant with respect to tissue nitrogen content ( mu mol mol super(-1) N s super(-1)). Cambium temperature accounted for 61 and 77% of the variation in stem and branch respiration, respectively. The basal respiration rate (respiration at 0 degree C) increased with tissue nitrogen content, however, the Q sub(10) did not. Improved nutrition more than doubled stem basal respiration rate and increased branch basal respiration by 38%. Exponential equations were developed to model stem and branch respiration as a function of cambium temperature and tissue nitrogen content. We conclude that failure to account for tissue nitrogen effects on respiration rates will result in serious errors when estimating annual maintenance costs. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Maier, CA AU - Zarnoch, S J AU - Dougherty, P M AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 11 EP - 20 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Loblolly pine KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16412672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+temperature+and+tissue+nitrogen+on+dormant+season+stem+and+branch+maintenance+respiration+in+a+young+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda%29+plantation&rft.au=Maier%2C+CA%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J%3BDougherty%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of activity in host-seeking adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and host-produced kairomones AN - 16390522; 4309785 AB - Adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, were confined to clay islands each surmounted with a vertical glass rod, and tick activities were videotaped continuously for 48 h. Some rods were treated basally or apically with substances rubbed from pelage associated with the tarsal or interdigital glands of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Except for the activity immediately following their release, tick activity on both days was greatest during the period from 1700 to 2300 hours, which coincided with the onset of scotophase. Ticks were most active when rods had interdigital gland substances applied to their basal 2 cm, whereas they were least active when confined with rods treated with tarsal gland substances on their apical 2 cm. Overall, ticks spent more time on the apical 2 cm of the glass rods during the scotophase than during the photophase. The highest level of apical arrestment among treated and untreated rods occurred when the rod tips were treated with tarsal gland substances, with female ticks on the apical 2 cm of the rods 70-100% of every 3-h period beginning with the period from 2000 to 2300 hours on day 1. In contrast, when tarsal gland substances were applied to the basal 2 cm of the rods, the ticks spent <40% of every period on day 2 on the rod tips. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Carroll, J F AU - Mills, GD Jr AU - Schmidtmann, E T AD - Livestock and Poultry Sci. Inst., Parasite Biol. and Epidemiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 11 EP - 15 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Acari KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Ixodidae KW - activity patterns KW - feeding behavior KW - host searching behavior KW - kairomones KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Y 25692:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16390522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+activity+in+host-seeking+adult+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+and+host-produced+kairomones&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F%3BMills%2C+GD+Jr%3BSchmidtmann%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attachment-site patterns of adult blacklegged ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on white-tailed deer and horses AN - 16381208; 4296062 AB - The attachment site pattern of adult Ixodes scapularis Say on white-tailed deer and horses in Maryland was determined by whole-body examinations during fall and spring periods of tick host-seeking activity. On deer in the fall, both female and male I. scapularis attached largely to anterior dorsal body regions, with attachment to the ears (outside), head, neck, and brisket accounting for 87.9% of females and 86.6% of males. The attachment pattern of females differed between bucks and does during fall, but not in spring, and both females and males were more abundant on bucks than does during fall, but not in spring. Neither female nor male attachment patterns on deer differed between fall and spring seasons. In contrast to deer, the ears and neck of horses were largely devoid of blacklegged ticks, and 84% of the females were attached either on the chest, in the axillae of the fore and rear legs, or under the jawbone. The restricted attachment of female blacklegged ticks to ventral body regions of horses may reflect avoidance of light. An understanding of the attachment patterns of adult I. scapularis, an increasingly abundant and economically important species, enhances sampling of feeding ticks, deticking to limit host irritation or exposure to tick-borne pathogens, and identifies body areas that should be targeted for delivery of repellents or acaricides. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Schmidtmann, E T AU - Carroll, J F AU - Watson, D W AD - Arthropod-borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82071, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 59 EP - 63 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Acari KW - Mule deer KW - USA, Maryland KW - White-tailed deer KW - horses KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16381208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Attachment-site+patterns+of+adult+blacklegged+ticks+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+white-tailed+deer+and+horses&rft.au=Schmidtmann%2C+E+T%3BCarroll%2C+J+F%3BWatson%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Schmidtmann&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape position, surface hydraulic gradients and erosion processes AN - 16374545; 4269663 AB - Different hydraulic gradients, especially due to seepage or drainage, at different locations on a hillslope profile may have a profound effect on the dominant erosion processes. A laboratory study was designed to simulate hillslope processes and quantify effects of surface hydraulic gradients on erosion for a Glynwood clay loam soil (fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalf). A 5 m long, 1.2 m wide soil pan was used at 5 and 10 per cent slopes with an external watering tube to vary the soil bed's hydrological conditions. Different combinations of slope steepness with seepage or drainage gradients were used to simulate the hydrologic conditions on a 5 m segment of a hillslope profile. Runoff samples were taken during rainfall-only and rainfall with added inflow. Results showed that, under drainage conditions, interrill processes dominated and rilling was limited. The surface contained scattered crescent-shaped pits after the run. Under seepage conditions, rilling processes dominated and the inflow introduced at the top of the soil pan further accelerated the headward erosion of the rills. Erosion rates increased by as much as 60 times under seepage conditions representative of the lower backslope when compared to drainage conditions that generally occur at the upper backslope. This indicated that rills and gullies on backslopes and footslopes may be catalysed or enhanced by seepage conditions rather than form from flow hydraulic shear stress alone. An understanding of spatial and temporal changes that affect both hillslope hydrology and erosional processes is needed to develop accurate process-based erosion prediction models. This knowledge may lead to different management practices on landscape positions where seepage occurs. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Gabbard, D S AU - Huang, C AU - Norton, L D AU - Steinhardt, G C AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab., 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 83 EP - 93 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16374545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Landscape+position%2C+surface+hydraulic+gradients+and+erosion+processes&rft.au=Gabbard%2C+D+S%3BHuang%2C+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BSteinhardt%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Gabbard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage effects on water runoff and soil erosion after sod AN - 16364849; 4296902 AB - Cultivated soils that have been put into sod experience an improvement in soil structural properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage systems on maintaining the infiltration characteristics of sod and the effect of tillage systems on water runoff and soil erosion. An alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) sod established in 1984 was converted back to cropland beginning in the spring of 1990. Tillage treatment established were moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till. additional no-till treatments were established in 1991, 1992, and 1993. A grass sod treatment was also maintained for comparison. After planting in 1993, two rainfall simulation runs with an average rainfall application rates of 70 mm hr super(-1) were conducted on selected treatments. Time of each run was one hour; the second run was conducted a minimum of six hours after the first run but most commonly the next day. Water runoff from the moldboard plowed treatments averaged 24 and 66% of the applied rainfall resulting in soil loss levels of 6.7 and 18.2 t ha super(-1) for the two runs, respectively. Maximum observed water runoff for the no-till treatments was 3% of the applied rainfall resulting in a soil of 0.2 t ha super(-1). No water runoff or soil loss was measured from the grass sod. These results show that soil characteristics developed under sod that were beneficial to a reduction in water runoff and soil erosion rapidly disappear with tillage, but can be maintained with no-till. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Lindstrom, MJ AU - Schumacher, TE AU - Cogo, N P AU - Blecha, M L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., North Central Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 59 EP - 63 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16364849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Tillage+effects+on+water+runoff+and+soil+erosion+after+sod&rft.au=Lindstrom%2C+MJ%3BSchumacher%2C+TE%3BCogo%2C+N+P%3BBlecha%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Lindstrom&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of pre- and postemergence damping-off in corn by Burkholderia cepacia AN - 16346822; 4309060 AB - Burkholderia cepacia (syn. Pseudomonas cepacia) strain PHQM100 applied as a seed coating was tested in growth chamber experiments for its ability to suppress preemergence damping-off, and postemergence damping-off in corn induced by Pythium and Fusarium spp. The symptoms observed in bioassays with soils naturally infested with the fungal pathogens were seed rot with Pythium spp. and mesocotyl and root tissue necrosis in the presence of Fusarium spp. Three corn cultivars that differed in their susceptibility to damping-off pathogens were used. Cultivar L was susceptible to pre- and postemergence damping-off, whereas cv. LPDP and cv. LG11 were moderately resistant and resistant to the damping-off diseases respectively. In the presence of Pythium spp., seed treatment with B. cepacia reduced seed rot, as compared to the untreated seeds, and this reduction was more consistent in the cv. LPDP than in the resistant cv. LG11 or the susceptible cv. L. In soils infested with Fusarium spp., seed treatment significantly reduced root and mesocotyl necrosis as compared to the untreated seeds, and this reduction was more consistent in the resistant cultivars LG11 and LPDP than in the susceptible cv. L. Root colonization levels by B. cepacia were similar in the three corn cultivars tested. Biocontrol efficiency of B. cepacia varied among cultivars mainly due to the differences in their susceptibility to the fungal pathogens. In spite of variability and also irrespective of the soil characteristics, B. cepacia increased seedling emergence and decreased mesocotyl and root necrosis when used as a seed coating. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Martel, M H AU - Heulin, T AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 29 EP - 36 VL - 104 IS - 1 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - damping-off KW - maize KW - plant protection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+pre-+and+postemergence+damping-off+in+corn+by+Burkholderia+cepacia&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BMartel%2C+M+H%3BHeulin%2C+T&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to the total atrazine load in midwestern streams AN - 16346513; 4310015 AB - The contribution of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) to the total atrazine load (i.e., atrazine plus stable metabolites) in streams needs to be determined in order to fully assess the impact of atrazine contamination on stream ecosystems and human health. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the contribution of HADPs to the total atrazine load in streams of nine midwestern states and (2) to discuss the mechanisms controlling the concentrations of HADPs in streams. Stream samples were collected from 95 streams in northern Missouri at preplant and postplant of 1994 and 1995, and an additional 46 streams were sampled in eight midwestern states at postplant of 1995. Samples were analyzed for atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), and three HADPs. Overall, HADP prevalence (i.e., frequency of detection) ranged from 87 to 100% for hydroxyatrazine (HA), 0 to 58% for deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and 0% for deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA) with method detection limits of 0.04-0.10 mu g L super(-1). Atrazine metabolites accounted for nearly 60% of the atrazine load in northern Missouri streams at preplant, with HA the predominant metabolite present. Data presented in this study and a continuous monitoring study are used to support the hypothesis that a combination of desorption from stream sediments and dissolved-phase transport control HADP concentrations in streams. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Lerch, R N AU - Blanchard, P E AU - Thurman, E M AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Cropping Systems and Water Quality Res. Unit, 269 Agric. Eng. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 40 EP - 48 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Degradation KW - Agricultural pollution KW - USA, Midwest KW - Sediment contamination KW - Stream pollution KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Chemical speciation KW - USA, Missouri KW - Rivers KW - Sediment pollution KW - Freshwater environments KW - Herbicides KW - Atrazine KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+to+the+total+atrazine+load+in+midwestern+streams&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBlanchard%2C+P+E%3BThurman%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Pollution monitoring; Sediment pollution; Degradation; Agricultural pollution; Chemical speciation; Herbicides; Streams; Freshwater environments; Atrazine; Sediment contamination; Stream pollution; USA, Missouri; USA, Midwest; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the presence and organization of open reading frames of the nonmotile pathogen Brucella abortus similar to class II, III, and IV flagellar genes and to LcrD virulence superfamily AN - 16345377; 4309683 AB - Brucellae are pathogenic, nonmotile bacteria that are facultative intracellular parasites. Little is known about the genetics of these bacteria. Open reading frames from Brucella abortus with similarity to the flagellin, M-ring, and hook of related bacteria were discovered. The open reading frames encode proteins of three of the four flagellum gene classes, namely II, III, and IV. A homolog of the LcrD virulence superfamily was also found. This superfamily is involved in type III protein secretion. B. abortus has the potential for motility and type III secretion. JF - Microbial and Comparative Genomics AU - Halling, S M AD - USDA/ARS/NADC, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 21 EP - 29 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1090-6592, 1090-6592 KW - flagella KW - flagellin KW - motility KW - open reading frame KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16345377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+and+Comparative+Genomics&rft.atitle=On+the+presence+and+organization+of+open+reading+frames+of+the+nonmotile+pathogen+Brucella+abortus+similar+to+class+II%2C+III%2C+and+IV+flagellar+genes+and+to+LcrD+virulence+superfamily&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+and+Comparative+Genomics&rft.issn=10906592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS-based modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone AN - 16345181; 4292899 AB - The information age of the 1990s is a global consciousness where scientific and technological advances are assumed capable of solving global environmental problems. A significant characteristic of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution problems is the lack of regard for political boundaries and physical barriers between cities, states, nations, and continents. The widespread nature of such environmental problems often results in an analogous diffuse acceptance of responsibility for resolution. Thus, an ability to accurately assess the present and future impact of human activities on the global ecosystem would provide a most powerful basis for environmental stewardship and guiding future human actions. To responsibly respond to impaired ecosystem functioning (i.e., with respect to such issues as climatic change, stratospheric ozone depletion, species diversification, erosion, deforestation, desertification, agricultural sustainability, and nonpoint source pollution), it is necessary to examine these issues not only from a multidisciplinary systems-based approach, but also with an approach that accounts for spatial and temporal context. The problems and philosophical issues of addressing NPS pollution is the vadose zone within a spatial and temporal context are presented. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Corwin, D L AU - Loague, K AU - Ellsworth, T R AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 34 EP - 38 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - GIS KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - solute transport KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Freshwater KW - Water pollution KW - Solute transport KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Model studies KW - Geographical reference systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Vadose water KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16345181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=GIS-based+modeling+of+non-point+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BLoague%2C+K%3BEllsworth%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution dispersion; Groundwater pollution; Geographic information systems; Geographical reference systems; Environment management; Water pollution; Solute transport; Model studies; Nonpoint pollution sources; Vadose water; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The USDA perspective on dioxin concentrations in dairy and beef AN - 16330031; 4260472 AB - The major dioxin-related research activities in the United States Department of Agriculture are 1) a survey of dioxin levels in beef samples collected at 13 experiment stations throughout the United States, 2) a feeding study of eight dioxins, four furans, and three PCB at levels equal to or above levels expected at highly industrialized locations, and 3) metabolism studies of super(14)C-labeled dioxin congeners. Preliminary results indicate that geographical location may influence dioxin concentrations in beef and that bulls may have concentrations higher than those in other slaughter animals. Metabolism of nontoxic congeners seems to be rather complex, involving the arene oxide pathway, NIH type shifting of chlorine, and conjugation with sulfuric acid and glucuronic acids. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Feil, V J AU - Ellis, R L AD - Biosciences Res. Lab., ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 152 EP - 159 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - TCDD KW - beef KW - dairy products KW - dioxins KW - pharmacokinetics KW - reviews KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24156:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16330031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=The+USDA+perspective+on+dioxin+concentrations+in+dairy+and+beef&rft.au=Feil%2C+V+J%3BEllis%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Feil&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural occurrence of fumonisins in rice with Fusarium sheath rot disease AN - 16328905; 4261001 AB - Twenty samples of rough rice (Oryza sativa) (unpolished kernels) collected during the 1995 harvest season from Arkansas (seven samples) and Texas (13 samples) were obtained from rice fields known to include plants with symptoms of Fusarium sheath rot putatively caused by Fusarium proliferatum. Samples were analyzed for fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) at three laboratories using three different extracting solvents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Forty percent of the samples were positive for FB sub(1) at levels less than or equal to 4.3 mu g/g by HPLC. The same samples contained FB sub(1) at less than or equal to 3.6 mu g/g when measured by an ELISA method. Most samples that were positive for FB sub(1) were positive for fumonisin B sub(2) (FB sub(2)) and fumonisin B sub(3) (FB sub(3)) by HPLC at levels less than or equal to 1.2 mu g/g. Very good agreement was obtained among the two laboratories using HPLC methods and the third using ELISA. Shelling of the unpolished rice results in hull and brown rice fractions. In a sample that contained 4.3 mu g/g in whole kernels, the fumonisin level was very high in hulls ( less than or equal to 16.8 mu g/g) and low in brown rice ( less than or equal to 0.9 mu g/g). Milling of brown rice results in bran and white rice fractions. Fumonisins were found in bran at a level of less than or equal to 3.7 mu g/g but were below the level of detection by HPLC in white rice. The presence of fumonisins (FB sub(1), FB sub(2), and FB sub(3)) was confirmed by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry. This is the first report of fumonisins in naturally contaminated rice in the United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Abbas, H K AU - Cartwright, R D AU - Shier, W T AU - Abouzied, M M AU - Bird, C B AU - Rice, L G AU - Ross, P F AU - Sciumbato, G L AU - Meredith, F I AD - USDA-ARS, SWSL, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 22 EP - 25 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - diagnostic agents KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rice KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16328905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Natural+occurrence+of+fumonisins+in+rice+with+Fusarium+sheath+rot+disease&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BCartwright%2C+R+D%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BAbouzied%2C+M+M%3BBird%2C+C+B%3BRice%2C+L+G%3BRoss%2C+P+F%3BSciumbato%2C+G+L%3BMeredith%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recapturing and decomposing methyl bromide in fumigation effluents AN - 16293221; 4299325 AB - Methyl bromide (CH sub(3)Br) is an important fumigant for treating agricultural produce and structures, but emissions during fumigation may contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion and impose hazardous effects on human health. A method is described that uses activated carbon to recover CH sub(3)Br from air streams, and sodium thiosulfate (Na sub(2)S sub(2)O sub(3)) to degrade the recovered CH sub(3)Br to relatively nontoxic Br super(-). Degradation of carbon-adsorbed CH sub(3)Br in Na sub(2)S sub(2)O sub(3) solution was completed in less than9 h at room temperature (20 degree C). In simulated pilot experiments, two coconut-based activated carbons trapped CH sub(3)Br up to 15% of the weight of carbon, while an excessive molar amount of Na sub(2)S sub(2)O sub(3) in solution completely converted the CH sub(3)Br to Br super(-) overnight. The reaction products, Br super(-) and sodium methylthiosulfate (NaCH sub(3)S sub(2)O sub(3)), are freely soluble in water, non-corrosive, non-volatile and low in toxicity. Solutions containing 1% of these products may be disposed of directly into the drain according to current environmental regulations, which allows the spent carbon to be regenerated simply by rinsing in the water and drying at a moderate temperature. Carbons recycled in this manner showed similar capacities in adsorbing CH sub(2)Br as the unused carbons. The reported approach is environmentally-compatible and low in cost, and is especially suitable for on-site application. JF - J. HAZARD. MATER. AU - Gan, Jianying AU - Yates AD - USDA-ARS Soil Phys. and Pestic. Res. Unit, US Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 249 EP - 258 VL - 57 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16293221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARD.+MATER.&rft.atitle=Recapturing+and+decomposing+methyl+bromide+in+fumigation+effluents&rft.au=Gan%2C+Jianying%3BYates&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=Jianying&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARD.+MATER.&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of light and photosynthesis on alkaloid concentration in larkspur AN - 16284777; 4291264 AB - Concentrations of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids vary greatly in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) and may be influenced by environmental stress. We evaluated the effect of shade, darkness, and inhibition of photosynthesis on toxic alkaloid concentration. In plants treated with metribuzin to inhibit photosynthesis, alkaloid concentration increased, but dry weight of the plants decreased as growth ceased, leaving absolute alkaloid content similar to that of control plants. Short-term shade (70% reduction in sunlight for three days), dark treatments from leaves collected at night, and aluminum foil covered leaves all increased alkaloid concentration in comparison to untreated control plants. It appears that absolute amounts of alkaloids remained the same, but the mass of stressed plants declined as nonstructural carbohydrates were depleted, thus increasing the relative concentration of alkaloids. We conclude that norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur do not respond to short-term light stress. Alkaloid concentration was lower in larkspur plants growing beneath forest canopy and in potted plants in a long-term shade study (70% reduction in sun light for 21 days) than plants growing in open sunlight. Long-term shade may have reduced synthesis of norditerpenoid alkaloids, particularly in the earlier developmental stages of the plant. Shade stress or photosynthesis inhibition apparently did not increase norditerpenoid alkaloid synthesis, which contrasts with the carbon/nutrient balance theory of plant defense. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Manners, G D AU - Gardner AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 167 EP - 182 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - alkaloids KW - allelochemicals KW - photosynthesis KW - shade KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+light+and+photosynthesis+on+alkaloid+concentration+in+larkspur&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BGardner&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris infecting forage legumes and soybeans in Wisconsin AN - 16281844; 4282181 AB - Soilborne plant pathogens are regarded as important causes of failures of newly established and mature stands of forage legumes and reduced yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the North Central Region of the U.S. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) plants exhibited decaying roots and stems in yield trials in 1994 and 1995 at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. After first harvest, over 40% of the plants failed to produce regrowth or regrowth was extremely slow. Dark brown lesions were evident on root and crown tissue and occasionally spread to newly initiated stem tissue. A fungus resembling Mycoleptodiscus terrestris was isolated from birdsfoot trefoil by placing surface-disinfested plant tissue on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 10 ppm chlorotetracycline or tetracycline and 100 mu l liter super(-1) of tergitol. Isolates of M. terrestris produced dark green mycelium and black scerotia on PDA. These same isolates also produced conidia with characteristics similar to those described by Ostazeski (1) for M. terrestris when cultures were grown on gamma ray-sterilized chrysanthemum leaf pieces positioned on the surface of 2% water agar on petri dishes. The setaed conidia were generally two-celled and oval, and measured 24 to 30 x 4.5 to 7.4 mu m. Isolates were also obtained from soybean plants that expressed a premature decline symptom at the R6 to R7 growth stage. Soybean plants in two commercial fields initially expressed curled leaves followed by defoliation. Lower stems expressed a gray-tan discoloration of the cortical tissue. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), birdsfoot trefoil, and soybean were inoculated with isolates of M. terrestris. All crop species expressed symptoms and M. terrestris was recovered from symptomatic tissue. M. terrestris isolates have also been baited from other soils from southern Wisconsin with red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and soybean. Although recognized in states south of Wisconsin, M. terrestris has not been implicated previously in poor health of forage legumes and soybeans in Wisconsin. This report provides evidence that M. terrestris inhabits agricultural soils farther north than previously recognized. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, R R AU - Grau, C R AU - Gray, LE AD - USDA-ARS, US Dairy Forage Res. Cent., Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 126 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - legumes KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16281844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Mycoleptodiscus+terrestris+infecting+forage+legumes+and+soybeans+in+Wisconsin&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+R%3BGrau%2C+C+R%3BGray%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of tarbush leaf surface terpene profile with livestock herbivory AN - 16277441; 4290900 AB - Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) is a Chihuahuan Desert shrub with a resinous leaf surface containing terpenes that may affect livestock herbivory. Cattle, sheep, and goats were densely stocked in paddocks containing tarbush in two consecutive years for six to nine days and defoliation of 160 plants was recorded daily. Plants were categorized as exhibiting high or low defoliation. Leaves were collected from these plants the third year for chemical analysis. A selection procedure was used to generate two variable sets closely related to defoliation category. One set contained 14 variables (dry matter, ash, alpha -pinene, sabinene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, camphor, borneol, cis-jasmone, beta -caryophyllene, alpha -humulene, ledene, and flourensadiol) and the other set contained 14 unidentified compounds. When subjected to multivariate analysis, each group distinguished between the two defoliation categories (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0019 for known and unknown variable sets, respectively). These data support the hypothesis that leaf surface chemistry of individual tarbush plants is related to extent of defoliation by livestock. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Estell, R E AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Anderson, D M AU - Havstad, K M AU - Remmenga, MD AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exptl. Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - allelochemicals KW - herbivory KW - livestock KW - terpenes KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16277441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+tarbush+leaf+surface+terpene+profile+with+livestock+herbivory&rft.au=Estell%2C+R+E%3BFredrickson%2C+EL%3BAnderson%2C+D+M%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BRemmenga%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Estell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence and distribution of ergot and estimates of seed loss in Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed in central Oregon AN - 16276844; 4282176 AB - In 1991 to 1993, ergot was detected in 36, 44, and 62%, respectively, of fields of Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed in central Oregon. Relatively few fields (2 to 13%) had a high (more than 20 sclerotia /gm seed) level of ergot. Ergot severity (percent sclerotia by weight) in 1991 to 1993 was estimated at 0.85, 0.07, and 0.34%, respectively. Percent seed replaced by ergot in 1991 to 1993 was estimated at 0.22, 0.02, and 0.08, respectively. Recleaning of seed to reduce ergot contamination and to meet purity standards resulted in a 7.8% reduction in marketable seed weight. Estimated value of seed replaced by ergot in 1991, 1992, and 1993, was $75,625, $4,758, and $17,076, respectively. Estimated value of seed lost during recleaning in 1991, 1992, and 1993, was $37,669, $8,171, and $21,964, respectively. Weed grasses supporting ergot at the time of harvest of Kentucky bluegrass were species of Bromus, Secale, Festuca, and Poa. However, very few seed heads of weed grasses were infected, and they appeared to contribute little to ergot development in central Oregon. Most infested fields (with more than one sclerotium/gm seed prior to recleaning) or weed grass sites with ergot were located in the southern range of the area of study. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Coats, D D AU - Crowe, F J AU - Butler, MD AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 89 EP - 93 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ergot KW - USA, Oregon KW - ergot KW - grasses KW - plant diseases KW - seeds KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16276844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+and+distribution+of+ergot+and+estimates+of+seed+loss+in+Kentucky+bluegrass+grown+for+seed+in+central+Oregon&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BCoats%2C+D+D%3BCrowe%2C+F+J%3BButler%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of anthracnose of lentil incited by Colletotrichum truncatum in Bulgaria AN - 16272401; 4282101 AB - In June 1992 and 1995, anthracnose of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) incited by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W. D. Moore was widespread in field trials at the Institute for Wheat and Sunflower 'Dobroudja' near General Toshevo in northeastern Bulgaria. Lesions on the leaves, stems, and pods were usually white to grayish on younger plants, often turning brown as plants matured. Severe infection usually resulted in dieback and/or death of plants. Acervuli containing spores and dark setae were observed within lesions, and conidia from the acervuli produced pure cultures of C. truncatum. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, falcate to nearly straight with a prominent clear area in the center of highly granular cytoplasm, and measured 17.6 to 19.8 x 4.4 mu m. C. truncatum was seed-borne in naturally infected lentil cv. Tadjikskaya 95 at low frequencies (90% of the lines. Anthracnose severity ranged from light to severe. A few accessions appeared to have acceptable levels of resistance to the disease. These included accessions from Iran (PI 431714 and 431717) and Spain (PI 533693). Also that year, C. truncatum was isolated from stem lesions of naturally infected bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.) at the Institute for Wheat and Sunflower 'Dobroudja'. The disease in Bulgaria appears to be identical to one causing anthracnose of lentil in Canada and the United States. This is the first report of C. truncatum causing anthracnose of lentil in Bulgaria. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Mihov, M AU - Muehlbauer, F J AU - Hannan, R M AD - USDA, ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Stn., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 128 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Bulgaria KW - anthracnose KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16272401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+anthracnose+of+lentil+incited+by+Colletotrichum+truncatum+in+Bulgaria&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BMihov%2C+M%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J%3BHannan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of northern red oak: Positive and negative effects of competitor removal AN - 16266482; 4268625 AB - The decreased ability of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) to regenerate throughout its range in the eastern United States has important ecological and economic implications. We studied regeneration of northern red oak in oak and pine stands on moderately productive sites in northern Lower Michigan. Our objectives were (1) to investigate the hypothesis that regeneration of northern red oak is more successful in pine than in oak stands and (2) to test whether removal of potential overstory and understory competitors increases regeneration success on moderately productive sites. Northern red oak acorns and 2-yr-old nursery seedlings were planted in spring 1991 in three natural oak stands and three red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations on comparable, moderately productive sites. Each stand contained four canopy cover treatments: clearcut, 25% cover (50% the first year), 75% cover, and uncut. Each canopy cover treatment contained four understory treatments: herb-layer removal, shrub-layer removal, litter removal, and control. Seedling survival, performance, and damage due to deer and late spring frosts were quantified along with vegetation characteristics, light, soil moisture, air temperature, soil temperature, and precipitation during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. Survival of seedlings was significantly lower in the pine than in the oak stands; the pine stands had a higher incidence of white-tailed deer browsing and lower levels of below ground resources than the oak stands. Canopy cover treatments produced a gradient from high stress (low light and soil moisture) and low disturbance (slight browsing and frost damage) in uncut plots to low stress (high light and soil moisture) and high disturbance (high browsing and frost damage) in clear-cut plots. Understory vegetation development and soil temperature were low in uncut plots, high in clear-cut plots, and intermediate in plots with partial overstory removal. Despite poor growth, the mortality of seedlings planted in uncut plots was low. In contrast, mortality was high and surviving seedlings exhibited good growth in clearcuts. Understory treatment effects were slight compared with overstory treatment effects. Results on our sites (1) do not support the hypothesis that regeneration success of northern red oak may be greater in pine than in oak stands and (2) indicate that the positive effects of removing potential competitors on seedling growth and physiological status may be compromised by simultaneous negative effects of browsing and frost damage. JF - Ecology AU - Buckley, D S AU - Sharik, T L AU - Isebrands, J G AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 65 EP - 78 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Northern red oak KW - Norway pine KW - Red pine KW - USA, Michigan KW - competition KW - regeneration KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+northern+red+oak%3A+Positive+and+negative+effects+of+competitor+removal&rft.au=Buckley%2C+D+S%3BSharik%2C+T+L%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable alpha -L-arabinofuranosidase from a color-variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans AN - 16220823; 4281870 AB - A color-variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced alpha -L-arabinofuranosidase ( alpha -L-AFase) when grown in liquid culture on oat spelt xylan. An extracellular alpha -L-AFase was purified 215-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate treatment, DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose column chromatography, gel filtration on a Bio-Gel A-0.5 m column, arabinan-Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography, and SP-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography. The purified enzyme had a native molecular weight of 210,000 and was composed of two equal subunits. It had a half-life of 8 h at 75 degree C, displayed optimal activity at 75 degree C and pH 4.0 to 4.5, and had a specific activity of 21.48 mu mol / min / mg of protein against p-nitrophenyl- alpha -L-arabinofuranoside (pNP alpha AF). The purified alpha -L-AFase readily hydrolyzed arabinan and debranched arabinan and released arabinose from arabinoxylans but was inactive against arabinogalactan. The K sub(m) values of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of pNP alpha AF, arabinan, and debranched arabinan at 75 degree C and pH 4.5 were 0.26 mM, 2.14 mg/ml, and 3.25 mg/ml, respectively. The alpha -L-AFase activity was not inhibited at all by L-arabinose (1.2 M). The enzyme did not require a metal ion for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 216 EP - 220 VL - 64 IS - 1 KW - Enzyme properties KW - alpha -L-Arabinofuranosidase KW - alpha -L-arabinofuranosidase KW - purification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16220823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+novel+thermostable+alpha+-L-arabinofuranosidase+from+a+color-variant+strain+of+Aureobasidium+pullulans&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large area hydrologic modelling and assessment: part I: model development AN - 13665984; S199951966 AB - A soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT) is explained. It assisted water resource managers in addressing the impact of management on water supplies and nonpoint source pollution in large river basins. Its 8 major divisions are described in detail: hydrology, weather, sedimentation, soil temperature, crop growth, nutrients, pesticides and agricultural management. Operational flow charts are presented. The model operated on a daily time step and allowed a basin to be subdivided into grid cells or natural subcatchments. Major components of the hydrological balance and their interactions were simulated including surface runoff, lateral flow in the soil profile, groundwater flow, evapotranspiration, channel routing, pond and reservoir storage. The primary considerations in model development were to stress land management, water quality loadings, flexibility in basin discretization and continuous time simulation. Simulations were attempted which were as simple as possible, realistic and made use of routinely collected data. The model was being used in several large area projects. There are 58 references. (see also following abstract). JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Arnold, J G AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Muttiah, R S AU - Williams, J R AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Temple, Tex. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 73 EP - 89 VL - 34 IS - 1 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13665984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Large+area+hydrologic+modelling+and+assessment%3A+part+I%3A+model+development&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BMuttiah%2C+R+S%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large area hydrologic modelling and assessment: part II: model application AN - 13665128; S199951967 AB - The application is described of a previously-published soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT) to simulate the hydrology, soil erosion and sediment transport in a catchment in upper Trinity river basin, Tex. Input data were accumulated by a geographical information system interface. The model was calibrated for flow using streamflow data acquired during 1965-1969. Sediment calibration was effected with the results of a survey of a reservoir at the bottom of the catchment. Flow validation was conducted for the period 1970-1984. The erosion component was validated by simulating soil erosion and sediment transport within a subcatchment with sediment survey results at a floodwater retarding structure. The model, which was evaluated by established statistical and visual methods, explained 84 and 65 per cent of the variability in streamflow for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. It predicted accumulated sediment loads to within 2-9 per cent of observed values. The model would be useful for predicting the effects of changes within the catchment on soil erosion. (see also preceding abstract). JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Ramanarayanan, T S AU - Arnold, J G AU - Bednarz, ST AD - USDA-ARS, Temple, Tex. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 91 EP - 101 VL - 34 IS - 1 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Trinity house KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13665128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Large+area+hydrologic+modelling+and+assessment%3A+part+II%3A+model+application&rft.au=Srinivasan%2C+R%3BRamanarayanan%2C+T+S%3BArnold%2C+J+G%3BBednarz%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural by-products as granular activated carbons for adsorbing dissolved metals and organics AN - 13619525; 199804935 AB - Granular activated carbons (GAC) made from agricultural by-products (rice straw, soybean hull, sugarcane bagasse, peanut shells, pecan shells and walnut shells) were evaluated for the removal of organic compounds and metals from wastewater. The physical properties (surface area, bulk density, per cent attrition) of the GAC were studied. Carbon dioxide- and steam-activated nutshell GAC removed more organic compounds (benzene, toluene, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, 1,4-dioxane) than commercial GAC but the GAC made from soft lignocellulosic by-products were less effective. Oxidation using oxygen and nitrogen gas increased metal adsorption. Oxidized GAC made from soybean hulls, peanut shells, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw showed superior adsorption of metals compared with commercial GAC. GAC metal adsorption decreased in the order lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and nickel. JF - Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology AU - Johns, M M AU - Marshall, W E AU - Toles, CA AD - USDA, New Orleans, La. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 131 EP - 140 VL - 71 IS - 2 KW - Acetonitrile KW - Dioxane KW - Hulls KW - Pb KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13619525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Technology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Agricultural+by-products+as+granular+activated+carbons+for+adsorbing+dissolved+metals+and+organics&rft.au=Johns%2C+M+M%3BMarshall%2C+W+E%3BToles%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Johns&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Technology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest floor water content dynamics in a Douglas fir stand AN - 16374930; 4269953 AB - This paper considers the hydrology of the forest floor within a homogeneous Douglas fir forest. Time domain reflectometry measurements show that forest floor water contents have considerable spatial variabilities but similar temporal dynamics. Simple linear relations can be used to translate forest floor water content dynamics from one site in a forest to another. Forest floor evaporation rates were calculated using a previously developed forest floor evaporation model and a year of soil water and micrometeorological data. For a relatively wet site within the stand the calculated evaporation rate was 137 mm year super(-1), for a more representative site 112 mm year super(-1) and for a dry site 76 mm year super(-1). These amounts range between 7 and 13% of the total yearly forest evapotranspiration. Together with throughfall rates and transpiration rates, these forest floor evaporation rates served as boundary conditions to a soil water model with which we simulated forest floor and mineral soil water content dynamics. The simulations showed that throughfall and drainage dynamics determine the forest floor water content dynamics in wet conditions. In dry periods, forest floor evaporation and, to a lesser extent, root water uptake determine forest floor water content dynamics. The same simulations showed that 25% of the forest floor evaporation is replenished by capillary rise from the mineral soil. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schaap, M G AU - Bouten, W AU - Verstraten, J M AD - Landscape and Environmental Research Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/12/20/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 20 SP - 367 EP - 383 VL - 201 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16374930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Forest+floor+water+content+dynamics+in+a+Douglas+fir+stand&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BBouten%2C+W%3BVerstraten%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-20&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and sequence analysis of the genes encoding a polyketide synthase required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 AN - 16244933; 4231197 AB - Pyoluteorin is a chlorinated antifungal metabolite of mixed polyketide /amino-acid origin produced by certain strains of Pseudomonas spp., including the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Sequence analysis of a gene cluster required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis by Pf-5 (Kraus, J., Loper, J., 1995. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 849-854) has identified two genes whose deduced peptide sequences exhibit characteristics of both fungal and bacterial Type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). The pyoluteorin PKS does not contain a loading domain that is typically present in bacterial Type I PKSs. Furthermore, this PKS possesses an acyltransferase domain that does not contain the conserved residues surrounding the active-site motif typically found in domains of similar function. Based on the organization of the functional domains within the pyoluteorin PKS, we propose a biosynthetic pathway analogous to non-aromatic polyketide biosynthesis within the Actinomycete bacteria that is responsible for the formation of the resorcinol moiety of pyoluteorin. JF - Gene AU - Nowak-Thompson, B AU - Gould, S J AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA-ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave. Corvallis, OR 973301 USA Y1 - 1997/12/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 19 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 204 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polyketide synthase KW - pyoluteorin KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Identification+and+sequence+analysis+of+the+genes+encoding+a+polyketide+synthase+required+for+pyoluteorin+biosynthesis+in+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5&rft.au=Nowak-Thompson%2C+B%3BGould%2C+S+J%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Nowak-Thompson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-12-19&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Chemical Growth Retardants on Growth and Development of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) in Vitro AN - 899170525; 15570372 AB - Plant growth retardants were evaluated for their ability to reduce the growth rate of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) in vitro. Nodal sections of cv. Jewel were cultured for 30 days on medium containing NDA, ancymidol, phosfon, TIBA, difenzoquat, chlormequat, ACC, mepiquat chloride, or daminozide at 0, 10 super(-4), 10 super(-5), 10 super(-6), 10 super(-7), or 10 super(-8) m. Difenzoquat, NDA, phosfon, and TIBA, at 10 super(-4) m, were lethal to axillary bud explants. A low concentration (10 super(-8) m) of chlorflurenol or NDA stimulated shoot elongation. The effective concentration range for most growth retardants was 10 super(-5) to 10 super(-6) m. Small (2- to 4-mm diameter) storage root-like swellings were observed on roots in cultures containing TIBA or ancymidol. The growth-inhibiting effects of ancymidol and NDA were transitory and did not persist through a 180-day culture period. Shoots cultured on medium containing 10 super(-5) m phosfon, TIBA, or difenzoquat were significantly shorter than control plants after a 180-day culture period. Culture on medium containing TIBA, NDA, ancymidol, or ACC resulted in abnormal leaf and stem development. Plants derived from nodal explants cultured on medium containing either phosfon or chlormequat were near normal in appearance but with some plants exhibiting interveinal chlorosis and reduced root system development. JF - Journal of Plant Growth Regulation AU - Jarret, R L AD - Research Horticulturist, USDA/ARS, Griffin, GA 30223 USA, US Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 227 EP - 231 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0721-7595, 0721-7595 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - Growth rate KW - Elongation KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - Chlorosis KW - Leaves KW - Roots KW - Chloride KW - Development KW - Explants KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899170525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Chemical+Growth+Retardants+on+Growth+and+Development+of+Sweetpotato+%28Ipomoea+batatas+%28L.%29+Lam.%29+in+Vitro&rft.au=Jarret%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Jarret&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.issn=07217595&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FPL00007001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Shoots; Elongation; Chlorosis; Leaves; Roots; Chloride; Development; Explants; Ipomoea batatas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban tree cover: an ecological perspective AN - 860393129; 13880088 AB - Analysis of urban tree cover is generally limited to inventories of tree structure and composition on public lands. This approach provided valuable information for resource management. However, it does not account for all tree cover within an urban landscape, thus providing insufficient information on ecological patterns and processes. We propose evaluating tree cover for an entire urban area that is based on patch dynamics. Treed patches are classified by their origin, structure, and management intensity. A patch approach enables ecologists to evaluate ecological patterns and processes for the entire urban landscape and to examine how social patterns influence these ecological patterns and processes. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Zipperer, Wayne C AU - Sisinni, Susan M AU - Pouyat, Richard V AU - Foresman, Timothy W AD - USDA Forest Service, 1100 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 229 EP - 246 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Inventories KW - Resource management KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Landscape KW - public lands KW - ecologists KW - Urban areas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860393129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Urban+tree+cover%3A+an+ecological+perspective&rft.au=Zipperer%2C+Wayne+C%3BSisinni%2C+Susan+M%3BPouyat%2C+Richard+V%3BForesman%2C+Timothy+W&rft.aulast=Zipperer&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1018587830636 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inventories; Resource management; Trees; Landscape; Ecosystems; public lands; ecologists; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018587830636 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A social ecology approach and applications of urban ecosystem and landscape analyses: a case study of Baltimore, Maryland AN - 860392787; 13880090 AB - The early interactions between plant, animal, and human ecology in the 1920s in the United States provide an initial basis for understanding and directing an integrated ecosystem approach to the study of sociocultural and biophysical patterns and processes of present day cities. However, whereas the human ecology approach of the 1920s and 30s was interested in metaphorical similarities with plant and animal ecologists, we propose a more integrated approach to human ecosystem observation and analysis. A critical feature to an integrated, urban ecosystem approach is the ability of researchers to address the spatial heterogeneity of urban ecosystems; i.e. the development and dynamics of spatial heterogeneity and the influences of spatial patterns on cycles and fluxes of critical resources (e.g. energy, materials, nutrients, genetic and nongenetic information, population, labor, and capital). An important question in this context is how differential access to and control over critical resources affect the structure and function of urban ecosystems. To address this heterogeneity, we illustrate a human ecosystem and landscape approach and how the concept of social differentiation can be applied spatially at different scales with a case study from our research in Baltimore, Maryland. Further, we identify different methods, tools, and techniques that can be used for an integrated, urban ecosystem approach. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Grove, JMorgan AU - Burch, William R AD - Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, South Burlington, VT, 05403, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 259 EP - 275 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Landscape KW - Nutrients KW - USA, Maryland, Baltimore KW - human ecology KW - ecologists KW - case studies KW - Ecology KW - Human ecology KW - spatial distribution KW - Differentiation KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Urban areas KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860392787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=A+social+ecology+approach+and+applications+of+urban+ecosystem+and+landscape+analyses%3A+a+case+study+of+Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.au=Grove%2C+JMorgan%3BBurch%2C+William+R&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=JMorgan&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1018591931544 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human ecology; Differentiation; Structure-function relationships; Landscape; Spatial heterogeneity; Nutrients; Ecology; case studies; spatial distribution; ecologists; Urban areas; human ecology; USA, Maryland, Baltimore DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018591931544 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food safety issues affecting the dairy beef industry. AN - 79518258; 9436130 AB - The ability of dairy farmers to market cull cows and veal calves may be affected by the final rule on Pathogen Reduction and HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) Systems, a sweeping reform of USDA food safety regulations that was published on July 25, 1996. Although the regulations apply only to slaughter and processing plants handling meat and poultry, the rule will have an impact on food animal producers, including dairy farmers. Under this regulation, plant operators are required to evaluate potential hazards and to devise and implement controls that are appropriate for each product and plant to prevent or reduce those hazards. Processing plants may need to consider the potential hazards associated with incoming animals, such as illegal drug residues, which may result in marked changes in the relationships among some producers, livestock markets, and slaughter plants. Such information may actually improve the marketability of some animal classes because documentation will help the packer ensure the safety of products for sale to domestic and foreign markets. Dairy scientists are in an excellent position to explain the food safety issues to dairy farmers and to help develop the appropriate strategies that are necessary to guide the changes needed. These scientists can be conduits for information, the research leaders for practical solutions to reduce public health risks, and valuable resources to help farmers adjust to the impact of these new in-plant regulatory systems. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Stefan, G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 3458 EP - 3462 VL - 80 IS - 12 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Meat KW - Food KW - Safety KW - Dairying KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79518258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Food+safety+issues+affecting+the+dairy+beef+industry.&rft.au=Stefan%2C+G&rft.aulast=Stefan&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Global Irrigation Distribution Uniformity AN - 27375817; A2004-35-02105 (CE); 0314035 (EN) AB - For most irrigation systems, the most practical method for determining the global distribution uniformity (i.e., that experienced by the entire crop) is to measure the uniformity resulting from several components and combine them statistically. In this paper, procedures and equations are presented for determining global distribution uniformity from several components. Distribution uniformity is defined in terms of extreme values in the distribution, representing some fraction of the field area (e.g., low quarter). The equations and procedures provided herein apply regardless of the size of the area under consideration (e.g., low quarter, low half, etc.), and whether the low or high values are of concern. Procedures and equations for estimating the accuracy of these estimates are also provided. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Solomon, K H AD - USDA/ARS, Phoenix, AZ, USA PY - 1997 SP - 454 EP - 461 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA, 20191-4400, USA, [mailto:journal-services@asce.org], [URL:http://www.asce.org] VL - 123 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Irrigation systems KW - Performance KW - Distribution patterns KW - Uniformity KW - Estimation KW - Article KW - EE 446.1:Water Supply Systems KW - EE 821.3:Agricultural Methods KW - EE 922.2:Mathematical Statistics (EN) KW - EE 921:Applied Mathematics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27375817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Global+Irrigation+Distribution+Uniformity&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BSolomon%2C+K+H&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of wood decay in wounded western hemlock and Sitka spruce in southeast Alaska AN - 17571151; 4479145 AB - Sixty-eight western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and 51 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere) trees with bole wounds were selected from six locations in southeast Alaska. Each tree was dissected and measured for extent of internal stain and decay to determine wood volume losses over time caused by fungi. The margins of stain and decay associated with bole injuries that ranged from 1 to 80 years old were marked on the surface of 30 cm long bole segments of each tree and then photographed. Areas occupied by stain and decay were measured for each bole segment using AutoCAD digitizing techniques and then the amount of affected volume was computed for each tree. In regression models, original scar width, original scar area, and a transformation of scar age are significantly correlated with the In(volume of stain + decay) for hemlock; original scar length and a transformation of original scar width are significantly correlated with volume of stain + decay for spruce. Decay extended less than 1 m above wounds and consumed less than 5% of gross tree volume in all but a few trees which had large, old scars. Decay development in hemlock was less extensive than reported in Oregon and Washington; models from these areas greatly overestimate decay in wounded trees in southeast Alaska. Tangential callus growth (one side of the wound) was 2.1 and 1.7 mm/year for spruce and hemlock, respectively. Forest managers may use this information to design stands with acceptable heart rot levels by predicting the development of decay in wounds and by altering schedules of stand thinning and final harvest of wounded trees. JF - Canadian Journal of Forest Research/Revue Canadienne de Recherche Forestiere AU - Hennon, P E AU - DeMars, D J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA, phennon/r10@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1971 EP - 1978 PB - NRC Research Press VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0045-5067, 0045-5067 KW - Pacific hemlock KW - Coast spruce KW - USA, Alaska KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Trees KW - Wood KW - Decay KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Recherche+Forestiere&rft.atitle=Development+of+wood+decay+in+wounded+western+hemlock+and+Sitka+spruce+in+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Hennon%2C+P+E%3BDeMars%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hennon&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Recherche+Forestiere&rft.issn=00455067&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2Fcjfr-27-12-1971 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Picea sitchensis; Wood; Decay; Trees DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-27-12-1971 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term nitrogen dynamics of Coweeta forested watersheds in the southeastern United States of America AN - 17219850; 4508152 AB - We analyzed long-term (23 years) data of inorganic N deposition and loss for an extensive network of mature mixed hardwood covered watersheds in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina to assess trends and dynamics of N in baseline ecosystems. We also assessed watershed N saturation in the context of altered N cycles and stream inorganic N responses associated with management practices (cutting prescriptions, species replacement, and prescribed burning) and with natural disturbances (drought and wet years, insect infestations, hurricane damage, and ozone events) on reference watersheds. Reference watersheds were characterized as highly conservative of inorganic N with deposition < 9.0 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) and stream water exports below 0.25 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1). However, reference watersheds appeared to be in a transition phase between stage 0 and stage 1 of watershed N saturation as evidenced by significant time trend increases in annual flow-weighted concentrations of NO sub(3) super(-) in stream water and increases in the seasonal amplitude and duration of NO sub(3) concentrations during 1972-1994. These stream water chemistry trends were partially attributed to significant increases in NO sub(3) super(-) and NH sub(4) super(+) concentrations in bulk precipitation over the same period and/or reduced biological demand due to forest maturation. Levels and annual patterns of stream NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations and intra-annual seasonal patterns characteristic of latter phases of stages 1 and 2 of watershed N saturation were found for low-elevation and high-elevation clear-cut watersheds, respectively, and were related to the dynamics of microbial transformations of N and vegetation uptake. Evidence for stage 3 of N saturation, where the watershed is a net source of N rather than a N sink, was found for the most distributed watershed at Coweeta (hardwood converted to grass, fertilized, limed, treated with herbicide, and subsequently characterized by successional vegetation). Compared to other intensive management practices, prescribed burning had little effect on stream water NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations, and stream NO sub(3) super(-) losses associated with natural disturbances are small and short-lived. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Swank, W T AU - Vose, J M AD - Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Otto, North Carolina Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 657 EP - 671 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - USA, North Carolina, Appalachian Mts. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clear-cutting KW - Forest management KW - Nitrates KW - Ecosystems KW - Forest watersheds KW - Saturation KW - Hardwood KW - Dynamics KW - Baseline studies KW - Deposition KW - Seasonal variations KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17219850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Long-term+nitrogen+dynamics+of+Coweeta+forested+watersheds+in+the+southeastern+United+States+of+America&rft.au=Swank%2C+W+T%3BVose%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Swank&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Includes special section: Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clear-cutting; Forest management; Baseline studies; Ecosystems; Nitrates; Forest watersheds; Deposition; Saturation; Seasonal variations; Dynamics; Hardwood; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrifiers and mycorrhizae in pristine and grazed pinyon-juniper ecosystems AN - 17199157; 4480346 AB - We compared soils from grazed and pristine pinyon-juniper ecosystems for the numbers of chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria and determined the distribution of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae (EM). Additionally, we report on the presence of allelopathic substances in organic horizons. Ammonium (NH4 super(+))-oxidizing bacteria were in greater numbers in the interspaces between the trees, ranging from 9.60 x 10 super(4) to 2.13 x 10 super(5) bacteria super(-1) soil, than under canopies, 3.5 x 10 super(4) to 4.8 x 10 super(4) bacteria super(-1) soil. Grazed interspace soils had over twice the number of NH4 super(+) oxidizing bacteria than any other location. There were no differences in the numbers of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria between either vegetative covers or sites. The rate of nitrate production did not correlate with the number of nitrifiers. However, there was a significant correlation (r super(2) = 0.85) between mineralization coefficients of total nitrogen and the total number of nitrifiers. Fourteen known and ten unknown monoterpenes were found in soils from under pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) and juniper [Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little] canopies. VA mycorrhizal spore numbers were significantly greater under canopies than in interspace soils at both sites, with the lowest number recorded in grazed interspace soils. No differences were found in the degree of colonization of either EM or VA mycorrhizae on pinyon pine or juniper, respectively, between each site. The differences in the spatial distribution of nitrifiers and mycorrhizae emphasize the complexities of the belowground ecosystem in these woodlands despite their apparent aboveground structural simplicity. JF - Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation AU - Klopatek, C C AU - Klopatek, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, c/o Department of Microbiology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2701, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 331 EP - 342 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - Colorado pinyon KW - Nut pine KW - Pinyon KW - Two-leaf pinyon KW - Two-needle pinyon KW - Utah juniper KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Juniperus osteosperma KW - Grazing KW - Allelochemicals KW - Nitrifying bacteria KW - Ectomycorrhizas KW - Pinus edulis KW - A 01044:General KW - D 04600:Soil KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Nitrifiers+and+mycorrhizae+in+pristine+and+grazed+pinyon-juniper+ecosystems&rft.au=Klopatek%2C+C+C%3BKlopatek%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Klopatek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juniperus osteosperma; Pinus edulis; Grazing; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; Spatial distribution; Allelochemicals; Ectomycorrhizas; Nitrifying bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed-borne fungal endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens AN - 17199135; 4480344 AB - Fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., produces copious quantities of small seed, with minimal nutrient reserves, protected in a hard porous capsule (utricle) that aids in dispersal. At germination, saprophytic fungi simultaneously colonize the utricle, testa, and root cortex cells of the emerging radicles. Seedling vigor was determined by measuring hypocotyl and radicle lengths after germination on minimal carbon or cellulose-supplemented medium. Comparisons were made between seedlings from utricle-excised and intact seed. Comparisons were also made between surface-sterilized and nonsterile excised seed. Minimal growth responses were observed in germinating seedlings from excised seeds on minimal carbon medium. Fungi, utricles, and cellulose supplementation positively affected seedling vigor. The results support a hypothesis that septate fungi recycle utricles and access organic carbon for seedling establishment. JF - Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation AU - Barrow, J R AU - Havstad, K M AU - Hubstenberger, J AU - McCaslin, B D AD - USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, P.O. Box 30003, New Mexico State University, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 307 EP - 314 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - growth KW - grwoth KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Endophytes KW - Fungi KW - Atriplex canescens KW - Growth KW - Seed germination KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Seed-borne+fungal+endophytes+on+fourwing+saltbush%2C+Atriplex+canescens&rft.au=Barrow%2C+J+R%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BHubstenberger%2C+J%3BMcCaslin%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Soil+Research+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atriplex canescens; Fungi; Seed germination; Endophytes; Growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen metabolism in plant cell culture/bacteria interactions: role of bacterial concentration and HO-scavenging in survival under biological and artificial oxidative stress AN - 17165339; 4461639 AB - Preliminary studies with plant cell suspensions indicated that high concentrations of bacterial inoculum can significantly reduce the H sub(2)O sub(2) levels detected immediately following inoculation. Further investigation suggested that bacterial concentration is an important factor in H sub(2)O sub(2)-scavenging, and is often overlooked in both plant/pathogen interactions as well as in vitro survival studies. In vitro studies with Pseudomonas spp. characterized the relationship between H sub(2)O sub(2)-scavenging and culturability of bacteria. Because H sub(2)O sub(2) permeates membranes rapidly, the intracellular scavenging activity of the bacteria could be detected as a decrease in the external H sub(2)O sub(2) concentration. Therefore, the effective scavenging activity of a given suspension of bacteria was proportional to the bacterial concentration. The culturability of populations of bacteria exposed to H sub(2)O sub(2) concentrations which are intolerable to individual cells ( greater than or equal to 100 mu ) was also dependent on bacterial concentration. Studies with a catalase-deficient mutant of P. putida indicated that catalase, due to its high K sub(m), had little effect on scavenging H sub(2)O sub(2) at the lower concentrations of H sub(2)O sub(2) (<100 mu ) that are likely to be encountered in suspension cells and other plant tissues. Using high concentrations of bacteria (1 x 10 super(9) cfu ml super(-1)), there was little difference between the catalase-deficient mutant and various isolates of Pseudomonas spp. in the reduction of H sub(2)O sub(2) levels in suspension cells. The studies indicated that an additional scavenging system other than catalase exists in bacteria and this may play an important role in scavenging H sub(2)O sub(2) during plant/bacteria interactions. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Baker, C AU - Orlandi, E W AU - Anderson, A J AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Bldg 010, HH5, Beltsville, 20705, MD, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 401 EP - 415 PB - Academic Press VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - metabolism KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Cell density KW - Pseudomonas KW - Catalase KW - Oxidative stress KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17165339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Oxygen+metabolism+in+plant+cell+culture%2Fbacteria+interactions%3A+role+of+bacterial+concentration+and+HO-scavenging+in+survival+under+biological+and+artificial+oxidative+stress&rft.au=Baker%2C+C%3BOrlandi%2C+E+W%3BAnderson%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Catalase; Cell density; Hydrogen peroxide; Host-pathogen interactions; Oxidative stress; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sprinkler Head Matches Waterflow to Soil Needs AN - 17143867; 4436890 AB - A new sprinkler head may help growers apply precisely the right amount of water and farm chemicals to their crops. Increased precision should reduce or eliminate problems that might otherwise be caused by managing an entire field as if it were uniform throughout in slope, fertility, and crop growth. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Kincaid, D C AD - USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, kincaidimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 11 VL - 45 IS - 12 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertility KW - Growth KW - Precision KW - Flow discharge KW - Sprinklers KW - Slopes KW - Heterogeneity KW - Crops KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17143867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Sprinkler+Head+Matches+Waterflow+to+Soil+Needs&rft.au=Kincaid%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Fertility; Flow discharge; Precision; Sprinklers; Slopes; Heterogeneity; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of volatile organic emissions and wastes from a swine production facility AN - 17132858; 4431160 AB - Analytical methods for monitoring the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, for defining atmospheric transport coefficients, and for monitoring solution phase chemistry have been developed to define processes regulating emission of malodorous and other VOCs from a high odor swine production facility. Of the 40 organic compounds identified in liquid and outdoor air samples from the swine production facility, 27 VOCs were confirmed to contribute to decreased air quality in the vicinity of the facility. Specifically, C2 through C9 organic acids demonstrated the greatest potential for decreased air quality, since these compounds exhibited the highest transport coefficients and highest airborne concentrations. Flux measurements suggested that the total rate of nonmethane VOC emissions from the deep basin swine waste storage system was 500- to 5700-fold greater than established nonmethane VOC fluxes from nonanthropogenic sources. The volatilization rate of malodorous and other VOCs from the stored swine waste was positively correlated with wind velocity between 0.2 and 9.4 m s super(-1), and a maximum concentration of VOCs present in the air was observed to occur at a wind velocity of 3.6 m s super(-1). Experimental Henry's law coefficients adequately predicted the transport efficiency observed for some of the VOC emissions measured from air samples taken at 0, 25, and 100 m from the swine waste storage basin; however, results indicated that laboratory-based extraction procedures, currently used to estimate malodor potential for swine slurry samples, provide an inaccurate representation of malodorous and other airborne VOCs actually present in the air near swine production facilities. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zahn, JA AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Do, Y S AU - DiSpirito, A A AU - Laird, DA AU - Pfeiffer, R L AD - Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., USDA-ARS, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1687 EP - 1696 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - animal wastes KW - livestock KW - manure KW - odor pollution KW - organic compounds KW - pigs KW - swine KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Animal wastes KW - Odors KW - Livestock KW - Air pollution KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Emission measurements KW - Wind KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R 18113:Odor pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+volatile+organic+emissions+and+wastes+from+a+swine+production+facility&rft.au=Zahn%2C+JA%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BDo%2C+Y+S%3BDiSpirito%2C+A+A%3BLaird%2C+DA%3BPfeiffer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Zahn&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emission measurements; Volatile organic compounds; Animal wastes; Odors; Air pollution; Livestock; Wind; Manure; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation on eggs of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in mating disrupted and conventional orchards in Washington AN - 16557706; 4383528 AB - Predation on eggs of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was assessed in Washington in June and August, 1995 in eight apple orchards treated with organophosphate insecticides (OPs), four orchards treated with mating disruption (MD) and some OPs, and four treated with MD but not with OPs. Sentinel codling moth eggs laid by caged moths on 10 shoots in each orchard were scored as alive, dead, or missing after 7 d, and beating tray samples of arthropod predators were collected at the beginning and end of each trial. Levels of egg predation (dead + missing eggs) did not differ significantly among orchard types in June but varied among orchard types in August (MD alone > MD + OPs > OPs). The percentage of dead eggs in August was significantly higher in the orchards receiving only MD than in orchards treated only with OPs. The percentage of missing eggs was significantly lower both months in orchards not treated with MD. Densities of spiders and all predators on both sample dates and for earwigs in August were significantly higher in orchards not treated with OPs. Densities of heteropteran predators did not vary significantly by orchard type. No significant correlations were found among predator densities and egg mortality within an orchard type. However, the percentages of dead eggs and dead plus missing eggs were significantly and positively correlated with densities of earwigs, spiders, and all predators in tray samples across the 16 orchards. JF - Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia AU - Knight, AL AU - Turner, JE AU - Brachula, B AD - USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 67 EP - 74 VL - 94 SN - 0071-0733, 0071-0733 KW - Earwigs KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Spiders KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Dermaptera KW - Predation KW - Orchards KW - Eggs KW - Mating disruption KW - Tortricidae KW - Insecticides KW - Araneae KW - Cydia pomonella KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.atitle=Predation+on+eggs+of+codling+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+mating+disrupted+and+conventional+orchards+in+Washington&rft.au=Knight%2C+AL%3BTurner%2C+JE%3BBrachula%2C+B&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.issn=00710733&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Araneae; Cydia pomonella; Dermaptera; Tortricidae; Predation; Insecticides; Biological control; Orchards; Eggs; Mating disruption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting Success of Indica/Japonica Crosses in Rice, Based on a PCR Marker for the S-5 super(n) Allele at a Hybrid-Sterility Locus AN - 16551161; 4352305 AB - Exploitation of crosses between the japonica and indica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is hindered by hybrid sterility. However, germplasm containing the S-5 super(n) wide compatibility allele, derived from tropical japonica (javanica), can be used as an intermediate in the transfer of traits. A PCR-based DNA marker, STS213, was used to identify the fraction of an F sub(3) population, segregating for S-5 super(n) and the japonica allele S-5 super(j), that was most likely to yield fertile progeny from crosses with indica rice. Plants carrying the STS213 allele associated with wide compatibility, had significantly higher fertility than plants containing the japonica allele. The ability to detect seedlings bearing S-5 super(n), the wide-compatibility allele, will facilitate the introgression of this allele into temperate japonica cultivars while eliminating the need to test cross, self and score for fertility a majority of the individuals during introgression. JF - Crop Science AU - Williams, CE AU - Yanagihara, S AU - McCouch AU - Mackill, D J AU - Ronald, P C AD - USDA-ARS and Dep. of Entomology, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, christie_williams@entm.purdue.edu Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1910 EP - 1912 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Fertility KW - Oryza sativa japonica KW - Sterility KW - Oryza sativa indica KW - Breeding KW - Germplasm KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Predicting+Success+of+Indica%2FJaponica+Crosses+in+Rice%2C+Based+on+a+PCR+Marker+for+the+S-5+super%28n%29+Allele+at+a+Hybrid-Sterility+Locus&rft.au=Williams%2C+CE%3BYanagihara%2C+S%3BMcCouch%3BMackill%2C+D+J%3BRonald%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1910&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oryza sativa indica; Oryza sativa japonica; Sterility; Breeding; Fertility; Germplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from sprinkler irrigation applications of swine effluent AN - 16531930; 4406695 AB - In the USA, swine operations produce more than 14 Tg of manure each year. About 30% of this manure is stored in anaerobic lagoons before effluent applications to land. Although land application is the preferred means of disposal and can supply nutrients for crop production, it leads to gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH sub(3)) and nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O), both of which can be detrimental to the environment. Our objectives were to quantify gaseous emissions of NH sub(3) and N sub(2)O from effluent applications under field conditions and to relate N sub(2)O fluxes to soil water content. Three applications of swine effluent were applied to oat (Avena sativa "GA-Mitchell") starting at heading stage. Gaseous fluxes were determined from gas concentration profiles and the momentum balance transport coefficient. About 13% of the ammonium (NH sub(4)-N) was lost through drift or volatilization of NH sub(3) during irrigation. An additional 69% was volatilized within 24 h of application. Nitrous oxide emissions were low before effluent applications (19 mg N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1) d super(-1)) and increased to 0.25 to 0.38 kg N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1) d super(-1) after irrigation. Total N sub(2)O emissions during the measurement period were 4.7 kg N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1), which was about 13% of total N applied. The large losses of NH sub(3) and N sub(2)O illustrate the difficulty of basing effluent irrigation schedules on N concentrations and the data indicate that compared to N sub(2)O, NH sub(3) emissions made greater contributions to N enrichment of the environment. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, LA AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1703 EP - 1706 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - emissions KW - swine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Ammonia+and+nitrous+oxide+emissions+from+sprinkler+irrigation+applications+of+swine+effluent&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rain pattern and soil moisture content effects on atrazine and metolachlor losses in runoff AN - 16531124; 4406696 AB - Herbicide concentration in runoff varies dramatically within a storm, therefore storm pattern is postulated to have a significant impact on herbicide loss. We evaluated the effects of storm pattern and soil moisture content on herbicide loss in runoff, and used our data to validate the uniform mixing concept for modeling herbicide transfer to runoff. Atrazine and metolachlor were surface applied to air-dried soil at rates of 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha, respectively. Two soils (Cecil sandy loam and Miami silty loam), four storm patterns (uniform, advanced peak, intermediate peak, and delayed peak), and two moisture levels (wet and dry) were used. Dissolved herbicide losses from the advanced peak were twice those from the other patterns for both herbicides for Cecil soil. The significance of rain pattern effects was reduced for Miami soil, but metolachlor loss from the advanced peak was 1.9 times that from the delayed peak. Rain pattern affected sediment-bound herbicide loss, but no consistent trend was shown for both soils. Under wet conditions a greater potential for dissolved and sediment-bound herbicide losses was shown for both herbicides on Miami soil than on Cecil soil. Measured herbicide concentrations in runoff decreased exponentially with cumulative rainfall depth, and were adequately described by the uniform mixing model. Results show that information on intensity distribution and transient infiltration rate is needed to better predict both instantaneous and total herbicide losses during a storm. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, L D AU - Hickman, M AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 Soil Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1539 EP - 1547 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Rain+pattern+and+soil+moisture+content+effects+on+atrazine+and+metolachlor+losses+in+runoff&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BHickman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process-form interactions in unstable sand-bed river channels: A numerical modeling approach AN - 16525586; 4258404 AB - A deterministic numerical model of bed deformation and channel widening, which accounts for specific mechanisms of bank erosion and collapse, is used to analyze morphological and flow-energy parameters in adjusting sand-bed channels, for a range of simulated fluvial environments. The model is based on a set of conservation and process equations solved in conjunction with a set of specific initial and boundary conditions. Simulated channels with a range of assumed boundary-material characteristics were subjected to identical disturbances imposed by reducing the supply of sediment from upstream. Asymptotic reductions of the rate of energy dissipation (energy slope) and boundary shear stress were found to be unifying characteristics of channel adjustment in all simulations. Morphologic responses to an identical disturbance (reduction of sediment supply from upstream), with identical bed material (d sub(50) = 1 mm) and channel gradient (S sub(b) = 0.001), were diverse. The relative magnitude of simulated widening versus simulated bed-level change was greatest for sand-bank channels and least for clay-bank channels. Stable-channel dimensions were attained most rapidly for silt-bank channels, where simulated adjustments of channel width were similar to simulated vertical adjustments, because all components of total-mechanical energy (flow depth or pressure head; bed elevation and channel gradient or datum head; and flow velocity or velocity head) decrease simultaneously. Each simulated channel subjected to the baseline disturbance had an initial width-to-depth ratio (F) of 13.5. Asymptotic values of energy dissipation rate, adjusted F-values, and time taken to reach equilibrium after the disturbance are shown to vary as a function of simulated environmental boundary conditions. The importance of channel widening in controlling and reducing the flow depth of a given discharge and average boundary shear stress is highlighted for the silt- and sand-bank cases. Channel widening causes a shift from degradation to aggradation during adjustment, because of delivery of sand-sized sediments from failed bank material to the simulated channel. JF - Geomorphology AU - Simon, A AU - Darby, SE AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, 598 McElroy Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, simonis.sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 85 EP - 106 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - Boundary conditions KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Channel morphology KW - Hydrodynamic equations KW - Freshwater KW - Energy dissipation KW - Flow velocity KW - Sand KW - Erosion control KW - Deformation KW - Shear stress KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Channel flow KW - Bed load KW - Fluvial sediments KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Process-form+interactions+in+unstable+sand-bed+river+channels%3A+A+numerical+modeling+approach&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BDarby%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; Shear stress; Bed load; Channel flow; Mathematical models; Sand; Simulation; Hydrodynamic equations; Boundary conditions; Energy dissipation; Deformation; Erosion control; Channel morphology; Flow velocity; Fluvial sediments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of water chemistry and soil amendments on a silt loam soil - Part 1: Infiltration and runoff AN - 16524841; 4249691 AB - Infiltration, runoff, and soil loss are processes that occur when rainfall and runoff water interact with the structure and physical and chemical bonds of the soil surface. A well-aggregated soil which is strongly resistant to dispersion and aggregate breakdown, and which is fairly porous, will typically have greater infiltration rates and less runoff and soil loss than a poorly aggregated soil that is easily dispersed and which seals and crusts. Soil surface seal formation results from: physical breakdown of soil aggregates due to raindrop impact, and/or chemical dispersion which is dependent upon soil properties and the electrolyte concentration in the surface water solution. This study examined the effect of electrolyte concentration in rainfall and runoff water, as well as the effect of different soil surface amendment treatments on infiltration, runoff, and soil loss from a typical silt loam soil susceptible to aggregate breakdown and sealing. This article presents the infiltration and runoff results, and a companion article presents the soil erosion results. Rain water electrolyte content was found to have no significant effect on final runoff or infiltration rates. The use of a fluidized bed combustion bottom ash (a byproduct from coal-fired electric power plant emissions desulfurization) soil surface amendment significantly increased infiltration on small interrill areas (41.9 mm/h vs 32.2 mm/h for the control), but was less effective on longer rill plots (20.6 mm/h vs 18.4 mm/h for the control, difference not significant). Addition of a small amount of an anionic polyacrylamide in tap water used as simulated rainfall greatly increased water infiltration into the soil, which may have potential application in sprinkler irrigation systems. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Norton, L D AU - Shainberg, I AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, flanagancn.purdue.edu Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1549 EP - 1554 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Sprinkler irrigation KW - Surface water KW - Soil erosion KW - Freshwater KW - Loam KW - Permeability KW - Soils KW - Soil amendments KW - Surface chemistry KW - Electrolytes KW - Geochemistry KW - Silt KW - Infiltration rate KW - Rain KW - Runoff KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16524841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effect+of+water+chemistry+and+soil+amendments+on+a+silt+loam+soil+-+Part+1%3A+Infiltration+and+runoff&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BShainberg%2C+I&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Permeability; Electrolytes; Surface water; Soils; Geochemistry; Silt; Soil erosion; Rain; Runoff; Surface chemistry; Sprinkler irrigation; Loam; Infiltration rate; Soil amendments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of water chemistry and soil amendments on a silt loam soil - Part 2: Soil erosion AN - 16524047; 4249692 AB - This research examined the effect of rainfall and runoff water composition, as well as the effect of different soil surface amendments on infiltration, runoff, and soil loss from a silt loam soil which was highly susceptible to aggregate breakdown and sealing. This article describes the soil erosion results, while infiltration and runoff findings are presented in a companion article. The purposes of this study were to test if soil erosion would be reduced by the presence of electrolytes in the erosive water, if use of an anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a surface spray or in rain water would reduce soil loss, and what the combined effects of high electrolyte concentrations and PAM would be. The impacts of a soil surface application of 20 kg/ha of an anionic PAM as well as 5 t/ha of a gypsiferous power-plant byproduct on soil loss were determined. Water type applied as rainfall or inflow was deionized, tap, or tap plus 10 ppm of PAM. The soil surface applications of the PAM were effective in controlling rill erosion, even at very high water inflow levels. Rill plot sediment discharge rates from deionized rainfall water applications to an initially dry soil surface were significantly greater than those resulting from rainfall having greater electrolyte concentrations. However, when inflow water was added to actively eroding rills, electrolyte concentration had no significant effect on sediment concentration or sediment discharge rate. The presence of PAM in rain water and inflow water acted to enhance soil loss when sufficient runoff was present to transport sediment from the rills. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Norton, L D AU - Shainberg, I AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, flanagancn.purdue.edu Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1555 EP - 1561 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rainfall KW - Soil erosion KW - Freshwater KW - Permeability KW - Soils KW - Soil amendments KW - Sediment transport KW - Surface chemistry KW - Rill erosion KW - Electrolytes KW - Geochemistry KW - Silt KW - Infiltration KW - Rain KW - Runoff KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16524047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effect+of+water+chemistry+and+soil+amendments+on+a+silt+loam+soil+-+Part+2%3A+Soil+erosion&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BShainberg%2C+I&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Permeability; Electrolytes; Rainfall; Soils; Geochemistry; Silt; Sediment transport; Soil erosion; Rain; Runoff; Surface chemistry; Rill erosion; Infiltration; Soil amendments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid fermentation to produce biomass of mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum AN - 16508174; 4327849 AB - Conditions for optimizing spore production, especially chlamydospores, by host-specific mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum causing vascular wilts in coca (Erythroxylum coca) and poppy (Papaver somniferum) were studied in 2.5-1 fermentors. The fermentor dissolved oxygen and pH had significant effects on the growth characteristics of F. oxysporum strains. The effect of the fungal strain, however was not significant for most of the variables studied except for chlamydospore formation. After 14 days of fermentation, the spore types produced were microconidia and chlamydospores, with very little production of macroconidia. While the total viable counts were significantly higher under high than under low dissolved O sub(2), the chlamydospore counts were significantly higher under low than under high dissolved O sub(2). The percentage of chlamydospores obtained, as a proportion of total viable was significantly higher when the fermentor pH was increased, than when it was not. Scaling-up the liquid fermentation to 20 1, yielded log sub(10) c = 6.8 (where c = chlamydospores ml super(-1)) after 14 days' fermentation, with biomass viable counts of log sub(10) v similar to 8.0 (where v = viable counts g super(-1) air-dried biomass). A single-step liquid fermentation reported in this study increased chlamydospore yields and reduced the time required for their production with techniques currently available from 5 weeks to less than 2 weeks. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Poch, S M AU - Lewis, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, BARC-W, Room 275, Bldg. 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 714 EP - 719 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - biomass KW - fermentation KW - mycoherbicides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16508174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Liquid+fermentation+to+produce+biomass+of+mycoherbicidal+strains+of+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BPoch%2C+S+M%3BLewis%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EcbI and EcbR: Homologs of LuxI and LuxR affecting antibiotic and exoenzyme production by Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum AN - 16465550; 4401305 AB - Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum Ecb168 causes vascular necrosis and root rot of sugar beet and produces an antibiotic(s) that is antagonistic against other Erwinia spp. EcbI super(-) mutants of Ecb168, each containing a single transposon insertion in the ecbI gene (for Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum inducer), do not produce detectable levels of extracellular protease or antibiotic(s), and express less pectate lyase activity and virulence than the wild-type strain. A plasmid containing the cloned ecbI gene complemented the EcbI super(-) mutants for these phenotypes. Protease production by EcbI super(-) mutants grown on agar surfaces was restored by neighboring cells of Escherichia coli containing ecbI. Production of a diffusible N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer by wild-type Ecb168 was detected with indicator strains of E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. EcbI super(-) mutant strains did not produce an autoinducer detected by the indicator strains. Antibiotic production by EcbI super(-) mutants was restored by cell-free culture supernatants of Ecb168 or E. coli containing a cloned ecbI gene. The predicted amino acid sequence of EcbI is similar to those of CarI, ExpI, and HslI, three LuxI homologs required for production of a diffusible N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. A luxR homolog, termed ecbR (for Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum regulator), is convergently transcribed and overlaps with ecbI by 17 bp at their 3' ends. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a quorum-sensing system related to the prototypic luxI-luxR gene pair controls antibiotic and exoenzyme production in Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Costa, J M AU - Loper, JE AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1164 EP - 1171 VL - 43 IS - 12 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - EcbI protein KW - EcbR protein KW - antibiotics KW - ecbI gene KW - ecbR gene KW - extracellular enzymes KW - gene regulation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16465550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=EcbI+and+EcbR%3A+Homologs+of+LuxI+and+LuxR+affecting+antibiotic+and+exoenzyme+production+by+Erwinia+carotovora+subsp.+betavasculorum&rft.au=Costa%2C+J+M%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing methyl bromide emission with a high barrier plastic film and reduced dosage AN - 16454940; 4380457 AB - A field experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of a high-barrier plastic film (Hytibar) and reduced methyl bromide (MeBr) application dosages in decreasing MeBr emission from soil fumigation. Comparison was made with a conventional polyethylene film (PE) and a regular application rate. MeBr emission from nine small field plots was continuously measured with two replicated active chambers. Replicated soil cores were taken to a depth of 3 m to determine MeBr degradation and to obtain a mass balance. Results indicated that about 64% of applied MeBr was lost to atmospheric emission when covered with the PE tarp for at least 5 days. The emission was reduced to 37.5% when covered with the Hytibar tarp for 5 days. MeBr emission was virtually eliminated when covering with the Hytibar tarp for more than 10 days (only 1.1-3.2% loss). The low emission rate was verified from the degradation measurements which, along with the flux measurements, produced nearly 100% mass balance. Combined use of a high-barrier plastic film such as the Hytibar with reduced application rates can significantly reduce MeBr atmospheric emission while maintaining effective pest control efficacy. JF - ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL. AU - Wang, D AU - Yates AU - Ernst, F F AU - Gan, J AU - Jury, WA AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Soil Physics & Pesticides Research Unit, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA, dwang@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 3686 EP - 3691 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.atitle=Reducing+methyl+bromide+emission+with+a+high+barrier+plastic+film+and+reduced+dosage&rft.au=Wang%2C+D%3BYates%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BGan%2C+J%3BJury%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated procedure for extraction of metolachlor from soil AN - 16454891; 4380456 AB - Methods for extraction of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N- (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] from soil are tedious and time-consuming. Existing robotic stations were adapted to provide an automated multistep method of metolachlor extraction from soil. The method was examined using a fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll. Duration of equilibration (0-4 h), initial soil pH (5.0-7.1), temperature of evaporation (24, 35, and 50 degree C), and gas used for perfusion (air or N sub(2)) were examined. Extraction efficiency was unaffected by duration of equilibration or initial soil pH. A temperature by perfusion gas interaction affected percent recovery. At 24 degree C, N sub(2) provided a small but measurable advantage in recovery, 71.1-74.2%. At 35 degree C, a clear advantage in recovery, 50.5-69.8%, was obtained using compressed air. At 50 degree C, recovery, which averaged only about 38%, was unaffected by perfusion gas. Relative recovery was unaffected by incubation time in 90% methanol over a 4-h range. Relative to the current extraction method, the serialized robotic method increased sample output by 267%. Relative costs of extraction were also compared. Hazardous waste generation was decreased by about 67%, and reagent cost was decreased by > 75% using the robotic method. JF - ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL. AU - Lemme, ThH AU - Olness, A AU - Voorhees, W B AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, Minnesota 56267, USA, tlemme@mail.mrsars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 3682 EP - 3685 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - metolachlor KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.atitle=Automated+procedure+for+extraction+of+metolachlor+from+soil&rft.au=Lemme%2C+ThH%3BOlness%2C+A%3BVoorhees%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Lemme&rft.aufirst=ThH&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent evolution and divergence among populations of a rare Mexican endemic, Chihuahua spruce, following Holocene climatic warming AN - 16425427; 4322819 AB - Fragmentation and reduction in population size are expected to reduce genetic diversity. However, examples from natural populations of forest trees are scarce. The range of Chihuahua spruce retreated northward and fragmented coincident with the warming climate that marked the early Holocene. The isolated populations vary from 15 to 2441 trees, which provided an opportunity to test whether census number is a good predictor of genetic diversity. Mean expected heterozygosity, H sub(e), based on 24 loci in 16 enzyme systems, was 0.093 for 10 sampled populations, which is within the range reported for conifers. However, estimates varied more than twofold among populations and H sub(e) was closely related to the logarithm of the number of mature trees in the population (r sub(He),N = 0.93). Diversity among populations, F sub(ST), was 24.8% of the total diversity, which is higher than that observed in almost all conifer species studied. Nei's genetic distance, D, was not related to geographic distance between populations, and D super(-) was 0.033, which is higher than estimates for most wide-ranging species. Most populations had excess homozygosity and the fixation index, F sub(IS), was higher than that reported for all but one species of conifer. Nm, the number of migrants per generation, was 0.43 to 0.76, depending on estimation procedure, and is the smallest observed in conifers. The data suggest that populations of Chihuahua spruce have differentiated by drift and that they are effectively isolated. The results illustrate how a combination of paleontological observation and molecular markers can be used to illuminate recent evolutionary events. Multilocus estimates of outcrossing for two small populations were zero (complete selfing) and 0.153, respectively, which are in striking contrast to the near complete outcrossing observed in most conifers. The high fixation index and a high proportion of empty seeds (45%) suggest that inbreeding may be a serious problem for conservation of Chihuahua spruce. JF - Evolution AU - Ledig, E T AU - Jacob-Cervantes, V AU - Hodgskiss, P D AU - Eguiluz-Piedra, T AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1815 EP - 1827 VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0014-3820, 0014-3820 KW - Chihuahua spruce KW - Mexico KW - Spruce KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Recent+evolution+and+divergence+among+populations+of+a+rare+Mexican+endemic%2C+Chihuahua+spruce%2C+following+Holocene+climatic+warming&rft.au=Ledig%2C+E+T%3BJacob-Cervantes%2C+V%3BHodgskiss%2C+P+D%3BEguiluz-Piedra%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ledig&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolution&rft.issn=00143820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linearity of basin response as a function of scale in a semiarid watershed AN - 16411219; 4325523 AB - Linearity of basin runoff and peak response as a function of watershed scale was examined for a set of 29 nested semiarid watersheds within the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, located in southeastern Arizona. Watershed drainage areas range from 1.83 x 10 super(3) to 1.48 x 10 super(8) m super(2) (0.183-14800 ha), and all stream channels are ephemeral. Observations of mean annual runoff, database-derived 2- and 100-year peak runoff rates, ephemeral channel area, and areal rainfall characteristics derived from 304 events were examined to assess the nature of runoff response behavior over this range of watershed scales. Two types of distributed rainfall-runoff models of differing complexity were applied to a subset of the watersheds to further investigate the scale-dependent nature of the collected data. Contrary to the conclusions of numerous studies in more humid regions, it was found that watershed runoff response becomes more nonlinear with increasing watershed scale, with a critical transition threshold area occurring roughly around the range of 3.7 x 10 super(5) to 6.0 x 10 super(5) m super(2) (37-60 ha). The primary causes of increasingly nonlinear response are the increasing importance of ephemeral channel losses and partial storm area coverage. The modeling results indicate that significant error will result in model estimates of peak runoff rates when rainfall inputs from depth area-frequency relationships are applied beyond the area of typical storm coverage. For runoff modeling in Walnut Gulch and similar semiarid environments, explicit treatment of channel routing and transmission losses from channel infiltration will be required for watersheds larger than the critical drainage area. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Lane, L J AU - Shillito, R M AU - Miller, S N AU - Syed, KH AU - Woolhiser, DA AD - Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 2951 EP - 2965 VL - 33 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, Arizona, Walnut Gulch KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16411219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Linearity+of+basin+response+as+a+function+of+scale+in+a+semiarid+watershed&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+D+C%3BLane%2C+L+J%3BShillito%2C+R+M%3BMiller%2C+S+N%3BSyed%2C+KH%3BWoolhiser%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) adsorption on three California soils AN - 16410384; 4325583 AB - Inorganic arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are toxic pollutants that are transported in surface and ground waters and can adsorb on soil and sediment mineral surfaces. Because of the importance of adsorption reactions in determining the overall mobility of arsenic, we investigated the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) on three soils at varying As concentration, pH, and ionic strength. The objectives were to characterize and compare As(III) and As(V) adsorption on three arid-zone soils from California (Wasco, Fallbrook, and Wyo) and to determine the relationship between soil properties and adsorption. Chromatographic speciation of As(III)/(V) revealed that the three soils contained low levels of background As(V). Oxidation of added As(III) to As(V) was not detected below pH 8 in soil suspensions during 16-h adsorption experiments; however, As(III) oxidation was detected at higher adjusted pH. The soil with the highest citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and %clay (Wyo) had the highest affinity for As(III) and As(V) and displayed adsorption behavior similar to pure ferric oxide. Adsorption isotherms indicated that As(V) species adsorbed more strongly than As(III) under most conditions. However, a pH-dependent reversal in the relative affinity of As(III) and As(V) for the soils was observed at low As surface coverage. JF - Soil Science AU - Manning, BA AU - Goldberg, S AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, bmanning@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 886 EP - 895 VL - 162 IS - 12 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, California KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16410384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Arsenic%28III%29+and+arsenic%28V%29+adsorption+on+three+California+soils&rft.au=Manning%2C+BA%3BGoldberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=886&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitism of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae on the Delmarva Peninsula with emphasis on Coccygomimus disparis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) AN - 16386630; 4300760 AB - Collections of gypsy moth pupae were made on the Delmarva Peninsula during 1989-1994, for the purpose of recovering the recently introduced pupal parasite Coccygomimus disparis (Viereck). Habitats sampled included forests and woodlands, residential forest openings, parks or small woodlots within residential areas, and residences in suburban areas. This species was recovered in all regions of the peninsula, but it did not seem to be associated with any particular habitat. Parasitism was usually low, <1%, but averaged 4.5% in 1990. Levels of parasitism by this species did not seem to be affected by host density, habitat, or latitude. Discriminant analysis suggested that sample size, minimum temperature the previous December, minimum temperature the previous February, June rainfall and site location (upper or lower peninsula) were the most important factors affecting recoveries of this species. Moth emergence was generally high, averaging 54%. Other sources of mortality (average percentages) were desiccation (16.6%), disease (14.4%), parasitism by other species (3.8%), and unknown causes (9.8%). JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Fuester, R W AU - Sandridge, P T AU - Dill, N H AU - McLaughlin, J M AU - Peiffer, R A AU - Taylor, P B AU - Sigmon, JOD AU - Newlon, C J AD - North Atlantic Area, Beneficial Insects Introduction Res., USDA-ARS, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1551 EP - 1559 VL - 90 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - USA KW - parasitism KW - pupae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Parasitism+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+pupae+on+the+Delmarva+Peninsula+with+emphasis+on+Coccygomimus+disparis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R+W%3BSandridge%2C+P+T%3BDill%2C+N+H%3BMcLaughlin%2C+J+M%3BPeiffer%2C+R+A%3BTaylor%2C+P+B%3BSigmon%2C+JOD%3BNewlon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Setting riparian/aquatic restoration objectives within a watershed context AN - 16384274; 4270440 AB - Declines in native plant and animal communities have prompted new interest in the restoration of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. Past restoration activities typically have been site specific, with little thought to processes operating at larger scales. A watershed analysis process developed in the Pacific Northwest identifies four operating scales useful in developing restoration priorities: region, basin, watershed, and specific site. Watershed analysis provides a template for restoration practitioners to use in prioritizing restoration activities. The template identifies seven key steps necessary to understand and develop restoration priorities: (1) characterization, (2) identification of key issues and questions, (3) documentation of current conditions, (4) description of reference conditions, (5) identification of objectives, (6) summary of conditions and determination of causes, and (7) recommendations. When a similar process was used in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, and in the Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon, specialists were able to identify key habitat conditions and habitat forming processes and then to establish restoration priorities and implement the appropriate activities. Watershed analysis provides a valuable set of tools for identifying restoration activities and is currently being used throughout the Pacific Northwest to develop management strategies and restoration priorities. Although the analysis requires significant time, money, and personnel, experience suggests that watershed analysis provides valuable direction for managing aquatic and riparian resources. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Kershner, J L AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Fish Habitat Relationships Unit, Fish and Wildlife Dept., Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5210, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 15 EP - 24 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - USA KW - USA, Oregon, Siuslaw Natl. Forest KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - USA, Utah, Uinta Mts. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Watersheds KW - Planning KW - Riparian environments KW - Rivers KW - Riparian land KW - Management planning KW - Rehabilitation KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Environmental protection KW - Habitat improvement KW - Environmental restoration KW - Priorities KW - Pollution control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16384274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Setting+riparian%2Faquatic+restoration+objectives+within+a+watershed+context&rft.au=Kershner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Riparian Restoration. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Ecosystems; Habitat improvement; Planning; Riparian environments; Watersheds; Environmental protection; Pollution control; Rehabilitation; Priorities; Environmental restoration; Aquatic ecosystems; Riparian land; Management planning; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil changes following 18 years of protection from grazing in Arizona chaparral AN - 16379842; 4298075 AB - Recovery of degraded semiarid rangeland is influenced by the degree of soil erosion and changes in soil physical and chemical properties that follow the loss of herbaceous cover. The objectives of this study were to compare changes in physical and chemical properties of a chaparral soil protected from grazing for 18 years, and to evaluate these changes relative to succession and threshold paradigms. Litter and soil samples were collected beneath shrub live oak (Ouercus turbinella), birchleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides) and open spaces between shrubs in a livestock exclosure and the surrounding grazed area. Additional soil was collected beneath shrub live oak and from open spaces between shrubs for a bioassay of soil fertility within the exclosure and the grazed area using oats (Avena sativa) as the indicator species. Percentage silt and clay were greater and percentage sand was lower within the exclosure. Organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were greater in soil beneath mountain mahogany and from shrubless openings within the exclosure compared to the grazed area, but not beneath shrub live oak. Soil from shrubless openings in the exclosure produced greater oat shoot weights compared to soil from open spaces in the grazed area, but there was no difference in oat shoot weights between grazed and protected areas beneath shrub live oak. Shoot weights increased in response to nitrogen and nitrogen + phosphorus, but not phosphorus alone, indicating the site was primarily nitrogen limited. Improvements in soil physical and chemical properties within the exclosure did not result in recovery of herbaceous vegetation in open areas between shrubs. A very heterogeneous distribution pattern in soil properties, characterized by large differences between soils under shrubs compared to open areas between shrubs, was evident within the exclosure and in the grazed area, indicating the presence of a degraded ecosystem. Improvements in soil physical and chemical properties within the exclosure represent an upward trend within a stable threshold of lower productivity, rather than a slow return to climax condition. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Brejda, J J AD - USDA-NRCS, Soil Quality Institute, National Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 478 EP - 487 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16379842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Soil+changes+following+18+years+of+protection+from+grazing+in+Arizona+chaparral&rft.au=Brejda%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brejda&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sunlight and simulated rain on residual activity of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations AN - 16373049; 4295850 AB - The effect of sunlight and simulated rain on the residual insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki formulations applied to field grown cabbage were measured. Leaf samples were collected 1, 2, 4, and 7 d after treatment and assayed against neonate cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner). Simulated rain applied by a sprinkler irrigation system washed B. thuringiensis from the plants, causing on average 20% reduction in insecticidal activity across all treatments. Sunlight intensity was manipulated by applying degrees of shade treatments consisting of no cover, clear plastic covers, and black plastic covers. Black plastic provided protection from sunlight degradation for 7 d, whereas both clear plastic and no cover treatments lost insecticidal activity equally beginning 2 d after application of B. thuringiensis. There was no interaction between simulated rain and shade treatments and thus no synergistic loss of insecticidal activity by the combination of both environmental factors. Formulations of B. thuringiensis differed in their ability to resist wash-off by simulated rain and degradation by sunlight. Formulations consisting of 1% wt:vol gluten or 0.5% wt:vol casein resisted wash-off better than flour/sucrose (2% wt:vol) and Dipel 2X. Resistance to sunlight degradation was greatest with the gluten formulation and progressively less for casein, flour/sucrose and Dipel 2X formulations. Half-life of insecticidal activity in response to sunlight was calculated to be 7.1, 5.7, 4.8, and 4.3 d for gluten, casein, flour/sucrose and Dipel 2X formulations, respectively. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Behle, R W AU - McGuire, M R AU - Shasha, B S AD - Bioactive Agents Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1560 EP - 1566 VL - 90 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cabbage looper KW - Lepidoptera KW - formulations KW - pathogenicity KW - pesticides KW - rainfall KW - solar radiation KW - sunlight KW - toxicity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sunlight+and+simulated+rain+on+residual+activity+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+formulations&rft.au=Behle%2C+R+W%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BShasha%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Behle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ambient and enhanced UV-B radiation on periphyton in a mountain stream AN - 16370658; 4251494 AB - We examined the influence of UVR on an open and a shaded section of a mountain stream (2,850 m a.s.l.) by comparing periphyton and grazers on clay substrates under four light regimes (UVR blocked and UV-B enhanced treatments and two controls). Neither ambient levels of UVR nor enhanced UV-B appeared to have an adverse impact on periphyton in the shaded section. However, enhanced UV-B in the open section appeared to cause a decline in periphyton biomass and diversity. Diatoms seemed particularly susceptible as twenty-eight species were absent from the UV-B enhanced treatment but were present 2 m downstream in the control. Tube-dwelling diatoms were only present at UV-B enhanced treatments (shade and open). Hydrurus foetidus (cells embedded in mucopolysaccharide) was relatively rare at all sites except the UV-B enhanced treatment in the open where it was the dominant alga. Periphyton may use mucopolysaccharide to diminish harmful UV-B effects. Grazer densities in the UV-B enhanced sites were similar to controls and treatments blocking UVR. Our results suggest that potential UV-B increases due to thinning of the ozone layer could have direct adverse effects on the periphyton assemblage in open sections of high elevation streams. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Rader, R B AU - Belish, T A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Range and Forest Experiment Station, 222 South 22nd Street, Laramie, WY 82070, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 615 EP - 628 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Hydrurus foetidus KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - K 03009:Algae KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16370658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ambient+and+enhanced+UV-B+radiation+on+periphyton+in+a+mountain+stream&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BBelish%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RAPD-PCR characterization of Beauveria bassiana isolates from the rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus AN - 16365219; 4262255 AB - Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was used to examine the genetic variability among Beauveria bassiana isolates from infected rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, collected in south-western Louisiana. Most of the B. bassiana isolates tightly clustered into one or the other of two groups that diverged at the 65% similarity level. Three soil isolates also clustered within the two groups while one soil isolate did not tightly cluster (mean similarity = 65%) with any of the RWW isolates. The results suggest that certain genotypes of B. bassiana commonly infect RWW while others do not. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Urtz, B E AU - Rice, W C AD - USDA ARS, Rice Research Station, PO Box 1429, Crowley, LA 70527, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 405 EP - 409 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Coleoptera KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16365219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=RAPD-PCR+characterization+of+Beauveria+bassiana+isolates+from+the+rice+water+weevil+Lissorhoptrus+oryzophilus&rft.au=Urtz%2C+B+E%3BRice%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Urtz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) baculovirus: Potency and enhancement by Blankophor BBH against 3 lepidopteran species AN - 16354466; 4291123 AB - The potency of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV), was evaluated against 2nd instars of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner); and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Tests included virus produced in corn earworm larvae (in vivo) and in cell culture (in vitro). Potency was highest against the corn earworm, least against the diamondback moth, and intermediate against the beet armyworm. Discovery of a bacterial contaminant, Serratia marcescens Bizio, in the in vivo virus sample limited our ability to make comparisons of in vivo versus in vitro viruses, however. An antibiotic, neomycin sulfate, was used to control the bacterium in later tests. The addition of a diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid derivative, Blankophor BBH, to AfMNPV increased the potency of the virus against all insect species tested. However, neither Blankophor BBH nor neomycin sulfate greatly affected the relative differences in potency among host species. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, Rm. 322, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1461 EP - 1469 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Beet armyworm KW - Bollworm KW - Celery looper KW - Corn earworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - baculovirus KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16354466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=The+celery+looper+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+baculovirus%3A+Potency+and+enhancement+by+Blankophor+BBH+against+3+lepidopteran+species&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparent fate of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae stung by the introduced parasite Coccygomimus disparis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) AN - 16349053; 4288564 AB - Observations on stinging behavior of Coccygomimus disparis (Viereck), an introduced pupal parasite of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), and its impact on host fate were made in a field study at 3 sites in a forested community near Hartly, DE. Incidence of ichneumonid parasitism and other mortality sources were compared in hosts known and not known to have been stung by C. disparis. Both parasitism and other mortality were higher in stung pupae. Survival of pupae, as evidenced by emergence of adult moths known to have been stung by C. disparis, was significantly lower than those not known to have been stung at 2 of the 3 study sites, and at all 3 sites when only female pupae were considered. The only site where no difference was noted had sustained heavy mortality (>80%), induced by other factors, especially Calosoma sycophanta (L.) and Brachymeria intermedia (Nees). Parasitization by ichneumonids and B. intermedia as well as incidence of disease and desiccation, were higher in pupae of L. dispar experimentally stung by C. disparis than in those which were not. Attacks by C. disparis ranged from 10 s to approximately 17 min in duration, but averaged <4 min. Host feeding by C. disparis females did not affect survival in stung hosts but did prolong attack duration. Attack duration differed among sites. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fuester, R W AU - Sandridge, P T AU - Dill, N H AU - McLaughlin, J M AU - Taylor, P B AU - Sigmond, JOD AU - Newlon, C J AD - Beneficial Insects Introduction Res., USDA-ARS, Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1442 EP - 1451 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - introduced species KW - parasites KW - pupae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Apparent+fate+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+pupae+stung+by+the+introduced+parasite+Coccygomimus+disparis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R+W%3BSandridge%2C+P+T%3BDill%2C+N+H%3BMcLaughlin%2C+J+M%3BTaylor%2C+P+B%3BSigmond%2C+JOD%3BNewlon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sunlight stability and rain-fastness of formulations of Baculovirus heliothis AN - 16345335; 4291122 AB - Sunlight-Ultraviolet, with an activity spectrum from 290 to 400 nm, is the most destructive factor affecting the persistence of baculoviruses. Benzopurpurin (a disazo dye) and carbon provided the best protection when polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of Baculovirus heliothis were exposed to an artificial spectrum simulating sunlight-UV (UV). Greater than 75% of the original PIB activity was still present after 48 h of sunlight-UV. When sprayed on soybeans and exposed to natural sunlight, only formulations with carbon provided significant protection of PIB. The half-life of formulations were PIB-only 4.9 plus or minus 1.4 h (mean plus or minus SE), PIB + polymer (pyrrolidone-based sticker) 3.3 plus or minus 0.6 h, PIB + polymer + benzopurpurin 3.4 plus or minus 0.7 h, and PIB + polymer + carbon 27.7 plus or minus 5.2 h. PIB of B. heliothis tenaciously adhere to soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, leaflets after spraying and drying. Less than 6% of the PIB activity of nonformulated PIB was lost after a drenching, simulated rainfall. More than 97% of the original PIB activity of carbon formulations was still present on soybean leaflets after 10 h of exposure to sunlight-UV. In contrast, <20% was present for formulations without carbon. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AU - Saathoff, S G AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1470 EP - 1474 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - baculovirus KW - biological control KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - pesticide applications KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16345335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Sunlight+stability+and+rain-fastness+of+formulations+of+Baculovirus+heliothis&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C%3BSaathoff%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute and sublethal activity of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on adult Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) AN - 16343925; 4291124 AB - In order to be most effective, components of integrated pest management programs should act in concert with minimal antagonistic interaction between natural enemy groups and other interventions. Entomopathogenic fungi and insect natural enemies have the potential to complement or interfere with one another, depending on environmental conditions. The acute and sublethal effects of the hyphomycete fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith, on adult female Aphelinus asychis Walker, a common parasitoid of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), were studied under conditions of low ( approximately 55% RH) and high ( greater than or equal to 95% RH) humidity at 24 degree C. Parasites exposed to dosages of P. fumosoroseus ranging from 3.75 to 3.75 x 10 super(3) conidia per square centimeter and incubated at 24 degree C in low or high relative humidity responded with mortality ranges of 20-33% and 33-88%, respectively. The effect of treatment with P. fumosoroseus at 5.2 x 10 super(4) spores per square centimeter (2 x LC sub(95) for D. noxia) on foraging behavior of the parasitoid was studied with video image analysis 24-96 h after treatment with the fungus and incubation at low or high relative humidity. There was no significant difference between control and fungus-treated females that were incubated at the lower humidity in terms of percentage of time walking, turning, resting, and average walking speed. However, fungus-treated insects that were incubated at high relative humidity were significantly less active than their respective controls for percentage of time walking, walking speed, and distance covered. Also, average walking speed and distance walked by treated parasitoids incubated at low relative humidity for 96 h following treatment was significantly greater than treated insects incubated at the high relative humidity. Females treated with 2.6 x 10 super(4) spores per square centimeter and held in greater than or equal to 95% RH for 24 h followed by incubation at 60% RH survived for an average of 5.7 d relative to 9 d for untreated females. The number of mummies produced per female per day was not significantly different between treated and untreated females, but more aphids were parasitized by the control insects due to longer survival. The limited untoward effect of P. fumosoroseus on adult A. asychis under conditions of lower humidity indicates good potential for their combined use for control of the Russian wheat aphid. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lacey, LA AU - Mesquita, ALM AU - Mercadier, G AU - Debire, R AU - Kazmer, D J AU - Leclant, F AD - Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1452 EP - 1460 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - adults KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16343925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Acute+and+sublethal+activity+of+the+entomopathogenic+fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+on+adult+Aphelinus+asychis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29&rft.au=Lacey%2C+LA%3BMesquita%2C+ALM%3BMercadier%2C+G%3BDebire%2C+R%3BKazmer%2C+D+J%3BLeclant%2C+F&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of dye-saturated quaternized cellulose by bisulfite-mediated borohydride reduction of dye azo groups: An improved process for decolorization of textile wastewaters AN - 16343630; 4290703 AB - Cellulosics modified to contain quaternary ammonium groups have a strong affinity for anionic dyes. Therefore, ion exchangers based on quaternized cellulose or lignocellulose can be used to remove textile dyes from wastewater. However, restoration of exchanger binding capacity is poor using conventional, low-cost regenerants. Experiments were conducted with two monoazo dyes, Orange II (Acid Orange 7) and Remazol Red F3B (Reactive Red 180), to determine whether reductive cleavage of dye azo bonds improves exchanger regenerability. Treatment with the redox couple KBH sub(4)/NaHSO sub(3) fully restored the binding capacity of Orange II-saturated quaternized cellulose. KBH sub(4)/NaHSO sub(3) treatment of quaternized cellulose saturated with Remazol Red F3B (hydrolyzed, unreactive form) restored 74% of the exchanger binding capacity, which increased to 95% with a subsequent wash with NaOH or NaClO sub(4). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to confirm that KBH sub(4)/NaHSO sub(3) reductively cleaved dye azo bonds. Bisulfite was found to form a stable adduct with Orange II but to not cleave the dye's azo bond. The efficiency of dye azo bond reduction was the same for dye in solution and exchanger-bound dye. These results indicate that reduction of monoazo dyes is an efficient method by which to regenerate the dye binding capacity of quaternized cellulosics used to decolorize textile wastewater. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Laszlo, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Biomaterials Processing Res. Unit, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 3647 EP - 3653 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16343630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+dye-saturated+quaternized+cellulose+by+bisulfite-mediated+borohydride+reduction+of+dye+azo+groups%3A+An+improved+process+for+decolorization+of+textile+wastewaters&rft.au=Laszlo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Laszlo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of host diet on the orientation, development, and subsequent generations of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) AN - 16340726; 4288556 AB - Female Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) were attracted to odors from gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), egg masses in a 4-way olfactometer. Responses to egg mass odors varied with the difference of larval diet of the host. The number of gypsy moth generations on a particular larval diet also appeared to affect parasitoid orientation to the resulting egg masses. The plant species on which gypsy moth larvae fed affected characteristics of both the egg masses and the emerging wasps. Gypsy moth egg masses derived from plant-fed larvae had larger, but fewer, eggs than those derived from larvae fed artificial diet. The effects of host larval food on egg parasitoid emergence appeared in the 2nd generation, apparently because wasp developmental substrate affected their fecundity. O. kuvanae that developed in eggs derived from oak-fed gypsy moths produced more offspring than those that developed in eggs derived from tamarack-fed gypsy moths, regardless of subsequent ovipositional substrate. The offspring sex ratio was influenced by the ovipositional and parental substrates. The proportion of females was highest in larval treatments and egg mass sections that yielded the largest eggs. O. kuvanae generally parasitized more eggs in the section of the egg mass that was laid first by the gypsy moth. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hofstetter, R W AU - Raffa, K F AD - Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Wapata, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1276 EP - 1282 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - development KW - diets KW - hosts KW - orientation KW - parasitoids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16340726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+host+diet+on+the+orientation%2C+development%2C+and+subsequent+generations+of+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+egg+parasitoid+Ooencyrtus+kuvanae+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Encyrtidae%29&rft.au=Hofstetter%2C+R+W%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Hofstetter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment movement within a strip intercropping system AN - 16336103; 4287047 AB - This study was conducted to identify sediment movement within a strip intercropping system in southwestern Iowa during the third year of a three-year crop rotation. Soil loss, resulting from the application of simulated rainfall to a Monona silt loam soil, was measured from individual corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) strips, and from multiple strips which included all three crops. Because of the crop rotation and residue management procedures used at the study site, a substantial amount of surface cover and vegetative mass was present on each of the strips. As a result, soil loss resulting from simulated rainfall applied for a one-hour duration at an intensity of approximately 64 mm/hr (2.5 in/hr) was less than or equal to 1.5 Mg/ha (0.67 tons/acre) from each of the individual and multiple strips. Thus, the strip intercropping system established on this highly erodible site provided effective erosion control. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Kramer, LA AU - Cruse, R M AU - Hull, A AD - USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 443 EP - 447 VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Iowa KW - strip intercropping system KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Sediment+movement+within+a+strip+intercropping+system&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BKramer%2C+LA%3BCruse%2C+R+M%3BHull%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in peanut genotypes with resistance to other fungal pathogens AN - 16329756; 4255600 AB - Indirect selection tools would be valuable in the development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with resistance to aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to determine whether resistance to other fungi could be used as an indirect selection tool for resistance to colonization of peanut by Aspergillus flavus group fungi or aflatoxin contamination. Nine peanut genotypes with resistance to late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) or white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii) were evaluated for 2 years at Tifton, GA, and Yuma, AZ. Plots were subjected to late-season heat and drought stress. None of the genotypes exhibited less colonization of shells or kernels by A. flavus group fungi than cv. Florunner when tested in Georgia or Arizona. None of the genotypes showed a reduced level of aflatoxin contamination in comparison to Florunner at either location. These results indicate that the mechanisms of resistance to other fungi operating in these genotypes are not effective in providing resistance to colonization by A. flavus group fungi or reducing aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, resistance to these fungi cannot be used as an indirect selection tool for resistance to aflatoxin contamination. JF - Plant Disease AU - Holbrook, C C AU - Wilson, D M AU - Matheron, ME AU - Anderson, W F AD - USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1429 EP - 1431 VL - 81 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aflatoxins KW - disease resistance KW - mycotoxins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16329756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aspergillus+colonization+and+aflatoxin+contamination+in+peanut+genotypes+with+resistance+to+other+fungal+pathogens&rft.au=Holbrook%2C+C+C%3BWilson%2C+D+M%3BMatheron%2C+ME%3BAnderson%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum on heartnut (Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis). AN - 16328963; 4255603 AB - USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA JF - Plant Disease AU - Ostry, ME AD - USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1461 VL - 81 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16328963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Sirococcus+clavigignenti-juglandacearum+on+heartnut+%28Juglans+ailantifolia+var.+cordiformis%29.&rft.au=Ostry%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Ostry&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accuracy of irrigation efficiency estimates AN - 16318302; 4256877 AB - Evaluation of actual irrigation system performance should rely on an accurate hydrologic water balance over the area considered. In a companion paper, water uses are categorized as consumptive or nonconsumptive, and beneficial or nonbeneficial. Real performance is based on water uses over a specified period of time, rather than observation of a single irrigation event (with associate potential, but not yet actual, consumptive and/or beneficial uses). Once the components in the water balance have been determined, it is shown that the accuracy of irrigation performance parameters can be determined from the accuracy of the components in the water balance, using standard statistical procedures. Accuracy is expressed in terms of confidence intervals. Equations, procedures, and examples are provided for making these calculations. It is recommended that confidence intervals be included in all reporting of irrigation system performance parameters. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Burt, C M AD - U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 443 EP - 453 VL - 123 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16318302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+irrigation+efficiency+estimates&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BBurt%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk: Are current pasteurization conditions effective? AN - 16316848; 4249184 AB - Currently, it is not known whether commercial pasteurization effectively kills Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in contaminated raw milk. Results from holder test tube experiments indicated that a residual population of viable bacteria remained after treatment at 65, 72, 74, or 76 degree C for 0 to 30 min. Use of a laboratory-scale pasteurizer unit demonstrated that treatment of raw milk at 72 degree C for 15 s effectively killed all M. paratuberculosis. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stabel, J R AU - Steadham, E M AU - Bolin, CA AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 4975 EP - 4977 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - heat inactivation KW - milk KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16316848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Heat+inactivation+of+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+in+raw+milk%3A+Are+current+pasteurization+conditions+effective%3F&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BSteadham%2C+E+M%3BBolin%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic characterization by RAPD analysis of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli associated with an emerging epidemic in Peru AN - 16309049; 4244952 AB - An epidemic of vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli is currently occurring on Erythroxylum coca var. coca in the coca-growing regions of the Huallaga Valley in Peru. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of isolates of the pathogen was undertaken to elucidate its genetic complexity, as well as to identify a specific DNA fingerprint for the pathogen. Two hundred isolates of Fusarium were collected from 10 coca-growing regions in Peru. Of these, 187 were confirmed to be F. oxysporum, and 143 of the F. oxysporum were shown to be pathogens of coca by a root-dip pathogenicity test. The pathogens could be grouped into two subpopulations based on RAPD analysis, and no polymorphism in RAPD pattern was observed among isolates of either subpopulation. Both subpopulations were present in the central Huallaga Valley, where earliest reports of the epidemic occurred. RAPD analysis could easily distinguish the isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli from the nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum from E. coca var. coca, indicating its utility in DNA fingerprinting. JF - Phytopathology AU - Nelson, A J AU - Elias, K S AU - Arevalo, E G AU - Darlington, L C AU - Bailey, BA AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1220 EP - 1225 VL - 87 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Peru KW - genetic analysis KW - geography KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03015:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16309049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Genetic+characterization+by+RAPD+analysis+of+isolates+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+associated+with+an+emerging+epidemic+in+Peru&rft.au=Nelson%2C+A+J%3BElias%2C+K+S%3BArevalo%2C+E+G%3BDarlington%2C+L+C%3BBailey%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the Anopheles (Anopheles) quadrimaculatus complex of sibling species (Diptera: Culicidae) using morphological, cytological, molecular, genetic, biochemical, and ecological techniques in an integrated approach AN - 16289960; 4296046 AB - The Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex of 5 cryptic species (i.e., An. diluvialis Reinert, new species; An. inundatus Reinert, new species; An. maverlius Reinert, new species; An. quadrimaculatus Say; An. smaragdinus Reinert, new species) is analyzed using multiple techniques, including morphological, cytological, molecular, genetic, biochemical, and ecological procedures. All life stages (egg, 4th-instar larva, pupa, and female and male adults) are described using morphological features, and pertinent stages or structures are illustrated. A neotype for An. quadrimaculatus is designated, and the synonymy of An. annulimanus Van der Wulp is confirmed. Several new morphological features are described. New and summarized data from published literature on hybridization, cytological, electrophoretic, molecular, and cuticular hydrocarbon studies are included. Immature and adult bionomics are given. The geographic distribution for each species is listed and shown on maps. Procedures for collecting, processing, and rearing specimens are described. Keys using morphological characters are included for the eggs, 4th-instar larvae, pupae, adult females, and male genitalia. Also, a biochemical key for the 5 species is included. Color and pattern variations of larvae and pupae are discussed. JF - J. AM. MOSQ. CONTROL ASSOC. AU - Reinert, J F AU - Kaiser, P E AU - Seawright, JA AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol. (CMAVE), USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1600/1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1 EP - 102 VL - 13 IS - suppl. SN - 1756-971X, 1756-971X KW - Diptera KW - sibling species KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05122:Diptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+AM.+MOSQ.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+Anopheles+%28Anopheles%29+quadrimaculatus+complex+of+sibling+species+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+using+morphological%2C+cytological%2C+molecular%2C+genetic%2C+biochemical%2C+and+ecological+techniques+in+an+integrated+approach&rft.au=Reinert%2C+J+F%3BKaiser%2C+P+E%3BSeawright%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=suppl.&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+AM.+MOSQ.+CONTROL+ASSOC.&rft.issn=1756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a green-fluorescent protein-based, insertion-inactivation shuttle vector for lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli AN - 16288767; 4289356 AB - A shuttle vector, p5aGFP2201a, for lactic acid bacteria and E. coli was constructed by using the gene of a jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a selection marker. The plasmid was shown to function as a shuttle vector by its ability to carry and express a staphylococcal chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene into targeted hosts. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Somkuti, G A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1179 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - cloning vectors KW - green fluorescent protein KW - lactic acid bacteria KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W2 32075:Cloning vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16288767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+green-fluorescent+protein-based%2C+insertion-inactivation+shuttle+vector+for+lactic+acid+bacteria+and+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic durum wheat by microprojectile bombardment of isolated scutella AN - 16283162; 4282970 AB - A biolistic transformation method was developed, for the first time, for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28; AABB) cultivar Medora using isolated scutella as target cells, gus as a reporter gene, and bar (herbicide resistance gene) as a selectable marker. An average of 116 GUS foci per scutellum were observed 2 days after bombardment. After selection for herbicide resistance by adding 5 mg/l L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT) to the medium during regeneration and spot application of 120 mg/l L-PPT on the leaves of regenerated plants, we identified five resistant plants from a total of 245 scutella bombarded. All these plants were fertile. Of the 1048 T sub(1) seeds germinated from five lines (dwt1, dwt2, dwt3, dwt4, and dwt5), a total of 104 T sub(1) plants were recovered that showed resistance to the herbicide glufosinate when sprayed at a concentration of 120 mg/l L-PPT. Some of the herbicide-resistant T sub(1) plants exhibited phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme activity, indicating the presence of the bar gene in the transgenics. The integration of gus and bar genes into the genomes of durum wheat was further confirmed by Southern analysis. Development of this transformation procedure with an agronomically superior durum cultivar will open up new avenues for the enhancement of the existing germplasm through biotechnology. JF - Journal of Heredity AU - Bommineni, V R AU - Jauhar, P P AU - Peterson, T S AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Sci. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - L-phosphinothricin KW - bar gene KW - breeding KW - germination KW - gus gene KW - microparticle bombardment KW - phosphinothricin acetyltransferase KW - reporter gene KW - scutella KW - transgenic plants KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=Transgenic+durum+wheat+by+microprojectile+bombardment+of+isolated+scutella&rft.au=Bommineni%2C+V+R%3BJauhar%2C+P+P%3BPeterson%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Bommineni&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.issn=00221503&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The economic burden of Campylobacter-associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome AN - 16281694; 4296495 AB - Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by acute neuromuscular paralysis. Of an estimated annual number of 2628-9575 US cases, 526-3830 are triggered by Campylobacter infection. Research objectives were to identify the lifetime consequences of GBS and, when possible, to quantify their economic burden. The cost-of-illness method was used to calculate annual societal resources spent on medical care and lost productivity due to illness or premature death from Campylobacter-associated GBS. Estimated total costs (in US$) of Campylobacter-associated GBS ($0.2-$1.8 billion) were added to previously estimated costs of campylobacteriosis ($1.3-$6.2 billion) for a total annual cost from Campylobacter of $1.5-$8.0 billion (1995 dollars). It is concluded that up to $8.0 billion in US human illness costs are spent annually because of Campylobacter infection. Economic evaluation of the other costs associated with GBS, such as physical and psychological costs, would increase these estimates. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Buzby, J C AU - Allos, B M AU - Roberts, T AD - Economic Res. Serv. (USDA-ERS), 1800 M St., Rm. 3067, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - S192 EP - S197 VL - 176 IS - suppl. 2 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Guillain-Barre syndrome KW - man KW - nervous system diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16281694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+economic+burden+of+Campylobacter-associated+Guillain-Barre+Syndrome&rft.au=Buzby%2C+J+C%3BAllos%2C+B+M%3BRoberts%2C+T&rft.aulast=Buzby&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=suppl.+2&rft.spage=S192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation on the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) by five species of Philonthus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) AN - 16278491; 4288563 AB - The feeding rates of adults and larvae of 5 Philonthus species were compared in the laboratory by measuring their consumption of eggs and larvae of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). When confined in petri dishes with abundant prey, adults and larvae of Philonthus longicornis Stephens had a higher predation rate than did those of P. ventralis (Gravenhorst), which in turn had a higher rate than did those of P. flavolimbatus Erichson. When given a choice, adults and larvae of P. longicornis devoured more prey eggs than prey larvae, but P. ventralis devoured more larvae than eggs; adult P. flavolimbatus, P. sericans (Gravenhorst) and P. hepaticus Erichson devoured roughly equal numbers of prey eggs and larvae. The survival of 100 horn flies from egg to the adult stage was compared in the laboratory using a substrate of cattle dung on soil in the presence of 1 adult Philonthus. Emergence of adult horn flies was reduced by 80.4, 54.8, 40.6, and 32.9% per beetle by P. longicornis, P. ventralis P. flavolimbatus, and P. hepaticus, respectively. Predation by P. longicornis increased as prey density increased. The relationship was similar to the type II functional response. The 5 species of Philonthus are frequent inhabitants of cattle dung in northern Florida, and their adults presumably contribute to mortality of horn fly eggs and larvae in the field. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hu, G Y AU - Frank, J H AD - Cent. for Med., Agric., and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1240 EP - 1246 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Diptera KW - predation KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Predation+on+the+horn+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+by+five+species+of+Philonthus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Staphylinidae%29&rft.au=Hu%2C+G+Y%3BFrank%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemicals attractive to Mexican fruit fly from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii cultures sampled by solid-phase microextraction AN - 16278176; 4290429 AB - Headspace above tryptic soy broth culture filtrates of Klebsiella pneumoniae contained greater amounts of ammonia, methylamine, 3-methylbutanamine, 1-pyrroline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine, and two pyrazines than were found above tryptic soy broth. It also contained chemicals not found above tryptic soy broth, including dimethyldisulfide and several alcohols and ketones. Headspace above tryptic soy broth culture filtrates of Citrobacter freundii contained greater amounts of ammonia, 1-pyrroline, and several pyrazines than were found above tryptic soy broth. It also contained chemicals not found above tryptic soy broth including dimethyldisulfide, some of the same alcohols as above K. pneumoniae filtrates, a different ketone, and phenol. Additional chemicals were detected above filtrates that were saturated with sodium chloride or had their pH adjusted up or down. In laboratory bioassays with protein-starved, sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies, chemicals that did not contain protonizable nitrogen were not attractive. All chemicals containing protonizable nitrogen, except 2-methylpyrazine, were attractive. Synthetic mixtures of ammonia, trimethylamine, 1-pyrroline, 3-methylbutanamine, pyrazine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and trimethylpyrazine in concentrations similar to those in filtrates of the two bacteria were 73-87% as attractive as bacterial filtrates. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Bartelt, R J AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 2897 EP - 2915 VL - 23 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 3-methylbutanamine KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - ammonia KW - attractants KW - chemoreception KW - methylamine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18008:Pheromones & other infochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Chemicals+attractive+to+Mexican+fruit+fly+from+Klebsiella+pneumoniae+and+Citrobacter+freundii+cultures+sampled+by+solid-phase+microextraction&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BBartelt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small-scale spatial and temporal variability of N sub(2)O flux from a shrub-steppe ecosystem AN - 16275428; 4262008 AB - Nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) is a trace greenhouse gas that catalyses ozone destruction. It is also the major gaseous loss of N from the N-limited shrub-steppe ecosystem. We examined the spatial and temporal flux of N sub(2)O from small plots in an undisturbed shrub-steppe ecosystem having spatially heterogeneous plant cover. The N sub(2)O flux from the soil surface and NH sub(4) super(+)-N and NO sub(3) super(-)-N concentrations were measured periodically over 1 y from 44 points in 2.4 m super(2) plots centered on individual Artemisia tridentata shrubs. Positive N sub(2)O flux occurred from March to October, with no detectable flux during the winter months. The spatial (plot) variability of N sub(2)O flux ranged from 23 to 130%, with lower variability as soil moisture increased. Temporal variability (March to October) was 171%, but decreased to 77% when calculated without the August sampling date. The measured N sub(2)O flux correlated positively with microbial activity (CO sub(2) production), with moisture when the soil was fairly wet and usually with NO sub(3) super(-)N concentrations. After a precipitation event on to dry soil, there was a pulse of N mineralization and N sub(2)O flux, which strongly correlated with proximity to vegetation. The estimated N sub(2)O flux occurring within 48 h after warm season precipitation events accounted for 20% of the total annual N sub(2)O flux from this ecosystem. Thus, small-scale spatial and short-term temporal variations can significantly affect annual estimates of ecosystem N sub(2)O flux and, thus, gaseous N loss from semi-arid ecosystems. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Mummey, D L AU - Smith, J L AU - Bolton, H Jr AD - USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA, jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1699 EP - 1706 VL - 29 IS - 11-12 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Artemisia tridentata KW - Big sagebush KW - nitrous oxide KW - spatial variations KW - temporal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - D 04130:Arid zones KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16275428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Small-scale+spatial+and+temporal+variability+of+N+sub%282%29O+flux+from+a+shrub-steppe+ecosystem&rft.au=Mummey%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+L%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Mummey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) in agro-ecosystems on soil carbon storage AN - 16267005; 4270977 AB - Increasing global atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration has led to concerns regarding its potential effects on the terrestrial environment. Attempts to balance the atmospheric carbon (C) budget have met with a large shortfall in C accounting ( approximately 1.4 x 10 super(15) g C y super(-1)) and this has led to the hypothesis that C is being stored in the soil of terrestrial ecosystems. This study examined the effects of CO sub(2) enrichment on soil C storage in C3 soybean (Glycine max L.) Merr. and C4 grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench. agro-ecosystems established on a Blanton loamy sand (loamy siliceous, thermic, Grossarenic Paleudults). The study was a split-plot design replicated three times with two crop species (soybean and grain sorghum) as the main plots and two CO sub(2) concentration (ambient and twice ambient) as subplots using open top field chambers. Carbon isotopic techniques using delta super(13)C were used to track the input of new C into the soil system. At the end of two years, shifts in delta super(13)C content of soil organic matter carbon were observed to a depth of 30 cm. Calculated new C in soil organic matter with grain sorghum was greater for elevated CO sub(2) vs. ambient CO sub(2) (162 and 29 g m super(-2), respectively), but with soybean the new C in soil organic matter was less for elevated CO sub(2) vs. ambient CO sub(2) (120 and 291 g m super(-2), respectively). A significant increase in mineral associated organic C was observed in 1993 which may result in increased soil C storage over the long-term, however, little change in total soil organic C was observed under either plant species. These data indicate that elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) resulted in changes in soil C dynamics in agro-ecosystems that are crop species dependent. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Torbert, HA AU - Rogers, H H AU - Prior, SA AU - Schlesinger, W H AU - Runion, G B AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA, Torbert@brcsun0.tamu.edu Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 513 EP - 521 VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16267005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+in+agro-ecosystems+on+soil+carbon+storage&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H%3BRunion%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsite controls on tree seedling establishment in conifer forest canopy gaps AN - 16265550; 4268665 AB - Tree seedling establishment and growth were studied in experimental canopy gaps to assess the effect of heterogeneity of regeneration microsites within and among gaps in mature conifer forests. Seedlings were studied for two years in closed-canopy areas and in recently created gaps ranging in size from 40 to 2000 m super(2) in four stands of mature (90-140 yr) and old-growth (>400 yr) Douglas-fir forest in the western Cascade Range of central Oregon and southern Washington, USA. We examined the relative importance of substrate type, shade from logs and shade cloth, density of understory vegetation, gap size, and forest age on the success of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Seedlings originating from seed sown on experimental microsites were compared with seedlings regenerating naturally on a range of microsites. Seedling establishment was greater on decayed wood than on forest floor or mineral soil in closed-canopy areas, particularly for Tsuga. Differences in establishment among substrates declined with increasing gap size, although establishment on the forest floor tended to be low in portions of large gaps exposed to direct solar radiation. In exposed areas, shade from woody debris and shade cloth facilitated establishment for all species, while shade from understory vegetation aided the establishment of Pseudotsuga but not that of Tsuga. Establishment in shaded portions of gaps declined with vegetation and shade-cloth cover. Seedling size increased with gap size, decreased with level of shade, and tended to be greatest on forest floor and lowest on decayed wood. Establishment and growth of the different species was related to differences in seed mass and tolerance of environmental extremes. Heterogeneity at the seedling scale (2 m) associated with gap size and within-gap position. Thus the gap partitioning hypothesis, which emphasizes gap size and within-gap position, may be too simple to account for the role of microsite heterogeneity and species' regeneration traits on the development of mature forests. JF - Ecology AU - Gray, AN AU - Spies, T A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 W. Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 2458 EP - 2473 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - USA KW - canopies KW - conifers KW - forests KW - gaps KW - microenvironments KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Microsite+controls+on+tree+seedling+establishment+in+conifer+forest+canopy+gaps&rft.au=Gray%2C+AN%3BSpies%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing irrigation/drainage/salinity management using spatially referenced salinity measurements AN - 16261651; 4230418 AB - A unique technology-package for measuring the spatial distributions of salinity in irrigated soils and fields and for evaluating the appropriateness of some related irrigation-, drainage- and salinity control-management practices is described. This assessment technology is based on the use of: (1) geophysical-instrumental systems for intensively measuring bulk soil electrical conductivity and associated spatial coordinates; (2) statistical algorithms for site selection and salinity calibration; and (3) algorithms for data analysis and graphical display to facilitate interpretation. Results are presented to demonstrate some of the utility of the technology. Additionally, examples are given which show that much of the apparent chaos observed in the spatial pattern of soil salinity in irrigated fields is man-induced and related to such management practices as irrigation, drainage, and tillage. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Lesch, S M AU - LeMert, R D AU - Alves, W J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/12/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 01 SP - 147 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 35 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16261651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Assessing+irrigation%2Fdrainage%2Fsalinity+management+using+spatially+referenced+salinity+measurements&rft.au=Rhoades%2C+J+D%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BLeMert%2C+R+D%3BAlves%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Rhoades&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of air permeability to estimate infiltrability of frozen soil AN - 16260657; 4254109 AB - Infiltration rates in frozen soil may be extremely low due to pore blockage by ice, leading to accelerated runoff and erosion. It is difficult to test models of ice blockage effects during infiltration of water because both infiltrating water and resident ice undergo phase changes. We used air permeability, which can be measured without phase changes, to test the applicability of currently used soil hydraulic models to the simulation of ice blockage effects. We confirmed that Darcy's equation described air flow for both dry and moist soil conditions. It was then shown that a combination of the van Genuchten soil-water retention equation (M.Th. van Genuchten, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44 (1980) 892) and Mualem's (Y. Mualem, Water Resour. Res., 12 (1976) 513) hydraulic conductivity model, modified to account for the presence of trapped air, described the air permeability of unfrozen soils over a range of soil-water contents. However, when this model was extended to frozen soils, the measured reduction in air permeability in frozen soil was much greater than the model predicted. It appears that hydraulic models can be used to describe the conductivity of the air-filled porosity but that processes other than expansion of water when frozen, possibly internal redistribution of water, affect the conductivity of the air-filled porosity. Until freezing processes are better understood, calculations of infiltration based on soil water content alone are subject to large errors. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Seyfried AU - Murdock, MD AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Regional Watershed Cent., 800 Park Blvd., Boise, ID 83712, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 95 EP - 107 VL - 202 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Use+of+air+permeability+to+estimate+infiltrability+of+frozen+soil&rft.au=Seyfried%3BMurdock%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Seyfried&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grain sorghum growth, water use, and yield in contrasting soils AN - 16254880; 4230411 AB - Soil characteristics and the climate in which they occur help control crop growth and yield. We conducted a study to determine the influence of contrasting soils on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) growth, water use, and yield. In 1992 and 1993, grain sorghum (`DK-46') was grown in 0.75-m rows with 16 plants m-2 at Bushland, TX in lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of silty clay loam, silt loam, and fine sandy loam. The 1992 irrigation treatments were well-watered (WW) and no applied early season irrigation to achieve a pre-anthesis water stress. The 1993 irrigation treatments were WW with limited irrigation during late vegetative and reproductive growth stages to achieve a post-anthesis water stress. The crop in the silt loam soil produced lower grain yield in 1993 under high soil water conditions, but greater grain yield, total biomass, and seed number under reduced irrigation compared with the crop on the clay loam. The crop in the sandy loam consistently produced the lowest leaf areas and yield components in all irrigation treatments, possibly due to high soil bulk densities which may have restricted rooting. The 1993 crop in the silt loam had the highest water use in all treatments, and extracted water uniformly throughout the profile in both years. High strength silty clay and clay horizons and possibly a calcic horizon in the silty clay loam may have delayed or limited rooting, and affected crop growth and yield. The crop in the sandy loam consistently produced the lowest yield components in all irrigation treatments, possibly due to restricted rooting resulting from high bulk densities and also low water holding capacity. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Tolk, JA AU - Howell, T A AU - Steiner, J L AU - Evett AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/12/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 01 SP - 29 EP - 42 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 35 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Texas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Grain+sorghum+growth%2C+water+use%2C+and+yield+in+contrasting+soils&rft.au=Tolk%2C+JA%3BHowell%2C+T+A%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Tolk&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Karnal bunt of wheat AN - 16254246; 4240014 AB - Karnal bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by the smut fungus Tilletia indica Mitra (=Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur), was first discovered in 1930 at the Botanical Research Station, Karnal, Haryana, in northwest India, and now is considered common in the Punjab region of India. On 8 March 1996, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Arizona Department of Agriculture announced the discovery of Karnal bunt in Arizona. The main effect of extensive Karnal bunt is to reduce yield and impart a fishy odor and taste to wheat flour, thus reducing the quality of the flour. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bonde, M R AU - Peterson, G L AU - Schaad, N W AU - Smilanick, J L AD - USDA ARS FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave., Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5023, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1370 EP - 1377 VL - 81 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Arizona KW - bunt KW - flour KW - karnal bunt KW - odor KW - reviews KW - taste KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Karnal+bunt+of+wheat&rft.au=Bonde%2C+M+R%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BSchaad%2C+N+W%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bonde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A highly adherent phenotype associated with virulent Bvg super(+)-phase swine isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica grown under modulating conditions AN - 16252061; 4233842 AB - The ability of Bvg super(-)-phase and Bvg super(+)-phase Bordetella bronchiseptica swine isolates, grown under modulating or nonmodulating conditions, to adhere to swine ciliated nasal epithelial cells was determined. When virulent strains were cultivated at 37 degree C in the Bvg super(+) phase, numerous adherent bacteria (approximately eight per cell, depending on the strain used) were observed. However, when such strains were grown under modulating conditions (23 degree C), a significant increase in the level of attachment was seen, suggesting that B. bronchiseptica produces a Bvg-repressed adhesin under these conditions. bvg mutant strains, including an isogenic bvgS mutant, adhered minimally. Western blots indicated that two putative B. bronchiseptica adhesins, filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin, were not detectable in cultures displaying the highly adherent phenotype. Several proteins apparent in Western blots obtained by using bacterial extracts enriched in outer membrane proteins derived from B. bronchiseptica grown at 23 degree C were not present in similar extracts prepared from an isogenic bvgS mutant grown at 23 degree C or from the parent strain grown at 37 degree C. Adherence of bacteria cultivated at 23 degree C was almost completely abolished by pretreatment of organisms at 60 degree C; adherence was reduced by 57% when bacteria were pretreated with pronase E. Temperature shift experiments revealed that the heightened level of adhesion that occurs following growth at 23 degree C was maintained for up to 18 h when bacteria were subsequently incubated at 37 degree C. We propose that a Bvg-repressed adhesin, expressed only by modulated bvg super(+) strains of B. bronchiseptica, may play a key role in the initial colonization of naturally infected swine. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Register, K B AU - Ackermann, M R AD - Swine Respiratory Diseases Project, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Road, USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 5295 EP - 5300 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - adherence KW - bvgA gene KW - bvgS gene KW - colonization KW - mutants KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=A+highly+adherent+phenotype+associated+with+virulent+Bvg+super%28%2B%29-phase+swine+isolates+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+grown+under+modulating+conditions&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desertification and animal biodiversity in the desert grasslands of North America AN - 16216880; 4280219 AB - Studies of breeding birds and small mammals were conducted at a series of sites that form a gradient of severity of desertification. Desert grassland sites represented the least changed landscape units and mesquite coppice dunes represented the most severe degradation, an irreversibly degraded landscape unit. The hypothesis that desertification reduces species diversity was not supported by the data. Species richness and diversities (Shannon-Weaver H') of breeding birds were higher in the desertified areas than in the grassland with one exception. Data from a site dominated by the exotic African grass, Eragrostis lehmanniana, in south-eastern Arizona showed that breeding bird diversity was lower at that site than at a site in the same region that was dominated by native grasses. Species richness, diversity (H'), and abundance of small mammals were also higher in desertified areas than in desert grassland. Most grassland species of birds and mammals persist in the desertified habitats and species that are characteristic of shrublands colonize desertified desert grasslands. This accounts for the increases in species richness. However some species such as the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis, are eliminated when grassland degrades to mesquite coppice dune or eroded creosotebush communities. these data suggest that other measures of faunal biodiversity such as keystone species may be better measures of the impact of desertification on animal biodiversity. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exptl. Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 709 EP - 720 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Birds KW - Mammals KW - USA, Southwest KW - desertification KW - grasslands KW - species composition KW - species diversity KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16216880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Desertification+and+animal+biodiversity+in+the+desert+grasslands+of+North+America&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topology of NAT2, a prototypical example of a new family of amino acid transporters. AN - 79432504; 9374550 AB - Amino acids are the predominant form of nitrogen available to the heterotrophic tissues of plants. These essential organic nutrients are transported across the plasma membrane of plant cells by proton-amino acid symporters. Our lab has cloned an amino acid transporter from Arabidopsis, NAT2/AAP1, that represents the first example of a new class of membrane transporters. We are investigating the structure and function of this porter because it is a member of a large gene family in plants and because its wide expression pattern suggests it plays a central role in resource allocation. In the results reported here, we investigated the topology of NAT2 by engineering a c-myc epitope on either the N or C terminus of the protein. We then used in vitro translation, partial digestion with proteinase K, and immunoprecipitation to identify a group of oriented peptide fragments. We modeled the topology of NAT2 based on the lengths of the peptide fragments that allowed us to estimate the location of protease accessible cleavage sites. We independently identified the location of the N and C termini using immunofluorescence microscopy of NAT2 expressed in COS-1 cells. We also investigated the glycosylation status of several sites of potential N-linked glycosylation. Based on the combined data, we propose a novel 11 transmembrane domain model with the N terminus in the cytoplasm and C terminus facing outside the cell. This model of protein topology anchors our complementary investigations of porter structure and function using site-directed and random mutagenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Chang, H C AU - Bush, D R AD - Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. dbush@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1997/11/28/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 28 SP - 30552 EP - 30557 VL - 272 IS - 48 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Amino Acid Transport Systems KW - 0 KW - Amino Acids KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Plant Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - COS Cells KW - Transfection KW - Cytoplasm -- ultrastructure KW - Cell Membrane -- ultrastructure KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Glycosylation KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc -- chemistry KW - Cell-Free System KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- ultrastructure KW - Arabidopsis -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- ultrastructure KW - Membrane Transport Proteins -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79432504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Topology+of+NAT2%2C+a+prototypical+example+of+a+new+family+of+amino+acid+transporters.&rft.au=Chang%2C+H+C%3BBush%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-11-28&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=30552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatty acid profiles of highly-erodible lands in the Southern High Plains AN - 1492585594; 2014-004707 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Gill, Thomas E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/11/18/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 18 SP - 226 EP - 227 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 78 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - North America KW - fatty acids KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - Texas KW - biomarkers KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - transport KW - tracers KW - carboxylic acids KW - Great Plains KW - Southern Great Plains KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1492585594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Fatty+acid+profiles+of+highly-erodible+lands+in+the+Southern+High+Plains&rft.au=Gill%2C+Thomas+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-11-18&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292324-9250 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1997 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomarkers; carboxylic acids; erosion; fatty acids; Great Plains; North America; organic acids; organic compounds; sediment transport; soils; solute transport; Southern Great Plains; Texas; tracers; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed iron-deficient and replete diets to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge AN - 16380718; 4230434 AB - Juvenile channel catfish were fed egg-white-based diets with or without 20 mg supplemental iron/kg from iron methionine for 13 weeks. Subsequently, fish from each treatment were divided into two groups and fed either the iron-deficient or replete diets for another 4 weeks. Growth response, hematological values, serum iron level, nonspecific immune response and mortality after Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge were determined. At the end of week 13, fish fed the iron-deficient diet had significantly lower weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, hematocrit, total cell count, and serum iron and transferrin saturation than those fed the replete diet. These values remained consistently low or decreased for the groups that continued to receive, or were switched to the iron-deficient diet, but were improved for those fed the replete diet. The differences, however, were not always significant. Chemotactic response of peritoneal macrophages to E. ictaluri exoantigen was suppressed for fish fed the iron-deficient diet, but the abnormality was reversed by feeding the iron-replete diet. However, the challenge study showed that dietary iron did not protect channel catfish against mortality from E. ictaluri, but the onset of mortality was earlier for fish fed the iron-deficient diet, probably due to the combined effect of iron deficiency and infection. JF - Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AU - Klesius, PH AD - USDA-ARS, Fish Diseases and Parasites Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831, USA Y1 - 1997/11/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 15 SP - 83 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 157 IS - 1-2 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - diets KW - fish culture KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Mortality KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Immunology KW - Freshwater KW - Aquaculture KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Food additives KW - Infectious diseases KW - Nutritional requirements KW - Feeding experiments KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Iron KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16380718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Responses+of+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29+fed+iron-deficient+and+replete+diets+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+challenge&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-11-15&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Mortality; Food additives; Infectious diseases; Immunology; Nutritional requirements; Feeding experiments; Nutrients (mineral); Iron; Aquaculture; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous isolates challenge of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, immune to Edwardsiella ictaluri AN - 16366036; 4230440 AB - It is generally believed that channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, immunized with one isolate of Edwardsiella ictaluri would be protected against different isolates of E. ictaluri. In this study six different isolates of E. ictaluri cultured from channel catfish having enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and one isolate from the walking catfish, Clarius batrachus, were evaluated for cross protection. Channel catfish immunized by live exposure with isolate EILO were significantly protected against ESC following challenge with E. ictaluri isolates EILO, ATCC-33202, S-94-1017, S-94-629 and AL-93-75, but not against isolate AL-93-58. Immunization with isolates AL-93-75, EILO, AL-93-58, S-94-1017 and S-94-629 induced protection against AL-93-75. Immunization with isolates ATCC-33202 and S-94-1051 did not induce protection against AL-93-75. Channel catfish immunized with two isolates EILO and AL-93-58 (together) were protected upon challenge with the isolates AL-93-75, EILO, AL-93-58 and S-94-1017. Challenge of EILO and AL-93-58 immunized fish with ATCC-33202 resulted in partial protection. These results show that differences exist between E. ictaluri isolates in their ability to induce protective immunity against ESC. Catfish immunized at 26 degree C and held at 18 degree C remain protected against heterologous challenge for four months. These findings are important to the development of efficacious ESC vaccines. JF - Aquaculture AU - Klesius, PH AU - Shoemaker, CA AD - Fish Diseases and Parasites Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36830-0952, USA Y1 - 1997/11/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 15 SP - 145 EP - 153 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 157 IS - 1-2 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - enteric septicemia KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Septicemia KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Clarius batrachus KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - fish culture KW - Immunology KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Freshwater KW - Vaccination KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Immunization KW - fish diseases KW - Fish diseases KW - Fish physiology KW - Vaccines KW - Fish culture KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16366036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Heterologous+isolates+challenge+of+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus%2C+immune+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri&rft.au=Klesius%2C+PH%3BShoemaker%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Klesius&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1997-11-15&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Septicemia; Fish diseases; Fish physiology; Immunology; Vaccines; Vaccination; Immunization; Aquaculture techniques; Fish culture; fish diseases; fish culture; aquaculture techniques; Clarius batrachus; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A total system approach to sustainable pest management. AN - 79399570; 9356432 AB - A fundamental shift to a total system approach for crop protection is urgently needed to resolve escalating economic and environmental consequences of combating agricultural pests. Pest management strategies have long been dominated by quests for "silver bullet" products to control pest outbreaks. However, managing undesired variables in ecosystems is similar to that for other systems, including the human body and social orders. Experience in these fields substantiates the fact that therapeutic interventions into any system are effective only for short term relief because these externalities are soon "neutralized" by countermoves within the system. Long term resolutions can be achieved only by restructuring and managing these systems in ways that maximize the array of "built-in" preventive strengths, with therapeutic tactics serving strictly as backups to these natural regulators. To date, we have failed to incorporate this basic principle into the mainstream of pest management science and continue to regress into a foot race with nature. In this report, we establish why a total system approach is essential as the guiding premise of pest management and provide arguments as to how earlier attempts for change and current mainstream initiatives generally fail to follow this principle. We then draw on emerging knowledge about multitrophic level interactions and other specific findings about management of ecosystems to propose a pivotal redirection of pest management strategies that would honor this principle and, thus, be sustainable. Finally, we discuss the potential immense benefits of such a central shift in pest management philosophy. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Lewis, W J AU - van Lenteren, J C AU - Phatak, S C AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. wjl@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1997/11/11/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 11 SP - 12243 EP - 12248 VL - 94 IS - 23 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Pest Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79399570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=A+total+system+approach+to+sustainable+pest+management.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+W+J%3Bvan+Lenteren%2C+J+C%3BPhatak%2C+S+C%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-11-11&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=12243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Annu Rev Entomol. 1962;7:367-86 [13924524] Sci Am. 1993 Jun;268(6):100-6 [8516669] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of compost addition and crop rotation point upon VAM fungi AN - 16382444; 4287291 AB - Populations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and mycorrhiza formation were examined in a field experiment studying the agricultural application of composted animal manures. The replicate experiment allowed each crop of a Zea mays > vegetable > small grain rotation to be sampled each of 3 years. Chicken litter/leaf compost and dairy cow manure/leaf compost enhanced spore populations of two VAM fungus species type groups (Glomus etunicatum type and the general Glomus spp. group, including G. mosseae) relative to those found in plots treated with raw dairy cow manure and conventional fertilizer. Populations of other groups were not affected by amendment, due likely to the large amount of P added in composts and manure relative to the conventional fertilizer applied. Crop rotation point had consistent, significant effects, with both lower populations of spores and less mycorrhizal infectivity of soil in plots after the vegetable crop (Spinacea oleraceae and/or Capsicum annuum) relative to maize and small grain (Avena sativa or Triticum aestivum). This was due to the non-mycorrhizal status and very low mycorrhization (approximately 1% root length colonized) of S. oleraceae and C. annuum, respectively. Future agricultural applications of compost and manure to provide N for crops need to consider the effects upon VAM fungi of other nutrients in these amendments. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Galvez, L AU - Franke-Snyder, M AU - Reider, C AU - Drinkwater, LE AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ddouds@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1997/11/03/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 03 SP - 257 EP - 266 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16382444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Effect+of+compost+addition+and+crop+rotation+point+upon+VAM+fungi&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BGalvez%2C+L%3BFranke-Snyder%2C+M%3BReider%2C+C%3BDrinkwater%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1997-11-03&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of the sulfhydryl redox state and disulfide bonds in processing and assembly of 11S seed globulins. AN - 79467680; 9401126 AB - Seed legumins contain two conserved disulfide bonds: an interchain bond (IE) connecting the acidic and basic chains and an intrachain bond (IA) internal to the acidic chain. Mutant subunits were constructed in which these disulfide bonds were disrupted. Oxidized glutathione stimulated the rate of assembly of trimers with unmodified prolegumin subunits. Stimulation was not detected during assembly of IE mutant subunits and was diminished for the IA mutant. Hexamer assembly with trimers of mature unmodified subunits required oxidizing conditions. Trimers composed of mature IE mutants did not form hexamers. Both mutant and non-mutant subunits accumulated in hexamers when the cDNAs were expressed in tobacco. Hexamer assembly in seeds probably involved trimers with a mixture of mutant and non-mutant subunits. Similarly, mixed trimers that were a mixture of mutant and non-mutant subunits assembled into hexamers in vitro. The results demonstrate the importance of disulfide bonds during the assembly of 11S globulins. JF - The Plant cell AU - Jung, R AU - Nam, Y W AU - Saalbach, I AU - Müntz, K AU - Nielsen, N C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, Indiana. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 2037 EP - 2050 VL - 9 IS - 11 SN - 1040-4651, 1040-4651 KW - Biopolymers KW - 0 KW - Disulfides KW - Globulins KW - Plant Proteins KW - legumin protein, plant KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Globulins -- genetics KW - Disulfides -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Globulins -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Glutathione -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Disulfides -- metabolism KW - Globulins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79467680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+cell&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+sulfhydryl+redox+state+and+disulfide+bonds+in+processing+and+assembly+of+11S+seed+globulins.&rft.au=Jung%2C+R%3BNam%2C+Y+W%3BSaalbach%2C+I%3BM%C3%BCntz%2C+K%3BNielsen%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+cell&rft.issn=10404651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2707-20 [3960730] Methods Enzymol. 1984;107:301-4 [6503715] Nature. 1988 Oct 13;335(6191):649-51 [3173483] Cell. 1989 Jan 27;56(2):149-60 [2643470] Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:1-23 [2688704] Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:277-307 [2688707] Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1990;63:69-172 [2407068] Biochemistry. 1991 Jan 22;30(3):613-9 [1988050] J Cell Biol. 1991 Aug;114(3):401-11 [1650370] Nature. 1992 Jan 2;355(6355):33-45 [1731198] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 15;89(2):658-62 [1731337] J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 25;267(6):3553-6 [1740407] Plant Cell. 1989 Mar;1(3):313-28 [2485233] Plant Cell. 1991 Jul;3(7):695-708 [1841724] Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Aug;19(8):331-6 [7940678] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1969 Nov 6;37(4):593-6 [5353890] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Biochemistry. 1970 Dec 8;9(25):5015-23 [4991411] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Eur J Biochem. 1979 May 15;96(2):321-9 [456377] J Biol Chem. 1979 Sep 25;254(18):8869-76 [113402] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4 [388439] J Biol Chem. 1982 Apr 25;257(8):4016-8 [6175636] J Cell Biol. 1982 May;93(2):306-13 [7096441] J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 25;257(20):12277-82 [6749857] FEBS Lett. 1984 Jan 30;166(2):314-20 [6198216] J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 10;259(21):13431-5 [6541653] Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:267-76 [3657573] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycotoxin-induced elevation of free sphingoid bases in precision-cut rat liver slices: specificity of the response and structure-activity relationships. AN - 79393976; 9356308 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the predominant member of a family of toxic metabolites produced by several species of Fusarium and is commonly found on corn. FB1 is a potent competitive inhibitor of ceramide synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of sphinganine and sphingosine to ceramide. The resultant accumulation of free sphingoid bases and the disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is believed to be the mechanism of toxicity of the fumonisins. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative potency of analogs of FB1 to inhibit ceramide synthase and to determine whether the inhibition is specific to mycotoxins with fumonisin-like structures. Fumonisins B1, B2, B3, B4, C4, and TA toxin (a structurally similar mycotoxin produced by the tomato pathogen, Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici) were approximately equipotent inhibitors. Hydrolyzed fumonisins B1, B2, and B3, which lack the tricarballylic side chains, were only 30-40% as potent as the parent toxins. N-acetylated FB1 (FA1) did not block ceramide synthase, suggesting that FA1 is nontoxic. Inhibition of ceramide synthase by fumonisin analogs did not appear to be related to the lipophilicity of the compounds, as determined by computer estimation of log P values. The ability of relatively high (10 and 100 microm) doses of other mycotoxins that bear no structural similarity to fumonisins, including aflatoxin B1, cyclopiazonic acid, beauvericin, T-2 toxin, sterigmatocystin, luteoskyrin, verrucarin A, scirpentriol, and zearalenone, to block ceramide synthase was also determined. All of the toxins tested were negative in the bioassay with the exception of fumonisins, indicating that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is a specific cytotoxic response. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Norred, W P AU - Plattner, R D AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Meredith, F I AU - Riley, R T AD - Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, ARS/USDA, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 63 EP - 70 VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B4 KW - 136379-60-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Amidohydrolases KW - EC 3.5.- KW - Ceramidases KW - EC 3.5.1.23 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Acetylation KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Alternaria KW - Sphingosine -- analysis KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- microbiology KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Male KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Amidohydrolases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79393976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Mycotoxin-induced+elevation+of+free+sphingoid+bases+in+precision-cut+rat+liver+slices%3A+specificity+of+the+response+and+structure-activity+relationships.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BDombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Encapsidation of potyviral RNA in various forms of transgene coat protein is not correlated with resistance in transgenic plants. AN - 79379278; 9353947 AB - Transgenic plants expressing either bean yellow mosaic potyvirus or chimeric potyvirus coat protein (CP) were inoculated with various potyviruses. Antigen-coated plate, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy of virus purified from transgenic plants showed that progeny virions contained from < 1% to as much as 25% transgenic CP. Different levels of transcapsidation may reflect the extent of compatibility between transgene CP and the viral CP. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Hammond, J AU - Dienelt, M M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jhammond@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 1023 EP - 1027 VL - 10 IS - 8 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Aphids KW - Animals KW - Tobacco -- virology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Insect Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - RNA, Viral -- metabolism KW - Potyvirus -- ultrastructure KW - Potyvirus -- growth & development KW - Potyvirus -- genetics KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Capsid -- metabolism KW - Plant Diseases -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79379278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Encapsidation+of+potyviral+RNA+in+various+forms+of+transgene+coat+protein+is+not+correlated+with+resistance+in+transgenic+plants.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J%3BDienelt%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of an enhancin gene in the Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus. AN - 79351058; 9343163 AB - A Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) gene has been identified that encodes a homolog to the granulovirus (GV) enhancin proteins that are capable of enhancing the infection of other baculoviruses. Enhancin genes have been identified and sequenced for three species of GVs but have not been found in any other nuclear polyhedrosis virus to date. The LdMNPV enhancin gene is located between 67.6 and 70.1 kbp on the viral genome. Northern and primer extension analyses of viral RNAs indicate that the enhancin gene transcripts are expressed at late times postinfection from a consensus baculovirus late promoter. The LdMNPV enhancin exhibits 29% amino acid identity to the enhancin proteins of the Trichoplusia ni, Pseudaletia unipuncta, and Helicoverpa armigera GVs. All four proteins contain a conserved zinc-binding domain characteristic of metalloproteases. A recombinant virus (enhancin::cat) was constructed in which the LdMNPV enhancin gene was inactivated by insertion mutagenesis in order to ascertain the effect of the enhancin protein on viral potency. The bioassay results indicate that disruption of the enhancin gene in the LdMNPV results in a reduction in viral potency. JF - Journal of virology AU - Bischoff, D S AU - Slavicek, J M AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 8133 EP - 8140 VL - 71 IS - 11 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Viral Proteins KW - Viral Structural Proteins KW - viral enhancing factor, Trichoplusia ni granulosa virus KW - 144813-23-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- genetics KW - Genes, Viral KW - Viral Structural Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79351058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+an+enhancin+gene+in+the+Lymantria+dispar+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus.&rft.au=Bischoff%2C+D+S%3BSlavicek%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bischoff&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=8133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF019970; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6977-82 [9192677] J Virol. 1997 Feb;71(2):1097-106 [8995630] J Invertebr Pathol. 1973 Jan;21(1):31-40 [4570378] J Gen Virol. 1995 Dec;76 ( Pt 12):2933-40 [8847497] J Invertebr Pathol. 1975 Jul;26(1):99-104 [1097539] J Virol. 1985 May;54(2):392-400 [3886931] J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2773-81 [3292791] Virology. 1988 Nov;167(1):242-50 [3055665] Gene. 1988 Nov 15;71(1):97-105 [3063616] FEBS Lett. 1989 Jan 2;242(2):211-4 [2914602] J Invertebr Pathol. 1989 Jul;54(1):49-56 [2661696] Annu Rev Entomol. 1990;35:127-55 [2154158] Biotechniques. 1989 Apr;7(4):331-2, 334 [2698197] J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 [2231712] FEBS Lett. 1991 Sep 2;289(1):4-7 [1894005] J Gen Virol. 1991 Nov;72 ( Pt 11):2645-51 [1940861] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Dec 11;19(23):6565-72 [1754394] J Bacteriol. 1992 Jun;174(12):4017-25 [1597417] FEBS Lett. 1992 Nov 9;312(2-3):110-4 [1426239] J Gen Virol. 1992 Dec;73 ( Pt 12):3177-83 [1469355] J Invertebr Pathol. 1993 Sep;62(2):147-64 [8228320] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Dec;57(4):823-37 [8302217] J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1728-36 [8107234] J Gen Virol. 1994 Apr;75 ( Pt 4):829-38 [8151299] Virology. 1994 Aug 1;202(2):586-605 [8030224] J Gen Virol. 1994 Aug;75 ( Pt 8):1961-7 [8046398] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] J Gen Virol. 1995 Nov;76 ( Pt 11):2693-705 [7595376] J Virol. 1996 Apr;70(4):2221-9 [8642646] J Gen Virol. 1996 Aug;77 ( Pt 8):1913-23 [8760443] J Invertebr Pathol. 1996 Sep;68(2):131-40 [8858909] J Invertebr Pathol. 1996 Nov;68(3):310-1 [8931367] Nature. 1975 Mar 27;254(5498):328-9 [1118011] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins AN - 762676453; 2010-091120 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Marks, Danny AU - Domingo, James AU - Susong, David AU - Garen, David AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 210 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 78 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - moisture KW - simulation KW - energy balance KW - spatial distribution KW - mountains KW - Western U.S. KW - mass balance KW - snow KW - drainage basins KW - water resources KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762676453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=A+spatially+distributed+energy+balance+snowmelt+model+for+application+in+mountain+basins&rft.au=Marks%2C+Danny%3BDomingo%2C+James%3BSusong%2C+David%3BGaren%2C+David%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1997 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage basins; energy balance; mass balance; meltwater; moisture; mountains; simulation; snow; spatial distribution; United States; water resources; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distributed dynamic modelling of interrill overland flow AN - 52397298; 2000-016912 JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Parsons, Anthony J AU - Wainwright, John AU - Abrahams, Athol D AU - Simanton, J Roger Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 1833 EP - 1859 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York, NY VL - 11 IS - 14 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - rills KW - prediction KW - vegetation KW - depth KW - models KW - topography KW - hydrographs KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Arizona KW - velocity KW - soil erosion KW - discharge KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52397298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Distributed+dynamic+modelling+of+interrill+overland+flow&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Anthony+J%3BWainwright%2C+John%3BAbrahams%2C+Athol+D%3BSimanton%2C+J+Roger&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/4125 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; depth; discharge; erosion; experimental studies; hydrographs; hydrology; infiltration; models; prediction; rills; runoff; sediment transport; soil erosion; soils; topography; United States; vegetation; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of new yeast lipases AN - 21258026; 11725432 AB - Previously, we used a simple, sensitive agar plate method to screen lipase activity from 1229 selected cultures, including 508 bacteria, 479 yeasts, 230 actinomycetes and 12 fungi, that covered many genera and species. About 25% of the cultures tested were lipase-positive. We also expanded our screening method to focus specifically on the pH dependence and thermostability of these lipase activities. In this report, we have characterized 25 yeast lipases, obtained from our screening program, on the basis of their positional specificity against triglycerides. Lipase was produced by growing cultures on nutrient medium in the presence of vegetable oil at 25°C for 4 d. Of the 25 new yeast lipases analyzed, 19 showed 1,3-positional specificity and 6 showed random specificity. No 2-positional specific lipases were found. Among those cultures with highest lipase activity are: Candida silvicola NRRL YB-2846 (random); Candida sp. 55 (random); Candida sp. 125 (random); Pichia americana NRRL Y-2156 (1,3-specific); P. muscicola NRRL Y-7005 (random); P. petersanii NRRL YB-3808 (1,3-specific); and Yarrowia lipolytica NRRL YB-423 (random). Characterization of Candida sp. strain 55 lipase on its substrate preference showed that this enzyme hydrolyzed soybean oil triglyceride species LLLn, LLL, LLO, and LLP more readily than LOO, LOP, OOO, LOS, and POO, where L=linoleic, Ln=linolenic, O=oleic, P=palmitic, and S=stearin. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 North University St., 61604 Peoria, IL, houct@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1391 EP - 1394 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 74 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Agar KW - Vegetables KW - Fungi KW - Candida KW - Pichia KW - Enzymes KW - Nutrients KW - Candida silvicola KW - Yarrowia lipolytica KW - Soybeans KW - Oil KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Substrate preferences KW - Triglycerides KW - Thermal stability KW - pH effects KW - Actinomycetes KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+new+yeast+lipases&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-997-0242-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agar; Vegetables; Fungi; Enzymes; Nutrients; Soybeans; Oil; Triacylglycerol lipase; Substrate preferences; Triglycerides; Thermal stability; pH effects; Actinomycetes; Pichia; Candida; Candida silvicola; Yarrowia lipolytica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0242-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of Aluminum to Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Roots of Scout 66 and Atlas 66 Cultivars of Wheat. AN - 1859380115; 12223862 AB - To further elucidate the mechanisms of differential genotypic tolerance to Al, plasma membrane (PM) vesicles were isolated from whole roots, root tips, and tipless roots of Al3+-sensitive and Al3+-tolerant cultivars (cv) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Scout 66 and cv Atlas 66, respectively). Vesicles from cv Scout root tips sorbed more Al than vesicles prepared from any other source. The intrinsic surface-charge density of vesicles isolated from cv Scout was 26% more negative than vesicles from cv Atlas (-37.2 versus -29.5 millicoulombs m-2). Growth experiments indicated that cv Scout is slightly more sensitive to La3+ than is cv Atlas, that the cultivars are equally sensitive to H+, and that cv Atlas is slightly more sensitive to SeO42-. The difference in sensitivity to Al3+ was very large; for a 50% inhibition, a 16-fold greater activity of Al3+ was required for cv Atlas. Using a newly developed Gouy-Chapman-Stern model for ion sorption to the PM together with growth-response curves, we estimate that the difference in surface-charge density can account for the slightly greater sensitivity of cv Scout to cationic toxicants and the slightly greater sensitivity of cv Atlas to anionic toxicants. According to our estimates the differences in PM surface negativity and Al sorptive capacity probably account for some of the difference in sensitivity to Al3+, but the greater part of the difference probably arises from other tolerance mechanisms expressed in cv Atlas root tips that reduce the amount of Al3+ that can reach the PM. JF - Plant physiology AU - Yermiyahu, U. AU - Brauer, D. K. AU - Kinraide, T. B. AD - Appalachian Soil and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beaver, West Virginia 25813-0400. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 1119 EP - 1125 VL - 115 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859380115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+Aluminum+to+Plasma+Membrane+Vesicles+Isolated+from+Roots+of+Scout+66+and+Atlas+66+Cultivars+of+Wheat.&rft.au=Yermiyahu%2C+U.%3BBrauer%2C+D.+K.%3BKinraide%2C+T.+B.&rft.aulast=Yermiyahu&rft.aufirst=U.&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows in Israel and Greece belong to the stolbur phytoplasma subgroup, 16SrXII-A AN - 16517846; 4287737 AB - Naturally diseased grapevines exhibiting symptoms of grapevine yellows disease were observed in Israel and Greece. Infection of the plants by phytoplasmas (formerly mycoplasmalike organisms, MLOs) was indicated by amplification of phytoplasma DNA in nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) primed by phytoplasma-universal and group-specific oligonucleotide pairs. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified 16S rDNA and putative restriction site analysis of the nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA from stolbur (STOL) phytoplasma indicated that the phytoplasmas in the diseased grapevines and STOL phytoplasma were affiliated with 16S rRNA group 16SrXII (stolbur phytoplasma group), subgroup A (formerly subgroup G in group 16SrI), a genetically distinct strain population unreported in North America. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Tanne, E AU - Rumbos, I C AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rdavis@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Greece KW - Israel KW - grapevine yellows KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16517846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Phytoplasmas+associated+with+grapevine+yellows+in+Israel+and+Greece+belong+to+the+stolbur+phytoplasma+subgroup%2C+16SrXII-A&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BTanne%2C+E%3BRumbos%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, injury, and survival potential of Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in brine chiller conditions AN - 16480420; 4328191 AB - A model brine system was used to evaluate growth, injury, and survival potential of Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Each strain was incubated for up to 30 days at -12 to 28 degree C in brain heart infusion broth containing 0.5 to 20% NaCl. Samples were enumerated on a dual agar plating system to assess growth and injury. Y. enterocolitica grew at -2 degree C in 0.5% brine and at 5 degree C in 5% NaCl. L. monocytogenes grew at 5 degree C in 5% NaCl and at 12 degree C in 9% NaCl. S. aureus grew at 12 degree C in 5% NaCl. Significant injury was observed for two of the pathogens, but not for L. monocytogens. Bacteriostatic or lethal conditions were maintained for the three organisms at -2 degree C and 9% NaCl. While lethal NaCl and temperature combinations were defined for Y. enterocolitica and S. aureus, L. monocytogenes survived for 30 days at -12 degree C in 20% NaCl. This study provides safety criteria and recommendations for use in the operation of recycle brine systems for cooling processed foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Miller, A J AU - Call, JE AU - Eblen, B S AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1334 EP - 1340 VL - 60 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - brines KW - growth KW - media KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+injury%2C+and+survival+potential+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+brine+chiller+conditions&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J%3BCall%2C+JE%3BEblen%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure, genetic diversity, and clone formation in Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) AN - 16417667; 4325611 AB - Stands of canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis, Fagaceae) are maintained for fuelwood, fire management, recreation, and as habitat for wildlife. Information about the link between the oak's reproductive ecology and its extent of genetic diversity is important in developing land management policies that will maintain the long-term viability of populations. Basal sprouting is the primary means of reproduction following fire or cutting, and stands frequently include groups of visibly connected trees in a clustered distribution that suggests cloning. We determined the extent to which clusters of trees were clonal and defined the spatial pattern and diversity of genotypes for six populations across nearly the entire east-west extent of the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California. We mapped over 100 trees at each of five sites and genotyped each tree for allozymes at seven polymorphic loci. We identified clones using these multilocus genotypes and detected an average of 34.4 plus or minus 7.3 (SD) clones per site, most of which had unique genotypes. In general, clustered trees belong to single clones and most clones consist of few trees (mean = 3.4 plus or minus 0.6 trees per clone). However, clone size increased significantly with increased individual heterozygosity, suggesting that selection may favor highly heterozygous clones. Clonal diversity and evenness were high relative to reports for most other clonal species; an average of 97% of clones had distinct genotypes, and Simpson's index of diversity averaged 0.95 plus or minus 0.02. Population genetic analyses of 319 clones from six sites revealed high genetic diversity within sites (mean H sub(s) = 0.443). Only a small proportion of the total genetic diversity was explained by variation among sites (mean G sub(ST) = 0.018), which is consistent with high gene flow among sites (N sub(m) = 9.5). We found no significant substructure among plots within sites, and fixation indices within sites were generally small, suggesting that either little inbreeding occurs, and/or few inbred progeny survive. However, spatial autocorrelation analysis of clones indicated fine-scale genetic structure at distances under 4 m, possibly due to limited seed dispersal. Our data suggest that guidelines for seed collection of canyon live oak for use in restoration can be specified in a manner similar to that recommended for conifer species within the region studied. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Montalvo, A M AU - Conard, S G AU - Conkle, M T AU - Hodgskiss, P D AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1553 EP - 1564 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Canyon live oak KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16417667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Population+structure%2C+genetic+diversity%2C+and+clone+formation+in+Quercus+chrysolepis+%28Fagaceae%29&rft.au=Montalvo%2C+A+M%3BConard%2C+S+G%3BConkle%2C+M+T%3BHodgskiss%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Montalvo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ability of 2-deoxyglucose to promote the lysis of Streptococcus bovis JB1 via a mechanism involving cell wall stability AN - 16376413; 4270407 AB - The non-metabolizable glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), decreased the growth rate and optical density of Streptococcus bovis JB1 20%, but it had an even greater effect on stationary phase cultures. Control cultures receiving only glucose (2 mg/ml) lysed very slowly (85% decline in optical density in 48 h). Cultures that were treated with inhibitors that decreased intracellular ATP (sodium fluoride, nigericin, and valinomycin or tetrachlorosalicylanilide) or membrane potential (sodium fluoride, nigericin, and valinomycin, tetrachlorosalicylanilide, or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) did not promote lysis. 2-DG had its greatest effect when it was added at inoculation. If 2-DG was added at later times, less lysis was observed, and cells that were given 2-DG just prior to stationary phase were unaffected. Cells that were grown with glucose and 2-DG were more susceptible to cell wall-degrading enzymes (lysozyme and mutanolysin) than cells that had been grown only with glucose, but sublethal doses of penicillin during growth did not promote lysis after the cells had reached stationary phase. The idea that 2-DG might be affecting autolytic activity was supported by the observation that cultures washed and resuspended in fresh medium with or without 2-DG lysed at a slower rate than cultures that were not centrifuged or were resuspended in the culture supernatant. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Russell, J B AU - Wells, JE AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 299 EP - 304 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - 2-deoxyglucose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16376413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+ability+of+2-deoxyglucose+to+promote+the+lysis+of+Streptococcus+bovis+JB1+via+a+mechanism+involving+cell+wall+stability&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BWells%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated channel ordering and node indexing for Raster channel networks AN - 16341490; 4301169 AB - A numerical algorithm is proposed for automated interpretation of channel networks from raster images, indexing of network nodes, and ordering of channels by the Strahler method. Channel ordering and node indexing is fundamental to the automation of flow-routing management in distributed hydrologic models and morphometric evaluation of channel-network structure. The node index numbers can also serve to link network nodes to corresponding tabulated attributes of network channels. The proposed algorithm uses a two-step approach: first, the raster image of the network is interpreted and a channel attribute table is created; second, the network nodes are indexed based only on the network connectivity information contained in the channel attribute table. The use of attribute information in the second step eliminates a repeat of the time consuming cell-by-cell interpretations of the network raster image. In addition to the general case of nodes with two upstream inflows, the algorithm also handles complex nodes (nodes with more than two upstream inflows) which are rare under natural conditions, but more frequent in raster networks. The final product of the presented algorithm is a table of channel orders and node indices derived from raster images of channel networks. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Martz, L W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 961 EP - 966 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16341490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Automated+channel+ordering+and+node+indexing+for+Raster+channel+networks&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BMartz%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of habitat placement: A case study of the northern spotted owl in the Olympic Peninsula AN - 16339777; 4253790 AB - The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimization procedure that can be used with simulation methods to capture the strengths of both in analyzing habitat layouts. We present a static optimization model for spatially locating habitat, using the Northern Spotted Owl in the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State (USA) as a case study. Optimization model parameters, including adult survival, fecundity, and occupancy of sites, are generated with an extant simulation model, and both models are used together to evaluate an alternative plan for the recovery of this high-visibility species. This plan is generally supported by the analysis, but some gains are indicated to be possible from trading off some federally managed habitat for nonfederal habitat (though such a trade-off may not be realistically practical). JF - Ecological Applications AU - Hof, J AU - Raphael, M G AD - Rocky Mountain Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 240 West Prospect St., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1160 EP - 1169 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, Washington KW - conservation KW - habitat KW - models KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16339777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+habitat+placement%3A+A+case+study+of+the+northern+spotted+owl+in+the+Olympic+Peninsula&rft.au=Hof%2C+J%3BRaphael%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a bifunctional xylosidase/arabinosidase gene as a reporter gene for the gram-negative anaerobes Bacteroides and Porphyromonas, and Escherichia coli AN - 16332009; 4270404 AB - Members of the genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas are common inhabitants of the human intestinal and oral microflora, and certain species are capable of causing disease states in humans. Genetic studies of these organisms are important for determining factors involved in the development of such diseases. A reporter gene for transcriptional fusions may prove useful for studies of gene regulation in these organisms. Bacteroides ovatus is a normal inhabitant of the human intestinal tract and is one of the few Bacteroides species capable of degrading xylan, a major component of fiber in the diet. A gene encoding for a bifunctional xylosidase/arabinosidase (XA) enzyme was previously cloned in our laboratory from B. ovatus V975 as part of a xylan-inducible operon. The XA gene was isolated by polymerase chain reaction and subcloned into the E. coli plasmid pBluescript II KS+. The XA gene is under transcriptional regulation in E. coli by the lac promoter, and both activities can be induced with isopropylthio- beta -galactoside (IPTG). The XA gene was subcloned into E. coli/Bacteroides shuttle vectors and introduced by conjugation into different Bacteroides species and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The results of transcriptional fusions in Bacteroides species and E. coli were evaluated. The characteristics of the XA reporter system are the low background or total lack of arabinosidase and xylosidase activities in most Bacteroides species, P. gingivalis, and E. coli, and the ease of enzymatic assays. In addition, bacterial colonies can be screened directly on agar plates by fluorescence with methylumbelliferyl derivatives as substrates for either enzymatic activity. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 282 EP - 286 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - XA gene KW - alpha -Arabinofuranosidase KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - shuttle vectors KW - xylosidase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16332009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+bifunctional+xylosidase%2Farabinosidase+gene+as+a+reporter+gene+for+the+gram-negative+anaerobes+Bacteroides+and+Porphyromonas%2C+and+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of corn milling fibrous co-products into ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coli strains K011 and SL40 AN - 16331502; 4261684 AB - Corn hulls and corn germ meal were both evaluated as feedstocks for production of ethanol for biofuel. Currently, these fibrous co-products are combined with corn steep liquor and the fermentation bottoms (if available) and marketed as cattle feed. Samples were obtained from wet and dry corn mills. The corn hulls and germ meal were evaluated for starch and hemicellulose compositions. Starch contents were 12 to 32% w/w and hemicellulose (arabinoxylans) contents were 23 to 64% w/w. Corn fibrous samples were hydrolysed, using dilute sulphuric acid, into mixed sugar streams containing arabinose, glucose and xylose. Total sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate varied from 8.4 to 10.8% w/v. The hydrolysates were fermented to ethanol using recombinant E. coli strains K011 and SL40. Ethanol yields were 0.38 to 0.41 g ethanol produced/g total sugars consumed and fermentations were completed in 60 h or less. However, residual xylose was detected for each hydrolysate fermentation and was especially significant for fermentations using strain SL40. Strain K011 was a superior ethanologenic strain compared with strain SL40 in terms of both ethanol yield and maximum productivity. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Hespell, R B AU - Ingram, LO AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 619 EP - 625 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32357:Alcohols KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16331502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+corn+milling+fibrous+co-products+into+ethanol+by+recombinant+Escherichia+coli+strains+K011+and+SL40&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BIngram%2C+LO%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex PCR for the identification of Arcobacter and differentiation of Arcobacter butzleri from other arcobacters AN - 16329947; 4262222 AB - A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify Arcobacter isolates and to distinguish A. butzleri from other arcobacters is described. The test uses two primer sets. Set I targets a section of the 16S rRNA genes of Arcobacter spp. Set II amplifies a portion of the 23S rRNA genes unique to A. butzleri. Specificity of the primer sets was evaluated using ATCC reference strains of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, Bacteroides spp., Campylobacter spp., Helicobacter spp. and Wolinella succinogenes. Upon PCR amplification, all of the Arcobacter isolates yielded a 1223 bp product, whereas A. butzleri ATCC 49616 exhibited both a 1223 bp and a 686 bp product. No PCR product was observed for other closely related ATCC strains (n = 37). We next analyzed by multiplex PCR field strains of Arcobacter spp. (n = 108) which had been previously characterized to the species level by either DNA-DNA hybridization, dot blot hybridization, ribotyping or by serology. The 1223 bp multiplex PCR product identified all of the isolates as Arcobacter. The presence of both the 1223 and 686 bp amplicons identified 66 strains as A. butzleri. Speciation by multiplex PCR agreed with results obtained by the other methods. The multiplex PCR assay is specific, rapid and easy to interpret and, thus, will aid in elucidating the prevalence, epidemiology and zoonotic potential of Arcobacter. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Harmon, K M AU - Wesley, I V AD - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Room 1630, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA, iwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 215 EP - 227 VL - 58 IS - 2-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16329947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiplex+PCR+for+the+identification+of+Arcobacter+and+differentiation+of+Arcobacter+butzleri+from+other+arcobacters&rft.au=Harmon%2C+K+M%3BWesley%2C+I+V&rft.aulast=Harmon&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Twin-screw extrusion of 'Pesta'-encapsulated biocontrol agents AN - 16327330; 4261693 AB - 'Pesta' granules in which fungal propagules are encapsulated in a wheat gluten matrix were prepared in multi-pound quantities by twin-screw extrusion and fluid bed drying. Dough formulations for extrusion contained wheat flour and kaolin, or wheat flour, kaolin and rice flour, plus water and fungal inoculum. Conidial inoculum of Colletotrichum truncatum, a pathogen of the weed hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), survived laboratory scale dough preparation [100% retention of colony-forming units (c.f.u.)] better than dough preparation for twin-screw extrusion (8-10% c.f.u. retention). The loss in viability was linked to the lower water content of dough used in the twin-screw extruder. Fluid bed drying reduced viability further to 1%. Retention of viability after twin-screw extrusion and fluid bed drying at 35-50 degree C was 35% with Alternaria conjuncta/infectoria, a pathogen of swamp dodder (Cuscuta gronovii). Retention was 86-100% with atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus used as biocompetitors to reduce aflatoxin levels in peanuts. In the greenhouse, twin-screw-extruded granules containing C. truncatum (at about 5 x 10 super(4) c.f.u. g super(-1)) caused high levels of infection and mortality in hemp sesbania seedlings. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Daigle, D J AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Boyette, C D AU - Lovisa, M P AU - Williams, K S AU - Watson, M AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 671 EP - 676 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - encapsulation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Twin-screw+extrusion+of+%27Pesta%27-encapsulated+biocontrol+agents&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BLovisa%2C+M+P%3BWilliams%2C+K+S%3BWatson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines expressing glycoprotein genes of pseudorabies virus in the presence of maternal immunity AN - 16325912; 4262211 AB - Piglets which had received colostral antibody to pseudorabies virus (PRV) were divided into four groups and inoculated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein gD of PRV, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV, an inactivated PRV vaccine, or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, 3 weeks apart, beginning at approximately 2 weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. All three vaccines protected similarly when no maternal antibody was present. Although all three vaccines induced some active immunity in piglets with maternal antibody, piglets receiving the NYVAC/gB vaccine were the only ones protected similarly whether or not they had maternal antibodies to PRV. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Mengeling, W L AD - Virology Swine Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 2300 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, sbrockme@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 93 EP - 103 VL - 58 IS - 2-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - glycoprotein gB KW - glycoprotein gD KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16325912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Vaccination+with+recombinant+vaccinia+virus+vaccines+expressing+glycoprotein+genes+of+pseudorabies+virus+in+the+presence+of+maternal+immunity&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a 31-kilodalton iron-regulated periplasmic protein from Pasteurella haemolytica A1 AN - 16317852; 4255047 AB - A prominent iron-regulated periplasmic protein was purified from Pasteurella haemolytica grown in an iron-deficient chemically defined medium. The protein was purified by anion exchange chromatography and appeared as a single band by SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 32,000. A yield of five mg was obtained from 91 mg of protein extract. The iron-regulated protein existed as a monomer in the native state with an average molecular weight of 29,877 as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. The protein had a molecular weight of 30,880 as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry, hence the protein is referred to as the 31 kDa protein. Isoelectric focusing showed four bands with pIs of 7.15, 6.8, 6.6, and 5.9, The secondary structure of the protein was determined by circular dichroism and contained 16% alpha -helical structure. The N-terminal sequence, EPFKVVTTFTVIQDIAQNVAGDKAT, showed a 95% identity with the 31 kDa iron-binding protein from Haemophilus influenzae. Isolation and characterization of iron-regulated proteins are of particular interest because of their potential roles in iron assimilation and microbial virulence. JF - Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Frank, G H AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 253 EP - 269 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1082-6068, 1082-6068 KW - iron KW - iron-binding protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preparative+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+31-kilodalton+iron-regulated+periplasmic+protein+from+Pasteurella+haemolytica+A1&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BFrank%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preparative+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10826068&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence that Ceriporiopsis subvermispora degrades nonphenolic lignin structures by a one-electron-oxidation mechanism AN - 16309766; 4248272 AB - The white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora is able to degrade nonphenolic lignin structures but appears to lack lignin peroxidase (LiP), which is generally thought to be responsible for these reactions. It is well established that LiP-producing fungi such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium degrade nonphenolic lignin via one-electron oxidation of its aromatic moieties, but little is known about ligninolytic mechanisms in apparent nonproducers of LiP such as C. subvermispora. To address this question, C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium were grown on cellulose blocks and given two high-molecular-weight, polyethylene glycol-linked model compounds that represent the major nonphenolic arylglycerol- beta -aryl ether structure of lignin. The model compounds were designed so that their cleavage via one-electron oxidation would leave diagnostic fragments attached to the polyethylene glycol. One model compound was labeled with super(13)C at C sub( alpha ) of its propyl side chain and carried ring alkoxyl substituents that favor C sub( alpha )-C sub( beta ) cleavage after one-electron oxidation. The other model compound was labeled with super(13)C at C sub( beta ) of its propyl side chain and carried ring alkoxyl substituents that favor C sub( beta )-O-aryl cleavage after one-electron oxidation. To assess fungal degradation of the models, the high-molecular-weight metabolites derived from them were recovered from the cultures and analyzed by super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The results showed that both C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium degraded the models by routes indicative of one-electron oxidation. Therefore, the ligninolytic mechanisms of these two fungi are similar. C. subvermispora might use a cryptic LiP to catalyze these C sub( alpha )-C sub( beta ) and C sub( beta )-O-aryl cleavage reactions, but the data are also consistent with the involvement of some other one-electron oxidant. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Srebotnik, E AU - Jensen, KA Jr AU - Kawai, S AU - Hammel, KE AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., USDA Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 4435 EP - 4440 VL - 63 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cellulose KW - lignin degradation KW - oxidation KW - white rot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16309766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evidence+that+Ceriporiopsis+subvermispora+degrades+nonphenolic+lignin+structures+by+a+one-electron-oxidation+mechanism&rft.au=Srebotnik%2C+E%3BJensen%2C+KA+Jr%3BKawai%2C+S%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Srebotnik&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive detection of viable Listeria monocytogenes by reverse transcription-PCR AN - 16307504; 4248274 AB - Detection of pathogens in contaminated food products by PCR can result in false-positive data due to the amplification of DNA from nonviable cells. A new method based on reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) amplification of mRNA for the specific detection of viable Listeria monocytogenes was developed. The expression of three L. monocytogenes genes, iap, hly, and prfA, was examined to determine a suitable target for amplification of RT-PCR. Total RNA from L. monocytogenes was isolated, and following DNase treatment, the RNA was amplified by both RT-PCR and PCR with primers specific for the three genes. Amplicon detection was accomplished by Southern hybridization to digoxigenin-labeled gene probes. The levels of expression of these three genes differed markedly, and the results indicated that the iap gene would provide a good target for development of a specific method for detection of viable L. monocytogenes based on RT-PCR amplification. After a 1-h enrichment, the 371-bp iap-specific product was detected with a sensitivity of ca. 10 to 15 CFU/ml from pure culture. Detection of the 713-bp hly-specific amplicon was ca. 4,000 times less sensitive after 1 h, whereas detection of the 508-bp prfA product showed the lowest level of sensitivity, with detection not observed until after a 5-h enrichment period. The amplification of the iap mRNA was specific for L. monocytogenes. Overall, the assay could be completed in ca. 54 h. The use of RT-PCR amplification for the detection of viable L. monocytogenes was validated in artificially contaminated cooked ground beef. Following a 2-h enrichment incubation, the iap-specific amplification product could be detected in a cooked meat sample that was originally inoculated with ca. 3 CFU/g. These results support the usefulness of RT-PCR amplification of mRNA as a sensitive method for the specific detection of viable L. monocytogenes and indicate that this method may prove useful in the detection of this pathogen in ready-to-eat, refrigerated meat products. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Klein, P G AU - Juneja, V K AD - Microbial Food Safety Res. Unit, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 600 East Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 4441 EP - 4448 VL - 63 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - food contamination KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16307504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sensitive+detection+of+viable+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+reverse+transcription-PCR&rft.au=Klein%2C+P+G%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in grasslands in western Puerto Rico AN - 16295523; 4227116 AB - Changes in land use and agricultural practices in tropical soils are thought to make major contributions to the global soil source of nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and sink for atmospheric methane (CH sub(4)). The variety of measurements of these gas fluxes in tropical systems are, however, limited. From November 1992 until February 1995 we conducted weekly CH sub(4) and N sub(2)O flux measurements within three grassland locations in western Puerto Rico that had not been cultivated for at least 25 years. Sites were located in either Vertisol, Ultisol or Oxisol soils that are typical of soils in the tropics. Plots within each site included non-fertilized controls and plots where fertilizer was applied at recommended rates (300 kg N ha super(-1) y super(-1) quarterly) for forage production in the region. During the measurement period, CH sub(4) uptake rates averaged 5.8 mu g CH sub(4)-C m super(-2) hr super(-1) with no significant differences across sites. These uptake rates were generally 10-fold lower than those reported for tropical forests. Fertilizer addition had a small negative affect on CH sub(4) uptake in the Vertisol, tended to enhance CH sub(4) uptake in the Ultisol and significantly decreased CH sub(4) uptake in the Oxisol. Nitrous oxide fluxes averaged 16.9 mu g N m super(-2) hr super(-1) from unfertilized sites, with no significant differences across sites. These background emission rates were typically higher than those in temperate grasslands. In fertilized soils, N sub(2)O emissions averaged about 46 mu g N m super(-2) hr super(-1) in the Ultisol and Oxisol and 130 mu g N m super(-2) hr super(-1) from the Vertisol, about 0.8 and 3.3% of the N applied. Fluxes from fertilized sites were within the range of emission rates observed for fertilized temperate grasslands. JF - Chemosphere AU - Mosier, A R AU - Delgado, JA AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 2059 EP - 2082 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16295523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Methane+and+nitrous+oxide+fluxes+in+grasslands+in+western+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BDelgado%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2059&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phoretic mites and their hyperphoretic fungi associated with flying Ips typographus japonicus Niijima (Col., Scolytidae) in Japan AN - 16280451; 4291137 AB - Flying Ips typographus japonicus from Hokkaido (Japan) carried 12 species of phoretic mites, three of which were not previously recorded in Europe. The mite biologies were diverse, including specialists feeding on microorganisms, beetle eggs, and nematodes which were common under beetle elytra. Hyperphoretic on these mites were seven distinct species of fungal spores, plus an undetermined number identifiable only as conidia. The spores stuck anywhere on the mite bodies with no special carrying structures evident. Ophiostoma bicolor was the most common species, with the pathogenic Ceratocystis polonicum present in small numbers. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Moser, J C AU - Perry, T J AU - Furuta, K AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Pineville, LA, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 425 EP - 428 VL - 121 IS - 8 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Engraver beetles KW - Japan KW - Timber beetles KW - fungi KW - phoresy KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Phoretic+mites+and+their+hyperphoretic+fungi+associated+with+flying+Ips+typographus+japonicus+Niijima+%28Col.%2C+Scolytidae%29+in+Japan&rft.au=Moser%2C+J+C%3BPerry%2C+T+J%3BFuruta%2C+K&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of management strategies for the blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) and the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 16276117; 4290416 AB - A computer model (LYMESIM) was developed to simulate the effects of management technologies on populations of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner in eastern North America. Technologies considered in this study were area-wide acaricide, acaricide self-treatment of white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, vegetation reduction, and white-tailed deer density reduction. Computer simulations were run with normal weather patterns for coastal Connecticut and New York. Results showed that area-wide acaricide, vegetation reduction, or a combination of these technologies would be useful for short-term seasonal management of ticks and disease in small recreational or residential sites. Acaricide self-treatment of deer appears to be the most cost-effective technology for use in long-term management programs in large areas. Simulation results also suggested that deer density reduction should be considered as a management strategy component. Integrated management strategies are presented that could be used in pilot tests and operational tick and tick-borne disease programs. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Mount, G A AU - Gaile, D G AU - Daniels, E AD - Cent. for Med., Agric., and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 672 EP - 682 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Acari KW - Lyme disease KW - USA KW - disease transmission KW - models KW - pest control KW - prophylaxis KW - vectors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16276117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+management+strategies+for+the+blacklegged+tick+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+and+the+Lyme+disease+spirochete%2C+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Mount%2C+G+A%3BGaile%2C+D+G%3BDaniels%2C+E&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of spray adjuvants on exacerbation of citrus bacterial spot AN - 16253859; 4238968 AB - The effect of adjuvants on the spread of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citrumelo applied to nursery plots of citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock trees in simulated wind-blown rain was studied. Commercial adjuvants tested included a penetrant-surfactant, the penetrant or surfactant components of the penetrant-surfactant alone, an antitranspirant, a surfactant, or 1 of 3 formulations of a spreader-binder. Individual rows were treated with the adjuvants or water alone as a control. Bacterial dispersal gradients in all rows were similar and extended the entire 7 m of the nursery rows. Disease incidence, number of lesions per plant, and lesion diameters were determined at selected assay points in each row 28 days after the event. The penetrant-surfactant and its surfactant component significantly increased the total number of lesions per plant and mean lesion diameters compared to the water control. The disease gradient slopes associated with the penetrant-surfactant and its surfactant component were significantly flatter and more extensive than the water control. The penetrant component of the penetrant-surfactant, the antitranspirant, and two spreader-binders adjuvants did not significantly alter the disease gradient compared to the water control. Lesion sizes and numbers were also increased by a surfactant product and the surfactant component of the penetrant-surfactant, but not by the penetrant component of the penetrant-surfactant, the antitranspirant, or the three spreader-binder formulations. These results suggest that surfactants which induce stomatal flooding may enhance infection and exacerbate citrus bacterial epidemics. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Graham, J H AU - Riley, T D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1305 EP - 1310 VL - 81 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - adjuvants KW - disease spread KW - leafspot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16253859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+spray+adjuvants+on+exacerbation+of+citrus+bacterial+spot&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BRiley%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of mating types and the teleomorph of Ascochyta rabiei on chickpea in Turkey AN - 16252679; 4238956 AB - One hundred forty-five isolates of Ascochyta rabiei, the cause of Ascochyta blight of chickpea, were collected from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in 23 provinces of Turkey. Each isolate was tested for mating type with compatible MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 tester isolates. Both mating types were found in 18 provinces. Of the isolates tested, 59% were MAT1-1 and 41% were MAT1-2. A great deal of variation in cultural characteristics was observed among the Turkish isolates in mycelial growth, sporulation, and colony appearance. Mature pseudothecia of Didymella rabiei, the teleomorph (sexual state) of A. rabiei, developed on naturally infested chickpea debris collected in 15 of 20 provinces when incubated under favorable conditions. This is a new geographic record for D. rabiei. The teleomorph may play an important role in long-distance dissemination of the pathogen and in increasing genetic diversity in the pathogen population in Turkey. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Kuesmenoglu, I AD - USDA-ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Stn., Washington State Univ., P.O. Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1284 EP - 1287 VL - 81 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Turkey KW - blight KW - geographic distribution KW - geographical distribution KW - mating types KW - perfect state KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+mating+types+and+the+teleomorph+of+Ascochyta+rabiei+on+chickpea+in+Turkey&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BKuesmenoglu%2C+I&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved control of green mold of citrus with imazalil in warm water compared with its use in wax AN - 16252603; 4238970 AB - The effectiveness of imazalil for the control of citrus green mold (caused by Penicillium digitatum) improved significantly when fruit were treated with heated aqueous solutions of the fungicide as compared with the current commercial practice of spraying wax containing imazalil on fruit. When applied at less than 500 mu g times ml super(-1) in solutions heated to 37.8 degree C, control of postharvest green mold of citrus was significantly superior to applications of 4,200 mu g times ml super(-1) imazalil in wax sprayed on fruit at ambient temperatures. The improvement in imazalil efficacy was obtained with a decrease in fungicide residues on the fruit. Residues of about 3.5 mu g times g super(-1) imazalil deposited by the application of imazalil in wax reduced the incidence of green mold on lemons from 94.4% among untreated controls to 15.1%, whereas an equal residue deposited by passing fruit through heated aqueous imazalil reduced green mold incidence to 1.3%. Similar differences were found in tests with oranges. Residues of 2 and 3.5 mu g times g super(-1) imazalil were needed to control the sporulation of P. digitatum on oranges and lemons, respectively. The mode of application of imazalil did not influence control of sporulation. The influence of immersion time, imazalil concentration, and solution temperature on imazalil residues on oranges and lemons was determined in tests using commercial packing equipment, and a model that describes residue deposition was developed. Residues after a 30- or 60-s treatment in heated aqueous imazalil were sufficient to control sporulation, but residues after 15-s treatments were too low and required an additional application of 1,070 mu g times ml super(-1) imazalil in wax to deposit an amount of imazalil sufficient to control sporulation. An imazalil-resistant isolate of P. digitatum was significantly controlled by heated aqueous imazalil. The incidence of green mold of navel oranges was reduced from 98.8 to 17.4% by treatment in 410 mu g times ml super(-1) imazalil at 40.6 degree C for 90 s. However, control of the resistant isolate required imazalil residues on the fruit of 7.9 mu g times g super(-1), which is within the U.S. tolerance of 10 mu g times g super(-1) but above the 5 mu g times g super(-1) tolerance of some countries that import citrus fruit from the United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Michael, I F AU - Mansour, M F AU - Mackey, B E AU - Margosan, DA AU - Flores, D AU - Weist, C F AD - Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1299 EP - 1304 VL - 81 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - disease control KW - green mold KW - imazalil KW - waxes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Improved+control+of+green+mold+of+citrus+with+imazalil+in+warm+water+compared+with+its+use+in+wax&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BMichael%2C+I+F%3BMansour%2C+M+F%3BMackey%2C+B+E%3BMargosan%2C+DA%3BFlores%2C+D%3BWeist%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of choke, caused by Epichloe typhina, on orchardgrass in Oregon AN - 16252393; 4238971 AB - During July 1997, Epichloe typhina (Pers.:Fr.) Tul. in Tul. & C. Tul., the cause of choke disease, was found in four fields of an unnamed, experimental cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown for seed near Halsey, OR. Disease occurrence in each of three fields was estimated by counting choked tillers in about 50 quadrats, 1 x 0.3 m, taken at 30-m intervals along three or four diagonal transects. In two fields, the disease was present in most quadrats (3% tillers infected). In the third field, choke was clustered in two areas, each with 1 to 8% infected tillers. A collection of E. typhina was deposited at the Oregon State University Mycological Herbarium (accession number 56,395). The disease had not been previously observed in commercial cultivars grown for seed in Oregon, with the exception of an infected tiller collected from an orchardgrass seed field during 1996. This is the first report of choke in Oregon on orchardgrass. Choke is an important disease in France, where it reduces seed yields of orchardgrass. Ten Oregon cultivars of orchardgrass were evaluated under field conditions in France in 1993 and 1994 for susceptibility to E. typhina. All cultivars were found susceptible to the disease; incidence of infected tillers ranged from 4 to 11%, with a mean of 7%. During 1996, several fragments of stroma of E. typhina were found among seed from a seed lot submitted to the Oregon State University Seed Lab for purity testing. This indicates that stroma may occur as a contaminant with seed, although it is not known if E. typhina would survive with the seed. E. typhina has not been reported to be seed-borne in orchardgrass. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Pfender, W F AU - Welty, R E AU - Mellbye, ME AU - Cook, R L AU - Spatafora, J W AU - Putnam, M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1335 VL - 81 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - choke disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+choke%2C+caused+by+Epichloe+typhina%2C+on+orchardgrass+in+Oregon&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BPfender%2C+W+F%3BWelty%2C+R+E%3BMellbye%2C+ME%3BCook%2C+R+L%3BSpatafora%2C+J+W%3BPutnam%2C+M&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microhabitat parameters and life-history characteristics of Fallicambarus gordoni Fitzpatrick, a crayfish associated with pitcher-plant bogs in southern Mississippi AN - 16250149; 4232560 AB - Fallicambarus gordoni, a crayfish found only in pitcher-plant bogs, is restricted to the DeSoto National Forest, Perry County, Mississippi, U.S.A. The species is active from late fall through late spring, and apparently estivates during the summer when bogs are dry. Ovigerous females were found in late fall and winter, and small juveniles were collected in February. Form I males were found throughout much of the year, except during summer months when no crayfish were collected. Burrows of F. gordoni are complex and similar in structure to those of Fallicambarus fodiens. Catch per unit effort ranged from 0.02-0.17, suggesting that counting burrow structures will not give an accurate population estimate of this imperiled animal. JF - Journal of Crustacean Biology AU - Johnston, CE AU - Figiel, C AD - USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwood Research, 1000 Front Street, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, carolj@olemiss.edu Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 687 EP - 691 PB - Crustacean Society VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0278-0372, 0278-0372 KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16250149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.atitle=Microhabitat+parameters+and+life-history+characteristics+of+Fallicambarus+gordoni+Fitzpatrick%2C+a+crayfish+associated+with+pitcher-plant+bogs+in+southern+Mississippi&rft.au=Johnston%2C+CE%3BFigiel%2C+C&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.issn=02780372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discrimination of Campylobacter jejuni isolates by fla gene sequencing AN - 16230531; 4222856 AB - Comparison of the entire coding sequence of flaA (1,764 nucleotides) from 15 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni showed two regions of high variability, one region approximately from base positions 700 to 1,450 and a short variable region (SVR) from base positions 450 to 600. Parsimony analysis of the SVR sequences yielded a dendrogram similar to that which was derived by analysis of the entire gene. PCR was used to generate templates, and the SVR was sequenced with primers constructed to hybridize to conserved flanking sequences. The SVRs of 22 isolates of C. jejuni from four outbreaks that have been well characterized and a larger panel of isolates from three additional outbreaks were sequenced. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences produced results that grouped the isolates very similarly to other subtyping techniques. Sequence data were also generated for isolates from three additional outbreaks. Categorizing the isolates by fla SVR DNA sequence placed them in epidemiologically relevant groups. Sequence analysis of the C. jejuni flaA SVR may be a useful tool for epidemiologic investigations and could complement or replace serotyping and other subtyping methods. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Helsel, LO AU - Fields, P I AU - Hiett, K L AD - USDA-ARS, Russell Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 2810 EP - 2814 VL - 35 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - flaA gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - typing KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16230531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Discrimination+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+isolates+by+fla+gene+sequencing&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BHelsel%2C+LO%3BFields%2C+P+I%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2810&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repelling plant pathogens with ribonuclease AN - 16091916; 4200962 AB - Molecular biologists usually regard ribonuclease as an enemy, an ever-present hazard to be avoided in the manipulation of nucleic acids, especially during the preparation of RNA. Teruo Sano (Hirosaki University, Japan) and colleagues, however, report in this issue that the activity of ribonuclease pac1 from yeast can be harnessed to protect transgenic potato plants from infection by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Hammond, J AD - Floral and Nursery Crops Res. Unit, US Natl. Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1247 VL - 15 IS - 12 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - pac1 gene KW - potato spindle tuber virus KW - ribonuclease KW - transgenic plants KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - reviews KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Repelling+plant+pathogens+with+ribonuclease&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; reviews; transgenic plants; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction and direct mortality of pandora moths, Coloradia pandora (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), by nocturnal fire AN - 16215544; 4211594 AB - The attraction of nocturnal moths to candles and other sources of light has long been observed, but fire as a potential source of mortality to moths in ecosystems with frequent fire regimes has been overlooked. A prescribed burn was conducted shortly after dark in a central Oregon ponderosa pine forest during the flight period of the endemic defoliator Coloradia pandora (Blake). Attraction to the fire and partial consumption by flames caused direct mortality estimated at 2.2% to 17.1% of the local pandora moth population. In field tests with projected light, pandora moths did not discriminate among colors in the visible spectrum. Moths did not respond to projected light for at least 1 h after dusk, indicating that timing and duration of the prescribed fire may have limited the mortality. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Gerson, E A AU - Kelsey, R G AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/10/22/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 22 SP - 71 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Lepidoptera KW - USA, Colorado KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16215544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Attraction+and+direct+mortality+of+pandora+moths%2C+Coloradia+pandora+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Saturniidae%29%2C+by+nocturnal+fire&rft.au=Gerson%2C+E+A%3BKelsey%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-10-22&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of Arcobacter species isolated from aborted pig fetuses and sows with reproductive problems in Brazil AN - 16377732; 4250974 AB - Seventeen field isolates of Arcobacter species were recovered in Brazil from aborted porcine fetal livers (n = 3), kidneys (n = 2), and thoracic fluid (n = 1). Arcobacter species were also recovered from uterine and oviductal tissues (n = 5) and a placenta from sows with reproductive problems. These isolates were initially presumed to be Arcobacter cryaerophilus on the basis of aerobic growth at 30 degree C, indoxyl acetate hydrolysis, catalase and oxidase reactions, growth on MacConkey agar, sensitivity to 3.5% sodium chloride, and susceptibility to nalidixic acid (40 mg/ml). The isolates were confirmed as Arcobacter using polymerase chain reaction, and were classified as A. cryaerophilus 1A (24%), A. cryaerophilus 1B (71%), and A. butzleri (6%) using restriction fragment length polymorphism. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - De Oliveira, SJ AU - Baetz, AL AU - Wesley, I V AU - Harmon, K M AD - CPVDF-FEPAGRO-Centro de Pesquisas Veterinarias 'Desiderio Finamor', C. Postal 2076, 90001-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, abaetz@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/10/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 16 SP - 347 EP - 354 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+Arcobacter+species+isolated+from+aborted+pig+fetuses+and+sows+with+reproductive+problems+in+Brazil&rft.au=De+Oliveira%2C+SJ%3BBaetz%2C+AL%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BHarmon%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=De+Oliveira&rft.aufirst=SJ&rft.date=1997-10-16&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Arcobacter species in gastric samples from swine AN - 16363436; 4250972 AB - Swine stomachs were surveyed for evidence of Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. infections associated with gastric ulceration. A nested PCR test targeted to the 16S rRNA was developed to detect many Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. An internal oligonucleotide probe was used for differentiation and confirmation of the PCR product. Tissue samples were obtained from the nonglandular and glandular regions of 86 swine stomachs. Evidence of infection with these microbes was detected in 51%, with 77% of the positive samples being identified as A. butzleri using a highly specific probe. Nonglandular stomach samples (44%) were more likely to be positive by PCR than samples from the glandular (23%) region. Gross lesions of any stage of gastric ulceration, ranging from parakeratosis, erosions and ulceration, were observed in 24% of stomachs examined. Of 21 samples with lesions, 52% were positive by the broadly reactive PCR assay for Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. The majority of PCR-positive samples (75%) had no gross lesions. When a single step PCR assay that was more specific for Arcobacter spp. was used on the nonglandular stomach samples, 10.4% of the 86 samples were positive. Arcobacter spp. were cultured from four of the sample stomachs. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified the isolates as A. butzleri (n = 2), A. cryaerophilus, (n = 1), and a mixed culture of A. butzleri and another Arcobacter spp. (n = 1). A single step PCR assay targeted to the urease gene and culturing methods were used to screen for H. pylori or other closely related urease positive bacteria, but none were found. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Suarez, D L AU - Wesley, I V AU - Larson, D J AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, dsuarez@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/10/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 16 SP - 325 EP - 336 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16363436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Arcobacter+species+in+gastric+samples+from+swine&rft.au=Suarez%2C+D+L%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BLarson%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Suarez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-10-16&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa AN - 16217626; 4211531 AB - A cryptic plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa strain ATCC 35868 was cloned, sequenced, and the sequence entered into GenBank (U71220). The plasmid is 1296 nucleotides in length with 55% GC content and three open reading frames. A plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of X. fastidiosa, ATCC 35878. Searches of the GenBank reveal nucleotide sequence homology with plasmid pNKH43 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and amino acid sequence homology with phage Pf3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plasmid pAP12875 from Acetobacter pasteurianus, and plasmid pVT736-1 from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Pooler, M R AU - Hartung, J S AU - Fenton, R G AD - USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Building 010A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/10/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 15 SP - 217 EP - 222 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 155 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - open reading frames KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Sequence+analysis+of+a+1296-nucleotide+plasmid+from+Xylella+fastidiosa&rft.au=Pooler%2C+M+R%3BHartung%2C+J+S%3BFenton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Pooler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-10-15&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material and deoxynivalenol from naturally contaminated wheat incorporated into diets of broiler chicks. AN - 79542284; 9454932 AB - The effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M)/kg of feed from culture material and 16 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg of feed from naturally contaminated wheat were evaluated in growing broiler chicks from 1 day to 21 days of age. Body weight (BW), body-weight gain, and feed consumption were decreased by feeding M and M plus DON diets. Relative heart weight was increased by the M diet, whereas relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, and heart were increased by the M plus DON diet. The M diet increased alanine transferase and aspartate transaminase activities and creatinine concentration and decreased mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The M and DON diet decreased glucose, hemoglobin, and MCHC. Histopathological lesions from the M diet were limited to the kidney and consisted of extensive renal tubular epithelial degeneration plus luminal mineralization. A moderation of the severity of lesions was seen in the tissues of the M plus DON-fed chicks, consisting of generally mild tubular epithelial degeneration. None of the parameters measured were affected by the DON diet. Results indicate additive or less-than-additive toxicity for most parameters when chicks were fed diets containing 100 mg M plus 16 mg DON/kg of feed. Although the concentration of M in this study was high compared with that reported for feedstuffs, additional information on the occurrence and toxicity of M will need to be collected in order to assess the importance of M to the poultry industry. JF - Avian diseases AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Turk, J R AU - Casper, H H AU - Buckley, S A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 957 EP - 963 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Trichothecenes KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Eating -- physiology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Erythrocyte Count KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Organ Size KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Hemoglobins -- analysis KW - Kidney Tubules -- cytology KW - Heart -- anatomy & histology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Cyclobutanes -- analysis KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79542284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Moniliformin+from+Fusarium+fujikuroi+culture+material+and+deoxynivalenol+from+naturally+contaminated+wheat+incorporated+into+diets+of+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BTurk%2C+J+R%3BCasper%2C+H+H%3BBuckley%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying and controlling emerging foodborne pathogens: research needs. AN - 79421433; 9366605 AB - Systems for managing the risks associated with foodborne pathogens are based on detailed knowledge of the microorganisms and the foods with which they are associated--known hazards. An emerging pathogen, however, is an unknown hazard; therefore, to control it, key data must be acquired to convert the pathogen from an unknown to a known hazard. The types of information required are similar despite the identity of the new agent. The key to rapid control is rapid mobilization of research capabilities targeted at addressing critical knowledge gaps. In addition, longer-term research is needed to improve our ability to respond quickly to new microbial threats and help us become more proactive at anticipating and preventing emergence. The type of contingency planning used by the military in anticipating new threats serves as a useful framework for planning for new emergence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Buchanan, R L AD - USDA ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. rbuchanan@arserrc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 517 EP - 521 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Food Microbiology KW - Infection Control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79421433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Identifying+and+controlling+emerging+foodborne+pathogens%3A+research+needs.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Curr Biol. 1994 Jan 1;4(1):24-33 [7922307] Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1208-11 [8895473] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Oct;62(10):3673-8 [8837423] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1995;21(4):215-37 [8688153] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for rapid response to emerging foodborne microbial hazards. AN - 79416717; 9368788 AB - The foodborne outbreak paradigm has shifted. In the past, an outbreak affected a small local population, had a high attack rate, and involved locally prepared food products with limited distribution. Now outbreaks involve larger populations and may be multistate and even international; in many the pathogenic organism has a low infective dose and sometimes is never isolated from the food product. Delay in identifying the causative agent can allow the outbreak to spread, increasing the number of cases. Emergency intervention should be aimed at controlling the outbreak, stopping exposure, and perhaps more importantly, preventing future outbreaks. Using epidemiologic data and investigative techniques may be the answer. Even with clear statistical associations to a contaminated food, one must ensure that the implicated organism could logically and biologically have been responsible for the outbreak. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Majkowski, J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, USA. jesse.majkowski@usda.gov PY - 1997 SP - 551 EP - 554 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - DNA Fingerprinting KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Coccidiosis -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Food Parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79416717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+rapid+response+to+emerging+foodborne+microbial+hazards.&rft.au=Majkowski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Majkowski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-dose vitamin supplements for cigarette smokers: caution is indicated. AN - 79375638; 9354081 AB - Results from human intervention studies indicate that smokers should avoid using high-dose dietary beta-carotene supplements. In addition, problems may exist for smokers with high-dose vitamin E supplements. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Handelman, G J AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 369 EP - 370 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamins KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - beta Carotene -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Vitamin E -- adverse effects KW - beta Carotene -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Smoking KW - Vitamins -- adverse effects KW - Vitamins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79375638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=High-dose+vitamin+supplements+for+cigarette+smokers%3A+caution+is+indicated.&rft.au=Handelman%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Handelman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding and electrostatic attraction of lanthanum (La3+) and aluminum (Al3+) to wheat root plasma membranes. AN - 79317756; 9312213 AB - A general model for the sorption of trivalent cations to wheat-root (Triticum aestivum L cv. Scout 66) plasma membranes (PM) has been developed and includes the first published coefficients for La3+ and Al3+ binding to a biological membrane. Both ions are rhizotoxic, and the latter ion is the principal contributor to the toxicity of acidic soils around the world. The model takes into account both the electrostatic attraction and the binding of cations to the negatively charged PM surface. Ion binding is modeled as the reaction P- + IZ 'PIZ-1 in which P- represents a negatively charged PM ligand, located in an estimated area of 540 A2, and IZ represents an ion of charge Z. Binding constants for the reaction were assigned for K+ (1 M-1) and Ca2+ (30 M-1) and evaluated experimentally for La3+ (2200 M-1) and H+ (21,500 M-1). Al sorption is complicated by Al3+ hydrolysis that yields hydroxoaluminum species that are also sorbed. Binding constants of 30 and 1 M-1 were assigned for AlOH2+ and Al(OH)+2, respectively, then a constant for Al3+ (20,000 m-1) was evaluated experimentally using the previously obtained values for K+, Ca2+ and H+ binding. Electrostatic attraction was modeled according to Gouy-Chapman theory. Evaluation of parameters was based upon the sorption of ions to PM vesicles suspended in solutions containing variable concentrations of H+, Ca2+ and La3+ or Al3+. Use of small volumes, and improved assay techniques, allowed the measurement of concentration depletions caused by sorption to vesicles. Some independent confirmation of our model is provided by substantial agreement between our computations and two published reports of La3+ effects upon zeta potentials of plant protoplasts. The single published report concerning the electrostatic effects of Al on cell membranes is in essential agreement with the model. JF - The Journal of membrane biology AU - Yermiyahu, U AU - Rytwo, G AU - Brauer, D K AU - Kinraide, T B AD - Appalachian Soil and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA. Y1 - 1997/10/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 01 SP - 239 EP - 252 VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2631, 0022-2631 KW - Lanthanum KW - 6I3K30563S KW - Hydrogen KW - 7YNJ3PO35Z KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Static Electricity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Absorption KW - Hydrogen -- metabolism KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Potassium -- metabolism KW - Plant Roots -- metabolism KW - Aluminum -- metabolism KW - Lanthanum -- metabolism KW - Triticum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79317756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+membrane+biology&rft.atitle=Binding+and+electrostatic+attraction+of+lanthanum+%28La3%2B%29+and+aluminum+%28Al3%2B%29+to+wheat+root+plasma+membranes.&rft.au=Yermiyahu%2C+U%3BRytwo%2C+G%3BBrauer%2C+D+K%3BKinraide%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Yermiyahu&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+membrane+biology&rft.issn=00222631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between cation exchange selectivity and crystalline swelling in expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates AN - 52632298; 1998-007604 AB - A theoretical model describing the interaction between crystalline swelling and cation exchange selectivity is proposed for expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates. The model is based on the assumption that changes in basal spacing of a clay are phase changes, and that each phase of a clay has a different selectivity constant for a particular cation exchange reaction. Energy barriers stabilize the various phases over a limited range of interlayer ionic composition. These energy barriers cause hysteresis in crystalline swelling, which in turn causes hysteresis in cation exchange. Results are presented for an experiment involving Ba-Mg exchange on a synthetic fluoro-hectorite. The results demonstrate key aspects of the proposed model, including a correlation between measured selectivity coefficients and basal spacings (R (super 2) = 0.85), an abrupt change in basal spacing that corresponds with an abrupt change in selectivity and corresponding hysteresis in crystalline swelling and cation exchange selectivity. The results also demonstrate increased selectivity for the preferred cation (Ba) at high solution mole fraction of the preferred cation. This trend is opposite of that observed for heterogeneous natural smectites but consistent with predictions of the model for a homogeneous smectite. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Laird, David A AU - Shang, Chao Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 681 EP - 689 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - fixation KW - experimental studies KW - cation exchange capacity KW - clay mineralogy KW - smectite KW - clay minerals KW - phase equilibria KW - expansive materials KW - theoretical models KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - thermodynamic properties KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52632298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+cation+exchange+selectivity+and+crystalline+swelling+in+expanding+2%3A1+phyllosilicates&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A%3BShang%2C+Chao&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cation exchange capacity; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; expansive materials; experimental studies; fixation; geochemistry; ion exchange; phase equilibria; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; theoretical models; thermodynamic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control AN - 17156065; 4441779 AB - Recovering gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations in the Lake Superior region of the United States are prompting state management agencies to consider strategies to control population growth. In addition to wolf removal, vasectomy has been proposed. To predict the population effects of different sterilization and removal strategies, we developed a simulation model of wolf dynamics using simple rules for demography and dispersal. Simulations suggested that the effects of vasectomy and removal in a disjunct population depend largely on the degree of annual immigration. With low immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production and resulted in lower rates of territory recolonization. Consequently, average pack size, number of packs, and population size were significantly less than those for an untreated population. Periodically removing a proportion of the population produced roughly the same trends as did sterilization; however, more than twice as many wolves had to be removed than sterilized. With high immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production but not territory recolonization and produced only moderate reductions in population size relative to an untreated population. Similar reductions in population size were obtained by periodically removing large numbers of wolves. Our analysis does not address the possible effects of vasectomy on larger wolf populations, but it suggests that the subject should be considered through modeling or field testing. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Haight, R G AU - Mech, L D AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1023 EP - 1031 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Gray wolf KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Population regulation KW - Sterilization KW - Canis lupus KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17156065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Computer+simulation+of+vasectomy+for+wolf+control&rft.au=Haight%2C+R+G%3BMech%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Haight&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis lupus; Sterilization; Models; Population regulation; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dermal contact repellents for starlings: foot exposure to natural plant products AN - 17153390; 4441817 AB - Identification and formulation of contact repellents are needed to prevent nuisance birds from roosting on architectural structures. In this study I showed the feet of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to be viable routes of exposure for contact dermal irritants, and that starlings will avoid perches treated with such irritants. In one experiment, starlings became agitated and hyperactive after their feet were immersed in 5% oil extracts of the spices cumin, rosemary and thyme, demonstrating that dermal exposure to chemicals could alter behavior. In a second experiment, I painted perches with pure compounds of plant origin (1% wt/wt). Starlings avoided perches treated with either R-limonene, S-limonene, and beta -pinene. The carbamate pesticide, methiocarb, was also a good dermal repellent. None of the extracts or compounds indicated that exposure resulted in illness for the dosages given and the delivery, system tested. These results suggest that development of a nonlethal contact repellent for nuisance bird control may be feasible. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Clark, L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control, National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1352 EP - 1358 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - European starling KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Repellents KW - Sturnus vulgaris KW - Pest control KW - Plant extracts KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17153390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Dermal+contact+repellents+for+starlings%3A+foot+exposure+to+natural+plant+products&rft.au=Clark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sturnus vulgaris; Repellents; Wildlife management; Pest control; Plant extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding deterrence of anthraquinone, anthracene, and anthrone to rice-eating birds AN - 17153243; 4441818 AB - Safe, effective bird repellents are needed as seed treatments and for many other agricultural uses. Quinones are distributed widely in nature and many have predator defense and antiherbivory functions. One compound, 9,10-anthraquinone, was identified as a bird repellent in the 1940s, but is not registered for use in the United States. We evaluated it and 2 structurally related compounds, anthrone and anthracene, for repellency to rice-eating birds. In choice tests with individually caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) anthraquinone and anthrone produced comparable reductions in consumption of treated rice at rates of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25% (g/g). At 0.50%, however, only anthraquinone suppressed consumption of untreated rice as well as treated rice. Anthracene was least effective of the 3 compounds and was tested only at 0.50%. In 1-cup tests, consumption of anthraquinone-treated rice by individual blackbirds was suppressed at 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50%. Rice consumption by individually caged female boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major) exposed to the 0.50% treatment was similar to that of redwings at the 0.10% treatment. In choice tests of 3-bird groups in large flight enclosures, red-winged blackbirds discriminated strongly against 0.25% anthraqunione-treated rice. Observations of videotaped birds revealed no evidence of contact irritation or unpleasant taste; rather post-ingestive illness, as evidenced by one vomiting bird, suggests that anthraquinone repellency is due to learned behavior. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Avery, M L AU - Humphrey, J S AU - Decker, D G AD - USDA/APHIS/National Wildlife Research Center, 2820 E. University Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32641, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1359 EP - 1365 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Red-winged blackbird KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Control programs KW - Pest control KW - Deterrents KW - Rice fields KW - Feeding behavior KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17153243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Feeding+deterrence+of+anthraquinone%2C+anthracene%2C+and+anthrone+to+rice-eating+birds&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BHumphrey%2C+J+S%3BDecker%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; Deterrents; Control programs; Rice fields; Feeding behavior; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An experimental test of interspecific competition for red-cockaded woodpecker cavities AN - 17151564; 4441806 AB - To test whether the presence of nest boxes near red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW, Picoides borealis) cavity trees reduced cavity use by other species and improved RCW reproductive success on the Francis Marion National Forest in coastal South Carolina, we placed 3 nest boxes in each of 62 experimental clusters and designated 61 clusters as controls. Our observations of nest box and cavity use showed that nest boxes were somewhat effective in reducing cavity use and that eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) were the most frequent users of nest boxes and cavities. Bluebirds preferred nest boxes to cavities in both years and flying squirrels showed significant preference for nest boxes in 1992. Pretreatment monitoring (1990) of RCW reproductive performance showed no significant differences between control and experimental groups. However, posttreatment monitoring showed that in 1991 RCWs in experimental clusters were significantly more likely to nest than RCWs in control clusters; in 1991 and 1992, they were more likely to fledge greater than or equal to 1 young. Further, RCWs were less likely to initiate a nest if greater than or equal to 1 cavity was occupied by a non-RCW species than if no cavities in the cluster were occupied by a non-RCW species. These results indicate that RCW cavities were subject to interspecific competition and that nest boxes may be an effective means of reducing competition, particularly when the number of cavities is limited. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Loeb, S C AU - Hooper, R G AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1003, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1268 EP - 1280 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Competitive behavior KW - Picoides borealis KW - Forests KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17151564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=An+experimental+test+of+interspecific+competition+for+red-cockaded+woodpecker+cavities&rft.au=Loeb%2C+S+C%3BHooper%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Competitive behavior; Nests; Interspecific relationships; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of similar serotypes of soybean Bradyrhizobia from two soil populations AN - 17130469; 4432940 AB - The physiological and genetic diversity within two major serotypic groups of bradyrhizobial isolates obtained from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plants grown on a Dothan and a Cape Fear soil was examined. All isolates serotyped as 31/94 had large colonies with smooth borders and high resistances to erythromycin, streptomycin and spectinomycin with minimal inhibitory concentration values (MIC) ranging from 200 to 400 mu g ml super(-1). Pulsed-field gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) separation of DNA fragments generated with the rarely cutting restriction endonuclease, Xba I, revealed six genotypes among 28 different 31/94 isolates. Four of these genotypes were common to both soils and only 21% of the isolates were classified as having high N sub(2)-fixation capacity. Leaf chlorosis was induced by 46% of the 31/94 isolates. Among the 122 /124 isolates, MIC values were lower than for 31/94 isolates ranging from <13 to 200 mu g ml super(-1). These 122/124 isolates produced small colonies (50%) and large colonies with rough borders (50%) when plated on YEM. The genetic diversity of serotype 122/124 isolates differed with soil type as PFGE patterns revealed nine genotypes among the 16 isolates from the mineral organic (Cape Fear) soil and only three genotypes among the 14 isolates from the sandy mineral (Dothan) soil. Only two of the 12 genotypes were common to both soils. Sixty percent of the 122/124 isolates were classified as having high N sub(2)-fixation capacity and none induced foliar chlorosis. Pulsed-field gel-electrophoresis pattern was the only trait that generated groups of isolates that were similar with respect to other measured traits. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Ramirez, ME AU - Israel, D W AU - Wollum, AG II AD - Department of Soil Science, Plant Physiology Program and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1539 EP - 1545 VL - 29 IS - 9-10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - DNA KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17130469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+and+genotypic+diversity+of+similar+serotypes+of+soybean+Bradyrhizobia+from+two+soil+populations&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+ME%3BIsrael%2C+D+W%3BWollum%2C+AG+II&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic characterization of soybean bradyrhizobia in two soils of North Carolina AN - 17127741; 4432941 AB - Serotypic composition of nodules (480 per soil type) from five soybean cultivars grown on two (Dothan and Cape Fear) soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina was characterized. Symbiotic N sub(2)-fixation efficiency, capacity for induction of foliar chlorosis symptomatic of rhizobitoxine production and antibiotic resistances of isolates purified from these nodules were also determined. While host plant cultivar had no significant effect on the serotype distribution, soil type had a large effect on the distribution and diversity of serotypes. Forty-six serotypes were identified among nodules from the Cape Fear soil, but only serotype 46/76 (8%), 76 (11%), 94 (9%) and 122/124 (12%) occurred in more than 5% of the nodules. Thirty percent of nodule occupants were not identified with the eleven antisera used. Twenty-four serotypes were identified among nodules from the Dothan soil. Of these serotypes 31/94 (32%), 46/76 (16%), and 76 (23%) occurred in more than 15% of the nodules. Five percent of the nodule occupants were not identified. Major serotypes did not change, but their frequency changed when fields were sampled at different growth stages in the same season and at the same growth stage in different seasons. Isolates serotyped as 31/94, 46/76, and most of the isolates serotyped as 76 generally exhibited higher levels of resistance to streptomycin and erythromycin than isolates serotyped as 24, 94 and 122/124. Five percent of the isolates from the Cape Fear soil (all serotyped as 31/94) and 18% of the isolates from the Dothan soil (serotyped as 31/94 or 76) induced foliar chlorosis when cultivar Brim was the host. Only 12-14% of the isolates from the two populations had N sub(2)-fixation capacity equal to or greater than that of the efficient reference strain MN110. However, four improved soybean cultivars grown in the same fields and year that isolates were obtained did not exhibit a significant seed yield response to application of 150 kg N ha super(-1) when yields in the minus N treatment ranged from 3.2 to 3.7 Mg ha super(-1). A significant seed yield response by a non-nodulated cultivar indicated that these soils were N limited. Therefore, the symbiotic N sub(2)-fixation capacity of these bradyrhizobial populations did not limit soybean seed yields despite the low percentage of isolates with high N sub(2)-fixation efficiency and the presence of isolates with the capacity to induce leaf chlorosis symptomatic of rhizobitoxine production. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Ramirez, ME AU - Israel, D W AU - Wollum, AG II AD - Department of Soil Science, Plant Physiology Program and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1547 EP - 1555 VL - 29 IS - 9-10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17127741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+characterization+of+soybean+bradyrhizobia+in+two+soils+of+North+Carolina&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+ME%3BIsrael%2C+D+W%3BWollum%2C+AG+II&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize plant contributions to root zone available carbon and microbial transformations of nitrogen AN - 17120933; 4426698 AB - Root-derived C influences soil microbial activities that regulate N transformations and cycling in soil. The change in super(13)C abundance of soil microbial biomass was used to quantify contributions from maize (Zea mays L.), a C sub(4) plant, to root zone-available C during growth in soil with a long history of C sub(3) vegetation. Effects of root-derived available C on microbial transformations of N were also evaluated using a super(15)NH super(1) sub(4) super(5)NO sub(3) fertilizer tracer. Root-released C (microbial respired C sub(4)-C + soil residue C sub(4)-C) accounted for 12% (210 kg C ha super(-1)) of measured C fixed by maize at 4 wk and 5% at maturity when root-released C totaled 1135 kg C ha super(-1). Of the C sub(4)-C remaining in soil, only 18-23% was found in microbial biomass, indicating either a rapid turnover rate of biomass or a lower availability of C sub(4) substrates. Average daily production of root-derived available C was greatest during 4-8 wk maize growth (7 kg C ha super(-1) d super(-1)) when 4-11% of the soil microbial biomass came from this C source. At maize maturity, 15% of the microbial biomass (161 kg C ha super(-1)) came from root-derived available C, which totaled 402 kg ha super(-1). Of the super(15)N remaining in bare and cropped soils, averages of 23 and 16% (10 and 2 kg N ha super(-1)) were found in microbial biomass, and 64 and 2% (28 and 0.2 kg N ha super(-1)) were in inorganic super(15)N form, leaving 13 and 82% (6 and 10 kg N ha super(-1)) as non-biomass organic N, respectively; this suggests that N cycling through microbial biomass was enhanced by root-derived C. Denitrification and N sub(2)O losses from planted soils were low (1-136 g N ha super(-1) d super(-1)) when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 2-3 mg kg super(-1)) was present in the soil. The presence of maize plants increased denitrification losses from soil by 19 to 57% (average of 29%) during early growth stages when the release of root-derived C was greatest. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Qian, J H AU - Doran, J W AU - Walters, D T AD - USDA-ARS and Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1451 EP - 1462 VL - 29 IS - 9-10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - carbon sources KW - nitrogen KW - soil KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Zea mays KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17120933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Maize+plant+contributions+to+root+zone+available+carbon+and+microbial+transformations+of+nitrogen&rft.au=Qian%2C+J+H%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BWalters%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid desiccation with heat in combination with water washing for reducing bacteria on beef carcass surfaces AN - 16542756; 4341192 AB - A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of rapid desiccation with dry heat at one or two points in the slaughter process to reduce bacterial contamination on beef carcass surfaces. In the first set of experiments, several combinations of desiccation and water washes were examined. Beef surfaces were inoculated with bovine feces and water washed (IW; 125 psi, 15 s, 35 degree C); desiccated (400 degree C, 15 s) before inoculation and subjected to a water wash (D sub(15) super(400 degree C) IW); inoculated, water washed and desiccated for 30 s (IWD sub(30) super(400 degree C)); or desiccated, inoculated, water washed, and desiccated for 30 s (D sub(15) super(400 degree C) IW D sub(30) super(400 degree C)). Samples treated with D sub(15) super(400 degree C) IWD sub(30) super(400 degree C) exhibited the lowest populations of APC, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. When E. coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria innocua and Clostridium sporogenes were inoculated on to beef surfaces (3 times 30, 2 times 61, 3 times 97, and 3 times 63 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2), respectively) and monitored following treatments with D sub(15) super(400 degree C) IWD sub(30) super(400 degree C) none of the organisms were detected. To minimize surface discoloration, an additional set of experiments were conducted using less heat (300 degree C) for shorter times. When desiccation (300 degree C) was conducted for 10, 12, or 15 s prior to fecal contamination and followed by a water wash (D sub(10,12,15) super(300 degree C) IW), it was demonstrated that none of the treatments were significantly different from the others for reducing APC from shortplates; however, the 10 s treatment was preferred for its shorter time. When desiccation for 10 s was combined with water washing and a second desiccation step (300 degree C) for 15, 20, or 25 s (D sub(10) super(300 degree C) IWD sub(15,20,25) super(300 degree C)), populations of APC, coliforms, and E. coli were reduced to the greatest extent when the second desiccation step was applied for 25 s. This study is the first to report that water washing in combination with rapid desiccation with dry heat at one or two points in the slaughter process is more effective than water washing alone for reducing bacterial contamination on beef surfaces. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Cutter, C N AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 493 EP - 503 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - beef KW - washing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Abattoirs KW - Drying KW - Washing KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Beef KW - Quality control KW - Heat treatments KW - Cleaning process KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16542756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+desiccation+with+heat+in+combination+with+water+washing+for+reducing+bacteria+on+beef+carcass+surfaces&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BDorsa%2C+W+J%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Cleaning process; Food contamination; Microbial contamination; Abattoirs; Beef; Washing; Drying; Heat treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta in ground beef following treatments with nisin in calcium alginate gels AN - 16541070; 4341184 AB - Sterilized, lean and adipose beef carcass tissues were inoculated with Brochothrix thermosphacta, left untreated (U), or treated with 100 mu g/ml nisin (N), calcium alginate (A), or 100 mu g/ml nisin immobilized in a calcium alginate gel (AN). Treated tissues were aseptically processed into ground beef and populations of B. thermosphacta and nisin activity were determined during refrigerated storage (4 degree C) at 0, 7, and 14 days. At day 0, bacterial populations of U- and A-treated ground beef were 3.24 and 3.17 log sub(10) CFU/g respectively. Ground beef treated with N exhibited populations of 2.80 log sub(10) CFU/g while AN significantly suppressed the organism to undetectable levels (7 log sub(10) CFU/g and nisin titers were virtually undetectable in any of the ground beef samples. While the growth of B. thermosphacta could not be effectively suppressed for 14 days, the application of nisin in alginate gels to meat surfaces does afford some immediate protection against undesirable bacteria when these surfaces are processed into ground beef. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 425 EP - 430 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Brochothrix thermosphacta KW - beef KW - calcium alginate KW - meat KW - nisin KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Meat KW - Growth KW - Nisin KW - Beef KW - Preservatives KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Brochothrix+thermosphacta+in+ground+beef+following+treatments+with+nisin+in+calcium+alginate+gels&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brochothrix thermosphacta; Food contamination; Growth; Microbial contamination; Preservatives; Bacteria; Beef; Nisin; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of water activity and humectant identity on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 16477626; 4341183 AB - The effect of three non-ionic humectants on the growth kinetics of a three-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was studied in brain-heart infusion broth. A full factorial design was used to test mannitol (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 g l super(-1)), sorbitol (0, 50, 10, 150, 200 g l super(-1)), and sucrose (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 g l super(-1)) in combination with four pH levels (4 times 5, 5 times 5, 6 times 5, 7 times 5) and three incubation temperatures (12 degree , 19 degree , and 28 degree C). Growth was measured using viable counts, and growth curves were then fitted using the Gompertz equation to derive generation times, lag phase durations, maximum population densities, and 'times to a 1000-fold increase'. Increasing humectant concentrations (i.e., lowering water activity (a sub(w))) interacted with decreasing temperatures and pH values to increase lag phase durations and generation times. The results were compared with an earlier study where NaCl was used as the humectant. The response surface model developed for NaCl in the earlier study was evaluated for its ability to successfully predict the growth kinetics of E. coli observed with the three non-ionic solutes. The model provided reasonable estimates for all four humectants, particularly at higher a sub(w) values. As the minimum a sub(w) that supported growth was approached, differences among the solutes were observed and the model was less accurate. This was evidenced by conservative (fail-safe) predictions that over estimated the pathogen's growth potential at low a sub(w) values. Overall, the results indicate that models developed using NaCl as a humectant can be used to obtain estimates of a bacterium's growth in the presence of other solutes. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Bagi, L K AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 413 EP - 423 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - growth KW - humectants KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16477626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+water+activity+and+humectant+identity+on+the+growth+kinetics+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BBagi%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a DNA Marker for Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Chickpea AN - 16476104; 4340509 AB - Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo & K. Sato is the most widely spread soilborne disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To advance our understanding of the genetics of wilt resistance and aid chickpea breeding programs, we developed a set of F sub(6) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) between Fusarium wilt susceptible (C-104) and resistant (WR-315) parents. Prior screening of selected F sub(3) plants identified two primers (UBC-170 and CS-27) that produced random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with Fusarium wilt race 1 resistance. Analysis of the RILs with these primers yielded an estimate of 7% recombination between the two markers and the locus for wilt resistance, and 6% recombination between the loci corresponding to the two RAPD markers. The DNA fragments were cloned and sequenced in order to construct primers that would amplify only the markers of interest. Primer pair CS-27F/CS-27R amplified a fragment linked to the allele for susceptibility to race 1 of Fusarium wilt and thus constitute allele specific associated primers (ASAPs), whereas UBC-170F/UBC-170R produced a single band for both resistant and susceptible genotypes, thus demonstrating locus specificity rather than allele specificity. The use of markers generated by the RAPD or ASAP approaches can facilitate the introgression of resistance genes into susceptible lines and expedite the screening of chickpea germplasm resources and will be useful in extending the genetic map of chickpea. JF - Crop Science AU - Mayer AU - Tullu, A AU - Simon, C J AU - Kumar, J AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Kraft, J M AU - Muehlbauer, F J AD - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA, muehlbau@wsu.edu Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1625 EP - 1629 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - DNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16476104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+DNA+Marker+for+Fusarium+Wilt+Resistance+in+Chickpea&rft.au=Mayer%3BTullu%2C+A%3BSimon%2C+C+J%3BKumar%2C+J%3BKaiser%2C+W+J%3BKraft%2C+J+M%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasmid DNA encoding replicating foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes induces antiviral immune responses in swine AN - 16464435; 4378592 AB - DNA vaccine candidates for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) were engineered to produce FMD virus (FMDV) particles that were noninfectious in cell culture or animals. The prototype plasmid, pWRM, contains a cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter-driven genome-length type A12 cDNA followed by the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation site. BHK cells transfected with this plasmid produced virus, but the specific infectivity of pWRM was much lower than that achieved with in vitro-generated RNA genomes. To improve the infectivity of the plasmid, a cDNA encoding the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme was added to the 3' end of the FMDV cDNA. The resulting plasmid, pWRMH, exhibited slightly increased infectivity in cell culture and produced virus when inoculated into suckling mice. A third plasmid, pWRMHX, was created by removal of the sequences encoding the cell binding site found in capsid protein VP1 of pWRMH. Although cells transfected with pWRMHX produced viral capsids, this plasmid was not lethal in suckling mice, indicating that particles lacking the cell binding site were not able to initiate secondary infectious cycles. Swine inoculated with pWRMHX did not show any signs of disease and produced neutralizing antibodies to FMDV, and 20% of the vaccinated animals were protected from challenge. A derivative of pWRMHX, pWRMHX-pol super(-), harboring a mutation designed to inactivate the viral polymerase was much less immunogenic, indicating that immunogenicity of pWRMHX resulted, in part, from amplification of the viral genome in the animal. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Ward, G AU - Rieder, E AU - Mason, P W AD - PIADC, USDA, ARS, NAA, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 7442 EP - 7447 VL - 71 IS - 10 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA KW - DNA vaccines KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - immune response KW - pigs KW - vaccines KW - virions KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16464435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Plasmid+DNA+encoding+replicating+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+genomes+induces+antiviral+immune+responses+in+swine&rft.au=Ward%2C+G%3BRieder%2C+E%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=7442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal flight patterns of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in northeastern Oregon AN - 16425165; 4321290 AB - The abundance and phenology of scolytid beetles collected in multiple-funnel traps baited with the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) pheromones frontalin, seudenol, MCOL, and ethanol in NE Oregon are reported. Other than D. pseudotsugae, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), a total of 17,612 beetles from 44 species were collected between 5 May and 21 Sep 1993. Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte and Hylastes nigrinus (Mannerheim) were most abundant (comprising 44.5% and 31.7% of the total, respectively), followed by Pityophthorus confertus Swaine (8.5%), Dendroctonus valens LeConte (4.2%) Hylastes longicollis Swaine (3.4%), and Hylastes ruber Swaine (2.7%). Most species were rare; the combined number of individuals of the 26 least common species comprised <1% of the total. Pityophthorus deletus LeConte and Pityophthorus grandis Blackman are reported from Oregon for the first time. Flight activity for most species began after a seasonal increase in temperature in mid-May and subsided by late July. Seasonal flight patterns are shown for the 14 most abundant species. It is unknown how each species was affected by the lure, but ethanol may have been an important attractant for many species. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Peck, R W AU - Equihua-Martinez, A AU - Ross, D W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 204 EP - 212 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - USA, Oregon KW - flight activity KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Seasonal+flight+patterns+of+bark+and+ambrosia+beetles+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+in+northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Peck%2C+R+W%3BEquihua-Martinez%2C+A%3BRoss%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A greenhouse technique for assessing Phytophthora root rot resistance in Glycine max and G. soja AN - 16336153; 4266563 AB - New sources of soybean (Glycine max) resistance to Phytophthora sojae are needed to provide effective resistance because of the rapidly changing race patterns of P. sojae in fields. The objectives of our study were to develop a method to screen Glycine soja for resistance to P. sojae and then use this methodology to screen G. soja lines for resistance to P. sojae races 1, 3, and 20. An agar plug-inoculation method, in which a 3-mm-diameter mycelial plug of the fungus was placed mycelium side down on cotyledons of 10-day-old soybean seedlings, was directly compared with the traditional hypocotyl inoculation method. There was no significant difference between the hypocotyl- and plug-inoculation methods when tested on four soybean differential lines using three P. sojae races. The plug-inoculation method then was used to screen 430 G. soja accessions for resistance to P. sojae race 3. Nine G. soja accessions were retested with races 1,3 and 20. Of the 430 G. soja accessions tested, 22 accessions had survival rates higher than 75% and nine had rates higher than 90% against race 3. Additionally, five of the nine accessions that were tested again had greater than 60% survival against races 1, 3, and 20. These results suggest that the plug-inoculation method can be used as an alternative to the hypocotyl-inoculation method. Potential sources of new P. sojae resistance and/or tolerance may be present in G. soja, but additional genetic research is needed to determine if these sources are different from sources currently found in G. max. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pazdernik, D L AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AU - Hymowitz, T AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv. and Dep. Crop Sci., Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1112 EP - 1114 VL - 81 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - disease resistance KW - root rot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+greenhouse+technique+for+assessing+Phytophthora+root+rot+resistance+in+Glycine+max+and+G.+soja&rft.au=Pazdernik%2C+D+L%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H%3BHymowitz%2C+T&rft.aulast=Pazdernik&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical dynamics of the noncleidoic egg of Stephanitis pyrioides (Heteroptera: Tingidae) during development AN - 16335878; 4266184 AB - Overwintering feral eggs of the immigrant azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), and eggs laid on plants in a rearing chamber were sampled over time and measured for changes in size and weight during development. Eggs collected from both sources that were incubated in a rearing chamber were found to increase significantly in width and breadth. For eggs laid in the rearing chamber the greatest rate of change occurred between days 2 and 4 of embryo development, whereas in the feral eggs it occurred between Julian days 54 and 82. Although a cubic relationship was significant between day of embryo development and width and breadth for rearing chamber eggs, a quadratic relationship was significant between Julian day and width and breadth for feral eggs. Measured length of rearing chamber eggs did not change over time, but the length of feral eggs increased linearly with Julian day. An increase in weight of feral eggs was linearly related to Julian day and the mean weight of eggs laid in the rearing chamber was quadratically related to day of embryo development. Excised leaves with feral eggs were sampled biweekly during periods of dormancy and spring growth. It was determined that adequate moisture was present in the leaves for the embryo to complete development. Because number of days to preemergence was significantly influenced by Julian day (i.e, sampling date), the mean number of nymphs to emerge at each particular sampling day was not significantly influenced by moisture or day. The significant increase in egg width, breadth and weight indicates that the egg of S. pyrioides is noncleidoic and that the chorion is both pervious and elastic. A possible impact on voltinism is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - Bentz, J-A AD - U.S. Natl. Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1066 EP - 1072 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Azalea lace bug KW - Hemiptera KW - Lace bugs KW - development KW - eggs KW - overwintering KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16335878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Physical+dynamics+of+the+noncleidoic+egg+of+Stephanitis+pyrioides+%28Heteroptera%3A+Tingidae%29+during+development&rft.au=Neal%2C+JW+Jr%3BBentz%2C+J-A&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1066&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in adult populations of the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and feeding injury among clones of red maple AN - 16335443; 4266233 AB - Leaf flush phenology of red maple, Acer rubrum L., changes in the number of potato leafhopper adults, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and feeding injury were recorded for 2 yr for 5 different maple clones. Migratory adults started arriving between late April and early May. More insects were collected from clone 56026 than from the other 4 clones during this time. Populations peaked during 31 May-14 June. During that peak, more insects were collected from clones 60068, 56026, and 59904 than from clones 55410 and 57775. Leafhopper numbers declined thereafter. Leaf flushing (i.e., leaf growth initiation, expansion, and development) differed among clones during April. Clone 55410 was the 1st clone to show signs of leaf flushing. The order of leaf flushing from early to late was 55410 with more leaves than 57775, both followed by 59904, which in turn had more leaves than 60068 or 56026. Leaf flushing of clone 56026 occurred late in the spring. Clone 56026 suffered the most feeding injury during the growing seasons and clone 57775 showed the least feeding injury. During spring, the cumulative number of leafhoppers collected on traps was negatively correlated with the amount of leaf flushing and positively correlated with the amount of foliage injury. That is, trees with more unexpanded and young leaves had more leafhoppers and, thus, showed more feeding injury. Late in the season, the amount of feeding injury was positively correlated with the cumulative number of insects caught on traps. Early in the season, amount of feeding injury was, in part, influenced by the degree of leaf flushing. However, other tree factors appear to influence degree of feeding later in the season. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bentz, J-A AU - Townsend, A M AD - Floral & Nursery Plants Res. Unit, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1091 EP - 1095 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Cicadellids KW - Homoptera KW - Jassids KW - Leafhoppers KW - Red maple KW - Sharpshooters KW - adults KW - population dynamics KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16335443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+adult+populations+of+the+potato+leafhopper+%28Homoptera%3A+Cicadellidae%29+and+feeding+injury+among+clones+of+red+maple&rft.au=Bentz%2C+J-A%3BTownsend%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=J-A&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A GIS-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.) AN - 16334025; 4253798 AB - A geographic information system (GIS) approach was used in conjunction with forest-plot data to develop an integrated moisture index (IMI), which was then used to predict forest productivity (site index) and species composition for forests in Ohio. In this region, typical of eastern hardwoods across the Midwest and southern Appalachians, topographic aspect and position (rather than elevation) change drastically at the fine scale and strongly influence many ecological functions. Elevational contours, soil series mapping units, and plot locations were digitized for the Vinton Furnace Experimental Forest in southeastern Ohio and gridded to 7.5-m cells for GIS modeling. Several landscape features (a slope-aspect shading index, cumulative flow of water downslope, curvature of the landscape, and water-holding capacity of the soil) were used to create the IMI, which was then statistically analyzed with site-index values and composition data for plots. On the basis of IMI values for forest land harvested in the past 30 years, we estimated oak site index and the percentage composition of two major species groups in the region: oak (Quercus spp.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) plus black cherry (Prunus serotina). The derived statistical relationships were then applied in the GIS to create maps of site index and composition, and verified with independent data. The maps show the oaks will dominate on dry, ridge top positions (i.e., low site index), while the yellow poplar and black cherry will predominate on mesic sites. Digital elevation models with coarser resolution (1:24K, 1:100K, 1:250K) also were tested in the same manner. We had generally good success for 1:24K, moderate success for 1:100K, but no success for 1:250K data. This simple and portable approach has the advantage of using readily available GIS information which is time-invariant and requires no fieldwork. The IMI can be used to better manage forest resources where moisture is limiting and to predict how the resource will change under various forms of ecosystem management. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Iverson, L R AU - Dale, ME AU - Scott, C T AU - Prasad, A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 331 EP - 348 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - USA, Ohio KW - forests KW - geographic information systems KW - productivity KW - soil moisture KW - species composition KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16334025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+GIS-derived+integrated+moisture+index+to+predict+forest+composition+and+productivity+of+Ohio+forests+%28U.S.A.%29&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BDale%2C+ME%3BScott%2C+C+T%3BPrasad%2C+A&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field retention of a novel mark-release-recapture method AN - 16332043; 4266185 AB - A field cage study was conducted that compared the retention time between a novel immunolabeling mark-release-recapture marking technique with the more conventional insect marker, fluorescent dust. Commercially purchased convergent lady beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, were marked with either a rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) or a chicken IgG solution. The beetles were then released into separate field cages, recaptured daily, and assayed by both sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and direct ELISA for the presence of IgG markers. A 3rd group of convergent lady beetles were marked with dust, released into a cage, recaptured daily, and examined under a dissecting microscope for the presence of the fluorescent marker. Data indicate that IgG markers were retained much longer than fluorescent dust. Additionally, the rabbit IgG had a greater retention time than chicken IgG. The advantages of using IgG markers for mark-release-recapture studies over the current mark-release-recapture techniques are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hagler, J R AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1079 EP - 1086 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Convergent lady beetle KW - Ladybird beetles KW - capture-recapture studies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16332043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+retention+of+a+novel+mark-release-recapture+method&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using PCR distinguish Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla from other soybean fungal pathogens and to detect them in soybean tissues AN - 16330549; 4266805 AB - Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA were used to distinguish Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla isolates from other soybean fungal pathogens. Primers made to the conserved sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA amplified the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis and P. longicolla. The PCR products were cloned and then sequenced. Specific-primers, Phom. I and Phom. II, were designed from the polymorphic regions of D. phaseolorum and P. longicolla isolates from soybean to distinguish them from other soybean fungal pathogens. These ITS-derived primers amplified a 337-bp-specific DNA fragment from P. longicolla, D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, D. phaseolorum var. sojae, and Phomopsis spp. from 20 different hosts. No amplified product was observed using DNA of seven other soybean fungal pathogens or soybean DNA. The detection limit of PCR using primers Phom. I and Phom. II was 2.5 x 10 super(-7) dilution of fungal DNA extracted from samples of 10 pooled seeds and as low as a 1:15 (Phomopsis:soybean) ratio when using 10 ng of DNA per mu l from each P. longicolla and soybean. PCR did not produce products using primers Phom. I and Phom. II with DNA extracted from noninfected seeds, but specific bands were observed from samples of 10 pooled seeds and from individually infected seeds. A specific band was observed as well from DNA extracts of tissue samples from symptomless plants inoculated with P. longicolla and D. phaseolorum var. sojae. JF - Plant Disease AU - Zhang, A W AU - Hartman, G L AU - Riccioni, L AU - Chen, W D AU - Ma, R Z AU - Pedersen, W L AD - USDA/ARS and Dep. Crop Sci., 70 EASB, 1101 W. Peabody, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1143 EP - 1149 VL - 81 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16330549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Using+PCR+distinguish+Diaporthe+phaseolorum+and+Phomopsis+longicolla+from+other+soybean+fungal+pathogens+and+to+detect+them+in+soybean+tissues&rft.au=Zhang%2C+A+W%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BRiccioni%2C+L%3BChen%2C+W+D%3BMa%2C+R+Z%3BPedersen%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polygalacturonase isozymes produced by Phomopsis cucurbitae in relation to postharvest decay of cantaloupe fruit AN - 16330153; 4264829 AB - Production of polygalacturonase (PG), a cell wall-degrading enzyme, by Phomopsis cucurbitae (latent infection fungus) was studied in relation to different carbon sources and various stages of cantaloupe fruit development. P. cucurbitae produced multiple PG isozymes both in vitro and in vivo. The fungus produced the highest PG activity and the greatest number of isozymes on pectin compared with those produced on glucose, galactose, and sucrose. Eight P. cucurbitae PG isozymes (pIs 3.7, 4.2, 6.6, 7.0, 7.3, 7.5, 7.8, and 8.6) were detected in extract from inoculated mature fruit (40 days after anthesis) by isoelectric focusing. Isozyme bands with pIs of 4.2, 7.3, and 7.8 were the most prominent. A similar set of PG isozymes was produced by P. cucurbitae in autoclaved mature fruit tissue (mesocarp). When tissue discs taken from 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-day postanthesis fruit were inoculated with P. cucurbitae, PG activity and the number of PG isozymes extracted from the macerated fruit tissue discs increased with the degree of fruit maturity and ripening. Increases in PG activity and PG isozymes were also correlated with reactivation of latent infections and the beginning of tissue maceration. An anionic PG isozyme (pI 4.2) was only visualized on decayed 50-day-old fruit exocarp, as well as 40- and 50-day-old fruit mesocarp. The experimental results support the hypotheses that P. cucurbitae PG isozymes play an important role in fruit decay once latent infection becomes active following harvest. JF - Phytopathology AU - Zhang, Jiuxu AU - Bruton, B D AU - Biles, CL AD - USDA-ARS, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Lane, OK 74555, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1020 EP - 1025 VL - 87 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - fruits KW - polygalacturonase KW - post-harvest decay KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16330153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Polygalacturonase+isozymes+produced+by+Phomopsis+cucurbitae+in+relation+to+postharvest+decay+of+cantaloupe+fruit&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jiuxu%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BBiles%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jiuxu&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional hydrologic response of loblolly pine to air temperature and precipitation changes AN - 16327362; 4260650 AB - Large deviations in average annual air temperatures and total annual precipitation were observed across the southern United States during the last 50 years, and these fluctuations could become even larger during the next century. We used PnET-IIS, a monthly time-step forest process model that uses soil, vegetation, and climate inputs to assess the influence of changing climate on southern U.S. pine forest water use. After model predictions of historic drainage were validated, the potential influences of climate change on loblolly pine forest water use was assessed across the region using historic (1951 to 1984) monthly precipitation and air temperature which were modified by two general circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs predicted a 3.2 degree C to 7.2 degree C increase in average monthly air temperature, a -24 percent to +31 percent change in monthly precipitation and a -1 percent to +3 percent change in annual precipitation. As a comparison to the GCMs, a minimum climate Change scenario using a constant 2 degree C increase in monthly air temperature and a 20 percent increase in monthly precipitation was run in conjunction with historic climate data. Predicted changes in forest water drainage were highly dependent on the GCM used. PnET-IIS predicted that along the northern range of loblolly pine, water yield would decrease with increasing leaf area, total evapotranspiration and soil water stress. However, across most of the southern U.S., PnET-IIS predicted decreased leaf area, total evapotranspiration, and soil water stress with an associated increase in water yield. Depending on the GCM and geographic location, predicted leaf area decreased to a point which would no longer sustain loblolly pine forests, and thus indicated a decrease in the southern most range of the species within the region. These results should be evaluated in relation to other changing environmental factors (i.e., CO sub(2) and O sub(3)) which are not present in the current model. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - McNulty, S G AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab., 3160 Coweeta Lab. Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1011 EP - 1022 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - GCM KW - PnET-IIS KW - soil water KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Regional+hydrologic+response+of+loblolly+pine+to+air+temperature+and+precipitation+changes&rft.au=McNulty%2C+S+G%3BVose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=McNulty&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance of the parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America, a potential candidate for the biological control of the red imported fire ant in the United States AN - 16326357; 4266230 AB - Abundance of the workerless parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi) in fire ant populations was surveyed in southern and southwestern Brazil, eastern, central, and northern Argentina, western and northern Uruguay, central Paraguay, and Bolivia from 1974 to 1996. A total of 12,180 fire ant colonies was sampled from 726 collecting sites for the presence of adults or queens, or both, of the parasitic ant. The presence of the parasite in fire ant colonies within the area surveyed was very low. In Argentina, S. daguerrei occurred in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, and Entre Rios, in 1.4-7.0% of the colonies. In Brazil, the areas of Dourados, Campo Grande, and Rochedo, Mato Grosso do Sul contained 1-6.2% of parasitized colonies. In Uruguay, <1% of the colonies were parasitized. The parasite was not found in Paraguay and Bolivia. A new host (S. macdonaghi Santschi) is reported for S. daguerrei. The field site with the highest presence of S. daguerrei (7%) was selected in Buenos Aires province for ecological studies. The low presence in its native areas should not discourage the potential use of this parasite as a biological control agent of imported fire ants in the United States. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Briano, JA AU - Calcaterra, LA AU - Wojcik, D P AU - Williams, D F AU - Banks, WA AU - Patterson, R S AD - USDA-ARS South American Biol. Control Lab., Bolivar 1559 (1686) Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1143 EP - 1148 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - South America KW - USA KW - biological control KW - parasites KW - population levels KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16326357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Abundance+of+the+parasitic+ant+Solenopsis+daguerrei+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+in+South+America%2C+a+potential+candidate+for+the+biological+control+of+the+red+imported+fire+ant+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Briano%2C+JA%3BCalcaterra%2C+LA%3BWojcik%2C+D+P%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BBanks%2C+WA%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Briano&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invasibility and effects of Amur honeysuckle in southwestern Ohio forests AN - 16324995; 4253826 AB - The Asian exotic Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii [Rupr.] Herder) has become the dominant shrub in many forests in southwestern Ohio and in some other locations in the eastern United States. Our research focused on the invasibility of forest communities and relationships of L. maackii to the abundance of tree seedlings and herbs. We surveyed 93 forest stands near Oxford, Ohio (USA) to determine L. maackii cover, time since invasion, tree canopy cover, tree basal area, and a shade tolerance index. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that greater than one-half of the variation (r super(2) = 0.550) in Lonicera cover was correlated to five variables (in descending order of importance): tree canopy cover, distance from Oxford, shade tolerance index, tree basal area, and time since invasion. The results suggest that high light levels and proximity to an abundant seed source increase forest invasibility. Tree seedling density, species richness of seedlings, and herb cover were all inversely related to L. maackii cover. When Lonicera becomes abundant, future structure and composition of forests could be affected and local populations of herbs threatened. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Hutchinson, T F AU - Vankat, J L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1117 EP - 1124 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - USA, Ohio KW - forests KW - invasions KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16324995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Invasibility+and+effects+of+Amur+honeysuckle+in+southwestern+Ohio+forests&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+T+F%3BVankat%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salt transport in cracking soils: Bromide tracer study AN - 16321145; 4256917 AB - Cracking clay soils pose unique and complex water and salt management problems. Crack volumes greatly affect water and salt movement in these soils. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of crack flow on tail water quality and the contribution of crack flow to salt leaching. Our experiment was conducted on two farmers fields near Brawley, California. One field contained a nonswelling sandy loam soil and the other contained a high shrink-swell clay soil. Both fields were planted to alfalfa on shallow beds. Soil samples were taken prior to bromide treatment, after treatment, and after several subsequent irrigations. Three experiments were conducted on each soil: (1) initial bromide spike injection; (2) midstream bromide spike injection; and (3) infiltration box bromide injection. Surface water was sampled during bromide application and during subsequent irrigations. On the noncracking soil the water and salt moved to a depth of 60-75 cm. During subsequent irrigations salt was leached to deeper depths and surface waters had only small amounts of bromide. In the clay soil, water and salt rapidly filled and flowed in the soil cracks. Significant quantities of bromide were found at the 90-120 cm depths. Surface waters were laden with bromide during subsequent irrigations, and bromide was transported down the furrow by irrigation water. Traditional water and salt transport concepts for porous media are not applicable to cracking clay soils. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Shouse, P J AU - Letey, J AU - Jobes, J AU - Fargerlund, J AU - Burch, S L AU - Oster, J D AU - Rhoades, J D AU - O'Halloran, T AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 329 EP - 335 VL - 123 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Salt+transport+in+cracking+soils%3A+Bromide+tracer+study&rft.au=Shouse%2C+P+J%3BLetey%2C+J%3BJobes%2C+J%3BFargerlund%2C+J%3BBurch%2C+S+L%3BOster%2C+J+D%3BRhoades%2C+J+D%3BO%27Halloran%2C+T&rft.aulast=Shouse&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring, treating brucellosis in bison AN - 16317064; 4249119 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Olsen, S C AD - USDA-ARS Zoonotic Dis. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 18 EP - 19 VL - 45 IS - 11 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Bison KW - chemotherapy KW - reviews KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Monitoring%2C+treating+brucellosis+in+bison&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salt distributions in cracking soils and salt pickup by runoff waters AN - 16315545; 4256916 AB - Detailed measurements were made of the levels and distributions of salts present in representative soil profiles and fields and associated tailwaters in the Imperial Valley of California. The findings showed that the potential salinity-pickup hazard may be greater in this valley that is dominated by cracking soils than classical theory would predict. Salts that would otherwise be "isolated" in seedbeds or leached downward during irrigations are more "exposed to" and "picked up by" the runoff water than previously recognized as a result of the flow of the irrigation water throughout the beds and horizontally in the topsoil via the extensive network of cracks and fractures that form in the cracking soils. As a result, the pattern of salinity within the beds of such soils is one-dimensional, rather than the expected, classical two-dimensional pattern. Salt content in the tailwater associated with cracking soils was higher and sustained over longer periods of time than in the case of non-cracking soils. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Lesch, S M AU - Burch, S L AU - Letey, J AU - LeMert, R D AU - Shouse, P J AU - Oster, J D AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 323 EP - 328 VL - 123 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Salt+distributions+in+cracking+soils+and+salt+pickup+by+runoff+waters&rft.au=Rhoades%2C+J+D%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BBurch%2C+S+L%3BLetey%2C+J%3BLeMert%2C+R+D%3BShouse%2C+P+J%3BOster%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Rhoades&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute transport in simulated conductivity fields under different irrigations AN - 16314615; 4256918 AB - The interactive effect of irrigation methods and spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(s)) on solute transport was determined with the combined use of a two-dimensional deterministic solute transport model and a stochastic parameter generator. In a homogeneous K sub(s) field, the time required to infiltrate a prescribed amount of water or chemical increased from sprinkler to furrow to drip irrigation. Furrow irrigation appeared to leach the chemical more rapidly than either drip or sprinkler irrigation. Assuming the spatial distribution of K sub(s) to be a stationary stochastic process, increased spatial variability in K sub(s) reduced the infiltration rate. When K sub(s) is spatially correlated, sprinkler irrigation appeared to be less susceptible to cause ground-water contamination than furrow or drip irrigation. The concentration distributions in the uncorrelated K sub(s) field were not very different from those in the homogeneous field. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Wang, Dong AU - Yates AU - Simunek, J AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - Phys. and Pesticide Res. Unit, U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 336 EP - 343 VL - 123 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16314615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Solute+transport+in+simulated+conductivity+fields+under+different+irrigations&rft.au=Wang%2C+Dong%3BYates%3BSimunek%2C+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Dong&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungus, corn plants team up to stymie borer pest AN - 16310934; 4249204 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Lewis, L C AD - USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genet. Res. Unit, Genet. Lab., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 12 VL - 45 IS - 11 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - corn borer KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Fungus%2C+corn+plants+team+up+to+stymie+borer+pest&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New process keeps biocontrols alive longer AN - 16307873; 4245041 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Quimby, PC Jr AU - Caesar, A J AU - Zidack, N K AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Boyette, C D AD - USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agric. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 1109, Sidney, MT 59270, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 22 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - biological control KW - herbicides KW - sugars KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16307873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=New+process+keeps+biocontrols+alive+longer&rft.au=Quimby%2C+PC+Jr%3BCaesar%2C+A+J%3BZidack%2C+N+K%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Quimby&rft.aufirst=PC&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Holding soy fungi at bay AN - 16305532; 4245046 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Abney, T S AD - USDA-ARS Crop Prod. and Pest Control Res. Unit, Lilly Hall Life Sci. Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 8 EP - 9 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - plant diseases KW - plant protection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16305532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Holding+soy+fungi+at+bay&rft.au=Abney%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Abney&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glomalin - Soil's superglue AN - 16302839; 4245042 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Comis, D AU - Wright, SE AD - USDA-ARS Soil Microbial Systems Lab., Bldg. 001, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 22 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - fungi KW - glomalin KW - soil KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Glomalin+-+Soil%27s+superglue&rft.au=Comis%2C+D%3BWright%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Comis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contextual chemical ecology: Male to male interactions influence European corn borer male behavioral response to female sex pheromone in a flight tunnel AN - 16285677; 4288979 AB - The responses of European corn borer, Ostrina nubilalis (Huebner), males in a flight tunnel to sex pheromone, [11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3, Z:E)] was dependent upon the context in which the males were exposed to the stimulus. Males, held individually in isolation before being exposed to pheromone, flew upwind in the pheromone plume and landed on the pheromone source significantly more often than males caged with other males before exposure to the pheromone. When groups of males were simultaneously exposed to female sex pheromone, they responded, on a per-male basis, with significantly more upwind flights to pheromone and intense behavior near the pheromone source than did males exposed to the pheromone individually. Heightened intensity of male response in group flight was independent of whether the males were individually isolated or caged with other males before being exposed to the pheromone. The enhanced behavioral output of males responding to pheromone in groups may represent an evolutionary adaptive advantage in instances where several males are simultaneously pursuing a single calling female. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Klun, JA AU - Graf, J C AD - Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 472 EP - 477 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Grass moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Snout moths KW - adaptiveness KW - calling behavior KW - orientation KW - sex pheromone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - R 18055:Sexual behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16285677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Contextual+chemical+ecology%3A+Male+to+male+interactions+influence+European+corn+borer+male+behavioral+response+to+female+sex+pheromone+in+a+flight+tunnel&rft.au=Klun%2C+JA%3BGraf%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium burden of men and women who report regular consumption of confectionery sunflower kernels containing a natural abundance of cadmium AN - 16272169; 4258732 AB - Because of inherent genetic and physiological characteristics, the natural concentration of cadmium in the kernels of sunflowers grown in uncontaminated soils of the northern Great Plains region of the United States is higher than in most other grains. We tested the hypothesis that a habitual consumption of sunflower kernels will increase the body burden and health effects of cadmium in humans. Sixty-six men and women who reported consuming various amounts of sunflower kernels were recruited and divided by sex and kernel consumption: those who consumed less than or equal to 1 ounce(oz)/week and those who consumed more than 1 oz/week. Cadmium intake was assessed by calculation from 7-day food diaries, cadmium burden by whole blood cadmium, red blood cell (RBD) cadmium and urine cadmium concentrations, and health effects by urinary excretion of N-acetyl- beta -D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and beta sub(2)-microglobulin ( beta 2MG). The results showed that high intakes of sunflower kernels (>1 oz/day) significantly increased the intake of cadmium (p0.05). Because normal ranges for the excretion of these protein markers have not been established, it was not possible to determine if these elevated values were meaningful. However, given the knowledge that habitual consumption of sunflower kernels with natural cadmium concentrations higher than most other food products with increase the average intake of dietary cadmium, the potential exists for an increased body burden of cadmium. Controlled feeding studies in humans should be pursued in order to determine if the body burden does indeed increase and, if so, is it a cause for concern. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Reeves, P G AU - Vanderpool, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1098 EP - 1104 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Helicanthus KW - sunflower kernels KW - sunflower seeds KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16272169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cadmium+burden+of+men+and+women+who+report+regular+consumption+of+confectionery+sunflower+kernels+containing+a+natural+abundance+of+cadmium&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BVanderpool%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steaming out the Salmonella risk AN - 16265551; 4268181 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Morgan, AI AD - USDA-ARS Eng. Sci. Unit, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 16 EP - 17 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - heat treatments KW - meat KW - poultry KW - preservation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Steaming+out+the+Salmonella+risk&rft.au=Morgan%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for rapid identification of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli associated with reproductive failure AN - 16254357; 4233514 AB - Objective--To evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni from C coli as causes of reproductive failure. Procedure--Review of clinical cases of reproductive failure attributed to C jejuni or C coli. Results--A case of swine abortion was attributable to infection with C coli. The porcine abortion isolates were verified as C coli, by restriction fragment length polymorphism and multiplex PCR. Cases of endometritis in a fox and in mink caused by C jejuni were reviewed, and isolates were confirmed as C jejuni by results of the multiplex PCR. Conclusion--Multiplex PCR was useful in identifying C coli and C jejuni recovered from atypical cases of reproductive failure. Multiplex PCR in conjunction with conventional assays may be useful for verifying other unusual instances of campylobacteriosis. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Wesley, I V AU - Sanderson, T P AU - Larson, D J AU - Harmon, K M AU - Andrews, J J AU - Miskimins, D W AU - Zeman, D H AD - Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1070 EP - 1075 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - abortion KW - bioassays KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reproduction KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Application+of+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reaction+for+rapid+identification+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+and+C+coli+associated+with+reproductive+failure&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V%3BSanderson%2C+T+P%3BLarson%2C+D+J%3BHarmon%2C+K+M%3BAndrews%2C+J+J%3BMiskimins%2C+D+W%3BZeman%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1070&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pump system for improving runoff records during winter AN - 16248414; 4253531 AB - Freezing winter temperatures can cause icing of outdoor weirs used to measure surface runoff. Ice typically forms in the notch and on the crests of short-crested V-notch weirs, causing incorrect gage heights to be measured. A method for reducing the effects of ice formation on weirs and weir pools using a pump is presented and evaluated. Warmer water from the bottom of the weir pool is pumped to the surface, reducing the opportunity for the water surface to freeze. The pump is shown to work except under extremely cold conditions, improving runoff records from 27 percent to 60 percent. The pump system has no practical effect on measured gage height. Frequency distributions of flow rates and air temperatures under measured ice-free and other weir conditions are presented. Suggestions for use of the pump system under temperature conditions other than those in this study are given. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., North Appalachian Exptl. Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1023 EP - 1031 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - data acquisition KW - winter KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ice KW - Freezing KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Flow rates KW - Icing KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Weirs KW - Flow measuring equipment KW - USA, Ohio, Coshocton KW - Frequency distribution KW - Surface runoff KW - Pumps KW - Data acquisition KW - Runoff KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16248414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Pump+system+for+improving+runoff+records+during+winter&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Hydraulic structures; Icing; Ice; Flow measuring equipment; Freezing; Pumps; Watersheds; Runoff; Data acquisition; Frequency distribution; Surface runoff; Flow rates; USA, Ohio, Coshocton; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation compliance credit for winter wheat fall biomass production and implications for grain yield AN - 16239254; 4226033 AB - Producers participating in federal farm and conservation programs must reduce potential erodibility below certain thresholds on lands classified as highly erodible. The Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) will credit producers in Colorado for the quantity of green winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) biomass at the beginning of the winter period towards compliance in reducing erosion. Unfortunately, few data exist on fall winter wheat biomass production, and fall production varies widely based on many site-specific factors at planting and during the fall, and can be expensive to document. To address these problems, a crop simulation model called SHOOTGRO was used to predict the amount of green biomass present. By combining planting dates, sowing rates, and conditions of NO sub(3), NH sub(4), total water in the soil profile, and water in the seedbed layer at planting for three sites in eastern Colorado a total of 216 scenarios were simulated, both to assist NRCS in determining compliance and to better understand the dynamics of early winter wheat biomass production. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - McMaster, G S AU - Wilhelm, W W AD - G.S. McMaster, USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 358 EP - 363 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NRCS KW - SHOOTGRO KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Conservation+compliance+credit+for+winter+wheat+fall+biomass+production+and+implications+for+grain+yield&rft.au=McMaster%2C+G+S%3BWilhelm%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=McMaster&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of watershed subdivision on simulation runoff and fine sediment yield AN - 16238415; 4223662 AB - The objective of this study was to establish the subwatershed size dependency of the Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT) erosion model to adequately simulate annual runoff and fine sediment (< 0.063 mm) from the 21.3 km super(2) Goodwin Creek Watershed (GCW). Results of the GCW application show that runoff volume is not appreciably affected by the number and size of subwatersheds. However, an upper limit to subwatershed size is required to adequately simulate fine sediment yield produced from upland sources. Decreasing the size of subwatersheds beyond this threshold does not substantially affect the computed fine sediment yield. The proper identification of this threshold size can optimize input data preparation requirements and computational resources needed for effective utilization of the SWAT model, and simplify the interpretation of results. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bingner, R L AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Arnold, J G AU - Srinivasan, R AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1329 EP - 1335 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - SWAT KW - fine sediment KW - watershed subdivision KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16238415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effect+of+watershed+subdivision+on+simulation+runoff+and+fine+sediment+yield&rft.au=Bingner%2C+R+L%3BGarbrecht%2C+J%3BArnold%2C+J+G%3BSrinivasan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Bingner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognition of two new species of intestinal spirochetes: Serpulina intermedia sp. nov. and Serpulina murdochii sp. nov. AN - 16237990; 4226999 AB - On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization data, nine intestinal spirochete chains were grouped into five genospecies. Three of these genospecies were previously recognized Serpulina species, Serpulina hyodysenteriae (type strain, B78), Serpulina innocens (type strain, B256), and Serpulina pilosicoli (type strain, P43/6/78; previously "Anguillina coli"). The other two genospecies were found to be new Serpulina species, for which we propose the names Serpulina intermedia sp. nov. (with type strain PWS/A) and Serpulina murdochii sp. nov. (with type strain 56-150). S. intermedia and S. murdochii cells had a typical spirochete ultrastructure with 22 to 28 periplasmic flagella per cell. Various soluble sugars were growth substrates for S. intermedia and S. murdochii. During growth in basal heart infusion broth supplemented with fetal calf serum beneath an O sub(2)-N sub(2) (1:99) atmosphere, cells of these new species consumed oxygen and glucose and produced H sub(2), CO sub(2), acetate, butyrate, and ethanol. The G+C content of the DNA of S. murdochii 56-150 super(T) was 27 mol%, and the G+C content of the DNA of S. intermedia PWS/A super(T) was 25 mol%. In addition, a restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR assay for the detection of intestinal spirochetes was developed. The assay was based on generation and restriction endonuclease analysis (with HinfI, TaqI, Sau3A, and MboII) of a 558-bp amplicon of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) encoding 16S rRNA. The PCR amplification was specific for Serpulina species and Brachyspira aalborgi. Four restriction digest patterns were found for the five Serpulina species. HinfI restriction differentiated S. murdochii and S. innocens from the other species. Sau3A and TaqI restrictions gave unique fragment patterns for S. murdochii and S. pilosicoli, respectively. S. hyodysenteriae and S. intermedia DNAs gave the same fragment pattern regardless of the enzyme tested. B. aalborgi was differentiated from the Serpulina species by MboII digestion of the 16S rDNA amplicon. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Stanton, T B AU - Fournie-Amazouz, E AU - Postic, D AU - Trott, D J AU - Grimont, PAD AU - Baranton, G AU - Hampson, D J AU - Saint Girons, I AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1007 EP - 1012 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - intestine KW - new species KW - spirochetes KW - taxonomy KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+two+new+species+of+intestinal+spirochetes%3A+Serpulina+intermedia+sp.+nov.+and+Serpulina+murdochii+sp.+nov.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BFournie-Amazouz%2C+E%3BPostic%2C+D%3BTrott%2C+D+J%3BGrimont%2C+PAD%3BBaranton%2C+G%3BHampson%2C+D+J%3BSaint+Girons%2C+I&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water storage and precipitation storage efficiency of conservation tillage systems AN - 16237841; 4226032 AB - Surface residues associated with no-till and minimum-till fallow systems have an influence on soil water storage. Soil water storage, precipitation storage efficiency, and the relationship of soil water storage and precipitation for seasonal segments of fallow were determined for no-till (NT), minimum-till (MT), and stubble-mulch (SM) winter wheat-fallow methods. The study was conducted on a Williams Loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Typic Argiborolls) near Sidney, Montana for 8 fallow seasons. Fallow methods did not significantly influence long-term soil water storage during the after-harvest (August-October 31) or over-winter (November 1-May 1) segments because after-harvest weed control was not needed. Precipitation storage efficiencies were greatest for the over-winter segment (59%) and least for the summerfallow segment (13 to 20%). No-till and MT stored 12% (12-14 mm more) more soil water and increased precipitation storage efficiency 16% when compared to SM for the 14-month fallow season. By using fallow segment relationships of precipitation and soil water storage, producers may be able to go to more intensive cropping systems that take advantage of additional soil water. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Tanaka, D L AU - Anderson, R L AD - Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 363 EP - 367 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Montana, Sidney KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Soil+water+storage+and+precipitation+storage+efficiency+of+conservation+tillage+systems&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+D+L%3BAnderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial perspective on fiber utilization by swine AN - 16232407; 4222925 AB - Dietary fiber may contribute up to 30% of the maintenance energy needs of growing pigs. Higher energy contributions may be obtained from dietary fiber fed to sows, along with some improvements in reproduction, health, and well-being. As long as cereal grain supplies and high-quality protein supplements are abundant, the use of fibrous feeds for swine most likely will be limited. However, as the human demand for cereal grains increases, swine producers, especially those with reproductive animals, may be economically forced to incorporate alternative feedstuffs. These feedstuffs might include lignified plant cell wall material such as grasses and legumes, and feed-milling and distillery by-products that contain a high level of fiber residues. The microflora in swine large intestine will be able to adapt to these lignified forages and by-product feeds much better than the microflora in humans. Swine microflora contain highly active ruminal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial species, which include Fibrobacter succinognes (intestinalis), Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio spp., and Prevotella ruminicola. Additionally, a new highly active cellulolytic bacterium, Clostridium herbivorans, has been recently isolated from pig large intestine. The populations of these microorganisms are known to increase in response to the ingestion of diets high in plant cell wall material. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria from adult animals are approximately 6.7 times greater than those found in growing pigs. None of these highly active cellulolytic bacterial species are found in the human large intestine. Thus, the pig large intestinal fermentation of fiber seems to more closely resemble that of ruminants than that of humans. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Varel, V H AU - Yen, J T AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent., Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 2715 EP - 2722 VL - 75 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - cellulolytic bacteria KW - cellulose KW - fibers KW - intestinal microflora KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Microbial+perspective+on+fiber+utilization+by+swine&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BYen%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constant head permeameter formula dependence on alpha parameter AN - 16230933; 4223656 AB - Reliable estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity are prerequisites for accurate estimations of water flow and chemical transport through soil profiles. One useful method for evaluating the saturated hydraulic conductivity in the field (Kfs) is the constant-head well permeameter (CHWP) method. The governing equation for this test is based upon flow of water from a cylindrical hole and flow theory for unsaturated-saturated steady flow from the hole. By making assumptions concerning the flow from the well, a solution to the equation is derived which includes coefficients obtained from measurements taken during the test and two parameters related to the soil type being studied. An important parameter in this solution method is the alpha * parameter, the ratio of Kfs to the matric flux potential. Relationships are derived and presented which describe the sensitivity of the CHWP solution to variations in alpha *. Results show the solution for Kfs is most sensitive to error in the estimate of o alpha * when a* < 0.015 mm super(-1), corresponding to fine-textured and compacted clay soils. The error in Kfs introduced by poor estimates of alpha * is shown to be as large as 210%, for some cases. Thus, the current classification system used to evaluate alpha * for this test appears to be inadequate to produce reasonable estimates in Kfs. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1377 EP - 1379 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - CHWP KW - alpha parameter KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16230933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Constant+head+permeameter+formula+dependence+on+alpha+parameter&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Height growth modeling using second order differential equations and the importance of initial height growth AN - 16223527; 4212035 AB - In a study of height growth patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, we represented the height-age pattern using a second order ordinary differential equation with environmentally governed parameters. Solving a second order differential equation that has been converted to a system of two first order equations requires knowledge of, or information on, initial conditions for both state variables, height and height growth. We used the natural boundary condition, h(t=0)=0. Initial conditions for the second state variable, height growth, were estimated when fitting the equations to observations. This paper reports our research to predict the initial height growth from stem analysis data, and to assess the sensitivity of predicted height to differences in initial condition estimates. We found initial height growth to be the single most important 'parameter' to be estimated in our model. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Leary, R A AU - Nimerfro, K AU - Holdaway, M AU - Brand, G AU - Burk, T AU - Kolka, R AU - Wolf, A AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/10/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 01 SP - 171 EP - 179 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 97 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Height+growth+modeling+using+second+order+differential+equations+and+the+importance+of+initial+height+growth&rft.au=Leary%2C+R+A%3BNimerfro%2C+K%3BHoldaway%2C+M%3BBrand%2C+G%3BBurk%2C+T%3BKolka%2C+R%3BWolf%2C+A&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accounting for humidity in canopy-temperature-controlled irrigation scheduling AN - 16221663; 4211901 AB - High moisture content in the air surrounding crop canopies can reduce transpiration and increase canopy temperature (Tc) independently of soil moisture. Humid conditions can affect the accuracy of irrigation signals produced by a canopy-temperature-based irrigation scheduling procedure that uses a time threshold (TT), which is the daily summation of time above the temperature threshold (To), defined as the midpoint of the crop's optimum temperature range. Because historical crop canopy temperature data were unavailable, an energy balance model was used to simulate time threshold values for different climates. A limiting relative humidity (LRH) algorithm was added to the model to estimate whether canopy temperatures that exceed the To were affected by high humidity. The LRH was computed from Ta and Delta T, denoted as To-Twb*, where Twb* is the highest wet bulb temperature that does not increase Tc. Time periods of restricted transpiration were identified by calculating ambient relative humidity (RH) and comparing it to the LRH value. If RH>LRH, canopy temperature was assumed to be increased by a reduction in transpiration. In a humid climate the LRH criterion reduced the simulated average TT value by 27%, 51%, and 69%, respectively, for Delta T values between 3 degree C and 5 degree C. This same LRH reduced the TT values by 16%, 32% and 36%, respectively, in a semiarid climate. The LRH criterion had no effect on the average TT value in the arid climate. Estimated TT values had the lowest variability among years for a Delta T value of 4 degree C in the humid and semiarid climates. A generalized curve described the TT versus Delta T relationship across a wide spectrum of climates. The LRH procedure produced consistent adjustments to TT; however, further refinements may be needed to improve the accuracy of estimating daily TT when weather conditions are highly variable. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Upchurch AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Route 3, Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA Y1 - 1997/10/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 01 SP - 217 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16221663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+humidity+in+canopy-temperature-controlled+irrigation+scheduling&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BUpchurch&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areawide population dynamics of silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids in the lower Rio Grande valley of Texas AN - 16214655; 4274436 AB - The population dynamics of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (=sweetpotato whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype "B", [Gennadius]), and its endemic parasitoids (mostly Encarsia spp. [Aphelinidae]) were monitored in a heterogeneous cropping area, consisting of cotton, cantaloupe and kenaf (tall fiber crop). To assess the suitability of the whitefly for areawide pest management, we compared estimates of population densities using different sampling methods and determined the effects of agronomic practices on the whitefly and parasitoid populations. There was no correlation between adult SLWF estimates using sticky traps and those counted directly on the leaves. However, counts of immatures using disk subsamples were found to be good predictors of whole leaf counts. SLWF counts were low in cotton, until the harvest period of cantaloupes, which may have triggered migration from cantaloupe to cotton. The determinants of emigration from cotton were less clear. High numbers of adults were migrating well before harvest or the application of a defoliant. One likely contributing factor in triggering whitefly migration was leaf senescence. Despite rather high adult densities sampled in kenaf, populations of immature SLWF were low, suggesting that it is not a preferred host. Parasitoid populations were high in the kenaf fields, causing 20 to 80% parasitism and suggesting that kenaf could serve as a reservoir of natural enemies within a larger cropping system. Parasitism in cotton was less than that in kenaf, usually at -10 to 15%. Encarsia spp. sampled on sticky traps indicated significant activity of the adults in the cotton and kenaf fields, and much lower numbers in the cantaloupe. Because it is a dispersive and polyphagous pest, areawide suppression of SLWF must include the consequences of farming practices and cropping patterns in heterogeneous fields, especially when they are under different management. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Legaspi, BC Jr AU - Legaspi, J C AU - Carruthers, R I AU - Goolsby, J AU - Hadman, J AU - Jones, W AU - Murden, D AU - Wendel, L AD - Biol. Control Pests Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-SARL, 2413 East Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 445 EP - 459 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - USA, Texas KW - Whiteflies KW - parasitoids KW - population dynamics KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16214655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Areawide+population+dynamics+of+silverleaf+whitefly+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+and+its+parasitoids+in+the+lower+Rio+Grande+valley+of+Texas&rft.au=Legaspi%2C+BC+Jr%3BLegaspi%2C+J+C%3BCarruthers%2C+R+I%3BGoolsby%2C+J%3BHadman%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BMurden%2C+D%3BWendel%2C+L&rft.aulast=Legaspi&rft.aufirst=BC&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of trap versus ground collection of acorns to assess insect infestation AN - 16207107; 4274424 JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Perry, R W AU - Mangini, A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Hot Springs, AR 71902, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 412 EP - 415 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Coleoptera KW - Oaks KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - infestation KW - sampling KW - traps KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16207107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+trap+versus+ground+collection+of+acorns+to+assess+insect+infestation&rft.au=Perry%2C+R+W%3BMangini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of Leptospira interrogans isolates by IS1500 hybridization and PCR assays AN - 16109049; 4211093 AB - Genetic variability among Leptospira interrogans (sensu stricto) serovars was assessed by Southern blot hybridization and PCR analyses. The experiments used probes directed to sequences in a recently described insertion element, IS1500. Hybridization analysis showed that IS1500 was present on polymorphic fragments and that differences in these patterns could be used to identify serovars. Hybridization analysis was also useful in discriminating between serovar pomona type kennewicki isolates, making possible the identification of 15 previously unrecognized genetic groups. A PCR assay was developed in which the primers are positioned near the terminal inverted repeats of the element and directed outward. This assay yielded characteristic amplification patterns from isolates, allowing them to be identified. We applied these assays to several new animal isolates of L. interrogans from Nicaragua, which recently had an outbreak of human leptospirosis. Three groups of isolates were identified: one strain of serovar pomona type kennewicki and two genetically distinct groups of isolates which may be genetic intermediates between serovars canicola and portlandvere. The IS-based typing assays described should be useful for epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Bolin, CA AD - Leptospirosis Reference Cent., Zoonotic Dis. Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 2612 EP - 2617 VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - insertion sequence IS1500 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - hybridization analysis KW - Leptospira interrogans KW - leptospirosis KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+Leptospira+interrogans+isolates+by+IS1500+hybridization+and+PCR+assays&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BBolin%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira interrogans; hybridization analysis; polymerase chain reaction; leptospirosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ELISA Immunoassay Kits as a Complement to HPLC Analysis of Imazapyr and Triclopyr in Water Samples from Forest Watersheds AN - 1439227987; 18618819 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Fischer, J B AU - Michael, J L AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, DeVall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA, US Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 611 EP - 618 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Contamination KW - Water sampling KW - Water Analysis KW - triclopyr KW - Water Sampling KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Liquid Chromatography KW - ELISA KW - Toxicology KW - HPLC KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Water samples KW - Immunoassays KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439227987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Use+of+ELISA+Immunoassay+Kits+as+a+Complement+to+HPLC+Analysis+of+Imazapyr+and+Triclopyr+in+Water+Samples+from+Forest+Watersheds&rft.au=Fischer%2C+J+B%3BMichael%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900523 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HPLC; Water samples; ELISA; Watersheds; Immunoassays; Toxicology; High-performance liquid chromatography; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; triclopyr; Forests; Water sampling; Contamination; Water Analysis; Water Sampling; Liquid Chromatography; Forest Watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900523 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteinase-mediated insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. AN - 79288624; 9295279 AB - Two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant strains of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, lack a major gut proteinase that activates Bt protoxins. The absence of this enzyme is genetically linked to larval survival on Bt-treated diets. When considered with previous data supporting the existence of receptor-mediated insect resistance to Bt, these results provide evidence that insect adaptation to these toxins occurs through multiple physiological mechanisms, which complicate efforts to prevent or manage resistance to Bt toxins in insect control programs. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Oppert, B AU - Kramer, K J AU - Beeman, R W AU - Johnson, D AU - McGaughey, W H AD - United States Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, Kansas 66502-2736, USA. bso@ksu.edu Y1 - 1997/09/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Sep 19 SP - 23473 EP - 23476 VL - 272 IS - 38 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Intestines -- enzymology KW - Larva -- enzymology KW - Hydrolysis KW - Male KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Moths -- enzymology KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Bacterial Proteins -- toxicity KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- chemistry KW - Moths -- genetics KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79288624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Proteinase-mediated+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxins.&rft.au=Oppert%2C+B%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BBeeman%2C+R+W%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-09-19&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=23473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ethanol concentration and stripping temperature on continuous fermentation rate AN - 910655054; 15667361 AB - The operation of a pilot plant consisting of a 14-l fermentor, 10-cm packed column and condenser for continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol was stable for more than 100days. The feed consisted of a non-sterile solution of 560g/l glucose with 100g/l corn steep water. Fouling of the packing in the column with attached growth of yeast cells was controlled by in situ washing at intervals of 3-6days. A computer simulation of the pilot plant was developed and used to analyze the data. The productivity of the continuous fermentor varied from 14g ethanol to 17g ethanol l super(-1) h super(-1). The yield was equal to the maximum theoretically possible: 0.51g ethanol/g glucose consumed. Results are fit to linear models for the effects of ethanol concentration on specific growth rate and cell yield, and for the effect of stripping temperature on specific growth rate. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Taylor, F AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Goldberg, N AU - Craig Jr, JC AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Tel.: (215) 233 6501 Fax: (215) 233 6795, US, ftaylor@arserrc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 311 EP - 316 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Fouling KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Packing KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/910655054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ethanol+concentration+and+stripping+temperature+on+continuous+fermentation+rate&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BCraig+Jr%2C+JC&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fouling; Growth rate; Temperature effects; Mathematical models; Data processing; Fermentation; Glucose; Packing; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase extraction method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticides in wildlife urine. AN - 79280095; 9293028 AB - A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of nine organochlorine pesticides in wildlife urine is described. Reversed-phase solid-phase extraction is utilized to extract the organochlorine pesticides from urine. The pesticides are recovered by elution with hexane-ethyl ether (1:1) and quantified by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Method detection limits range from 1.4 to 2.7 micrograms/L. Mean recoveries for all pesticides are 90.6%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Petty, E E AU - Johnston, J J AU - Volz, S A AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC/National Wildlife Research Center, Analytical Chemistry Section, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 430 EP - 434 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Dogs KW - Carnivora -- urine KW - Quality Control KW - Animals, Wild -- urine KW - Pesticide Residues -- urine KW - Insecticides -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79280095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+extraction+method+for+the+quantitative+analysis+of+organochlorine+pesticides+in+wildlife+urine.&rft.au=Petty%2C+E+E%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BVolz%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Petty&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidant injury in PC12 cells--a possible model of calcium "dysregulation" in aging: I. Selectivity of protection against oxidative stress. AN - 79251597; 9282950 AB - Previous research has suggested that the initial effects of cellular free radical neurotoxic insult involve large increases in intracellular Ca2+. However, the exact role of oxidative stress on the various parameters involved in these increases has not been specified. The present experiments were performed to examine these parameters in PC12 cells exposed to 5, 25, or 300 microM H2O2 for 30 min in growth medium alone or containing either nifedipine (L-type Ca2+ antagonist), conotoxin (N-type antagonist), Trolox (vitamin E analogue), or alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (nitrone trapping agent; PBN). The concentrations of H2O2 were chosen by examining the degree of cell killing induced by exposure to graded concentrations of H2O2. The 5 and 25 microM concentrations of H2O2 produced no significant cell killing at either 30 min or 24 h after treatment, whereas the 300 microM concentration produced a moderate degree of cell killing that did not increase between the two times. Fluorescent imaging was used to visualize intracellular Ca2+ changes in fura-2-loaded cells. Baseline (pre-30 mM KCl) Ca2+ levels were increased significantly by H2O2 treatment (e.g., 300 microM, 200%), but the rise in the level of free intracellular Ca2+ after KCl stimulation (i.e., peak) was decreased (e.g., 300 microM, 50%) and the cell's ability to sequester or extrude the excess Ca2+ (i.e., Ca2+ recovery time) after depolarization was decreased significantly. All compounds prevented baseline Ca2+ increases and, with the exception of conotoxin, antagonized the peak decreases in Ca2+. It is interesting that after 300 microM H2O2 exposure, only Trolox was partially effective in preventing these deficits in recovery. Conotoxin increased the decrement recovery in the absence of H2O2. However, in cells exposed to 5 or 25 microM H2O2, conotoxin as well as the other agents were effective in preventing the deficits in recovery. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Joseph, J A AU - Strain, J G AU - Jimenez, N D AU - Fisher, D AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1252 EP - 1258 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Chromans KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Nifedipine KW - I9ZF7L6G2L KW - 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid KW - S18UL9710X KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nifedipine -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Chromans -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Models, Neurological KW - Time Factors KW - PC12 Cells KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79251597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidant+injury+in+PC12+cells--a+possible+model+of+calcium+%22dysregulation%22+in+aging%3A+I.+Selectivity+of+protection+against+oxidative+stress.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BStrain%2C+J+G%3BJimenez%2C+N+D%3BFisher%2C+D&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers. AN - 79249499; 9276881 AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of a superactivated charcoal (SAC) in alleviating mycotoxicosis, two experiments were conducted in which 432 male broiler chicks (216 per experiment) were fed diets containing 4 mg aflatoxin (AF) or 6 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet, with and without 0.5% SAC, from 1 to 21 d of age. Feeding AF and T-2 toxin significantly decreased BW gain over the 21-d experimental period. Inclusion of SAC in the diet containing AF resulted in BW gains that were intermediate between gains of chicks fed AF and those of controls. No benefits were seen in BW gain when SAC + T-2 toxin was fed. Feeding AF increased relative weights of liver, spleen, and kidney; however, only liver weight in Experiment 1 was similar to controls when SAC was included. Of the blood parameters altered by AF (decreased cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and increased mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit in Experiment 1; decreased albumin and total protein, and increased creatine kinase in Experiment 2) only urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and inorganic phosphorus (Experiment 1) and hematocrit (Experiment 2) were comparable to controls when SAC was included in the diet. Feeding T-2 toxin decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, urea nitrogen, and mean corpuscular volume; however, only cholesterol and mean corpuscular volume were improved with the addition of SAC (Experiment 1). Oral lesions were observed in birds fed T-2 toxin with no difference in severity when SAC was added in Experiment 1, however in Experiment 2, birds fed SAC + T-2 had a significantly lower lesion scores than those fed T-2 alone. Mortality was noted in both experiments but was not influenced by SAC treatment. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary SAC is marginally effective in alleviating some of the toxic affects associated with AF, but was of little benefit when T-2 toxin was fed to growing broiler chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1205 EP - 1211 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Charcoal KW - 16291-96-6 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.3.2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Administration, Oral KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Mouth Diseases -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mouth Diseases -- veterinary KW - Mouth Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Creatine Kinase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Incidence KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Charcoal -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - T-2 Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Charcoal -- therapeutic use KW - Mycotoxicosis -- etiology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79249499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+superactivated+charcoal+on+the+toxic+effects+of+aflatoxin+or+T-2+toxin+in+growing+broilers.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidant injury in PC12 cells--a possible model of calcium "dysregulation" in aging: II. Interactions with membrane lipids. AN - 79248922; 9282951 AB - In a model recently developed to study the parameters altering vulnerability to oxidative stress, it was shown via image analysis that H2O2-exposed PC12 cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ (baseline), decreases in K+-stimulated Ca2+ levels (peak), and decreased poststimulation Ca2+ clearance (recovery). The present experiments were performed to determine if the response patterns in these parameters to oxidative stress would be altered after modification of membrane lipid composition induced by incubating the PC12 cells with 660 microM cholesterol (CHL) in the presence or absence of 500 microM sphingomyelin (SPH) before low (5 microM) or high (300 microM) H2O2 exposure. Neither CHL nor SPH had synergistic effects with high concentrations of H2O2 on baseline. However, CHL in the presence or absence of SPH reversed the effect of low concentrations of H2O2 on baseline. SPH decreased significantly the cell's ability to clear excess Ca2+ in the presence or absence of H2O2 and increased significantly the level of conjugated dienes (CDs). It is surprising that in the cells pretreated with CHL, the CD levels were not significantly different from controls. However, in the presence of SPH, the effects of CHL on CDs were altered. These results suggest that the ratios of membrane lipids could be of critical importance in determining the vulnerability to oxidative stress and Ca2+ translocation in membranes. This may be of critical importance in aging where there is increased membrane SPH and significant loss of calcium homeostasis. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Denisova, N A AU - Strain, J G AU - Joseph, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, U.S.A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1266 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Membrane Lipids KW - 0 KW - Phospholipids KW - Sphingomyelins KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Sphingomyelins -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sphingomyelins -- pharmacology KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Cholesterol -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Models, Neurological KW - Homeostasis KW - PC12 Cells KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Membrane Lipids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79248922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidant+injury+in+PC12+cells--a+possible+model+of+calcium+%22dysregulation%22+in+aging%3A+II.+Interactions+with+membrane+lipids.&rft.au=Denisova%2C+N+A%3BStrain%2C+J+G%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ingestion by men of a combined dose of beta-carotene and lycopene does not affect the absorption of beta-carotene but improves that of lycopene. AN - 79247508; 9278568 AB - A double-blind study was conducted in 10 healthy men to investigate serum beta-carotene and lycopene responses after ingestion of individual and combined doses of beta-carotene (BC) and lycopene. On each dosing day, a baseline blood sample was drawn, followed by an oral dose of 0.11 mmol (60 mg) of either all-trans BC or all-trans lycopene or by a combined oral dose of 0.11 mmol each. Subjects were tested with each of the three doses. The dose type was randomized. Blood (10 mL) was drawn at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 24 h after dosing. At 2 and 4 wk after the first dose, the protocol was repeated with the other doses. After ingestion of the BC dose, serum BC concentrations significantly decreased from baseline at 1 and 3 h followed by a continuous increase from baseline that was significant at 12 and 24 h (P < 0.01). Serum lycopene concentrations significantly increased from baseline at 5 h after the lycopene dose (P < 0.008) and returned to baseline thereafter. Ingestion of a combined dose of BC and lycopene resulted in a significant increase in serum concentrations of both BC and lycopene at 24 h (P < 0.05). The 24-h area under the curve (AUC) for BC was not different when BC was ingested alone or with lycopene, whereas the 24-h AUC for lycopene was significantly greater when lycopene was ingested with BC than when ingested alone (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that ingestion of a combined dose of BC and lycopene has little effect on the absorption of BC but improves that of lycopene in men. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Johnson, E J AU - Qin, J AU - Krinsky, N I AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1833 EP - 1837 VL - 127 IS - 9 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Drug Combinations KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - lycopene KW - SB0N2N0WV6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Interactions KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Area Under Curve KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Male KW - beta Carotene -- administration & dosage KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carotenoids -- blood KW - beta Carotene -- blood KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carotenoids -- administration & dosage KW - beta Carotene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- blood KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79247508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Ingestion+by+men+of+a+combined+dose+of+beta-carotene+and+lycopene+does+not+affect+the+absorption+of+beta-carotene+but+improves+that+of+lycopene.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+J%3BQin%2C+J%3BKrinsky%2C+N+I%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and T-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol in broiler chicks. AN - 79244477; 9276886 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 5 mg T-2 toxin (T-2)/kg of diet, or 15 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) from naturally contaminated wheat were evaluated in two studies in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 19 or 21 d of age in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 18 to 20% by FB1, 18% by T-2, 2% by DON, 32% by the FB1 and T-2 combination, and 19% by the FB1 and DON combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Mortality ranged from none for the controls to 15% for the FB1 and T-2 combination. Relative weights of the liver and kidney were significantly increased by FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were increased in chicks fed FB1 with or without T-2 or DON. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were increased in chicks fed FB1 at 300 mg/kg alone and in combination with T-2 or DON, indicating possible tissue damage and leakage of the enzymes into the blood. Results indicate additive toxicity when chicks were fed diets containing 300 mg FB1 and 5 mg T-2/kg of diet and less than additive toxicity when chicks were fed 300 mg FB1 and 15 mg DON/kg of diet. Of importance to the poultry industry is the fact that toxic synergy was not observed for either of these toxin combinations and the likelihood of encountering FB1 at this concentration in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions with additional stress factors, the toxicity of these mycotoxins could be altered to adversely affect the health and performance of poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Casper, H H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1239 EP - 1247 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Drug Combinations KW - Fumonisins KW - Serum Albumin KW - Trichothecenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Gizzard, Avian -- anatomy & histology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Organ Size KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Male KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - T-2 Toxin -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- adverse effects KW - Triticum -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - T-2 Toxin -- pharmacology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - T-2 Toxin -- adverse effects KW - Trichothecenes -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79244477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+T-2+toxin+or+deoxynivalenol+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BCasper%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swine wastewater treatment by media filtration. AN - 79230115; 9269085 AB - A media filter was constructed to treat swine wastewater after anaerobic lagoon treatment. The media filter consisted of a tank (1.5-m-diameter x 0.6-m-height) filled with marl gravel. The marl gravel had a carbonate content of 300 g kg-1. Gravel particle size distributions were 85 and 14% in the 4.7- to 12.7-mm and 12.7- to 19-mm size classes, respectively. Pore space of the filtration unit was 57%. Wastewater flow rate was 606 L m-2 d-1, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) load was 198 g m-2 d-1. The media filter removed 54% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) content after one cycle, but increased cycling did not produce additional COD reduction. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal after one cycle was 50% of initial levels, and additional cycling reduced TSS levels at a much lower rate of 7% per cycle. Removal efficiencies for total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 37% to 52% (one to four cycles), but long-term phosphorus removal would be limited by the sorption capacity of the gravel. Up to 24% of TKN was converted to nitrate-plus-nitrite-N (NO3+NO2-N). Effluents with high NO3+NO2-N levels can be treated further for denitrification with constructed wetlands or anaerobic lagoon. This is important in cases where land is limited for wastewater application. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Szögi, A A AU - Humenik, F J AU - Rice, J M AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 831 EP - 843 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Waste Products KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Swine KW - Filtration KW - Waste Management -- methods KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79230115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Swine+wastewater+treatment+by+media+filtration.&rft.au=Sz%C3%B6gi%2C+A+A%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BRice%2C+J+M%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Sz%C3%B6gi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water. AN - 79225483; 9269082 AB - False positive responses on an atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurrences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (> 0.20 microgram L-1) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Watts, D W AU - Novak, J M AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 659 EP - 671 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79225483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+atrazine+positive+and+false+positive+immunoassay+detections+in+ground+water.&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+W%3BNovak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Woody and herbaceous competition effects on the growth of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines through 11 years AN - 755140501; 13669922 AB - Four levels of vegetative competition were used to quantify the growth of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in naturally regenerated, even-aged stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, USA. Treatments included: (1) no competition control, (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. After pines became established from natural seeding, herbicides were used to control herbaceous plants for 4 consecutive years and woody plants for 5 consecutive years. Even though 89% of crop pines on untreated check plots were free-to-grow 11 years after establishment, crop pines on vegetation control plots were larger (P<0.001) in mean dbh, total height, and volume per tree. From age 5 through 11 years, crop pine diameter growth increased on woody control plots and decreased on herbaceous control plots because of hardwood competition in the latter treatment. At age 11, crop pine volume production averaged 207 m super(3)/ha on total control plots, 158 m super(3)/ha on herbaceous control plots, 130 m super(3)/ha on woody control plots, and 102 m super(3)/ha on untreated check plots. JF - New Forests AU - Cain, Michael D AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, 71656-3516, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 107 EP - 125 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Growth rate KW - Growth KW - Pinus taeda KW - Forests KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Herbicides KW - USA, Southeast KW - Q5 01501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755140501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Woody+and+herbaceous+competition+effects+on+the+growth+of+naturally+regenerated+loblolly+and+shortleaf+pines+through+11+years&rft.au=Cain%2C+Michael+D&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006512721318 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Growth; Forests; Herbicides; Pinus taeda; USA, Arkansas; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006512721318 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mound complex in Louisiana at 5400-5000 years before the present AN - 52673778; 1997-069301 JF - Science AU - Saunders, Joe W AU - Mandel, Rolfe D AU - Saucier, Roger T AU - Allen, E Thurman AU - Hallmark, C T AU - Johnson, Jay K AU - Jackson, Edwin H AU - Allen, Charles M AU - Stringer, Gary L AU - Frink, Douglas S AU - Feathers, James K AU - Williams, Stephen AU - Gremillion, Kristen J AU - Vidrine, Malcolm F AU - Jones, Reca Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1796 EP - 1799 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC VL - 277 IS - 5333 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - Holocene KW - artifacts KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - dates KW - carbon KW - absolute age KW - Louisiana KW - horizons KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - charcoal KW - pedogenesis KW - archaeology KW - Quaternary KW - humates KW - mounds KW - luminescence KW - organic compounds KW - archaeological sites KW - Watson Brake Site KW - C-14 KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52673778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+mound+complex+in+Louisiana+at+5400-5000+years+before+the+present&rft.au=Saunders%2C+Joe+W%3BMandel%2C+Rolfe+D%3BSaucier%2C+Roger+T%3BAllen%2C+E+Thurman%3BHallmark%2C+C+T%3BJohnson%2C+Jay+K%3BJackson%2C+Edwin+H%3BAllen%2C+Charles+M%3BStringer%2C+Gary+L%3BFrink%2C+Douglas+S%3BFeathers%2C+James+K%3BWilliams%2C+Stephen%3BGremillion%2C+Kristen+J%3BVidrine%2C+Malcolm+F%3BJones%2C+Reca&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5333&rft.spage=1796&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SCIEAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; archaeological sites; archaeology; artifacts; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; charcoal; dates; Holocene; horizons; humates; isotopes; Louisiana; luminescence; mounds; organic compounds; organic materials; pedogenesis; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; soils; United States; Watson Brake Site ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New piecewise-continuous hydraulic functions for modeling preferential flow in an intermittent-flood-irrigated field AN - 50139929; 2000-010539 AB - Modeling water flow in macroporous field soils near saturation has been a major challenge in vadose zone hydrology. Using in situ and laboratory measurements, we developed new piecewise-continuous soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions to describe preferential flow in tile drains under a flood-irrigated agricultural field in Las Nutrias, New Mexico. After incorporation into a two-dimensional numerical flow code, CHAIN_2D, the performance of the new piecewise-continuous hydraulic functions was compared with that of the unimodal van Genuchten-Mualem model and with measured tile-flow data at the field site during a number of irrigation events. Model parameters were collected/estimated by site characterization (e.g., soil texture, surface/subsurface saturated/unsaturated soil hydraulic property measurements), as well as by local and regional-scale hydrologie monitoring (including the use of groundwater monitoring wells, piezometers, and different surface-irrigation and subsurface-drainage measurement systems). Comparison of numerical simulation results with the observed tile flow indicated that the new piecewise-continuous hydraulic functions generally predicted preferential flow in the tile drain reasonably well following all irrigation events at the field site. Also, the new bimodal soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions performed better than the unimodal van Genuchten-Mualem functions in terms of describing the observed flow regime at the field site. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Bowman, R S AU - Hendrickx, J M H AU - van Genuchten, M T Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 2049 EP - 2063 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - soils KW - tile drains KW - numerical models KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - capillarity KW - New Mexico KW - preferential flow KW - irrigation KW - computer programs KW - CHAIN 2D KW - retention KW - Las Nutrias New Mexico KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50139929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=New+piecewise-continuous+hydraulic+functions+for+modeling+preferential+flow+in+an+intermittent-flood-irrigated+field&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BBowman%2C+R+S%3BHendrickx%2C+J+M+H%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01701 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 78 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - capillarity; CHAIN 2D; computer programs; data processing; field studies; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; irrigation; Las Nutrias New Mexico; New Mexico; numerical models; preferential flow; retention; soils; tile drains; United States; unsaturated zone; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01701 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from perennial grass hosts after passage through wheat AN - 17131633; 4432627 AB - Eleven isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from smooth brome, western wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Altai wildrye, basin wildrye, and an Agropyron cross were passed through wheat five times using detached leaf inoculations. Lesion length, which was used as a measure of adaptation and aggressiveness, did not increase after passage through wheat. When the wheat-isolate check was removed from the analyses, the cultivar x isolate interactions were nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity among the original isolates and isolates passed through wheat. Inoculation of wheat seedlings in a glasshouse confirmed the results obtained with the detached leaf inoculations. These isolates showed no progressive adaptation to wheat and no significant change in their aggressiveness. This indicates that since most isolates from perennial grass hosts produce small lesions on wheat and do not easily adapt to wheat, they apparently would not cause severe symptoms on wheat. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Northern Great Plains Res. Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1041 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - lesions KW - passage KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Stability+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+from+perennial+grass+hosts+after+passage+through+wheat&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of Stagonospora nodorum isolates obtained from wheat in the northern Great Plains AN - 17102169; 4401346 AB - Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum, obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected in fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat and found to be pathogenic. Differences among isolates chosen at random were detected in the first phase of the inoculations. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity, as measured by lesion size, were selected in phase two. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity were statistically differentiated in phase three. The ability of isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. The differences among isolates detected with detached leaf experiments was confirmed with glasshouse inoculations of seedling wheat plants. The high aggressive isolates consistently produced higher symptom severity on wheat seedlings, as measured by percentage necrosis, than low aggressive isolates. Cultivars were consistently differentiated with isolates associated with different levels of aggressiveness. With unselected isolates, the cultivar x isolate interaction was nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity. With high and low aggressive isolates, the cultivar x isolate interaction was significant. Considering that the magnitude of the mean squares for interactions were rather low compared to the main effects, it is speculated either that specificity is detected with the present isolates but only at a low level, or that specificity is apparent only when isolate extremes are tested. With studying isolates in phases rather than random comparisons, fungal isolates associated the high and low aggressiveness can be identified and, once identified, isolates from different hosts or geographical areas can be compared in an efficient and meaningful manner. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1027 EP - 1031 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - leaves KW - lesions KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+obtained+from+wheat+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggressiveness of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from perennial grasses on wheat AN - 17099648; 4401347 AB - Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from 13 perennial grasses were tested on detached wheat leaves. Grass isolates that were consistently associated with large or small lesions were statistically differentiated. Some grass isolates were detected that were associated with large lesions on wheat (high symptom severity), but most isolates produced small lesions (mild level of symptom severity). The ability of grass isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity, as measured by lesion length, was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. Grass isolates that were associated with high symptom severity were found to be similar to selected wheat isolates in their level of aggressiveness. Results were confirmed with inoculations of seedling wheat plants in the glasshouse. Wheat cultivars were statistically differentiated from one another with all types of isolates. The cultivar X isolate interactions were, generally, not significant with unselected isolates, indicating a low possibility of specificity. In contrast, when isolates associated with large and small lesions were compared, the cultivar X isolate interaction was significant in most experiments, but the magnitude of the mean square for the interaction was low compared to the mean squares of the main effects. The ability of S. nodorum to infect perennial grasses would improve the likelihood of survival of this fungus between wheat crops. Because most isolates are not associated with severe symptom severity, their potential effect on wheat is probably less than would be expected considering the potential number of isolates available from the grasses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AD - Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1032 EP - 1036 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - grasses KW - lesions KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Stagonospora nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aggressiveness+of+Stagonospora+nodorum+isolates+from+perennial+grasses+on+wheat&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of photoperiod on tuber production in various races of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) AN - 16539697; 4409906 AB - The potential for asexual reproduction through production of tubers was evaluated in various races of an International Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] germplasm collection. Interrace comparisons were made under both shortday and longday photoperiods in environmental growth chambers. All the races evaluated produced rates varying from 91-7182 tubers per sq m of production under shortday conditions. Tuber production occurred under longday photoperiods in several races. Under proper temperature conditions, all the monoecious races currently established in the U.S. appear capable of tuber production throughout the year. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Steward, K K AD - USDA/ARS Aquatic Plant Management Laboratory Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 57 EP - 42 VL - 354 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - aquatic plants KW - asexual reproduction KW - hydrilla KW - photoperiods KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Photoperiods KW - Population characteristics KW - Temperature KW - Aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Aquatic weeds KW - Asexual reproduction KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Influence+of+photoperiod+on+tuber+production+in+various+races+of+hydrilla+%28Hydrilla+verticillata%29&rft.au=Steward%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asexual reproduction; Aquatic weeds; Population characteristics; Photoperiods; Aquatic plants; Temperature; Population dynamics; Freshwater weeds; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of RT-PCR for indexing avocado sunblotch viroid AN - 16531595; 4389461 AB - A method for the routine detection of avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) in nucleic acid extracts of infected avocado tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed using ASBVd-specific primers. Amplified cDNA products were analyzed by electrophoresis on nondenaturing 6% polyacrylamide slab gels. The size of the major RT-PCR product from ASBVd-infected tissue was estimated to be 250 bp. This product was absent from amplified extracts of uninfected tissue. The amplification product from ASBVd was sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method, and the sequence was over 97% identical to the published sequence. The RT-PCR assay is sensitive enough to allow viroid detection without requiring large amounts of tissue, highly purified ASBVd, or molecular hybridization. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schnell, R J AU - Kuhn, D N AU - Ronning, C M AU - Harkins, D AD - USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1023 EP - 1026 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - viroids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Application+of+RT-PCR+for+indexing+avocado+sunblotch+viroid&rft.au=Schnell%2C+R+J%3BKuhn%2C+D+N%3BRonning%2C+C+M%3BHarkins%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schnell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of bialaphos and phosphinothricin on plant regeneration from long- and short-term callus cultures of Gladiolus AN - 16471498; 4414030 AB - Callus was initiated from in vitro-grown plants of Gladiolus cultivars `Jenny Lee' and `Florida Flame.' The age of callus used for regeneration of plants was either 9 mo. old or 8 yr old from `Jenny Lee,' and 4 mo. old from `Florida Flame.' Regeneration medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l (9.3 mu M) kinetin. This medium was supplemented with various concentrations of either bialaphos (Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan) or phosphinothricin (Hoechst-Roussell, Frankfurt, Germany). Bialaphos was more effective than phosphinothricin at stimulating plant regeneration. Plants regenerated from 8-yr-old callus of `Jenny Lee' only when the regeneration medium was supplemented with 0.10 mg/l bialaphos. A bialaphos concentration of 0.01 mg/l stimulated regeneration from 9-mo.-old callus of cultivar `Jenny Lee' and 4-mo.-old callus of `Florida Flame.'. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Kamo, K AU - Van Eck, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum, Agricultural Research Service, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A, Room 238 BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 180 EP - 183 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - bialaphos KW - callus culture KW - phosphinothricin KW - regeneration KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16471498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Effect+of+bialaphos+and+phosphinothricin+on+plant+regeneration+from+long-+and+short-term+callus+cultures+of+Gladiolus&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K%3BVan+Eck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of minimal bactericidal and effective antibiotic treatment concentrations for bacterial contaminants from micropropagated strawberries AN - 16466514; 4414039 AB - Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined for 16 bacterial strains isolated from strawberry runners. Bacteria were treated with single antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, gentamicin, and dihydrostreptomycin; and with combinations of two or three antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, and gentamicin. Combinations of the three antibiotics (12) were effective with all bacteria tested and were then used to treat contaminated plantlets. Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Jucunda inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or Pseudomonas corrugata were grown for 1 wk, then treated with combinations of Timentin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. Antibiotic treatments were 100% effective in eliminating P. corrugata from `Jucunda,' but only 23% of the plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were freed of the bacteria. Phytotoxicity was observed only at high antibiotic concentrations. Detection of bacteria from treated plants was most effective after one subculture, as antibiotics continued to inhibit bacterial growth on detection medium immediately after treatment. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Tanprasert, P AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 227 EP - 230 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - antibiotics KW - contaminants KW - micro propagation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16466514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Determination+of+minimal+bactericidal+and+effective+antibiotic+treatment+concentrations+for+bacterial+contaminants+from+micropropagated+strawberries&rft.au=Tanprasert%2C+P%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Tanprasert&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoextraction of cadmium and zinc from a contaminated soil AN - 16422913; 4320945 AB - To identify populations with the ability to accumulate heavy metals, approximately 300 accessions pertaining to 30 plant species were grown for 4 wk in hydroponic media that approximated the nutrient and heavy metal composition of a soil contaminated with moderate levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). The results indicated that several Brassica spp. exhibited moderately enhanced Zn and Cd accumulation. Selected accessions of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, B. napus L., and B. rapa L. were then grown in pots with heavy metal-contaminated soil to compare the Zn and Cd phytoextraction by these species to that of Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl, a known Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator, and two grass species, Agrostis capillaris L. and Festuca rubra L. The three Brassica spp. were the most effective in removing Zn from the contaminated soil, primarily because they produced more than 10 times the shoot biomass produced by T. caerulescens. When the soil was amended with Gro-Power, a commercial soil amendment that improves soil structure and fertility, removal of Zn by plant shoots doubled to more than 30 000 mg Zn pot super(-1) (4.5 kg). The results suggest that for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils to be successful, a strategy should be considered that combines rapid screening of plant species possessing the ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals with agronomic practices that enhance shoot biomass production and/or increase metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Lasat, M M AU - Brady, D J AU - Cornish, J AU - Gordon, R AU - Kochian, LV AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1424 EP - 1430 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phytoextraction+of+cadmium+and+zinc+from+a+contaminated+soil&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BLasat%2C+M+M%3BBrady%2C+D+J%3BCornish%2C+J%3BGordon%2C+R%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of epiphyte removal efficiency from submersed aquatic plants AN - 16361517; 4259015 AB - Three independent methods were used to quantify the efficiency of a mechanical agitation technique for the removal of epiphytes from four submersed macrophyte species. Time course samples were collected for epiphytic chlorophyll, dry weight, and algal and diatom cell counts following cumulative agitation periods of 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Statistically identical removal efficiencies were found for all macrophyte host species. Mean removal time for over 88% removal efficiency was 40 plus or minus 6 s. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Zimba, P V AU - Hopson AD - USDA-ARS, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 173 EP - 179 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - methodology KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophyll KW - Statistical analysis KW - Diatoms KW - Substrate preferences KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Submergence KW - Algae KW - Aquatic plants KW - Cleaning KW - Methodology KW - Macrophytes KW - Epiphytes KW - K 03068:Algae KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16361517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+epiphyte+removal+efficiency+from+submersed+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BHopson&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophytes; Interspecific relationships; Substrate preferences; Statistical analysis; Aquatic plants; Diatoms; Submergence; Epiphytes; Methodology; Cleaning; Algae; Chlorophyll ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a sucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides AN - 16329261; 4264980 AB - A sucrase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The cloned enzyme did not show dextransucrase or sucrose phosphorylase activity. HPLC and GC-MS analyses of the sucrase products indicated the presence of fructose and glucose in equimolar amounts. IPTG induction did not increase sucrase activity in E. coli indicating that the cloned gene may be transcribed from its own promoter. To our knowledge, this is the first sucrase cloned from L. mesenteroides that has invertase activity. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Holt, S M AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61601, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 903 EP - 907 VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - cloning KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16329261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+sucrase+from+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides&rft.au=Holt%2C+S+M%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric analysis of conidia of fungi isolated from soybean vascular tissue AN - 16327607; 4264746 AB - Flow cytometry was used to characterize isolates of Phalophora gregata using the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide-stained conidia. The isolates differed in their mean fluorescence intensity, ranging from 100.0 to 129.7 arbitrary units (AU). When the number of fluorescent events was plotted against intensity of fluorescence, a single peak was observed. Fluorescent patterns of Acremonium isolates from soybean vascular tissue were compared with those of P. gregata. Their mean fluorescence intensity ranged from 76.4 to 88.0 AU. With some of these isolates, multiple peak histograms were observed, corresponding to multiple spore sizes as well as single and double nucleated conidia. Using flow cytometry, we were able to distinguish P. gregata isolates from those of Acremonium, based on mean fluorescence intensity and/or the presence of multiple peaks. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium-iodide stained conidia of Phialophora isolates should prove to be useful for determining the relative DNA content of different isolates collected from different geographic areas. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Gourmet, C AU - Gray, LE AU - Rayburn, AL AD - USDA/ARS, 238 EASB, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 405 EP - 408 VL - 145 IS - 8-9 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - conidia KW - flow cytometry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+conidia+of+fungi+isolated+from+soybean+vascular+tissue&rft.au=Gourmet%2C+C%3BGray%2C+LE%3BRayburn%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Gourmet&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control and plant diseases - A new paradigm AN - 16321205; 4254421 AB - Words are the symbols with which we think. Therefore, our thoughts are profoundly influenced by how we define our words. The definitions that we give words constitute 'mini-paradigms' which encapsulate ideas. These 'mini-paradigms' if precisely defined can facilitate concise thinking. If poorly defined, our understanding becomes muddled. A variety of definitions have been presented for 'biological control' in plant pathology. Earlier definitions took their roots in entomology where the emphasis in biological control is on the use of predaceous or parasitic organisms. More recent definitions of biological control of plant diseases have emphasized the use of biological processes and products, as well as organisms as biological control agents. Initially, plant pathologists adopted the entomologist's classical definition of biological control which involves, 'the actions of parasites, predators, and pathogens in maintaining another organism's density at a lower average that would occur in their absence.' This narrow 'one on one' (organism vs organism) definition of biological control limits us from thinking of 'biological control systems' which would include interactions of biocontrol agents with the pest, environment, and disease process. In an attempt to broaden the biological control concept for entomology, Barbosa and Braxton have expanded the definition of biological control to include 'Parabiological Control' as a manipulation of the pest or the pest's resources to favor control of a pest. A fundamental difference exists between the objects to be controlled by entomologists and plant pathologists. Entomologists are targeting primarily an organism (the insect), while plant pathologists are targeting a process (the disease), as well as the organism (pathogen). Strategies for controlling the disease process (therapy) can differ from those used to control the pathogen. Gabriel and Cook have proposed that the many methods of pest and disease control be divided simply into biological, physical, and chemical. They include the use of natural or modified organisms, genes, or gene products (delivered by organisms) in their definition. A distinction is made between chemicals 'delivered' by living organisms and chemicals 'extracted' from living organisms, the former being biological control and the latter being chemical control according to their view. Definitions are both inclusive and exclusive. The clarity with which distinctions are made between that which is included and that which is excluded is the key to a good definition. Also, the inclusiveness and exclusivity of a definition affects relationships among the components of a definition and the subsequent evolution of scientific thought. For example, if genetic resistance is not considered biological control, scientists and concepts in biological control and genetic resistance will evolve independently. As we gain deeper insight into biological control systems for plant diseases, it becomes apparent that a broader definition of biological control is required to encompass the complex interactions that occur. In our studies of yeast antagonists that control postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables, we have discovered that the mode of action is mediated both by the antagonist and the host. In the classical sense certain antagonistic yeasts attach to the pathogen and degrade their cell walls. They also compete at the wound site with the pathogen for space and nutrients. It has also been found that yeasts antagonistic to postharvest pathogens can 'turn on' host defense reactions to disease, such as defensive enzymes and anatomical barriers. In order for a definition of biological control to include these phenomena, it would have to include the host response to disease, as well as the 'one on one' interaction of the antagonist and pathogen. I would like to present a definition of biological control of plant diseases that is more inclusive than previous definitions. My purpose in doing this is to create a paradigm which does not exclude all the elements which are involved in naturally occurring biological control systems. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Wilson, CL AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneyville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 158 EP - 159 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - plant diseases KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+and+plant+diseases+-+A+new+paradigm&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of the mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) by a combination of immunofluorescence and capillary electrophoresis AN - 16317369; 4255257 AB - The specificity of antibodies has been combined with the speed and resolving power of capillary electrophoresis for application to the analysis of the mycotoxin fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)). The assay was based upon the competition between unlabeled FB sub(1) (i.e. from a sample) and a fluorescein-labeled FB sub(1) reagent (FB sub(1)-FL). The FB sub(1)-FL was prepared by derivatizing FB sub(1) with fluorescein isothiocyanate and was purified with affinity columns consisting of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against fumonisins (clone P2A5-3-F3) coupled to agarose. The purified FB sub(1)-FL was subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis. Addition of purified MAb to FB sub(1)-FL before separation resulted in the formation of a complex (MAb times FB sub(1)-FL) with resulting quenching of fluorescence and decrease in the intensity of the FB sub(1)-FL peak. When unlabeled FB sub(1) was also added to the reaction mixture the FB sub(1) and FB sub(1)-FL competed for the limited amount of antibody present causing the FB sub(1)-FL peak to increase in direct proportion to the amount of unlabeled FB sub(1) present. Fumonisin standards could be analyzed with this technique with a total analysis time of 6 min, 2 min of which was required for washing the capillary between analyses. The concentration of unlabeled FB sub(1) required to obtain 50% of the maximum fluorescence (IC sub(50)) was highly dependent upon the antibody concentration and ranged from 58 to 4170 ng ml super(-1) at 15-75 mu g ml super(-1) of antibody. The optimum performance was seen with 25-50 mu g ml super(-1) of antibody, with IC sub(50)'s between 500 and 1700 ng ml super(-1) of FB sub(1). The technique was applied to a limited number of corn samples spiked with high levels of FB sub(1) (> 10 ppm). This technology holds considerable promise for the rapid analysis of mycotoxins in foods. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Maragos, C M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 147 EP - 157 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - gel electrophoresis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - mycotoxins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+the+mycotoxin+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+by+a+combination+of+immunofluorescence+and+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial selection strategies that enhance the likelihood of developing commercial biological control products AN - 16314954; 4254415 AB - Research interest in utilizing microorganisms to create a microbial environment suppressive to plant pathogens has increased exponentially in recent years. Despite intense interest in developing biological control agents, relatively few antagonists have achieved 'commercial product' status. The fact that such a small proportion of active laboratory antagonists are developed into biological control products is partly due to several features common to microbial selection strategies that are widely utilized to obtain putative biological control agents: (a) relatively few candidate microorganisms are tested; (b) microbes are selected based on the results of an assay that does not replicate field conditions; and (c) the amenability of microbes to commercial development is excluded as a selection criterion. Selection strategies that enhance the likelihood of developing commercial biological control products are described. These include making appropriate choices regarding the pathosystem for biological control, the method of microbe isolation, and the method of isolate characterization and performance evaluation. A model system of developing a biological control product active against Gibberella pulicaris (Fries) Sacc. (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel), the primary causal agent of Fusarium dry rot of stored potatoes, is used to illustrate the proposed selection strategy concepts. The crucial importance and methodology is described, of selecting strains with enhanced potential for commercial development based on a strain exhibiting both favorable growth kinetics and bioefficacy when grown in commercially feasible liquid media. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Schisler, DA AU - Slininger, P J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 172 EP - 179 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - microorganisms KW - plant diseases KW - reviews KW - selection KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16314954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+selection+strategies+that+enhance+the+likelihood+of+developing+commercial+biological+control+products&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alginate prill formulation of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f. sp. erythroxyli for biocontrol of Erythroxylum coca var. coca AN - 16313903; 4251961 AB - A rice alginate prill formulation of isolate EN-4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli, pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca), was evaluated in greenhouse and field studies for its ability to enhance pathogen populations in the soil and cause disease in coca. The formulation was applied to four different soil types in the greenhouse at 33.6 kg ha super(-1). It enhanced the population of EN-4 in each soil and most (> 90%) of the fungal population remained in the upper 5 cm of soil during the 49-day experiment. When applied in field experiments, the formulation enhanced the population of EN-4 in the soil. Isolate EN-4 was present in the upper 7.6 cm of soil 28 days after application at populations similar to those in the greenhouse studies (1 x 10 super(3) to 1 x 10 super(4) colony-forming units (CFUs)/g of soil). Elevated populations of the pathogen (1 x 10 super(2) CFUs/g of soil) were still present in treated soils 229 days after application of the formulation. The areas used for field studies were already infested with the pathogen and typically developed high levels of fusarium wilt within 2 years of planting with coca. The formulated F. oxysporum began having a significant effect on plant death 100-200 days after application based on repeated measures analysis. These data suggest that a formulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli which enhances the incidence of fusarium wilt in coca fields can be produced using established techniques. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Bailey, BA AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Strem, M AU - Darlington, L C AU - Lumsden, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, Room 275, Building 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 423 EP - 435 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginate KW - biological control KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=An+alginate+prill+formulation+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+Schlechtend%3AFr.+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+for+biocontrol+of+Erythroxylum+coca+var.+coca&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BHebbar%2C+K+P%3BStrem%2C+M%3BDarlington%2C+L+C%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically-based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases AN - 16313309; 4254418 AB - Recently, biological control has been advanced as an alternative to synthetic fungicides and considerable success in laboratory and pilot scale tests has been realized utilizing antagonistic microorganisms to control postharvest diseases. Several antagonistic yeasts and bacteria have been isolated and shown to have a broad spectrum of activity against a number of postharvest pathogens on a variety of fruit. However, for biological control methods to emerge as an economically viable option, their consistency and efficacy in controlling postharvest decay needs to be enhanced to a level comparable to that of synthetic fungicides. This could be possible through an integrated strategy that exploits the additive and synergistic effects of different biological approaches. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - El-Ghaouth, A AD - USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 160 EP - 162 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - post-harvest decay KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biologically-based+alternatives+to+synthetic+fungicides+for+the+control+of+postharvest+diseases&rft.au=El-Ghaouth%2C+A&rft.aulast=El-Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing nutritional conditions for the liquid culture production of effective fungal biological control agents AN - 16312051; 4254420 AB - Spores of fungal pathogens of weeds and insects are unique in their ability to actively infect and kill their pest host. While these capabilities are advantageous in terms of their use as a contact biological control agent, or biopesticide, they also require special consideration during spore production. Directed approaches to medium optimization must consider not only spore yield but also spore qualities such as desiccation tolerance, stability as a dry preparation, and biocontrol efficacy. Nutritional conditions during culture growth and sporulation should direct the accumulation of appropriate endogenous reserves so that newly formed spores possess these advantageous qualities. Studies with the bioherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum truncatum and with the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus have demonstrated the impact of nutrition on spore 'fitness' for use as a biological control agent. The optimization strategy used in these nutritional studies as well as a comparison of the results are presented. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 180 EP - 187 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - biological control KW - liquid culture KW - nutrient status KW - reviews KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Optimizing+nutritional+conditions+for+the+liquid+culture+production+of+effective+fungal+biological+control+agents&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biological Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial deletion of transposon Tn4560 integrated into the genome of Streptomyces tendae AN - 16310598; 4254965 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing experiments were done to determine whether all of Tn4560, a Streptomyces transposon, integrated into the genomes of three nikkomycin nonproducing mutants. A deletion of 279 bases occurred at one end of Tn4560 while present in the genome of one of the mutants. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Engel, P AU - Lax, A R AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 225 EP - 228 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - DNA KW - deletion KW - hybridization analysis KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - transposon Tn4560 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Partial+deletion+of+transposon+Tn4560+integrated+into+the+genome+of+Streptomyces+tendae&rft.au=Engel%2C+P%3BLax%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine sorption at the field scale in relation to soils and landscape position AN - 16289020; 4299765 AB - Understanding the spatial variation of herbicide sorption in soils is important in determining the potential for leaching at the field scale. Our objectives were to determine the spatial variability of atrazine sorption (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) at the field scale and to relate sorption partition coefficients (K sub(d)) to landscape position and soil survey map units. Atrazine sorption was measured on 241 surface samples from a 6.25-ha field using batch-equilibration methods. Field-scale variability in atrazine sorption coefficients was described using spherical semivariograms. Less than 20% of the total semivariance in atrazine K sub(d) values was found at lag distances < 10 m, indicating there was relatively little variability at this scale. Multiple regression analyses using pooled data revealed that atrazine sorption was influenced by soil organic C, pH and, to a lesser extent, soil clay. We also evaluated the relationship of atrazine sorption to landscape position and soil series. Less atrazine was sorbed by soils from upland shoulder slopes than by soil in level and depressional areas (potholes). Soils from foot slope and back slope lundscape positions were intermediate in atrazine sorption. The magnitude of atrazine sorption by soils in different landscape positions was also related to variations in soil organic C content, pH, and clay content. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Novak, J M AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cambardella, CA AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1271 EP - 1277 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Atrazine+sorption+at+the+field+scale+in+relation+to+soils+and+landscape+position&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCambardella%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation and bark beetle dynamics AN - 16268358; 4267942 AB - Bark beetle populations may undergo dramatic fluctuations and are often important pests in coniferous forests. Their dynamics are thought to be primarily driven by factors affecting the resistance of the host tree to attack, i.e., bottom-up forces, while natural enemies are usually assigned a minor role in these systems. I present behavioral experiments that suggest that the clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius may be an important source of mortality for the bark beetle Dendroctonus frontalis during attack of the host tree, and determine the nature of the functional response of T. dubius under conditions close to natural. I also examine the numerical response of T. dubius to large-scale fluctuations in D. frontalis density, and the relationship between bark beetle population trends and predator density, and find that beetle populations tend to decline when predator densities are high. Combined with the effects of clerid larvae on bark beetle broods, these results suggest that top-down forces generated by natural enemies could also be an important component of bark beetle dynamics. The implications of these results for bark beetle dynamics are discussed in relation to the prolonged life-cycle of clerid beetles. JF - Oecologia AU - Reeve, J D AD - Southern Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 48 EP - 54 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Checkered beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - population dynamics KW - predation KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Predation+and+bark+beetle+dynamics&rft.au=Reeve%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term effects of ambient and enhanced UV-B on moss (Fontinalis neomexicana) in a mountain stream AN - 16263127; 4244918 AB - We examined the influence of UV-B radiation on Fontinalis neomexicana by comparing the growth of moss under four light regimes (90% PAR- ambient UV radiation, UV-B enhanced treatment, and two controls) applied to both an open and a shaded section of West Saint Louis Creek (2,850 m a.s.l.). Clear Plexiglas shields and FS 40 sunlamps were used to block UVR or enhance UV-B irradiance. Sunlamps increased UV-B irradiance above ambient levels by an average of 15% during clear skies and 40% under cloudy conditions. This increase was equivalent to 428.7 Einst/m super(2)-day in the open and 136.7 Einst/m super(2)-day in the shade. After 70 days, enhanced levels of UV-B had no effects on the growth of F. neomexicana in the shade. However, moss in the enhanced treatment in the open had a lower biomass (19.57 mg cm super(-2)) than moss growing under ambient conditions (28.47 mg cm super(-2)). We were unable to conclusively determine the effects of ambient levels of UV radiation (UVR) on F. neomexicana. It is, however, worth noting that clouds reduced the potential maximum amount of solar radiation striking the stream bottom from 7 hrs to an average of 3.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs per day in the open and to approximately 45 min to 20 min per day in the shade (sunflecks). Our results suggest that a 15% to 40% increase in UV-B may have a harmful impact on this moss. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Rader, R B AU - Belish, T A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Range and Forest Experiment Stn., 222 South 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 395 EP - 403 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Hornworts KW - Mosses KW - U.V. radiation KW - biomass KW - growth KW - streams KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04630:Bryophytes/pteridophytes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16263127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Short-term+effects+of+ambient+and+enhanced+UV-B+on+moss+%28Fontinalis+neomexicana%29+in+a+mountain+stream&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BBelish%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of road ripping in restoring infiltration capacity of forest roads AN - 16253669; 4239595 AB - Many forest roads are being closed as a step in watershed restoration. Ripping roads with subsoilers or rock rippers is a common practice to increase the infiltration capacity of roads before closure. When considering the effectiveness of ripping for reducing runoff and erosion and the potential reduction in slope stability by saturating road fills, it is important to know how ripping changes the infiltration capacity of forest roads. Hydrographs from simulated rainfall on 1 x 1 m plots were analyzed to find the saturated hydraulic conductivity, an indicator of infiltration capacity. I examined saturated hydraulic conductivity for three treatments on two different soils. One road was built in a soil derived from the metamorphic belt series geology of northern Idaho, a soil noted for its high rock fragment content. The second road was built in a sandy soil derived from decomposed granitics of the Idaho batholith. On each soil, five plots were installed on a road before ripping, and nine plots were installed on the same road segment following ripping, four covered with a heavy straw mulch and five without. Three half-hour rainfall events with intensities near 90 mm/hr were simulated on each plot. Results show that ripping increases hydraulic conductivities enough to reduce risk of runoff but does not restore the natural hydraulic conductivity of a forested slope. The unripped road surfaces had hydraulic conductivities in the range of 0-4 mm/hr, whereas ripped roads were in the range of 20-40 mm/hr after the second event. Surface sealing and tilled soil subsidence processes are important in reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the soils with repeated wetting. Subsidence appears to be important on the granitic soil, whereas surface sealing was more important on the belt series soil. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Luce, CH AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. Intermountain Res. Stn., 1221 S. Main, Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 265 EP - 270 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - environmental restoration KW - forests KW - roads KW - water infiltration KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16253669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+road+ripping+in+restoring+infiltration+capacity+of+forest+roads&rft.au=Luce%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Luce&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential sampling for adult coccinellids in wheat AN - 16249582; 4239036 AB - Adult aphidophagous coccinellids are important predators of cereal aphids in wheat in the Great Plains of the United States for which sampling methods are needed to facilitate improved management. An equation relating the mean number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) in a wheat field to its variance was obtained using Taylor's power law. A sequential sampling procedure was developed to estimate the number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) with constant average statistical precision (standard error/mean). The procedure was constructed by an equation relating the number of adult coccinellids per m super(2) to the number of adult coccinellids per minute of counting incorporating into the Taylor's power law relationship. The procedure involves conducting a series of 1-min counts while walking through a field at a constant velocity of 10 m per minute. After each 1-min count sequential sampling stop-lines are consulted to determine if the specified level of precision has been achieved. Two methods, a statistical procedure and comparison with independent data, were used to assess the consistency with which the specified level of precision was achieved by the procedure. Results indicated that observed precision was close to that specified by the user over a wide range of adult coccinellid density. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Elliot, N C AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - French, B W AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 267 EP - 273 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - USA KW - adults KW - sampling KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Sequential+sampling+for+adult+coccinellids+in+wheat&rft.au=Elliot%2C+N+C%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BFrench%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stopping erosion with gypsum and PAM AN - 16249456; 4239376 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab., 1196 Soil Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 18 EP - 20 VL - 45 IS - 9 KW - PAM KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Stopping+erosion+with+gypsum+and+PAM&rft.au=Norton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil microbial diversity: Present and future considerations AN - 16243807; 4233716 AB - Microbes are the most diverse group of soil organisms, yet very little is known about them. Until recently, research has focused on those organisms that are culturable; however, a wealth of information is now being collected from both culturable and, as yet, unculturable organisms. Functions of the soil microbial population impact many soil processes and, therefore, productivity. Without microbes and their functions, there would be no other life forms. A greater understanding of soil microbial ecology can only benefit land management decisions. These organisms are the basis for transformations that enable life to continue; thus, knowledge of their interactions, roles, and functions are vital to our understanding of soils and sustainability. Our objective was to assess the areas of current soil microbiological research that will most influence future research. New research methods involving molecular techniques will extend our understanding of taxonomic and functional diversity in soil systems. The development of molecular techniques for microbial identification, coupled with traditional methods are promising areas for continued research. The application of this type of information is limitless, as are the avenues of exploration. Agricultural science, and its impact on agricultural and environmental policy, will benefit from this expanding knowledge base. JF - Soil Science AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Gewin, V L AD - USDA--Land Management & Water Conservation Research Unit, 217 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-642, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 407 EP - 617 VL - 162 IS - 9 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - diversity KW - microorganisms KW - soil KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+microbial+diversity%3A+Present+and+future+considerations&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+A+C%3BGewin%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal distributions of parasitoids of Mexican Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) within the canopies of fruit trees AN - 16232990; 4224268 AB - In Veracruz State, Mexico, the temporal and spatial distributions of 5 species of parasitic Hymenoptera attacking larvae of 5 Anastrepha species in 7 species of fruit tree canopies were examined. Parasitism by Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (Braconidae), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Braconidae), and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) was higher in 3 of 4 significant cases in the lower portions of the canopies. U. anastrephae was more abundant in the interior of canopies (2 cases), whereas D. areolatus was more common in the margins (1 case). In 6 of 7 instances the mean sizes of fruits containing parasitoids were smaller than those of infested fruits without parasitoids. U. anastrephae attacked larvae in a narrow range of smaller host-fruit species relative to other parasitoids. The efficiency (proportion of larvae attacked in a fruit) of D. longicaudata compared to that of other parasitoids increased with fruit size. D. longicaudata may be better able to locate or attack hosts in larger fruits. In all of 17 instances there were on average more host larvae in fruits containing parasitoids than in fruits without parasitoids. In all of 18 significant instances the larval density (larvae per gram weight of fruit) was higher in fruits that contained parasitoids than in fruits that did not. Parasitism by D. areolatus, Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck), D. longicaudata, and U. anastrephae often changed over time during the fruiting period, but was as likely to decrease as increase. D. areolatus had a pattern of decreasing parasitism during the fruiting periods of individual trees as the season changed from rainy to dry. There were only a few instances of significant relationships between parasitism and local differences in the canopy with respect to fruit numbers, host numbers, and host density. In 2 instances there were significant negative relationships between parasitism caused by the commonly cooccurring D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. In 2 other cases, parasitism by D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata was positively correlated. D. longicaudata is a recent introduction to Mexico and the positive relationships may indicate a niche overlap not present between the 2 native species, D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. Fewer than expected numbers of fruits containing both D. areolatus and U. anastrephae together was further evidence of niche differences. This pattern did not occur in fruits containing D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata. Information on the distribution of parasitoids at levels ranging from within canopies to across regions may guide biological control efforts, allowing the match of candidate species to locations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Sivinski, J AU - Aluja, M AU - Lopez, M AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 604 EP - 618 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Canopies KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Hymenoptera KW - Mexico KW - Phenology KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+distributions+of+parasitoids+of+Mexican+Anastrepha+species+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+within+the+canopies+of+fruit+trees&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J%3BAluja%2C+M%3BLopez%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of microsclerotial inoculum of Colletotrichum truncatum encapsulated in wheat flour-kaolin granules AN - 16231781; 4223278 AB - Maintaining adequate viability of microorganisms in products for biocontrol is critically important for commercial reasons. Microsclerotia (MS) of the mycoherbicide agent, Colletotrichum truncatum, are its hardy, over-wintering fungal structures. Microsclerotial inoculum at 2, 7, and 23 MS/granule were matrix-encapsulated in wheat flourkaolin granules ('Pesta'), in which the flour provided gluten for the matrix and a food base for the fungus. Pesta granules were dried to a water activity of 0.18-0.29. After storage for 52 weeks at 25 degree C, granules containing 7 and 23 MS were 100% viable and granules with 2 MS were 95% viable. Granules with 7 MS were 50% viable after 36 weeks at 35 degree C. Pesta granules (440 granules/g) with conidial inoculum at 3.3 x 10 super(5) c.f.u./g were less storage-stable than granules at the 2 MS /granule level. At all MS inoculum levels, granules stored for up to 2 years produced 10 super(8) c.f.u./g in vitro when incubated on water agar. High water activity was detrimental to long-term viability. In the greenhouse, 7 MS/granule samples controlled 94% of hemp sesbania when incorporated into the soil pre-planting. The strategy of encapsulation of the naturally stable C. truncatum MS and drying to a favourable water activity led to excellent shelf-life for a live biocontrol agent. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Jackson, MA AU - Williams, K S AU - Boyette, C D AD - Southern Regional Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 549 EP - 554 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - flour KW - granules KW - kaolin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16231781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Stability+of+microsclerotial+inoculum+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum+encapsulated+in+wheat+flour-kaolin+granules&rft.au=Connick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BWilliams%2C+K+S%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Connick&rft.aufirst=WJ&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Helicobacter and Arcobacter: Potential human foodborne pathogens? AN - 16229446; 4227269 AB - Helicobacter pylori is associated with human gastric ulcers and gastric cancer; it has been detected in water, but not in foods. Arcobacter, a newly described Campylobacter-like organism, has been associated with cases of livestock abortion and human enteritis. Arcobacter spp. have been detected in water, cattle, swine, poultry, and ground pork products. This article reviews the evidence for considering Helicobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp., especially Arcobacter butzleri, as emerging foodborne pathogens. JF - Trends in Food Science & Technology AU - Wesley, I V AD - USDA, ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 293 EP - 299 VL - 8 IS - 9 SN - 0924-2244, 0924-2244 KW - abortion KW - cancer KW - enteritis KW - food-borne diseases KW - reviews KW - ulcers KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Helicobacter+and+Arcobacter%3A+Potential+human+foodborne+pathogens%3F&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=09242244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spring emergence by larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): A hedge against high-risk conditions AN - 16229254; 4224259 AB - Temperature-dependent thermal responses of postdiapause eggs of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.), one of the earliest spring emergent caterpillars in eastern North America, were described from a laboratory study of the effects of constant temperature on larval emergence from egg masses collected weekly and a field study of emergence of the 1st larva per egg mass (H sub(0)) and subsequent daily emergence of larvae from egg masses on host trees in Maryland. Cumulative weekly increases in thermal units decreased the time of H sub(0) of field-collected eggs incubated at controlled temperatures but had no effect on the lower larval development threshold (T sub(b)). The number of larvae emerging daily from egg masses held at controlled temperatures was temperature-dependent, asynchronous, and indicated that diapause of the pharate larva was terminated before 31 January. For 3 consecutive years, the H sub(0) among annually deposited egg masses on the same tree was asynchronous, several days lapsing between the 1st and last H sub(0). The daily rate of emergence among individual egg masses on the same tree also was asynchronous. The number of days to estimated median larval emergence (E sub(50)) was variable, and the length of larval emergence averaged 12 plus or minus 1.2 d. Daily emergence appears to be relatively independent of temperature. Thus, reducing the risk of mortality of early instars from late winter storms by asynchronous emergence in early spring is a behavior that is apparently random and appears to be under genetic control. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - Chittams, J L AU - Bentz, J-A AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 010 A, 1300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 596 EP - 603 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Eastern tent caterpillars KW - Emergence KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tent caterpillar moths KW - Tent caterpillars KW - USA, Maryland KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spring+emergence+by+larvae+of+the+eastern+tent+caterpillar+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lasiocampidae%29%3A+A+hedge+against+high-risk+conditions&rft.au=Neal%2C+JW+Jr%3BChittams%2C+J+L%3BBentz%2C+J-A&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for multi-stand management based on structural attributes of individual stands AN - 16217129; 4209474 AB - A growing interest in managing forest ecosystems calls for decision models that take into account attribute goals for large forest areas while continuing to recognize the individual stand as a basic unit of forest management. A dynamic, nonlinear forest management model is described that schedules silvicultural treatments for individual stands that are linked by multi-stand management constraints. A growth model useful for many eastern forest types accounts for stand dynamics resulting from cutting decisions. This modeling approach provides a framework for coordinating management goals over many stands while meeting the practical need for stand-level cutting prescriptions. An example problem demonstrates how to measure the tradeoff between economic efficiency and tree species diversity. Dimension limits and solver efficiency are discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Miller, G W AU - Sullivan, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 261 EP - 271 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Model+for+multi-stand+management+based+on+structural+attributes+of+individual+stands&rft.au=Miller%2C+G+W%3BSullivan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A note on the development and use of pesticides AN - 16121201; 4225403 AB - The pesticides that are developed and used in the future will emerge against the backdrop of the externalities associated with the use of pesticides and government policies designed to control these externalities. In the final analysis, farmers' choices on pesticides will be influenced by the prevailing costs and benefits of pesticides and their alternatives. Additionally, three areas that serve potentially to impact pesticide use which in turn will affect the development of new pesticides include pesticide regulation, the management of ecologically-based systems, and consumer demand for `green' products. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Uri, N D AD - Natural Resources and Environment Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Rm 428, 1301 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 57 EP - 74 VL - 204 IS - 1 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Government policies KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pesticides KW - Environment management KW - Legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=A+note+on+the+development+and+use+of+pesticides&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Agrochemicals; Cost-benefit analysis; Government policies; Legislation; Environment management; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures AN - 16119289; 4210187 AB - Several members of the crucifer family (Brassicaceae), including white mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), brown mustard [B. juncea (L.) Coss], black mustard [B. nigra (L.) Koch], leafy turnip (B. campestris L.), rapeseed (B. napus L.), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) were examined for their potential as allelopathic green manure crops. Hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. Ex A. W. Hill] germination and fresh weight was inhibited by chopped leaf tissues of all green manures tested, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), when added to a sandy loam soil. Wheat seed germination was inhibited only by B. nigra, B. hirta, and L. sativum, although none of the treatments reduced fresh weight of germinated seedlings. The major volatiles released by chopped plants were determined by solid-phase microextraction sampling and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatiles included allyl isothiocyanate (allyl-ITC), 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate (benzyl-ITC), cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and trans-2-hexenal. These compounds, together with methyl-ITC (methyl-ITC), beta -phenylethyl-ITC, benzaldehyde, beta -ocimene, and alpha -farnesene were tested for inhibition of seed germination of several crop and weed species when applied as volatiles. Of these, allyl-ITC and methyl-ITC were the most inhibitory, completely inhibiting the germination of all species at a headspace gas concentration of 1 ppm in airtight glass containers. Selecting mustard green manures that release high levels of allyl-ITC would appear to be optimal for allelopathic activity, and plants that produce high levels of benzyl-ITC also appear promising. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Boydston, R A AD - Bioactive Agents Res., USDA, ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 2107 EP - 2116 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Mustards KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - weed control KW - Brassicaceae KW - seed germination KW - allelochemicals KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile+allelochemicals+released+by+crucifer+green+manures&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBoydston%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassicaceae; allelochemicals; seed germination; weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of whole-cell antigens of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) AN - 16103627; 4204435 AB - To identify and compare immunodominant antigens in whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris. Animals - Sera from naturally infected and vaccinated channel catfish. Procedures - Whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris were compared, and antigens were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigens were identified by staining, western blotting, and specific monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins. Western blotting was performed, using sera from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with naturally acquired F columnaris infection and sera from channel catfish vaccinated with an experimental prototype F columnaris vaccine. Results - Whole-cell lysates of pressure and formalin-killed F columnaris shared 4 proteins: 100, 80, 66, and 60 kd. The 60-kd antigen was a glycoprotein. Western blotting, using sera from naturally infected channel catfish, revealed the same proteins for pressure- and for malin-killed F columnaris. Sera from vaccinated fish reacted only to pressure-killed lysate antigens. Conclusions - Pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris whole-cell lysates share 100-, 80-, 66-, and 60- kd proteins and are recognized by antibodies from naturally infected catfish and those vaccinated with formalin-killed F columnaris. Formalin treatment modifies or inactivates the 60-kd protein antigens, rendering them unrecognizable to antibodies from channel catfish naturally infected with F columnaris, suggesting that formalin-killed F columnaris may not be suitable for use as a bacterin against columnaris disease. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Bader, JA AU - Klesius, PH AU - Vinitnantharat, S AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 985 EP - 988 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - fish diseases KW - formaldehyde KW - husbandry diseases KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - pressure KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Flexibacter columnaris KW - antigens KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16103627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+whole-cell+antigens+of+pressure-+and+formalin-killed+Flexibacter+columnaris+from+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29&rft.au=Bader%2C+JA%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BVinitnantharat%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; vaccines; fish diseases; pressure; husbandry diseases; antigens; Flexibacter columnaris; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health issues in aquaculture. AN - 79565128; 9501378 AB - The authors address the public health issues associated with the consumption of aquacultural products using numerous examples from the United States of America. As with other foods, public health risks exist but these mostly involve open water environments or products which are consumed raw or undercooked. Unlike wild fisheries, inland aquaculture systems can minimise public health risks by proper site evaluation and good aquacultural practices. Responsible use of pesticides and therapeutants can prevent violative residues to assure product safety and wholesomeness. The implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point regulations will further enhance the preventive approach to hazards control. The most challenging public health risks arise from shellfish production in open, surface waters, where both naturally-occurring and trace environmental residue contaminants can bioaccumulate in tissues and may cause disease outbreaks (and, in severe cases, death). Water quality certification programmes and field surveillance efforts including product sampling, testing and monitoring can address critical safety criteria. This paper focuses primarily on public health risks associated with production: however, the fact that consumer risks also occur as a result of the processing of aquacultural products and that foodborne diseases arise additionally from unsanitary handling or preparation and storage at incorrect temperatures (as is the case for food products from other animals) must also be taken into consideration. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Jensen, G L AU - Greenlees, K J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Education and Extension Service, Washington, DC 20250-2220, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 641 EP - 651 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - Parasitic Diseases -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Marine Toxins -- adverse effects KW - Shellfish KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects KW - Water Pollution, Chemical KW - Legislation, Food KW - Virus Diseases -- etiology KW - Metals, Heavy -- adverse effects KW - Public Health KW - Aquaculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aquaculture -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79565128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Public+health+issues+in+aquaculture.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+G+L%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk and the food safety chain: animal health, public health and the environment. AN - 79563991; 9501344 AB - Food safety related to the consumption of animal-derived protein encompasses a wide variety of production and processing procedures which begins with the farm and inputs to the animals on the farm (e.g. feed and water) and includes the environment in which animals are reared. Hazards may be physical, artificial or naturally-occurring chemicals, organisms which cannot reproduce outside a specified life-cycle (e.g., parasites such as tapeworm in pigs) or viruses. Other microbes reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals as well as on the surface of food and in the environment. Methods of risk assessment for physical and chemical hazards have been used for many years. However, with microbial pathogens which can survive and grow on meat, in soil, water or other media, risk assessment methods are at the early stages of development. Due to the broad habitat range, the role of microbial pathogens in the food safety of meat, poultry, fruit and vegetables is important. The use of antibiotics in livestock species may accelerate the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microbial pathogens, potentially complicating treatment for both animals and humans. The authors discuss the food chain, risk analysis and hazard analysis and critical control points in relation to foodborne pathogens, and introduce general strategies for improving pathogen control on the farm. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Ahl, A S AU - Buntain, B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis and Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20050, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 322 EP - 330 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Zoonoses -- etiology KW - Food Parasitology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Meat -- standards KW - Public Health KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79563991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Risk+and+the+food+safety+chain%3A+animal+health%2C+public+health+and+the+environment.&rft.au=Ahl%2C+A+S%3BBuntain%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ahl&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasites associated with pork and pork products. AN - 79562724; 9501363 AB - Three parasites pose a public health risk from the ingestion of raw or undercooked pork, namely: Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium and Toxoplasma gondii. Inspection procedures, when practised according to prescribed methods, are effective in eliminating the majority of risks from T. spiralis and T. solium. No suitable methods for the post-slaughter detection of T. gondii are available. All three parasites are inactivated by various methods of cooking, freezing and curing; some information is also available on inactivation by irradiation. Good production practices, including a high level of sanitation, rodent and cat control on farms, can prevent opportunities for exposure of pigs to these parasites. Alternatively, meat inspection, proper commercial processing and adherence to guidelines for in-home preparation of meat are effective methods for reduction of risks for human exposure. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Gamble, H R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 496 EP - 506 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Taeniasis -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Trichinellosis -- prevention & control KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Food Parasitology KW - Trichinellosis -- epidemiology KW - Taeniasis -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Parasites+associated+with+pork+and+pork+products.&rft.au=Gamble%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk pasteurisation and safety: a brief history and update. AN - 79562677; 9501358 AB - A brief history of the development of milk pasteurisation is presented and updated. Concerns about the margin of safety provided by current pasteurisation standards in terms of milk-borne pathogens such as mycobacteria (in particular Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) and other emerging pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are discussed. With the exception of the endospores of Bacillus cereus, current standards appear to be adequate for public health assurance of milk safety provided good manufacturing practices are followed. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Holsinger, V H AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Stabel, J R AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 441 EP - 451 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - History, 20th Century KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - History, 19th Century KW - Europe KW - Bacterial Infections -- history KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- history KW - Milk -- standards KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Preservation -- history KW - Disinfection -- history KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Milk -- history KW - Disinfection -- trends KW - Food Preservation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Milk+pasteurisation+and+safety%3A+a+brief+history+and+update.&rft.au=Holsinger%2C+V+H%3BRajkowski%2C+K+T%3BStabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Holsinger&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies to control Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry products. AN - 79562344; 9501366 AB - Foodborne illness is a major public health concern. The largest number of foodborne illness cases attributed to poultry and poultry products are caused by paratyphoid serotypes of Salmonella and by Campylobacter jejuni. The effective prevention of foodborne disease requires an understanding that contamination can be introduced into foods at numerous points along the food chain. Since multiple entry points exist for foodborne pathogens, multifaceted intervention approaches are required to successfully control contamination of poultry during the various phases of the growth period and processing procedure of broiler chickens. Strategies during the grow-out period (the period during which day-old chicks are raised to six- to seven-week-old broiler chickens) include sanitation, biosecurity, vaccine and drug therapy, and biological control procedures, such as those aimed at preventing colonisation. There are also many critical control points identified in the processing plant which reduce contamination. These include temperature controls (washer and product), chemical interventions, water replacements and counter-flow technology in the scalder and chiller, and equipment maintenance. Transportation and food handling at retail outlets and by the consumer (i.e., storage at the proper temperature and adequate cooking) are the final critical control points in the farm-to-table continuum. It is important to apply risk reduction strategies throughout the food chain. These include: easing the development and implementation of voluntary animal production 'best management practices', implementing in-plant hazard analysis and critical control point systems, developing effective transportation and refrigeration standards, working to facilitate adoption of the model Food Code in all States and providing educational materials and support for public health activities nationwide. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - White, P L AU - Baker, A R AU - James, W O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 525 EP - 541 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- standards KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Strategies+to+control+Salmonella+and+Campylobacter+in+raw+poultry+products.&rft.au=White%2C+P+L%3BBaker%2C+A+R%3BJames%2C+W+O&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The public health risks of cervid production in the United States of America. AN - 79562142; 9501369 AB - Cervid species represent a growing livestock enterprise in the United States of America (USA). The zoonotic threat of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) is the only significant public health risk posed by this alternative livestock industry. This paper examines the potential sources of tuberculosis exposure as related to public health and compares and contrasts the status of tuberculosis in Cervidae with the situation in the cattle industry in the USA. Based on the existing prevalence of the disease and the limited potential of human exposure to infected meat or meat products, bovine tuberculosis in Cervidae poses a minimal threat to public health. The only significant public health concern is exposure to infected free-ranging cervids of hunters who field-dress carcasses and may unknowingly incise tuberculous lesions. This risk is mitigated only by the small size of the cervid population at risk when compared to the general population of cervids hunted yearly. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - VanTiem, J S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland 20737, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 564 EP - 570 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mycobacterium bovis -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis -- veterinary KW - Deer UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79562142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=The+public+health+risks+of+cervid+production+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=VanTiem%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=VanTiem&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology and control of egg-associated Salmonella enteritidis in the United States of America. AN - 79561109; 9501367 AB - The isolation rate for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) in humans in the United States of America (USA) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). The proportion of reported Salmonella isolates which were SE increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. In 1990, 1994, and 1995, SE was the most commonly reported reported Salmonella serotype in the USA. Much of this increase has been associated with the consumption of contaminated shell eggs. An examination of the results of a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey of spent hens at slaughter and unpasteurised liquid egg at breaker plants (liquid egg processors) in 1991 and 1995 reveals an increase in the prevalence of SE isolates overall and in most regions of the USA. SE phage type 4 (pt 4), the predominant SE phage type in other parts of the world, has emerged in the egg industry in the western USA concurrent with a sharp increase in the number of sporadic human SE pt 4 isolates in California and Utah. Research on the molecular structure and virulence of SE pt 4 isolates from the USA as compared with isolates from other parts of the world (human and poultry) should be a priority. A comparison of DNA from pt 4 isolates from the USA and Europe may provide information about the potential threat to public health and poultry in the USA from this phage type. Some regional success in the reduction of human illness as a result of SE control efforts is apparent. The Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program has shown progress in reducing SE infection in participating flocks. At a national level, however, neither the incidence of human illness due to SE nor the prevalence of SE in flocks and unpasteurised liquid eggs have decreased significantly, despite the implementation of the USDA 'trace back' regulation from 1990 to 1995, and intensified efforts to educate food handlers and to enforce safe food handling practices. More effort is needed to control SE at every stage of the egg continuum, from production through to consumption. A risk-reduction approach, with barriers to the introduction and multiplication of the pathogen throughout the farm-to-table continuum, is the most practical method for reducing human illness from SE in shell eggs at present. An effective long-term solution will require interdisciplinary efforts involving government, industry, consumers, and academics. Interventions should be developed and evaluated in compliance with the potential for reducing the risk to human health and cost-effectiveness. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Hogue, A AU - White, P AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Schlosser, W AU - Gast, R AU - Ebel, E AU - Farrar, J AU - Gomez, T AU - Madden, J AU - Madison, M AU - McNamara, A M AU - Morales, R AU - Parham, D AU - Sparling, P AU - Sutherlin, W AU - Swerdlow, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20005, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 542 EP - 553 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Legislation, Food KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Pennsylvania KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Quality Control KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- classification KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79561109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+and+control+of+egg-associated+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Hogue%2C+A%3BWhite%2C+P%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BSchlosser%2C+W%3BGast%2C+R%3BEbel%2C+E%3BFarrar%2C+J%3BGomez%2C+T%3BMadden%2C+J%3BMadison%2C+M%3BMcNamara%2C+A+M%3BMorales%2C+R%3BParham%2C+D%3BSparling%2C+P%3BSutherlin%2C+W%3BSwerdlow%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=542&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point systems in the United States Department of Agriculture regulatory policy. AN - 79561066; 9501347 AB - Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness and studies by expert groups have established the need for fundamental change in the United States meat and poultry inspection programme to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has embarked on a broad effort to bring about such change, with particular emphasis on the reduction of pathogenic micro-organisms in raw meat and poultry products. The publication on 25 July 1996 of the Final Rule on pathogen reduction and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems was a major milestone in the FSIS strategy for change. The Final Rule provides a framework for change and clarifies the respective roles of industry and government in ensuring the safety of meat and poultry products. With the implementation of this Final Rule underway, the FSIS has been exploring ways in which slaughter inspection carried out under an HACCP-based system can be changed so that food safety risks are addressed more adequately and the allocation of inspection resources is improved further. In addition, the FSIS is broadening the focus of food safety activities to extend beyond slaughter and processing plants by working with industry, academia and other government agencies. Such co-operation should lead to the development of measures to improve food safety before animals reach the slaughter plant and after products leave the inspected establishment for distribution to the retail level. For the future, the FSIS believes that quantitative risk assessments will be at the core of food safety activities. Risk assessments provide the most effective means of identifying how specific pathogens and other hazards may be encountered throughout the farm-to-table chain and of measuring the potential impact of various interventions. In addition, these assessments will be used in the development and evaluation of HACCP systems. The FSIS is currently conducting a quantitative risk assessment for eggs, and several surveys and studies are being performed to supply data needed to conduct other risk assessments. The FSIS has established a food safety research agenda which will fill data gaps. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Billy, T J AU - Wachsmuth, I K AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 342 EP - 348 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sanitation -- standards KW - Animals KW - Eggs -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Meat -- standards KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - International Cooperation KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - United States Department of Agriculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79561066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+systems+in+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+regulatory+policy.&rft.au=Billy%2C+T+J%3BWachsmuth%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Billy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term sequelae to foodborne disease. AN - 79559119; 9501346 AB - Most of the concern about foodborne disease has been focused on the immediate effects of acute infection. Recent information has shown that many of these foodborne infections also have long-term sequelae with serious health effects and a significant economic impact. To increase the awareness of animal health professionals to these sequelae, the authors discuss two groups of sequelae which are strongly associated with preceding infection (reactive arthritides, including Reiter's syndrome, and the Guillain-Barré syndrome) as well as the possible association between Crohn's disease and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The discussion includes a description of the disease syndromes along with epidemiological and economic information. More reliable epidemiologial and economic data on chronic sequelae to foodborne disease will be needed for future evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies to reduce the occurrence of foodborne pathogens. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - McDowell, R M AU - McElvaine, M D AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 337 EP - 341 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Campylobacter Infections -- complications KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Paratuberculosis -- complications KW - Foodborne Diseases -- complications KW - Arthritis, Reactive -- etiology KW - Polyradiculoneuropathy -- etiology KW - Crohn Disease -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79559119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Long-term+sequelae+to+foodborne+disease.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+M%3BMcElvaine%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological and molecular characterization of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies, Haematobia irritans: identification of kdr and super-kdr point mutations. AN - 79532566; 9443375 AB - Two pyrethroid-resistant strains of horn flies were found to be 17- and 688-fold more resistant to permethrin and 17- and 11,300-fold more resistant to cyhalothrin than a susceptible control strain. Synergism experiments with piperonyl butoxide showed that both target site insensitivity and metabolic resistance mechanisms were present in the Super Resistant strain. Using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a 0.9 kb fragment of the putative sodium channel gene from susceptible and resistant flies was cloned and sequenced. Two sequence variants were detected, presumably arising from alternative splicing of transcripts. The amino acid sequences deduced from the resistant and susceptible fly gene fragments were identical except for three amino acid substitutions, two of which have been associated with resistance in house flies. A leucine to phenylalanine substitution associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) was found in both resistant strains. A methionine to threonine substitution associated with super-kdr was found in the Super Resistant strain. Translation of poly(A)+ RNA followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) detected translation products whose concentrations increased in association with pyrethroid resistance. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR of genomic DNA with over 260 DNA oligomers yielded one resistance-associated marker, designated HF-77, which was not detected in any susceptible flies but was present in 16% of the resistant individuals. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Guerrero, F D AU - Jamroz, R C AU - Kammlah, D AU - Kunz, S E AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. felixg@ktc.com PY - 1997 SP - 745 EP - 755 VL - 27 IS - 8-9 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Sodium Channels KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Sodium Channels -- chemistry KW - Muscidae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79532566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+and+molecular+characterization+of+pyrethroid-resistant+horn+flies%2C+Haematobia+irritans%3A+identification+of+kdr+and+super-kdr+point+mutations.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+F+D%3BJamroz%2C+R+C%3BKammlah%2C+D%3BKunz%2C+S+E&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U83871; GENBANK; U83872; U83873; U83874; U83875 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the United States. AN - 79363924; 9348158 JF - FEMS immunology and medical microbiology AU - Wachsmuth, I K AU - Sparling, P H AU - Barrett, T J AU - Potter, M E AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 233 EP - 239 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- transmission KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79363924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wachsmuth%2C+I+K%3BSparling%2C+P+H%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BPotter%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Wachsmuth&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of adequate vitamin A status during iron supplementation. AN - 79266316; 9287481 AB - Nutritional deficiencies, including iron deficiency, may promote infection by lowering the body's resistance to infectious diseases. However, it has been shown that administration of iron in developing countries can result in increased morbidity, because pathogenic bacteria may compete effectively for iron in the circulation, resulting in an exacerbation of existing infections. Improved vitamin A status may protect against this potentially harmful effect of iron supplementation in environments where infections are highly prevalent. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Ribaya-Mercado, J D AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 306 EP - 307 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Pakistan KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Nutritional Status KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Iron -- adverse effects KW - Infection -- complications KW - Iron -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79266316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Importance+of+adequate+vitamin+A+status+during+iron+supplementation.&rft.au=Ribaya-Mercado%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ribaya-Mercado&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of wild-type virulence to Tri5 disruption mutants of Gibberella zeae via gene reversion and mutant complementation. AN - 79241930; 9274012 AB - Gibberella zeae is a pathogen of small grain crops and produces trichothecene mycotoxins in infected host tissue. The role of trichothecenes in the virulence of G. zeae was previously investigated using trichothecene-non-producing mutants that were generated via transformation-mediated disruption of a gene (Tri5) that encodes the first enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. The mutants were less virulent on some hosts than the wild-type strain from which they were derived. Here, we used two approaches to determine whether the reduced virulence of mutants was due specifically to Tri5 disruption or to non-target effects caused by the transformation process. First, we generated a revertant from a Tri5 disruption mutant by allowing the mutant to pass through the sexual phase of its life cycle. In approximately 2% of the resulting progeny the disrupted Tri5 had reverted to wild-type; however, only one of three revertant progeny also regained the ability to produce trichothecenes. In the second approach, we complemented the Tri5 mutation in a disruption mutant by transforming the mutant with a plasmid carrying a functional copy of Tri5. In all transformants examined, the ability to produce trichothecenes was restored. The restoration of trichothecene production in the revertant progeny and in the complemented mutant was accompanied by restoration of wild-type or near wild-type levels of virulence on wheat seedlings (cultivar Wheaton). The results indicate that the reduced virulence of the mutants was caused by disruption of Tri5 rather than non-target effects resulting from the transformation process. The results also provide further evidence that trichothecenes contribute to the virulence of plant-pathogenic fungi. JF - Microbiology (Reading, England) AU - Proctor, R H AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. proctorh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 2583 EP - 2591 VL - 143 ( Pt 8) SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - Carbon-Carbon Lyases KW - EC 4.1.- KW - trichodiene synthetase KW - EC 4.2.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - Alleles KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- genetics KW - Lyases -- genetics KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Mutagenesis KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- pathogenicity KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79241930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+wild-type+virulence+to+Tri5+disruption+mutants+of+Gibberella+zeae+via+gene+reversion+and+mutant+complementation.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=143+%28+Pt+8%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U22464; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of nutrient fortification and varying storage conditions on host defense properties of human milk. AN - 79150159; 9240806 AB - Data are scarce regarding the effects of nutrient fortification and storage on the immunoprotective properties of human milk. These effects are important considerations when feeding premature infants. We hypothesized that total bacterial colony counts (TBCC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration were not affected by the addition of fortifier even when tested under extreme storage conditions and that osmolality of fortified human milk does not increase with storage. Ten frozen and five fresh milk samples from mothers of premature infants were divided into fortified and unfortified milk, and stored for 72 hours at either refrigerator or room temperature. Aliquots were obtained at 0 to 72 hours for TBCC, osmolality, and total IgA, and analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Log10 TBCC in milk stored at refrigerator temperature for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours were significantly greater in fortified vs unfortified milk; both increased similarly with storage. Osmolality was greater in fortified than unfortified milk; both increased by approximately 4% with storage. IgA concentration was not affected by fortification or storage. To simulate the usual nursery use of fortified human milk, a separate evaluation was performed. Fortified milk was stored at refrigerator temperature for 20 hours, warmed in a 40 degrees C laboratory incubator for 20 minutes, and placed in a 34 degrees C infant incubator for 4 hours. Samples for TBCC were obtained at 0, 20, and 24 hours and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Log10 TBCC in fortified, refrigerated milk did not change over the 20-hour storage but increased during the simulated 4-hour usage. These findings may warrant consideration when using human milk in the neonatal nursery but support recommendations to use commercially fortified human milk within 24 hours. JF - Pediatrics AU - Jocson, M A AU - Mason, E O AU - Schanler, R J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 240 EP - 243 VL - 100 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Freezing KW - Food Contamination KW - Immunoglobulin A -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Infant, Premature KW - Milk, Human -- immunology KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Food, Fortified KW - Milk, Human -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79150159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+nutrient+fortification+and+varying+storage+conditions+on+host+defense+properties+of+human+milk.&rft.au=Jocson%2C+M+A%3BMason%2C+E+O%3BSchanler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Jocson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical technologies for irrigation flow control and measurement AN - 755133634; 13633668 AB - Practical technologies can encourage farmers to adopt practices that support sustainable irrigated agriculture. Important among these are convenient water measurement and control techniques. Many simple constructions or operating procedures are available that can bring considerable convenience to farmers and irrigation delivery system operators. Some are new technologies and some are improvements on older technologies. Many can be implemented with small expense. Some are superior replacements for current practices. The techniques and devices discussed included: (a) accurate and convenient zero setting for weirs and flumes (b) pressure-transducer field checks, (c) easy-to-use scales for orifice and Venturi meters, (d) flow-profile improvers to assist accurate meter operations in irrigation pipelines, (e) floor sills and wave suppressors for canals that usually flow at variable depths of flow, (f) water surface slope measurements-based on static-pressure tubes, and (g) field checks of flow velocity profiles to evaluate flow conditioning using rising-bubble techniques for flow-profile visualization. Many of the concepts are demonstrated in a summary illustration showing several items in a typical stilling well and broad-crested weir (long-throated flume) that need attention, and offers suggestions for correcting the deficiencies. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Replogle, John A AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 4331 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 241 EP - 259 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Sustainable development KW - Weirs KW - Flow Velocity KW - Flumes KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Pipelines KW - Slopes KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Velocity KW - Canals KW - Sills KW - Suppressors KW - Velocity profiles KW - Drainage Systems KW - Flow Control KW - Irrigation Canals KW - Technology KW - Surface slope KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755133634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Practical+technologies+for+irrigation+flow+control+and+measurement&rft.au=Replogle%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005897812746 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Sills; Velocity profiles; Suppressors; Flumes; Irrigation; Sustainable development; Pipelines; Surface slope; Canals; Surface water; agriculture; Velocity; Technology; Flow Velocity; Irrigation Systems; Drainage Systems; Slopes; Flow Control; Irrigation Canals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005897812746 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedogenesis and cementation in calcareous till in Indiana AN - 52466572; 1999-047193 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - McBurnett, S L AU - Franzmeier, D P Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1098 EP - 1104 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - outwash KW - Delaware County Indiana KW - Epiaqualfs KW - Hapludalfs KW - silica KW - movement KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - strength KW - cementation KW - Daleville Indiana KW - till KW - Alfisols KW - calcareous composition KW - diagenesis KW - soil surveys KW - parent materials KW - surveys KW - carbonates KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52466572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Pedogenesis+and+cementation+in+calcareous+till+in+Indiana&rft.au=McBurnett%2C+S+L%3BFranzmeier%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=McBurnett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Purdue Univ. Agric. Res. Prog. J. Paper No. 14996 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; calcareous composition; carbonates; cementation; clastic sediments; Daleville Indiana; Delaware County Indiana; diagenesis; Epiaqualfs; geochemistry; Hapludalfs; hydrology; Indiana; micromorphology; movement; outwash; parent materials; pedogenesis; sediments; silica; soil surveys; soils; strength; surveys; till; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of a sediment wave in an experimental channel AN - 50169696; 1997-069066 AB - The routing of bed material through channels is poorly understood. We approach the problem by observing and modeling the fate of a low-amplitude sediment wave of poorly sorted sand that we introduced into an experimental channel transporting sediment identical to that of the introduced wave. The wave essentially dispersed upstream and downstream without translation, although there was inconclusive evidence of translation late in the experiment when the wave was only 10-20 grain diameters high. Alternate bars migrated through zones of differing bed load transport rate without varying systematically in volume, celerity, or transport rate. Sediment that overpassed migrating bars was apparently responsible for dispersion of the wave. The evolution of the wave was well predicted by a one-dimensional model that contains no adjusted empirical constants. Numerical experiments demonstrate, however, that the theory does not predict sediment waves that migrate long distances downstream. Such waves can only be explained by the following processes not represented by the theory: selective bed load transport, spatial variations in bar and other form roughness, the mechanics of mobile armor, and perhaps other mechanisms. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lisle, Thomas E AU - Pizzuto, James E AU - Ikeda, Hiroshi AU - Iseya, Fujiko AU - Kodama, Yoshinori Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1971 EP - 1981 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - bedload KW - experimental studies KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - one-dimensional models KW - sedimentation KW - physical models KW - flume studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50169696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+sediment+wave+in+an+experimental+channel&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E%3BPizzuto%2C+James+E%3BIkeda%2C+Hiroshi%3BIseya%2C+Fujiko%3BKodama%2C+Yoshinori&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01180 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; experimental studies; flume studies; one-dimensional models; physical models; sediment transport; sedimentation; stream transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01180 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sequential uncertainty domain inverse procedure for estimating subsurface flow and transport parameters AN - 50167739; 1997-069058 AB - A parameter estimation procedure, sequential uncertainty domain parameter fitting (SUFI), is presented and has the following characteristics. The procedure is sequential in nature, meaning that one more iteration can always be made before choosing the final estimates. The procedure has a Bayesian framework, indicating that the method operates within uncertainty domains (prior, posterior) associated with each parameter. The procedure is a fitting procedure, conditioning the unknown parameter estimates on an array of observed values. Finally, the procedure is iterative, requiring a stopping rule which is provided by a critical value of a goal function. Performance of the SUFI parameter estimation procedure is demonstrated using three examples of increasing complexity: (1) analysis of a solute breakthrough curve measured in the laboratory during steady state water flow, (2) estimation of the unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters from a transient drainage experiment carried out in a 6-m deep lysimeter, and (3) estimation of selected flow and transport parameters from a hypothetical ring infiltrometer experiment. The procedure was found to be general, stable, and always convergent. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Abbaspour, K C AU - van Genuchten, M T AU - Schulin, R AU - Schlappi, E Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1879 EP - 1892 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - numerical models KW - transport KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50167739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=A+sequential+uncertainty+domain+inverse+procedure+for+estimating+subsurface+flow+and+transport+parameters&rft.au=Abbaspour%2C+K+C%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T%3BSchulin%2C+R%3BSchlappi%2C+E&rft.aulast=Abbaspour&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01230 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrodynamics; numerical models; soils; solute transport; transport; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01230 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red clover seed production: IV. Root rot resistance under forage and seed production systems AN - 17566904; 4342401 AB - Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in the USA, Canada, and northern and eastern Europe. The effects of root rot resistance of six improved cultivars and three regionally adapted ecotypes on forage and seed yield under typical production systems in Wisconsin and Oregon, respectively, were measured. The relationship of cultivar flowering capacity to seed yield, was also measured. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the benefits of using improved cultivars instead of locally adapted ecotypes in Wisconsin forage production systems; (ii) determine whether selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin benefits seed production systems in Oregon; and (iii) identify strategies to increase seed yields in cultivars with improved persistence and high forage yields. Forage and seed yields were inversely related in all improved cultivars except Kenland, which had lower forage yield than the other improved cultivars and the same yield as the three local Wisconsin and Oregon ecotypes. The local ecotypes produced the highest seed yield because of a greater flower producing capacity than improved cultivars following spring forage removal. Seed yield was highly associated with the number of flowers produced by late July (r = 0.87; P less than or equal to 0.002). Selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin did not benefit seed production in Oregon. Improvement in seed yield capacity of cultivars with high forage yield may be possible by selecting for rapid flowering after spring forage removal in the western Oregon seed production region. JF - Crop Science AU - Steiner, J J AU - Smith, R R AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS, National Forage and Seed Prod. Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, steinerj@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1278 EP - 1282 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Trifolium pratense KW - Plant protection KW - Disease resistance KW - Root rot KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Red+clover+seed+production%3A+IV.+Root+rot+resistance+under+forage+and+seed+production+systems&rft.au=Steiner%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+R+R%3BAlderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium pratense; Disease resistance; Root rot; Plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A teratogenic deformity index for evaluating impacts of selenium on fish populations AN - 16527919; 4367034 AB - This paper describes a method for using teratogenic deformities in fish as the basis for evaluating impacts of selenium contamination. Teratogenic deformities are reliable bioindicators of selenium toxicosis in fish. They are produced in response to dietary exposure of parent fish and subsequent deposition of selenium in eggs. There is a close parallel between selenium concentrations in eggs, incidence of teratogenic deformities in larvae, and magnitude of reproductive failure. Using these relationships, an index was developed for teratogenic-based assessment of impacts to fish populations. The index is composed of three ratings that signify increasing levels of terata-induced population mortality: 1, negligible impact (20% population mortality). Each rating is based on the anticipated population-level impact of the corresponding degree of mortality. Teratogenic-based impact assessment provides a conclusive cause - effect linkage between the contaminant and the fish. It is particularly useful for verifying selenium-induced impacts on reproductive success because poor reproduction can be caused by many things - i.e., fluctuating water levels, nest predation, food shortages, poor recruitment, etc. The index given here should be a useful tool for evaluating the effect of selenium on fish populations. Moreover, application of this technique may save considerable time and money by identifying the most efficient use of manpower and funds early in the assessment process. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Lemly, AD AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 259 EP - 266 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Pisces KW - bioindicators KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Contamination KW - Fish eggs KW - Pollution effects KW - Selenium KW - Pollution indicators KW - Mortality KW - Larvae KW - Water pollution KW - Animal morphology KW - Fish populations KW - Teratogenicity KW - Teratogens KW - Fish KW - Abnormalities KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=A+teratogenic+deformity+index+for+evaluating+impacts+of+selenium+on+fish+populations&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Selenium; Mortality; Animal morphology; Fish eggs; Larvae; Pollution effects; Fish; Teratogens; Pollution indicators; Abnormalities; Water pollution; Contamination; Teratogenicity; Fish populations; Pisces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype x environment interactions for resistance to common scab in tetraploid potato AN - 16519395; 4342393 AB - Common scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria, is an economically important potato disease. Tubers from susceptible plants may have superficial, raised, or pitted lesions. Quantitative methods to evaluate tubers for the amount of surface area covered (AI) and the type of lesion (LI) have previously been developed. The purposes of this study were to (i) estimate broad-souse heritability on a mean basis for scab resistance in a tetraploid population of Solanum tuberosum for AI and LI, (ii) determine the importance of genotype x environment interactions on AI and LI, and (iii) determine the stability of potato genotypes for scab resistance. In 1992 and 1993, 23 potato clones were grown in replicated scab-infested field plots in Presque Isle, ME, and Cranesville, WV, and rated for AI and LI. There were significant environment, genotype, and genotype x environment effects for AI and LI. Broad-sense heritabilities on a mean basis and their exact 95% confidence intervals for AI and LI were estimated as 0.89 (0.78, 0.95) and 0.93 (0.86, 0.97), respectively. Shukla's stability-variance statistics indicated that the most scab resistant genotypes were the most unstable, whereas, the most susceptible genotypes were the most stable. Thus, disease pressure was intense. Moderate levels of scab resistance were found. However, to obtain genotypes with high levels of scab resistance that are stable across environments will probably require development of populations incorporating new sources of scab resistant germplasm. JF - Crop Science AU - Haynes, K G AU - Goth, R W AU - Young, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, khaynes@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1163 EP - 1167 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16519395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genotype+x+environment+interactions+for+resistance+to+common+scab+in+tetraploid+potato&rft.au=Haynes%2C+K+G%3BGoth%2C+R+W%3BYoung%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When is simple good enough: A comparison of the Gompertz, Baranyi, and three-phase linear models for fitting bacterial growth curves AN - 16479274; 4341548 AB - The use of primary mathematical models with curve fitting software is dramatically changing quantitative food microbiology. The two most widely used primary growth models are the Baranyi and Gompertz models. A three-phase linear model was developed to determine how well growth curves could be described using a simpler model. The model divides bacterial growth curves into three phases: the lag and stationary phases where the specific growth rate is zero ( mu =0), and the exponential phase where the logarithm of the bacterial population increases linearly with time ( mu =constant). The model has four parameters: N sub(o) (Log sub(10) of initial population density), NMAX (Log sub(10) of final population density), tLAG (time when lag phase ends), and tMAX (time when exponential phase ends). A comparison of the linear model was made against the Baranyi and Gompertz models, using established growth data for Escherichia coli 0157:H7. The growth curves predicted by the three models showed good agreement. The linear model was more 'robust' than the others, especially when experimental data were minimal. The physiological assumptions underlying the linear model are discussed, with particular emphasis on assuring that the model is consistent with bacterial behavior both as individual cells and as populations. It is proposed that the transitional behavior of bacteria at the end of the lag phase can be explained on the basis of biological variability. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Whiting, R C AU - Damert, W C AD - USDA ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 313 EP - 326 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16479274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=When+is+simple+good+enough%3A+A+comparison+of+the+Gompertz%2C+Baranyi%2C+and+three-phase+linear+models+for+fitting+bacterial+growth+curves&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BDamert%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary nickel and folic acid interact to affect folate and methionine metabolism in the rat AN - 16344847; 4309307 AB - A previous experiment using rats indicated that dietary nickel (Ni), folic acid, and their interaction affected variables associated with one-carbon metabolism. That study used diets that produced only mild folate deficiency. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine the effect of a severe folate deficiency on nickel deprivation in rats. A 2 X 2 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were nickel, as NiCl sub(2)-6H sub(2)O, 0 or 1 mu g/g and folic acid, 0 or 4 mg /kg. All diets contained 10 g succinylsulfathiazole/kg to suppress microbial folate synthesis. The basal diet contained < 20 ng Ni/g. After 58 d, an interaction between nickel and folate affected the urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) and the liver concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Because of this, it is proposed that the physiological function of nickel is related to the common metabolism shared by SAM and FIGLU. Possibly the physiological function of nickel could be related to the tissue concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) or tetrahydrofolate (THF). JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Uthus, E O AU - Poellot, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, PO Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 25 EP - 34 VL - 58 IS - 1-2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - adenosylmethionine KW - dietary intake KW - folic acid KW - formiminoglutamic acid KW - liver KW - methionine KW - nickel KW - rats KW - urine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Dietary+nickel+and+folic+acid+interact+to+affect+folate+and+methionine+metabolism+in+the+rat&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BPoellot%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal rivalry protects tomatoes AN - 16333501; 4266314 AB - Tomato plants could get a new natural ally against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum fungi that cause wilt disease. Using a new experimental approach, ARS researchers are exposing the plants' roots to benign saprophytic strains of Fusarium that prevent their virulent cousins from causing harm. The aim is to eventually give tomato growers a natural alternative to controlling wilt with methyl bromide. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Fravel AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA-ARS Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Bldg. 011A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2305, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 20 EP - 21 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - biological control KW - fumigation KW - methyl bromide KW - tomato KW - wilt KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16333501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Fungal+rivalry+protects+tomatoes&rft.au=Fravel%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage and cover crop effects on cyanazine adsorption and desorption kinetics AN - 16322227; 4256919 AB - Accumulation of partially decomposed plant residues under no-tillage (NT) and cover crop management systems can affect herbicide fate in the soil. This study evaluated adsorption and desorption of cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpro panenitrile} in soils and herbicide-killed Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) residues collected from a long-term conventional tillage (CT) and NT cotton field. The four cotton production systems included were CT and NT, each with and without ryegrass as a cover crop. Adsorption was determined by reacting 0.5 g of soil or ryegrass residue with 8 mL of super(14)C-cyanazine solution (five concentrations: 0.13 to 15.68 mu mol L super(-1)) for 48 h. The Freundlich K sub(f) values were higher in NT than in CT soils and higher in soils from ryegrass cover crop than in soils from no cover crop. The K sub(f) was higher in ryegrass residue (13.33) than in soils (1.77 to 2.94). The N values for soils (>0.90) and ryegrass residue (>0.95) indicated nearly linear adsorption. Time-course adsorption data analyzed by an equilibrium/kinetic model indicated that adsorption was rapid initially (within 1 h), followed by a slow increase in CT and NT soils from ryegrass plots. In contrast, adsorption achieved equilibrium within 48 h of reaction time in ryegrass residue. Cyanazine adsorption increased with increased decomposition of plant residues. The K sub(f) for ryegrass residues sampled at 5 weeks after cotton planting was 17% higher than the residues sampled at 3 weeks before planting. The CaCl sub(2)-desorbable cyanazine in two consecutive 24-h cycles ranged from 77 to 88% in soils and from 46 to 47% of that adsorbed in ryegrass residues. Two additional 24-h desorptions with methanol removed most of the remaining cyanazine. Under field conditions, the plant residues on the soil surface in NT and cover crop systems can apparently intercept and temporarily retain cyanazine. JF - Soil Science AU - Reddy, K N AU - Locke, MA AU - Gaston, LA AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 501 EP - 509 VL - 162 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - cyanazine KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16322227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Tillage+and+cover+crop+effects+on+cyanazine+adsorption+and+desorption+kinetics&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N%3BLocke%2C+MA%3BGaston%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of an ovine metallothionein-ovine growth hormone fusion gene into swine AN - 16319028; 4255051 AB - An ovine metallothionein-1a (oMT1a)-ovine growth hormone (oGH) fusion gene was microinjected into 400 pig zygotes, the zygotes were transferred into recipient females, and 15 founder transgenic pigs were born. Of 12 transgenic pigs assayed, five expressed high levels of oGH (> 900 ng/mL plasma), one expressed low levels of oGH (10 to 30 ng/mL), and six did not express oGH. Dietary supplementation with 2,000 ppm of zinc for 6 d induced a 20-fold increase in plasma oGH in the transgenic pig with low expression but did not induce expression in the six transgenic pigs with no constitutive oGH expression. The average daily gain of five transgenic pigs with elevated oGH was similar to that of non-transgenic littermates during a 9-wk feeding trial (P = .52). The liver, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid weights were all significantly heavier for the oGH-expressing transgenic pigs than for non-transgenic littermates. Total carcass fat, longissimus muscle fat, subcutaneous backfat thickness, and loin eye area were lower and carcass protein and water content and beta R fiber area of longissimus muscle were higher in the transgenic pigs with elevated oGH than in their littermate controls (P < .05 for each). The data indicate that even though the oMT1a promoter was more inducible by zinc than was previously reported for the mouse MT promoter in swine, the former provided a higher level of oGH expression than the mouse MT promoter. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Pursel, V G AU - Wall, R J AU - Solomon, M B AU - Bolt, D J AU - Murray, J D AU - Ward, KA AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2208 EP - 2214 VL - 75 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - carcasses KW - gene fusion KW - gene regulation KW - growth hormone KW - metallothionein KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07415:Domestic animals (sheep, goats) KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+an+ovine+metallothionein-ovine+growth+hormone+fusion+gene+into+swine&rft.au=Pursel%2C+V+G%3BWall%2C+R+J%3BSolomon%2C+M+B%3BBolt%2C+D+J%3BMurray%2C+J+D%3BWard%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Pursel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blue-stain fungi associated with roots of southern pine trees attacked by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis AN - 16317124; 4256951 AB - Forty paired plots were established from eastern Texas to Alabama to study root-infecting, blue-stain fungi in southern pine stands undergoing southern pine beetle (SPB) attack. Woody roots were sampled in plots undergoing recent or current attack by the SPB. Comparisons were made between occurrence of Leptographium spp. and related fungi and data on various characteristics of natural stands and plantations studied. Three fungal species, L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and Ophiostoma ips, along with unidentified Leptographium and Graphium species, were isolated from sampled roots. L. terebrantis was isolated more frequently from SPB-attacked plots (P < 0.001) than was either L. procerum or O. ips. More blue-stain fungal species and related genera were isolated from SPB-attacked plots than from control plots (P < 0.001). This also was true for combined isolation percentages of L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and O. ips (P = 0.03). Presence of blue-stain fungi also was associated with higher stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.045). Isolation frequencies of O. ips and L. procerum, along with the combination of these fungal species with L. terebrantis, were logistically related to increasing stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). No logistic relationship was found for frequency of any of the three blue-stain species with respect to basal area in SPB-attacked plots. These results suggest blue stain fungi are important in the dynamics of susceptibility of southern pines to SPB attack. JF - Plant Disease AU - Otrosina, W J AU - Hess, N J AU - Zarnoch, S J AU - Perry, T J AU - Jones, J P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 942 EP - 945 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Loblolly pine KW - Longleaf pine KW - Pine KW - Slash pine KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - USA, Southern KW - blue stain KW - disease transmission KW - fungi KW - roots KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Blue-stain+fungi+associated+with+roots+of+southern+pine+trees+attacked+by+the+southern+pine+beetle%2C+Dendroctonus+frontalis&rft.au=Otrosina%2C+W+J%3BHess%2C+N+J%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J%3BPerry%2C+T+J%3BJones%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Otrosina&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella contamination associated with bacterial soft rot of fresh fruits and vegetables in the marketplace AN - 16313847; 4254949 AB - Wash water from 66% of 401 samples of fresh fruits and vegetables collected in the marketplace and affected by bacterial soft rot were positive for suspected strains of Salmonella, i.e., black, hydrogen sulfide-positive colonies on Salmonella-Shigella agar incubated for 24 h at 37 degree C. By comparison, 30% of 402 healthy samples were positive. Incidence of suspected Salmonella in broth enrichment cultures was 59% in 533 soft rotted samples and 33% in 781 healthy samples. Thirty percent of 166 representative strains of suspected Salmonella, selected at random from 20 different commodities, were confirmed to be Salmonella by physiological and serological tests. Adjusting incidence values accordingly, Salmonella contamination was potentially present in at least 18 to 20% of soft rotted samples and in 9 to 10% of healthy samples. Wash water from 120 paired healthy and soft rotted fruits and vegetables contained an average of 1.0 x 10 super(5) and 3.7 x 10 super(6) CFU/ml, respectively, of suspected Salmonella--a ratio of 1:37. Average concentrations of suspected Salmonella in enrichment cultures of healthy and soft rotted samples were 7.5 x 10 super(7) and 2.7 x 10 super(9) CFU/ml, respectively, also in the ratio of 1:37. Fresh potato, carrot, and pepper disks coinoculated with the soft rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora and with Salmonella typhimurium, and incubated for up to 72 h at room temperature, contained approximately 10 times the concentration of S. typhimurium as did disks inoculated with Salmonella alone. Disks coinoculated with Pseudomonas viridiflava and S. typhimurium contained approximately three times the Salmonella populations as disks inoculated with Salmonella alone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 867 EP - 872 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - food contamination KW - fruits KW - soft rot KW - vegetables KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Salmonella+contamination+associated+with+bacterial+soft+rot+of+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables+in+the+marketplace&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germinability of teliospores of Tilletia indica after hot water and sodium hypochlorite treatments AN - 16313097; 4254961 AB - Hot water and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were evaluated to eradicate teliospores of the Karnal bunt fungus, Tilletia indica, for the purpose of decontaminating grain storage and handling equipment. The germinability of free teliospores and teliospores within the sori of infected wheat was assessed. Temperatures of 25, 60, and 80 degree C, NaOCl concentrations (wt/vol, pH 11.5) of 0, 0.53, and 1.60%, and immersion periods of 1, 5, 15, and 30 min were evaluated. In other tests, the influence of pH on NaOCl potency and of a delay between treatment and water rinsing were evaluated. Immersion at 80 degree C in water alone or with NaOCl killed both free teliospores and those within the sori of infected seeds within 1 min. NaOCl at 1.60% at 25 degree C killed teliospores suspended in water within 15 min, but some teliospores inside sori survived 30 min of this treatment. NaOCl adjusted to pH 8 before use was superior to NaOCl at pH 11.5. An application of 1.60% NaOCl at 25 degree C for 5 min followed by a 10-min delay before the seeds were rinsed in fresh water killed free teliospores but not all teliospores within sori. This treatment was more effective than the 5-min treatment alone but inferior to the 15-min treatment with NaOCl at a concentration of 1.60%. Because teliospores within the sori of infected seeds are partially protected and much more resistant to NaOCl, we recommend the removal and disposal of seeds from equipment before the treatments are applied. NaOCl radically altered the appearance of the teliospores, leaving a persistent visual indication that they had been treated, while hot water treatment alone did not. Therefore, it is beneficial to add NaOCl to hot water, although the improvement in the sporicidal efficacy was often small. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Hershberger, W AU - Bonde, M R AU - Nester, SE AD - USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 932 EP - 935 VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - germination KW - heat treatments KW - karnal bunt KW - seed treatments KW - sodium hypochlorite KW - teliospores KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Germinability+of+teliospores+of+Tilletia+indica+after+hot+water+and+sodium+hypochlorite+treatments&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BHershberger%2C+W%3BBonde%2C+M+R%3BNester%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiochemistry of aposematic seed bugs AN - 16305912; 4243313 AB - (E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate and (E)-2-octenyl acetate (1:10 by volume) were identified as a pheromone attractive to both sexes of the lygaeid bug, Tropidothorax cruciger. In a parallel investigation of Neacoryphus bicrucis (Lygaeidae), (E, E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate and phenethyl acetate ( approximately 9:1) were identified from males, and found attractive to both sexes of adults in the field plus a tachinid fly parasitoid of the bugs. In N. bicrucis, the pheromone was clearly shown to come from the tubular accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland; this evidence, plus earlier literature reports for other species, indicate that male lygaeids are the pheromone emitters. In another lygaeid, Oncopeltus fasciatus, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine was identified in the cardiac glycoside-laden fluid sequestered from milkweed hosts and expelled by these bugs when they are attacked. Alkyl methoxypyrazines are warning odorants associated with poisonous insect secretions, and their presence in O. fasciatus indicates that the plant-derived chemical defense of lygaeines is more elaborate than previously appreciated. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Leal, W S AU - Nishida, R AU - Khrimian, A P AU - Lee, C-J AU - Sakuratani, Y AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Chinch bugs KW - Hemiptera KW - Seed bugs KW - alkyl methoxypyrazines KW - aposematism KW - cardiac glycosides KW - defense mechanisms KW - sex pheromone KW - toxins KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16305912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Semiochemistry+of+aposematic+seed+bugs&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BLeal%2C+W+S%3BNishida%2C+R%3BKhrimian%2C+A+P%3BLee%2C+C-J%3BSakuratani%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapped genomic locations for developmental functions and QTLs reflect concerted groups in maize (Zea mays L.) AN - 16279406; 4295968 AB - For maize, we have analyzed conjointly the map locations reported to-date of genes for growth, development, and stress response. We find that these genes associate into functional clusters, 10-30 cM long, distributed non-randomly along all ten chromosomes. These clusters comprise the loci for environmental and hormonal sensors, the growth machinery genes (e.g., genes for the enzymes of hormone synthesis, mutations disturbing sporophyte and gametophyte development, or genes for programmed cell death) and the master genes presiding over the spatial and temporal transitions in cell growth and differentiation (e.g., genes expressing transcription factors). Taking into consideration mapping accuracy, the putative associations of developmental genes generally coincide with the location of homeotic genes mapped with cDNA probes. The majority of over 800 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant architecture, growth and development in vivo and in vitro, the grain yield as the integer of growth, and ABA accumulation and effects, also map within these clusters. Several physiologically different quantitative traits of plant development and yield are often mapped by one and the same molecular probe. The clusters are redundant, apparently due to several duplication events in the course of maize evolution. We presume that these clusters are the functional units of genes expressed in concert to contribute toward regulating plant development and, apparently, some of the plant responses to abiotic stress. The major QTLs for plant height, earliness and grain yield are visible manifestations of the developmental clusters. The evolutionary and cytogenetic evidence seems to support the adaptive significance of functional gene networks for development. The physiological advantage of the close association of functionally related genes in the clusters may rely on compartmentation and tunneling of signal molecules, which helps to cooperatively recruit the transcription factors into multicomponent regulatory modules of high specificity. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Khavkin, E AU - Coe, E AD - USDA-ARS, Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 343 EP - 352 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - development KW - gene mapping KW - homeobox KW - maize KW - pleiotropism KW - quantitative trait loci KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16279406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mapped+genomic+locations+for+developmental+functions+and+QTLs+reflect+concerted+groups+in+maize+%28Zea+mays+L.%29&rft.au=Khavkin%2C+E%3BCoe%2C+E&rft.aulast=Khavkin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of phosphate rock, coal combustion by-product, lime, and cellulose on ryegrass in an acidic soil AN - 16270952; 4266426 AB - Remediation of soil acidity is crucial for increasing crop production and improving environmental quality of acid infertile soils. Soil incubation and greenhouse pot experiments were carried out to examine the interactions between phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by-product (BP), dolomitic lime (L), and cellulose (C) in an acidic soil and their effects on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv 'Linn') growth. BP and PR application increased plant P content and dry matter yield (DMY) of shoots and roots by improving soil Ca availability and reducing Al toxicity. Application of BP at low rates (5 to 10 g BP kg super(-1)) with PR appeared to decrease both plant P content and DMY compared to PR application alone. The reduced DMY is due to an increased Al concentration in soil solution as a result of displacement of sorbed Al by Ca of BP. Increases in DMY were obtained by addition of lime along with PR and BP at low rates or by increasing BP application rates above 15 g kg super(-1). This improved plant response was likely related to alleviation of Al toxicity by CaCO sub(3) contained in the BP. In addition to raising the pH to an acceptable level for plant growth, the dolomitic lime supplied needed Mg for plants, thereby maintaining a good balance between available Ca and Mg for plants in the BP- and PR-amended soils. The addition of cellulose to the BP- and PR-amended soils reduced water-soluble Al and increased DMY. Plant growth increased PR dissolution by 2.4 to 243% in a soil with low available P. Use of BP at moderate rates with PR and dolomitic lime appears to be the best combination in increasing crop yields on infertile acidic soils. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Baligar, V AU - He, Z L AU - Martens, D C AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Kemper, W D AD - USDA-ARS-ASWCRL, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - environmental restoration KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16270952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Effect+of+phosphate+rock%2C+coal+combustion+by-product%2C+lime%2C+and+cellulose+on+ryegrass+in+an+acidic+soil&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V%3BHe%2C+Z+L%3BMartens%2C+D+C%3BRitchey%2C+K+D%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of ethanol and oxygen on the growth of Zymomonas mobilis and the levels of hopanoids and other membrane lipids AN - 16257966; 4226734 AB - Zymomonas mobilis (ATCC 29191) was grown either aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of 2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0, 3, or 6% (vol/vol) ethanol. The rates of growth and the composition of hopanoids, cellular fatty acids, and other lipids in the bacterial membranes were quantitatively analyzed. The bacterium grew in the presence of 3% and 6% ethanol and was more ethanol tolerant when grown anaerobically. In the absence of ethanol, hopanoids comprised about 30% (by mass) of the total cellular lipids. Addition of ethanol to the media caused complex changes in the levels of hopanoids and other lipids. However, there was not a significant increase in any of the hopanoid lipid classes as ethanol concentration was increased. As previously reported, vaccenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the lipids of Z. mobilis, and its high constitutive levels were unaffected by the variations in ethanol and oxygen concentrations. A cyclopropane fatty acid accounted for 2.6-6.4 wt% of the total fatty acids in all treatments. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Moreau, R A AU - Powell, MJ AU - Fett, W F AU - Whitaker, B D AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 124 EP - 128 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - ethanol KW - fuels KW - growth requirements KW - hopanoids KW - lipids KW - oxygen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+ethanol+and+oxygen+on+the+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+and+the+levels+of+hopanoids+and+other+membrane+lipids&rft.au=Moreau%2C+R+A%3BPowell%2C+MJ%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BWhitaker%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of carotenoids on aflatoxin B sub(1) synthesis by Aspergillus flavus AN - 16243977; 4233738 AB - Carotenes and xanthophylls occurring in yellow corn and related terpenoids were tested for their effect on growth and aflatoxin B sub(1) production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357, using the suspended disc culture method. Aflatoxin synthesis was inhibited at concentrations of beta -carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin comparable to those found in the horny endosperm of mature corn. Usually growth was not significantly affected. Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis was greater for compounds with an alpha -ionone-type ring ( alpha -carotene, lutein, or alpha -ionone) compared with compounds with a beta -ionone ring. The presence of hydroxy groups on the rings tended to decrease inhibition, but did not override the effect of the ring type; lutein was similar to alpha -carotene and zeaxanthin was similar to beta -carotene in inhibition. A mutant accumulating norsolorinic acid (NA), A. parasiticus SRRC 162, incubated with alpha -carotene produced reduced levels of both NA and aflatoxin, indicating that inhibition occurred before NA. Additional A. flavus strains tested against 50 mu g/ml of beta -carotene had 89 to 96% inhibition, which was significantly more sensitive than NRRL 3357. A. parasiticus strains were less sensitive and generally had similar or lower inhibition than NRRL 3357. The results indicate that the presence of carotenoids in endosperm may decrease the amount of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Norton, R A AD - USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 814 EP - 821 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - beta -Carotene KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - biosynthesis KW - carotenoids KW - lutein KW - pigments KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+carotenoids+on+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29+synthesis+by+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Norton%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacing and management for cotton in the southeastern Coastal Plain AN - 16243330; 4223671 AB - The cost of drip irrigation can be reduced by using both wider lateral spacings and the same laterals for multiple years, as with subsurface placement. Multiple, low-rate fertilizer and water applications may reduce N fertilizer needs by improving efficiency and limiting the potential for leaching. The combination of these technologies may make drip irrigation of cotton profitable. Four years of continuous cotton and two years of cotton rotated with peanut were evaluated. Two subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacings (every row, 1 m, and alternate furrow, 2 m) and three sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD, single application of 112 kg/ha; INC, 112 kg/ha in five equal applications; and GOS, applications determined by GOSSYM/COMAX) were evaluated for cotton during 1991-1994. Two of the sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD and GOS) were evaluated for a rainfall-only treatment. Lint yields did not differ between the lateral spacings in any year. Yields for irrigated treatments were 16 and 65% greater than rainfall-only yields in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The GOSSYM/COMAX-managed nitrogen treatment received 30% less nitrogen fertilizer than other treatments, but had similar lint yield. Several fiber physical properties were affected by irrigation and nitrogen, but these effects were small and inconsistent. For continuous cotton, or cotton rotated with peanut, the wider lateral spacing is preferred to the every-row spacing because of its lower initial cost (about 30%). The combination of lower system cost, longer system life, and lower N-fertilizer requirements could make subsurface drip irrigation of cotton profitable for southeastern Coastal Plain soils, and reduce the potential for ground water contamination. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Bauer, P J AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 993 EP - 999 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - GOSSYM/COMAX KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Subsurface+drip+irrigation+lateral+spacing+and+management+for+cotton+in+the+southeastern+Coastal+Plain&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BBauer%2C+P+J%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic hydrolysis of high-moisture corn fiber pretreated by AFEX and recovery and recycling of the enzyme complex AN - 16243001; 4229902 AB - Corn fiber is a grain-processing residue containing significant amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch, which is collected in facilities where fuel ethanol is currently manufactured. Preliminary research has shown that corn fiber (30% moisture dry weight basis [dwb]) responds well to ammonia-fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment. However, an important AFEX pretreatment variable that has not been adequately explored for corn fiber is sample moisture. In the present investigation, we determined the best AFEX operating conditions for pretreatment of corn fiber at high moisture content (150% moisture dwb). The optimized AFEX treatment conditions are defined in terms of the moisture content, particle size, ammonia to biomass ratio, temperature, and residence time using the response of the pretreated biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis as an indicator. Approximate optimal-pretreatment conditions for unground corn fiber containing 150% (dwb) moisture were found to be: temperature, 90 degree C; ammonia: dry corn fiber mass ratio, 1:1; and residence time 30 min (average reactor pressure under these conditions was 200 pounds per square inch [psig]). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated corn fiber was performed with three different enzyme combinations. More than 80% of the theoretical sugar yield was obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis using the best enzyme combination after pretreatment of corn fiber under the optimized conditions previously described. A simple process for enzyme recovery and reuse to hydrolyze multiple portions of AFEX-treated corn fiber by one portion of enzyme preparation is demonstrated. Using this process, five batches of fresh substrate (at a concentration of 5% w / v) were successfully hydrolyzed by repeated recovery and reuse of one portion of enzyme preparation, with the addition of a small portion of fresh enzyme in each subsequent recycling step. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dale, B E AU - Hespell, R B AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 113 EP - 126 VL - 67 IS - 1-2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - ammonia-fiber explosion KW - biomass KW - cellulose KW - enzymatic activity KW - fibers KW - grain KW - hemicellulose KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+high-moisture+corn+fiber+pretreated+by+AFEX+and+recovery+and+recycling+of+the+enzyme+complex&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide transport in a managed riparian forest buffer system AN - 16241243; 4223677 AB - The effect of a riparian forest buffer system (RFBS) on transport of two herbicides, atrazine and alachlor, was studied during 1992-1994. Herbicides were applied to an upland corn crop in March of each year. The buffer system was managed based on USDA recommendations and averaged 50 m in width. The system included a grass buffer strip immediately adjacent to the field (Zone 3); a managed pine forest downslope from the grass buffer (Zone 2); and a narrow hardwood forest containing the stream channel system (Zone 1). After the first year of the study, the managed forest was clear-cut in 1/3 and thinned in 1/3 of Zone 2. The other 1/3 of Zone 2 was left as mature forest. Most of the herbicide transport in surface runoff occurred before 30 June with about 25 cm of cumulative rainfall after herbicide application. During this period of higher herbicide transport, atrazine and alachlor concentrations averaging 34.1 mu g L super(-1) and 9.1 mu g L super(-1) at the field edge, respectively, were reduced to 1 mu g L super(-1) or less as runoff neared the stream. There were generally no differences among the mature forest and the two treatment areas (clear-cut and thinned) for either concentration or load in surface runoff. Using precipitation data collected on site, the effects of dilution versus other concentration reduction factors (infiltration, adsorption) was estimated for surface runoff. Concentration reduction was greatest per meter of flow length in the grass buffer adjacent to the field. There was only minor transport of herbicides through the buffer system in shallow groundwater and little difference between the Zone 2 treatment areas. In 1992 and 1993, herbicide concentrations in shallow groundwater in the RFBS and at the edge-of-field were generally at or below detection limits. In 1994, well concentrations of both herbicides increased, probably in response to infiltration of surface runoff containing high herbicide concentrations. Average herbicide concentrations were at or below detection limits in groundwater near the stream for most of 1994. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Lowrance, R AU - Vellidis, G AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Gay, P AU - Bosch, D D AD - USDA-ARS, SE Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1047 EP - 1057 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - grass buffer strips KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Herbicide+transport+in+a+managed+riparian+forest+buffer+system&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BVellidis%2C+G%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BGay%2C+P%3BBosch%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: I. Hydrology and erosion AN - 16241194; 4223684 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model is a continuous simulation tool that extends the capability of the WEPP hillslope model to provide erosion prediction technology for small cropland and rangeland watersheds. The model is based on fundamentals of erosion theory, soil and plant science, channel flow hydraulics, and rainfall-runoff relationships, and contains hillslopes, channels, and impoundments as the primary components. The hillslope and channel components can be further divided into hydrology and erosion components. Channel infiltration is calculated by a Green-Ampt Mein-Larson infiltration equation. A continuous channel water balance is maintained, including calculation of evapotranspiration, soil water percolation, canopy rainfall interception, and surface depressional storage. The channel peak runoff rate is calculated using either a modified Rational equation or the equation used in the CREAMS model. Flow depth and hydraulic shear stress along the channel are computed by regression equations based on a numerical solution of the steady state spatially varied flow equations. Detachment, transport, and deposition within constructed channels or concentrated flow gullies are calculated by a steady state solution to the sediment continuity equation. The impoundment component routes runoff and sediment through several types of impoundment structures, including farm ponds, culverts, filter fences, and check dams. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the model conceptual framework and structure. In addition, detailed mathematical representations of the processes simulated by the channel hydrology and erosion components are presented. The processes simulated by the impoundment component are not described in this article, but it does include impoundment effects on watershed model channel peak discharge and time of concentration calculations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Liu, B Y AD - USDA-ARS-NPA, GPSRU, 301 S. Howes, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 921 EP - 933 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - hydrologic budget KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+I.+Hydrology+and+erosion&rft.au=Ascough%2C+JC+II%3BBaffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BLiu%2C+B+Y&rft.aulast=Ascough&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: III. Comparisons to measured data from small watersheds AN - 16239508; 4223686 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model was developed by the USDA for purposes of erosion assessment and conservation planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the WEPP watershed model applicability and prediction accuracy for small watersheds (0.34-5.14 ha) under different climate, topography, soil, and management regimes. No calibration was conducted to obtain the results. Only default model parameters were used. Data from 15 watersheds in six U.S. locations were compared to runoff and sediment yield estimates using WEPP95. The r super(2) values between measured and predicted total runoff and sediment yield for the 15 watersheds were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. The r super(2) between measured and predicted event data for individual watersheds ranged from 0.01 to 0.85 for runoff and from 0.02 to 0.90 for sediment. Cumulative frequency distributions for predicted values of event runoff and sediment matched those for measured values with some exceptions. Improvements in the WEPP model are suggested where limitations were observed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Liu, B Y AU - Nearing, MA AU - Baffaut, C AU - Ascough, JC II AD - NSERL, USDA-ARS-MWA, 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 945 EP - 952 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - comparison studies KW - sediment yield KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+III.+Comparisons+to+measured+data+from+small+watersheds&rft.au=Liu%2C+B+Y%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BBaffaut%2C+C%3BAscough%2C+JC+II&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal conductivity and water retention of a black spruce forest floor AN - 16239426; 4226058 AB - The forest floor of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands is typified by a thick layer of moss and organic material overlying the soil. This layer is an important source of nutrients and water for spruce and provides thermal insulation of permafrost. However, little is known about the water retention characteristics and thermal conductivity of black spruce forest floors. Near Fairbanks, Alaska, in situ thermal conductivity and water content of a black spruce forest floor (0-0.05 m depth) were assessed during the 1992 growing season. In addition, core samples were taken for laboratory estimates of bulk density, water retention, and thermal conductivity. Bulk density was about 0.035 Mg m super(-3) at the 0 to 0.10-m depth and 0.050 Mg m super(-3) at the 0.10 to 0.20-m depth. In situ thermal conductivity of moss was generally smaller than previously estimated and ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 W m super(-1) K super(-1) over the growing season. Thermal conductivity varied linearly with water content at the 0 to 0.10-m depth and exponentially with water content below 0.10 m. Water retention differed within the forest floor profile, with an apparently smaller air-entry matric suction and pore size distribution index below the 0.1-m depth. This study suggests that variations in bulk density within a forest floor profile, which result from changes in organic material composition, affect both the thermal and hydrologic properties of black spruce forest floors. JF - Soil Science AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 576 EP - 582 VL - 162 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+conductivity+and+water+retention+of+a+black+spruce+forest+floor&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP watershed model: II. Sensitivity analysis and discretization on small watersheds AN - 16237233; 4223685 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed scale model was developed by the USDA for purposes of erosion assessment and conservation planning. The purpose of this study was to verify that the watershed model behaves rationally and consistently over a range of discretization structures and channel parameter inputs for applications to small watersheds. Effects of watershed discretization were evaluated for selected events within a one-year continuous simulation by comparing results for two watersheds under various discretization schemes. Impacts of channel input parameters were assessed by comparing the value of a linear sensitivity coefficient for user-specified parameters. Hillslope length, Manning's coefficients, and channel slope were found to be key parameters in the prediction of watershed sediment yields. Erodibility and critical shear stress were found to be important for events where channel scour was active, and the results were sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity for events with small runoff and small sediment contributions from hillslopes. Improvements in the WEPP model are suggested where limitations were observed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Baffaut, C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Liu, B AD - NSERL, USDA-ARS-MWA, Purdue Univ., 1196 Soil Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 935 EP - 943 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - WEPP KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+watershed+model%3A+II.+Sensitivity+analysis+and+discretization+on+small+watersheds&rft.au=Baffaut%2C+C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BAscough%2C+JC+II%3BLiu%2C+B&rft.aulast=Baffaut&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of uniformity measures for drip irrigation systems AN - 16233916; 4223673 AB - Three drip irrigation systems were installed in 1984, two with laterals on the soil surface and one with laterals about 0.30 m below the soil surface. These systems were used to apply irrigation water and nutrients to several experiments from 1985 to 1992. Emitter plugging, system uniformity, and overall performance were evaluated for both surface and subsurface systems using several methods, and the results were compared to those obtained for unused tubing that had been saved from the original lot. Emitter uniformity values calculated for the unused laterals by the traditional and ASAE EP458 methods were similar, but differences between parameter values calculated by the two methods were greater for the used laterals, especially in the subsurface system. All uniformity values were lower for the subsurface system, primarily because of plugged emitters. Uniformity values calculated by the EP458 method (randomly selected emitters) indicate lower emitter uniformity for the used laterals in the subsurface system, but these values were not as low as those calculated using all emitters on three laterals for that system. These values indicate that the EP458 method may not always reflect true system uniformity, probably because of the small sample size and existence of completely plugged emitters. Correction of emitter flow rates for temporal pressure variation among test times improved uniformity parameter values slightly. Uniformity values predicted by design /evaluation models were similar for both surface and subsurface systems, and generally indicate better system uniformity than values calculated from emitter flow measurements. The models were unable to predict reliable uniformity values for systems because of their inability to handle emitter plugging. Based on these results, it appears that both traditional and ASAE EP458 methods can be used to evaluate drip irrigation systems, but the EP458 method generally indicates lower uniformity and should be used carefully for systems where completely plugged emitters may exist. When emitter plugging occurs, the accuracy of predictions by either method will depend primarily upon the number of emitters measured and the extent of plugging. Entry of soil particles into this eight-year-old subsurface system during construction and/or repair operations probably caused the observed emitter plugging, which emphasizes the need for exercising great care in installation and maintenance of subsurface systems if a long system life (10-15 years) is expected. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Sadler, E J AU - Busscher, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Cent., 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1013 EP - 1020 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - conveyance structures KW - emitter plugging KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16233916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+uniformity+measures+for+drip+irrigation+systems&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BSadler%2C+E+J%3BBusscher%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative plant water relations and soil water depletion patterns of three seral shrub species on forest sites in southwestern Oregon AN - 16232436; 4195507 AB - We compared stomatal conductance, transpiration, plant water potential, and soil moisture depletion patterns for three shrub species common on early seral forest sites in southwestern Oregon following logging or fire. Our goal was to determine which of these species were more likely to be the strongest competitors with regenerating conifers. The three species, Arctostaphylos patula Greene, Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh., and Holodiscus discolor (Pursh.) Maxim., were selected to represent a range in leaf morphology and expected water use patterns. Dirunal patterns of leaf conductance, plant water potential, and environmental parameters were measured throughout the growing season, along with seasonal patterns in soil moisture. As with any data obtained under ambient field conditions, environmental parameters and exact timing of measurements varied among shrubs. To better evaluate the response of individual species to common environmental parameters, we constructed models of leaf conductance based on field data and used these models to estimate responses of conductance and transpiration to averaged environmental conditions. This allowed us to better compare species responses to seasonal and diurnal trends in environmental variables. C. sanguineus typically had the highest transpiration rates per unit leaf area, and H. discolor the lowest; however, due to much higher leaf area indices of H. discolor, the two species depleted soil moisture at about the same rate. C. sanguineus and A. patula both had high predawn water potentials throughout the season, even when soil water potential at 1 m depth was less than -1.2 Mpa, suggesting that these species, but not H. discolor, had roots in deeper soil layers. We predict that the two deciduous species, C. sanguineus and H. discolor, will be stronger competitors for soil moisture than A. patula, at least in the top meter of soil. In contrast, A. patula and C. sanguineus are capable of depleting moisture from deeper in the soil and may therefore strongly compete even with deep-rooted conifers late in the season. Our use of empirical models allowed us to compare species responses to common environmental conditions, which facilitated ecological interpretation of species differences in water use patterns. By early August, soil water potentials under all species were low enough to significantly inhibit conifer transpiration, photosynthesis, and growth. JF - Forest Science AU - Conard, S G AU - Sparks AU - Regelbrugge, J C AD - Pacific Wouthwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 336 EP - 347 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - stomatal conductance KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Comparative+plant+water+relations+and+soil+water+depletion+patterns+of+three+seral+shrub+species+on+forest+sites+in+southwestern+Oregon&rft.au=Conard%2C+S+G%3BSparks%3BRegelbrugge%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of coal surface mining on three Ohio watersheds - Surface-water hydrology AN - 16228089; 4221815 AB - A study was conducted to determine the effects of mining and reclaiming originally undisturbed watersheds on surface-water hydrology in three small experimental watersheds in Ohio. Approximately six years of data were collected at each site, with differing lengths of premining (Phase 1), mining and reclamation (Phase 2), and post-reclamation (Phase 3) periods. Mining and reclamation activities showed no consistent pattern in baseflow, and caused slightly more frequent higher daily flow volumes. Phase 2 activities can cause reductions in seasonal variation in double mass curves compared with Phase 1. Restoration of seasonal variations was noticeably apparent at one site during Phase 3. The responses of the watersheds to rainfall intensities causing larger peak flow rates generally decreased due to mining and reclamation, but tended to exceed responses observed in Phase 1 during Phase 3. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) curve numbers increased due to mining and reclamation (Phase 2), ranging from 83 to 91. During Phase 3, curve numbers remained approximately constant from Phase 2, ranging from 87 to 91. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bonta, J V AU - Amerman, C R AU - Harlukowicz, T J AU - Dick, WA AD - Res. Hydraulic Engineer, USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Exptl. Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 907 EP - 918 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16228089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Impact+of+coal+surface+mining+on+three+Ohio+watersheds+-+Surface-water+hydrology&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BAmerman%2C+C+R%3BHarlukowicz%2C+T+J%3BDick%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphologic response of subalpine streams to transbasin flow diversion AN - 16227563; 4195512 AB - Flow has been diverted from Rocky Mountain streams for many years with little documentation of the impacts on physical form and biological function of the losing stream system. This study addresses whether differences in form can be detected in subalpine step-pool, plane bed, or pool-riffle channels and linked to changes in flow regime from diversion. Total annual discharge was reduced between 20 and 60 percent and average annual peak flow was reduced up to 45 percent in the subalpine systems assessed; channels were diverted between 20 and 100 years. Expected impacts include reduced conveyance and changes in vegetation growth patterns because formerly active surfaces are colonized by riparian species, effectuating shrinking channel capacity. In this study, reduced channel width is used as an indicator of morphologic response. Observed reductions in width, ranging from 35 to 50 percent at some sites, resulted not only from vegetation invasion of stable surfaces but also from the development of an inset beside former cut banks. This observation, however, was restricted to wider pool-riffle channels with gravel bars. Outside of these areas, morphologic changes were either subtle or absent. The absence of widespread response is attributed primarily to periodic "flooding" of the diverted channel. During wetter-than-average years when excess water is available, minimal flow is diverted and the hydrograph resembles a free-flowing regime. The release of high flow to the natural channel potentially offsets changes in form incurred during "dry" periods. The stable nature and structure of subalpine channels also contributes to the absence of reduced capacity. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Ryan, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., For. Sci. Lab., 222 South 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 839 EP - 854 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Morphologic+response+of+subalpine+streams+to+transbasin+flow+diversion&rft.au=Ryan%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS AN - 16227515; 4220906 AB - Nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants are recognized as the single greatest threat to surface and subsurface sources of drinking water throughout the world. The vadose zone serves as the conduit through which NPS pollutants travel through surface soil to groundwater supplies. Because of increased dependency on groundwater supplies, the ability to model groundwater vulnerability to the leaching of NPS pollutants through the vadose zone has grown in significance. Geographic information systems (GIS) have emerged as a useful tool in environmental modeling, particularly for NPS pollutants. A review is presented concerning the modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS. Areas discussed include the significance of NPS pollutants as a global environmental problem, the justification for the modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS, the basic components of environmental modeling with GIS, a review of existing GIS-based NPS pollutant models, the application of geostatistics to GIS-based NPS pollutant modeling, the influence of scale, the reliability of NPS pollutant models based on model error and data uncertainties, and the future direction of GIS-based NPS pollutant modeling. The proliferation of GIS-based NPS pollutant models holds promise, yet caution is needed to avoid misuse of a potentially valuable environmental assessment tool for decision makers. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Loague, K AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2157 EP - 2175 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - mathematical models KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Mathematical models KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Freshwater KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Aeration zone KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Pollutants KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Model studies KW - Geographical reference systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information systems KW - Hazard assessment KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Modeling+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone+with+GIS&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughan%2C+P+J%3BLoague%2C+K&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Mathematical models; Pollutants; Stormwater runoff; Groundwater pollution; Geographic information systems; Geographical reference systems; Hazard assessment; Risk assessment; Nonpoint pollution; Aeration zone; Model studies; Nonpoint pollution sources; Geographical information systems; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 AN - 16225535; 4226857 AB - A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H sub(2) in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO sub(2) (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H sub(2) was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and super(13)C-NMR and super(14)C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO sub(2) reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the expense of H sub(2). This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H sub(2) production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Shi, Y AU - Weimer, P J AU - Ralph, J AD - USDA/ARS, USDFRC, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 101 EP - 109 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - continuous culture KW - growth rate KW - pH KW - phosphoenolpyruvate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Formation+of+formate+and+hydrogen%2C+and+flux+of+reducing+equivalents+and+carbon+in+Ruminococcus+flavefaciens+FD-1&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y%3BWeimer%2C+P+J%3BRalph%2C+J&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of cyclodextrin production through use of debranching enzymes AN - 16219157; 4217145 AB - In the presence of a complexant and a debranching enzyme capable of cleaving alpha -(1 arrow right 6) linkages in alpha -D-glucans, Bacillus mascerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) converted starch, maltodextrin and glycogen into cyclodextrin (CD) in yields higher than those obtainable in the absence of debranching enzyme. The extent of yield enhancement by pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41; from Enterobacter aerogenes) was dependent upon temperature, type of substrate (including source of starch) and kind of complexant. Highest yields with pullulanase were attained generally by use of low temperature (15-25 degree C) and starches of low amylose content. At 25 degree C and pH 7, with cyclodecanone as complexant, 91-93% yields of beta -CD were obtainable from amylopectin, waxy-maize starch, and tapioca starch. With decan-1-ol as complexant, amylopectin was converted at 15 degree C into alpha -CD in 84% yield. With cyclotridecanone as complexant, amylopectin was converted at 40 degree C into gamma -CD in 72% yield. The debranching enzyme isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68; from Pseudomonas amyloderamosa) was also employed successfully to achieve high beta -CD yields. A 90% yield of beta -CD from amylopectin was obtained by applying isoamylase, CGTase and cyclodecanone at pH 6 and 25 degree C. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - cyclodextrin KW - cyclodextrins KW - debranching KW - debranching enzymes KW - enzymes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16219157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+cyclodextrin+production+through+use+of+debranching+enzymes&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiple fires on the structure of southwestern Washington forests AN - 16217182; 4221663 AB - Fire frequency, intensity, and size can influence the nature of forest development, with potentially profound effects on ecosystem processes and the abundance of native species. The effect of an intense wildfire and subsequent severe fires within a short period (reburns) on forest establishment, composition, and structure was examined in the 16,000 ha Siouxon Creek watershed in the western Cascades of southern Washington. Evidence of large intense fires and small patchy fires was found in the watershed, with 4 fires occurring since 1900. Tree establishment was rapid and abundant throughout most of the area burned in the 1902 fire, possibly from survival of on-site seed sources. Tree establishment was delayed on most reburns and corresponded with years of abundant regional Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) cone production, indicating off-site sources of seed. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) was less abundant on reburns than on the 1902 burn. The ranges of Douglas-fir ages within stands were greater on reburns than on single burns, but fire frequency effects could not be distinguished from potential stand age and composition effects. There were no clear patterns of tree species abundance related to presumed dispersal distances of up to 3 km from unburned forest. Fire frequency, topography, and seed source had important effects on forest structure and composition across the watershed. JF - Northwest Science AU - Gray, AN AU - Franklin, J F AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 174 EP - 185 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Washington KW - community structure KW - fires KW - forests KW - species composition KW - topography KW - Risk Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiple+fires+on+the+structure+of+southwestern+Washington+forests&rft.au=Gray%2C+AN%3BFranklin%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of viral concentration and body weight on mortality of larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to wild-type or recombinant strains of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16216493; 4221066 AB - A parental, wild-type strain of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and 2 recombinant strains, engineered to express a scorpion toxin (AcAaIT) or a juvenile hormone esterase (AcJHE-KK), were used to infect larvae of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner). Initial mortality of 1st, 4th, and 5th instars, regardless of the polyhedral inclusion body (PIB) concentration, was not detected earlier than the 2nd d after exposure. At equivalent concentrations of virus, the recombinant AcAaIT was the fastest acting strain followed by the recombinant AcJHE-KK and then the wild-type AcC6. Each doubling of the viral concentration of AcC6 decreased the LT sub(50) by similar to 5%. Therefore, an 8- to 16-fold increase in the concentration of virus of the wild-type AcC6 was needed to attain LT sub(50)s equivalent to that of the recombinants AcAaIT and AcJHE-KK. Six weight classes (ranging from 0.3 to 95 mg per larva) of T. ni larvae also were exposed to AcC6 or the recombinant strain AcAaIT. The recombinant AcAaIT always killed cabbage loopers more quickly than the wild AcC6 strain regardless of larval size. Differences in LT sub(50) between strains AcC6 and AcAaIT were significant for all weight classes except for larvae weighing 45-60 mg per larva. The greatest difference in the LT sub(50) of the strains was for 1st instars weighing 0.3-0.5 mg per larva and the least difference was for 3rd instars weighing 45-50 mg per larva. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 955 EP - 960 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Cabbage looper KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - biological control KW - larvae KW - mortality KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - pathogenicity KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16216493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+viral+concentration+and+body+weight+on+mortality+of+larvae+of+Trichoplusia+ni+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+exposed+to+wild-type+or+recombinant+strains+of+the+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+of+Autographa+californica+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment, soil N, and water stress on needle surface wax formation in Pinus palustris (Pinaceae) AN - 16214824; 4275132 AB - Interactive effects of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) with resource limitations on production of surface wax in plants have not been studied. Pinus palustris seedlings were grown for 1 yr at two levels of soil N (40 or 400 kg N super(.)ha super(-1) super(.)yr super(-1)) and water stress (-0.5 or -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential) in open-top field chambers under two levels of CO sub(2) (365 or 720 mu mol/mol). Needle surface wax content was determined at 8 mo (fall) and 12 mo (spring) and epicuticular wax morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 12 mo. Wax content expressed on both a leaf area and dry mass basis was increased due to main effects of low N and water stress. No main effects of CO sub(2) were observed; however, a CO sub(2) x N interaction at 12 mo indicated that under low soil N the elevated CO sub(2) treatment had less wax (surface area or dry mass basis) compared to its ambient counterpart. Morphologically, low N needle surfaces appeared rougher compared to those of high N needles due to more extensive wax ridges. Although the main effect of water treatment on wax density was not reflected by changes in wax morphology, the CO sub(2) x N interaction was paralleled by alterations in wax appearance. Decreases in density and less prominent epicuticular wax ridges resulting from growth under elevated CO sub(2) and limiting N suggest that dynamics of plant /atmosphere and plant/pathogen interactions may be altered. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Prior, SA AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Runion, G B AU - Rogers, H H AU - Mitchell, R J AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Dynamics Lab., P. O. Box 3439, Auburn, AL 36831-3439, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1070 EP - 1077 VL - 84 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - wax KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16214824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Influence+of+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment%2C+soil+N%2C+and+water+stress+on+needle+surface+wax+formation+in+Pinus+palustris+%28Pinaceae%29&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BPritchard%2C+S+G%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BMitchell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1070&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling whiteflies in cotton: Validation and analysis of enumerative and binomial plans AN - 16119530; 4209660 AB - We tested enumerative and binomial sampling plans developed for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in 3,240 ha of commercial cotton as part of the implementation of a community-wide integrated pest management (IPM) program in Laveen and Tolleson, AZ, in 1994. We compared new field observations to sampling distribution models developed previously for all lifestages, and validated and analyzed the performance of 5 sampling plans based on these models by resampling field data from 129 to 284 sites. Mean-variance relationships for the new data differed statistically from mean-variance models previously developed for adults, but not for eggs or nymphs. Resampling analyses indicated that desired precision (SE to mean ratio) was rarely achieved, on average, by fixed-precision sequential sampling plans. These enumerative sampling plans provided better precision than desired at moderate to high densities of eggs and adults and worse precision than desired at most densities of nymphs. An empirical model relating mean density to the proportion of leaves infested with 3 or more adult B. tabaci was accurate at mean densities < 2 adults per leaf but over-predicted mean density at densities. Resampling analysis revealed that a sequential sampling plan based on this empirical model was accurate at classifying population density relative to an action threshold of 5 adults per leaf. At nominal alpha and beta error rates of 0.10, population density was correctly classified approximately 87% of the time. Accuracy was not improved by reducing nominal error rates to 0.05. Resampling analysis of a fixed-sample size plan based on n = 30 gave similar results and increasing sample size to 50 increased accuracy only 3%. Further resampling analyses that more closely approximated scouting protocols (15 sample units drawn from each of 2 quadrants in the field) resulted in an average accuracy of approximately 70%. Accuracy declined when populations densities differed greatly among quadrants in a field. Most of this error was associated with making a decision to control when pest density was below the action threshold. Based on a robust validation technique using field observations representing a wide range of environmental and agronomic conditions, our sampling plans performed well and should be useful for estimating and classifying population densities of B. tabaci in cotton over a wide area. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Diehl, J W AU - Ellsworth, P C AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 777 EP - 788 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Scale insects KW - Treehoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - statistical analysis KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - sampling KW - USA, Arizona KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Sampling+whiteflies+in+cotton%3A+Validation+and+analysis+of+enumerative+and+binomial+plans&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BDiehl%2C+J+W%3BEllsworth%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Gossypium hirsutum; Homoptera; USA, Arizona; sampling; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - (Z)-11-Eicosen-1-ol, a major component of Apis cerana venom AN - 16118263; 4215408 AB - The unusual venom of Apis cerana contains large oily droplets within an otherwise aqueous secretion. Chemical analysis (GC-MS) revealed that the venom oil consists of (Z)- 11-eicosen-1-ol (81.2%), other linear alcohols (7.7%), and linear hydrocarbons (11.1%). The eicosenol is present in extremely large quantities, averaging over 250 mu g per insect, and is absent, or present in small quantities, in other parts of the sting apparatus. An investigation of the site of eicosenol storage in A. mellifera showed it to be absent from the venom and to be associated with the setose area where the more volatile components of the alarm pheromone are stored, as previously shown by others. A third honeybee species, A. dorsata, does not to contain the alcohol. The function of eicosenol in A. cerana in not clear, but may serve to mark stung intruders with pheromone or to attract foragers to marked floral resources. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schmidt, JO AU - Morgan, ED AU - Oldham, N J AU - Do Nascimento, RR AU - Dani AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1929 EP - 1939 VL - 23 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - chemical analysis KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - venom KW - Apis cerana KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - X 24173:Animals KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16118263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=%28Z%29-11-Eicosen-1-ol%2C+a+major+component+of+Apis+cerana+venom&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO%3BMorgan%2C+ED%3BOldham%2C+N+J%3BDo+Nascimento%2C+RR%3BDani&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Apis cerana; Hymenoptera; venom ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) population dynamics and impact of natural enemies in the Montpellier region of southern France AN - 16117436; 4215241 AB - In a 2-yr field survey in the Montpellier region of southern France, mean density of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) varied greatly within and among fields and sample dates. Peak densities in the spring were from 70 plus or minus 17 to 532 plus or minus 143 aphids per square meter, which is 40-100 times lower than reported in the United States Spatial variation in D. noxia density was strong at the scale of tillers and 1-m super(2) quadrats. Predator density and parasitism varied greatly among fields and sample dates. At the scales of fields and 1-m super(2) quadrats, predator density correlated positively with D. noxia density. When D. noxia population growth rate over each sample interval in each field was regressed stepwise on plant maturity, rainfall, temperature, and the densities of D. noxia, parasitoids, and predators, the only variable included in the regression model was predator density. D. noxia population growth rate declined with predator density, suggesting that predators limited D. noxia abundance. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Chen, K AU - Hopper, K R AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 866 EP - 875 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - France KW - natural enemies KW - Aphididae KW - population dynamics KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16117436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Diuraphis+noxia+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+population+dynamics+and+impact+of+natural+enemies+in+the+Montpellier+region+of+southern+France&rft.au=Chen%2C+K%3BHopper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Diuraphis noxia; France; population dynamics; natural enemies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Embryonic diapause in Aulocara elliotti and Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Low-temperature relationships AN - 16116589; 4215238 AB - Controlled environmental chambers were used to determine the effect of constant low temperatures (0-18 degree C) on diapause termination of the eggs of Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) and Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder), species that require low temperatures for diapause termination. When eggs of A. elliotti and A. deorum were incubated at 30 degree C without low-temperature treatments, 6.1% of A. elliotti hatched after approximately 36 d of incubation and 1.5% of A. deorum hatched after approximately 46 d of incubation. Exposure times (days) to selected constant low temperatures ranged from 15 to 100 d. For both species, the greatest hatch at all low temperatures was induced with exposures of >60 d. Optimum conditions for diapause termination of A. elliotti were calculated to be between 75 and 98 d exposure to 6.6-8 degree C. Optimum conditions for diapause termination of A. deorum were calculated to be between 75 and 77 d exposure to 7-8.6 degree C. These studies provide insight about the univoltinism of these insects and offer evidence that with these species, embryonic diapause terminates before the prolonged subfreezing temperatures of winter. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fisher, J R AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS-PWA, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 906 EP - 911 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Orthoptera KW - Bigheaded grasshopper KW - Grasshoppers KW - Short-horned grasshoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - cold tolerance KW - Acrididae KW - diapause KW - Aulocara elliotti KW - Ageneotettix deorum KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Embryonic+diapause+in+Aulocara+elliotti+and+Ageneotettix+deorum+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29%3A+Low-temperature+relationships&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aulocara elliotti; Ageneotettix deorum; Acrididae; diapause; cold tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three bioremediation agents for mineralization and transformation of pentachlorophenol in soil AN - 16112967; 4215588 AB - Bacteria and fungi have been proposed as bioremediation agents for soil polluted with pentachlorophenol (PCP), and have been studied separately under various conditions. Because rate and extent of PCP degradation, as well as formation of transformation products, can differ among PCP-metabolizing microbes and can be influenced by soil conditions, the study described here compares the activity under similar soil conditions of two bacteria (strains of Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium) and a fungus (Phanerochaete sordida) with respect to laboratory-scale bioremediation of a sandy, low-organic matter soil that was amended with known quantities of radiolabelled PCP. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Pfender, W F AU - Maggard, S P AU - Gander, L K AU - Watrud, L S AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage and Turf Seed Res. Cent., 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 230 EP - 237 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - bacteria KW - fungi KW - soil remediation KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Phanerochaete sordida KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Flavobacterium KW - Pseudomonas KW - bioremediation KW - mineralization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+bioremediation+agents+for+mineralization+and+transformation+of+pentachlorophenol+in+soil&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F%3BMaggard%2C+S+P%3BGander%2C+L+K%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Flavobacterium; bioremediation; soil remediation; bacteria; fungi; mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preference of Gossypium genotypes to Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16109300; 4208006 AB - Several Gossypium species and genotypes were evaluated in field and greenhouse tests in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, for preference to the whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. Genotypes within G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum, and G. arboreum were examined, including commercial and obsolete cultivars (cultivars that are no longer commercially produced), and modern and diploid genotypes. These genotypes possessed different leaf shapes, pubescence, and foliage color. Field results showed that the highest whitefly populations were on 'Stoneville 453' and the modern genotype 89F46h. The lowest populations were on the obsolete 'Lone Star' and genotypes 88G104 and 'MACAOS'. Greenhouse choice bioassays indicated that several genotypes from G. hirsutum had lower egg or nymph numbers than 'Deltapine 50', including Lone Star, MACAOS, 88G104, and 89E62. Greenhouse bioassays appeared to provide information comparable to field testing, at least for whitefly oviposition. Therefore, in preliminary screening tests where cotton seed is in short supply or certain genotypes cannot be incorporated into field testing, greenhouse bioassays can offer a complementary method. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Meagher, RL Jr AU - Smith, C W AU - Smith, W J AD - USDA-ARS CMAVE, 1700 S.W. 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1046 EP - 1052 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - genotypes KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Gossypium KW - food preferences KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Preference+of+Gossypium+genotypes+to+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Meagher%2C+RL+Jr%3BSmith%2C+C+W%3BSmith%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Meagher&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Gossypium; USA, Texas; food preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of strain and access to males on female longevity, lifetime oviposition rate, and egg fertility of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16106387; 4204964 AB - The effect of mating frequency on fertility and fecundity over the lifetime of an insect is a major factor influencing reproductive behavior. In this study I tested the relationship between oviposition, egg fertility, and longevity of individual females under conditions of single mating or multiple mating opportunities. Percentage of eggs that were fertile decreased after approximately 3 wk of egg production for single mated females of old lines. New lines either had decreased egg fertility or decreased oviposition when no additional males were available. Repeated exposure to males decreased female longevity in all tests, effects of access to males on oviposition rates varied considerably among females. Profiles of egg production rates of the groups over the adult lifespan were not consistent for the 2 sets of tests for either old or new strains. This study indicated that several factors such as degree of adaptation to rearing conditions and access to males can affect female longevity, total egg production, and fertility. These effects, however, also appear to be influenced by environmental conditions and may vary considerably between experiments. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mangan, R L AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., Subtropical Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 945 EP - 954 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - males KW - females KW - Diptera KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - Tephritidae KW - eggs KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+strain+and+access+to+males+on+female+longevity%2C+lifetime+oviposition+rate%2C+and+egg+fertility+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Mangan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Diptera; longevity; oviposition; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acoustic counting of adult insects with differing rates and intensities of sound production in stored wheat AN - 16100843; 4201445 AB - Automated acoustic detection systems count the insects in a grain sample by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of sounds. The acoustic location fixing insect detector is an automated system developed originally to quantify hidden larval infestations in 1-kg samples of wheat. The detector analyzes input from an array of sensors embedded in the sample container walls. It identifies (scores) a specific pattern of input as an insect if the spatial and temporal distribution matches the criteria based on a calibration with 4th-instar rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L). However, expanded testing has revealed considerable differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of sounds made by insects of different species and sizes. These differences were examined in a series of tests with insects that range an order of magnitude above and below the 1.5-mg weight of the S. oryzae larvae. A particular focus was the detection order of the first 2 sensors registering each sound. Multiple sounds from an insect tend to cluster together into a small number of contiguous 1st:2nd sensor detection pairs, but the pattern for background noises is random. It was determined that the cluster size, the number of contiguous 1st:2nd detection pairs, was proportional to insect weight. The rate of sound detection was inversely proportional to weight. Thus, to reliably count insects with widely varying sound production patterns, the sound pattern identification algorithm needs to self correct, depending on the input received from the grain sample. Adults or larvae generating large numbers of loud sounds, typically weighing >1 mg, can be scored in a few seconds, but those generating small numbers of weak sounds, typically 10 min. The possibility of using differences in cluster size to distinguish among species is also discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mankin, R W AU - Shuman, D AU - Coffelt, JA AD - USDA-ARS Cent. for Med., Agric., and Veterinary Entomol., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1032 EP - 1038 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - stored products KW - Sitophilus oryzae KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Curculionidae KW - sound production KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Acoustic+counting+of+adult+insects+with+differing+rates+and+intensities+of+sound+production+in+stored+wheat&rft.au=Mankin%2C+R+W%3BShuman%2C+D%3BCoffelt%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Mankin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Sitophilus oryzae; Triticum aestivum; population levels; sound production; stored products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Components of the stilbene optical brightener tinopal LPW as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 16100783; 4207312 AB - The optical brightener Tinopal LPW is a derivative of triazinyldiaminostilbene sulfonic acid, and consists of 1,3,5-triazine, stilbene, and sulfonic acid components. These components and derivatives were compared with Tinopal LPW to determine the source of activity enhancement for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus. None of the components or derivatives was as active as Tinopal LPW. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Argauer, R AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 899 EP - 904 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - baculovirus KW - optical brighteners KW - pathogenicity KW - stilbene KW - tinopal LPW KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Baculovirus KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Components+of+the+stilbene+optical+brightener+tinopal+LPW+as+enhancers+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BArgauer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; pathogenicity; Baculovirus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the United States that express resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) AN - 16096528; 4201448 AB - The purposes of this study were to select honey bees, Apis mellifera L., for resistance to varroa mites, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, and to find a probable cause for this resistance. As a genetic source, we assembled 8 colonies that we thought had potential for resistance to varroa. Queens and drones were propagated from this group to produce 43 instrumentally inseminated queens, each queen mated to only 1 drone. Colonies from 27 of these queens were tested in Louisiana and 16 were tested in Michigan. Each colony in the Louisiana test began with 986 plus or minus 13 g (mean plus or minus SD) of bees and approximately 290 mites; Michigan colonies began with 3,212 plus or minus 171 bees and approximately 51 mites. The populations of mites and bees were measured 10 wk later. Three of the 43 colonies had fewer mites at the end of the test than at the beginning. During the experiment, we evaluated each colony for grooming behavior, hygienic behavior, the duration of the postcapping period, and the frequency of nonreproducing mites in brood cells. Of these 4 characteristics, only nonreproduction of mites was highly related to a change in the mite population. The duration of the postcapping period was marginally related, and the other 2 characteristics were apparently unrelated to the growth of the mite population. This study showed that resistance to varroa mites is present in the honey bee population in the United States, nonreproduction of mites was highly correlated with the growth of a mite population, and nonreproduction of mites may be a valuable characteristic for selecting bees for resistance to varroa mites. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Harbo, J R AU - Hoopingarner, R A AD - Honey Bee Breeding, Genet. and Physiol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 893 EP - 898 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Varroa jacobsoni KW - pest resistance KW - USA, Michigan KW - Varroidae KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Acari KW - Apidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16096528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+in+the+United+States+that+express+resistance+to+Varroa+jacobsoni+%28Mesostigmata%3A+Varroidae%29&rft.au=Harbo%2C+J+R%3BHoopingarner%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Harbo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Acari; Apis mellifera; Varroa jacobsoni; Varroidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Louisiana; USA, Michigan; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a subcutaneously administered, ultraviolet light-killed Pasteurella multocida A:3-containing bacterin against transthoracic challenge exposure in goats AN - 16091968; 4200725 AB - Objective--To determine the effectiveness of Pasteurella multocida biovar A, serovar 3 (Pm A:3) killed by exposure to UV light and incorporated with a polyacrylate bead carrier as a vaccine. Animals--18 weanling male Spanish goats. Procedure--Prospective, randomized controlled study with 3 treatment groups: positive-control (PC), negative-control (NC), and principal Pm A:3 bacterin (PA) groups. Six PC goats each received live Pm A:3 and polyacrylate beads twice, 22 days apart, by transthoracic injection into the left lung. Six NC goats each received only PA beads twice, 22 days apart, by transthoracic injection. Six principal goats each received Pm A:3 vaccine SC twice, 22 days apart. Fourteen days after the second vaccination, all goats were challenge exposed with live Pm A:3 by transthoracic injection into the right lung, and 4 days later they were euthanatized and necropsied. Results--Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue at the challenge site was 1.75 cm super(3) for the PC group, 15.18 cm super(3) for the NC group, and 3.9 cm super(3) for the PA vaccine group. The NC group had a significantly (P less than or equal to 0.002) larger mean volume of consolidated lung tissue than did the PC and PA groups after challenge exposure. Conclusions--The PA bacterin and the PC groups developed protective immunity against live Pm A:3 challenge exposure. An SC administered, UV light-killed, Pm A:3 bacterin induced protective immunity similar to that induced by virulent live Pm A:3 injected into the target organ, the lung. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Ayers, J R AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 841 EP - 847 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - U.V. radiation KW - bacterins KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+subcutaneously+administered%2C+ultraviolet+light-killed+Pasteurella+multocida+A%3A3-containing+bacterin+against+transthoracic+challenge+exposure+in+goats&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BAyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; U.V. radiation; vaccines; bacterins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid changes in concentration of herbicides in corn field surface depressions AN - 16080910; 4113202 AB - Although herbicide concentrations in runoff water leaving treated fields have long been evaluated, reports of in-field concentrations in water that may infiltrate before runoff begins, are lacking. To characterize this potential contribution to ground water contamination, we treated one plowed and two no-till corn fields with 2 and 3 lb per acre (2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha), respectively, of atrazine and alachlor. We used a simulator to rain on plots within the fields 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days after herbicide application and collected water that accumulated in surface depressions 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after initial ponding. Highest atrazine concentrations were found in t = 0 samples on day 1, ranging up to 2 mg/L in the no-till and 10 mg/L in the plowed areas. At 5 and 30 minutes later, concentrations averaged 2/3 and 1/4 of the t = 0 values, respectively. Alachlor concentrations were 1/2 to 1/3 of atrazine values in the same samples. By day 32 initial concentrations of both herbicides were about 10% of those on day 1 and continued to decrease during the 30-minute sampling period. The rapid decreases in herbicide concentration indicate that significant infiltration of herbicides in preferential flow paths is probably limited to the early parts of the first few storms following application. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Edwards, WM AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Lal, R AU - Owens, L B AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Exptl. Watershed, Coshocton, OH, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 277 EP - 281 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - tillage KW - corn KW - alachlor KW - simulated rainfall KW - temporal distribution KW - preferential flow KW - research facilities KW - puddling KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - agricultural runoff KW - herbicides KW - USA, Ohio, Coshocton KW - atrazine KW - infiltration KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16080910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rapid+changes+in+concentration+of+herbicides+in+corn+field+surface+depressions&rft.au=Edwards%2C+WM%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BLal%2C+R%3BOwens%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; corn; atrazine; alachlor; simulated rainfall; temporal distribution; groundwater pollution; infiltration; preferential flow; watersheds; research facilities; puddling; agricultural runoff; herbicides; USA, Ohio, Coshocton ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of disturbances in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks AN - 16078806; 4113203 AB - The U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service (NPS) has adopted a policy of restoration of all disturbed sites related to road construction, visitor impact, and facility maintenance. The NPS is committed to maintaining the genetic integrity of the often unique native flora, with secondary goals of erosion control, competition with exotic and noxious invasive plants, and improved overall aesthetics of a disturbed site. In 1985, with financial support of the Federal Highway Administration, both Yellowstone National Park (northwestern Wyoming) and Glacier National Park (northwestern Montana) initiated a restoration program that involved topsoil and plant salvage, native indigenous seed collection and production, plant propagation from seed and cuttings, and extensive seeding and planting of disturbed sites. A nationwide cooperative agreement between the National Park Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service Plant Materials Centers (PMCs) was established in 1986 to assist in the determination of which native species could be readily collected, increased, and successfully reestablished on disturbed sites. The decision by the NPS to adopt a restoration policy has generated many unanswered questions and much controversy concerning the protection and preservation of the indigenous gene pools, e.g., the following: What plant species can be considered indigenous to an open disturbance in a forest community? What constitutes the limits of a genotype? How far away from the project area can plant propagules be collected and still be within these limits? What species can be readily collected and produced using standard agricultural techniques? By taking seed outside of the park to a dissimilar environment to increase seed or plants, is genetic drift or natural selection going to impact the genetic integrity of the plant material? What type of plant community is an acceptable restoration goal? JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Majerus, M AD - USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Cent., Bridger, MT, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 232 EP - 236 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park KW - USA, Montana, Glacier National Park KW - Seeds KW - plant populations KW - rehabilitation KW - topsoil KW - interagency cooperation KW - environmental restoration KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park KW - national parks KW - environmental protection KW - USA, Montana, Glacier Natl. Park KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+disturbances+in+Yellowstone+and+Glacier+National+Parks&rft.au=Majerus%2C+M&rft.aulast=Majerus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - national parks; Seeds; plant populations; rehabilitation; topsoil; interagency cooperation; environmental protection; USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park; USA, Montana, Glacier Natl. Park; environmental restoration; ecosystem disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of historical and current farming systems on groundwater nitrate in Northern Missouri AN - 16077920; 4113201 AB - A major objective of the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) Project has been to assess farming system impact on NO sub(3)-N concentrations in shallow aquifers. In Missouri our interest was to assess farming systems on the claypan soil/glacial aquifer. Three fields were selected and instrumented with groundwater wells in the spring of 1991. Wells were sampled quarterly and analyzed for NO sub(3)-N. Average NO sub(3)-N concentration since 1991 was 7 mg l super(-1), but 25% of the wells had NO sub(3)-N in excess of 10 mg l super(-1). In one field, NO sub(3) concentrations were much higher and are still decreasing after apparently receiving excess nitrogen (N) from manure and N fertilizer before 1980. Long-term N management has long-term impacts on groundwater quality in this aquifer. Current farming systems are probably affecting groundwater quality, but, because of the glacial till's apparent buffer for NO sub(3) storage, groundwater NO sub(3) concentration changes are slow. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kitchen, N R AU - Blanchard, P E AU - Hughes, D F AU - Lerch, R N AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Cropping Systems and Water Quality Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 272 EP - 277 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - MSEA Project KW - storage KW - USA, Missouri, Northern KW - farming KW - agricultural practices KW - agrochemicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - fertilizers KW - water quality KW - manure KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Impact+of+historical+and+current+farming+systems+on+groundwater+nitrate+in+Northern+Missouri&rft.au=Kitchen%2C+N+R%3BBlanchard%2C+P+E%3BHughes%2C+D+F%3BLerch%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; farming; water quality; groundwater pollution; manure; Aquifers; fertilizers; agricultural practices; agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro super(14)C-amino acid fermentation by CF3 super(TM), a characterized continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture of caecal bacteria AN - 16073572; 4110765 AB - Competition for growth-limiting nutrients by broiler caecal bacteria and Salmonella has been suggested as one factor associated with decreased Salmonella caecal colonization. The amino acids arginine, aspartic acid, serine and threonine have been indicated as Salmonella growth-limiting nutrients. Broiler caecal bacteria maintained in a continuous-flow culture (CF3 super(TM)) were used as inoculum for media containing super(14)C-arginine, super(14)C-aspartic acid, super(14)C-serine or super(14)C-threonine. The super(14)C-labelled amino acids, except super(14)C-arginine, were metabolized to lactic, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. In glucose-based media, 72%, 72% and 33% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, were detected in organic acids. Fermentation without glucose resulted in 48%, 50% and 71% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, being detected in organic acids. Results indicated that the early establishment of CF3 super(TM) in young chicks may result in the depletion of growth-limiting amino acids and, therefore, reduction of Salmonella colonization. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Hume, ME AU - Nisbet, D J AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 236 EP - 242 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - chickens KW - caecal bacteria KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - continuous culture KW - amino acids KW - fermentation KW - Media (culture) KW - culture KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+super%2814%29C-amino+acid+fermentation+by+CF3+super%28TM%29%2C+a+characterized+continuous-flow+competitive+exclusion+culture+of+caecal+bacteria&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - continuous culture; culture; amino acids; fermentation; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem AN - 16059810; 4107450 AB - A flatwoods longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem, which regenerated naturally following wildfire in 1942, on the Coastal Plain of southern Georgia was treated over a period of four decades with prescribed fire at annual, biennial and triennial intervals during the winter dormant season. Burning caused substantial changes in the understory plant community, with significant reductions in the foliar cover of Ilex glabra in the shrub layer resulting in corresponding increases in the cover of Vaccinium myrsinites, Sporobolus curtissii, Aristida stricta and Andropogon spp. Understory plant species richness, diversity and evenness also increased as a result of periodic fire. Dormant-season burning decreased the cover of litter on the forest floor and significantly increased the standing biomass of A. stricta, S. curtissii, Andropogon spp., all other grasses and all forbs. Recurrent fire also prevented the development of a vigorous midstory, that impedes understory growth and poses a serious fire hazard to the stand. Overstory trees were largely unaffected by burning. Historical light grazing on the site produced no measurable effects on the plant community. Findings suggest that the biennial burning interval results in declines of I. glabra in the shrub layer and litter cover on the forest floor, leading to the largest increases in understory plant species richness and diversity and the biomass productivity of grasses and forbs. Although flatwoods plant communities evolved in environments characterized by growing-season fires of variable frequency, long-term application of dormant-season fire is also recommended as a useful option for sustaining resource values in this and similar longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - Lewis, CE AD - Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 2205 Columbia Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 167 EP - 183 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 96 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Inberry KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - community composition KW - Aristida stricta KW - Vaccinium myrsinites KW - Sporobolus curtissii KW - Ilex glabra KW - Pinus palustris KW - USA, Georgia KW - savannahs KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+dormant-season+prescribed+fire+on+plant+community+diversity%2C+structure+and+productivity+in+a+longleaf+pine+wiregrass+ecosystem&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G%3BLewis%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ilex glabra; Pinus palustris; Sporobolus curtissii; Vaccinium myrsinites; Aristida stricta; USA, Georgia; fires; community composition; savannahs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sth132I, a novel class-IIS restriction endonuclease of Streptococcus thermophilus ST132 AN - 16059100; 4107462 AB - The Sth132I restriction endonuclease (R.Sth132I) was detected in Streptococcus thermophilus ST132 and purified to near homogeneity by heparin Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. Fragments from Sth132I digestion of plasmid DNA were subcloned into pUC19 in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and sequenced. Sequence analysis of inserts and their ligation junction sites revealed that Sth132I is a novel class-IIS restriction endonuclease, which recognizes the non-palindromic sequence5'-CCCG(N)4-3'3'-GGGC(N)8-5'. JF - Gene AU - Poch, M T AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 201 EP - 206 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - deoxyribonuclease Sth132I KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Sth132I%2C+a+novel+class-IIS+restriction+endonuclease+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus+ST132&rft.au=Poch%2C+M+T%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rethinking remediation technologies for desertified landscapes AN - 16047662; 4098652 AB - Shrub-dominated communities have replaced native grasslands throughout much of the arid Southwest during the past 120 years. Most currently available remediation technologies are uneconomical due to large inputs of energy, fertilizers, herbicides and labor, or are ecologically ineffective due to harsh environments and the highly competitive nature of these native shrubs. Our analysis of these historical remediation technologies together with new information on ecosystem processes has led us to pursue an ecologically-based approach in which more limited inputs are targeted to promote natural processes of regeneration. Advantages to this approach include lower costs, reduced reliance on agronomic practices, and maintenance of natural landscape features. Disadvantages include longer time required for desired changes to occur, and a need for increased understanding of arid land processes. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Herrick, JE AU - Havstad, K M AU - Coffin, D P AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exp. Range, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003 USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 220 EP - 225 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - desertification KW - arid lands KW - arid environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - technology KW - remediation KW - grasses KW - USA KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16047662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rethinking+remediation+technologies+for+desertified+landscapes&rft.au=Herrick%2C+JE%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BCoffin%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - desertification; remediation; grasses; arid lands; technology; USA; arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of meta-phenylenediamine by the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AN - 79239330; 9268039 AB - Promutagens/procarcinogens arylamines are widely distributed in the environment. While it is accepted that these compounds can be metabolized to ultimate mutagens in mammals and higher plants, in aquatic plants they have not yet been explored. Intact wild-type and repair-deficient strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain were assayed for their ability to activate meta-phenylenediamine (m-PDA) to an ultimate mutagen. The different responses of the algal wild-type strain and repair-deficient strains to the toxic and mutagenic effects of m-PDA were observed. Recombination repair played an important role in repair of damage induced to C. reinhardtii DNA by this arylamine. The examined isomer of phenylenediamine induced mutations in both algal and yeast cells. m-PDA was activated in the algal cell/microbe coincubation assay in which algal cells were used as an activating system and bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the genetic indicator organisms. This new assay is, in addition to the animal microsome metabolizing system and the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, suitable for the detection of environmental promutagens and their conversion to mutagens mainly in aquatic environments. JF - Mutation research AU - Vlcek, D AU - Miadoková, E AU - Vlckova, V AU - Slaninová, M AU - Podstavková, S AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. vlcek@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 143 EP - 151 VL - 391 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Phenylenediamines KW - 3-phenylenediamine KW - OE624J2447 KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- drug effects KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- metabolism KW - Phenylenediamines -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- genetics KW - Phenylenediamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79239330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+meta-phenylenediamine+by+the+alga+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii.&rft.au=Vlcek%2C+D%3BMiadokov%C3%A1%2C+E%3BVlckova%2C+V%3BSlaninov%C3%A1%2C+M%3BPodstavkov%C3%A1%2C+S&rft.aulast=Vlcek&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-14&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for light-dependent and light-independent protein dephosphorylation in chloroplasts. AN - 79232989; 9271212 AB - A number of photosystem II (PSII) associated proteins, including core proteins D1, D2 and CP43, and several proteins of the LHCII complex, are phosphorylated by a thylakoid-bound, redox-regulated kinase(s). We demonstrate here that the compound propyl gallate is an effective inhibitor of LHCII phosphorylation in vivo while having little effect on PSII core protein phosphorylation. Using this inhibitor, we demonstrate that LHCII dephosphorylation is insensitive to light in vivo. Taken together with our previous conclusion (Elich et al., EMBO J. 12 (1993) 4857-4862) that PSII core protein dephosphorylation is light-stimulated, our data suggest the presence of multiple phosphatases responsible for thylakoid protein dephosphorylation in vivo. JF - FEBS letters AU - Elich, T D AU - Edelman, M AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA/ARS, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 236 EP - 238 VL - 411 IS - 2-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Photosystem II Protein Complex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Propyl Gallate KW - 8D4SNN7V92 KW - Diuron KW - 9I3SDS92WY KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorylation KW - Diuron -- pharmacology KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Propyl Gallate -- pharmacology KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- metabolism KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Light KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Chloroplasts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79232989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+light-dependent+and+light-independent+protein+dephosphorylation+in+chloroplasts.&rft.au=Elich%2C+T+D%3BEdelman%2C+M%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Elich&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-14&rft.volume=411&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FIFRA-88, GLP, and QA: pesticide registration. AN - 79572990; 9509549 AB - The 1988 amendment to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA-88) has decreased the number of pesticide registrations in the United States. Subsequent implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and quality assurance (QA) standards has increased costs of maintaining these registrations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) maintains approximately 30 Section 3 (federal) or Section 24c (state) vertebrate pesticide registrations for the Wildlife Services (WS) program to control wild mammals and birds that damage crops, impact endangered species, or pose human health risks. Under FIFRA-88, APHIS summarized, performed, and submitted or gained waivers for > 500 studies requested by the U.S. EPA to assess potential hazards/effects of these pesticides. A summary of FIFRA-88 milestones for registration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH), the active ingredient (AI) in a "low-volume, minor-use" avicide (DRC-1339, Starlicide), is used to illustrate GLP/QA/animal welfare issues involved in this process. Trends in the development of new pesticides and veterinary drugs are compared to provide some perspectives on future career paths for QA professionals. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Sterner, R T AU - Fagerstone, K A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80524-2719, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 171 EP - 182 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Animal Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Birds KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Registries KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Conservation of Natural Resources -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79572990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=FIFRA-88%2C+GLP%2C+and+QA%3A+pesticide+registration.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T%3BFagerstone%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of the pollen-expressed LAT59 gene of tomato. AN - 79245771; 9278171 AB - We describe the complete genomic sequences for the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of tomato LAT59, a previously described member of a family of pectate lyase-like genes. Translation of the tobacco gene, Nt59, predicts a protein with 93.5% overall amino acid similarity to LAT59. Nt59 has two introns whose positions are exactly conserved with the two introns of LAT59. Both LAT59 and Nt59 are specifically expressed in pollen and their promoter and 5'-UTR sequences are highly similar. Furthermore, two promoter elements shown to be important for pollen expression of LAT59 are conserved in the Nt59 promoter. The Arabidopsis homologue, At59, was found by examination of four candidates. At59 has 72.6% amino acid similarity to LAT59 and the position of one of its two introns is conserved with one of the LAT59 introns. At59 is also pollen-expressed and although its promoter sequence is quite different from the Nt59 and LAT59 promoters, the two promoter elements are somewhat conserved. JF - Plant molecular biology AU - Kulikauskas, R AU - McCormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS-UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 809 EP - 814 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- enzymology KW - Arabidopsis -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Pollen -- genetics KW - Pollen -- enzymology KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- genetics KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79245771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+tobacco+and+Arabidopsis+homologues+of+the+pollen-expressed+LAT59+gene+of+tomato.&rft.au=Kulikauskas%2C+R%3BMcCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kulikauskas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U83621; GENBANK; U83620; U83622; U95924; U83619; U85646 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatotroph function in the neonatal pig. AN - 79217378; 9260062 AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate developmental changes in somatotroph function and related gene expression in neonatal pigs. Male piglets were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age (8/age group) for the collection of tissue and blood. Serum concentrations of GH were determined. Quantitations of mRNA were performed for pituitary Pit-1, GH, and GHRH receptor. Cultures of pituitary cells from each pig were stimulated with 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 nM GHRH; 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. Elevated serum concentrations of GH were observed at 1 d of age, followed by a pronounced decrease to basal levels thereafter (P < 0.0001). A mild transient increase in circulating GH occurred at Day 28. In vitro GH secretion was significantly stimulated by secretagogue treatments (P < 0.0001). Age-related declines in in vitro GH secretion were observed regardless of if the cells were stimulated by GHRH or by secretagogues that bypass the GHRH receptor (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH content varied with age (P = 0.01). Levels of pituitary GH mRNA (P = 0.01) and GHRH receptor mRNA (P = 0.0002) decreased with age. The quantity of GHRH receptor mRNA was correlated with GH mRNA levels (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), serum GH concentrations (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), and in vitro GH secretion (r = 0.66, P = 0.001). Pituitary Pit-1 mRNA levels at 7 and 14 d of age were significantly elevated relative to all other sampling times (P = 0.0002). Levels of Pit-1 and GH mRNAs were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P = 0.003). These results demonstrate a strong developmental regulation of somatotrophic function and related gene expression during the early neonatal period of the pig. Age-related decreases in secretory function may be mediated by concurrent mechanisms relating to the expression of the GHRH receptor and of GH. JF - Domestic animal endocrinology AU - Matteri, R L AU - Carroll, J A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0739-7240, 0739-7240 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Phospholipid Transfer Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone KW - somatotropin releasing hormone receptor KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- genetics KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- analysis KW - Linear Models KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- analysis KW - Male KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - RNA, Messenger -- chemistry KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- analysis KW - Base Sequence KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Carrier Proteins -- analysis KW - Receptors, Neuropeptide -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Swine -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- genetics KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- secretion KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- analysis KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior -- cytology KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79217378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Somatotroph+function+in+the+neonatal+pig.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BCarroll%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.issn=07397240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between aerobic bacteria, salmonellae and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. AN - 79075027; 9200241 AB - Broiler carcasses were removed from commercial processing lines immediately after defeathering, before chilling, and after chilling to determine whether any relationship exists between aerobic bacteria and the human enteropathogens salmonellae and Campylobacter. In two experiments, a whole carcass rinse procedure was used to sample 30 carcasses after defeathering, 90 carcasses before chilling, and 90 carcasses after chilling, for a total of 210 different carcasses. Aerobic bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated and the incidence of salmonellae was determined. Salmonellae and Campylobacter incidences were 20 and 94%, respectively, for all carcasses sampled. After picking, neither salmonellae-positive nor Campylobacter-positive carcasses had mean aerobic most probable number (MPN) values that were different from carcasses negative for those organisms. Immediately before chilling, aerobic and Campylobacter counts were 7.12 and 5.33 log10 cfu per carcass, respectively. Immersion chilling reduced aerobic counts by approximately 1.8 log and Campylobacter by 1.5 log, with no change in salmonellae-positive carcasses. There was no difference in aerobic or Campylobacter counts between carcasses that were positive or negative for salmonellae at any of the sampling locations, nor was any correlation found between levels of aerobic organisms and Campylobacter. Carcasses with aerobic counts above the mean or more than one standard deviation above the mean also failed to show any correlation. Discriminant analysis indicated error rates as high as 50% when numbers of aerobic bacteria were used to predict incidence of salmonellae or Campylobacter on individual carcasses. Aerobic bacteria are not suitable as index organisms for salmonellae or Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. JF - Poultry science AU - Cason, J A AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Whittemore, A D AU - Cox, N A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1041 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- standards KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79075027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+aerobic+bacteria%2C+salmonellae+and+Campylobacter+on+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBailey%2C+J+S%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wood transport in streams; a flume experiment AN - 52677855; 1997-069009 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Braudrick, Christian A AU - Grant, Gordon E AU - Ishikawa, Yoshiharu AU - Ikeda, Hiroshi Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 669 EP - 683 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - debris KW - wood KW - stream transport KW - logjams KW - channels KW - rates KW - fluid dynamics KW - physical models KW - flume studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52677855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wood+transport+in+streams%3B+a+flume+experiment&rft.au=Braudrick%2C+Christian+A%3BGrant%2C+Gordon+E%3BIshikawa%2C+Yoshiharu%3BIkeda%2C+Hiroshi&rft.aulast=Braudrick&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; debris; fluid dynamics; flume studies; logjams; physical models; rates; stream transport; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrating a soil water and energy budget model with remotely sensed data to obtain quantitative information about the soil AN - 50168576; 1997-069084 AB - A soil water energy and transpiration model (SWEAT) coupled with a microwave emission model (MICRO-SWEAT) was used to predict the microwave brightness temperature of both bare and corn plots during a drying cycle. The predicted microwave brightness temperatures compared favorably to measurements made with an L band (21 cm, 1.4 GHz) passive microwave radiometer. In addition, SWEAT successfully modeled time series of soil water content and soil temperature. The modeled brightness temperature for the bare soil was most sensitive to the parameters describing the soil water retention and conductivity characteristics. These were predicted by varying each parameter in turn until there was a minimum between the measured and modeled brightness temperature. The predicted parameters were in agreement with the measured values to within the experimental error. The microwave brightness temperatures estimated for the corn soil were sensitive to the vegetation parameters as well as to the soil hydraulic properties. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Burke, Eleanor J AU - Gurney, Robert J AU - Simmonds, Lester P AU - Jackson, Thomas J Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1689 EP - 1697 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - vegetation KW - temperature KW - microwave methods KW - brightness KW - evaporation KW - transpiration KW - water regimes KW - MICRO-SWEAT KW - SWEAT KW - pore water KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calibrating+a+soil+water+and+energy+budget+model+with+remotely+sensed+data+to+obtain+quantitative+information+about+the+soil&rft.au=Burke%2C+Eleanor+J%3BGurney%2C+Robert+J%3BSimmonds%2C+Lester+P%3BJackson%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR01000 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brightness; energy; evaporation; experimental studies; field studies; hydrology; MICRO-SWEAT; microwave methods; pore water; remote sensing; soils; SWEAT; temperature; transpiration; vegetation; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR01000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: A case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve AN - 1808733242; PQ0003341101 AB - The utility of photopigments and absorption signatures to detect and enumerate the red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve, was evaluated in laboratory cultures and in natural assemblages. The carotenoid, gyroxanthindiester, was an adequate biomarker for G. breve biomass; water-column concentrations corresponded with cell standing crops and chlorophyll a concentrations during bloom events in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Unlike other carotenoids, the relative abundance of gyroxanthin-diester did not change throughout a range of physiological states in culture and the gyroxanthin-diester: chlorophyll a ratio exhibited little variability in a natural assemblage during bloom senescence. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that wavelengths indicative of in vivo absorption by accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids could correctly discern spectra of the fucoxanthin-containing G. breve from spectra of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, a diatom, a haptophyte, and a prasinophyte. With the use of a similarity algorithm, the increasing contribution of G. breve was discerned in absorption spectra (and corresponding fourth-derivative plots) for hypothetical mixed assemblages. However, the absorption properties of chlorophyll c-containing algae vary little among taxa and it is difficult to discern the contribution of accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids caused by cell packaging. Therefore, the use of absorption spectra alone may not identify the contribution of a chlorophyll c-containing taxon to the composite spectrum of a mixed assemblage. This difficulty in distinguishing among spectra can be minimized by using the similarity algorithm in conjunction with fourth-derivative analysis. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Millie, David F AU - Schofield, Oscar M AU - Kirkpatrick, Gary J AU - Johnsen, Geir AU - Tester, Patricia A AU - Vinyard, Bryan T AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, POB 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179.and Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 1240 EP - 1251 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 42 IS - 5part2 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Noxious organisms KW - Algal blooms KW - Chlorophyll KW - Laboratory culture KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Algorithms KW - Phytoplankton KW - Cell culture KW - Biomarkers KW - Chlorophyll A KW - Absorption KW - Wavelength KW - Algae KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Biological poisons KW - Zooplankton KW - Biomass KW - Wave analysis KW - Plankton KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Sarasota Bay KW - Red tides KW - photopigments KW - Diatoms KW - Wave spectra KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Absorption spectra KW - biomarkers KW - Gymnodinium KW - Cultures KW - Red Tide KW - Senescence KW - Standing crop KW - Carotenoids KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808733242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Detection+of+harmful+algal+blooms+using+photopigments+and+absorption+signatures%3A+A+case+study+of+the+Florida+red+tide+dinoflagellate%2C+Gymnodinium+breve&rft.au=Millie%2C+David+F%3BSchofield%2C+Oscar+M%3BKirkpatrick%2C+Gary+J%3BJohnsen%2C+Geir%3BTester%2C+Patricia+A%3BVinyard%2C+Bryan+T&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5part2&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/10.4319%2Flo.1997.42.5_part_2.1240 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noxious organisms; Algal blooms; Mathematical models; Laboratory culture; Red tides; Biological poisons; Zooplankton; Absorption spectra; Phytoplankton; Biomarkers; Wave spectra; Wave analysis; Carotenoids; Plankton; Chlorophyll; photopigments; Algorithms; Diatoms; Cell culture; Biomass; biomarkers; Dinoflagellates; Senescence; Wavelength; Standing crop; Algae; Chlorophyll A; Gymnodinium; Red Tide; Cultures; Absorption; Bacillariophyceae; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Sarasota Bay; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1240 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of dehydroabietic acid to rainbow trout: Manipulation of biotransformation enzymes AN - 17163246; 4449748 AB - Resin acids constitute the most important group of acutely toxic chemicals to fish in waste waters of pulp mills; dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) is one of the most persistent and abundant. The acute toxicity of DHAA has been previously determined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); however, the effect of biotransformation enzyme manipulation on acute toxicity is not known. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and salicylamide (SAL) were utilised in the present study to determine their role in the acute toxicity of DHAA and their effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase specific activities. Estimates of mean 96-h LC50 values were 1.79, 1.58, and 1.80 mg/L DHAA for control, PBO- and SAL-treated fish, respectively; acute toxicity of DHAA in PBO-treated fish was significantly higher than in controls and other treatments. Specific activities indicated that PBO significantly induced EROD response. Unexpectedly, SAL-treated fish did not have an inhibited UDPGT response (substrate = p-nitrophenol) despite residue analyses which indicated that SAL inhibited glucuronidation of DHAA. These results suggest that manipulation of glucuronidation (detoxication) by SAL has little or no effect on the acute toxicity of DHAA to rainbow trout. Piperonyl butoxide treatment induces EROD and increases toxicity, suggesting that Phase I biotransformation has an important role in the acute toxicity of DHAA. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Straus, D L AU - Stuthridge, T R AU - Anderson, S M AU - Gifford, J S AD - Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, dlsname.com Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 131 EP - 139 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - EROD KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Rainbow trout KW - acute toxicity KW - dehydroabietic acid KW - piperonyl butoxide KW - salicylamide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Biochemical analysis KW - Paper industry wastes KW - Toxicity tests KW - Pulp mills KW - Enzymes KW - Pulp wastes KW - Fish physiology KW - Acids KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Waste water KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+dehydroabietic+acid+to+rainbow+trout%3A+Manipulation+of+biotransformation+enzymes&rft.au=Straus%2C+D+L%3BStuthridge%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+S+M%3BGifford%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pulp wastes; Fish physiology; Acids; Biochemical analysis; Enzymes; Pollution effects; Waste water; Toxicity tests; Pulp mills; Wastewater discharges; Toxicity testing; Paper industry wastes; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses of White Clover in Pastures of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont AN - 17163034; 4452598 AB - Incidence of six viruses was tested in white clover from 28 rotationally grazed pastures of Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT). Each of 17 PA pastures was sampled fall 1994, spring 1995, fall 1995, and spring 1996, and 10 pastures were sampled fall 1996. Each of five NY and six VT pastures was sampled spring and fall 1995 and 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted for red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), and the potyvirus group (POTY). RCVMV, WCMV, AlMV, and POTY were detected in 28, 28, 27, and 25 of the 28 pastures and in 67, 32, 30, and 7% of the 3,065 samples tested, respectively. PSV occurred at low to moderate levels in 11 PA pastures. PSV was rare in NY and was not detected in VT. CYMV was never found. Incidence of each virus varied significantly among pastures. For any given virus, there was not a significant variation in incidence among sampling dates within the NY-VT samples. RCVMV, WCMV, and POTY varied among dates within PA. JF - Plant Disease AU - Sherwood, R T AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, rts@psu.edu Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 817 EP - 820 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, New York KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - USA, Vermont KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Pasture KW - Red clover vein mosaic virus KW - White clover mosaic virus KW - Sampling KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Viruses+of+White+Clover+in+Pastures+of+Pennsylvania%2C+New+York%2C+and+Vermont&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Red clover vein mosaic virus; White clover mosaic virus; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Pasture; Sampling; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mapping of resistance to blight in an interspecific cross in the genus Castanea AN - 17131674; 4432935 AB - A three-generation American chestnut x Chinese chestnut pedigree was used to construct a genetic linkage map for chestnut and to investigate the control of resistance to Endothia parasitica (chestnut blight fungus). DNA genotypes for 241 polymorphic markers (eight isozymes, 17 restriction fragment length polymorphisms [RFLPs], and 216 random amplified polymorphic DNAs [RAPDs] were assayed on an F sub(2) family consisting of 102 individuals. Of these markers, 196 were segregating as expected and, subsequently, used for primary linkage mapping. Two isozymes, 12 RFLPs, and 170 RAPDs were mapped to 12 linkage groups spanning a total genetic distance of 530.1 Kosambi centimorgans. F sub(2) plants were evaluated for a response to E. parasitica infection by directly inoculating them with two unique fungal isolates and measuring canker expansion over a period of 3.5 months. Results were compared with the marker genotype data, thereby identifying genomic regions significantly associated with a resistance response. Single-marker or nonsimultaneous analyses of variance identified seven genomic regions that appear to have an effect on host response. Multiple-marker or simultaneous models suggest that three of these regions have a significant effect on host response, together explaining as much as 42.2% of the total variation for canker size. At each of the three putative resistance loci, alleles derived from the Chinese chestnut grandparent were associated with smaller canker size, or higher levels of resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kubisiak, T L AU - Hebard, F V AU - Nelson, C D AU - Zhang, J AU - Bernatzky, R AU - Huang, H AU - Anagnostakis, S L AU - Doudrick, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 751 EP - 759 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - blight KW - disease resistance KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endothia parasitica KW - Castanea KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+mapping+of+resistance+to+blight+in+an+interspecific+cross+in+the+genus+Castanea&rft.au=Kubisiak%2C+T+L%3BHebard%2C+F+V%3BNelson%2C+C+D%3BZhang%2C+J%3BBernatzky%2C+R%3BHuang%2C+H%3BAnagnostakis%2C+S+L%3BDoudrick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kubisiak&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Castanea; Endothia parasitica; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism for genetic characterization of Colletotrichum pathogens of alfalfa AN - 17129654; 4432936 AB - Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess the levels of genomic variations among species and isolates of the genus Colletotrichum. Our objective was to characterize at the molecular level two alfalfa pathogens, isolates Arl-NW and 57RR, which are unusually aggressive to anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars and whose taxa has been uncertain based on morphological criteria. The fingerprint patterns obtained were complex but did enable us to place these two isolates within the species C. trifolii and C. gloeosporioides, respectively. The diversity detected with AFLP among and within Colletotrichum species from alfalfa and other crops corroborated their published taxonomy based on morphology, ribosomal DNA sequence, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Similarity matrices generated with three primer pairs were highly correlated and, thus, were combined to determine the similarity among the fungal species and isolates that were analyzed. Analysis of the data generated with each of the primer pairs individually and application of either distance or parsimony methods supported the placement of these two isolates. The parsimony method of data analysis was more confirmatory in the placement of Phoma medicaginis as an outgroup than the distance method, using either simple matching or Jaccard's coefficients to generate the similarity matrices. Our conclusion is that the AFLP technique will be useful for identification of individual isolates within complex genera such as Colletotrichum because of its ability to generate large numbers of polymorphisms and the consistency of polymerase chain reaction amplification. JF - Phytopathology AU - O'Neill, N R AU - van Berkum, P AU - Lin, J-J AU - Kuo, J AU - Ude, G N AU - Kenworthy, W AU - Saunders, JA AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 745 EP - 750 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - anthracnose KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Medicago sativa KW - Colletotrichum trifolii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Application+of+amplified+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+for+genetic+characterization+of+Colletotrichum+pathogens+of+alfalfa&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3Bvan+Berkum%2C+P%3BLin%2C+J-J%3BKuo%2C+J%3BUde%2C+G+N%3BKenworthy%2C+W%3BSaunders%2C+JA&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum trifolii; Medicago sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of drug-tolerant strains of Pythium sylvaticum using sublethal enrichment AN - 16338278; 4301576 AB - Sublethal enrichment was used to generate mutants of Pythium sylvaticum tolerant to kanamycin and tetracycline. Kanamycin tolerance was readily generated, and mutants had growth rates similar to wild-type isolates at antibiotic concentrations lethal to wild-type isolates. Based on crosses between wild-type and mutant isolates, two types of inheritance of tolerance were identified. A high level of kanamycin tolerance was inherited in progeny only when the maternal parent was drug tolerant and was correlated with the inheritance of maternal mitochondrial DNA. A lower level of tolerance was observed in some progeny when the paternal parent was tolerant to the antibiotic and, based on the lack of inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA, was presumably nuclear-encoded. Selection of mutants tolerant to tetracycline took longer to generate than kanamycin-tolerant mutants. Based on crosses between tolerant and wild-type parents, tolerance to tetracycline was nuclear-encoded. Tolerance to both antibiotics was stable, with cultures retaining tolerance following repeated transfers on nonamended medium and after storage for 7 years. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Semer, CR IV AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 685 EP - 692 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - drug resistance KW - kanamycin KW - tetracycline KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16338278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+drug-tolerant+strains+of+Pythium+sylvaticum+using+sublethal+enrichment&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BSemer%2C+CR+IV&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frankia in decaying fallen trees devoid of actinorhizal hosts and soil AN - 16319142; 4248012 AB - Fallen trees, recruited by natural catastrophic events, are abundant on the forest floor of many natural forests. They pass through recognizable classes of decomposition, forming a major structural diversity with many ecological functions, and providing habitats for plants, animals, and microorganisms. In greenhouse studies, wood samples collected from within fallen trees decades-old, partially decomposed under both conifer and red alder stands induced effective nodule formation in Alnus rubra, indicating that the fallen trees, devoid of soil and actinorhizal host roots, contained infectious and effective Frankia. Nodule development, growth, and nitrogen fixation were greatest in wood from fallen trees in the alder stand. Frankia is apparently able to live saprophytically or exists in spores in partially decomposed wood. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Li, Ching-Yan AU - Crawford, R H AU - Chang, Tun-Tschu AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 167 EP - 169 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - Red alder KW - decay KW - forests KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodules KW - trees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Frankia+in+decaying+fallen+trees+devoid+of+actinorhizal+hosts+and+soil&rft.au=Li%2C+Ching-Yan%3BCrawford%2C+R+H%3BChang%2C+Tun-Tschu&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ching-Yan&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum on black walnut AN - 16317752; 4255004 AB - Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum is killing butternut (Juglans cinerea) throughout North America. Although black walnut (J. nigra) and other Juglans spp. can be infected with artificial inoculations (2), butternut previously was thought to be the only known natural host. In May 1985, a black walnut, 48 cm in diameter with multiple elliptical cankers on the main stem and lower branches, was found by R. L. Anderson in North Carolina. No fruit bodies were present but isolation from cankers characteristic of those found on butternut produced sporulating pure cultures identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum (1). A large butternut with coalescing, elliptical cankers was located about 45 m from the infected walnut. In spring 1996, in a plantation in southeastern Minnesota, examination of two 20-year-old black walnuts exhibiting branch dieback revealed hyphal pegs and hyaline, two-celled, fusiform conidia identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum (1) on 1994 and 1995 branch wood. Isolations from symptomatic twigs resulted in recovery of the fungus in pure culture. Scattered, naturally occurring, infected, mature butternut and butternut saplings with multiple branch and stem cankers were growing throughout the plantation. Severe winter injury of black walnut in southeastern Minnesota the preceding 3 years may have predisposed trees to infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ostry, ME AU - Katovich, S AU - Anderson, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 830 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Butternut KW - North America KW - USA, Minnesota KW - plant diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Sirococcus+clavigignenti-juglandacearum+on+black+walnut&rft.au=Ostry%2C+ME%3BKatovich%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Ostry&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing biological nitrogen fixation: An appraisal of current and alternative technologies for N input into plants AN - 16317269; 4249134 AB - Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) involves a highly specialized and intricately evolved interactions between soil microorganisms and higher plants for harnessing the atmospheric elemental nitrogen (N). This process has been researched for almost a century for efficient N input into plants. The basic mechanism and biochemical steps involved in BNF have been unraveled. It has become abundantly clear that the host plant (legumes) dominates in regulating the BNF process. Environmental factors as well influence this process. Perturbation or any manipulation of the interactions between the bacteria and the legumes seems to offset the critical balance, usually to the detriment of N fixation efficiency. Not much success has been obtained in either enhancing BNF in legumes or transferring important BNF traits to non-nitrogen fixing organisms. An appraisal is given for the lack of success in making the BNF process a popular and efficient agronomic practice. Alternative physiological approaches are presented for improving mobilization, redistribution and utilization of stored N reserves within the host plant. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Shantharam, S AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Biotechnol. Evaluations, USDA/APHIS, BSS, Riverside, MD 20737-1237, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 205 EP - 216 VL - 194 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Anabaena KW - hosts KW - nitrogen fixation KW - soil microorganisms KW - symbiosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Enhancing+biological+nitrogen+fixation%3A+An+appraisal+of+current+and+alternative+technologies+for+N+input+into+plants&rft.au=Shantharam%2C+S%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Shantharam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid AN - 16316807; 4254973 AB - A bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from McCalla, AL, USA, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA). The organism is a Gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 mu m x 2 mu m). It was identified as a species of Clavibacter ALA2. The product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by super(1)H and super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass spectrometer. Maximum production of THOA with 25% conversion of the substrate was reached after 5-6 days of reaction. THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2. This is the first report of a 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation. Some dihydroxy intermediates were also detected. THOA has a structure similar to those of known plant self-defense substances. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AU - Brown, W AU - Labeda, D P AU - Abbott, T P AU - Weisleder, D AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS/USDA, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 34 EP - 38 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(z)-octadecenoic acid KW - fatty acids KW - linoleic acid KW - lipids KW - trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16316807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+production+of+a+novel+trihydroxy+unsaturated+fatty+acid+from+linoleic+acid&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+W%3BLabeda%2C+D+P%3BAbbott%2C+T+P%3BWeisleder%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascochyta fabae and A. lentis: Host specificity, teleomorphs (Didymella), hybrid analysis, and taxonomic status AN - 16315473; 4254952 AB - Isolates of Ascochyta fabae from faba bean (Vicia faba) and A. lentis from lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries were used in this study. The Didymella teleomorph (sexual state) of each fungus was induced to develop and mature on inoculated sterile lentil stems. Both fungi were heterothallic, with two mating types, designated MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. When certain isolates of A. fabae and A. lentis were crossed, hybrid pseudothecia developed. Growth, sporulation, colony appearance, morphology, and pathogenicity of the hybrid progeny frequently differed greatly from the parent isolates. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. fabae caused disease in faba bean but not in lentil; inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. lentis incited disease in lentil but not in faba bean. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from crosses between faba bean and lentil isolates did not induce disease in either host. Asci from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis mostly contained fewer than eight ascospores that were, on average, larger than those from eight-spored asci. Matings among certain isolates of A. fabae resulted in production of pseudothecia with ascospores considerably larger than is typical for D. fabae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of Ascochyta isolates from faba bean and lentil are clearly different, and banding patterns from hybrid progeny from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis confirmed hybridity. RAPD markers proved useful in supporting identifications of ascospore isolates from faba bean to known Ascochyta species. Dendrogram analysis indicated similarity between the two fungal species was low. The pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and RAPD markers indicate that A. fabae and A. lentis represent distinct taxa. D. lentis, with its anamorph, A. lentis, is proposed as a new species that is distinct from D. fabae, with its anamorph, A. fabae. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Wang, B-C AU - Rogers, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 809 EP - 816 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - host specificity KW - taxonomy KW - teleomorphs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Ascochyta+fabae+and+A.+lentis%3A+Host+specificity%2C+teleomorphs+%28Didymella%29%2C+hybrid+analysis%2C+and+taxonomic+status&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BWang%2C+B-C%3BRogers%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of endophytic infection by Fusarium moniliforme on corn growth and cellular morphology AN - 16313738; 4249157 AB - Kernels of corn, Zea mays, were inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme to analyze seedling growth and development during endophytic, symptomless infection. In planta F. moniliforme distribution and seedling growth, expressed as shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and dry weight, were examined weekly for 28 days after planting. Even though no visible disease symptoms developed, F. moniliforme was isolated from most segments taken from seedlings grown from inoculated, but not noninoculated, kernels from the earliest to the latest sampling. F. moniliforme did not alter the rate or percentage of kernel germination, but seedlings grown from inoculated kernels had suppressed shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and plant weight 7 days after planting. However, seedling growth from inoculated kernels was similar to or greater than that from noninoculated kernels at 28 days. Histological modifications in seedlings grown from inoculated kernels included accelerated lignin deposition in shoots and modified chloroplast orientation in leaves. In summary, gross morphology and histology were altered in corn seedlings during symptomless, endophytic infection by F. moniliforme. JF - Plant Disease AU - Yates, I E AU - Bacon, C W AU - Hinton, D M AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 723 EP - 728 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - endophytes KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+endophytic+infection+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+on+corn+growth+and+cellular+morphology&rft.au=Yates%2C+I+E%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of biosolids applications on heavy metal bioavailability in agricultural soils AN - 16280152; 4265543 AB - Concerns exist over the long-term availability of trace metals in biosolids-amended soils. The objective of this study was to quantify extractable forms of trace metals in biosolids-amended, continuously cultivated soils after cessation of sewage sludge applications and to determine their bioavailability to romaine lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.). Trace metals in surface soils from two biosolids-amended sites were speciated into increasingly stable chemical fractions using a series of sequential extractions that were operationally defined as exchangeable (Exch), specifically adsorbed (SA), Fe-Mn oxide and acid replaceable (Ox/AR), residual organic (R-Org), and residual inorganic (R-In). Romaine lettuce was grown on the soils to determine heavy metal bioavailability. In control and biosolids-amended soils, 60 to 75% of Cd was found in the more easily extracted Exch and SA forms, but the percentage was significantly greater in the biosolids-amended soils. Biosolids applications also increased the percentages of Ni and Zn in the Exch and SA fractions. Biosolids applications had little effect on the Exch and SA fractions of Cr and Pb. Greater than 75% of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were found in the relatively stable Ox/AR, R-Org, and R-In fractions of control and biosolids-amended soils. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Zn in aboveground lettuce tissue, and to a lesser extent, Cu and Cr, were significantly increased by biosolids applications, but Pb uptake was not affected. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sloan, J J AU - Dowdy, R H AU - Dolan AU - Linden AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit and Dep. Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 966 EP - 974 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+biosolids+applications+on+heavy+metal+bioavailability+in+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Sloan%2C+J+J%3BDowdy%2C+R+H%3BDolan%3BLinden&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=966&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall frequency and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from soil amended with poultry litter AN - 16272694; 4268349 AB - Repeated land application of manure has enriched runoff N and P in some areas. Here, more restrictive manure management guidelines may be adopted. The main factors affecting N and P runoff from land receiving manure include the rate, method, and timing of application. Of these factors, least information is available on timing; thus, the effect of rainfall frequency and timing (7-35 d at 2.54 cm h super(-1)) after poultry litter application (incorporated into surface 5 cm of soil at 10 Mg ha super(-1); i.e., 380 kg N and 160 kg P ha super(-1)) on N and P concentrations in runoff was investigated for 10 Oklahoma soils. Runoff N and P concentrations decreased with 10 successive rains, starting 7 d after litter application. Although the decrease in N concentration was independent of soil type, decreases in dissolved (DP) and bioavailable P (BAP) were related to percent saturation of soil P sorption sites (r super(2) of 0.97 and 0.62, respectively). Increasing the time between litter application and rainfall from 1 to 35 d reduced total N from 7.54 to 2.34, ammonium-N (NH sub(4)-N) 5.53 to 0.11, DP 0.74 to 0.45, and BAP 0.99 to 0.65 mg L super(-1), by leaching and volatilization of N and sorption of P. Nitrate-N (NO sub(3)-N) concentrations were unaffected by rainfall frequency and timing. Runoff N and P may be reduced by avoiding litter applications during periods of high rainfall probabilities, with these reductions greater for high than low P sorbing soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16272694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Rainfall+frequency+and+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+runoff+from+soil+amended+with+poultry+litter&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption and stability of arsenic(III) at the clay mineral-water interface AN - 16260711; 4238074 AB - Adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite (As(III)) at the mineral-water interface are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment. Numerous studies have concluded that As(III) is more soluble and mobile than arsenate (As(V)) in soils, though very little experimental work has demonstrated the differences in reactivity and stability of As(III) and As(V) at the mineral-water interface. In this investigation, As(III) adsorption on kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide (am-Al(OH) sub(3)) was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength and was compared with As(V) adsorption. High-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HPLC-HGAAS) was employed for direct determination of As(III) and As(V). In addition, surface complexation modeling was used to describe As(III) and As(V) adsorption on the four minerals. It was revealed that alkaline solutions (pH > 9) without mineral solids caused homogeneous oxidation of As(III) to As(V). In addition, recovery of adsorbed As from As(III)-treated clay mineral solids showed that oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was enhanced by heterogeneous oxidation on kaolinite and illite surfaces. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Manning, BA AU - Goldberg, S AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2005 EP - 2011 VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clay minerals KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Stability analysis KW - Interfaces KW - Freshwater KW - Clays KW - Arsenic KW - Clay KW - Experimental data KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Comparison studies KW - Sediment-water interface KW - Oxidation KW - Adsorption KW - Minerals KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Adsorption+and+stability+of+arsenic%28III%29+at+the+clay+mineral-water+interface&rft.au=Manning%2C+BA%3BGoldberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clay minerals; Sediment-water interface; Arsenic; Hydrogen ion concentration; Experimental data; Interfaces; Oxidation; Adsorption; Minerals; Clays; Clay; Fate of pollutants; Stability analysis; Comparison studies; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV band fluorescence (in vivo) and its implications for the remote assessment of nitrogen supply in vegetation AN - 16260396; 4240545 AB - When excited at 280 nm, intact vegetation produced two overlapping broadband fluorescence emissions; the first centered near 335 nm [ultraviolet (UV) band], and the second centered near 440 nm (blue band). Separation of these two fluorescence bands was achieved by an iterative nonlinear curve fit procedure utilizing the asymmetric double sigmoidal spectral function. The subsequent ratio of the deconvoluted curve intensities exhibited a significant relation between protein concentration and fluorescence. UV band fluorescence from vegetation treated with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization decreased relative to the blue fluorescence as a function of protein levels. These studies indicate that in vivo UV band fluorescence can be utilized as a nondestructive tool to remotely sense variations in protein concentration due to nitrogen supply. Strong similarities were noted in the UV band fluorescence characteristics of intact vegetation to both membrane-bound and soluble plant proteins containing aromatic amino acids. Pure ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in aqueous solution exhibited UV fluorescence characteristics with excitation and emission distributions similar to those of intact vegetation. Because of its high concentration (up to 70% of the soluble leaf proteins), we believe this protein contributes to the UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf. In addition, similar fluorescence characteristics were observed for two other prominent enzymatic plant proteins; namely, adenosine 5'-tri-phosphatase and carboxylase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. These results indicate that UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf could originate from several plant proteins that contain aromatic amino acids. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Corp, LA AU - McMurtrey, JE AU - Chappelle, E W AU - Daughtry, CST AU - Kim, Moon S AD - USDA-ARS-BARC-WEST, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 120c, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 110 EP - 117 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - U.V. radiation KW - fluorescence KW - nitrogen KW - remote sensing KW - vegetation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=UV+band+fluorescence+%28in+vivo%29+and+its+implications+for+the+remote+assessment+of+nitrogen+supply+in+vegetation&rft.au=Corp%2C+LA%3BMcMurtrey%2C+JE%3BChappelle%2C+E+W%3BDaughtry%2C+CST%3BKim%2C+Moon+S&rft.aulast=Corp&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of reflectance anisotropy and canopy structure using a simple empirical model AN - 16251559; 4240544 AB - The coefficients of a simple three-term model describing the bidirectional reflectance of vegetation canopies as a function of leaf area index (LAI) were examined for potential information retrievable from bidirectional reflectance measurements. Simulations of principal plane spectral reflectances (0.5-0.6 mu m, 0.6-0.7 mu m, 0.7-0.8 mu m, and 0.8-1.1 mu m), for vegetated canopies with LAI values ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 under solar zenith angles of 20, 30, and 45 degrees, were generated with the use of a one-dimensional radiative transfer model. The simulated reflectances were then fit with a simple model by using a least squares procedure. Plots of the resulting coefficients with LAI showed that the degree of curvature of the simulated principal plane reflectances, as represented by one of the coefficients, and the coefficient expressing interaction of view zenith angle and view azimuth angle were both related to LAI. This relation holds in all four spectral bands, including the 0.7-0.8 mu m band, despite a lack of relation between the constant coefficient (which is closely related to the nadir value) and LAI. Examination of the coefficients relating to solar zenith angle revealed a dependence on LAI. The coefficient for view zenith angle, or a related quantity, is suggested as a candidate for a bidirectional index that may be useful within the context of satellite-based vegetation classification and characterization schemes. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Walthall, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., 008 Bldg. 007, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 118 EP - 128 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - canopies KW - leaf area KW - models KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=A+study+of+reflectance+anisotropy+and+canopy+structure+using+a+simple+empirical+model&rft.au=Walthall%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Walthall&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil core method for estimating n-mineralization and denitrification during cover crop decomposition AN - 16249881; 4233714 AB - A soil core method is described for monitoring rates and extent of N-mineralization and denitrification from intact leguminous cover crops (e.g., hairy vetch) as a function of soil water content. The method also allows for estimates of N-fixation in order to perform N-mass balances. Field conditions were simulated by growing cover crops in soil cores from seed to biomass levels comparable to the field, followed by harvest/kill. Soil cores were wetted periodically using a rain simulator. After simulated rain events, samples of leachate were obtained and soil water content adjusted by application of a vacuum (15 kPa) to the bottom of cores. The use of a PVC/silica filter (bubble point = 30 kPa) allowed for cores to be drained to field capacity without pulling ambient air through the soil. N-fixation (before harvest/kill) and N-mineralization (after harvest/kill) were determined by comparing NO super(-) sub(3) leached from vetch with fallow cores. Denitrification was determined by periodically sealing cores, injecting and recirculating acetylene throughout cores, and quantifying N sub(2)O production after 48 h. Preliminary experiments with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) indicate that plants are reasonably efficient at taking up soil NO super(-) sub(3), intact roots decompose fairly rapidly in soil (<6 weeks), and there is potential for substantial losses of soil NO super(-) sub(3) as a result of denitrification at soil water contents greater than or equal to 70%. JF - Soil Science AU - Shelton AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - McCarty, G W AU - Isensee, A R AD - Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Natural Resources Institute, Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 510 EP - 517 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - biomass KW - denitrification KW - mineralization KW - nitrogen KW - nitrogen fixiation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16249881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=A+soil+core+method+for+estimating+n-mineralization+and+denitrification+during+cover+crop+decomposition&rft.au=Shelton%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile, potential attractants from ripe coffee fruit for female Mediterranean fruit fly AN - 16244026; 4226702 AB - Twenty-eight volatile compounds from freshly crushed, ripe, dark red coffee fruit, Coffea arabica, were identified by dynamic headspace analysis techniques. Identifications were made on the basis of a comparison of Kovats indices and GC-MS spectra for unknowns and authentic samples. Of the compounds identified, 10 were alcohols, nine were aldehydes, five were ketones, and four were monoterpenes. The five most abundant volatiles in decreasing order were hexanal (21%), 2-(E)-hexenal (11%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (9.0%), 3-methyl-1-butanal (8.5%), and 1-hexanol (8.4%). The five least abundant volatiles of the 28 identified, in increasing order, were decanal (0.19%), methyl hexanoate (0.33%), pulegone (0.44%), alpha -isomenthone (0.45%), and 2-nonanone (0.55%). In preliminary tests, many of the identified volatiles attracted more female Mediterranean fruit flies than the control. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Warthen, J D AU - Lee, C-J AU - Jang, E B AU - Lance AU - McInnis, DO AD - USDA, ARS, Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1891 EP - 1900 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2-hexenal KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - attractants KW - coffee KW - females KW - hexanal KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18063:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile%2C+potential+attractants+from+ripe+coffee+fruit+for+female+Mediterranean+fruit+fly&rft.au=Warthen%2C+J+D%3BLee%2C+C-J%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BLance%3BMcInnis%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Warthen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are bacteria omnipresent on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall? AN - 16235808; 4220752 AB - Cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined for the presence of bacteria as previously described (F. Seigle-Murandi, P. Guiraud, C. Falsen, and K.-E. Eriksson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2477-2481, 996). Under no conditions could bacteria be isolated from cultures of P. chrysosporium. With PCR primers corresponding to small-subunit rRNA genes, no bacterium-like product could be amplified from cultures of the widely used P. chrysosporium strain BKM-F-1767. Thus, we could find no evidence of bacteria in association with P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janse, BJH AU - Gaskell, J AU - Cullen, D AU - Zapanta, L AU - Dougherty, MJ AU - Tien, M AD - USDA Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2913 EP - 2914 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - genes KW - lignin KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - rRNA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - K 03093:Viruses & bacteria of microorganisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16235808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Are+bacteria+omnipresent+on+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+Burdsall%3F&rft.au=Janse%2C+BJH%3BGaskell%2C+J%3BCullen%2C+D%3BZapanta%2C+L%3BDougherty%2C+MJ%3BTien%2C+M&rft.aulast=Janse&rft.aufirst=BJH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating crop residue decomposition coefficients using substrate-induced respiration AN - 16223133; 4218492 AB - Modeling of crop residue decomposition for nutrient cycling and effectiveness of residues to control soil erosion requires information on crop-specific decomposition coefficients (k). Respiration of decomposing residues reflects the activity of the microbial community and should give an indication of the residue decomposition rate. A method for estimating k using substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of plant residues was evaluated. Basal respiration, total SIR, fungal SIR and bacterial SIR were measured for five crop residues monthly for 1 y. In general, total SIR and basal respiration declined for the more decomposable residues, but were somewhat constant for the more resistant residues. Mass loss was used to determine k for a single exponential decay function. Prediction of k from SIR using an equation proposed by Neely et al. (1991) (Soil Biology & Biochemistry 23, 947-954) was unsatisfactory for the five crops. A new equation (k = -6.07 x 10 super(-4) + 6.23 x 10 super(-6) x SIR) was determined using the data of Neely et al. (1991) and data from the current study. Prediction of k using the 60-day SIR measurement was significantly improved with the new equation. Predicting k from SIR could greatly reduce the labor and time involved in evaluating decomposition differences between residues and locations. JF - Soil Biology & Biochemistry AU - Schomberg, H H AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30606, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1089 EP - 1097 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - crop residues KW - decomposition KW - fungi KW - nutrient cycles KW - respiration KW - soil microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Estimating+crop+residue+decomposition+coefficients+using+substrate-induced+respiration&rft.au=Schomberg%2C+H+H%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Schomberg&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of pasture drought severity using canopy red-to-far-red radiance AN - 16218067; 4275352 AB - Reliable methods for quantifying the impact of drought on pasture leaf canopies in humid, temperate regions are not available. This study was conducted to determine the utility of the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance for estimating the evapotranspiration (ET) rate of water-limited pasture during drought. The hypothesis that the relationship between the ET and the red-to-far-red ratio of radiance is not linear was evaluated. The ET and spectral radiance were measured for orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) growing in large monolith weighing lysimeters at Kearneysville, WV. Drought was imposed using rain-exclusion shelters during periods of predicted rainfall. During the study period, the ET decreased to 0.14 and 0.23 of the potential rates for orchardgrass and tall rescue respectively. The process by which the canopies of the two grass species senesced in response to severe drought differed. Despite this difference, a single non-linear relationship effectively estimated the ET for both grass species from the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance under midday sunlight. This relationship may be a useful tool for developing improved pasture management strategies and for hydrologic assessment in regions dominated by pasture. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Feldhake, C M AU - Glenn, D M AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Appalachian Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Lab., PO Box 400, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 81 EP - 86 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - drought severity KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16218067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+pasture+drought+severity+using+canopy+red-to-far-red+radiance&rft.au=Feldhake%2C+C+M%3BGlenn%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Feldhake&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and dynamics of Spitler Woods, an old-growth remnant forest in Illinois (USA) AN - 16119525; 4210380 AB - Trees and coarse woody debris were inventoried in a 65-ha mesic old-growth forest located on Big Creek in Macon County, Illinois. Based on data from thirty 0.1-ha circular plots, trees greater than or equal to 2 cm dbh had an average density of 1,266 trees ha super(-1), basal area of 30.4 m super(2) ha super(-1), and stocking of 102%. Sugar maple and white oak had the highest importance values. The size distribution of tree diameters for all species was characterized by a negative exponential shape. However, the size distribution of oaks, which currently dominate classes larger than 30 cm, was unimodal with peaks at 50 to 60 cm. Oaks appear to be declining in dominance as sugar maple increases, a trend further confirmed by analyzing crown class by species. The average volume of down wood greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter was 81.2 m super(3) ha super(-1). According to Government Land Office records, the southern half of Spitler Woods was apparently open in the 1820s. No current significant differences in density or basal area between northern and southern plots were found, but coarse woody debris was higher on the southern plots. Observed values at Spitler Woods were generally within the range of those reported for other old-growth tracts in Illinois. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Roovers, L M AU - Shifley AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1-26 Agric. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 219 EP - 232 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - size distribution KW - USA, Illinois KW - old growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Composition+and+dynamics+of+Spitler+Woods%2C+an+old-growth+remnant+forest+in+Illinois+%28USA%29&rft.au=Roovers%2C+L+M%3BShifley&rft.aulast=Roovers&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Illinois; forests; old growth; size distribution; species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks. 2. In situ vs ex situ AN - 16112662; 4207146 AB - An important question in the conservation of potato germ plasm is whether germ plasm in the gene bank, although stable, still represents the in situ populations from which it was collected, sometimes many decades ago. The answer would direct objective decisions regarding the value of re-collections and in situ preservation. The present study was undertaken as a project of the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC). It measured genetic differentiation between potato germ plasm maintained in the US gene bank for many years and current in situ populations re-collected from the same original sites in the wild. Solanum jamesii and Solanum fendleri from the United States were used as representatives of potato germ plasm. Re-collections were carried out in 1992 at the same locations at which gene bank-conserved accessions had been collected in 1958 and 1978. RAPD markers revealed significant genetic differences between gene bank-conserved and re-collected in situ populations for all seven comparisons of S. jamesii (diploid outcrosser), and 12 of 16 comparisons within S. fendleri (tetraploid inbreeder). The average genetic similarities were 65.2% for S. jamesii and 80.4% for S. fendleri. Possible explanations and consequences of these unexpectedly large differences are discussed. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Del Rio, AH AU - Bamberg, J B AU - Huaman, Z AU - Salas, A AU - Vega, SE AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Vegetable Crops Res. Unit, Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Stn., 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 95 IS - 1-2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - gene banks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Solanum jamesii KW - genetic diversity KW - Solanum fendleri KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Assessing+changes+in+the+genetic+diversity+of+potato+gene+banks.+2.+In+situ+vs+ex+situ&rft.au=Del+Rio%2C+AH%3BBamberg%2C+J+B%3BHuaman%2C+Z%3BSalas%2C+A%3BVega%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Del+Rio&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic diversity; Solanum jamesii; Solanum fendleri ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks. 1. Effects of seed increase AN - 16112225; 4207147 AB - Effects of gene bank seed-increases on the genetic integrity of potato germ plasm is a major concern of gene bank managers. Thus the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC), a consortium of world potato gene bank leaders, initiated this joint research project using RAPD markers to determine genetic relationships between increased generations within accessions. Solanum jamesii (2n = 2x = 24) and S. fendleri (2n = 4x = 48), two wild potato species native to North America, were used as plant material. These species represented two major breeding systems found among Solanum species: out-crossing diploids and inbreeding disomic tetraploids, respectively. Comparisons were made between populations one generation apart and between sister populations generated from a common source. Fourteen such comparisons within S. jamesii accessions had an average similarity of 96.3%, and 21 such comparisons within S. fendleri accessions had an average similarity of 96.0%. No pairs of populations were significantly different, despite the fact that RAPD markers easily separated all of these very similar accessions within their respective species. Only one of six S. jamesii accessions analyzed showed a significant change in gene frequencies among generations. These findings indicate that there has been minimal loss or change of genetic diversity in ex situ germplasm using the gene bank techniques standard at NRSP-6 and other world potato gene banks. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Del Rio, AH AU - Bamberg, J B AU - Huaman, Z AD - USDA/Agric. Res. Serv., Vegetable Crops Res. Unit, Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Stn., 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 191 EP - 198 VL - 95 IS - 1-2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - gene banks KW - seeds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - genetic diversity KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Assessing+changes+in+the+genetic+diversity+of+potato+gene+banks.+1.+Effects+of+seed+increase&rft.au=Del+Rio%2C+AH%3BBamberg%2C+J+B%3BHuaman%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Del+Rio&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic diversity; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens are antimicrobial AN - 16108358; 4210783 AB - Some inactive precursor proteins, or zymogens, contain small, amino terminus, homopolymeric regions of Asp that neutralize the cationic charge of the active protein during synthesis. After posttranslational cleavage, the anionic propeptide fragment may exhibit antimicrobial activity. To demonstrate this, ovine trypsinogen activation peptide, and frog (Xenopus laevis) PYL activation peptide, both containing homopolymeric regions of Asp, were synthesized and tested against previously described surfactant-associated anionic peptide. Peptides inhibited the growth of both gram-negative (MIC, 0.08 to 3.00 mM) and gram-positive (MIC, 0.94 to 2.67 mM) bacteria. Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens form a new class of host-derived antimicrobial peptides important in innate defense. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Brogden, KA AU - Ackermann, M AU - Huttner, K M AD - Respir. and Neurologic Dis. Res. Unit, USDA, ARS, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1615 EP - 1617 VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - African clawed frog KW - PYL activation peptide KW - antibacterial agents KW - antimicrobial agents KW - defence mechanisms KW - ovine trypsinogen activation peptide KW - zymogens KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibodies KW - Freshwater KW - hormones KW - Xenopus laevis KW - immunology KW - peptides KW - proteins KW - Q1 08326:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q4 27380:Pharmaceuticals KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Small%2C+anionic%2C+and+charge-neutralizing+propeptide+fragments+of+zymogens+are+antimicrobial&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BAckermann%2C+M%3BHuttner%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - defence mechanisms; immunology; antibodies; peptides; proteins; hormones; antibacterial agents; antimicrobial agents; Xenopus laevis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standing crop and animal consumption of fungal sporocarps in Pacific Northwest forests AN - 16106148; 4204844 AB - Although fungal fruiting bodies are a common food supplement for many forest animals and an important dietary staple for several small mammals, changes in their abundance and consumption with forest succession or disturbance have not been quantified. Above- and belowground fungal fruiting bodies (epigeous and hypogeous sporocarps) were sampled for 46 mo in managed-young, natural-mature, and old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) stands in Washington State. Screen exclosures were placed over the surface of half of the sample plots to prevent aboveground predation of sporocarps. Standing crop of epigeous sporocarps was low in most seasons and then increased 30-fold to a mean of 2.28 kg/ha in the fall. Epigeous biomass varied little between stand types, and animal consumption of these sporocarps was low. Standing crop of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.78 kg/ha in managed-young stands, compared to 4.51 and 4.02 kg/ha in natural-mature and old-growth stands. In all stands, standing crop peaked in the summer and was lowest in the winter. Mean animal consumption of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.64 kg/ha, a value that exceeded the available standing crop quantity of 0.36 kg/ha in managed-young stands during the winter. In natural-mature and old-growth stands, truffle biomass remained high year-round and exceeded consumption in all seasons. Low hypogeous sporocarp biomass in the managed-young stands resulted from the general absence of large clusters of Elaphomyces granulatus, which made up >90% of the biomass in older stands. This absence in managed-young stands may be associated with the thin organic layer that has developed following harvest and burning 60 yr ago. The consistent level of animal consumption indicates that truffles may be an important and readily available year-round food source, compared to the ephemeral fruiting of epigeous sporocarps. Changes in forest composition and age due to natural disturbance or human management influence fungal sporocarp productivity and diversity and, consequently, affect food availability for animals dependent on hypogeous sporocarps. JF - Ecology AU - North, M AU - Trappe, J AU - Franklin, J AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 1543 EP - 1554 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Mammals KW - Elaphomyces granulatus KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, Washington KW - Mammalia KW - mycophagy KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Standing+crop+and+animal+consumption+of+fungal+sporocarps+in+Pacific+Northwest+forests&rft.au=North%2C+M%3BTrappe%2C+J%3BFranklin%2C+J&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; USA, Washington; mycophagy; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeny and classification of bacteria in the genera Clavibacter and Rathayibacter on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses AN - 16101715; 4203248 AB - A phylogenetic analysis by parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) revealed that species and subspecies of Clavibacter and Rathayibacter form a discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to Corynebacterium species. Within the Clavibacter-Rathayibacter clade, four major phylogenetic groups (subclades) with a total of 10 distinct taxa were recognized: (I) species C. michiganensis; (II) species C. xyli; (III) species R. iranicus and R. tritici; and (IV) species R. rathayi. The first three groups form a monophyletic cluster, paraphyletic to R. rathayi. On the basis of the phylogeny inferred, reclassification of members of Clavibacter-Rathayibacter group is proposed. A system for classification of taxa in Clavibacter and Rathayibacter was developed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences. The groups delineated on the basis of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA coincided well with the subclades delineated on the basis of phylogeny. In contrast to previous classification systems, which are based primarily on phenotypic properties and are laborious, the RFLP analyses allow for rapid differentiation among species and subspecies in the two genera. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2631 EP - 2636 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Clavibacter KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - phylogeny KW - genes KW - Rathayibacter KW - taxonomy KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+classification+of+bacteria+in+the+genera+Clavibacter+and+Rathayibacter+on+the+basis+of+16S+rRNA+gene+sequence+analyses&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rathayibacter; genes; phylogeny; taxonomy; restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) population dynamics and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 16100212; 4207311 AB - A model (LYMESIM) was developed for computer simulation of blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, population dynamics and transmission of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner. LYMESIM simulates the effects of ambient temperature, saturation deficit, precipitation, habitat type, and host type and density on tick populations. Epidemiological parameters including host infectivity, tick infectivity, transovarial transmission, and transstadial transmission are included in the model to simulate transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete between vector ticks and vertebrate hosts. Validity, of LYMESIM was established by comparing simulated and observed populations of immature I. scapularis on white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, (Rafinesque) at 2 locations in Massachusetts. Validity also was indicated by comparisons of simulated and observed seasonality of blacklegged ticks in New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Oklahoma-Arkansas. Further model validity was shown by correlation between simulated and observed numbers of immature ticks engorging on white-footed mice at 3 sites in Massachusetts. The model produced acceptable values for initial population growth rate, generation time, and 20-yr population density when historical meteorological data for 16 locations in eastern North America were used. Realistic rates of infection in ticks were produced for locations in the northeastern and northcentral United States. LYMESIM was used to study the effect of white-footed mouse and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), densities on tick density and infection rates. The model was also used to estimate tick density thresholds for maintenance of B. burgdorferi. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Mount, G A AU - Haile, D G AU - Daniels, E AD - Med. and Veterinary Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 461 EP - 484 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Lyme disease KW - disease transmission KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - models KW - Acari KW - population dynamics KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+blacklegged+tick+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+population+dynamics+and+transmission+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Mount%2C+G+A%3BHaile%2C+D+G%3BDaniels%2C+E&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acari; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; disease transmission; population dynamics; Lyme disease; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff curve number: Has it reached maturity? AN - 16100088; 4206676 AB - The discusser fully concurs with the author's contention that the runoff curve number (CN) method has reached maturity if maturity can be measured by acceptability and worldwide usage. However, the application of the CN number to urban basins must be done with a great deal of care, considerably more than now used by most public and private engineering organizations. Two areas where the discusser has observed problems in using the CN method by engineering organizations are subsequently discussed. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Golding, B L AD - ARS-USDA, AERC Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 145 EP - 148 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - CN KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - mathematical models KW - stormwater runoff KW - urban areas KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - river basins KW - Freshwater KW - evaluation KW - urban runoff KW - runoff KW - basins KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Runoff+curve+number%3A+Has+it+reached+maturity%3F&rft.au=Golding%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; river basins; urban runoff; runoff; basins; stormwater runoff; evaluation; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; urban areas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nested PCR for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus AN - 16098082; 4203247 AB - Oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (CMR16F1, CMR16R1, CMR16F2, and CMR16R2) and insertion element IS1121 of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (CMSIF1, CMSIR1, CMSIF2, and CMISR2) were used in nested PCR to detect the potato ring rot bacterium C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Nested PCR with primer pair CMSIF1-CMSIR1 followed by primer pair CMSIF2-CMSIR2 specifically detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, while nested PCR with CMR16F1-CMR16R1 followed by CMR16F2-CMR16R2 detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and the other C. michiganensis subspecies. In the latter case, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus can be differentiated from the other subspecies by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the nested PCR products (16S rDNA sequences). The nested PCR assays developed in this work allow ultrasensitive detection of very low titers of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus which may be present in symptomless potato plants or tubers and which cannot be readily detected by direct PCR (single PCR amplification). RFLP analysis of PCR products provides for an unambiguous confirmation of the identity of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Mogen, B AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2625 EP - 2630 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ring rot KW - Clavibacter michiganensis KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nested+PCR+for+ultrasensitive+detection+of+the+potato+ring+rot+bacterium%2C+Clavibacter+michiganensis+subsp.+sepedonicus&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen%2C+DE%3BMogen%2C+B%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavibacter michiganensis; Solanum tuberosum; polymerase chain reaction; ring rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferative responses of goats vaccinated with Brucella melitensis 16M or a Delta purE201 strain AN - 16079850; 4112307 AB - The response to a Brucella melitensis purEK deletion mutant, Delta purE201 (referred to as strain 201), was compared with the response to its parental strain, 16M, in juvenile goats. Proliferative responses to gamma -irradiated bacteria were detected earlier in strain 201-infected goats. Lymphocytes from strain 16M- or 201-infected goats proliferated in response to one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of similar mass isolated from strain 16M or Brucella abortus RB51. Data from this study suggest that some antigens stimulating cell-mediated responses are conserved among Brucella species, as 201- and 16M-infected goats recognized similar proteins expressed by RB51 and 16M. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AU - Stevens, M G AU - Houng, H H AU - Drazek, E S AU - Hadfield, T L AU - Warren, R L AU - Hoover, D L AD - USDA, ARS, NADC, Zoonotic Dis. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 2987 EP - 2991 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - goats KW - brucellosis KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes KW - immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Brucella melitensis KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferative+responses+of+goats+vaccinated+with+Brucella+melitensis+16M+or+a+Delta+purE201+strain&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F%3BStevens%2C+M+G%3BHoung%2C+H+H%3BDrazek%2C+E+S%3BHadfield%2C+T+L%3BWarren%2C+R+L%3BHoover%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella melitensis; vaccination; immune response (cell-mediated); lymphocytes; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of supercooling points in the overwintering of the horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 16068097; 4105422 AB - Supercooling points were determined for eggs, 3rd instars, pupae, newly emerged unfed adults and 3-d-old engorged laboratory reared adults of Haematobia irritans (L.) and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Wild nondiapausing and diapausing pupae of H. irritans also were tested. Mean supercooling points ranged from -28.0 degree C for H. irritans eggs to -6.8 degree C for H. irritans larvae. Mean supercooling points of all H. irritans developmental stages were lower than those of comparable S. calcitrans developmental stages, with the exception of larvae where the reverse was true. The mean supercooling point of diapausing H. irritans pupae (-23.5 degree C) was significantly lower than those of nondiapausing laboratory pupae (-20.8 degree C) or nondiapausing wild pupae (-20.2 degree C). Developmental stages of both species were freeze intolerant, with no survival following exposures to temperatures below the supercooling points. Results are discussed with respect to the disparate overwintering strategies of these species and in relation to typical climatic minima experienced in south central Texas. The cold tolerance of H. irritans and S. calcitrans pupae was compared at 4 degree C, a temperature below their developmental threshold of 11.5 degree C and above their mean supercooling points. The survival of H. irritans pupae was significantly greater than the survival of S. calcitrans pupae. Cold injury was a significant mortality factor for both species. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jones AU - Kunz, SE AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 426 EP - 429 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - Horn fly KW - Stable fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - supercooling KW - Stomoxys calcitrans KW - life cycle KW - overwintering KW - temperature tolerance KW - Haematobia irritans KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05177:Water, temperature & ionic regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Importance+of+supercooling+points+in+the+overwintering+of+the+horn+fly+and+stable+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Jones%3BKunz%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; supercooling; overwintering; life cycle; temperature tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Aphthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the laboratory AN - 16067159; 4105420 AB - The flea beetle Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras was introduced to Canada in 1983 and the United States in 1989 for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. Life history data for A. nigriscutis are described based on laboratory studies using infect populations from Barnes County, North Dakota, and Fallon County, Montana. Initial emergence of males and females from spring soil samples was synchronized, but complete emergence for males preceded that of females. For the Barnes County population, approximately 80% of the adults were female. When adults were held as mated pairs at 25 degree C and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L:D) h, male longevity was longer than that of the female with a median longevity of 221 and 124 d, respectively. Oviposition started approximately 10 d after female emergence and proceeded at a rate of 4 eggs per day over an average oviposition period of 109 d. Oviposition averaged 537 eggs per female with a range of 103-1,157. Eggs from the Fallon County population started to hatch within 10 d after oviposition when eggs were held at 25 degree C. Egg hatch averaged near 60% and occurred over a period of approximately 8 d. Life history data for A. nigriscutis were similar to other univoltine Aphthona spp., except A. nigriscutis had a female-biased sex ratio, greater male longevity, and higher female oviposition. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Jackson, J J AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 433 EP - 437 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Aphthona nigriscutis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - life history KW - oviposition KW - longevity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Aphthona+nigriscutis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+in+the+laboratory&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; life history; oviposition; longevity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical characterization of pectate lyases produced by fluorescent pseudomonads associated with spoilage of fresh fruits and vegetables AN - 16047190; 4098881 AB - An improved method for purification of pectate lyases (PLI and PLII) from culture fluids of Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 and Ps. viridiflava PJ-08-6 by using a phosphocellulose cation exchanger was described. Analysis of purified PLI and PLII by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis revealed that both enzymes had been purified to near homogeneity. Optimal Ca super(2+) concentration required for PLI and PLII activity was determined to be 0.5 mmol/l. The Ca super(2+) requirement could not be replaced by other metal cations such as Mg super(2+), Cu super(2+), Zn super(2+), Fe super(3+) and Co super(2+). Optimal pH for activity was determined to be between 8.5 and 9.0. The K sub(m) values for sodium polygalacturonate were 1.28 and 1.11 mg/ml for PLI and PLII, respectively. Both PLI and PLII were stable at low temperatures (25 degree C or below) for at least 1 month. However, at 37 degree C, the activity decreased 50% in 36 h. Optimal temperatures for activity were estimated to be 46 degree and 52 degree C for PLI and PLII, respectively. Thermal stability of both enzymes at elevated temperatures (48 degree C or higher) increased when CaCl sub(2) or a positively charged molecule such as polylysine was present, but decreased when polygalacturonate or a negatively charged molecule such as heparin was present. PLI and PLII exhibit differential degrees of sensitivity to group-specific inhibitors, including iodoacetic acid and diethylpyrocarbonate. This result suggests that both sulphydryl and imidazole groups are important for the catalytic function of PLI and PLII. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Liao, C-H AU - Sullivan, J AU - Grady, J AU - Wong, L-JC AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 10 EP - 16 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - pectate lyase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - rot KW - food spoilage KW - biochemistry KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - storage KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16047190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+characterization+of+pectate+lyases+produced+by+fluorescent+pseudomonads+associated+with+spoilage+of+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables&rft.au=Liao%2C+C-H%3BSullivan%2C+J%3BGrady%2C+J%3BWong%2C+L-JC&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C-H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas viridiflava; biochemistry; food spoilage; rot; storage; fruits; vegetables ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term species and structural changes after cleaning young even-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire, USA AN - 16037446; 4089204 AB - The effects of four cleaning practices (including a control) on species composition and structural characteristics were studied over a 31-year period following treatment of an even-aged 25-year-old northern-hardwood stand that originated after complete clearcutting in 1933-1935. The treatments consisted of: a heavy and a light crop tree cleaning; a drastic species-cleaning treatment that removed nearly all pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and grandidentata Michx.), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) sprout clumps followed by a crop-tree cleaning; and an uncut control. There were no significant differences among treatments in species and structural characteristics in the 56-year-old stand at the end of the study period, except for the presence of a moderate aspen component in the light cleaning and the control. Although previous research shows that cleaning treatments in young northern hardwoods may have silvicultural and economic benefits, the impact of such treatments on long-term stand development is relatively minor. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Leak, W B AU - Smith, M-L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - species composition KW - community structure KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+species+and+structural+changes+after+cleaning+young+even-aged+northern+hardwoods+in+New+Hampshire%2C+USA&rft.au=Leak%2C+W+B%3BSmith%2C+M-L&rft.aulast=Leak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire; forests; species composition; community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A relative-flux-correction scheme for analyzing three dimensional data of a tile-drained agricultural plot AN - 16032858; 4096399 AB - The use of simple geostatistical tools is often constrained by data trend (nonstationarity) to characterize the spatial variability of soil properties in the subsurface environment influenced by any site-specific feature(s). Adaptive approaches, such as site-specific robust-resistant schemes, median polishing, trend analysis, etc., are thus used to preprocess the spatial data before analyzing for their spatial structures. Soil water nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N) concentration (mg l super(-1)) and soil moisture content (cm) data collected jointly from 175 sites arranged on a 5 x 7 x 5 three-dimensional (3-D) grid network of 7.6 m x 7.6 m x 0.3 m spacings in a tile-drained agricultural plot were analyzed for their three-dimensional spatial distribution and for possible coregionalization. We propose a physical process-based correction scheme to preprocess the nonstationary spatial data of soil NO sub(3)-N concentration and soil moisture content. Using the subsurface-drain flow phenomenon, we developed a relative-Darcy-flux-based correction scheme to remove any tile drainage-induced nonstationarity in the spatial data of soil NO sub(3)-N concentration and soil moisture content prior to conducting the spatial analysis in the 3-D soil volume. 3-D composite semivariograms of relative-flux-corrected NO sub(3)-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected moisture content showed anisotropic linear structures in three principal directions. Linear models characterized by steep slopes were found in the directions perpendicular to tile line as opposed to nugget models found in the direction parallel to the tile line. Good spatial correlation between the relative-flux-corrected NO sub(3)-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected soil moisture content and their anisotropic linear semivariograms produced anisotropic linear cross semivariograms in 3-D. The 3-D composite cross semivariogram will be useful in predicting the more expensive variable, (relative-flux-corrected) soil water NO sub(3)-N concentration, at unsampled locations in the soil profile with a cheaper surrogate, the measured (relative-flux-corrected) soil moisture content. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Kanwar, R S AD - US Salinity Lab. USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 107 EP - 125 VL - 194 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - semivariograms KW - path of pollutants KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - subsurface drainage KW - spatial distribution KW - tile drains KW - moisture content KW - agriculture KW - nitrates KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+relative-flux-correction+scheme+for+analyzing+three+dimensional+data+of+a+tile-drained+agricultural+plot&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BKanwar%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - moisture content; soil water; nitrates; tile drains; spatial distribution; subsurface drainage; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream water and soil solution responses to 5 years of nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia AN - 16022851; 4089210 AB - To examine the effects of elevated N and S inputs on a central hardwood forest, a whole-watershed acidification experiment was initiated in 1989 on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Annual experimental additions of 40 kg S ha-1 year-1 and 35 kg N ha-1 year-1 as ammonium sulfate fertilizer were applied to a 34 ha watershed with a 25-year-old stand of central Appalachian hardwoods. An adjacent watershed served as the control. After 5 years of treatment (total additions of 275 kg S ha-1 and 220 kg N ha-1), stream water NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentrations and export increased. Soil solution concentrations provide evidence that the treatment watershed is nitrogen-saturated, which was unexpected for such a young stand. No statistically significant changes in annual SO42- export were observed, but peak stream water concentrations of SO42- did increase during the treatment period. Changes in soil solution chemistry suggest that the treated watershed also may be approaching SO42- saturation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AU - Angradi, T R AU - Kochenderfer, J N AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 79 EP - 91 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - stream pollution KW - soil solution KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - calcium KW - watersheds KW - air pollution KW - geochemistry KW - forests KW - nitrogen compounds KW - sulfates KW - nitrates KW - acidification KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16022851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Stream+water+and+soil+solution+responses+to+5+years+of+nitrogen+and+sulfur+additions+at+the+Fernow+Experimental+Forest%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BAngradi%2C+T+R%3BKochenderfer%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrogen compounds; air pollution; calcium; nitrates; sulfates; forests; watersheds; acidification; stream pollution; soil solution; geochemistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic peanut expressing the viral nucleocapsid gene AN - 16018517; 4091476 AB - The nucleocapsid gene of tomato spotted wilt virus Hawaiian L isolate in a sense orientation, and the GUS and NPTII marker genes, were introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. New Mexico Valencia A) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Modifications to a previously defined transformation protocol reduced the time required for production of transformed peanut plants. Transgenes were stably integrated into the peanut genome and transmitted to progeny. RNA expression and production of nucleocapsid protein in transgenic peanut were observed. Progeny of transgenic peanut plants expressing the nucleocapsid gene showed a 10- to 15-day delay in symptom development after mechanical inoculations with the donor isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus. All transgenic plants were protected from systemic tomato spotted wilt virus infection. Inoculated non-transformed control plants and plants transformed with a gene cassette not containing the nucleocapsid gene became systemically infected and displayed typical tomato spotted wilt virus symptoms. These results demonstrate that protection against tomato spotted wilt virus can be achieved in transgenic peanut plants by expression of the sense RNA of the tomato spotted wilt virus nucleocapsid gene. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Li, Zhijian AU - Jarret, R L AU - Demski, J W AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Genetic Resour., 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - disease resistance KW - Agrobacterium KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - transgenic plants KW - nucleocapsids KW - tomato spotted wilt virus KW - transformation KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Engineered+resistance+to+tomato+spotted+wilt+virus+in+transgenic+peanut+expressing+the+viral+nucleocapsid+gene&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhijian%3BJarret%2C+R+L%3BDemski%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhijian&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; transgenic plants; nucleocapsids; transformation; Arachis hypogaea; Agrobacterium; tomato spotted wilt virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ribotyping to distinguish Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates AN - 16018387; 4091042 AB - A total of 113 Bordetella bronchiseptica strains, isolated from 11 different host species worldwide, were characterized by ribotyping with restriction enzyme PvuII. Sixteen distinct ribotypes were identified, and each ribotype contained five to seven restriction fragments ranging in size from 1.8 to 5.6 kb. Approximately 88% of the swine isolates were identified as ribotype 3 strains. Isolates from dogs also displayed little variation; 74.1% were found to be ribotype 4 strains. Strains obtained from the remaining nine host species belonged to 15 different ribotypes. There was no association between geographic location and ribotype. The technique which we used may be useful for epidemiologic studies in which the transmission of B. bronchiseptica, both within and between species, is investigated. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Register, K B AU - Boisvert, A AU - Ackermann, M R AD - Swine Respir. Dis. Project, USDA ARS Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 678 EP - 683 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - ribotyping KW - deoxyribonuclease PvuII KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - typing KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Use+of+ribotyping+to+distinguish+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+isolates&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BBoisvert%2C+A%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=678&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; typing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant AN - 15968323; 4069990 AB - Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines. Dihydroconiferyl alcohol, a monomer not normally associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway, is the major component of the mutant's lignin, accounting for similar to 30 percent (versus similar to 3 percent in normal pine) of the units. The level of aldehydes, including new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes, is also increased. The mutant pines grew normally indicating that, even within a species, extensive variations in lignin composition need not disrupt the essential functions of lignin. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Ralph, J AU - MacKay, J J AU - Hatfield, R D AU - O'Malley, D M AU - Whetten, R W AU - Sederoff, R R AD - US Dairy Forage Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706-1108, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 235 EP - 239 VL - 277 IS - 5323 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - lignin KW - cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase KW - dihydroconiferyl alcohol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15968323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Abnormal+lignin+in+a+loblolly+pine+mutant&rft.au=Ralph%2C+J%3BMacKay%2C+J+J%3BHatfield%2C+R+D%3BO%27Malley%2C+D+M%3BWhetten%2C+R+W%3BSederoff%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5323&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation of soil metals. AN - 79091570; 9206007 AB - The phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils offers a low-cost method for soil remediation and some extracted metals may be recycled for value. Both the phytoextraction of metals and the phytovolatilization of Se or Hg by plants offer great promise for commercial development. Natural metal hyperaccumulator phenotype is much more important than high-yield ability when using plants to remove metals from contaminated soils. The hypertolerance of metals is the key plant characteristic required for hyperaccumulation; vacuolar compartmentalization appears to be the source of hypertolerance of natural hyperaccumulator plants. Alternatively, soil Pb and Cr6+ may be inactivated in the soil by plants and soil amendments (phytostabilization). Little molecular understanding of plant activities critical to phytoremediation has been achieved, but recent progress in characterizing Fe, Cd and Zn uptake by Arabidopsis and yeast mutants indicates strategies for developing transgenic improved phytoremediation cultivars for commercial use. JF - Current opinion in biotechnology AU - Chaney, R L AU - Malik, M AU - Li, Y M AU - Brown, S L AU - Brewer, E P AU - Angle, J S AU - Baker, A J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center West, MD 20705, USA. rchaney@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Metalloproteins KW - Metals KW - Plant Proteins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Metallothionein KW - 9038-94-2 KW - Phytochelatins KW - 98726-08-0 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Chelating Agents -- metabolism KW - Metallothionein -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport, Active KW - Metalloproteins -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Plant KW - Metalloproteins -- metabolism KW - Biotechnology KW - Metallothionein -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plants -- genetics KW - Metals -- isolation & purification KW - Metals -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79091570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+soil+metals.&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R+L%3BMalik%2C+M%3BLi%2C+Y+M%3BBrown%2C+S+L%3BBrewer%2C+E+P%3BAngle%2C+J+S%3BBaker%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in vitro and in vivo. AN - 79056685; 9181611 AB - At 7 d postinoculation (DPI) with a mixed culture of avian Eimeria species, 21-d-old chicks maintained in batteries and floor pens on a diet containing 0.15% (3 lb/ton) betaine plus 66 ppm (60 g/ton) salinomycin were significantly heavier and had significantly lower feed conversion ratios and mortality than chicks fed diets containing 0.15% betaine or 66 ppm salinomycin alone, or the control diet. At 31 DPI, when the chicks were 45 d old, the differences between the diet groups were not as great as at 7 DPI. In vitro, except at high concentrations, betaine was nontoxic to sporozoites of Eimeria tenella or Eimeria acervulina and had little effect on their invasion and development in cultured cells. In vivo, invasion by E. tenella and E. acervulina sporozoites was significantly reduced in all chicks fed diets containing betaine or salinomycin compared with that in control chicks. There was a significant interaction between betaine and salinomycin that impacted on invasion by both species. Overall development of E. tenella did not appear to be adversely affected by addition of betaine to diets containing salinomycin. Conversely, development of E. acervulina was reduced in chicks fed diets containing 0.075% (1.5 lb/ton) betaine plus 66 ppm salinomycin as compared with that in chicks fed salinomycin alone. JF - Poultry science AU - Augustine, P C AU - McNaughton, J L AU - Virtanen, E AU - Rosi, L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 802 EP - 809 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Coccidiostats KW - 0 KW - Lipotropic Agents KW - Pyrans KW - Betaine KW - 3SCV180C9W KW - salinomycin KW - 62UXS86T64 KW - Index Medicus KW - Coccidiostats -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Pyrans -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Intestines -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- parasitology KW - Coccidiostats -- therapeutic use KW - Intestines -- parasitology KW - Pyrans -- therapeutic use KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Coccidiosis -- drug therapy KW - Coccidiosis -- physiopathology KW - Chickens -- parasitology KW - Betaine -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Eimeria tenella -- physiology KW - Coccidiosis -- veterinary KW - Lipotropic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Poultry Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Eimeria tenella -- drug effects KW - Eimeria -- drug effects KW - Eimeria -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79056685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+betaine+on+the+growth+performance+of+chicks+inoculated+with+mixed+cultures+of+avian+Eimeria+species+and+on+invasion+and+development+of+Eimeria+tenella+and+Eimeria+acervulina+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.&rft.au=Augustine%2C+P+C%3BMcNaughton%2C+J+L%3BVirtanen%2C+E%3BRosi%2C+L&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Poult Sci 1997 Nov;76(11):1623 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Types of salt structures in the Peri-Caspian Depression AN - 52506326; 1999-024469 AB - The structure of a unique salt-dome province--the Peri-Caspian saliferous basin--is discussed. A direct relationship between the structural features of the saliferous sequence and the nature of post-Kungurian tectonic movements is demonstrated. Spatial distribution of various types of salt structures is outlined, and their classification is given. Based on the performed studies, the evolution of the salt-bearing Peri-Caspian basin is reconstructed. JF - Geotectonics AU - Volozh, Yu A AU - Volchegurskii, L F AU - Groshev, V G AU - Shishkina, T Yu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 204 EP - 217 PB - MAIK Nauka/ Interperiodica Publishing, Birmingham, AL VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0016-8521, 0016-8521 KW - salt tectonics KW - geophysical surveys KW - salt domes KW - common-depth-point method KW - geophysical methods KW - reflection methods KW - paleogeography KW - Central Asia KW - seismic methods KW - Caspian Depression KW - velocity structure KW - surveys KW - tectonics KW - reconstruction KW - Asia KW - crust KW - 16:Structural geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52506326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotectonics&rft.atitle=Types+of+salt+structures+in+the+Peri-Caspian+Depression&rft.au=Volozh%2C+Yu+A%3BVolchegurskii%2C+L+F%3BGroshev%2C+V+G%3BShishkina%2C+T+Yu&rft.aulast=Volozh&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotectonics&rft.issn=00168521&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.maik.rssi.ru/cgi-bin/journal.pl?name=geoteng&page=main LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - AL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. charts, strat. cols. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEOTBK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Caspian Depression; Central Asia; common-depth-point method; crust; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; paleogeography; reconstruction; reflection methods; salt domes; salt tectonics; seismic methods; surveys; tectonics; velocity structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field procedures for the headcut erodibility index AN - 52459233; 1999-048601 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Moore, John S Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 563 EP - 574 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - soil mechanics KW - shear strength KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - grain size KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - deformation KW - weathering KW - preventive measures KW - cohesive materials KW - dams KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52459233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Field+procedures+for+the+headcut+erodibility+index&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 12 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cohesive materials; dams; deformation; erodibility; erosion; grain size; granulometry; mathematical models; preventive measures; shear strength; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; stream transport; water erosion; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of different plant species used for phytoremediation of high soil selenium AN - 52278289; 2001-007305 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Ajwa, H A AU - Mackey, B AU - Wu, L AU - Cook, C AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambruzuski, S Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 639 EP - 646 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - toxic materials KW - Plantae KW - Washington KW - selenium KW - variance analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - irrigation KW - absorption KW - wetlands KW - boron KW - trace elements KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52278289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+different+plant+species+used+for+phytoremediation+of+high+soil+selenium&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BAjwa%2C+H+A%3BMackey%2C+B%3BWu%2C+L%3BCook%2C+C%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambruzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; agriculture; boron; Hanford Site; irrigation; methods; Plantae; pollution; selenium; soils; statistical analysis; toxic materials; trace elements; United States; variance analysis; Washington; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration of time domain reflectometry technique using undisturbed soil samples from humid tropical soils of volcanic origin AN - 50166066; 1997-069111 AB - Time domain reflectrometry (TDR) is used to measure the apparent dielectric number (K (sub a) ) in soils. We studied two soil types (Humitropept and Hapludand) of low bulk density (about 0.7 Mg m (super -3) at 0.05 m to 0.8 Mg m (super -3) at 0.3 m depth) and high organic matter content (about 7% at 0.05 m to 4% at 0.3 m depth). Soils are located in a humid tropical environment (average annual soil water content is 0.51 to 0.58 m (super 3) m (super -3) ). For calibration, undisturbed soil blocks, with a TDR probe installed in the center, were saturated and then allowed to dry by evaporation. Volumetric water content was calculated from measured K (sub a) values and from gravimetric measurements. Because we used undisturbed soil samples, our calibration accounts for the natural heterogeneity in soils. We tested the suitability of various calibration functions relating K (sub a) to soil water content for our soils. TDR technique underestimated the actual soil water content by 0.05-0.15 m (super 3) m (super -3) , when using the widely applied Topp calibration function. A three-phase mixing model with a geometry parameter, alpha = 0.47, fit our data best. We consider mixing models to be a robust approach for calibration of TDR technique on various soils. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Weitz, A M AU - Grauel, W T AU - Keller, M AU - Veldkamp, E Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 1241 EP - 1249 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - tropical environment KW - soils KW - Humitropepts KW - terrestrial environment KW - La Selva Costa Rica KW - Costa Rica KW - humid environment KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - unsaturated zone KW - calibration KW - Hapludands KW - water regimes KW - Central America KW - time domain reflectometry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Calibration+of+time+domain+reflectometry+technique+using+undisturbed+soil+samples+from+humid+tropical+soils+of+volcanic+origin&rft.au=Weitz%2C+A+M%3BGrauel%2C+W+T%3BKeller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E&rft.aulast=Weitz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F96WR03956 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calibration; Central America; Costa Rica; electrical methods; geophysical methods; Hapludands; humid environment; Humitropepts; La Selva Costa Rica; soils; terrestrial environment; time domain reflectometry; tropical environment; unsaturated zone; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96WR03956 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction Analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxins with Two Aminopeptidases from Gypsy Moth Midgut Brush Border Membranes AN - 16557076; 4376679 AB - A 100 kDa aminopeptidase N isolated from Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) has previously been reported to function as a surface binding protein for the entomocidal protein toxin Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis. Fractionation of detergent-solubilized, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-digested BBMV membrane proteins by ion-exchange chromatography revealed two distinct peaks of aminopeptidase activity from which two proteins, APN-1 and APN-2, were purified. Western blot immunoanalysis revealed that the previously reported 100 kDa APN (APN-1 in this study) was antigenically distinct from the newly identified 105 kDa APN-2. Both ligand blots and Cry1Ac-Sepharose affinity chromatography revealed that only APN-1 was able to bind Cry1Ac. The narrow specificity and kinetic binding characteristics of APN-1 for Cry1Ac were determined using a surface plasmon resonance-based optical biosensor. APN-1 from the gypsy moth possessed a single Cry1Ac toxin-binding site and did not interact with either Cry1Aa or Cry1Ab. The association and dissociation rate constants of Cry1Ac and APN-1 were determined to be 7.2 x 10 super(4) Ms super(-1) and 2.3 x 10 super(-3) s super(-1), respectively, with an apparent affinity constant of 3.2 x 10 super(-8) M. Toxin binding to APN-1 was directly inhibited with N-acetylgalactosamine, suggesting that this aminosugar forms an integral part of the binding site. The absence of recognition of all Cry toxins by APN-2 suggests that either APN-2 recognizes an untested subclass of Cry toxins, or alternatively, not all APN molecules in larval midguts serve to function as toxin-binding proteins. JF - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Valaitis AU - Mazza, A AU - Brousseau, R AU - Masson, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, /s=a.valaitis/ou=s24105a@mhs-fswa.attmail.com Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 529 EP - 539 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - Cry1A protein KW - aminopeptidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Brush border membranes KW - Pathogenicity KW - Midgut KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Interaction+Analyses+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+Cry1A+Toxins+with+Two+Aminopeptidases+from+Gypsy+Moth+Midgut+Brush+Border+Membranes&rft.au=Valaitis%3BMazza%2C+A%3BBrousseau%2C+R%3BMasson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Valaitis&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Lymantria dispar; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Enzymatic activity; Brush border membranes; Midgut ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental hazard of selenium in the Animas La Plata water development project AN - 16518584; 4365092 AB - A hazard assessment of selenium was conducted for the Animas La Plata Project, a multiple-use water development proposed for Colorado and New Mexico by the United States Bureau of Reclamation. A published protocol for aquatic hazard assessment of selenium was applied to environmental monitoring data to assess current threats to biota in the water supply rivers (Animas, La Plata, and Mancos Rivers). Hazard evaluations were also made for two proposed reservoirs (Ridges Basin and Southern Ute Reservoirs) based on estimated concentrations of selenium. The assessment protocol indicated moderate hazard in the Animas and La Plata Rivers, and high hazard in the Mancos River and both of the proposed reservoirs. These ratings indicate that the risk of selenium poisoning in fish and aquatic birds is substantial. Moreover, the geology and climate of this site make it prone to irrigation-induced selenium contamination of water and biota. The water supplies already contain dangerously high concentrations of selenium that may increase further due to agricultural irrigation drainage. The stage is set for significant environmental problems unless a development scenario can be devised that will effectively reduce ecological risks. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Lemly, AD AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 92 EP - 96 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - USA, Colorado KW - USA, Colorado, Animas R. KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Irrigation water KW - Water supplies KW - Agricultural practices KW - Biota KW - Water resources development KW - Reservoirs KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Rivers KW - Environmental impact KW - Poisoning KW - Aquatic environment KW - Monitoring KW - Risk assessment KW - agricultural practices KW - Surface water KW - Pollution effects KW - Hazards KW - Selenium KW - Pollution KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16518584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Environmental+hazard+of+selenium+in+the+Animas+La+Plata+water+development+project&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation water; Rivers; Surface water; Poisoning; Environmental impact; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Aquatic environment; Water pollution; Hazards; Selenium; Biota; Monitoring; Agricultural runoff; Pollution; Freshwater pollution; Risk assessment; Water supplies; Agricultural practices; Reservoirs; agricultural practices; Water resources development; USA, New Mexico; USA, Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RAPD analysis of somaclonal variants derived from embryo callus cultures of peach AN - 16470423; 4336642 AB - Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] regenerants from cv 'Sunhigh' embryo no. 156, regenerants obtained from cv 'Redhaven' embryo no. 30, and two peach cultivars 'Sunhigh' and 'Redhaven', were screened for polymorphic RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with up to 60 10-mer primers. Although 35 primers produced results with scoreable bands, only 10 of the primers revealed polymorphism for regenerants of embryo no. 156 and cv 'Sunhigh', and 1 revealed a low level of polymorphism for regenerants of embryo no. 30 and cv 'Redhaven'. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using RAPD markers to identify somaclonal variants of peach and provides evidence for the existence of genetic differences among these variants. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Hashmi, G AU - Huettel, R AU - Meyer, R AU - Krusberg, L AU - Hammerschlag, V AD - Plant Molecular Biology, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 624 EP - 627 VL - 16 IS - 9 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Peach KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16470423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=RAPD+analysis+of+somaclonal+variants+derived+from+embryo+callus+cultures+of+peach&rft.au=Hashmi%2C+G%3BHuettel%2C+R%3BMeyer%2C+R%3BKrusberg%2C+L%3BHammerschlag%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hashmi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrafloral nectar, honeydew, and sucrose effects on searching behavior and efficiency of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in cotton AN - 16457188; 4349258 AB - The influence of extrafloral nectar, sucrose, or whitefly honeydew on host- and food-searching behavior of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) females was investigated. Retention time, parasitization rate, time allocation to host damaged leaves and time interval between subsequent host attacks were compared in different cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., patch treatments containing Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie) hosts. Parasitoids that were starved for 2 d before release to patches with either sucrose or extrafloral nectar showed longer retention times and higher rates of parasitization than those not able to feed. The presence of food in the patch increased the time allocated to damaged leaves, but did not reduce the time interval between host attacks. Parasitoids that fed in patches with honeydew showed a similar performance to parasitoids in patches without any food, probably as a result of the relatively low quantity and quality of this food source for M. croceipes. The initial and subsequent detectability of different food sources was also investigated. More parasitoids found extrafloral nectar than sucrose in a first release. However, in a subsequent release, nectar and sucrose were found equally fast. Therefore, parasitoids showed an innate attraction to extrafloral nectar, whereas learning may have influenced orientation to sucrose. The importance and use of cotton extrafloral nectar as food source for adult parasitoids and the means of using extrafloral nectar as part of a pest management strategy in biological control are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Stapel, JO AU - Cortesero, A M AU - De Moraes, CM AU - Tumlinson, J H AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 617 EP - 623 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Bollworm KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Corn earworm KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Underwings KW - honeydew KW - host searching behavior KW - nectar KW - sucrose KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Extrafloral+nectar%2C+honeydew%2C+and+sucrose+effects+on+searching+behavior+and+efficiency+of+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+cotton&rft.au=Stapel%2C+JO%3BCortesero%2C+A+M%3BDe+Moraes%2C+CM%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Stapel&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) to volatiles from avian fecal material AN - 16454309; 4349253 AB - Flight tunnel bioassays confirmed attraction of female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), to volatiles from aqueous solutions of avian fecal material and methanol extracts of avian fecal material. Attraction was highest to freshly prepared and 72-h-old solutions of crude material. In direct comparisons between aqueous solutions of crude material and weight-equivalent amounts of methanol extract, more females were captured in response to volatiles from crude material in tests of 0-, 24- and 72-h-old solutions. Ammonia release rate was greater from the crude material than from the methanol extract in tests of 0-, 24- and 48-h-old solutions, The greatest amount ( plus or minus sd) of ammonia was released from freshly prepared aqueous solutions of crude material (777 plus or minus 250 mu g/h from 75 mg of crude material) but dropped within 24 h (288 plus or minus 96 mu g/h from 75 mg of crude material) and then stayed close to that level. The greatest amount of ammonia released from methanol extracts was obtained from freshly prepared solutions (229 plus or minus 70 mu g/h from 75 mg crude material weight equivalent), also dropped within 24 h (98 plus or minus 12 mu g/h from 75 mg crude material weight equivalent) and then stayed fairly constant. Numbers of flies captured by either solution were directly correlated with ammonia release within the first 48 h of testing only, indicating that ammonia was partially or wholly responsible for attraction to the crude material during the first 48 h of testing. An increase in capture of females by volatiles from avian fecal material after 72 h in aqueous solution, which was observed in all tests, indicates that some chemical(s), other than ammonia, remain to be identified that are involved in fruit fly attraction. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Epsky, N D AU - Dueben, B D AU - Heath, R R AU - Lauzon, C R AU - Prokopy, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 270 EP - 277 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Aves KW - Birds KW - Caribbean fruit fly KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - attraction KW - feces KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+volatiles+from+avian+fecal+material&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BLauzon%2C+C+R%3BProkopy%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storm water discharge regulations affecting the eastern forest products industry AN - 16436084; 4339357 AB - Storm water runoff or discharge is a major source of water pollution. In an effort to reduce this pollution, the Federal Clean Water Act was amended in 1987 to establish a compressive framework for the development of state and federal storm discharge permits. This paper 1) examines the evolution, costs, and requirements of these permits for wood products industries; 2) contrasts specific permit requirements for sawmills versus chromium copper arsenic treating facilities in the Eastern United States; and 3) examines how forest industry trade associations have reacted to the implementation of these regulations. The analysis is based on permits and other documentation obtained for state and federal agencies. These items were analyzed using an identical set of questions. Examination of the resulting data found considerable variation in permit cost and requirements. While some states have extremely low-cost permitting processes, other states have expensive processes. Further, there was considerable variation in monitoring requirements between states. The variations in monitoring requirements appear to be the result of different priorities and varying levels of human and financial resources and the continual evolution of federal regulations. Industry associations have worked with governmental agencies in establishing permit requirements but have been frustrated with the confusion and uncertainty that occurred during the development of federal guidelines. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Luppold, W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Expt. Sta., 241 Mercer Springs Rd., Princeton, WV 24740, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 32 EP - 38 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - State regulations KW - Freshwater KW - Pollution legislation KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Economics KW - Permits KW - Industrial pollution KW - Forestry KW - Marine KW - Federal regulations KW - Forest industry KW - Lumber industry KW - Brackish KW - Wood KW - USA, East KW - Environmental legislation KW - Clean Water Act KW - Legislation KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Storm+water+discharge+regulations+affecting+the+eastern+forest+products+industry&rft.au=Luppold%2C+W&rft.aulast=Luppold&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Forest industry; Economics; Wood; Permits; Environmental legislation; Pollution legislation; Legislation; Pollution control; Federal regulations; State regulations; Lumber industry; Clean Water Act; Industrial pollution; Forestry; USA, East; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple roots and orchard soils AN - 16344863; 4266293 AB - Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated from the roots of apple trees and associated soil collected in orchards located near Moxee, Quincy, East Wenatchee, and Wenatchee, WA. The anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple were determined by hyphal anastomosis with tester strains on 2% water agar and, where warranted, sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and restriction analysis of an amplified fragment from the 28S ribosomal RNA gene were used to corroborate these identifications. The dominant AG of R. solani isolated from the Moxee and East Wenatchee orchards were AG 5 and AG 6, respectively. Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. were recovered from apple roots at three of four orchards surveyed and included isolates of AG-A, -G, -I, -J, and -Q. In artificial inoculations, isolates of R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 caused extensive root rot and death of 2- to 20-week-old apple transplants, providing evidence that isolates of R. solani AG 6 can be highly virulent and do not merely exist as saprophytes. The effect of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. on growth of apple seedlings was isolate-dependent and ranged from growth enhancement to severe root rot. R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 were isolated from stunted trees, but not healthy trees, in an orchard near Moxee, WA, that exhibited severe symptoms of apple replant disease, suggesting that R. solani may have a role in this disease complex. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 582 EP - 587 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - orchards KW - roots KW - soil KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+pathogenicity+of+Rhizoctonia+spp.+isolated+from+apple+roots+and+orchard+soils&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality as design criterion in drainage water management systems AN - 16338076; 4300401 AB - In the past, irrigation and drainage systems were designed and managed as separate entities. As water supplies become scarce and environmental restrictions increase, there will be a demand for the integrated design and management of irrigation and drainage systems. This type of system will make optimum use of existing water supplies and should reduce the impact of return flow on the environment. Modifications in current drainage design practice are presented that will facilitate integrated management. Recommended modifications include changing the design minimum water table depth from 1.2 to 0.9 m and the depth of drains from 2.4 to 1.5 m. These changes, coupled with either improved irrigation management or the incorporation of crop water use from shallow ground water, will result in approximately the same drain spacings as calculated using the USBR transient design procedure. Adopting the new drain depth criterion should result in less drain water and lower salt loads being discharged. These concepts were demonstrated with simulations using a drainage system designed for a cotton crop growing in the presence of shallow ground water. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Ayars, JE AU - Grismer, ME AU - Guitjens, J C AD - USDA-ARS Water Manage. Res. Lab., 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 123 IS - 3 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16338076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Water+quality+as+design+criterion+in+drainage+water+management+systems&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BGrismer%2C+ME%3BGuitjens%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] AN - 16336069; 4264317 AB - Regeneration of several varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves has been demonstrated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from epicotyls and primary leaves when cotyledon halves with the intact zygotic embryo axes were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 mg l super(-1) (45.2 mu M) 2,4-D. Stable, continuously proliferating globular embryo cultures (GEC) were established from small groups of somatic embryos on MS medium supplemented with 20 mg l super(-1) (90.5 mu M) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Rapid multiplication of shoot tips from germinating somatic embryos was achieved on Cheng's basal medium (CBO) containing 2.5 mg l super(-1) (11.3 mu M) 6-benzyladenine. Fertile plants were obtained from individual somatic embryos and in vitro propagated adventitious shoot bud cultures. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Pellow, J W AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 88 EP - 91 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - embryo cells KW - leaves KW - somatic embryogenesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Somatic+embryogenesis+from+cultured+epicotyls+and+primary+leaves+of+soybean+%5BGlycine+max+%28L.%29+Merrill%5D&rft.au=Rajasekaran%2C+K%3BPellow%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Rajasekaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of wind on the dispersal of oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi from sorghum AN - 16315694; 4256646 AB - The effect of wind on the dispersal of oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi, cause of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) is described. The oospores are produced within the leaves of aging, systemically infected sorghum plants. These leaves typically undergo shredding, releasing oospores into the air. Oospores are produced in large numbers (6 super(.)1 x 10 super(3) cm super(-2) of systemically infected leaf) and an estimate of the settling velocity of single oospores (0 super(.)0437 m s super(-1)) of P. sorghi indicated their suitability for wind dispersal. In wind tunnel studies wind speeds as low as 2 m s super(-1) dispersed up to 665 oospores per m super(3) air from a group of leaves previously exposed to wind and displaying symptoms of leaf shredding. The number of oospores dispersed increased exponentially with increasing wind speed. At 6 m s super(-1), up to 12 890 oospores per m super(3) air were dispersed. Gusts increased oospore dispersal. A constant wind speed of 3 m s super(-1) dispersed a mean of 416 oospores per m super(3). When gusts were applied the mean was 15 592 oospores per m super(3). In field experiments in Zimbabwe, oospores were sampled downwind from infected plants in the field and at a height of 3 super(.)8 m above ground level immediately downwind of an infected crop. These data indicate that wind could play a major role in the dispersal of oospores from infected plants in areas where SDM infects sorghum, perhaps dispersing oospores over long distances. JF - Plant Pathology AU - Bock, CH AU - Jeger, MJ AU - Fitt, BDL AU - Sherington, J AD - USDA/ARS/SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 439 EP - 449 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - disease transmission KW - downy mildew KW - oospores KW - wind KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+wind+on+the+dispersal+of+oospores+of+Peronosclerospora+sorghi+from+sorghum&rft.au=Bock%2C+CH%3BJeger%2C+MJ%3BFitt%2C+BDL%3BSherington%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculum density and expression of major gene resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine AN - 16283148; 4292017 AB - Inoculum densities of 25 x 10 super(3) to 200 x 10 super(3) per ml of basidiospores from single aeciospore isolates avirulent or virulent to the Fr1 (fusiform resistance-1) gene were used to inoculate a control-pollinated loblolly pine family heterozygous for this gene. With two avirulent isolates, the regression curve of gall frequency 9 months after inoculation went from 26 to 50% as inoculum density increased to 100 x 10 super(3) spores. The regression curve flattened at higher inoculum densities. With two virulent isolates, gall frequency increased from 47% to a plateau at 97% as spore density increased. A double-blind element of the study correlated the occurrence of the genetic marker (RAPD marker J sub(7-)485A) for Fr1 resistance in haploid megagametophyte tissue and the presence or absence of galls on seedlings after artificial inoculations. With avirulent isolates at the two higher densities of 100 x 10 super(3) and 200 x 10 super(3), marker presence-absence and phenotypic assessments of gall presence-absence agreed for 95% of the seedlings. At the 50 x 10 super(3) level, marker-phenotype agreed for 86% of the seedlings. The increased marker-phenotype association resulted from a reduction or elimination of disease escapes as Fr1 resistance remained stable even at higher spore densities. The double-blind study indicates that resistant individuals can be identified from the megagametophyte tissue of germinating seedlings. With virulent isolates, marker and disease phenotype did not correlate, even at the lowest inoculum density. The virulent isolates appear to be homozygous for virulence because infection of marker-positive resistant seedlings equaled or exceeded that of marker-negative susceptible seedlings at the lowest inoculum density. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kuhlman, E G AU - Amerson, H V AU - Jordan, A P AU - Pepper, W D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 597 EP - 600 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Loblolly pine KW - disease resistance KW - forestry KW - gene expression KW - virulence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Inoculum+density+and+expression+of+major+gene+resistance+to+fusiform+rust+disease+in+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Kuhlman%2C+E+G%3BAmerson%2C+H+V%3BJordan%2C+A+P%3BPepper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Kuhlman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of field-grown soybean (cv. Essex) to elevated SO sub(2) under two atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations AN - 16266701; 4268236 AB - The objective of this research was to determine the effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) on field-grown soybean. Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. 'Essex') were grown a full-season in open-stop field chambers exposed to either ambient (350 mu l L super(-1)) or elevated CO sub(2) (500 mu l L super(-1)) levels under two levels of SO sub(2) (0.00 and 0.12 mu l L super(-1)). Enriched CO sub(2), with or without SO sub(2) treatments, significantly increased net photosynthesis rates, leaf area index (LAI; in R4 growth stage) and leaf dry weight, but did not significantly affect stomatal resistance, transpiration rates, leaf area, plant height, total biomass or grain yield. Elevated SO sub(2) treatments significantly decreased photosynthesis and LAI during pod fill stages, but did not significantly affect stomatal resistance, transpiration, total biomass, plant height or grain yield. Sulfur dioxide inhibited growth and development (i.e., LAI) during canopy coverage before any effects on photosynthesis were detected. The interactive effects of CO sub(2) and SO sub(2) treatments on the gas exchange parameters were significant during pod fill, where high SO sub(2) reduced photosynthesis at ambient CO sub(2) but not under elevated CO sub(2). Leaf area index values were likewise reduced by SO sub(2) exposure under ambient CO sub(2) during late flowering and pod fill stages. Thus, enriched CO sub(2) under high SO sub(2) exposure partially compensated for the negative impact of SO sub(2) stress on PS and LAI during the pod fill stages. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Lee, E H AU - Pausch, R C AU - Rowland, R A AU - Mulchi, CL AU - Rudorff, BFT AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 37 IS - 2-3 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Responses+of+field-grown+soybean+%28cv.+Essex%29+to+elevated+SO+sub%282%29+under+two+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+concentrations&rft.au=Lee%2C+E+H%3BPausch%2C+R+C%3BRowland%2C+R+A%3BMulchi%2C+CL%3BRudorff%2C+BFT&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terrestrial invertebrates as salmonid prey and nitrogen sources in streams: Contrasting old-growth and young-growth riparian forests in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. AN - 16260846; 4267967 AB - Terrestrial-derived invertebrate (TI) inputs into streams and predation on them by salmonids (40-180 mm fork length) were measured in six coastal Alaska stream reaches from April through October 1993-1994; riparian habitat of three stream reaches contained conifer-dominated old-growth (no timber harvesting) and three were alder-dominated young-growth (31 years postclearcutting). Data from pan-traps placed on stream surfaces showed that TI biomass and nitrogen inputs averaged up to 66 and 6 mg super(.)m super(-2) super(.)day super(-1), respectively, with no significant difference between habitats. Stomach contents from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cutthroat trout (O. clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) revealed that TI and aquatic-derived invertebrates (AI) were equally important prey. Additionally, salmonids from young-growth systems ingested a greater TI proportion than those from old-growth systems. There were trends but no significant differences between habitats of TI and AI biomass ingested; however, statistical power was <0.30. These results showed that TI were important juvenile salmonid prey and that a riparian overstory with more alder and denser shrub understory may increase their abundance. Riparian vegetation management will likely have important consequences on trophic levels supporting predators, including but not limited to fishes. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Wipfli AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1269 VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Salmonids KW - USA, Alaska KW - age KW - food consumption KW - food organisms KW - forests KW - juveniles KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Terrestrial+invertebrates+as+salmonid+prey+and+nitrogen+sources+in+streams%3A+Contrasting+old-growth+and+young-growth+riparian+forests+in+southeastern+Alaska%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Wipfli&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geranium virus hard to identify, easy to spread AN - 16260358; 4239139 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Becker, H AD - USDA-ARS Floral and Nursery Plants Res. Unit, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 22 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - aphid transmission KW - detection KW - infection KW - plant viruses KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16260358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Geranium+virus+hard+to+identify%2C+easy+to+spread&rft.au=Becker%2C+H&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successful pseudorabies vaccination in maternally immune piglets using recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines AN - 16255294; 4239839 AB - Three gilts were vaccinated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein gD of pseudorabies virus (PRV) (NYVAC/gD). After farrowing, the piglets were allowed to nurse normally to obtain colostral immunity and then were divided into four groups, receiving NYVAC/gD, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV (NYVAC/gB), an inactivated PRV vaccine (iPRV), or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart beginning at approximately two weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. Piglets that received NYVAC/gB or iPRV were the best protected based on lack of mortality, lower temperature responses, decreased weight loss and decreased viral shedding after challenge. These results indicate effective strategies for stimulating active immune response while still under the protection of maternal immunity. JF - Research in Veterinary Science AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Mengeling, W L AD - Virology Swine Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0034-5288, 0034-5288 KW - glycoprotein gD KW - immunity KW - pigs KW - pseudorabies virus KW - vaccines KW - vaccinia virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.atitle=Successful+pseudorabies+vaccination+in+maternally+immune+piglets+using+recombinant+vaccinia+virus+vaccines&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.issn=00345288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties from multiple tension disc infiltrometer data AN - 16241289; 4223721 AB - In a previous study, we showed that the cumulative infiltration rate measured with a tension disc infiltrometer at one particular tension does not provide enough information to estimate van Genuchten's soil-hydraulic parameters by numerical inversion of the Richards equation. In this paper we analyze the possibility of using cumulative infiltration rates obtained at several consecutive tensions for the purpose of estimating soil hydraulic parameters. We also investigate whether additional, easily obtainable information improves identifiability of the unknown parameters. The study is carried out using numerically generated data. The uniqueness problem was analyzed by studying the behavior of response surfaces in the optimized parameter planes. Our parameter estimation procedure combines the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear parameter optimization method with a quasi three-dimensional numerical model, HYDRUS-2D, which solves the variably-saturated flow equation. We found that the combination of multiple tension cumulative infiltration data with measured values of the initial and final water contents yielded unique solutions of the inverse problem for the unknown parameters. JF - Soil Science AU - Simunek, J AU - Van Genuchten, MTh AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 383 EP - 398 VL - 162 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - HYDRUS-2D KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+properties+from+multiple+tension+disc+infiltrometer+data&rft.au=Simunek%2C+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTh&rft.aulast=Simunek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epitope diversity of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum detected by flow cytometry AN - 16238436; 4225103 AB - A culture of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (F-MG) that exhibited an epitope identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6F10 was used to inoculate leghorn hens in two different trials. In Trial 1, mature hens chronically infected with F-MG were swabbed at intervals from 230 to 345 days postinoculation (PI). The F-MG isolates were tested with an agar plate fluorescent antibody (APFA) method that used a polyclonal antibody and with a flow cytometry (FC) technique that used MAb 6F10. Primary cultures of swabs taken at 258, 272, 293, 318, and 345 days PI were all identified as positive by APFA, whereas FC identified 23%-41% as positive. Subsequently, MAb 6B11 was found, which reacted positively with isolates negative to MAb 6F10. Both 6F10 and 6B11 were used in the second trial, which was designed to identify F-MG isolates that were negative to 6F10. In Trial 2, naive birds were inoculated with F-MG when they were 9 wk old and were sampled at six intervals from 13 to 154 days PI. The APFA method was used to identify primary isolation (P0) cultures, and FC was performed on P0 cultures and the same cultures after they had been passed three times (third serial passage [P3] cultures). The APFA test identified 100% of the P0 cultures as F-MG. The FC results on P0 cultures showed 34.5% as 6F10 positive and 85.1% as 6B11 positive. Results for FC on P3 cultures showed 92.3% 6F10 positive and 96.3% 6B11 positive. These results suggest that the microenvironment of the colonization site in the hen induced an epitope diversity in F-MG, as evidenced by the loss in the expression of MAb 6F10-defined epitope. Isolation of the organism from hens and propagation for several in vitro passages resulted in the re-expression of the epitope defined by MAb 6F10. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Brown, JE AU - Branton, S L AU - May, J D AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., South Central Poultry Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 289 EP - 295 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Epitopes KW - Flow cytometry KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16238436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Epitope+diversity+of+F+strain+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+detected+by+flow+cytometry&rft.au=Brown%2C+JE%3BBranton%2C+S+L%3BMay%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) reproductive responses to delayed mating AN - 16232119; 4224266 AB - Adult longevity, fecundity, and fertility of Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), females mated at 0, 1, 3, and 5 d after eclosion were examined under reversed photoperiodic and thermoperiodic conditions. Mating delays of 1 to 5 d did not significantly affect longevity. One- to 5-d delays in mating reduced fecundity primarily by shortening the oviposition period; however, females did not oviposit their entire egg complement regardless of mating age. The proportion of fertile eggs was not significantly reduced by mating delays of 50% only when mating was delayed for 5 d. Substantial reductions in fertility of E. loftini populations in response to synthetic pheromone applications would probably require that mating of most females be disrupted or delayed for >5 d. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Shaver, T N AD - USDA, ARS, Crop Insects Res. Unit, 2413 E Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Eclosion KW - Fecundity KW - Grass moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Longevity KW - Mating behavior KW - Snout moths KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Mexican+rice+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+reproductive+responses+to+delayed+mating&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BShaver%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conversion factor for correcting numbers of adult tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) captured with a sweep net in cotton AN - 16232058; 4224261 AB - Adult tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were sampled with a sweep net and an absolute visual sampling method during the first five weeks of fruit production in cotton at Stoneville, Mississippi during 1993 and 1994. The absolute visual sampling method captured significantly higher mean numbers of adults than were found with sweep net sampling in all sample weeks of both years. A significant regression of mean numbers of adults from absolute visual samples on mean numbers of adults in sweep net samples was obtained. This regression showed that sweep net samples underestimated numbers of adults by a correction factor of three. This is the only correction factor currently available for converting numbers of adult tarnished plant bugs captured in the sweep net to the more accurate numbers captured with an absolute sampling method. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Snodgrass, G L AU - Scott, W P AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Manage. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 189 EP - 194 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Hemiptera KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Leaf bugs KW - Plant bugs KW - Sampling KW - Tarnished plant bug KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=A+conversion+factor+for+correcting+numbers+of+adult+tarnished+plant+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+captured+with+a+sweep+net+in+cotton&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+G+L%3BScott%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterophil response to intraperitoneal challenge with invasion-deficient Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella-immune lymphokines AN - 16229791; 4222929 AB - The present work compared the accumulation of intraperitoneal heterophils in day-of-hatch chicks following treatment with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (ILK) and challenge with various strains of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Day-of-hatch chicks received ILK by intraperitoneal injection and were challenged 1 hr later by intraperitoneal inoculation with one of the following SE strains: a wild-type, SE 890034-3: a Delta cya-12 Delta crp-11 avirulent vaccine strain, chi 4357; and an invasion-deficient strain, InvA::kan, chi 4420. Four hours after challenge heterophils were recovered from the peritoneal cavity by lavage. The concentration of heterophils in the recovered lavage fluid was determined. Heterophil concentrations increased in response to challenge with each SE strain but there was a lower response to the invasion-deficient strain. The difference was statistically significant. This diminished heterophil response to challenge with invasion-deficient salmonellae supports existing evidence that the initial defensive reaction occurs at the earliest stages of the Salmonella-host interaction. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 438 EP - 441 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - cytokines KW - immune response KW - lymphokines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Heterophil+response+to+intraperitoneal+challenge+with+invasion-deficient+Salmonella+enteritidis+and+Salmonella-immune+lymphokines&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with a description of a bioassay method AN - 16227564; 4224002 AB - We examined the infectivity of 30 isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith originating from various insect hosts [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring principally, and some species of Lepidoptera] from the southern United States, Europe, Pakistan, Nepal, and India against B. argentifolii under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were conducted on leaf disks of ornamental sweetpotato that were infested with 2nd instars of B. argentifolii and transferred to petri dishes containing sterile KNOP medium. Using a Potter tower, insects were treated with 3.8 x 10 super(4) conidia per square centimeter of each of the 30 fungal isolates. Four replicate tests, each undertaken on a separate date, were conducted for each isolate. A 2nd series of bioassays was conducted on 5 selected isolates using 5 dosages ranging from 38 to 3.8 x 10 super(5) conidia per square centimeter. In all bioassays, after 24 h at 100% RH and 24 degree C, the dishes were ventilated and maintained at 60% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. After 10 d, mortality and nymphal instar at time of death were recorded. Of the 30 isolates, only 1 produced total mortality (i.e., occurring in all instars combined) that was not significantly different from the controls. For the 29 isolates causing highly significant mortality, total mortality ranged from 68 to 94% with no significant difference between isolates. LD sub(50)s of the selected isolates varied from 619 to 1,269 conidia per square centimeter, without significant intraspecific difference. Nymphs that were exposed to conidia in the 2nd instar died principally during the 4th instar. There was a significant difference between isolates depending on the nymphal instar at time of death in nymphs killed by P. fumosoroseus. The laboratory results are promising and confirmed the potential of P. fumosoroseus as a microbial control agent against B. argentifolii. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vidal, C AU - Lacey, LA AU - Fargues, J AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 765 EP - 772 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - bioassays KW - biological control KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - pathogenicity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+against+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+with+a+description+of+a+bioassay+method&rft.au=Vidal%2C+C%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BFargues%2C+J&rft.aulast=Vidal&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of tillage and rainfall on atrazine leaching under field and laboratory conditions AN - 16226303; 4222020 AB - Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate effects of tillage reversal and rainfall on super(14)C-atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) leaching patterns. Twelve intact soil cores (16 cm dia x 20 cm deep) were collected from 8-yr no-till (NT) fields. Half the cores were tilled (5 cm deep) prior to super(14)C-atrazine treatment (2.7 mg core super(-1)) to all cores. All cores received two rains (27 mm rain in 1.5 h, one day after application followed, two days later, by a 17 mm rain in 2.5 h) and leachate was collected and analyzed for atrazine. These rains simulated the timing, amount and duration of natural rainfall events from a tillage reversal field study. During the first high intensity rainfall event, a pulse (2.1 mu g L super(-1)) of atrazine leached through tilled cores while leaching rate was linear and decreased (1.25 to 0.9 mu g L super(-1)) through un-tilled cores. Leaching rate was linear for both the tilled and un-tilled cores during the second rain. Less atrazine was left in the surface 5 cm of tilled soil than un-tilled after the two rains. Results confirmed field observations and suggested that when tillage is reversed on well structured soils, pesticide leaching may increase relative to un-tilled soil but these effects are probably confined to the first rain events after application only. JF - Chemosphere AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AD - Plant Physiologist and Soil Scientist, USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Environ. Chem. Lab., Bldg. 001, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 2715 EP - 2723 VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - conservation tillage KW - tillage KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16226303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+tillage+and+rainfall+on+atrazine+leaching+under+field+and+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Isensee%2C+A+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Isensee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longevity of microbial biocontrol agents in a planting mix amended with Glomus intraradices AN - 16220104; 4223058 AB - Commercial sources of the biological control agents Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces griseoviridis and experimental single isolates of Serratia plymuthica, a Pseudomonas fluorescens parent and its lacZY mutant were evaluated for their survival and compatibility with the mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, in a commercial planting mix. The control treatments were the unamended mix and mix amended with G. intraradices alone. All were applied to 128-cell Speedling styrofoam flats and planted with the tomato cultivar 'Sunny'. At four to five intervals during the growing period (6.5-8 weeks), each organism was quantified by dilution plating and G. intraradices infection (%) was determined at the end of each test. The number of Trichoderma isolates increased slightly within 2 weeks after application and then stabilized through the end of the test. Serratia and Streptomyces isolates declined throughout the test from about 7.75 log sub(10) colony-forming units (CFU) g super(-1) to numbers at the end (6.2 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1)) similar to the controls. Bacillus isolates declined about 1 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) in the first week but then stabilized. G. intraradices had no influence on numbers of these four genera. The Pseudomonas parent and its lacZY mutant declined about 1 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) during the test with the mutant yielding higher CFU for each sampling period. Propagules of both Pseudomonas isolates were greater when mixed with G. intraradices than when alone. In these experiments, Bacillus and Trichoderma were the best survivors in a mix for potential use as biocontrol agents for tomato transplants. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Nemec, S AD - USDA/ARS, 2199 S. Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 183 EP - 192 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - biological control KW - soil amendment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16220104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Longevity+of+microbial+biocontrol+agents+in+a+planting+mix+amended+with+Glomus+intraradices&rft.au=Nemec%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nemec&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating effects of fire on gaseous emissions and atmospheric carbon fluxes from coniferous forest landscapes AN - 16212177; 4275126 AB - Exclusion of fire from terrestrial ecosystems will result in major changes in landscape structure and composition that will, in turn, precipitate significant changes in gaseous emissions to the atmosphere. A mechanistic forest successional model, Fire-BGC (a Fire BioGeoChemical succession model) is used to investigate long-term trends in gas emissions (particulate matter, CH sub(4), CO, and CO sub(2)) under current, historical and future fire regimes and climates for a complex landscape in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Fire-BGC simulates long-term fire and stand dynamics on coniferous forest landscapes of the northern Rocky Mountains. Gaseous emissions generated under four scenarios are compared across 250 years of simulation for a pair of Glacier National Park watersheds (about 93,000 hectares). The scenarios are: 1) complete fire exclusion with current climate, 2) historical wildfire occurrence and current climate, 3) complete fire exclusion under a future climate, and 4) future fire occurrence and future climate. Model results indicate temperate and sub-boreal coniferous forest landscapes with fire tend to respire less carbon to the atmosphere even when carbon emissions from fire are included. Future climates will create productive landscapes with more frequent and more severe fires than the same landscapes experienced historically. Smoke emissions are nearly doubled under the modeled future climate and fire regime. Potential implications to the global carbon cycle and wildland fire management are discussed. JF - World Resource Review AU - Keane, R E AU - Hardy, C C AU - Ryan, K C AU - Finney, MA AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Intermountain Fire Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 177 EP - 205 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16212177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Simulating+effects+of+fire+on+gaseous+emissions+and+atmospheric+carbon+fluxes+from+coniferous+forest+landscapes&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BHardy%2C+C+C%3BRyan%2C+K+C%3BFinney%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutual exclusion by dolichoderine ants on a rich food source AN - 16119520; 4209117 AB - Some species of ants recruit rapidly to rich food sources and may exclude other species from that food source. These ant species interfere with other ant species by using chemical repellents or by physical means. We studied the ants on flowers and fruits of yucca in fifteen 0.5 ha plots on the Jornada Experimental Range, 26 km N of Las Cruces, NM. We identified and recorded the species of all ants on the fruits and flowers of each yucca within a plot. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Van Zee, JW AU - Whitford, W G AU - Smith, W E AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exp. Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 229 EP - 231 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ants KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, New Mexico KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - Yucca elata KW - species composition KW - interspecific relationships KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Mutual+exclusion+by+dolichoderine+ants+on+a+rich+food+source&rft.au=Van+Zee%2C+JW%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BSmith%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Van+Zee&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Yucca elata; USA, New Mexico; species composition; interspecific relationships; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut advance prediction for earth spillways AN - 16109460; 4208147 AB - New technology for predicting the performance of earth (soil and rock) spillways has been developed through the joint efforts of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This technology has been computer coded, and the resulting computational model incorporated into NRCS software. As a part of evaluating the potential for spillway breach, one component of this model predicts headcut advance within the spillway. This component utilizes an energy-based parameter to describe the erosive attack and a headcut erodibility index to describe the resistance of the geologic materials to that attack. Headcut advance threshold and rate parameters were calibrated using data from field spillways that had experienced extreme flow events. The model was validated using data from additional field spillways. Results of the validation suggest that the model should provide a useful tool for current use, but that additional data and model refinement are needed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Temple, D AU - Moore, J AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - headcut advance KW - ARS KW - NRCS KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - interagency cooperation KW - erosion KW - dams KW - computer models KW - floods KW - resistance KW - prediction KW - spillways KW - performance evaluation KW - calibrations KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Headcut+advance+prediction+for+earth+spillways&rft.au=Temple%2C+D%3BMoore%2C+J&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - performance evaluation; prediction; spillways; floods; erosion; dams; interagency cooperation; computer models; calibrations; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential requirements of two insect cell lines for growth in serum-free medium AN - 16106239; 4204907 AB - The development of a serum-free medium that supports the growth of cells from a Spodoptera frugiperda and a Lymantria dispar cell line is reported. A yeast hydrolysate provided the B-vitamin complex, and a combination of a meat hydrolysate and tryptose provided most of the free amino acids required for cell growth. Supplemental cystine and methionine were required to achieve maximum cell growth. The serum or serum replacements used in earlier formulations were replaced with commercial lipid preparations and increased levels of iron salts. Although the cell growth cycle had a somewhat extended lag phase and the population doubling time of the S. frugiperda cells was longer than on serum-containing medium, the saturation densities were much higher. Spodoptera cells grown in this medium replicated the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus well, producing 8.71 x 10 super(6) TCID sub(50) extracellular virus and 4.4 x 10 super(8) polyhedra/ml culture. The specific activity of the polyhedra was somewhat less than that of polyhedra produced in insects. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Vaughn, J L AU - Fan, F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 479 EP - 482 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Fall armyworm KW - serum-free media KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Autographa californica KW - media (culture) KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - cell lines KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Differential+requirements+of+two+insect+cell+lines+for+growth+in+serum-free+medium&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+J+L%3BFan%2C+F&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - media (culture); cell lines; Spodoptera frugiperda; Autographa californica; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid and sensitive detection of Xanthomonas fragariae by simple alkaline DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction AN - 16099575; 4203277 AB - Methods for DNA preparation from Xanthomonas fragariae in infected or artificially contaminated strawberry plants were compared in diagnostic assays using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bacterium was detected using PCR with primers specific to a region of its hrp gene. Sensitivity of detection was 1.25 x 10 super(3) CFU ml super(-1) using DNA from bacterial suspensions prepared by an alkali extraction method. This was 10-fold more sensitive than DNA extraction by boiling, and was equal to that in which DNA was prepared by a more involved cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) procedure. Sensitivity of detection from artificially contaminated strawberry tissues was 10-fold less than that from cell suspensions. The results indicated that a rapid and simple method of alkali DNA sample preparation is applicable for the sensitive and reliable detection of X. fragariae and possibly other plant pathogenic bacteria. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Zhang, S AU - Goodwin, PH AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 267 EP - 270 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - hrp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bioassays KW - alkalis KW - Fragaria ananassa KW - Xanthomonas fragariae KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Rapid+and+sensitive+detection+of+Xanthomonas+fragariae+by+simple+alkaline+DNA+extraction+and+the+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Zhang%2C+S%3BGoodwin%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas fragariae; Fragaria ananassa; polymerase chain reaction; bioassays; DNA; alkalis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic deposition, cation mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce AN - 16098467; 4203777 AB - Dendrochemical and biochemical markers link stress in apparently healthy red spruce frees (Picea rubens) to acidic deposition. Acidic deposition to spruce forests of the northeastern USA increased sharply during the 1960s. Previous reports related visible damage of trees at high elevations to root and soil processes. In this report, dendrochemical and foliar biochemical markers indicate perturbations in biological processes in healthy red spruce trees across the northeastern USA. Previous research on the dendrochemistry of red spruce stemwood indicated that under uniform environmental conditions, stemwood concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased with increasing radial distance from the pith. For nine forest locations, frequency analysis shows that 28 and 52% of samples of red spruce stemwood formed in the 1960s are enriched in Ca and Mg, respectively, relative to wood formed prior to and after the 1960s. This enrichment in trees throughout the northeastern USA may be interpretable as a signal of increased availability of essential cations in forest soils. Such a temporary increase in the availability of Ca and Mg could be caused by cation mobilization, a consequence of increased acidic deposition. During cation mobilization, essential Ca and Mg as well as potentially harmful Al become more available for interaction with binding sites in the soil and absorbing roots. As conditions which favor cation mobilization continue, Ca and Mg can be leached or displaced from the soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Shortle, W C AU - Smith, K T AU - Minocha, R AU - Lawrence, G B AU - David, M B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 871 EP - 876 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - biochemistry KW - USA, Northeast KW - acid rain KW - Picea rubens KW - aluminum KW - cations KW - trees KW - bioindicators KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Acidic+deposition%2C+cation+mobilization%2C+and+biochemical+indicators+of+stress+in+healthy+red+spruce&rft.au=Shortle%2C+W+C%3BSmith%2C+K+T%3BMinocha%2C+R%3BLawrence%2C+G+B%3BDavid%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Shortle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; USA, Northeast; trees; acid rain; bioindicators; biochemistry; calcium; magnesium; aluminum; cations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertebrate use of habitats created by installation of field-scale erosion control structures AN - 16098297; 4206741 AB - Installation of field-scale erosion control structures or drop pipes is a common method for controlling knickpoint gully erosion in fields adjacent to incised streams. These structures transfer runoff water from field level to stream level through a metal drain pipe. The shape of the gully side collection basin at the pipe inlet allows small terrestrial and wetland habitats to develop with associated shallow pools that may be permanently or seasonally flooded. This study evaluated vertebrate use of habitats created by the installation of drop pipes. Four different habitats were categorized based on water depth and surrounding vegetation. Category 1 habitat has the smallest temporary pool, least vegetative structure, and is a terrestrial habitat. Categories consecutively increase to Category 4 which has the deepest pool, most vegetative structure, and is a wetland habitat. Study sites were surveyed for the five major vertebrate classes. Mean species richness and percentage capture abundance for all vertebrate classes increased from Category 1 habitats to Category 3 or 4 habitats. In all drop pipe habitat categories, amphibians had the highest percent capture abundance, fish were second, birds were third, mammals were fourth, and reptiles had the lowest percent capture abundance. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smiley, PC Jr AU - Wigginton, J D AU - Knight, S S AU - Kallies, K W AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 199 EP - 207 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - vertebrates KW - habitat utilization KW - Vertebrata KW - habitats KW - gully erosion KW - agricultural runoff KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - pipes KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - USA, Mississippi KW - D 04666:Chordates - general KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Vertebrate+use+of+habitats+created+by+installation+of+field-scale+erosion+control+structures&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M%3BSmiley%2C+PC+Jr%3BWigginton%2C+J+D%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BKallies%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vertebrata; erosion control; habitats; gully erosion; runoff; pipes; agricultural runoff; USA, Mississippi; habitat utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species: Implications for phytoremediation AN - 16095043; 4113801 AB - The toxicity of Zn and Cu in three species from the genus Brassica was examined to determine if these plants showed sufficient tolerance and metal accumulation to be used to phytoremediate a site contaminated with these two heavy metals. Hydroponically grown 12-d-old plants of Brassica juncea, B. rapa, and B. napus were grown for an additional 14 d in the presence of either elevated Zn (6.5 mg/L), Cu (0.32 mg/L), or Zn + Cu to quantify the toxic effects of these metals on several different growth parameters. With few exceptions, both root and shoot dry weight for all three species decreased significantly in the presence of heavy metals. Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus, and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea, while Zn tended to decrease only lateral root diameter. Both metals reduced shoot Fe and Mn concentrations in all three Brassica spp. to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficiencies. These deficiencies, however, did not correlate with observed patterns of leaf chlorosis. Nonetheless, heavy metal-induced inhibition of Fe and Mn accumulation may have been a significant factor in reducing plant growth. In terms of heavy metal removal, the Brassica spp. were more effective at removing Zn from the nutrient solution than Cu. The extent of Zn and Cu removal was reduced in the presence of both metals, as compared to the single heavy metal treatments. The implications of these results for phytoremediation are discussed. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Kochian, LV AD - US Plant, Soil, and Nutr. Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 776 EP - 781 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - phytoremediation KW - phytotoxicity KW - plants KW - pollution clean-up KW - soil remediation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - Brassica rapa KW - copper KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - Brassica juncea KW - toxicity KW - Brassica napus KW - heavy metals KW - pollution control KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16095043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+zinc+and+copper+to+Brassica+species%3A+Implications+for+phytoremediation&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - zinc; toxicity; copper; heavy metals; bioaccumulation; pollution control; soil remediation; phytotoxicity; plants; pollution clean-up; Brassica juncea; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-harvest fungal colonization affects storage life of bing cherry fruit AN - 16079217; 4114109 AB - Treatment of sweet cherry (Prunus avium cv. Bing) trees with either two mildewcide cover sprays or multiple (18) applications of topical and systemic fungicides produced cherry fruit that were either highly colonized or relatively uncolonized by fungi, respectively. Fruit from the multiple application treatment had a storage life of up to 8 weeks (7 weeks at 1-4 degree C plus 1 week at simulated retail temperatures of 20-21 degree C), whereas the commercially-managed fruits (two mildewcides) were extensively colonized by fungi and extensively decayed when stored under the same conditions. Stringent post-harvest disinfection did not significantly reduce postharvest decay, and only slightly reduced isolation frequency of fungi. The data obtained in this study suggest that the degree of pre-harvest fungal colonization is a primary determinant of the percentage of post-harvest decay, and that pre-harvest colonization can potentially be addressed by pre- and post-harvest management practices. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Dugan, F M AU - Roberts, R G AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 225 EP - 230 VL - 145 IS - 5-6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - Prunus avium KW - preservation KW - storage KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pre-harvest+fungal+colonization+affects+storage+life+of+bing+cherry+fruit&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BRoberts%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus avium; storage; fruits; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiparasitism on the parasitization behavior and progeny development of Oriental fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16078092; 4110898 AB - Multiparasitism (the same fruit fly hosts are parasitized by different parasitoids) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis (Hendel), had differential effects on the progeny development of the egg parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) and the larval parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri). In addition, contact with previously parasitized hosts had varying effects on oviposition behavior of D. longicaudata and P. incisi. Progeny of each of the 3 species successfully developed in multiparasitized hosts. However, effect of multiparasitism was more costly to survival and emergence of D. longicaudata than to B. arisanus or P. incisi. Competition for the same hosts between D. longicaudata and P. incisi resulted in disproportionately large numbers of progeny by either species depending on which parasitoid the host larvae were exposed to first. Naive females of D. longicaudata and P. incisi oviposited in healthy and parasitized fruit fly larvae. However, oviposition by D. longicaudata was more restrained toward larval hosts that were parasitized initially by B. arisanus, P. incisi, or both. Our results provided a basis for better understanding of the consequences of multispecies releases of fruit fly parasitoids. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Bautista, R C AU - Harris, E J AD - Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 757 EP - 764 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - progeny KW - Fruit flies KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - development KW - parasitoids KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - parasitism KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiparasitism+on+the+parasitization+behavior+and+progeny+development+of+Oriental+fruit+fly+parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Bautista%2C+R+C%3BHarris%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Braconidae; Bactrocera dorsalis; parasitism; development; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of the larval root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in simulated flooding AN - 16076291; 4110927 AB - Larvae of the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus L. can cause substantial damage to sugarcane and citrus. To test the feasibility of managing Diaprepes populations by flooding canefields for extended periods of time larval mortalities recorded after submerging larvae under water in soil filled trays at temperatures from 18 to 27 degree C for up to 5 weeks. Mean mortality exceeded 90% by 3 weeks of submergence at 24 and 27 degree C and after 5 weeks at 21 degree C, but was only 46% after 5 weeks at 18 degree C. A model was derived by multiple regression analysis, describing the response of mortality to time and temperature. The model accounted for 84% of the variation in larval mortality. Levels of O sub(2) and pH were monitored in selected trays during the experiment; only pH correlated significantly with larval mortality but contributed only 20% of total variation. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Shapiro, J P AU - Hall, D G AU - Niedz, R P AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - larvae KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - Diaprepes abbreviatus KW - Curculionidae KW - mortality KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16076291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+the+larval+root+weevil+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+simulated+flooding&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+J+P%3BHall%2C+D+G%3BNiedz%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Diaprepes abbreviatus; mortality; flooding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage effects on soil erosion potential and soil quality of a former Conservation Reserve Program site AN - 16074078; 4108987 AB - This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage on soil erosion potential and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Research Program (CRP) site. Following tillage, the study area in Northern Mississippi was maintained in a fallow condition for nine months. Soil loss from simulated rainfall events was minimal on recently tilled plots and an adjoining, undisturbed CRP area. In contrast, soil loss from the former CRP site which had been tilled nine months previously was similar to values obtained before the CRP program when the area had been cropped for several years. Tillage and over-winter fallowing caused a degradation in soil quality resulting from the decomposition of biological nutrient reserves. The conservation and soil quality benefits derived from the CRP may rapidly decline once an area is tilled and then left fallow during the non-cropped period. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Doran, J W AD - USDA-ARS located at Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 184 EP - 188 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - soil quality KW - land management KW - simulated rainfall KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - degradation KW - nutrients KW - soil properties KW - runoff KW - USA, Mississippi KW - fallowing KW - soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16074078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Tillage+effects+on+soil+erosion+potential+and+soil+quality+of+a+former+Conservation+Reserve+Program+site&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BDoran%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; soil erosion; land management; soil conservation; simulated rainfall; fallowing; degradation; soil properties; nutrients; runoff; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative prey weight influences handling time and biomass extraction in Sinea confusa and Zelus renardii (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) AN - 16073963; 4110879 AB - The influence of relative predator-prey weight ratios in feeding behavior was investigated in females of 2 species of reduviids, Sinea confusa Caudell and Zelus renardii Kolenati. Using 10-140 mg moth larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) as prey (presented in 7 weight groups), we measured handling time and extracted biomass of prey over a wide range of predator-prey weight ratios (0.3-4.5:1). Handling time decreased exponentially and extracted biomass increased linearly as predator-prey weight ratios increased. At predator-prey ratios that were similar to 1:1, handling time was similar to 100 min for both species. Extracted biomass increased linearly with increases in prey weight, but these increases were not proportional to either increases in prey weights or handling times concomitant with increasing prey weights. Rate of consumption averaged similar to 110 mu g/min for both species. Relative consumption rate was significantly higher for S. confusa than it was for Z. renardii. We propose the concept of the major investor strategy for predators that can use extra-oral digestion to utilize relatively large prey. Major investors, as seen here, invest large amounts of time and materials in each large prey item, and they must, in turn, extract a substantial nutrient reward from each prey before abandoning it to attack a new prey. Therefore, with large prey, major investors would not conform to functional response kinetics. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cohen, A C AU - Tang, R AD - Western Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 559 EP - 565 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Assassin bugs KW - Zelus renardiie KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Reduviidae KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - body weight KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Sinea confusa KW - predation KW - Zelus renardii KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relative+prey+weight+influences+handling+time+and+biomass+extraction+in+Sinea+confusa+and+Zelus+renardii+%28Heteroptera%3A+Reduviidae%29&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C%3BTang%2C+R&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Zelus renardii; Reduviidae; Sinea confusa; predation; predator-prey interactions; body weight; feeding behavior ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ornaments in the Diptera AN - 16073869; 4110875 AB - Occasionally, flies bear sexually dimorphic structures (ornaments) that are used, or are presumed to be used, in courtships or in aggressive interactions with sexual rivals. These are reviewed, beginning with projections from the head, continuing through elaborations of the legs and finishing with gigantism of the genitalia. Several functions for ornaments are considered, including advertisement of genetic properties, subversion of female mate choice and "runaway" sexual selection. Neither the type of ornament nor the degree of elaboration necessarily indicates which of the above processes is responsible for a particular ornament. Resource distribution and the resulting possibilities for resource defense and mate choice explain the occurrence of ornaments in some species. The phyletic distribution of ornaments may reflect foraging behaviors and the type of substrates upon which courtships occur. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 142 EP - 164 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating behavior KW - sexual dimorphism KW - sexual selection KW - Diptera KW - courtship KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25523:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Ornaments+in+the+Diptera&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff, erosion, and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program site AN - 16073842; 4108898 AB - No-till and moldboard plow tillage systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop production than from adjoining, undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, but no significant differences in erosion rates were found between the undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage systems which maintain residue materials on the soil surface may be well suited for former CRP areas which are used as cropland. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilley, JE AU - Doran, J W AU - Karlen, D L AU - Kaspar, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 191 EP - 193 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - soil quality KW - runoff rates KW - simulated rainfall KW - land management KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - organic matter KW - USA, Iowa KW - soil properties KW - conservation KW - soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff%2C+erosion%2C+and+soil+quality+characteristics+of+a+former+Conservation+Reserve+Program+site&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BKaspar%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tillage; runoff rates; soil erosion; organic matter; simulated rainfall; conservation; land management; soil conservation; soil properties; USA, Iowa ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of the naturalist in entomology and a defense of "curiosities" AN - 16073617; 4110867 JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 119 EP - 120 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nature conservation KW - education KW - Y 25954:General KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04903:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+naturalist+in+entomology+and+a+defense+of+%22curiosities%22&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific variation in pear psylla (Psyllidae: Homoptera) nymphal survival and development on resistant and susceptible pear AN - 16070994; 4108123 AB - Five pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, isolates from geographically distinct regions of the United States were examined on 6 pear cultivars to determine the extent of intraspecific variation in certain biological parameters, and if host resistance-breaking isolates existed. Newborn nymphs from isolates originating from Michigan, New York, Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia were transferred onto susceptible 'Bartlett' and resistant 'Krupen Burnusus', NY10352, 'Obican Vodenac', 'Mednik', and 'Zelinka' pear. Adult body weights, nymphal survival, and the age structure of the psylla populations were recorded over a 29-d period on each cultivar. Survival and age structure were significantly influenced by cultivar. Lack of significant differences among psylla isolates, and in the strain-by-cultivar interaction suggested that there were no host-dependent differences in survival or development. All of the resistant cultivars, except Obican Vodenac, exhibited moderate to high levels of antibiosis. Obican Vodenac was previously considered resistant, but it was found to be as susceptible as Bartlett to the psylla isolates. The age structures of the psylla isolates were composed mainly of earlier instars on resistant cultivars, although some individuals developed normally to adulthood as if they were on a susceptible host. The vigorous and healthy condition of some adults that were reared from resistant cultivars implies that pear psylla may have the potential to adapt significantly to host resistance. A population age structure index was developed to characterize the degree of antibiosis in pear cultivars. The index significantly correlated with nymphal survival, indicating that these parameters are related. The formula for calculating population age structure index is presented in detail. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 552 EP - 558 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - nymphs KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Psyllidae KW - Pyrus communis KW - pest resistance KW - USA KW - survival KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+variation+in+pear+psylla+%28Psyllidae%3A+Homoptera%29+nymphal+survival+and+development+on+resistant+and+susceptible+pear&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; Pyrus communis; USA; survival; pest resistance; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of spider (Araneae) abundance during an outbreak of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 16070442; 4108150 AB - Spiders are acknowledged predators on all life stages of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, yet little is known about their communities in budworm infested forests. Systematic samples of arboreal spiders were taken from the mid-crowns of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii variety glauca (Beissner) Franco, and grand fir, Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley, for 3 consecutive years during a budworm outbreak. Densities over the 3-yr period averaged 5.6 spiders and 288.0 fourth-instar budworms per square meter of branch area. Spider densities were significantly higher on Douglas-fir (7.8/m super(2)) than on grand fir (4.6/m super(2)); however, species composition of spiders was similar on both tree species. Overall densities of spiders did not differ significantly over the 3 yr. All sampled spiders were classified by family, but because of large numbers of juveniles only 20% could be identified to species. Nonetheless, 13 families and at least 26 species were represented in the samples. Relative abundance of both families and species followed a typical logarithmic-series distribution in which a relatively few taxa accounted for most of the individuals sampled. Total number of spiders sampled was about evenly divided between web-spinning (47.3%) and hunting (52.7%) guilds; however, there were almost twice as many web-spinning species as hunting species. Species-diversity indices also were consistently higher each year for web-spinners than for hunters. The salticid species Pelegrina aeneola (=Metaphidippus aeneolus) (Curtis), a well-known predator of defoliating insects, was clearly dominant each year and accounted for almost half of all hunting spiders. The results offer a convenient marker for comparison with the relative structure of arboreal spider communities in other forest ecosystems. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Mason, R R AU - Jennings, D T AU - Paul, H G AU - Wickman, B E AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 507 EP - 518 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Araneae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Giant fir KW - Grand fir KW - Lowland white fir KW - Silver fir KW - White fir KW - Yellow fir KW - Leaf rollers KW - Leaf tyers KW - Blue douglas fir KW - Colorado douglas fir KW - Inland douglas fir KW - Rocky mountain douglas fir KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - pest outbreaks KW - Abies grandis KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca KW - Choristoneura occidentalis KW - Tortricidae KW - Salticidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+spider+%28Araneae%29+abundance+during+an+outbreak+of+western+spruce+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Mason%2C+R+R%3BJennings%2C+D+T%3BPaul%2C+H+G%3BWickman%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies grandis; Choristoneura occidentalis; Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca; Salticidae; Tortricidae; population density; pest outbreaks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Once-mated beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Effects of age at mating on fecundity, fertility, and longevity AN - 16067196; 4108148 AB - We studied the effects of age at mating on reproductive parameters for once-mated beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), moths in the laboratory. The age of moths at mating significantly influenced the transfer of spermatophores by virgin males and the receipt of spermatophores by virgin females. Female age at mating significantly affected fecundity, fertility, and longevity. Two days after emergence was the optimum mating age for females to achieve their maximum reproductive potential. However, females laying the greatest number of eggs lived the fewest number of days. Male age at mating significantly influenced the fecundity and fertility of their mate and their own longevity. Females mating with 2-d-old males laid the most eggs and had the highest fertility. Males mating on day 2 after emergence lived significantly fewer days than males that mated on day 1 or on days 10 or 11. To document the effects of an adult mortality factor on S. exigua reproductive potential, the age at which moths mate must be standardized. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 585 EP - 590 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Beet armyworm KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - mating behavior KW - fecundity KW - age KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - longevity KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Once-mated+beet+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Effects+of+age+at+mating+on+fecundity%2C+fertility%2C+and+longevity&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Spodoptera exigua; age; fecundity; longevity; mating behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiosis and antagonism of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Drechslera poae by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 in vitro and in planta AN - 16050954; 4099929 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf-5, which produces several antifungal metabolites, including the antibiotics pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was tested for its ability to inhibit Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (causal agent of dollar spot) and Drechslera poae (causal agent of 'melting-out') in vitro and in turfgrass; Tn5 mutants with altered antibiotic production also were tested. Inhibition in vitro differed with the medium used, but both fungi generally were inhibited by Pf-5. In most cases, a mutant deficient in pyoluteorin but not pyrrolnitrin or 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol was as inhibitory as Pf-5, whereas a pyrrolnitrin-deficient mutant was less inhibitory than Pf-5 in most fungus/medium combinations. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of culture extracts showed that bacterial genotype and nutrition have an interactive effect on antibiotic production, such that conditions causing an increase in one antibiotic may increase or decrease another. The purported deficiencies for the pyrrolnitrin- and pyoluteorin-deficient mutants were confirmed. In S. homoeocarpa-infested grass clippings incubated in a moist chamber, Pf-5 reduced mycelial growth, whereas the pyrrolnitrin-deficient mutant did not and the pyoluteorin-deficient mutant was intermediate. In greenhouse experiments, Pf-5 reduced dollar spot disease incidence in bentgrass and bluegrass when sprayed over inoculated turf. In grass clippings infested with D. poae and incubated in a moist chamber under favorable conditions for spore production, Pf-5 did not reduce significantly the number of spores produced compared with the non-treated control. However, Pf-5 reduced melting-out disease incidence and severity in bluegrass inoculated with spores of D. poae under greenhouse conditions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Rodriguez, F AU - Pfender, W F AD - USDA-ARS NFTSRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 614 EP - 621 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Drechslera poae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - disease resistance KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Sclerotinia homoeocarpa KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16050954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Antibiosis+and+antagonism+of+Sclerotinia+homoeocarpa+and+Drechslera+poae+by+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Pf-5+in+vitro+and+in+planta&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+F%3BPfender%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; biological control; disease resistance; plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial models of competition and gap dynamics in old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Thuja plicata forests AN - 16037896; 4089197 AB - Stem-mapped plots in old-growth forests of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) in northern Idaho, USA were analyzed using Ripley's K(d) function, nearest-neighbor function, and influence zone analyses. A conceptual model of old-growth forest development was formulated from the spatial pattern analyses, to guide the development of a mathematical model. In the conceptual model, cohorts of seedlings begin life established in clusters associated with canopy gaps created by the deaths of overstory trees. Then, as the trees within clusters increase in size, they begin to compete with their immediate neighbors. Density-dependent mortality thins the clusters and increases the distance between neighboring trees. Over time, this self-thinning behavior tends to drive stand spatial patterns from aggregation towards regular spacing as trees get larger or increase in competitive status. Preliminary results from a dynamic point process model are presented. The approach simulates the regeneration of seedlings in gaps and the dynamic spatial patterns resulting from competitive interactions between neighboring trees as a sequence of point processes. Main features of the model are stochastic assignment of gapmaker trees, a Poisson cluster process for regeneration establishment, and a progressive simple inhibition process for competition between neighboring trees. The model produces spatial patterns for regeneration and adult trees consistent with the conceptual model and with patterns observed in the field data. Refinements designed to improve model realism are discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Moeur, M AD - Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843 USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 175 EP - 186 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 94 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - Thuja plicata KW - gaps KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - old growth KW - competition KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+competition+and+gap+dynamics+in+old-growth+Tsuga+heterophylla%2FThuja+plicata+forests&rft.au=Moeur%2C+M&rft.aulast=Moeur&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Thuja plicata; models; competition; gaps; old growth; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of salinity on baldcypress seedlings: Physiological responses and their relation to salinity tolerance AN - 16032747; 4097197 AB - Growth and physiological responses of 15 open-pollinated families of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum var. distichum) subjected to flooding with saline water were evaluated in this study. Ten of the families were from coastal sites in Louisiana and Alabama, USA that have elevated levels of soil-water salinity. The other five families were from inland, freshwater sites in Louisiana. Seedlings from all families tolerated flooding with water of low (2 g l super(-1)) salinity. Differences in biomass among families became most apparent at the highest salinity levels (6 and 8 g l super(-1)). Overall, increasing salinity reduced leaf biomass more than root biomass, which in turn was reduced more than stem biomass. A subset of seedlings from the main greenhouse experiment was periodically placed indoors under artificial light, and measurements were made of gas exchange and leaf water potential. Also, tissue concentrations of Cl super(-), Na super(+), K super(+), and Ca super(2+) were determined at the end of the greenhouse experiment. Significant intraspecific variation was found for nearly all the physiological parameters evaluated, but only leaf concentrations of Na super(+) and Cl super(-) were correlated with an index of family-level differences in salt tolerance. JF - Wetlands AU - Allen, JA AU - Chambers, J L AU - Pezeshki AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Inst. Pacific Islands Forest., 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 310 EP - 320 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Taxodium distichum KW - ecophysiology KW - gas exchange KW - saline intrusion KW - saline water intrusion KW - salinity KW - salinity tolerance KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - seedlings KW - USA, Alabama KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Brackish KW - wetlands KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Effects+of+salinity+on+baldcypress+seedlings%3A+Physiological+responses+and+their+relation+to+salinity+tolerance&rft.au=Allen%2C+JA%3BChambers%2C+J+L%3BPezeshki&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecophysiology; biomass; wetlands; saline intrusion; salinity; salinity tolerance; seedlings; gas exchange; saline water intrusion; Taxodium distichum; USA, Alabama; USA, Louisiana; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamwater chemistry and nutrient budgets for forested watersheds in New England: variability and management implications AN - 16031394; 4089170 AB - Chemistry of precipitation and streamwater and resulting input-output budgets for nutrient ions were determined concurrently for three years on three upland, forested watersheds located within an 80 km radius in central New England. Chemistry of precipitation and inputs of nutrients via wet deposition were similar among the three watersheds and were generally typical of central New England. In contrast, chemistry and nutrient outputs in streamwater varied dramatically between watersheds, with chemistries ranging from acidic to alkaline. Comparisons with data reported for 159 other upland, forested watersheds in central New England show that our study watersheds span the regional range likely to be encountered in stream chemistry. The regional variability stems in part from past natural disturbances such as wildfire, and variations in source of soil parent material. An approach is presented for predicting the important influence of glacial till on stream chemistry, including acid-base relationships, aluminum content, and nutrient outputs. Knowledge of streamwater chemistry and controlling factors can serve as an index of how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will respond to forest management activities and atmospheric deposition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Bailey, S W AU - Buso, D C AU - Shanley, J B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 73 EP - 89 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 93 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - chemical limnology KW - chemical precipitation KW - chemistry of precipitation KW - forest management KW - forestry KW - glacial sediments KW - nutrient cycles KW - nutrients KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - rivers KW - geochemistry KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16031394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Streamwater+chemistry+and+nutrient+budgets+for+forested+watersheds+in+New+England%3A+variability+and+management+implications&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BBailey%2C+S+W%3BBuso%2C+D+C%3BShanley%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical precipitation; chemical limnology; watersheds; nutrient cycles; rivers; geochemistry; nutrients; streams; forestry; forest management; glacial sediments; chemistry of precipitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest floor evaporation in a dense Douglas fir stand AN - 16028287; 4092818 AB - Forest floor evaporation was measured with an accurate weighing lysimeter during 44 days in early spring and summer. The Penman-Monteith approach was used to model the evaporation rates as well as the temperature difference between forest floor surface and air at 1 m height. Values of resistance parameters were slightly different when the Penman-Monteith model was optimized for measured evaporation rates or for measured temperature differences. These discrepancies were partly due to field variability in forest floor water contents but also because our approach considered the forest floor to be isothermal. With the appropriate parameter sets, the model was able to predict measured hourly forest floor evaporation rates and surface temperature dynamics satisfactorily. We show that in the forest discussed in this paper the Penman-Monteith ventilation term dominates over the available energy term. As a result the evaporation flux is matched by an almost equal, sensible heat flux but in opposite direction. Forest floor water content dynamics have a strong control over the evaporation flux. Spatial variability in forest floor water contents cause the 44-day average forest floor evaporation to range from 0.19 mm d super(-1) in a dry part of the forest to 0.3 mm d super(-1) in a wet part with 0.23 mm d super(-1) as a site representative value. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schaap, M G AU - Bouten, W AD - US Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, 450 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 97 EP - 113 VL - 193 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1964, 0022-1964 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - fir trees KW - model studies KW - variability KW - resistance KW - evaporation rate KW - lysimeters KW - temperature KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Forest+floor+evaporation+in+a+dense+Douglas+fir+stand&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BBouten%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221964&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; fir trees; evaporation rate; forests; lysimeters; temperature; resistance; variability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and sediment losses resulting from winter feeding on pastures AN - 16027788; 4095532 AB - Grazing is an important land use in the humid, eastern U.S. When the grass is dormant, late fall through early spring, the land is most vulnerable to the pressures of livestock. Runoff and sediment losses from a small pastured watershed (WS) in eastern Ohio have been studied for 20 years. In Period 1, a beef cow herd grazed it rotationally during the growing season for 12 years and was fed hay in this WS during the dormant season (high animal density with feeding). During the next 3 years of this study (Period 2), there was summer rotational grazing only. There was no animal occupancy on this WS during the last 5 years (Period 3). Annual runoff was more than 10% of precipitation during Period 1 (120 mm) and less than 2% during Periods 2 and 3 (14 and 6 mm, respectively). The decrease in annual sediment loss was even greater with the change in management, yielding 2259, 146, and 9 kg/ha for the three respective periods. Over 60% of the soil loss during Period 1 occurred during the dormant season. In response to weather inputs, there was considerable seasonal and annual variation in runoff and soil loss within management periods. Low amounts of runoff and erosion from three adjacent watersheds with summer-only grazing supported the conclusion that the increased runoff and erosion during Period 1 resulted from the non-rotational, winter feeding on pastures. When the management was changed, the impacts of the previous treatment were not long lasting, changing within a year. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, WM AU - Van Keuren, RW AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., North Appalachian Exp. Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 194 EP - 197 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - pastures KW - sediment erosion KW - grazing KW - small watersheds KW - pasture KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - agricultural runoff KW - sediments KW - cattle KW - runoff KW - USA, Ohio KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16027788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+sediment+losses+resulting+from+winter+feeding+on+pastures&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+WM%3BVan+Keuren%2C+RW&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pastures; runoff; sediment erosion; grazing; small watersheds; cattle; sediments; erosion; watersheds; agricultural runoff; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-use efficiency of perennial ryegrass as affected by soil drainage and nitrogen fertilization on two floodplain soils AN - 16026866; 4092738 AB - Quantitative knowledge of the interactive effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) of grasses growing on floodplains in the northeastern United States is scant. Our objective was to quantify the effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency of perennial ryegrass. The study was conducted for two years on a floodplain in central Pennsylvania on two soils selected for soil drainage conditions. A tetraploid, forage-type, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cv. Bastion) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, 168 and 252 kg N ha super(-1) as ammonium nitrate. Overall, denitrification caused by poor soil drainage conditions during the spring growth period resulted in a 26 percent reduction in WUE. During the summer growth period, the reduction of WUE was 20 percent. These reductions in biomass yield resulted mostly from lost N fertilizer value due to denitrification. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Stout, W L AU - Schnabel, R R AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Manage. and Water Quality Unit, Univ. Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 207 EP - 211 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - grasses KW - riparian land KW - fertilization KW - quantitative analysis KW - denitrification KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - drainage KW - water use efficiency KW - flood plains KW - nitrogen KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16026866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Water-use+efficiency+of+perennial+ryegrass+as+affected+by+soil+drainage+and+nitrogen+fertilization+on+two+floodplain+soils&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water use efficiency; grasses; drainage; fertilization; nitrogen; quantitative analysis; flood plains; denitrification; riparian land; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of the recombinant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain BTX in in vitro rurnen incubations AN - 16020412; 4091024 AB - The survival of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain BTX under rumen-simulating conditions was studied. Strain BTX is a recombinant variant of strain 5482 engineered for the production of high levels of xylanase, an enzyme important in the degradation of hemicellulose. Strain BTX was not inhibited by compounds present in rumen fluid and it grew well in media containing rumen fluid (up to 75%) or high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (total concentration, 100 mmol l super(-1)). The ability of strain BTX to compete with other micro-organisms under rumen-like conditions was studied in in vitro incubations of rumen contents. These experiments employed a consecutive batch culture (CBC) system consisting of alfalfa suspended in a rumen fluid buffer inoculated with blended rumen contents and maintained by transfers (10%, v/v) at 48 h intervals. CBC cultures contained a diversity of microbial morphotypes and accumulated fermentation products in rumen-like proportions. When added alone, the numbers of BTX cells were maintained for only a few hours, and then declined precipitously until undetectable after 48 h. If CBC cultures were also supplemented with chondroitin sulphate (a mucopolysaccharide used by Bact. thetaiotaomicron), strain BTX grew and the pattern of its population generally followed that of the total population of ruminal bacteria in these cultures. When transferred into fresh CBC cultures containing chondroitin sulphate, BTX was again able to grow and increase in numbers, but to a diminished degree. Although BTX was able to survive and maintain itself in chondroitin sulphate supplemented cultures, this was at a very low level (10 super(5) ml super(-1)). The potential for manipulation of rumen function by inoculation with recombinant bacteria is discussed. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Rasmussen, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 743 EP - 750 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - recombinants KW - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron KW - rumen microorganisms KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+the+recombinant+Bacteroides+thetaiotaomicron+strain+BTX+in+in+vitro+rurnen+incubations&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BRasmussen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; rumen microorganisms; recombinants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of an outer membrane protein gene from Campylobacter jejuni AN - 16017016; 4090405 AB - An antigen in the outer membrane protein (OMP) fraction of Campylobacter jejuni was identified and characterized. Western blot analysis demonstrated antigenic differences in this protein between two congenic C. jejuni strains. Strain A74/C, which colonizes chickens, expressed the antigen at 34 kDa, while strain A74/O, which poorly colonizes chickens, expressed the antigen at 32 and 34 kDa. A genomic library was constructed in lambda gt11 with DNA from A74/O and screened with antibody raised against C. jejuni OMPs. A clone that possessed a 1.3-kb insert and expressed an immunoreactive protein fused to beta -galactosidase was isolated and purified. DNA sequence analysis revealed the insert contained one open reading frame 864 bases long. The deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated 56.3% similarity with Bacillus steorothermophilus glnH, a glutamine-binding protein, and 54.0% similarity with C. jejuni PEB1, a putative colonization adhesin. Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, and DNA sequence analyses of the congenic colonizing and noncolonizing strains of C. jejuni failed to distinguish the two strains and revealed only one copy of the gene. Post-translational modification may be an alternate explanation for the antigenic differences seen between the two strains. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Tarplay, A AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Poultry Microbiol. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 360 EP - 366 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence KW - hybridization analysis KW - ompH1 gene KW - OmpH1 protein KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - cloning KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+an+outer+membrane+protein+gene+from+Campylobacter+jejuni&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BTarplay%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; membrane proteins; cloning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing programs to monitor ecosystem health and effectiveness of management practices on lakes states national forests, USA AN - 16007974; 4080865 AB - Assessing accomplishment of management objectives related to ecosystem health requires monitoring key indicators, including ecological processes and components of biological diversity. For these purposes, a monitoring plan was developed on the Chequamegon National Forest. It was refined by use of public workshops and technical consultation, and later adjusted based on practicality and additional inventory needs. To date, monitoring has focused on plants and birds, including long-term baseline monitoring in both managed forest and more natural areas. Monitoring is done at both the national forest and the ranger district levels, a forest subunit, the latter usually focusing on specific projects rather than forest-wide ecosystem health concerns. Examples from the Laurentian ranger district of the Superior National Forest are provided. Future assessments will require qualitative, quantitative and spatial analyses of community, ecosystem, habitat and population trends and patterns, and management effects. An institutionalized program that focuses on key ecosystem components at various scales, and that involves concerned publics and many partners, will be necessary to provide feedback to refine forest management. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Vora, R S AD - USDA Forest Serv., 318 Forest. Rd., Aurora, MN 55705, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 289 EP - 302 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - USA KW - ecosystem management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Developing+programs+to+monitor+ecosystem+health+and+effectiveness+of+management+practices+on+lakes+states+national+forests%2C+USA&rft.au=Vora%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Vora&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; ecosystem management; environmental monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural erosion rates and their prediction in the Idaho batholith AN - 15983694; 4075828 AB - Natural rates of surface erosion on forested granitic soils in central Idaho were measured in 40 m super(2) bordered erosion plots over a period of four years. In addition, we measured a variety of site variables, soil properties, and summer rainstorm intensities in order to relate erosion rates to site attributes. Median winter erosion rates are approximately twice summer period rates, however mean summer rates are nearly twice winter rates because of infrequent high erosion caused by summer rainstorms. Regression equation models and regression tree models were constructed to explore relationships between erosion and factors that control erosion rates. Ground cover is the single factor that has the greatest influence on erosion rates during both summer and winter periods. Rainstorm intensity (erosivity index) strongly influences summer erosion rates, even on soils with high ground cover percentages. Few summer storms were of sufficient duration and intensity to cause rilling on the plots, and the data set was too small to elucidate differences in rill vs. interrill erosion. The regression tree models are relatively less biased than the regression equations developed, and explained 70 and 84 percent of the variability in summer and winter erosion rates, respectively. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clayton, J L AU - Megahan, W F AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 316 E. Myrtle St., Boise, ID 83702, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 689 EP - 704 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ground cover KW - geological erosion KW - USA, Idaho Batholith KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil genesis KW - soil properties KW - watershed management KW - erosion rates KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15983694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Natural+erosion+rates+and+their+prediction+in+the+Idaho+batholith&rft.au=Clayton%2C+J+L%3BMegahan%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion rates; soil properties; watershed management; soil genesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of microorganisms for biological control of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) of potato tubers AN - 15977603; 4072019 AB - Few management strategies exist for silver scurf, an important postharvest disease of potatoes. In this study, the microbiota of 47 agricultural soils and 7 tuber samples was screened for biological control agents of silver scurf. Soil or periderm samples were transferred to separate samples of gamma irradiation-sterilized field soil enriched with potato periderm. After incubation, the samples were assayed for biological suppressiveness to silver scurf using a whole-tuber/infested soil assay. Over 430 isolates of bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes were recovered from tubers and soil associated with the 12 most suppressive soil samples. Thirteen strains were selected for further study on three different strains of Helminthosporium solani, including one that was resistant to thiabendazole. Microbial strains that significantly inhibited H. solani (P less than or equal to 0.05) in at least one experiment were identified as Pseudomonas putida (PM1), Nocardia globerula (S244), and Xanthomonas campestris (P76). Colonization studies with rifampicin-resistant strains of putative biological control agents revealed that long-term colonization of the tuber surface was not necessary to reduce disease symptoms. Highly variable levels of conidiophore production prevented selection of the single most suppressive strain. Possible sources of variability in biological control are discussed, including physiological age of the tuber, tuber infection in the field, and uneven free moisture in the storage. JF - Plant Disease AU - Elson, M K AU - Schisler, DA AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res., USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 647 EP - 652 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - silver scurf disease KW - Nocardia globerula KW - thiabendazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biological control KW - Helminthosporium solani KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - resistance KW - post-harvest decay KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15977603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Selection+of+microorganisms+for+biological+control+of+silver+scurf+%28Helminthosporium+solani%29+of+potato+tubers&rft.au=Elson%2C+M+K%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Elson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helminthosporium solani; Pseudomonas putida; Xanthomonas campestris; Solanum tuberosum; biological control; post-harvest decay; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural uses of alkaline fluidized bed combustion ash: Case studies AN - 15970058; 4067256 AB - Successful programmes were developed by Ahlstrom Development Ash Corporation and Air Products and Chemicals for using fluidized bed combustion ash as a substitute for agricultural lime on daily farms in northern New York state and on fruit and nut crops in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The companies developed these programmes by utilizing the methodology developed through USDA-ARS research and working closely with agricultural consultants and regulatory agencies to ensure that the ash applications were both agronomically and environmentally sound. JF - Fuel AU - Stout, W L AU - Daily, M R AU - Nickeson, T L AU - Svendsen, R L AU - Thompson, G P AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 767 EP - 769 VL - 76 IS - 8 SN - 0016-2361, 0016-2361 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - alkaline wastes KW - land application KW - agriculture KW - waste reuse KW - combustion KW - ash KW - fluidized beds KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel&rft.atitle=Agricultural+uses+of+alkaline+fluidized+bed+combustion+ash%3A+Case+studies&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BDaily%2C+M+R%3BNickeson%2C+T+L%3BSvendsen%2C+R+L%3BThompson%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel&rft.issn=00162361&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluidized beds; combustion; ash; alkaline wastes; agriculture; land application; waste reuse ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The non-abundant nutrient (NAN) concept as a determinant of predator-prey fitness TT - Le concept de nutriment rare et son role dans l'adaptation proie-predateur AN - 1028020546; 16543002 AB - We applied the non-abundant nutrient concept (NAN), an off-shoot from the ecological concept known as Liebig's "law of the minimum" or the concept of "limiting factors", to explain why certain predators are well fitted while others are poorly fitted to their prey. The generalist predatorsGeocoris punctipes (Say) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) andChrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the specialist predator of whitefliesSerangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were compared, nutritionally, to determine their relative propensities for predation onEphestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) eggs, silverleaf whitefly nymphsBemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) andAphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Using two prey content parameters, biomass (measured as dry weight) and methionine (the least abundant protein amino acid in all three prey species), we made estimates of how many of the various kinds of prey would need to be consumed to satisfy each predator's growth requirements to reach the adult stage. From this information and observations regarding developmental periods, prey handling times, extraction efficiencies and conversion efficiencies, we developed a daily time budget for each predator feeding on each of the three types of prey. The number of prey and the time required to satisfy the methionine requirement were generally much greater than the numbers and time required for meeting biomass requirements. Of the three species of predators, onlyS. parcesetosum could survive and reproduce within a reasonable time budget with whiteflies as prey. Cotton aphids also appeared to be a marginal prey with respect to methionine content.Original Abstract: Pour expliquer pourquoi certains predateurs sont bien adaptes a leurs proies alors que d'autres ne le sont pas, nous avons applique le concept de nutriment rare, issu lui-meme du concept ecologique connu sous la denomination de > de Liebig ou du concept de >. Les predateurs generalistes,Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Heter.: Lygaeidae) etChrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neur.: Chrysopidae) et le predateur specifique d'aleurodesSerangium parcesetosum Sicard (Col.: Coccinellidae) ont ete compares sur le plan nutritionnel, pour determiner leur propension relative a consommer des oeufs d'Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lep.: Phycitidae), des larves deBemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) et d'Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom.: Aphididae). En utilisant deux parametres d'ingestion de la proie, la biomasse (mesuree en poids sec) et la methionine (acide amine le moins abondant dans les trois proies), nous avons fait des estimations sur le nombre de proies de chaque type necessaires pour satisfaire les besoins de developpement de chaque predateur pour atteindre le stade adulte. A partir de cette information et des observations concernant les durees de developpement, les temps de manipulation de la proie, les efficacites d'extraction et de conversion, nous avons etabli un budget-temps journalier pour chacun des predateurs se nourrissant de chacun des trois types de proies. Le nombre de proies et le temps necessaires pour satisfaire les besoins en methionine etaient generalement beaucoup plus grands que le nombre et le temps necessaires pour satisfaire les besoins en biomasse. Parmi les trois especes de predateurs, seuleS. parcesetosum pouvait survivre et se reproduire dans un budget temps raisonnable avec des aleurodes comme proies.A. gossypii est apparu quant a lui comme une proie marginale en raison de son contenu en methionine. JF - Entomophaga AU - Cohen, A C AU - Brummett, D L AD - USDA, ARS, WCRL 4135 E. Broadway Rd., 85040, Phoenix, AZ, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 85 EP - 91 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 42 IS - 1-2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Amino acids KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Prey KW - Z 05300:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028020546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=The+non-abundant+nutrient+%28NAN%29+concept+as+a+determinant+of+predator-prey+fitness&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+C%3BBrummett%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02769883 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-10 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prey; Aleyrodidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02769883 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of gene loci controlling pectate lyase production and soft-rot pathogenicity in Pseudomonas marginalis. AN - 79016636; 9165701 AB - Pseudomonas marginalis is an important postharvest pathogen capable of causing soft rot in a wide variety of harvested fruits and vegetables. Following transposon mutagenesis, we isolated two groups of P. marginalis CY091 mutants deficient in production of pectate lyase (Pel) and soft-rot pathogenicity in plants. The first group, designated Pel-, was caused by the insertion of Tn5 into a pel structural gene, and the second group, designated LemA-, was caused by the insertion of Tn5 into a regulatory locus corresponding to the lemA gene previously identified in other Gram-negative bacteria. The LemA- mutants also exhibited alteration in colony morphology and showed deficiency in production of protease (Prt). A cosmid clone pCIC carrying the P. marginalis lemA gene was isolated and characterized. pCIC was capable of restoring Pel production and soft-rot pathogenicity in LemA- mutants of P. marginalis and Pseudomonas viridiflava, indicating that the function of lemA gene in these two pseudomonads was similar and interchangeable. Using MudI-mediated mutagenesis, we isolated a third group of P. marginalis mutants deficient in production of Pel, Prt, and soft-rot pathogenicity. Mutants in this group (designated GacA-1) contained an insertion of MudI in a locus corresponding to the gacA gene of P. viridiflava. Like LemA- mutants, GacA- mutants also exhibited alteration in colony morphology and showed deficiency in production of Pel and Prt. However, GacA- mutants produced much lower levels of levan and fluorescent pyoverdine siderophore than the wild type and LemA- mutants. These results provide the first genetic evidence that P. marginalis produces a single alkaline Pel for maceration of plant tissue and demonstrate that production of Pel, Prt, levan, and pyoverdin by this bacterium is mediated by the two-component lemA/gacA gene system. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Liao, C H AU - McCallus, D E AU - Fett, W F AU - Kang, Y AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 425 EP - 431 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Fructans KW - GacA protein, Bacteria KW - Siderophores KW - Transcription Factors KW - lemA protein, bacterial KW - EC 2.7.3.- KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases KW - EC 4.2.2.- KW - pectate lyase KW - EC 4.2.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Food Microbiology KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Fructans -- biosynthesis KW - Siderophores -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Polysaccharide-Lyases -- biosynthesis KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79016636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+gene+loci+controlling+pectate+lyase+production+and+soft-rot+pathogenicity+in+Pseudomonas+marginalis.&rft.au=Liao%2C+C+H%3BMcCallus%2C+D+E%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BKang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a mycorrhizal fungus and/or rhizobium on growth and biomass partitioning of subterranean clover exposed to ozone AN - 755134540; 13633944 AB - The influence of soilborne symbionts such as rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi on plant response to ozone (O sub(3)) has not been well defined. Leguminous plants in the field are infected by both types of organisms, which influence plant nutrition and growth. We studied the effects of infection withRhizobium leguminosarum biovartrifolii and/orGigaspora margarita on response of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv Mt. Barker) to O sub(3). Exposures were conducted in greenhouse CSTR chambers using four O sub(3) concentrations [charcoal-filtered (CF), 50, 100, or 150 ppb; 6 h day super(-1), 5 day wk super(-1) for 12 weeks] as main plots (replicated). Four inoculum types were subplot treatments, i.e., inoculated with one, both, or neither microorganisms. At 2-wk intervals, plants were exposed to super(14)CO sub(2) and harvested 24 h later for determination of biomass and super(14)C content of shoots and roots. Ozone at 100 or 150 ppb suppressed clover growth during the experiment. Inoculation withG. margarita alone suppressed clover growth by the last two harvests, whereasR. leguminosarum alone enhanced growth during this time period. When both symbionts were present, the plants grew similarly to the noninoculated controls. Shoot/root ratios were increased by 100 or 150 ppb O sub(3) compared to that for CF-treated plants. Shoot/root ratios were greater for all inoculated plants compared to noninoculated controls. Under low O sub(3) stress (CF or 50 ppb), plants inoculated with bothR. leguminosarum andG. margarita transported a greater proportion of recent photosynthate ( super(14)C) to roots than did noninoculated plants; we attribute this to metabolic requirements of the microorganisms. At the highest level of O sub(3) stress (150 ppb), this did not occur, probably because little photosynthate was available and the shoots retained most of it for repair of injury. Statistically significant interactions occurred between O sub(3) and inoculum types for shoot and total biomass. When averaged across harvests, 50 ppb O sub(3) suppressed biomass in the plants inoculated withG. margarita alone. Apparently, the mycorrhizal fungus is such a significant C drain that even a small amount of O sub(3) stress suppresses plant growth under these conditions. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Miller, Joseph E AU - Shafer, Steven R AU - Schoeneberger, Michele M AU - Pursley, Walter A AU - Horton, Stephanie J AU - Davey, Charles B AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality Program, Department of Crop Science, Univ. of Nebraska, 68583, Lincoln, NE Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 233 EP - 248 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 96 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Statistical analysis KW - Roots KW - Trifolium subterraneum KW - Growth KW - plant growth KW - greenhouses KW - infection KW - shoots KW - Inoculum KW - Ozone concentration KW - plant nutrition KW - Ozone KW - Bacteria KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Symbionts KW - Fungi KW - Stress KW - Soil contamination KW - Biomass KW - Photosynthates KW - Soil pollution KW - Shoots KW - Rhizobium KW - Microorganisms KW - Ozone control KW - K 03490:Miscellaneous KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755134540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+mycorrhizal+fungus+and%2For+rhizobium+on+growth+and+biomass+partitioning+of+subterranean+clover+exposed+to+ozone&rft.au=Miller%2C+Joseph+E%3BShafer%2C+Steven+R%3BSchoeneberger%2C+Michele+M%3BPursley%2C+Walter+A%3BHorton%2C+Stephanie+J%3BDavey%2C+Charles+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02407207 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Symbionts; Inoculum; Microorganisms; Stress; Roots; Photosynthates; Biomass; Ozone; Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Statistical analysis; Ozone concentration; Ozone control; Injuries; Fungi; Soil contamination; Growth; plant growth; shoots; infection; greenhouses; plant nutrition; Bacteria; Trifolium subterraneum; Rhizobium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407207 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the soil resources of Africa in relation to productivity AN - 52720622; 1997-038456 AB - Africa, with a total land mass of about 30.7 million km (super 2) and a population exceeding 746 million persons, has generally lagged behind in agricultural development. Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa) is the poorest developing region, with 29 out of 34 countries being some of the poorest in the world. The purpose of this study is to develop a Soil Taxonomy map, based on the FAO Soil Map of the World, which together with other data, is used to make continent-level assessments of land productivity and sustainability. Prime land occupies about 9.6% of Africa and the lands with high potential occupy an area of about 6.7%. The medium- and low-potential lands, which together occupy 28.3% of the area have major constraints for low-input agriculture. Resource-poor farmers who live on these lands have high risks and, generally, the probability of agriculture failure is high to very high. The remaining about 55% of the land consists of deserts or other lands with major constraints even for low-input agriculture. The desert margins have nomadic grazing which with increasing animal population is stressing the environment. A soil quality analysis and an evaluation of sustainable production, based only on biophysical considerations, suggest the need for major investments to enhance the productivity of the soil resources of this continent. JF - Geoderma AU - Eswaran, Hari AU - Almaraz, Russell AU - van den Berg, Evert AU - Reich, Paul Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - imagery KW - natural resources KW - Africa KW - mapping KW - land use KW - color imagery KW - productivity KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52720622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+soil+resources+of+Africa+in+relation+to+productivity&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+Hari%3BAlmaraz%2C+Russell%3Bvan+den+Berg%2C+Evert%3BReich%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=Hari&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; color imagery; imagery; land use; mapping; natural resources; productivity; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of estolides from monounsaturated fatty acids AN - 21262791; 11725312 AB - Mono- and polyestolides, made from oleic acid, meadowfoam oil fatty acids and erucic acid, were subjected to biodegradation with mixed cultures of Penicillium verucosum, Mucor racemosus, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Fermentations were continued for 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 d. Meadowfoam oil and its fatty acids, oleic acid and soybean oil were also biodegraded under the same conditions. After 10 d, oleic acid and soybean oil were degraded 99.8 and 99.2%, respectively; meadowfoam oil and its fatty acids were degraded 89.0 and 97.7%, respectively. After 30 d, oleic acid-derived poly- and monoestolides were degraded 98.6 and 90.0%, respectively, meadowfoam estolides were degraded 75.7%, and erucic acid estolides were degraded 84.0%. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Erhan, Selim M AU - Kleiman, Robert AD - New Crops Research, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 605 EP - 607 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 74 IS - 5 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Biodegradation KW - Penicillium KW - Mixed culture KW - Fermentation KW - Mucor racemosus KW - Fatty acids KW - Enterobacter aerogenes KW - Oleic acid KW - Soybeans KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+estolides+from+monounsaturated+fatty+acids&rft.au=Erhan%2C+Selim+M%3BKleiman%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Erhan&rft.aufirst=Selim&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-997-0189-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Biodegradation; Mixed culture; Fermentation; Fatty acids; Oleic acid; Soybeans; Penicillium; Mucor racemosus; Enterobacter aerogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0189-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expanded models for the non-thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 1855073228; PQ0003957804 AB - Previously developed four-variable response surface models for describing the effects of temperature, pH/lactic acid, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite on the time to achieve a 4-log, non-thermal inactivation (t sub(4D)) of Listeria monocytogenes in aerobic, acidic environments were expanded to five-variable models that distinguish the effects of pH and acidulant concentration. A total of 18 new variable combinations were evaluated and the inactivation kinetics data appended onto a consolidation of two data sets from earlier studies. The consolidated data set, which included 315 inactivation curves representing 209 unique combinations of the five variables, was analysed by response surface analysis. The quadratic model without backward elimination regression was selected for further evaluation. Three additional quadratic models were generated using the concentrations of undissociated lactic and/or nitrous acids as variables in place of percentage lactic acid and sodium nitrite concentration. Comparison of predicted t sub(4D) values against literature values for various food systems indicated that the models provide reasonable initial estimates of the inactivation of L. monocytogenes. The models based on the concentration of undissociated lactic and nitrous acids support the hypothesis that antimicrobial activity is associated with this form of the compounds. Evaluation of several examples suggests that these models may be useful for predicting the equivalent of the compounds''minimal inhibitory concentrations'for accelerating inactivation under various conditions. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Golden, M H AU - Phillips, J G AD - USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Centre, Wyndmoor, PA, Food Safety Research Unit. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 567 EP - 577 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., 1105 N Market St Wilmington DE 19801 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Data processing KW - Food KW - Sodium nitrite KW - Models KW - nitrous acid KW - Kinetics KW - Lactic acid KW - Regression analysis KW - pH effects KW - Sodium chloride KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855073228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expanded+models+for+the+non-thermal+inactivation+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BGolden%2C+M+H%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2672.1997.tb03587.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; nitrous acid; Antimicrobial activity; Data processing; Food; Kinetics; Regression analysis; Lactic acid; Sodium nitrite; pH effects; Sodium chloride; Models; Listeria monocytogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03587.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Characterization of Forested Wetlands in the Carolinas and Virginia AN - 16554676; 4372652 AB - Recent forest inventories of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, included sampling for hydric vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Forest samples that met all 3 of these criteria were classified as forested wetland. This study characterizes wetland forests by extent, owner, age, forest type, physiography, volume, growth, and removals, and evaluates its contribution to the timber supply. Wetland stands comprise 8.1 million ac, or 17% of the forests in the 3 States. They are over 90% privately owned, they vary widely by type and physiography, and they contribute 21% of all removals. Classification of wetland area based simply on broad management class and physiography will result in inaccurate estimates. JF - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Brown, MJ AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC 28802, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 64 EP - 70 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0148-4419, 0148-4419 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, South Carolina KW - USA, Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Classification KW - Estimating KW - Forests KW - Wetlands KW - Sampling KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16554676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+Characterization+of+Forested+Wetlands+in+the+Carolinas+and+Virginia&rft.au=Brown%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=01484419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification; Spatial distribution; Estimating; Forests; Wetlands; Sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and environmental parameters for ovulation rate, twinning rate, and weight traits in a cattle population selected for twinning AN - 16539315; 4409946 AB - A project was implemented in 1981 with the objective of increasing twinning rate in cattle. Daughters of foundation sires had twin calves at a frequency of from 8 to 13%, and foundation females had twin calves at an average frequency of 50%. Data were analyzed on twinning rate, ovulation rate, and weight traits. The h super(2) of ovulation rate increased from .11 to .38 for a single estrous cycle to the mean of eight estrous cycles. From all data, h super(2) for single observation of ovulation rate and twinning rate were .10 and .09, respectively. The r sub(g) between them was .75. The h super(2) of weight traits ranged from .42 to .54 when weight traits were analyzed pair-wise with ovulation rate and with twinning rate. The r sub(g) between weight traits with ovulation rate ranged from .15 to .30 and with twinning rate ranged from .24 to .39. Phenotypic mean twinning rate increased from 1.07 to 1.29 calves per parturition for females born 1981 through 1993, and adjusted mean predicted breeding value (PBV) increased from 1.07 to 1.33 calves per parturition. Phenotypic mean ovulation rate for fall of 1984 through fall 1994 birth groups increased from 1.11 to 1.26 per estrous cycle, and adjusted mean PBV for ovulation rate increased from 1.11 to 1.29 per estrous cycle. Because of the high r sub(g) (i.e., .75) between ovulation rate and twinning rate, and because of a h super(2) of .35 for ovulation rate for the mean of six estrous cycles, repeated records of ovulation rate in puberal heifers is an effective indirect selection criterion for twinning rate. The positive r sub(g) between growth traits and ovulation and twinning rate suggest the need for some compromise when the selection goal is increased twinning rate with no increase in growth and size. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Gregory, KE AU - Bennett, G L AU - Van Vleck, LD AU - Echternkamp, SE AU - Cundiff, LV AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1213 EP - 1222 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - animal breeding KW - body weight KW - cattle KW - ovulation KW - twins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+environmental+parameters+for+ovulation+rate%2C+twinning+rate%2C+and+weight+traits+in+a+cattle+population+selected+for+twinning&rft.au=Gregory%2C+KE%3BBennett%2C+G+L%3BVan+Vleck%2C+LD%3BEchternkamp%2C+SE%3BCundiff%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of lettuce chlorosis virus naturally infecting sugar beets in California AN - 16307242; 4247432 AB - Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants showing interveinal yellowing and thickened leaves were collected from two fields in Imperial County, CA, for disease assessment in January 1996. Yellowing symptoms were wide-spread in these fields during the winter of 1995 to 1996. Initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum (ATCC) for beet western yellows virus were consistently negative. Inoculations with Bemisia tabaci "B" biotype (B. argentifolii) whiteflies onto the indicator plants Chenopodium capitatum, C. murale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and sugar beet resulted in interveinal yellowing, reddening, and thickened leaves characteristic of whitefly-transmitted closteroviruses (1). Western blot (immunoblot) analyses were performed with antisera to the purified virions of lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV) and lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV). Tissue extracts from original beet plants representing two fields and from all subsequent whitefly-inoculated indicator plants consistently showed a single band at ca. 32 kDa, reported to be the molecular mass for LCV capsid protein. Corresponding Western blot analyses for LIYV with the same tissue extracts were negative. No reactions were observed in Western blot assays with tissue extracts from healthy plants. Although sugar beet is a host for LCV as shown by laboratory experiments (1), this is the first report of a natural infection of LCV in sugar beet. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Duffus, JE AU - Gerik, J S AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 550 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - diagnostic agents KW - immunoassays KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16307242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+lettuce+chlorosis+virus+naturally+infecting+sugar+beets+in+California&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BGerik%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germplasm evaluation of Glycine max for resistance to Fusarium solani, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome AN - 16302472; 4247423 AB - Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is an important soybean disease that potentially can be controlled by host plant resistance. In this study, over 800 soybean plant introductions (PIs), lines, and cultivars were screened for resistance to Fusarium solani. Of 728 PIs from China, PI 567.374 had mean foliar SDS severities significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 (resistant check) in both growth-chamber and greenhouse tests. In addition, PIs 567.315, 567.441C, 567.650B, and 567.664 had mean SDS severity ratings significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 in a growth-chamber test. Of 16 soybean cyst nematode-resistant entries tested, 5 had values lower than the resistant check, PI 520.733, with cv. Hartwig significantly lower in the first trial. In trial two, no entries were lower than the resistant check, although cvs. Bell and Hartwig were not significantly different from PI 520.733. In another experiment, few soybean cultivars or experimental lines had SDS severity ratings lower than PI 520.733 in any one of three trials. Some of the newly acquired PIs from China that exhibited low foliar SDS severity ratings may provide the sources of resistance needed to develop new SDS-resistant soybean breeding lines and cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hartman, G L AU - Huang, Y H AU - Nelson, R L AU - Noel, G R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., and Dep. Crop Sci., 70 EASB, 1101 W. Peabody, Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 515 EP - 518 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - germplasm KW - infection KW - resistance KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Germplasm+evaluation+of+Glycine+max+for+resistance+to+Fusarium+solani%2C+the+causal+organism+of+sudden+death+syndrome&rft.au=Hartman%2C+G+L%3BHuang%2C+Y+H%3BNelson%2C+R+L%3BNoel%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractal dimensions for volume and surface of interaggregate pores -- scale effects AN - 16264504; 4273232 AB - Geometrical attributes of pore systems in soil have shown fractal scaling. Scaling in natural materials is inherently statistical, i.e., fractal dimensions may change with scale. While fractal dimensions characterizing pore surface roughness, D sub(s), or scaling of pore sizes, D sub(v), have been reported, seldom are both measurements made at more than one scale. We examine a scale effect on D sub(v) and D sub(s) values, and relationships between fractal dimensions of both properties. Natural and artificial types of soil structure were studied in a Normania soil. Natural soil structure was sampled from experiments involving: (1) three primary tillage tools, sampled immediately after tillage; and (2) three tillage systems, sampled after consolidation. Artificial soil structure was formed in columns packed with aggregate assemblies that included two single aggregate-size fractions, and two mixtures of six aggregate-size fractions (each covering two ranges) made to obtain fractal aggregate-size distributions. Block-like samples from all sources were resin-impregnated in situ and a face was cut and polished. Images of UV-illuminated faces were obtained at three magnifications and then pooled into two groups. A box-counting technique was applied to area and outline of pores to obtain D sub(v-box), and D sub(s-box), respectively; D sub(s) was also calculated from area-perimeter relations (D sub(s-AP)). Box-count data showed two segments: D sub(v-box), and D sub(s-box) were evaluated in relation to each segment and to D sub(s-AP). Coefficients of determination in the relation D sub(s-AP) vs D sub(s-box) were relatively low, indicating discrepancies between the two methods. Fractal dimensions were not scale-invariant. Values of D sub(s-box) for aggregate assemblies decreased with resolution, especially for single aggregate-size fractions. Values of D sub(v-box) were more influenced by aggregate size than resolution. Both D sub(s-box) and D sub(v-box) varied with resolution for freshly tilled soil. For somewhat consolidated soil, variations in values of both fractal dimensions were related to tillage systems. Values of D sub(s-box) and D sub(v-box) were highly correlated, with linear relations depending on magnification and type of soil structure. JF - Geoderma AU - Gimenez, D AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Nater, E A AU - Huggins AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrology Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 19 EP - 38 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16264504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Fractal+dimensions+for+volume+and+surface+of+interaggregate+pores+--+scale+effects&rft.au=Gimenez%2C+D%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BNater%2C+E+A%3BHuggins&rft.aulast=Gimenez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mexican fruit fly attractants: Effects of 1-pyrroline and other amines on attractiveness of a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine AN - 16259116; 4239448 AB - Several amines were tested alone and in combination with AMPu, an attractant mixture containing ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine hydrochloride, and putrescine, for attractiveness to Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens Loew). In laboratory bioassay, 1-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, spermidine, spermine, and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly more attractive than solvent controls. In orchard tests, traps baited with combinations of AMPu with dimethylamine hydrochloride, ethylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, or pyrrolidine captured fewer flies than traps baited with AMPu alone. Traps containing AMPu plus additional ammonium bicarbonate were much less attractive than AMPu alone. Combinations of AMPu with 1-pyrroline were about 50% more attractive than AMPu alone to both males and females. Combinations of AMPu with 3-pyrroline were not significantly more attractive than AMPu alone. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Demilo, AB AU - Voaden, D J AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1263 EP - 1280 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 1-pyrroline KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - amines KW - ammonia KW - attractants KW - methylamine KW - putrescine KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16259116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Mexican+fruit+fly+attractants%3A+Effects+of+1-pyrroline+and+other+amines+on+attractiveness+of+a+mixture+of+ammonia%2C+methylamine%2C+and+putrescine&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BDemilo%2C+AB%3BVoaden%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased attraction of Anastrepha ludens to combinations of two types of synthetic lures in a citrus orchard AN - 16258698; 4239449 AB - Combinations of the previously developed attractants CEHO from host fruit aroma and AMPu from volatile metabolites of amino acids were evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens, in a citrus orchard. In one experiment, McPhail traps with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lures loaded with CEHO (10:1:1:50 mixture of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate) were more attractive than blank traps. McPhail traps with AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO traps. Traps containing both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps containing AMPu alone. In another experiment, sticky yellow panels and spheres were used to compare attractiveness of the same two attractants in different formulations. Sticky traps baited with membrane formulations of CEHO (10:1:1:10 mixture of the chemicals listed above) were not significantly attractive. Sticky traps with polypropylene tubes containing an agar formulation of AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO baited traps. As in the first experiment, traps with both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps with AMPu alone. Results indicate that attractive host-odor volatiles and attractive amino-acid metabolites interact negatively with regard to attractiveness to the Mexican fruit fly. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Heath, R R AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Res., ARS, USDA, 2301 South International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1253 EP - 1262 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - attraction KW - lures KW - orchards KW - traps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16258698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Decreased+attraction+of+Anastrepha+ludens+to+combinations+of+two+types+of+synthetic+lures+in+a+citrus+orchard&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of host- and plant-related volatiles AN - 16254566; 4226716 AB - The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis. To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae (Spodoptera exigua Huebner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Roese, USR AU - Alborn, H T AU - Makranczy, G AU - Lewis, W J AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604-2565, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 313 EP - 330 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - host plants KW - host selection KW - parasitoids KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Host+recognition+by+the+specialist+endoparasitoid+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%3A+Role+of+host-+and+plant-related+volatiles&rft.au=Roese%2C+USR%3BAlborn%2C+H+T%3BMakranczy%2C+G%3BLewis%2C+W+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Roese&rft.aufirst=USR&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) on longleaf pine: Productivity and allocation as influence by nitrogen and water AN - 16116287; 4215439 AB - Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were exposed to two concentrations of atmospheric CO sub(2) (365 or 720 mu mol mol super(-1)) in combination with two N treatments (40 or 400 kg N ha super(-1) year super(-1)) and two irrigation treatments (target values of -0.5 or -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential) in open-top chambers from March 1993 through November 1994. Irrigation treatments were imposed after seedling establishment (i.e., 19 weeks after planting). Seedlings were harvested at 4, 8, 12, and 20 months. Elevated CO sub(2) increased biomass production only in the high-N treatment, and the relative growth enhancement was greater for the root system than for the shoot system. In water-stressed trees, elevated CO sub(2) increased root biomass only at the final harvest. Root:shoot ratios were usually increased by both the elevated CO sub(2) and low-N treatments. In the elevated CO sub(2) treatment, water-stressed trees had a higher root:shoot ratio than well-watered trees as a result of a drought-induced increase in the proportion of plant biomass in roots. Well-watered seedlings consistently grew larger than water-stressed seedlings only in the high-N treatment. We conclude that available soil N was the controlling resource for the growth response to elevated CO sub(2) in this study. Although some growth enhancement was observed in water-stressed trees in the elevated CO sub(2) treatment, this response was contingent on available soil N. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Rogers, H H AU - Amthor, J S AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Dynamics Lab., P.O. Box 3439, Auburn, AL 36831-3439, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 397 EP - 405 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Longleaf pine KW - Pinus palustris KW - toxicity testing KW - pollution effects KW - carbon dioxide KW - nitrogen KW - Pine Trees KW - Water Stress KW - Productivity KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - biomass KW - air pollution KW - irrigation KW - seedlings KW - phytotoxicity KW - trees KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+on+longleaf+pine%3A+Productivity+and+allocation+as+influence+by+nitrogen+and+water&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BAmthor%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; carbon dioxide; seedlings; phytotoxicity; irrigation; biomass; trees; nitrogen; air pollution; Pine Trees; Water Stress; Productivity; toxicity testing; pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of airflow on ion distribution for potential dust reduction applications AN - 16116252; 4221648 AB - High levels of airborne dust and microorganisms are continuing health concerns for animals and workers in enclosed animal housing. One approach that has been used to reduce indoor dust and microorganisms involves generation of a space charge of negative air ions which will charge dust particles and cause them to be precipitated out quickly or attached to oppositely charged surfaces. In the present study, three types of negative air ion generators were tested at direct current voltages ranging from -8 kV to -15 kV and air velocities from 0 to 200 m/min to quantify their effects on ion density distribution. Ion distribution increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) and almost proportionally with power supply voltage and with air velocity. Compared to ambient ion density levels of about -5,000 ions/cm super(3), a common ceiling fan was able to extend negative ion density levels of 50,000 ions/cm super(3) out to 3 m from the Ceiling Ionizer and the Room Ionizer System, and the In-Duct Ionizer, which operated on compressed air, was able to extend these levels out to 5 m. Since plus or minus 50,000 ions/cm super(3) has been demonstrated to have a lethal effect on airborne bacteria and to be effective for reducing airborne dust, the ability of common air moving devices to distribute this level of ion density 3 to 5 m away from the ion generator suggests that these devices could easily be effectively used to reduce dust and airborne microorganisms in a variety of applications with the addition of appropriate blowers or air moving devices. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Mitchell, B W AD - Southeast Poultry Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5657, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - animal housing KW - airborne microorganisms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - dust KW - indoor environments KW - occupational exposure KW - electrostatic precipitators KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16116252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+airflow+on+ion+distribution+for+potential+dust+reduction+applications&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - indoor environments; occupational exposure; dust; electrostatic precipitators; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generic HACCP application in broiler slaughter and processing AN - 16106463; 4208292 AB - The Meat and Poultry Working Group of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria in Foods (NACMCF) has prepared a generic Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for the slaughter and processing of raw broiler chickens. This report includes a review of existing scientific information, a hazard analysis, and use of this information to develop a generic HACCP plan that focuses on the microbiological safety of raw broiler products. This generic plan provides general guidance material for manufacturers to use in developing plant-specific plans. A brief discussion of the role of regulatory agencies and industry in HACCP is also presented. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - McNamara, A M AD - Executive Secretariat, FSIS, Rm. 3175 South Bldg., Independence Ave. S.W., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 579 EP - 604 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - food contamination KW - poultry KW - Quality control KW - abattoirs KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Generic+HACCP+application+in+broiler+slaughter+and+processing&rft.au=McNamara%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; poultry; abattoirs; food contamination; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A halophytic crop for drainage water reuse systems AN - 16093860; 4200151 JF - Plant and Soil AU - Grieve, C M AU - Suarez, D L AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 277 EP - 283 VL - 192 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - agricultural water KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Impaired Water Use KW - Water Reuse KW - Salinity KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Drainage KW - Salt Tolerance KW - Irrigation Water KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16093860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Purslane+%28Portulaca+oleracea+L.%29%3A+A+halophytic+crop+for+drainage+water+reuse+systems&rft.au=Grieve%2C+C+M%3BSuarez%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drainage; Water Reuse; Salt Tolerance; Irrigation Water; Impaired Water Use; Salinity; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feces of feedlot cattle AN - 16089065; 4116781 AB - Fecal samples were collected from pens of cattle in a total of 100 feedlots in 13 states. Fecal samples were cultured for Escherichia coli O157. E. coli O157 isolates were probed for the genetic coding for verotoxin production. At the time of sample collection, data were collected on the type of cattle present in the pen, as well as the length of time these cattle were in the feedlot, ingredients for the current ration, and cattle health history since arriving in the feedlot. Factors associated with increased likelihood of a pen being positive (one or more samples probe-positive for E. coli O157) included feeding of barley (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75) and cattle being on feed less than 20 days (OR = 3.39). Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of a pen being positive included feeding soy meal (OR = 0.50), a cattle entry weight of at least 700 lb (ca. 317.5 kg) (OR = 0.54), and at least 85% of the cattle in the pen being beef-type heifers (OR = .33). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dargatz, DA AU - Wells, S J AU - Thomas, LA AU - Hancock, D D AU - Garber, L P AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Serv., Centers for Epidemiol. and Animal Health, 555 S. Howes, Ft. Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 466 EP - 470 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - risk factors KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - intestinal microflora KW - Escherichia coli KW - feces KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16089065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+presence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+feces+of+feedlot+cattle&rft.au=Dargatz%2C+DA%3BWells%2C+S+J%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BHancock%2C+D+D%3BGarber%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Dargatz&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; feces; intestinal microflora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic architecture and water relations of a flood-tolerant tropical tree, Annona glabra AN - 16087744; 4112608 AB - Hydraulic architecture parameters, water relation parameters and wood anatomy were studied in roots and shoots of the flood-tolerant tree Annona glabra L. on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Hydraulic conductivity, leaf specific conductivity, and Huber value were similar to the corresponding values for tree species living in non-flooded habitats. The vulnerability of stems to loss of hydraulic conductivity resulting from embolism was low (50% loss of conductivity at -3.3 MPa). The lowest leaf water potential measured in the field was about -1.0 MPa, indicating that A. glabra has a large margin of safety from embolism, which may provide protection against rare drought events, or may be an adaptation to brackish mangrove habitats. Low absolute conductivity of roots was compensated for by an increase in the number of roots. More than two-thirds of whole-plant resistance to water flow was located in the roots. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Zotz, G AU - Tyree, M T AU - Patino, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., 705 Spear St., Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 359 EP - 365 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Huber value KW - vulnerability curve KW - Panama, Barro Colorado Island KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - flooding KW - tropical regions KW - specific conductivity KW - water potentials KW - leaves KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+architecture+and+water+relations+of+a+flood-tolerant+tropical+tree%2C+Annona+glabra&rft.au=Zotz%2C+G%3BTyree%2C+M+T%3BPatino%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zotz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - permeability coefficient; tropical regions; specific conductivity; flooding; leaves; water potentials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved electroporation protocol and vectors for Streptococcus bovis AN - 16065302; 4106379 AB - An improved method for electroporation of the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis was developed. The organism was grown aerobically in hyperosmotic medium in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) glycine, and electroporation was carried out in a sucrose-glycerol solution with a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm, 200 Omega resistance and 25 mu F capacitance. Electroporation efficiencies of 0.5 to 2.0 x 10 super(5) transformants/ mu g DNA were achieved. Improved vectors for S. bovis were developed that include a multiple cloning site, and also a promoter region from the S. bovis intracellular amylase gene that may serve as an expression system for foreign genes. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Wyckoff, HA AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 269 EP - 272 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - expression vectors KW - electroporation KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16065302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Improved+electroporation+protocol+and+vectors+for+Streptococcus+bovis&rft.au=Wyckoff%2C+HA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Wyckoff&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - expression vectors; electroporation; Streptococcus bovis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of corn fibre sugars by an engineered xylose utilizing Saccharomyces yeast strain AN - 16064763; 4106388 AB - The ability of a recombinant Saccharomyces yeast strain to ferment the sugars glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose which are the predominant monosaccharides found in corn fibre hydrolysates has been examined. Saccharomyces strain 1400 (pLNH32) was genetically engineered to ferment xylose by expressing genes encoding a xylose reductase, a xylitol dehydrogenase and a xylulose kinase. The recombinant efficiently fermented xylose alone or in the presence of glucose. Xylose-grown cultures had very little difference in xylitol accumulation, with only 4 to 5 g/l accumulating, in aerobic, micro-aerated and anaerobic conditions. Highest production of ethanol with all sugars was achieved under anaerobic conditions. From a mixture of glucose (80 g/l) and xylose (40 g/l), this strain produced 52 g/l ethanol, equivalent to 85% of theoretical yield, in less than 24 h. Using a mixture of glucose (31 g/l), xylose (15.2 g/l), arabinose (10.5 g/l) and galactose (2 g/l), all of the sugars except arabinose were consumed in 24 h with an accumulation of 22 g ethanol/l, a 90% yield (excluding the arabinose in the calculation since it is not fermented). Approximately 98% theoretical yield, or 21 g ethanol/l, was achieved using an enzymatic hydrolysate of ammonia fibre exploded corn fibre containing an estimated 47.0 g mixed sugars/l. In all mixed sugar fermentations, less than 25% arabinose was consumed and converted into arabitol. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Dien, B S AU - Skory, C D AU - Chen, Z D AU - Hespell, R B AU - Ho, NWY AU - Dale, B E AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - sugars KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Saccharomyces KW - Zea mays KW - fermentation KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+corn+fibre+sugars+by+an+engineered+xylose+utilizing+Saccharomyces+yeast+strain&rft.au=Moniruzzaman%2C+M%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BSkory%2C+C+D%3BChen%2C+Z+D%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BHo%2C+NWY%3BDale%2C+B+E%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation; Saccharomyces; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing models of unthinned red pine plantation dynamics using a modified Bakuzis matrix of stand properties AN - 16064282; 4106315 AB - The comprehensive graphical matrix of even-aged stand property inter-dependence, first developed by E.V. Bakuzis, facilitates identification and understanding of the relationship among stand properties. Bakuzis' original matrix of eight stand properties, contained 64 cells, was symmetric, but only about 11 of the 64 relationships had shown enough regularity among species to have been named. In this paper I simplify the Bakuzis matrix by reordering the rows and columns to make a more compact, lower triangular arrangement of eight rules or law-like relationships. I then demonstrate matrix use by looking for structural flaws in two models of unthinned red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation dynamics in the Lake States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan) (STEMS and REDPINE), and one from Ontario (yield tables from Petawawa). Flaws were found in each source of projections. REDPINE violates the Sukachev effect, predicts trees will have larger diameters on poor sites than on good sites, and that site has a significant effect on the mean height-stem frequency relation. All bi-variate relations for the Petawawa data are identical, which violates several rules. The STEMS program does the poorest job of the three methods of predicting unthinned red pine plantation stand development, primarily because site index has very little effect on any of the stand variables. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Leary, R A AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 33 EP - 46 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Norway pine KW - Red pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - plantations KW - models KW - Canada, Ontario KW - USA KW - Pinus resinosa KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Testing+models+of+unthinned+red+pine+plantation+dynamics+using+a+modified+Bakuzis+matrix+of+stand+properties&rft.au=Leary%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; USA; Canada, Ontario; models; plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of air-drying methods for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 16064237; 4106385 AB - Various drying methods were tested to identify a standard procedure for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Since our work is focused on optimizing fermentation conditions for the production of P. fumosoroseus, the criteria for selecting a drying method included ease of use, moderate spore survival after drying and limited variation in spore survival. Three air-drying methods were tested: P. fumosoroseus blastospores mixed with silica gel, with sand, or with diatomaceous earth. Humidity controlled drying was used in the diatomaceous earth drying method. Blastospore survivals after drying were 19% (C.V. range, 32 to 45%), 82% (C.V. range, 26 to 43%), and 2% (C.V. range 32 to 50%) for the silica gel, sand, and diatomaceous earth methods, respectively. Blastospores dried using the silica gel and sand methods had been rinsed in 0.7 M polyethylene glycol before drying and rehydrated in the same solution for determination of survival. The variation observed within each method was similar. The silica gel drying method was selected as most appropriate for our studies based on moderate blastospore survival (19%) and ease of use. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Cliquet, S AU - Jackson, MA AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 299 EP - 303 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - blastospores KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - desiccation KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+air-drying+methods+for+evaluating+the+desiccation+tolerance+of+liquid+culture-produced+blastospores+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Cliquet%2C+S%3BJackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cliquet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - desiccation; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propagating uncertainty through spatial estimation processes for old-growth subalpine forests using sequential Gaussian simulation in GIS AN - 16063225; 4106321 AB - Based on data from 83 plot locations, the geostatistical Monte Carlo technique of sequential Gaussian simulation (s.G.s.) was used to generate 1000 independent spatially continuous representations of three variables. These were then used in a geographic information system analysis to create maps of relative uncertainty for estimated areas of potential old-growth forest conditions across a 121 hectare first-order subalpine watershed. First, identical selection criteria were applied to each of the 1000 three-layer input sets to determine areas that simultaneously satisfied three old-growth forest conditions for mean stem diameter, percent crown cover, and mean age of overstory stems. This created 1000 equally probable realizations of potential old growth for the study area. An uncertainty image for the potential old-growth forest areas was created by summing these realizations. Cells were selected from the image histogram that indicated the highest proportions of old-growth conditions. Spatially, these results followed those obtained from a similar analysis using kriging. s.G.s. is recommended as a generic spatial Monte Carlo technique that can be used to assess stochastic elements in complex integrated ecological predictions. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Mowrer, H T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Stn., 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - sub-alpine environments KW - geographic information systems KW - D 04150:High altitude environments KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Propagating+uncertainty+through+spatial+estimation+processes+for+old-growth+subalpine+forests+using+sequential+Gaussian+simulation+in+GIS&rft.au=Mowrer%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Mowrer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; geographic information systems; forests; sub-alpine environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) on fungicide-treated peanut seed in relationship to plant growth and yield AN - 16062828; 4106387 AB - Survival and viability of Bradyrhizobium inoculant on fungicide-treated peanut seed and the resulting effects on nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield were determined. Vitavax and Benomyl had the most and least lethal actions against Bradyrhizobium strains grown on YEM medium containing a fungicide, respectively, while Thiram and Captan effects were intermediate. Survival of Bradyrhizobium USDA 3384 and USDA 3456, as single strain peat inoculants, on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. var. Florunner) seeds treated with Benomyl or Vitavax at the rate of 3 g/kg seed was also examined. Both fungicides inhibited the growth and affected the survival of strain USDA 3384 on peanut seed. Vitavax killed the inoculant in 9 h. In contrast, USDA 3456 resisted both fungicides, and survived for up to 72 h. Nodule formation on greenhouse-grown plants inoculated with USDA 3384 was inhibited by all fungicides. Shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content significantly decreased as compared to controls. Fungicides, except Vitavax, had a slight effect on nodulation and plant growth when USDA 3456 was used as inoculant. The agronomic importance of fungicide-inoculant interaction was examined in field experiments conducted in Egypt in soil free of peanut-nodulating Bradyrhizobium, where seeds were treated with a combination of two fungicides and a single strain peat inoculant of either USDA 3384 or USDA 3456. All fungicides decreased nodulation, nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield, especially with USDA 3384 as inoculant. Fungicides inhibited viability and survival of Bradyrhizobium on peanut seeds which decreased nodule formation leading to reduced peanut seed yield. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hashem, F M AU - Saleh, SA AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Voll, M AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 335 EP - 340 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - fungicides KW - seeds KW - nitrogen fixation KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16062828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Bradyrhizobium+sp.+%28Arachis%29+on+fungicide-treated+peanut+seed+in+relationship+to+plant+growth+and+yield&rft.au=Hashem%2C+F+M%3BSaleh%2C+SA%3BVan+Berkum%2C+P%3BVoll%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hashem&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seeds; fungicides; nitrogen fixation; Arachis hypogaea; Bradyrhizobium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolated septic arthritis due to Streptococcus bovis AN - 16060165; 4099134 AB - Streptococcus bovis is commonly present in the rumen of ruminant animals and in the feces of 10%-16% of immunocompetent humans. In humans, S. bovis has been identified as a causative agent for endocarditis, bacteremia, and meningitis. Most notably, reports have associated S. bovis infection with colonic malignancy. Isolation of S. bovis from synovial fluid is a rare finding. We report, to our knowledge, the second documented case of septic arthritis due to S. bovis. Since the patient was a dairy farmer, both a ruminal origin of infection and colonic malignancy were investigated. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Grant, R J AU - Shang, W Y AU - Whitehead, T R AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1021 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - farms KW - arthritis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16060165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolated+septic+arthritis+due+to+Streptococcus+bovis&rft.au=Grant%2C+R+J%3BShang%2C+W+Y%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; arthritis; farms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applicability of the forest stand growth simulator PROGNAUS for the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif AN - 16059883; 4104960 AB - Our objective is to examine the applicability of the basal area increment model in the PROGNAUS forest stand growth simulator using independent permanent plot data. The simulator is designed to forecast the development of both pure even-aged and mixed-species uneven-aged stands in Austria using distance-independent individual tree methodology. The primary model is for the basal area increment (BAI), which is predicted from size (diameter, crown ratio), competition (basal area of larger trees, crown competition factor), and site descriptors. Because the model must be able to simulate the development of both uneven- and even-aged stands, site index and age are intentionally not used as predictors. Available for testing is an independent data set of 22 permanent plots in mixed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands in the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif, northeastern Austria. The validation plots were remeasured for three 5-year periods between 1977 and 1992. The prediction interval (95% confidence) for the basal area increment over the full 15-year period was 62-157%, with a mean of 99% of the observed increment. A plot-specific adjustment of the model's intercept using past increment did not improve predictions for Norway spruce, but did improve predictions for Scots pine. Thus, important site-specific variation not captured by the Scots pine model can nevertheless be accounted for by using increment calibration. A time trend towards increasing underestimation of the increment was detected in the later growth periods of the validation data. This trend agrees with a frequently reported increase in the site potential of central European stands, possibly caused by changing weather conditions, nitrogen deposition, and abandoning of litter raking. For future model development, as many growth periods as possible should be used to parameterize increment models, although even this cannot account for a long term change in the site potential. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Sterba, H AU - Monserud, R A AD - Intermountain Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1221 S. Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 23 EP - 34 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Scotch pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - models KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Austria KW - Picea abies KW - growth KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16059883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Applicability+of+the+forest+stand+growth+simulator+PROGNAUS+for+the+Austrian+part+of+the+Bohemian+Massif&rft.au=Sterba%2C+H%3BMonserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Sterba&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Models for forest stand dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; Austria; models; forests; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass and nutrient dynamics of decaying litter from Passiflora mollissima and selected native species in a Hawaiian montane rain forest AN - 16039878; 4085772 AB - The structure and functioning of Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha forests between 1200 and 1800 m elevation on the island of Hawaii are being threatened by Passiflora mollissima, an aggressive introduced liana from South America. This study was done to evaluate the short-term decomposition dynamics of Passiflora and selected native leaf and twig litter. The nutrient-rich, non-sclerophyllous Passiflora leaves completely disappeared in less than 5 mo. The estimated time for native leaf litter to lose 95% of initial dry weight ranged from 1.65 y for N-rich Acacia phyllodes to 6.67 y for Cibotium glaucum; for woody litter, the time ranged from 4.5 y for Acacia twigs to 23 y for Acacia bark. Except for Cibotium frond litter, decay rates were significantly correlated with initial lignin-ash ratios. Passiflora litter did not accelerate decomposition of Acacia and Metrosideros leaf litter. Passiflora, Acacia, and Metrosideros leaf litter showed net mineralization of N, P, Ca, K, and Mg during the study. Cibotium frond litter showed significant accumulation of N, Ca, and Mg; P levels stayed constant and K was rapidly lost. In general, twigs experienced a net loss of most nutrients, while bark experienced either no change or a significant net gain of nutrients. Nutrient cycling has increased in P. mollissima infested forests. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Scowcroft, P G AD - Inst. Pacific Islands Forest., USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 407 EP - 426 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient dynamics KW - decomposition KW - USA, Hawaii KW - litter KW - rain forests KW - Passiflora mollissima KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Mass+and+nutrient+dynamics+of+decaying+litter+from+Passiflora+mollissima+and+selected+native+species+in+a+Hawaiian+montane+rain+forest&rft.au=Scowcroft%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passiflora mollissima; USA, Hawaii; litter; rain forests; decomposition; nutrient dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei fed different sources of dietary lipid AN - 16032198; 4089552 AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various sources of dietary lipid on weight gain, feed conversion, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei. Seven semi-purified diets (35% protein and 3400 kcal of metabolizable energy kg-1) containing defatted, freeze-dried shrimp meal, 1.0% soybean lecithin and 0.5% cholesterol were supplemented with 6.5% of either stearic acid, coconut, safflower, corn, soybean, linseed or menhaden fish oils. Each diet was fed to shrimp (1.00 plus or minus 0.03 g average weight) in four replicate aquaria four times daily for 10 weeks. Weight gain, feed conversion and survival were best for shrimp fed the diet containing menhaden fish oil. Shrimp fed the linseed oil diet had the second highest weight gain, followed by shrimp on soybean oil, corn oil, stearic acid, coconut oil and safflower oil diets, respectively. Feed conversion values were a reflection of weight gain. Results of this study show that both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are dietary essential for juvenile Penaeus vannamei, although n-3 fatty acids promoted faster growth than n-6. However, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) had better growth-promoting effect than 18:3n-3, due probably to the limited ability of shrimp to bioconvert fatty acids to polyenoic forms of longer chain length. The fatty acid composition of the shrimp generally reflected that of the dietary lipids, especially for the diets containing unsaturated fatty acids. Shrimp fed stearic acid and coconut oil diets low in polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulated high levels of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AU - Ako, H AU - Brown, CL AU - Hahn, K AD - Tropical Aquaculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS-PWA, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 143 EP - 153 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 151 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - feeding experiments KW - Marine KW - animal nutrition KW - shrimp culture KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Growth+response+and+fatty+acid+composition+of+juvenile+Penaeus+vannamei+fed+different+sources+of+dietary+lipid&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BAko%2C+H%3BBrown%2C+CL%3BHahn%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeding experiments; animal nutrition; shrimp culture; polyunsaturated fatty acids; Marine ER - TY - CONF T1 - Factors related to diversity of decomposer fungi in tropical forests AN - 16029862; 4094943 AB - Recent studies suggest that host-preferences are common among certain groups of tropical fungal decomposers but rare in others, and sometimes occur where we least expect them. Host preferences among microfungi and ascomycetes that decompose leaf litter are common but usually involve differences in relative frequencies more than presence/absence, so their diversity may be loosely correlated with species richness of host trees. Strong host-specificity appears to be rare among wood decomposer fungi, whereas characteristics of their substrata and habitat are very important for this group. Anthropogenic disturbance predisposed a tropical forest to subsequent hurricane damage, and the resulting direct and indirect effects on host diversity and habitat heterogeneity were reflected in the decomposer fungal community more than sixty years after the original disturbance. While species richness of dictyostelid slime molds and functional diversity of their bacterial prey increased with disturbance, the more diverse microfungi and ascomycetes were apparently negatively affected by disturbance. JF - Biodiversity and Conservation AU - Lodge, D J Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 681 EP - 688 VL - 6 IS - 5 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - forests KW - fungi KW - decomposition KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Factors+related+to+diversity+of+decomposer+fungi+in+tropical+forests&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.issn=09603115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a virtual reality for plant-associated fungi in the United States and Canada AN - 16024923; 4092370 AB - At present knowledge of fungal biodiversity in North America is scattered in diverse sources ranging from well-reviewed, comprehensive databases to unedited databases of reports from the literature, information on file cards, and uncomputerized reference collections. Resources available electronically were used to determine their relative importance in evaluating the plant-associated fungi known from the United States and to a lesser extent Canada. The results demonstrate that the literature provides the greatest information but that reference collections in the US National Fungus Collections contribute between 22-31% additional data. Little overlap exists between fungi isolated as endophytes and those reported in the literature or as reference collections. Eighty to 100% of the plant-associated fungi reported from Canada are accounted for in comprehensive resources for the United States. A comprehensive database of plant-associated fungi in Canada, the United States, and eventually Mexico would serve as a valuable resource for those making plant quarantine decisions. JF - Biodiversity and Conservation AU - Rossman, A Y AU - Farr, D F Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 739 EP - 751 VL - 6 IS - 5 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - fungi KW - Canada KW - data bases KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16024923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Towards+a+virtual+reality+for+plant-associated+fungi+in+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.au=Rossman%2C+A+Y%3BFarr%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.issn=09603115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successional changes in plant species diversity and composition after clearcutting a southern Appalachian watershed AN - 16021637; 4089843 AB - Watershed 7, a southwest-facing watershed in the Coweeta Basin, western North Carolina, USA, was clearcut in 1977. Twenty-four permanent plots were inventoried in 1974 before cutting and in 1977, 1979, 1984, and 1993 after clearcutting. This study evaluates changes in species diversity during early succession after clearcutting and differences in overstory tree and ground flora response to disturbance by clearcutting and their interaction with previous disturbances and subsequent stand development. To quantify species diversity, we computed Shannon-Weaver's index of diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J'). Woody species diversity remained relatively stable; however, woody species richness increased in the cove-hardwoods and hardwood-pines, but remained relatively constant in the mixed-oak hardwoods. Although revegetation was rapid, forest composition has changed through succession. Opportunistic species, such as Liriodendron tulipifera, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Acer rubrum, increased in abundance, whereas Quercus velutina, Carya spp., and Q. rubra decreased. Ground flora diversity declined in the cove-hardwoods and mixed-oak hardwoods communities, but the decrease in the hardwood-pines was not significant. The abundance (g biomass m-2) of ground flora was much lower in 1993 than in 1984; 79% less in the cove-hardwoods, 90% less in the mixed-oak hardwoods, and 79% less in the hardwood-pines. Watershed 7 is apparently in a transition state between early and late successional species abundance. Early successional, shade-intolerant species, such as Erechtites, Solidago, Eupatorium, Panicum, and Aster, have declined, whereas late successional, shade-tolerant species, such as Viola, Galium, Sanguinaria, Uvularia, and Veratrum are not yet well established. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Elliott, K J AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AU - Haines, B R AD - USDA For. Serv., SRS, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 67 EP - 85 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - clear-cutting KW - ecological effects KW - clear cutting KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, North Carolina KW - watersheds KW - forestry KW - trees KW - species diversity KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16021637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Successional+changes+in+plant+species+diversity+and+composition+after+clearcutting+a+southern+Appalachian+watershed&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BHaines%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clear-cutting; watersheds; forestry; species diversity; ecological effects; trees; forests; USA, North Carolina; clear cutting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen fixation in root-colonized large woody residue of Oregon coastal forests AN - 16020867; 4089852 AB - Coarse woody residues are conspicuous features of the forest floor in coastal Oregon forests. They provide habitats for plants, animals, and a diversity of microorganisms. Live plants are partially or completely rooted in the woody residues. This study provides baseline information on nitrogenase activities (nitrogen fixation) and populations of nitrogen-fixating organisms in root-colonized and noncolonized woody residues on forest and clearcut sites. Coarse woody residue of decay classes IV-V were sampled at three sites of Douglas-fir stands having varying amounts of understory vegetation. Nitrogen-fixation activity in woody residues was detected on all three sites. The woody residues at lower elevation sites near the coast had the least nitrogen-fixing activity and nitrogen-fixing bacterial populations. Plant colonized and noncolonized woody residues had significantly higher nitrogenase activity than the adjacent soils, but the activity between the colonized and noncolonized woody residues did not differ significantly. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Crawford, R H AU - Li, CY AU - Floyd, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 229 EP - 234 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - disturbance KW - debris KW - nitrogenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - nitrogen fixation KW - fungi KW - soil microorganisms KW - bacteria KW - USA, Oregon KW - A 01044:General KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fixation+in+root-colonized+large+woody+residue+of+Oregon+coastal+forests&rft.au=Crawford%2C+R+H%3BLi%2C+CY%3BFloyd%2C+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; nitrogen fixation; forests; disturbance; bacteria; fungi; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat AN - 16017475; 4086442 AB - The dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat were studied during two crop cycles in a field site with a history of high virus incidence. Individual plants of two susceptible cultivars were sampled from autumn to spring and the presence of virus antigen in roots and leaves was determined by ELISA. Virus incidence was higher in cv. Frankenmuth than in cv. Augusta. During year one, incidence of viral antigen in roots remained very low for four months after sowing, and did not reach maximum levels until the following spring. During year two, incidence of viral antigen in roots rose to maximum levels in autumn, only three months after sowing. These results strongly suggested that root infection occurred in spring as well as in autumn. In both cultivars and in both years, we detected the virus in roots one month prior to its detection in leaves, suggesting that virus moves slowly from roots into leaves. Maximum incidence of virus in leaves occurred in spring of both years, coinciding with the period of symptom development. Typical symptoms (yellow streaks, spindles, and mosaic) were observed in year two, whereas only mild mosaic was observed in year one. Virus antigen was detected in nonsymptomatic leaves from two months after sowing through crop senescence. Because antigen could be detected in roots throughout the crop cycle, and zoosporangia and cystosori of the fungal vector could be detected one and two months, respectively, after sowing, it is possible that wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus is acquired and /or spread by the vector during the majority of the crop cycle. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Carroll, JE AU - Bergstrom, G C AU - Gray, S M AD - Dep. Plant Pathol., USDA-ARS, 334 Plant Sci. Bldg., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 313 EP - 321 VL - 103 IS - 4 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - roots KW - wheat spindle streak mosaic virus KW - antigenicity KW - symptoms KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Polymyxa graminis KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wheat+spindle+streak+mosaic+bymovirus+in+winter+wheat&rft.au=Carroll%2C+JE%3BBergstrom%2C+G+C%3BGray%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat spindle streak mosaic virus; Triticum aestivum; Polymyxa graminis; symptoms; antigenicity; roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks AN - 16010561; 4080887 AB - A novel dendroecological procedure was developed to elucidate canopy disturbances spanning a >300-yr period for oak (Quercus) forests of central Pennsylvania. Running comparisons of sequential 10-yr ring-width averages may effectively neutralize both short-term (i.e., drought) and long-term growth trends associated with climate while enhancing detection of abrupt and sustained radial-growth increases characteristic of canopy disturbance. Thinning-response studies revealed the conservative tendencies of overstory oak, with substantial basal area reductions (>1/3) required to attain moderate and consistently detectable growth increases. Based on empirical evidence, a minimum growth-response threshold of 25% was established to depict canopy disturbances. This is in contrast to the 50-100% sustained radial-growth release often used to detect disturbance using understory trees in closed forests. Our default threshold was adjusted higher as necessary for those trees highly correlated to climatic trends (as represented by the Palmer drought severity index). Canopy disturbances detected with this dendroecological approach were further substantiated using tree-recruitment data (age cohorting). By coupling these data sets, we estimated return intervals of standwide disturbance from 21 yr in presettlement times (prior to 1775) and during heavy Euro-American exploitation (1775-1900) to 31 yr in modern times (after 1900). Although disturbance periodicity remained stable between presettlement and early post-settlement (exploitation) eras, the mode of disturbance shifted from mainly natural (wind and fire) to anthropogenic forces (intense harvesting for charcoal production), based on the historical record. In the process, presettlement oak-pine (Pinus)-chestnut (Castanea) forests on ridges were rapidly converted to young coppice stands of oak and chestnut. The reduction of harvesting and fire events coupled with the eradication of chestnut by blight this century have allowed these coppice stands to mature into oak-dominated forests that exist today. This analytical technique for ascertaining disturbance histories holds much potential and should be considered for use with mature, overstory trees in other forest types with appropriate modifications. JF - Ecological Monographs AU - Nowacki, G J AU - Abrams, MD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Alaska Region, P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 225 EP - 249 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9615, 0012-9615 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - disturbance KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Quercus KW - growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Monographs&rft.atitle=Radial-growth+averaging+criteria+for+reconstructing+disturbance+histories+from+presettlement-origin+oaks&rft.au=Nowacki%2C+G+J%3BAbrams%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Nowacki&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Monographs&rft.issn=00129615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Pennsylvania; disturbance; growth; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the intestines of neonatal calves AN - 16006282; 4082999 AB - Cattle are an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains, foodborne pathogens that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. EHEC O157:H7 strains are not pathogenic in calves >3 weeks old. Our objective was to determine if EHEC O157:H7 strains are pathogenic in neonatal calves. Calves <36 h old inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 developed diarrhea and enterocolitis with attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in both the large and small intestines by 18 h postinoculation. The severity of diarrhea and inflammation, and also the frequency and extent of A/E lesions, increased by 3 days postinoculation. We conclude that EHEC O157:H7 strains are pathogenic in neonatal calves. The neonatal calf model is relevant for studying the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7 infections in cattle. It should also be useful for identifying ways to reduce EHEC O157:H7 infections in cattle and thus reduce the risk of EHEC O157:H7 disease in humans. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Moon, H W AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1842 EP - 1848 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - pathogenicity KW - Shiga toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - lesions KW - reservoirs KW - enterocolitis KW - neonates KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16006282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+the+intestines+of+neonatal+calves&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BBosworth%2C+B+T%3BCray%2C+WC+Jr%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1842&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; reservoirs; intestine; diarrhea; enterocolitis; lesions; neonates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin by Gibberella fujikuroi from rice from various geographic areas AN - 16004986; 4077750 AB - Gibberella fujikuroi strains isolated from rice in the United States, Asia, and other geographic areas were tested for sexual fertility with members of mating population D and for production of fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin in culture. Of the 59 field strains tested, 32 (54%) were able to cross with tester strains of mating population D, but only a few ascospores were produced in most of these crosses. Thirty-four strains produced more than 10 mu g of fumonisin B sub(1) per g, but only three strains produced more than 1000 mu g/g. Twenty-five strains produced more than 100 mu g of moniliformin per g, and 15 produced more than 1,000 mu g/g. Seven field strains produced both fumonisin B sub(1) and moniliformin, but none of these strains produced a high level of fumonisin B sub(1) (>1,000 mu g/g). However, a genetic cross between a strain that produced fumonisin B sub(1) but no moniliformin and a strain that produced moniliformin but no fumonisin B sub(1) yielded progeny that produced high levels of both toxins. Strains of G. fujikuroi isolated from rice infected with bakanae disease are similar to strains of mating population D isolated from maize in their ability to produce both fumonisins and moniliformin. This finding suggests a potential for contamination of rice with both fumonisins and moniliformin. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Nelson, P E AD - Mycotoxin Res., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1838 EP - 1842 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - moniliformin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA KW - Asia KW - Gibberella fujikuroi KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16004986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+and+moniliformin+by+Gibberella+fujikuroi+from+rice+from+various+geographic+areas&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella fujikuroi; USA; Asia; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of trichothecenes in liquid cultures of a Fusarium sporotrichioides mutant lacking a functional trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase AN - 16002206; 4077747 AB - A mutant strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 produced by disruption of Tri11, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, Was shown to be altered in its ability to biosynthesize T-2 toxin. This mutant strain produced four trichothecenes that were not observed in cultures of the parent strain. The compounds were identified as isotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermol, and 3,4,8-trihydroxytricothecene on the basis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. This is the first report of these 8-hydroxytrichothecenes as metabolites of F. sporotrichioides. The accumulation of isotrichodermin and the results of whole-cell feeding experiments with a Tri11 super(-) strain confirm that oxygenation of C-15 is blocked. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Hohn, T M AD - USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 185 N. Univ., Preoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1685 EP - 1688 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 8-hydroxytricothecenes KW - T-2 toxin KW - Tri11 gene KW - trichothecenes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16002206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+trichothecenes+in+liquid+cultures+of+a+Fusarium+sporotrichioides+mutant+lacking+a+functional+trichothecene+C-15+hydroxylase&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; Fusarium sporotrichioides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed treatment with a fungal or a bacterial antagonist for reducing corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium AN - 15982978; 4072134 AB - Bioassays were conducted under greenhouse conditions to test the efficacy of antagonists applied to corn (Zea mays) seed for protection against seed rot and seedling damping-off at 18 and 25 degree C in a field soil artificially infested with a combination of Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes and Fusarium graminearum. Biomass of Gliocladium virens isolates Gl-3 or Gl-21, Trichoderma viride isolate Tv-1, or peat-based slurry of Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B, Bc-T, or Bc-1 was coated individually onto corn seeds in one test, and Gl-3 or Bc-B at four inoculum levels was used in another test. Seed treatments with most of the biocontrol agents, as well as with the fungicide captan, significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased seedling stand, plant height and fresh weight, and decreased root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in pathogen-infested soil. Coating seeds with the biocontrol fungus G. virens isolate Gl-3 was the most effective treatment, resulting in greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) seedling stand, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) severity of root rot than those parameters from seeds treated with captan or other antagonists at both temperatures. The results from the seeds treated with Gl-3 were similar to those of untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In treatments with Bc-1, Bc-T, Bc-B, or Tv-1, incubation temperature affected plant emergence, root rot severity, plant height, and fresh weight (P less than or equal to 0.01). Conversely, in seeds coated with Gl-3 or Gl-21, these parameters were similar at both temperatures. The minimum number of propagules needed per corn seed to obtain plant emergence comparable to that from captan-treated seeds was between 10 super(4) and 10 super(5) CFU for Gl-3 and >10 super(8) for Bc-B. When propagules of Gl-3 were applied at a rate >10 super(6) CFU per seed, seedling emergence was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) than that from captan-treated seeds. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mao, W AU - Lewis, JA AU - Hebbar, P K AU - Lumsden, R D AD - Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 450 EP - 454 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Pythium arrhenomanes KW - captan KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - damping-off KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Zea mays KW - seed treatments KW - Gliocladium virens KW - seed rot KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Trichoderma viride KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - seedlings KW - A 01043:Seed treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15982978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seed+treatment+with+a+fungal+or+a+bacterial+antagonist+for+reducing+corn+damping-off+caused+by+species+of+Pythium+and+Fusarium&rft.au=Mao%2C+W%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BHebbar%2C+P+K%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Pythium ultimum; Fusarium graminearum; Gliocladium virens; Trichoderma viride; Burkholderia cepacia; seed treatments; seed rot; seedlings; damping-off ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abscisic acid-responsive protein, bovine serum albumin, and proline pretreatments improve recovery of in vitro currant shoot-tip meristems and callus cryopreserved by vitrification AN - 15971659; 4071104 AB - Improved recovery of vitrified currant (Ribes aureum Pursh and R. ciliatum Humb. & Bonpl.) meristems and callus was obtained following 2 h pretreatment in sucrose, proline, abscisic acid-responsive proteins (RABP), or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Two hours immersion in 0.4 M RIB-SM prior to vitrification greatly improved the regrowth of meristems compared to 0, 1, 3, and 4 h immersion. Two hours immersion of meristems in 5 and 10% proline dissolved in 0.4 M RIB-SM significantly improved regrowth following vitrification. Initial tests with extracts of crude RABP from wheat seeds showed that regrowth of vitrified Ribes apical meristems improved after 2 h immersion pretreatment with the highest survival at 1% RABP. RABP preparations containing equivalent proteins (1% crude or 0.2% dialyzed RABP) had similar effects on regrowth, indicating that the effect was from the proteins rather than sugars and other carbohydrates in the crude RABP extracts. Pretreatments of meristems and callus with 5 or 10% proline, 1% crude RABP, or 1% BSA in 0.4 M sucrose solutions produced similar results. Pretreated meristems resumed growth 3 days after warming and reached the maximum regrowth at 1 week, compared to 2 weeks for non-pretreatment controls. We suggest using a 1% BSA pretreatment as the most economical and available of the materials tested. JF - Cryobiology AU - Luo, Jie AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR 97330-2521, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 240 EP - 250 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - Ribes ciliatum KW - abscisic acid KW - meristem KW - proline KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - callus KW - bovine serum albumin KW - Ribes aureum KW - tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Abscisic+acid-responsive+protein%2C+bovine+serum+albumin%2C+and+proline+pretreatments+improve+recovery+of+in+vitro+currant+shoot-tip+meristems+and+callus+cryopreserved+by+vitrification&rft.au=Luo%2C+Jie%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - callus; bovine serum albumin; tissue culture; Ribes aureum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An elicitor of plant volatiles from beet armyworm oral secretion AN - 15900968; 4039338 AB - The compound N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine (named here volicitin) was isolated from oral secretions of beet armyworm caterpillars. When applied to damaged leaves of corn seedlings, volicitin induces the seedlings to emit volatile compounds that attract parasitic wasps, natural enemies of the caterpillars. Mechanical damage of the leaves, without application of this compound, did not trigger release of the same blend of volatiles. Volicitin is a key component in a chain of chemical signals and biochemical processes that regulate tritrophic interactions among plants, insect herbivores, and natural enemies of the herbivores. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Alborn, H T AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Jones, TH AU - Stenhagen, G AU - Loughrin, J H AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Cent. Med., Agric., and Vet. Entomol., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1700 Southwest 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 945 EP - 949 VL - 276 IS - 5314 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - feeding KW - parasitoids KW - Braconidae KW - beet armyworms KW - volicitin KW - N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cotesia marginiventris KW - Zea mays KW - tri-trophic interactions KW - attractants KW - volatiles KW - kairomones KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18160:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=An+elicitor+of+plant+volatiles+from+beet+armyworm+oral+secretion&rft.au=Alborn%2C+H+T%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ%3BJones%2C+TH%3BStenhagen%2C+G%3BLoughrin%2C+J+H%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Alborn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=5314&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Zea mays; Cotesia marginiventris; kairomones; volatiles; tri-trophic interactions; feeding; parasitoids; attractants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef and chicken: determination of D- and z-values. AN - 78921784; 9105932 AB - Thermal inactivation of a four-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 was determined in 90% lean ground beef, and lean ground chicken. Inoculated meat was packaged in bags which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, and 65 degrees C for predetermined lengths of time. D-values, determined by linear regression, in beef were 21.13, 4.95, 3.17, 0.93 and 0.39 min, respectively (z = 6.0 degrees C). Using a survival model for non-linear survival curves, D-values in beef ranged from 20.45 min (D1; and there was no D2) at 55 degrees C to 0.16 min (D1) and 1.45 min (D2) at 65 degrees C. When E. coli O157:H7 four-strain cocktail was heated in chicken, D-values calculated by both approaches were consistently less at all temperatures. The heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 was not altered after refrigerated or frozen storage of inoculated beef for 48 h. The results of this study will be beneficial to the food industry in designing HACCP plans to effectively eliminate E. coli O157:H7 in the meat products used in this study. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Snyder, O P AU - Marmer, B S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. vjuneja@arserve.gov Y1 - 1997/04/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 15 SP - 231 EP - 237 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Temperature KW - Food Preservation KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- physiology KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78921784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Thermal+destruction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+beef+and+chicken%3A+determination+of+D-+and+z-values.&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BSnyder%2C+O+P%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-04-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternansucrase mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-21138 AN - 860373145; 13777713 AB - Alternan is a unique a-D-glucan of potential commercial interest, produced by rare strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Natural isolates that produce alternan, such as NRRL B-1355, also produce dextran as a troublesome contaminant. We previously isolated mutants of strain NRRL B-1355 that are deficient in dextran production, including the highly stable strain NRRL B-21138. In the current work, we mutagenized strain NRRL B-21138 and screened survivors for further alterations in production of alternansucrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of alternan from sucrose. Second generation mutants included highly stable strain NRRL B-21297, which produced four-fold elevated levels of alternansucrase without an increase in the proportion of dextransucrase activity. Such alternansucrase overproducing strains will facilitate studies of this enzyme, and may become valuable for the enzymatic production of alternan. Another highly stable mutant strain, NRRL B-21414, grew slowly on sucrose with negligible production of glucan or extracellular glucansucrase activity. This strain may prove useful as an expression host for glucansucrase genes. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Ahlgren, J A AU - Cote, G L AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture*, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, US Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 278 EP - 283 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Dextran KW - Alternansucrase KW - Sucrose KW - Dextransucrase KW - Enzymes KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Contaminants KW - glucans KW - W 30940:Products KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860373145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Alternansucrase+mutants+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+strain+NRRL+B-21138&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BAhlgren%2C+J+A%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900380 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dextran; Dextransucrase; Sucrose; Alternansucrase; Enzymes; Contaminants; glucans; Leuconostoc mesenteroides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900380 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bee health and international trade. AN - 79319066; 9329115 AB - The international trade in bee products is a complex issue as a result of the diverse uses of these products. This is especially true with regard to honey. In most cases, honey is imported for human consumption: the high purchase and shipping costs preclude the use of honey as feed for bees. For these reasons, the risk of transmitting disease through honey is minimal. However, this risk should not be ignored, especially in those countries where American foulbrood is not known to occur. The importation of pollen for bee feed poses a definite risk, especially since there are no acceptable procedures for determining whether pollen is free from pathogens, insects and mites. Routine drying of pollen would reduce the survival of mites and insects, but would not have any impact on bacterial spores. Phytosanitary certificates should be required for the importation of honey and pollen when destined for bee feed. The declaration on the phytosanitary certificate should include country of origin, and should state whether the following bee diseases and parasitic mites are present: American foulbrood disease, European foulbrood disease, chalkbrood disease, Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Shimanuki, H AU - Knox, D A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 172 EP - 176 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Waxes KW - beeswax KW - 8012-89-3 KW - royal jelly KW - L497I37F0C KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Animals KW - Fatty Acids -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Waxes -- adverse effects KW - Bacillus -- physiology KW - Bacillus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Parasitology KW - Pollen -- microbiology KW - Transportation KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mites -- physiology KW - Ascomycota -- physiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Pollen -- parasitology KW - Bees -- microbiology KW - Honey -- microbiology KW - Bees -- parasitology KW - Honey -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79319066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Bee+health+and+international+trade.&rft.au=Shimanuki%2C+H%3BKnox%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shimanuki&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retroviral insertional mutagenesis of a herpesvirus: a Marek's disease virus mutant attenuated for oncogenicity but not for immunosuppression or in vivo replication. AN - 79080552; 9201407 AB - Our earlier studies have shown that retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus is an efficient process that engenders recombinant herpesviruses with altered biological properties. The RM1 clone is derived from the JM strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) through retrovirus insertional mutagenesis and contains sequences of reticuloendotheliosis virus inserted at the junction of the internal repeat and unique short regions of the genome. In previous studies, the RM1 clone appeared attenuated for oncogenicity but caused marked atrophy of the thymic lobes. The present studies represent a detailed analysis of the biological characteristics of the RM1 clone in order to better understand mechanisms of oncogenicity and gene function of MDV. RM1 was almost fully attenuated for oncogenicity but retained other in vivo properties of virulent viruses such as thymic and bursal atrophy, early immunosuppression, early cytolytic infection followed by efficient replication, and contact spread--all normally absent in attenuated strains. This suggests that, for serotype 1 MDV, oncogenicity is not tightly linked with immunodepression or viral replication and that these properties may be controlled by different genes or mechanisms. The mutation was stable through serial passage of the virus in chickens as determined by molecular analysis. None of the mutant viruses demonstrated expansion of the 132-bp repeat region of the genome, indicating that such expansion is not required for attenuation. Chickens vaccinated with RM1 clones were protected against challenge with virulent MDV, and levels of protection exceeded those of other attenuated serotype 1 vaccine viruses. Thus, attenuation by selective mutation may be an advantageous strategy for development of serotype 1 Marek's disease vaccines. JF - Avian diseases AU - Witter, R L AU - Li, D AU - Jones, D AU - Lee, L F AU - Kung, H J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 407 EP - 421 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- pathology KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Genome, Viral KW - Immune Tolerance KW - Virulence KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Chickens KW - Lymphocyte Depletion KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- immunology KW - Virus Replication KW - Retroviridae -- pathogenicity KW - Marek Disease -- immunology KW - Marek Disease -- pathology KW - Retroviridae -- immunology KW - Retroviridae -- physiology KW - Marek Disease -- virology KW - Retroviridae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79080552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Retroviral+insertional+mutagenesis+of+a+herpesvirus%3A+a+Marek%27s+disease+virus+mutant+attenuated+for+oncogenicity+but+not+for+immunosuppression+or+in+vivo+replication.&rft.au=Witter%2C+R+L%3BLi%2C+D%3BJones%2C+D%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BKung%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Witter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem recovery following selenium contamination in a freshwater reservoir. AN - 78992058; 9143456 AB - Belews Lake, North Carolina, was contaminated by selenium in wastewater released from a coal-fired electric generating facility during 1974-1985. Selenium bioaccumulated in aquatic food chains and caused severe reproductive failure and teratogenic deformities in fish. Beginning in 1986, the electric utility company changed its ash disposal practices and selenium-laden wastewater no longer entered the lake. A survey of selenium present in the water, sediments, benthic invertebrates, fish, and aquatic birds was conducted in 1996. Concentrations were compared to pre-1986 levels to determine how much change occurred during the decade since selenium inputs stopped. The data were also examined using a hazard assessment protocol to determine if ecosystem-level hazards to fish and aquatic birds had changed as well. Results reveal that waterborne selenium fell from a peak of 20 micrograms/liter before 1986, to < 1 microgram/liter in 1996; concentrations in biota were 85-95% lower in 1996. Hazard ratings indicate that high hazard existed prior to 1986 and that moderate hazard is still present, primarily due to selenium in the sediment-detrital food pathway. Concentrations of selenium in sediments have fallen by about 65-75%, but remain sufficiently elevated (1-4 micrograms/g) to contaminate benthic food organisms of fish and aquatic birds. Field evidence confirmed the validity of the hazard ratings. Developmental abnormalities in young fish indicate that selenium-induced teratogenesis and reproductive impairment are occurring. Moreover, the concentrations of selenium in benthic food organisms are sufficient to cause mortality in young bluegill and other centrarchids because of Winter Stress Syndrome. At the ecosystem level, recovery has been slow. Toxic effects are still evident 10 years after selenium inputs were stopped. The sediment-associated selenium will likely continue to be a significant hazard to fish and aquatic birds for years. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - North Carolina KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Teratogens -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Birds -- physiology KW - Ecosystem KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78992058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+recovery+following+selenium+contamination+in+a+freshwater+reservoir.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium-induced growth reduction in Brassica land races considered for phytoremediation. AN - 78975470; 9143457 AB - Brassica species considered for use in selenium (Se) phytoremediation need to accumulate large amounts of Se to be successful. Retarded plant growth and impaired protein synthesis are common symptoms for plants grown under seleniferous soils. Selenium accumulation by different land races of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss and one land race of Brassica carinata was investigated in Se-enriched water and soil cultures containing 2 mg Se kg-1. Effects of Se concentration in the root environment on the assimilation of Se, leaf surface area, dry matter yield, total leaf protein concentration, and free seleno-amino acid concentrations were analyzed for plants grown in Se-laden media. In water culture, shoot Se concentrations among the land races ranged from 501 to 1017 mg Se kg-1 dry matter (DM), and in plants grown in Se-laden soil, concentrations ranged from 407 to 769 mg Se kg-1 DM. Land races grown with Se exhibited decreases in dry matter yields from 12 to 23% and in leaf surface area from 5 to 26% compared to the same land races grown without Se. Protein content was significantly correlated both with shoot Se concentrations (r = 0.746, P < 0.001) and with leaf surface area (r = 0.446, P < 0.01) for all land races grown in Se-enriched water culture. There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.767, P < 0.001) between total Se assimilation and shoot protein for all land races. Free selenomethionine was detected for plants grown with Se and ranged from 92 to 958 ng g-1 DM. Other seleno-amino acids, Se-methyl-selenocysteine and selenocysteine, were not consistently detected as free amino acids in the different land races. Although visual symptoms of Se toxicity were not observed in the Brassica species, dry matter yield, leaf surface, and total shoot protein decreased, depending on the land races tested. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Bañuelos, G S AU - Ajwa, H A AU - Wu, L AU - Guo, X AU - Akohoue, S AU - Zambrzuski, S AD - USDA, ARS, Water Management Research Lab, Fresno, California 93727, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 282 EP - 287 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - Selenium Compounds KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Selenium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Selenium Compounds -- analysis KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- metabolism KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- growth & development KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Brassica -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78975470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Selenium-induced+growth+reduction+in+Brassica+land+races+considered+for+phytoremediation.&rft.au=Ba%C3%B1uelos%2C+G+S%3BAjwa%2C+H+A%3BWu%2C+L%3BGuo%2C+X%3BAkohoue%2C+S%3BZambrzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ba%C3%B1uelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide application during defeathering on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses prior to evisceration. AN - 78935012; 9106897 AB - The microbiological quality and skin appearance of New York dressed broiler carcasses were determined in two separate experiments after a water control, acetic acid, or H2O2 spray during defeathering. Broilers were picked up from a local processor and transported in coops to the pilot facility. In both experiments, commercial processing parameters were followed up to the defeathering step. After feather removal, the vents of all carcasses were blocked with a cotton plug to prevent contamination of the whole carcass rinse diluent with fecal material from the lower gut. The neck and feet were removed, and the carcasses were placed in individual plastic bags in preparation for a whole carcass rinse. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the log10 total aerobic plate counts for carcasses treated with 1% acetic acid in comparison to the water control (log10 cfu counts = 3.93 and 4.53, respectively). No differences were observed in skin appearance due to the 1% acid treatment. The addition of 0.5, 1, or 1.5% H2O2 to spray waters had no effect on microbiological quality of the carcasses when compared to the water control (4.92, 5.01, 4.91, and 4.99 log10 counts, respectively). The skin of carcasses treated with hydrogen peroxide, regardless of the concentration was bleached and bloated. JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Whittemore, A D AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 657 EP - 660 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Meat -- standards KW - Acetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Feathers KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78935012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acetic+acid+and+hydrogen+peroxide+application+during+defeathering+on+the+microbiological+quality+of+broiler+carcasses+prior+to+evisceration.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus provirions separates acid-mediated disassembly from infectivity. AN - 78862639; 9060641 AB - One of the final steps in the maturation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is cleavage of the VP0 protein to produce VP4 and VP2. The mechanism of this cleavage is unknown, but it is thought to function in stabilizing the virus particle and priming it for infecting cells. To investigate the cleavage process and to understand its role in virion maturation, we engineered synthetic FMDV RNAs with mutations at Ala-85 (A85) and Asp-86 (D86) of VP0, which border the cleavage site. BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs containing substitutions at position 85 (A85N or A85H) or at position 86 (D86N) yielded particles indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) virus in sedimentation and electrophoretic profiles. Viruses derived from these transfected cells were infectious and maintained their mutant sequences upon passage. However, BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs encoding Phe and Lys at these positions (A85F/D86K) or a Cys at position 86 (D86C) produced noninfectious provirions with uncleaved VP0 molecules. Despite their lack of infectivity, the A85F/D86K provirions displayed cell binding and acid sensitivity similar to those of WT virus. However, acid breakdown products of the A85F/D86K provirions differed in hydrophobicity from the comparable WT virion products, which lack VP4. Taken together, these studies are consistent with a role for soluble VP4 molecules in release of the viral genome from the endosomal compartment of susceptible cells. JF - Journal of virology AU - Knipe, T AU - Rieder, E AU - Baxt, B AU - Ward, G AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 2851 EP - 2856 VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Capsid Proteins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - VP2 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - VP4 protein, Rotavirus KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation, Density Gradient KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Proviruses -- physiology KW - Virion -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - RNA, Viral -- chemical synthesis KW - Transfection KW - Proviruses -- genetics KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Aphthovirus -- physiology KW - Aphthovirus -- metabolism KW - Virus Assembly -- physiology KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Capsid -- metabolism KW - Aphthovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78862639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+synthetic+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+provirions+separates+acid-mediated+disassembly+from+infectivity.&rft.au=Knipe%2C+T%3BRieder%2C+E%3BBaxt%2C+B%3BWard%2C+G%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Knipe&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1984 Jun;135(2):542-5 [6330983] J Biol Chem. 1981 Feb 25;256(4):1604-7 [6257680] J Virol. 1985 Oct;56(1):120-6 [2411948] Virology. 1985 Nov;147(1):118-25 [2998059] J Virol. 1986 Jun;58(3):893-9 [3009894] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):21-5 [3467351] Virus Res. 1987 May;7(3):257-71 [3037820] J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3199-207 [3041041] Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487-91 [2448875] J Gen Virol. 1988 Sep;69 ( Pt 9):2313-25 [2842438] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7351-67 [3045756] Nature. 1989 Feb 23;337(6209):709-16 [2537470] J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):2143-51 [2467993] Virology. 1989 Jul;171(1):76-82 [2545039] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):1934-45 [2157861] J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4067-75 [2166805] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2110-22 [8383233] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):5075-8 [8392631] J Virol. 1993 Sep;67(9):5139-45 [8394441] Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):616-23 [8249284] EMBO J. 1994 Feb 15;13(4):928-33 [8112307] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 1;91(5):1932-6 [8127909] J Virol. 1994 Aug;68(8):5296-9 [8035529] Nature. 1994 Sep 1;371(6492):37-43 [8072525] Structure. 1994 Feb 15;2(2):123-39 [8081743] J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):430-8 [7983739] Protein Sci. 1994 Oct;3(10):1651-69 [7849583] J Virol. 1995 Apr;69(4):2664-6 [7533862] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):7125-31 [8794359] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 17;93(19):10428-33 [8816817] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4625-31 [2168956] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4697-702 [2168959] J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5389-95 [2170677] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):326-34 [1845893] J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6015-23 [1681115] Virology. 1993 Feb;192(2):568-77 [8380665] J Mol Biol. 1968 Apr 28;33(2):369-78 [4302632] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Virol. 1972 Jan;9(1):29-40 [4333543] J Gen Virol. 1978 Nov;41(2):255-64 [214518] Arch Virol. 1979;59(1-2):69-79 [218538] Virology. 1980 Jul 15;104(1):42-55 [6249029] J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):298-305 [6205165] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hawaiian Quaternary paleoenvironments; a review of existing geological, pedological, and botanical evidence AN - 52695240; 1997-048922 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Gavenda, Robert T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 15 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - Quaternary KW - interglacial environment KW - paleohydrology KW - landform evolution KW - paleo-oceanography KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - paleoclimatology KW - Cenozoic KW - paleoenvironment KW - glacial environment KW - Oceania KW - Polynesia KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52695240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hawaiian+Quaternary+paleoenvironments%3B+a+review+of+existing+geological%2C+pedological%2C+and+botanical+evidence&rft.au=Gavenda%2C+Robert+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gavenda&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 93rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; East Pacific Ocean Islands; glacial environment; Hawaii; hydrology; interglacial environment; landform evolution; Oceania; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology; paleoenvironment; paleohydrology; pedogenesis; Plantae; Polynesia; Quaternary; soils; United States; wind transport; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustaining watershed research; the Reynolds Creek experimental watershed example AN - 52628605; 1998-023574 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Slaughter, Charles W A2 - Sommarstrom, Sari Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 185 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 92 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - data acquisition KW - landform evolution KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - research KW - Reynolds Creek KW - mountains KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - Owyhee County Idaho KW - basin management KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52628605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Sustaining+watershed+research%3B+the+Reynolds+Creek+experimental+watershed+example&rft.au=Slaughter%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Slaughter&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=1887192069&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; basin management; climate; data acquisition; data processing; experimental studies; floods; fluvial features; geologic hazards; hydrology; Idaho; landform evolution; monitoring; mountains; Owyhee County Idaho; research; Reynolds Creek; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the roles of sediment waves and channel conditions over time and space AN - 52618744; 1998-023568 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Lisle, Thomas E A2 - Sommarstrom, Sari Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 57 EP - 67 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 92 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - degradation KW - waves KW - rivers and streams KW - aggradation KW - sediment supply KW - channels KW - equilibrium KW - case studies KW - transport KW - abrasion KW - sediments KW - sediment waves KW - fluvial features KW - velocity KW - stream gradient KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52618744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+roles+of+sediment+waves+and+channel+conditions+over+time+and+space&rft.au=Lisle%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=1887192069&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abrasion; aggradation; bedload; case studies; channels; degradation; equilibrium; fluvial features; hydrology; rivers and streams; sediment supply; sediment waves; sediments; stream gradient; transport; velocity; waves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total elemental analysis digestion method evaluation on soils and clays AN - 52477643; 1999-037738 JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilson, M A AU - Burt, R AU - Lynn, W C AU - Klameth, L C Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 497 EP - 426 PB - Marcel Dekker, New York, NY VL - 28 IS - 6-8 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - clay KW - concentration KW - clastic sediments KW - variance analysis KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - suspended materials KW - size KW - sediments KW - oxides KW - testing KW - ecology KW - particulate materials KW - chemical composition KW - accuracy KW - instruments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52477643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Total+elemental+analysis+digestion+method+evaluation+on+soils+and+clays&rft.au=Wilson%2C+M+A%3BBurt%2C+R%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BKlameth%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - 12 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CSOSA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; chemical composition; clastic sediments; clay; concentration; ecology; grain size; granulometry; instruments; oxides; particulate materials; sediments; size; soils; statistical analysis; suspended materials; testing; variance analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the effects of nonpoint source pollution controls on Sny Magill Creek, Clayton County, Iowa AN - 52359619; 2000-041202 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Seigley, Lynette S AU - Wilton, Tom F AU - Wunder, Gaige AU - May, Jayne E AU - Schueller, Mike D AU - Birmingham, Mike W AU - Tisl, Jeff A AU - Palas, Eric A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 71 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - bedload KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - effects KW - nonpoint sources KW - Iowa KW - nutrients KW - controls KW - Sny Magill Creek KW - northeastern Iowa KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52359619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+effects+of+nonpoint+source+pollution+controls+on+Sny+Magill+Creek%2C+Clayton+County%2C+Iowa&rft.au=Seigley%2C+Lynette+S%3BWilton%2C+Tom+F%3BWunder%2C+Gaige%3BMay%2C+Jayne+E%3BSchueller%2C+Mike+D%3BBirmingham%2C+Mike+W%3BTisl%2C+Jeff+A%3BPalas%2C+Eric+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Seigley&rft.aufirst=Lynette&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 31st annual North-Central Section N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; Clayton County Iowa; controls; effects; Iowa; monitoring; nonpoint sources; northeastern Iowa; nutrients; pesticides; pollution; Sny Magill Creek; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical transfer from soil solution to surface runoff AN - 50168768; 1997-064870 AB - Three soils were exposed to three consecutive simulated rains under dry, wet, and water table conditions with gypsum as a tracer placed at a 5-mm depth to evaluate the extent and nature of chemical transfer from soil solution to runoff and to determine the effective depth of the mixing zone. No electrolyte release was detected in runoff during the dry run for any of the soils. Electrical conductivity decreased exponentially with time during the initial stages of the wet and water table runs. Results were consistent with the complete mixing concept, but they also suggest that the assumption of no chemical transfer into the mixing zone from below should be modified. The effective mixing depth appears to be less than 3-4 mm. Two timescale processes were identified. The fast rate process, driven by raindrop impact and confined to the mixing zone, causes an exponential depletion of chemicals from that zone. The slow rate process, dominated by molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion, describes chemical transfer to the mixing zone from below. The identification of the two processes indicates that the fast rate process is adequate for approximating chemical loss under free drainage conditions, while otherwise the slow rate process must be considered. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, D AU - Nearing, M A Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 809 EP - 815 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - surface water KW - rates KW - adsorption KW - solution KW - transport KW - mixing KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - geochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+transfer+from+soil+solution+to+surface+runoff&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+D%3BNearing%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F96WR03908 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; desorption; experimental studies; geochemistry; hydrology; mixing; rates; runoff; soils; solution; surface water; transport; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96WR03908 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of oak wilt fungal mats by Ophiostoma piceae during spring in Minnesota AN - 17102474; 4410604 AB - The colonization of Ceratocystis fagacearum fungal mats of different ages by Ophiostoma piceae on Quercus spp. was determined in three east-central Minnesota locations during the spring of 1995. The extent of the mat area colonized by O. piceae generally increased with mat age. Subsamples per mat yielding the fungus for the three locations averaged 11 to 27% for immature mats, 65 to 72% for mature mats, and 66 to 96% for aging and declining mats. On a mat-incidence basis, frequencies of O. piceae isolation from at least one subsample of an immature mat ranged from 30 to 53% compared with more than 90% for all other mat ages in the three locations. The average number of colony-forming units of O. piceae per square centimeter ranged from 1 x 10 super(3) to 1.2 x 10 super(6) and increased with mat age. The extent of C. fagacearum recovery from each mat was lower for aging plus declining mats (P < 0.03) compared with other ages in two locations. On a mat-incidence basis, frequency of C. fagacearum recovery from at least one subsample of a mat averaged 99% for all ages of mats in all locations. The interaction between O. piceae and C. fagacearum on mats, nitidulids, and the oak wound surface is discussed. JF - Plant Disease AU - Juzwik, J AU - Meyer, J M AD - North Central Forest Experiment Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 410 EP - 414 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Minnesota KW - oak wilt KW - wilt KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Nitidulidae KW - Ceratocystis fagacearum KW - Quercus KW - Ophiostoma piceae KW - Graphium pirinum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+oak+wilt+fungal+mats+by+Ophiostoma+piceae+during+spring+in+Minnesota&rft.au=Juzwik%2C+J%3BMeyer%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Juzwik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratocystis fagacearum; Graphium pirinum; Nitidulidae; Ophiostoma piceae; Quercus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of concentration of soda ash, temperature, and immersion period on the control of postharvest green mold of oranges AN - 16510377; 4414594 AB - Oranges were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum, the citrus green mold pathogen, and immersed 24 h later in heated soda ash (Na sub(2)CO sub(3), sodium carbonate) solutions to control postharvest citrus green mold. Oranges were immersed for 1 or 2 min in solutions containing 0, 2, 4, or 6% (wt/vol) soda ash heated to 35.0, 40.6, 43.3, or 46.1 degree C. After 3 weeks of storage at 10 degree C, the number of decayed oranges was determined. Soda ash significantly controlled green mold in every test. The most effective control of green mold was obtained at 40.6 or 43.3 degree C with 4 or 6% soda ash. The concentration of soda ash greatly influenced efficacy, whereas the influences of temperature or immersion period on soda ash efficacy were small. Solutions of 4 and 6% soda ash were similar in efficacy and provided superior control of green mold compared with 2% soda ash. The control of green mold by soda ash solutions heated to 40.6 or 43.3 degree C was slightly superior to control by solutions heated to 35.0 or 46.1 degree C. The control of green mold by 1-min immersion of inoculated oranges in heated soda ash solutions was inferior to immersion for 2 min, but the magnitude of the difference, particularly with 6% soda ash, was small. A second-order response surface model without interactions was developed that closely described the influence of soda ash concentration, temperature, and immersion period on efficacy. The efficacy of soda ash under commercial conditions was better than that predicted by the model, probably because under commercial conditions the fruit were rinsed less thoroughly with water after treatment than in laboratory tests. The primary finding of this work was that soda ash controlled 24-h-old green mold infections at commercially useful levels using shorter immersion periods and lower temperatures than those recommended by other workers for the use of soda ash on lemons. The oranges were not visibly injured in any test. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Mackey, B E AU - Reese, R AU - Usall, J AU - Margosan, DA AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 379 EP - 382 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - post-harvest decay KW - preservation KW - soda ash KW - sodium carbonate KW - spoilage KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+concentration+of+soda+ash%2C+temperature%2C+and+immersion+period+on+the+control+of+postharvest+green+mold+of+oranges&rft.au=Smilanick%2C+J+L%3BMackey%2C+B+E%3BReese%2C+R%3BUsall%2C+J%3BMargosan%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Smilanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of biotechnologically engineered vaccines and diagnostics in pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) eradication strategies AN - 16363214; 4314760 AB - Modern-day biotechnology has an almost unlimited number of possibilities for reducing the impact of hereditary and infectious diseases. To date one of its most visible and rewarding applications for veterinary medicine has been in the genetic engineering of vaccines and diagnostics to assist in the eventual eradication of pseudorabies (PR, Aujeszky's disease). In the following review we summarize some of the most pertinent issues relative to PR eradication and point out the present and potential role of biotechnology in achieving our goal. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Mengeling, W L AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Vorwald, A C AD - Virology Swine Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 55 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Aujeszky's disease KW - biotechnology KW - diagnostic agents KW - eradication KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16363214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+biotechnologically+engineered+vaccines+and+diagnostics+in+pseudorabies+%28Aujeszky%27s+disease%29+eradication+strategies&rft.au=Mengeling%2C+W+L%3BBrockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BVorwald%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Mengeling&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trace gas emissions from ecosystems of the Amazon basin AN - 16251445; 4237536 AB - Tropical forests of Amazonia play a major role in controlling the composition of the earth's atmosphere. Natural ecosystems of Amazonia contribute significant portions to the global budgets of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. Amazon forest vegetation contributes to regional atmospheric chemistry as an important source of reduced gases such as volatile organics and carbon monoxide. The forest soils produce nitric oxide. Recent trends in land use change have led to increases in the sources of nitrous oxide and methane. The ozone precursor nitric oxide is internally recycled under forest conditions while deforestation leads to larger net emissions. We have limited knowledge of biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases in Amazonia. However, recent advances in instrumentation approaches and the evolution in the design of interdisciplinary field campaigns enhance the prospects for successful study of this area in earth system science. JF - Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) AU - Keller, M AU - Melillo, J AU - De Mello, WZ AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intl. Inst. Trop. Forest., PO Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 87 EP - 97 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-6725, 0009-6725 KW - Brazil KW - environmental changes KW - forests KW - gas exchange KW - gas production KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ciencia+e+Cultura+%28Sao+Paulo%29&rft.atitle=Trace+gas+emissions+from+ecosystems+of+the+Amazon+basin&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BMelillo%2C+J%3BDe+Mello%2C+WZ&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ciencia+e+Cultura+%28Sao+Paulo%29&rft.issn=00096725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambrosia beetle host selection among logs of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar with different ethanol and alpha -pinene concentrations AN - 16245788; 4239438 AB - Logs from Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii; western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla; and western red cedar, Thuja plicata, were left in the forest through winter. In April, segments from these logs were removed and randomly positioned adjacent to one another allowing ambrosia beetles to select their preferred host. In early June the tissues of Douglas fir and western hemlock logs contained significantly higher ethanol concentrations and ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron lineatum and Gnathotrichus spp.) densities than logs of western red cedar. Low beetle attack densities in western red cedar were probably a consequence of low ethanol concentrations. Although Douglas fir tissues produced significantly higher ethanol concentrations than western hemlock, the beetles did not effectively discriminate between these two conifer species. Ethanol and alpha -pinene were significant covariates for the ambrosia beetle densities. alpha -Pinene concentrations were highest in the phloem of western red cedar, intermediate in Douglas fir, and nearly absent in western hemlock. alpha -Pinene did not synergize the beetle's response to ethanol or to ethanol + pheromone during host selection, and it may have functioned as a deterrent. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kelsey, R G AU - Joseph, G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1035 EP - 1051 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Engraver beetles KW - Oregon pine KW - Red fir KW - Striped ambrosia beetle KW - Timber beetles KW - Western redcedar KW - alpha -pinene KW - ethanol KW - host plants KW - host selection KW - volatiles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16245788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Ambrosia+beetle+host+selection+among+logs+of+Douglas+fir%2C+western+hemlock%2C+and+western+red+cedar+with+different+ethanol+and+alpha+-pinene+concentrations&rft.au=Kelsey%2C+R+G%3BJoseph%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of the fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hym., Aphelinidae) on confined populations of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hom., Aphididae) under field conditions AN - 16223449; 4221068 AB - The natural enemies of Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) can play an important role in the dynamics of aphid populations. The aphelinid wasp parasite, Aphelinus asychis, and the hyphomycete fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, were evaluated separately and in combination against confined populations of D. noxia under field conditions. Groups of 10 infested barley plants were treated in a spray tower with either 10 ml of a fungal suspension (1.7 x 10 super(7) conidia/ml) [with and without incubation for 24 h under ideal conditions (Pfr; Pfr(24 h), respectively)] or four female A. asychis (Aa) or both fungus and parasitoids (Pfr + Aa). Insects treated with Pfr + Aa or Aa responded with higher mortality at 7 and 10 days post-treatment than controls or those receiving only the fungus. Laboratory studies confirmed mycosis in cadavers of D. noxia that were recovered from plants that had received fungal treatments ranged from 24.4 to 31.9% (Pfr); 26.6 to 43.3% (Pfr(24 h)) and 27.7 to 34.5% (Pfr + Aa). The total number of living aphids per plant was significantly lower in the treatments involving A. asychis than in all other treatments and controls throughout the test. Significantly lower numbers of D. noxia relative to controls were also observed 13 days post-treatment for the Pfr(24 h) treatment. At the termination of the test 13 days post-treatment, the density of aphids on plants treated with Pfr + Aa, Aa, Pfr(24 h) and Pfr was 38.2%, 43.1%, 70.5% and 91.9% of that observed on control plants, respectively. Significant differences in the percentages of aphid age groups were observed between treatments involving A. asychis and all other treatments and controls 13 days post-treatment; there was a significant reduction of the percentage of younger instar and relative increase in older instars for the treatments involving A. asychis. The dry weight of plants treated with Pfr + Aa was significantly greater than controls 13 days post-treatment. These studies reveal an additive effect of P. fumosoroseus and A. asychis with regard to aphid control with no detrimental effects on the percentage of parasitism nor parasitoid emergence when the two agents were used together. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Mesquita, ALM AU - Lacey, LA AU - Leclant, F AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA, ARS, Montpellier, France Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 121 IS - 3 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - pathogens KW - population dynamics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+the+fungus%2C+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+parasitoid%2C+Aphelinus+asychis+Walker+%28Hym.%2C+Aphelinidae%29+on+confined+populations+of+Russian+wheat+aphid%2C+Diuraphis+noxia+%28Mordvilko%29+%28Hom.%2C+Aphididae%29+under+field+conditions&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+ALM%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BLeclant%2C+F&rft.aulast=Mesquita&rft.aufirst=ALM&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and inherited sterility for control of corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16113769; 4215598 AB - Inherited sterility has been proposed as a means of suppressing the populations of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). If nuclear polyhedrosis viruses could be used to kill larvae, thereby reducing the number of moths in the field populations, fewer moths treated with substerilizing doses of irradiation would need to be released. However, for these two methods to be compatible, the progeny of substerile moths should be no more susceptible to the virus than the progeny of the field populations. The corn earworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Elcar super(TM)) was bioassayed against corn earworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male, female, and male and female moths treated with 100 Gy of irradiation and larvae from male moths treated with 150 Gy of irradiation. The fall armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus was bioassayed against fall armyworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male moths treated with 100 to 150 Gy of irradiation. There was no significant difference between susceptibility of larvae from untreated moths and larvae from irradiated moths. Thus, the use of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses for control of larvae should be compatible with the release of substerilized moths as part of an integrated pest management approach for area-wide management of the corn earworm and fall armyworm. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Hamm, J J AU - Carpenter, JE AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, P. O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Bollworm KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - Fall armyworm KW - pathology KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - integrated control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - viruses KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16113769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+nuclear+polyhedrosis+viruses+and+inherited+sterility+for+control+of+corn+earworm+and+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Hamm%2C+J+J%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Hamm&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; viruses; integrated control; pathology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of forest management effects on nitrate removal by riparian buffer systems AN - 16112301; 4208139 AB - A study was conducted to determine the impact of different forest management techniques on shallow groundwater quality in coastal plain riparian zones. Considerable past research had shown that riparian zones are effective in removing or assimilating nitrates entering from upslope agricultural fields via shallow lateral flow, but the impact of different forest management techniques on this process was unknown. The study was conducted at a site near Tifton, Georgia, on a second-order coastal plain stream. The riparian buffer system consisted of a grass buffer, a managed forest zone, and a forest zone adjacent to the stream. Three forest treatments were studied: mature forest (MF), clearcut (CC), and selective thinning (ST). Following a nine-month pretreatment period, trees were completely or selectively removed from the CC and ST treatments, respectively. Shallow groundwater quality was evaluated in networks of wells on transects extending downslope from the edge of the agricultural field to the stream. Results from the study showed that all three forest management treatments were effective in assimilating nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N). Significant differences in NO sub(3)-N concentrations in the shallow groundwater between the three different treatments did not occur. The only statistically significant effect that was observed on groundwater quality was under the CC treatment, where solute concentrations (both NO sub(3)-N and chloride [Cl]) decreased after the tree cutting. This was attributed to a combination of effects including possible increased NO sub(3)-N uptake by rapidly growing vegetation, dilution associated with less evapotranspiration by young vegetation as compared to mature forest, and more throughfall of rainfall under the CC than under the other two treatments. No treatment effects were observed on ammonium-nitrogen (NH sub(4)-N) concentrations. Overall the study showed that regardless of forest management techniques, coastal plain riparian forests are effective in assimilating NO sub(3)-N. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Lowrance, R AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - riparian buffer systems KW - USA, Georgia, Tifton KW - forest management KW - coastal plains KW - Riparian Land KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - nonpoint pollution KW - riparian environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forests KW - water quality KW - nitrates KW - groundwater pollution KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+forest+management+effects+on+nitrate+removal+by+riparian+buffer+systems&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BLowrance%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrates; water quality; forest management; coastal plains; Riparian Land; nonpoint pollution sources; groundwater pollution; forests; nonpoint pollution; riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vegetable oil to remove nitrate from flowing groundwater AN - 16105343; 4204281 AB - This study investigated the use of vegetable oil to cleanse nitrate from groundwater. The hypothesis on which the study was based was that oil trapped in the soil matrix would form an immobile organic zone through which water flows; nitrate in the water would be removed as microbial denitrifiers utilized the oil as a carbon source. Laboratory studies show that the procedure has merit. Both corn and soybean oil rapidly stimulated native bacteria to remove nitrate from water in static anaerobic bioreactors. Soybean oil /water mixtures ranging from 0.8 to 12.5% oil in water were tested and all were effective at supporting denitrification. Also, denitrification occurred rapidly at nitrate concentrations up to 2000 ppm NO sub(3)-N. In addition to studies with static bioreactors, soil column studies were conducted. Soybean oil injected into 2.5 x 34 cm columns containing aquifer matrix or sand removed nitrate from flowing water. Flow rates of up to 600 mL/day were successful. Innocuous vegetable oil may provide the basis for a simple and inexpensive method of nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hunter, W J AU - Follett, R F AU - Cary, J W AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 345 EP - 354 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - vegetable oil KW - performance evaluation KW - soil bacteria KW - pollutant removal KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - nitrates KW - oil KW - remediation KW - flow rates KW - denitrification KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Use+of+vegetable+oil+to+remove+nitrate+from+flowing+groundwater&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J%3BFollett%2C+R+F%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remediation; oil; nitrates; flow rates; groundwater pollution; denitrification; performance evaluation; soil bacteria; pollutant removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors AN - 16102848; 4203755 AB - A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a "least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; and primary forms of adjustment to meet carbon policy targets involve shifting of land from agriculture to forest and more intensive forest management in combinations varying with the policy target. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Alig, R AU - Adams, D AU - McCarl, B AU - Callaway, J M AU - Winnett, S AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 259 EP - 274 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - environment management KW - climatic changes KW - USA KW - afforestation KW - carbon KW - federal policies KW - land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16102848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Assessing+effects+of+mitigation+strategies+for+global+climate+change+with+an+intertemporal+model+of+the+U.S.+forest+and+agriculture+sectors&rft.au=Alig%2C+R%3BAdams%2C+D%3BMcCarl%2C+B%3BCallaway%2C+J+M%3BWinnett%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; climatic changes; afforestation; land use; carbon; environment management; federal policies; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotype composition of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomiidae) populations from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia AN - 16102065; 4206917 AB - Fourteen populations of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia were evaluated for biotype composition, and two Arkansas populations were tested for response to Hessian fly resistance genes or gene combinations H3, H5, H6, H7H8, and H9 to H19 in wheat. The biotype composition of Hessian fly populations was estimated by confining individual gravid females on the four wheat differential cultivars 'Monon' (H3), 'Magnum' (H5), 'Caldwell' (H6), and 'Seneca' (H7H8). The response of Arkansas fly populations to resistance genes was evaluated in replicated tests with wheat germplasm lines or cultivars homozygous for these genes. Hessian fly populations from Arkansas were predominately biotype L, with low levels of biotypes F, G, J, M, and O, depending upon population. Biotype L was predominant in the Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia populations, although biotype D was present in populations from extreme southwestern Illinois and Virginia and North Carolina. Biotypes G, J, L, M, and O were identified from the west-central Georgia population collected at Griffin, while only biotypes M and O were identified from the southwestern Georgia population, collected at Plains. All fly populations were virulent to resistance genes H3, H5, and H6, while the southwestern Georgia population was avirulent to H7H8. Plants with single resistance genes H9 to H19 varied significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in their resistance to the two Arkansas populations. Plants with single resistance genes H9, H10, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 conditioned resistance (88 to 100%) to both populations, while plants with single genes H11, H12, or H15 were susceptible to one or both populations. Wheat germplasm lines developed in the Purdue/USDA program that carry single gene resistances H9, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 should provide useful sources of resistance for developing improved wheat cultivars adapted to the mid-south and southeastern United States. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Ratcliffe, R H AU - Ohm, H W AU - Patterson, F L AU - Cambron, SE AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Prot. and Pest Control Res. Unit, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 154 EP - 164 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Diptera KW - Cecidomiidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mayetiola destructor KW - Cecidomyiidae KW - pest resistance KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - biotypes KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16102065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Biotype+composition+of+Hessian+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomiidae%29+populations+from+Arkansas%2C+Georgia%2C+Illinois%2C+North+Carolina+and+Virginia&rft.au=Ratcliffe%2C+R+H%3BOhm%2C+H+W%3BPatterson%2C+F+L%3BCambron%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecidomyiidae; Triticum aestivum; Mayetiola destructor; Diptera; USA; biotypes; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understory species composition and production in old-growth western hemlock - Sitka spruce forests of southeastern Alaska AN - 16100764; 4206883 AB - Vascular understory species composition and production were studied in 36 stands in both northern and southern portions of southeastern Alaska, United States. Understory composition and production were related to site factors of soil drainage and slope and overstory factors of species composition, stand age, canopy coverage, and mass (net wood volume). Principal floristic gradients were dominated by differences in production of Alaska blueberry (Vaccinium alaskaense How.), skunk-cabbage (Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John), and lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth). Soil drainage was the principal environmental factor determining understory species composition. Soil drainage also determined overstory mass and, consequently, total understory production, presumably through effects of overstory mass on light interception. Well-drained sites were more productive of trees and less productive of understory than were poorly drained sites. Relations between windthrow, soil drainage, overstory mass, and understory species composition and production are interactive in these excessively wet, old-growth forests. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Hanley, T A AU - Brady, W W AD - Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box 20909, Juneau, AK 99802-0909, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 574 EP - 580 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - environmental factors KW - species composition KW - plant communities KW - understory KW - old growth KW - productivity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Understory+species+composition+and+production+in+old-growth+western+hemlock+-+Sitka+spruce+forests+of+southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Hanley%2C+T+A%3BBrady%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; plant communities; understory; species composition; productivity; environmental factors; old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut migration analysis of a compacted soil AN - 16097262; 4202866 AB - Predicting headcut migration is a complex problem. The rate of headcut migration is of specific interest for engineers designing earthen spillways and embankments. Headcut migration tests of a compacted soil were conducted in a 1.8-m wide and 29-m long flume with 2.4-m high sidewalls. Three simple physically based headcut migration equations that separately group material-dependent parameters and flow-dependent parameters are used in this study to analyze results of the headcut migration study. The purpose of this article is (1) to relate the material-dependent factors of these equations to material property measurements; and (2) to determine the appropriate adjustment algorithm for these material-dependent factors for multiple material layers. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Robinson, K M AU - Cook, K R AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 355 EP - 362 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - headcut migration KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - migration KW - model studies KW - flumes KW - erosion KW - soil compaction KW - mathematical equations KW - algorithms KW - gullies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16097262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Headcut+migration+analysis+of+a+compacted+soil&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BRobinson%2C+K+M%3BCook%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; migration; soil compaction; gullies; flumes; mathematical equations; erosion; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel approach using solid phase extraction disks for extraction of pesticides from water AN - 16092527; 4113782 AB - Pressures to reduce hazardous solvent use in traditional procedures for pesticide extractions from water have increased the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) technology. We have expanded the use of SPE disks beyond the procedural techniques previously used. Pesticides are sorbed onto preconditioned SPE disks placed directly into the water in the sample collection bottle and then eluted off the disks by solvents in the same bottle, bypassing the laboratory extraction process and reducing costs by eliminating the need for expensive vacuum filtering glassware. We determined atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-[1-methylethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), acetochlor (2-chloro-N-[ethoxymethyl]-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]acetamide), and alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl]acetamide) recovery from water as a function of contact time, degree of mixing, and disk size. Shaking 47-mm C8 extraction disks in 500 mL water for 20 h, followed by elution with ethyl acetate in the same sample collection bottle, resulted in > 70% recovery of the three herbicides (1 mu g/L) compared to > 90% recovery for atrazine achieved with traditional vacuum-filtering extraction. This research suggests a simpler approach for pesticide extraction from water samples compared to current methods, and may allow for in-field extraction of some pesticides. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Barber, B L AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., Rm 439, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 558 EP - 560 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Cleanup KW - acetochlor KW - alachlor KW - atrazine KW - chemical extraction KW - fresh water KW - ground water KW - pollutant removal KW - pollution clean-up KW - solid phase extraction KW - water pollution treatment KW - water samples KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - sorption KW - Freshwater KW - solvents KW - water treatment KW - herbicides KW - pesticides KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16092527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+novel+approach+using+solid+phase+extraction+disks+for+extraction+of+pesticides+from+water&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BBarber%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorption; solvents; chemical extraction; herbicides; water treatment; fresh water; water pollution treatment; pesticides; water samples; ground water; atrazine; pollutant removal; pollution clean-up; alachlor; Cleanup; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of lipoxygenase activity by bacterial hopanoids AN - 16091360; 4200781 AB - Tetrahydroxybacteriohopane (1), a bacterial hopanoid, inhibited soybean 15-lipoxygenase with an IC sub(50) of about 10 mu M. After per-O-acetylation of 1 no inhibition of the 15-lipoxygenase was observed. Two other bacterial hopanoids, tetrahydroxybacteriohopane glucosamine (2) and tetrahydroxybacteriohopane ether (3), stimulated the activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase. The activities of two other arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes, human 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin H synthase, were unaffected by 1. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Moreau, R A AU - Agnew, J AU - Hicks, K B AU - Powell, MJ AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 397 EP - 398 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - 15-lipoxygenase KW - tetrahydroxybacteriohopane KW - hopanoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Glycine max KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+lipoxygenase+activity+by+bacterial+hopanoids&rft.au=Moreau%2C+R+A%3BAgnew%2C+J%3BHicks%2C+K+B%3BPowell%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zymomonas mobilis; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic benefits of maintaining ecological integrity of Rio Mameyes, in Puerto Rico AN - 16067841; 4108355 AB - A contingent valuation in-person survey of Puerto Rican households was performed to estimate their willingness to pay for preserving instream flows in the Rio Mameyes and avoiding a dam on the Rio Fajardo. Households annual willingness-to-pay amount was $27 for the Rio Mameyes and $28 for the Rio Fajardo. When expanded to the one million households in Puerto Rico on an annual basis this amounts to $11.33 million for the Rio Mameyes and $13.09 million for the Rio Fajardo. The household values can be compared to the costs of repairing water lines and in-home water conservation measures to determine whether there are more net benefits to these alternative sources of water than withdrawals from the Rio Mameyes. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Gonzalez-Caban, A AU - Loomis, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Forest Fire Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 63 EP - 75 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico, Mameyes R. KW - Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico, Rio Mameyes KW - conservation KW - dams KW - ecological balance KW - economic aspects KW - economics KW - instream flow KW - nature conservation KW - public concern KW - water conservation KW - water supplies KW - water supply KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - ecology KW - rivers KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16067841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+benefits+of+maintaining+ecological+integrity+of+Rio+Mameyes%2C+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Gonzalez-Caban%2C+A%3BLoomis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gonzalez-Caban&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; water supply; water conservation; conservation; dams; water management; ecological balance; economics; ecology; rivers; water supplies; public concern; Puerto Rico; instream flow; economic aspects; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roadside soils: A corridor for invasion of xeric scrub by nonindigenous plants AN - 16043742; 4091983 AB - Invasion of ecosystems by nonindigenous species threatens native biodiversity by altering species composition and site characteristics, and by potentially impacting endangered species. We compared plant communities and soil characteristics along clay, limerock, and unmodified sand roadsides, and in adjacent clearcuts in xeric Florida sand pine scrub to test our hypothesis that modified soils used in constructing roadways provide a roadside corridor for invasion by nonindigenous species and species that are uncharacteristic of xeric scrub. Clay and limerock roadsides had more clay and less sand than sand roadsides or clearcuts. Soil pH and levels of several nutrients differed significantly in limerock roadsides relative to the other substrates. In general, sand roadsides and clearcuts had higher characteristic but lower uncharacteristic and nonindigenous plant cover and number of species than modified roadside substrates. This suggests that xeric scrub may be somewhat resistant to invasion where native soils are present, even if disturbed. However, presence of nonindigenous species suggests that roadways facilitate the transport of source propagules to otherwise remote sites. Especially where roadside and native soil characteristics differ markedly, conditions may be enhanced for invasion by nonindigenous and uncharacteristic plants. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Crownover, SH AU - Gordon AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Bent Creek Res. and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 99 EP - 109 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population establishment KW - USA, Florida KW - roadsides KW - plants KW - soil characteristics KW - exotic species KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16043742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Roadside+soils%3A+A+corridor+for+invasion+of+xeric+scrub+by+nonindigenous+plants&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BCrownover%2C+SH%3BGordon&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; plants; exotic species; population establishment; soil characteristics; roadsides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability of the North American weeds Sesbania exaltata and S. drummondii (Leguminosae) as hosts for Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus and Trichapion lativentre (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Argentina AN - 16039593; 4085827 AB - Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (Oliver) and Trichapion lativentre (Beguin-Billecocq) are 2 South American weevils successfully used for the biological control of Sesbania punicea (Cavanille) Benth. in South Africa. The potential of these insects as control agents for the weeds Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. and S. drummondii (Rydb.) Cory in the United States was studied in Argentina. Estimation of adult consumption, the food preference of adult insects on 5 species of Sesbania (3 native hosts and the 2 weeds mentioned above), the capacity of the insects to complete their life cycle on the weeds, and the weed infestation by wild populations in the laboratory garden were studied. The consumption of N. quadrivitattus on both north American weeds did not differ from that on native hosts. Similar consumption was observed for T. lativentre feeding on S. drummondii. S. exaltata showed the lowest consumption. The feeding preference of N. quadrivittatus was similar to that of its natural host plants. In the case of T. lativentre, results on only S. drummondii were comparable to that of its natural hosts. Both insects were able to complete their life cycles on the weeds. In the garden, there was a marked preference by the weevils for S. drummondii. S. exaltata was not attacked by T. lativentre and no test was carried out with N. quadrivittatus. We concluded that both insects are good biocontrol candidates for S. drummondii, whereas only N. quadrivittatus is a promising control agent for S. exaltata. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Logarzo, G A AU - Casalinuovo, MA AD - South American Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, Bolivar 1559, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus KW - Trichapion lativentre KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Sesbania drummondii KW - Argentina KW - Curculionidae KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+the+North+American+weeds+Sesbania+exaltata+and+S.+drummondii+%28Leguminosae%29+as+hosts+for+Neodiplogrammus+quadrivittatus+and+Trichapion+lativentre+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+Argentina&rft.au=Logarzo%2C+G+A%3BCasalinuovo%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Logarzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Sesbania exaltata; Sesbania drummondii; Argentina; weed control; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of free-ranging elk from Wyoming and Montana for selected pathogens AN - 16034358; 4088667 AB - From December 1991 through January 1995, a disease survey was conducted on herds of free-ranging, hunter-killed elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from three areas in proximity to Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming (USA), after tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis was discovered in a captive herd of elk in the area. Complete or partial sets of specimens from 289 elk collected between December 1991 and January 1993 were examined histologically: no mycobacterial lesions were observed. Lesions of tuberculosis were not detected in tonsils or lymph nodes of the head from an additional 99 hunter-killed, adult elk from one area (area 2) collected in January 1995. Neither M. bovis nor M. paratuberculosis were isolated from any of the specimens cultured. Antibodies to Brucella abortus were detected in serum samples from 0%, 1%, and 1% of elk from three areas sampled (areas 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from multiple tissues from one seropositive animal from area 3. Larvae with morphology consistent with Dictyocaulus sp. were found in 12%, 14%, and 0% of fecal specimens tested from areas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and Actinomyces pyogenes were isolated from a lung with purulent bronchopneumonia and abseesses. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Rhyan, J C AU - Aune, K AU - Ewalt AU - Marquardt, J AU - Mertins, J W AU - Payeur, J B AU - Saari, DA AU - Schladweiler, P AU - Sheehan, E J AU - Worley, D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, P.O. Box 844, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 290 EP - 298 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Cervus elaphus-nelsoni KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Brucella abortus KW - Actinomyces pyogenes KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - USA, Montana KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Survey+of+free-ranging+elk+from+Wyoming+and+Montana+for+selected+pathogens&rft.au=Rhyan%2C+J+C%3BAune%2C+K%3BEwalt%3BMarquardt%2C+J%3BMertins%2C+J+W%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BSaari%2C+DA%3BSchladweiler%2C+P%3BSheehan%2C+E+J%3BWorley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Rhyan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Brucella abortus; Pasteurella multocida; Actinomyces pyogenes; USA, Montana; USA, Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host specificity of Coniatus tamarisci (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from France: Potential biological control agent of Tamarix spp. in the United States AN - 16033642; 4086580 AB - The feeding behavior and host specificity of Coniatus tamarisci F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Hyperini) were studied in southern France. The results of the experiments and observations supported the potential of this species and its safe use as a biological control agent for saltcedar, Tamarix ramosissima Ledebourg, in North America. Adults and larvae fed on saltcedar buds, leaves, and stems during the entire vegetative phase of the host plant, limiting its growth. Under no-choice, starvation conditions on caged plants, adult feeding and oviposition were restricted to species in the genus Tamarix and to the closely related Myricaria germanica (L.) Desvaux, also belonging to the family Tamaricaceae. The heaviest damage and oviposition were on saltcedar, and feeding was light on T. aphylla (L.) Karsten. Among the species tested, the weevil completed its development only on saltcedar and M. germanica and not on T. aphylla or T. parviflora DC. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fornasari, L AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA-ARS, BP 4168-Agropolis, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 349 EP - 356 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Coniatus tamarisci KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tamarix KW - biological control KW - France KW - USA KW - Curculionidae KW - host specificity KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+specificity+of+Coniatus+tamarisci+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+from+France%3A+Potential+biological+control+agent+of+Tamarix+spp.+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tamarix; Curculionidae; France; USA; biological control; host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercontinental differences in the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Escape from natural enemies? AN - 16033315; 4086586 AB - The absence of natural enemies often allows exotic pests to reach densities that are much higher than normally occur in their native habitats. When Solenopsis fire ants were introduced into the United States, their numerous natural enemies were left behind in South America. To compare intercontinental fire ant densities, we selected 13 areas in South America and another 12 areas in North America. Sample areas were paired with weather stations and distributed across a broad range of climatic conditions. In each area, we measured fire ant densities at 5 preselected roadside sites that were at least 5 km apart. At each site, we also measured foraging activity, checked for polygyne colonies, and recorded various kinds of environmental data. In most areas, we also measured fire ant densities in lawns and grazing land. Fire ant populations along roadsides in North America were 4-7 times higher than fire ant populations in South America. Similar intercontinental differences were found in lawns and on grazing lands. These intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance were not associated with sampling conditions, seasonal variability, habitat differences, or the frequency of polygyny. Although several correlations were found with long-term weather conditions, careful inspection of the data suggests that these correlations were probably more coincidental than causal. Cultural differences in roadside maintenance may explain some of the intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance, but they did not account for equivalent intercontinental differences in grazing land and mowed lawns. Bait tests showed that competition with other ants was much more important in South America; however, we were not able to determine whether this was a major cause of intercontinental differences or largely a consequence of other factors such as the numerous pathogens and parasites that are found in South America. Because this study was correlational, we were unable to determine the cause(s) of the large intercontinental difference in fire ant abundance that we observed. However, we were able to largely exclude a number of possible explanations for the differences, including sampling, season, polygyny, climate, and aspects of habitat. By a process of elimination, escape from natural enemies remains among the most likely explanations for the unusually high densities of fire ants found in North America. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Porter, S D AU - Williams, D F AU - Patterson, R S AU - Fowler, H G AD - Cent. for Med., Agric. and Veterinary Entomol., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 373 EP - 384 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - geographical variations KW - exotic species KW - natural enemies KW - Solenopsis KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intercontinental+differences+in+the+abundance+of+Solenopsis+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29%3A+Escape+from+natural+enemies%3F&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BPatterson%2C+R+S%3BFowler%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis; Formicidae; population density; natural enemies; exotic species; geographical variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractiveness of synthetic corn volatiles to feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16028560; 4095134 AB - Synthetic corn volatiles and selected analogues were tested in corn fields for attractiveness to feral adults of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Attractiveness of test compounds was compared with that of reference standards, geranylacetone and (+)- alpha -terpineol for northern and western corn rootworm, respectively, and with two structural isomers of the reference standards, nerylacetone and (+)- alpha -terpinen-4-ol, which were the only test compounds not reported from corn. Compounds attractive to northern corn rootworms included nerylacetone, linalool, and geranyl acetate, although the best captures were only approximately 20% of those on traps baited with the geranylacetone reference standard. Linalool proved to be an effective western corn rootworm attractant that captured as many females as the (+)- alpha -terpineol reference standard. Methyl salicylate also showed moderate attractiveness to western corn rootworm females. Marginal captures (but statistically higher than control) of western corn rootworm females occurred on traps baited with nerylacetone, geranyl acetate, geraniol, and (-)- alpha -pinene. Linalool was the only new compound to attract western corn rootworm males, but the highest capture was only about twice that of control. Compounds that failed to attract either species or sex in numbers significantly exceeding control were (+)- alpha -terpinen-4-ol, (+)- alpha -pinene, carvacrol, thymol, and 1-octen-3-ol. Kairomonal attractants so far identified for corn rootworm adults generally are widely distributed in nature and thus unlikely to account for specificity of host-finding responses except as components of unique odorant blends. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hammack, L AD - Northern Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 311 EP - 317 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Zea mays KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - attractancy KW - volatiles KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Attractiveness+of+synthetic+corn+volatiles+to+feral+northern+and+western+corn+rootworm+beetles+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Zea mays; volatiles; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatially distributed sensible heat flux over a semiarid watershed. Part II: Use of a variable resistance approach with radiometric surface temperatures AN - 16026311; 4092796 AB - Radiometric surface temperature images from aircraft observations over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed, were used with ground-based meteorological data at a reference site for extrapolating estimates of surface sensible heat flux across the basin. Two approaches were used. One method assumed that the resistance to heat transport and other meteorological data at a reference site were constant over the watershed. This resulted in a simple scheme (constant resistance approach) for computing spatially distributed sensible heat flux since the variation in sensible heat flux was directly proportional to surface temperature differences from the reference site. The second approach (the variable resistance approach) used spatially distributed estimates of the surface roughness for momentum and heat, as well as air temperature and wind speed. The sensible heat flux values derived by both techniques were compared to measurements made at several other locations in the watershed for three different days. The environmental conditions for these days ranged from uniformly dry surface soil moisture to variably wet conditions caused by several high intensity and spatially variable rainfall events. Comparisons between these two schemes with observations indicated that the more detailed method of accounting for changes in surface roughness over the basin gave significantly better agreement than the simpler scheme. The average percentage of difference with measured values was 30% for the constant resistance approach compared to approximately 20% for the variable resistance method. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Kustas, W P AU - Humes, K S AD - USDA/ARS Hydrol. Lab., Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 293 EP - 301 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - sensible heat flux KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - fluctuations KW - spatial distribution KW - comparison studies KW - semiarid lands KW - resistance KW - watersheds KW - radiometry KW - heat KW - temperature KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16026311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Spatially+distributed+sensible+heat+flux+over+a+semiarid+watershed.+Part+II%3A+Use+of+a+variable+resistance+approach+with+radiometric+surface+temperatures&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BHumes%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - comparison studies; semiarid lands; watersheds; spatial distribution; heat; fluctuations; radiometry; resistance; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some problems associated with the use of well water in hatching eggs and holding fish AN - 16025797; 4076954 AB - Well water is the main source of water for hatching fish eggs and holding fish in vats or tanks. In regions with abundant ground water, well water is dependable and the temperature is relatively constant. It is usually free of pollutants, suspended material, predatory organisms, and fish disease pathogens. However, in some fish production areas the well water can contain high levels of ammonia, iron, and carbon dioxide, low levels of dissolved oxygen and calcium (a hardness component), or acidic waters that can react with certain metal pipes or vats causing harm to fish and eggs. This article discusses fluctuations in the quality of water from wells, some problems associated with well water usage and management techniques to overcome these problems. JF - Aquaculture Magazine AU - Mitchell, A J AU - Bo Collins, C AD - Agric. Res. Serv. USDA P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AK, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 91 EP - 94 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0199-1388, 0199-1388 KW - fish culture KW - fish eggs KW - wells KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.atitle=Some+problems+associated+with+the+use+of+well+water+in+hatching+eggs+and+holding+fish&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+A+J%3BBo+Collins%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.issn=01991388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; fish culture; fish eggs; wells; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the hazard to granivorous birds feeding on chemically treated seeds AN - 16023287; 4085131 AB - Current methods for evaluating hazards to seed-eating birds are based on estimated exposure per unit area and assume that birds ingest all of the chemical on a treated seed. In an earlier study, however, it was determined that red-winged blackbirds removed only about 15% of an insecticidal treatment applied to individual rice seeds. Here, we extend those findings by examining the seed-handling behavior of four granivorous bird species exposed to millet, rice, sunflower and sorghum treated with imidacloprid. Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura L.) swallowed the seed whole. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus Mueller), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major Vieillot) discarded the seed hulls, however, and removed only 15-40% of the initial chemical treatment. Residues on seed hulls decreased as handling time increased. Sunflowers had the lowest residues because birds repeatedly handled the hull to remove bits of the oily kernel. These results suggest that avian hazard assessment methods should incorporate species-typical seed-handling behavior to assess more accurately birds' exposure to chemicals on different types of seed. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Avery, M L AU - Fischer, D L AU - Primus, T M AD - USDA, National Wildlife Research Center, 2820 E. University Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 362 EP - 366 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - imidacloprid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Carpodacus mexicanus KW - Zenaida macroura KW - risk assessment KW - seeds KW - pesticides KW - Quiscalus major KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16023287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+hazard+to+granivorous+birds+feeding+on+chemically+treated+seeds&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BFischer%2C+D+L%3BPrimus%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zenaida macroura; Carpodacus mexicanus; Agelaius phoeniceus; Quiscalus major; seeds; pesticides; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence and relative activities of stilbene optical brighteners as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus AN - 16018188; 4091207 AB - Eight structurally related stilbene optical brighteners were compared as enhancers for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV). Five of the 8 brighteners acted as activity enhancers (Blankophor HRS, P167, BBH, RKH, and Tinopal LPW); but Blankophor BSU, DML, and LPG did not enhance the activity of LdNPV. The most effective brighteners (BBH, RKH, and LPW) reduced LC sub(50)s from 800- to 1,300-fold. LT sub(50)s were influenced by some brighteners (HRS, LPW, BBH, RKH) but not by others (LPG, DML, BSU). All 8 brighteners exhibited fluorescence, which was concentration dependent. The most fluorescent brighteners were LPW, BBH, RKH, and P167, and the least fluorescent brighteners were LPG and DML. In general, the most active brighteners (i.e., those exhibiting the greatest viral enhancement) tended to exhibit the greatest fluorescence, and the least active brighteners tended to exhibit the least fluorescence. Although pHs of the brighteners ranged from 7 to 10, no correlation was found between pH and activity enhancement. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Argauer, R AU - Shapiro, M AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 416 EP - 420 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - optical brighteners KW - Lymantria dispara KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - pathogens KW - baculovirus KW - fluorescence KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fluorescence+and+relative+activities+of+stilbene+optical+brighteners+as+enhancers+for+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+baculovirus&rft.au=Argauer%2C+R%3BShapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Argauer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baculovirus; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; fluorescence; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of PCR primers from internal transcribed spacer region 2 for detection of Phytophthora species infecting potatoes AN - 16013797; 4088810 AB - We developed PCR primers and assay methods to detect and differentiate three Phytophthora species which infect potatoes and cause late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and pink rot (P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae) diseases. Primers based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer region 2 of ribosomal DNA produced PCR products of 456 bp (P. infestans), 136 bp (P. erythroseptica), and 455 bp (P. nicotianae) and were used to detect the pathogens in potato leaf (P. infestans) and tuber (P. infestans, P. erythroseptica, and P. nicotianae) tissue with a sensitivity limit of 1 to 10 pg of DNA. Leaf and tuber tissue were processed for PCR by a rapid NaOH method as well as a method based on the use of commercially available ion-exchange columns. P. infestans primers and the rapid NaOH extraction method were used to detect late blight in artificially and naturally infected tubers of potato cultivar Red LaSoda. In sampling studies, P. infestans was detected by PCR from artificially infected tubers at 4 days postinoculation, before any visible symptoms were present. The PCR assay and direct tissue extraction methods provide tools which may be used to detect Phytophthora pathogens in potato seedlots and storages and thus limit the transmission and spread of new, aggressive strains of P. infestans in U.S. potato-growing regions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tooley, P W AU - Bunyard, BA AU - Carras, M M AU - Hatziloukas, E AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Bldg. 1301, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1467 EP - 1475 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blight KW - rot KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - late blight KW - spacer region KW - DNA KW - Phytophthora KW - pink rot KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+PCR+primers+from+internal+transcribed+spacer+region+2+for+detection+of+Phytophthora+species+infecting+potatoes&rft.au=Tooley%2C+P+W%3BBunyard%2C+BA%3BCarras%2C+M+M%3BHatziloukas%2C+E&rft.aulast=Tooley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; Solanum tuberosum; DNA; spacer region; polymerase chain reaction; blight; late blight; pink rot; rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed germination regulation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) and its ecological significance AN - 16012559; 4081169 AB - Bromus tectorum is a winter annual grass that has become extensively naturalized in western North America. Its seeds are usually at least conditionally dormant at dispersal and lose dormancy through dry afterripening. Germination response to temperature for recently harvested seeds and rate of change in germination response during afterripening were examined for collections from 21 western North American populations representing a wide array of habitats. Analysis of variance showed highly significant among-population differences in germination response variables. Principal components analysis of 20 germination variables revealed groups of populations that could be characterized by distinct response syndromes. Degree of dormancy at summer temperatures in recently harvested seeds as well as rate of dormancy loss during dry storage could be related to the risk of premature summer germination in different habitats. Mojave Desert populations showed the most clearly differentiated response. Populations from Intermountain desert and foothill habitats showed intermediate responses and did not form distinct groups. Montane populations showed the widest variation. Fully afterripened seeds from all populations were nondormant and could germinate quickly across a wide temperature range. These results demonstrate the existence of adaptively significant variation in germination response. Such variation probably represents the beginning of genetic differentiation as a result of selection among and within founder populations. Lack of a consistent relationship with habitat reflects the stochastic nature of colonization and the fact that diverse germination strategies may permit persistence, especially in less extreme habitats. JF - Oikos AU - Meyer, SE AU - Allen, P A AU - Beckstead, J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Shrub Sci. Lab., Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 475 EP - 485 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - seed germination KW - Bromus tectorum KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16012559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Seed+germination+regulation+in+Bromus+tectorum+%28Poaceae%29+and+its+ecological+significance&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BAllen%2C+P+A%3BBeckstead%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; USA; seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progeny allocation by the parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Diptera: Tachinidae) in larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16010296; 4080996 AB - Field-collected Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) larvae always produce small brood sizes of the gregarious parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Riley) (1-2 progeny). To further investigate this finding we characterized life history attributes of the parasitoid's offspring in different host instars in the laboratory. Changes in offspring fitness and mortality and rate of successful parasitization can indicate opportunities for tachinids to influence fitness of their progeny. Effects of host instar and parasitoid brood size on parasitoid survival, development, size, and fecundity were investigated. Fecundity was indirectly assessed by measuring parasitoid puparial weight; female puparial weight and egg load are positively correlated. L. archippivora is able to successfully parasitize all investigated instars of S. exigua. The percentage of hosts yielding puparia was highest (95.1%) in 4th instars; it was only 65.5% in prepupal stages of the host. Lower parasitoid emergence rates in younger host instars were caused by higher host survival or premature host mortality. Parasitoid puparial weight decreased with increasing brood size but was not affected by host instar when equal brood sizes were compared. Parasitoid puparial weight from broods of 2 offspring was significantly reduced in broods of 2 female progeny compared with that of females from mixed sex broods of 2 progeny. Progeny allocation of L. archippivora and fitness consequences associated with that allocation are independent of host size. We conclude that by consistently allotting small broods to hosts, L. archippivora adults may reduce strong competition between offspring and maximize successful parasitization, thereby resulting in highly fit females. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Stapel, JO AU - Ruberson, J R AU - Gross, HR Jr AU - Lewis, W J AD - Insect Biol. and Population Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lespesia archippivora KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sex ratio KW - parasitoids KW - reproductive effort KW - Tachinidae KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Progeny+allocation+by+the+parasitoid+Lespesia+archippivora+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29+in+larvae+of+Spodoptera+exigua+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Stapel%2C+JO%3BRuberson%2C+J+R%3BGross%2C+HR+Jr%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Stapel&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tachinidae; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; parasitoids; sex ratio; reproductive effort ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a rhizobacterium AN - 16009006; 4084480 AB - Field releases of the wild-type plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-27, its bioluminescent derivative GEM-8 (89B-27::Tn4431), and a spontaneous rifampin-resistant variant (R34) were established on cucumber in 1994 and 1995 to examine the efficiency of these marker systems for estimating the wild-type population. Seed and root samples were taken 0, 7, 14, 21 or 28, 35 or 42, and 70 days after planting in each year and processed for enumeration by spiral plating or immunofluorescent colony staining (IFC). In both years, the populations of 89B-27, R34, and GEM-8, as measured by IFC, were not significantly different from each other at each sampling time. However, the populations of R34 and GEM-8, as measured by spiral plating and differentiation based on their respective phenotypes, were significantly lower than the wild-type populations and their IFC-determined populations. These data indicate that traditional marker systems may underestimate populations and hence the survival and colonization of genetically marked bacteria. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Mahaffee, W F AU - Bauske, E M AU - Van-Vuurde, JWL AU - Van-Der-Wolf, J M AU - Van-Den-Brink, M AU - Kloepper, J W AD - USDA-ARS, Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1617 EP - 1622 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cloning KW - staining KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - environmental monitoring KW - antibiotic resistance KW - immunofluorescence KW - bioluminescence KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16009006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+antibiotic+resistance%2C+immunofluorescent+colony+staining%2C+and+a+transgenic+marker+%28bioluminescence%29+for+monitoring+the+environmental+fate+of+a+rhizobacterium&rft.au=Mahaffee%2C+W+F%3BBauske%2C+E+M%3BVan-Vuurde%2C+JWL%3BVan-Der-Wolf%2C+J+M%3BVan-Den-Brink%2C+M%3BKloepper%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Mahaffee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; staining; antibiotic resistance; immunofluorescence; bioluminescence; Pseudomonas fluorescens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to decrease its intracellular pH and resist the toxicity of acetic acid AN - 16007776; 4083079 AB - Batch cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 grew well in an anaerobic glucose medium at pH 5.9, but even small amounts of acetate (20 mM) inhibited growth and fermentation. E. coli O157:H7 was at least fourfold more resistant to acetate than K-12. Continuous cultures of E. coli K-12 (pH 5.9, dilution rate 0.085 h super(-1)) did not wash out until the sodium acetate concentration in the input medium was 80 mM, whereas E. coli O157:H7 persisted until the sodium acetate concentration was 160 mM. E. coli K-12 cells accumulated as much as 500 mM acetate, but the intracellular acetate concentration of O157:H7 was never greater than 300 mM. Differences in acetate accumulation could be explained by intracellular pH and the transmembrane pH gradient (pH). E. coli K-12 maintained a more or less constant Delta pH (intracellular pH 6.8), but E. coli O157:H7 let its Delta pH decrease from 0.9 to 0.2 units as sodium acetate was added to the medium. Sodium acetate increased the rate of glucose consumption, but there was little evidence to support the idea that acetate was creating a futile cycle of protons. Increases in glucose consumption rate could be explained by increases in D-lactate production and decreases in ATP production. Intracellular acetate was initially lower than the amount predicted by ApH, but intracellular acetate and Delta pH were in equilibrium when the external acetate concentrations were high. Based on these results, the acetate tolerance of O157:H7 can be explained by fundamental differences in metabolism and intracellular pH regulation. By decreasing the intracellular pH and producing large amounts of D-lactate, O157:H7 is able to decrease Delta pH and prevent toxic accumulations of intracellular acetate anion. JF - Microbiology AU - Diez-Gonzalez, F AU - Russell, J B AD - Sect. Microbiol., Cornell Univ., and Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1180 VL - 143 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1028, 0002-1028 KW - resistance KW - O157:H7 KW - acetic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - pH KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16007776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+ability+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+to+decrease+its+intracellular+pH+and+resist+the+toxicity+of+acetic+acid&rft.au=Diez-Gonzalez%2C+F%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Diez-Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00021028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification distributions in four valley and ridge riparian ecosystems AN - 16002608; 4072556 AB - Denitrification in riparian ecosystems can reduce the amount of nitrogen transported from farm fields to streams. In this study, we examine denitrification in four riparian ecosystems common to the Valley and Ridge physiographic province in Pennsylvania, USA. The sites exhibit different vegetation, are underlain by different rock types, and are downgradient of farm fields. Mean site denitrification rates ranging from 0.6 to 1.9 mu g N/kg soil/day were measured using intact core incubation techniques. The three riparian sites covered with grass each exhibited greater denitrification rates than the wooded site. Denitrification rate was correlated with moisture content but not with nitrate-N or organic carbon contents. Denitrification rates were greatest near the soil surface and at positions nearest the stream. Rates decreased uniformly with distance away from the stream and also with depth in the soil for each site. While patterns of nitrate-N, moisture, and organic carbon content differ among the sites, their combined effects on denitrification support the observed, consistent denitrification rate pattern. JF - Environmental Management AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Shaffer, JA AU - Stout, W L AU - Cornish, L F AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Syst. and Watershed Manage. Lab., Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 283 EP - 290 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - agricultural runoff KW - groundwater KW - nonpoint pollution KW - self purification KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - denitrification KW - pollution control KW - rivers KW - riparian environments KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - D 04315:Riverbasins KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16002608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Denitrification+distributions+in+four+valley+and+ridge+riparian+ecosystems&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+R+R%3BShaffer%2C+JA%3BStout%2C+W+L%3BCornish%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - riparian environments; self purification; agricultural runoff; denitrification; ecosystems; rivers; pollution control; streams; groundwater; nonpoint pollution; USA, Pennsylvania; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The population genetics of Phytophthora AN - 15997088; 4076634 JF - Phytopathology AU - Goodwin, S B AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Botany and Plant Pathol., 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 462 EP - 473 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - soil-borne diseases KW - population genetics KW - genetic variance KW - Phytophthora KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - G 07290:Population genetics KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15997088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+population+genetics+of+Phytophthora&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; population genetics; soil-borne diseases; genetic variance; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient variation in the infiltration rate during measurement with tension infiltrometers AN - 15996513; 4080322 AB - Tension infiltrometers have been used extensively to determine soil hydraulic properties, but the validity of short-term, quasi-steady-state measurements has been questioned. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of short-term measurements by monitoring 100 min of tension infiltration. In September 1991, six replicate measurements were made, without preponding, at each of two negative heads (-30 and -60 mm) using a small base (76 mm) infiltrometer. In August 1992, two replicate measurements were made at the same two negative heads, both with and without preponding, for both 76- and 230-mm base infiltrometers. Measurements were also made at a head of -150 mm using the small base infiltrometers, with no preponding. The infiltration rates across the measurement time were variable, both increasing and decreasing. In two cases, extreme variation in the applied negative head may have contributed to the variation in infiltration rate, but for the other 28 cases, the applied head variation did not influence the infiltration rate variation. Temperature changes during the measurements were small compared with temperature difference between the two measurement dates. Other factors, such as poor wettability attributable to water repellency, heterogeneous soil structure, and/or changes in soil-structure during the measurement, probably contributed to the transient infiltration rate variations. The magnitude of transient infiltration rate variation should be observed relative to spatial and temporal variations. JF - Soil Science AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 233 EP - 241 VL - 162 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - tension infiltrometers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil physical properties KW - monitoring KW - data acquisition KW - variability KW - data interpretation KW - hydraulic properties KW - infiltrometers KW - infiltration rate KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Transient+variation+in+the+infiltration+rate+during+measurement+with+tension+infiltrometers&rft.au=Logsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - variability; infiltration rate; infiltrometers; monitoring; data interpretation; data acquisition; soil physical properties; hydraulic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy AN - 15995538; 4080040 AB - A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic method for measuring norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspurs was developed. Alkaloids were isolated from dry plant material using a simplified extraction procedure and quantitated using FT-IR. Calibration of the method was made from selected larkspur samples with known alkaloid levels determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and gravimetric methods. Thirty-nine samples from three different larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, D. glaucescens, and D. occidentale) were analysed to demonstrate the ability of the FT-IR method to measure toxic and total alkaloid concentrations in these plants. JF - Phytochemical Analysis AU - Gardner AU - Manners, G D AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 55 EP - 62 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0958-0344, 0958-0344 KW - measuring techniques KW - alkaloids KW - Delphinium glaucescens KW - methyllycaconitine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - spectroscopy KW - X 24172:Plants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15995538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemical+Analysis&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+in+larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+by+Fourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy&rft.au=Gardner%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemical+Analysis&rft.issn=09580344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; spectroscopy; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and nectariless cotton on insect populations with emphasis on the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) AN - 15993447; 4075603 AB - Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic and nectariless cottons with non-B. thuringiensis commercial varieties > 2-yr showed no significant differences in number of beneficials, bollworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] eggs, fruiting sites per plant, and percentage square set. Significantly more tarnished plant bugs, Lugus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and percentage of crazy cotton were observed in B. thuringiensis 757 (Coker 312 background in 1994) and in Coker 312 variety in 1995 compared with other varieties, suggesting no effect of B. thuringiensis gene insertion in cotton on the number of tarnished plant bugs. Transgenic cotton had significantly fewer bollworms and budworms, cabbage loopers [Trichoplusia ni (Huebner)], and percentage of damaged squares than the other varieties, 75% as many beet armyworms [Spodoptera exigua (Huebner)], and had no effect on fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)]. The transgenic character itself did not cause an increase of any insect population, but consultants and producers are encouraged to monitor other insect pests, especially boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, and tarnished plant bug. These pests may cause economic damage when fewer or no sprays are used for bollworm and budworm in cotton. Nectariless MD51 had fewer plant bugs than other varieties both years, but also lower yield. These results suggest transgenic cotton is a useful tool in the management of certain lepidopterous pests. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hardee, D D AU - Bryan, W W AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - pest control KW - transgenic plants KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Miridae KW - Noctuidae KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Lygus lineolaris KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15993447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis-transgenic+and+nectariless+cotton+on+insect+populations+with+emphasis+on+the+tarnished+plant+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29&rft.au=Hardee%2C+D+D%3BBryan%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hardee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population levels; transgenic plants; pest control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Noctuidae; Miridae; Lygus lineolaris; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of fungicides on hydrolysis of urea and nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil AN - 15988532; 4073695 AB - The influence of 1 and 50 mg active ingredient (AI) kg super(-1) soil of 17 fungicides on transformations of urea nitrogen in soil was studied by determining the amounts of urea hydrolysed and the amounts of nitrate and nitrite produced when samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils were incubated aerobically for various times after treatment with urea. When applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, anilazine, benomyl, captan, chloranil, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils and maneb retarded urea hydrolysis in all four of the soils used. Most of the fungicides tested retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, but only etridiazole markedly retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in all of the soils used when applied at this rate. When the fungicides were applied at the rate of 50 mg AI kg super(-1) soil, anilazine, captan, chloranil, fenaminosulf, folpet, maneb, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils studied, and all fungicides tested except chloroneb, fenarimol and iprodione retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in these soils. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 17 fungicides tested on nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil increased with decrease in the organic-matter content and increase in the sand content of the soil. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Martens, DA AU - Bremner, J M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 344 EP - 352 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - urea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - nitrification KW - inhibitors KW - hydrolysis KW - fungicides KW - soil KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+fungicides+on+hydrolysis+of+urea+and+nitrification+of+urea+nitrogen+in+soil&rft.au=Martens%2C+DA%3BBremner%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungicides; hydrolysis; inhibitors; nitrification; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction AN - 15985088; 4073680 JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - English, J T AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 446 EP - 447 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - reviews KW - soil-borne diseases KW - population genetics KW - fungi KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BEnglish%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil-borne diseases; population genetics; fungi; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction costs for some aquatic plants AN - 15976615; 4071996 AB - Resource allocation reflects a plant's response to its environment and affects its overall growth and performance in a particular habitat. We measured ash, C, N, and caloric content for various parts of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton nodosus Poir., P. gramineus L., and P. pectinatus L. Mean ash content of vegetative propagules ranged from 2.96 to 5.46%, lower than values previously reported for aquatic plant shoots. Potamogeton propagule C and N contents were greater than those of Hydrilla propagules. Mean propagule caloric content ranged from 3753 to 4198 cal g super(-1) and construction costs from 1.00 to 1.12 g glucose g super(-1). They were similar to or slightly greater than those for shoots or leaves. Construction costs for leaves of eight aquatic species averaged 1.02 g glucose g super(-1). Vegetative propagules had sink strengths similar to those of shoots. H. verticillata, P. pectinatus, and P. gramineus were grown in a greenhouse with different levels of N in the water column. In this experiment, P. pectinatus and H. verticillata roots had higher construction costs than shoots whereas P. gramineus did not. Only the costs for P. pectinatus shoots and roots were affected by the N level in the water column. Construction costs for aquatic plant vegetative propagules, shoots, and roots were lower than similarly calculated values published for roots, stems and leaves of terrestrial plants, in agreement with expectations based on the structural characteristics of leaves and stems of aquatic plants. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ryan, F J AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 203 EP - 214 VL - 56 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - bioenergetics KW - construction costs KW - plant growth KW - plant physiology KW - turions KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - roots KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - leaves KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15976615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Construction+costs+for+some+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BRyan%2C+F+J%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - roots; plant growth; aquatic plants; plant physiology; bioenergetics; turions; leaves; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus AN - 15970672; 4067430 AB - Recent studies have shown that at least 17 genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are clustered within a 75-kb DNA fragment in the genome of Aspergillus parasiticus. Several additional transcripts have also been mapped to this gene cluster. A gene, avnA (previously named ord-1), corresponding to one of the two transcripts identified earlier between the ver-1 and omtA genes on the gene cluster was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the avnA gene contains a coding region for a protein of 495 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 56.3 kDa. The gene consists of three exons and two introns. Disruption of the avnA gene in the wild-type aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus strain (SU1-N3) resulted in a nonaflatoxigenic mutant which accumulated a bright yellow pigment. Thin-layer chromatographic studies with six different solvent systems showed that the migration patterns of the accumulated metabolite were identical to those of averantin, a known aflatoxin precursor. Precursor feeding studies with this mutant showed that norsolorinic acid and averantin were not converted to aflatoxin whereas 5'-hydroxyaverantin, averufanin, averufin, versicolorin A, sterigmatocystin, and O-methylsterigmatocystin were converted to aflatoxins. Southern blot analysis of the wild-type strain and avnA-disrupted mutant strain indicated that the avnA gene was disrupted in the mutant strain. A search of the GenBank database for similarity indicated that the avnA gene encodes a cytochrome P-450-type monooxygenase, and it has been assigned to a new P-450 gene family named CYP60A1. We have therefore concluded that the avnA gene encodes a fungal cytochrome P-450-type enzyme which is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in A. parasiticus. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P-K AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Cent., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1349 EP - 1356 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - avnA gene KW - cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - mutation KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=avnA%2C+a+gene+encoding+a+cytochrome+P-450+monooxygenase%2C+is+involved+in+the+conversion+of+averantin+to+averufin+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P-K%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus parasiticus; nucleotide sequence; mutation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping and enzyme characterization of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from pneumonic lungs of stressed feeder calves AN - 15967397; 4062770 AB - Ninety-one isolates of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) and 124 of Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph) were recovered from the lungs of calves that died of bovine respiratory tract disease (BRTD). Nine Pm enzyme profiles (A through I) and 9 Ph enzyme profiles (J through R) were determined for the Pasteurella isolates. The Pm isolates were relatively evenly divided among the enzyme profiles, with one exception, profile I. The Ph isolates were not evenly distributed among the profiles. Fifty of the 91 Pm isolates were serotyped. Forty-two Pm isolates were positive for capsule type A, and 8 were untypable. Five somatic type antigen profiles (3: 3,4; 3,7; 3,4,7; and 4) were identified among the 50 serotyped Pm isolates; one isolate was untypable. The Ph isolates were further divided through serotyping and grouped as follows: 74 (60%) Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (PhA1), 12 (10%) PhA2, 4 (3%) PhA5, and 34 (27%) PhA6. Eighty-one percent of the Ph serotypes were clustered in the M and N enzyme profile. The P enzyme profile was almost unique to PhA2 (8 of 12, 67% of PhA2 isolates). Results of this study indicate a need to collect more data on Ph serotypes at the state veterinary diagnostic laboratories. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Purdy, C W AU - Raleigh, R H AU - Collins, J K AU - Watts, J L AU - Straus, D C AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 244 EP - 249 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - lung KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - serotyping KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - enzymes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15967397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serotyping+and+enzyme+characterization+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+and+Pasteurella+multocida+isolates+recovered+from+pneumonic+lungs+of+stressed+feeder+calves&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BRaleigh%2C+R+H%3BCollins%2C+J+K%3BWatts%2C+J+L%3BStraus%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida; lung; respiratory tract diseases; enzymes; serotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of numerical procedures for gate stroking AN - 15958082; 4062127 AB - A study was conducted to compare three existing solution methods for the inverse problem of unsteady open-channel flow (i.e., gate stroking). Both the accuracy of the results and the robustness of the methods were examined. Similar solutions were computed with a method-of-characteristics and an implicit finite-difference model, except under extreme transients, in which case the method-of-characteristics model performed better. However, the characteristic model was unable to find a solution for some proposed examples. An explicit finite-difference model was also examined and, although it produced satisfactory results for some examples, it is inherently unstable. A nonlinear, implicit finite-difference gate-stroking method was developed, which was sufficiently accurate and more robust than the existing methods. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bautista, E AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Strelkoff, T AD - U.S. Dep. Agr.-Agric. Res. Serv. (USDA-ARS), U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - gate stroking KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - finite difference methods KW - comparison studies KW - numerical analysis KW - unsteady flow KW - mathematical models KW - open-channel flow KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15958082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+numerical+procedures+for+gate+stroking&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BStrelkoff%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - finite difference methods; comparison studies; numerical analysis; open-channel flow; mathematical models; unsteady flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WEPP-predicting water erosion using a process-based model AN - 15949188; 4055798 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Laflen, J M AU - Elliot, W J AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Meyer, C R AU - Nearing, MA AD - Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 96 EP - 102 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - WEPP KW - process-based model KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - mathematical equations KW - computer models KW - prediction KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15949188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=WEPP-predicting+water+erosion+using+a+process-based+model&rft.au=Laflen%2C+J+M%3BElliot%2C+W+J%3BFlanagan%2C+D+C%3BMeyer%2C+C+R%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Laflen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical equations; prediction; erosion; computer models; soil erosion; sediment transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl bromide emissions from agricultural fields: Bare-soil, deep injection AN - 15947743; 4056620 AB - The environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide (MeBr) in an agricultural field after deep injection (68 cm) is described and compared to a recent experiment where MeBr was injected at a shallow (25 cm) depth, and the surface was covered with high-density polyethylene plastic. Three independent methods were used to estimate the total MeBr lost after application, i.e., the appearance of soil Br super(-), the flux chamber, and micrometeorological methods. Peak MeBr volatilization rates occurred during the first 24 h, but relatively high rates continued for more than 7 days after application. Diurnally, the largest volatilization rates occurred from midnight to early morning during periods of decreasing barometric pressure, and the volatilization rate decreased when the barometric pressure was increasing. Due to deep injection, cooler temperatures, and smaller thermal gradients, the total MeBr mass emitted from the field was significantly less than a previous experiment. The total emissions estimate obtained from the Br super(-) data was 239 kg or 21%. The estimates obtained from the direct flux measurements were found to range from 1.9% to 4.9%. The percent mass recovery ranged from 81% to 84% of the applied mass, with an average value of 82%. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Yates AU - Wang, D AU - Ernst, F F AU - Gan, J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1136 EP - 1143 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emission measurements KW - agrochemicals KW - temperature KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Methyl+bromide+emissions+from+agricultural+fields%3A+Bare-soil%2C+deep+injection&rft.au=Yates%3BWang%2C+D%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BGan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; emission measurements; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serological identification AN - 15944924; 4053060 AB - Salmonella enterica grown on solid medium containing iron, thiosulfate and 100 mM hexoses and amino acids underwent cell surface differentiation involving increased flagellation (electrophoretic isotypes 60, 54 and 50 kDa), conversion from rough to smooth lipopolysaccharide, and assembly of a matrix that penetrated 1.4% agar. Flagellation was also induced in the avian pathogen S. enterica var pullorum, which is diagnostically defined as aflagellate. Induction correlated closely with a simple colonial color change when Hektoen Enteric agar was used as the basal growth medium. Group D1 egg-contaminating Salmonella grown under inducing conditions deviated from their expected H-antigen immunoreactivity, suggesting possible consequences for the interpretation of the Kauffman-White identification scheme. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Guard-Petter, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, ARS-SEPRL, 934 College Station Drive, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 173 EP - 180 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - chickens KW - egg KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - flagella KW - Salmonella enterica KW - differentiation KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15944924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Induction+of+flagellation+and+a+novel+agar-penetrating+flagellar+structure+in+Salmonella+enterica+grown+on+solid+media%3A+Possible+consequences+for+serological+identification&rft.au=Guard-Petter%2C+J&rft.aulast=Guard-Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; flagella; differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulated stand characteristics and wood product yields from Douglas-fir plantations managed for ecosystem objectives AN - 15942991; 4053092 AB - Hundreds of thousands of hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in coastal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest were established over the past 40 years. Density management regimes designed to increase structural and compositional diversity in these plantations are being tested and implemented on an operational scale. These regimes are designed to promote various tree and stand characteristics, such as trees with large limbs, stands with multi-layered canopies, and dense unthinned patches. Changes in management policy associated with these types of regimes raise questions about the potential to manage for both ecosystem values and timber production. We used state-of-the-art models to simulate stand growth and wood product yields under several silvicultural prescriptions. The results indicated that timing and intensity of early thinnings are critical in determining both stand structure and wood quality. We concluded that it should be possible to manage Douglas-fir plantations to provide a high degree of structural diversity and wood products with quality similar to that grown in many industrial plantations. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Barbour, R J AU - Johnston, S AU - Hayes, J P AU - Tucker, G F AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 205 EP - 219 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 91 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - habitat KW - ecosystem management KW - forest practices KW - wildlife KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15942991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Simulated+stand+characteristics+and+wood+product+yields+from+Douglas-fir+plantations+managed+for+ecosystem+objectives&rft.au=Barbour%2C+R+J%3BJohnston%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+J+P%3BTucker%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem management; wildlife; habitat; silviculture; forest practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth AN - 15886595; 4034041 AB - In this article, we discuss four possible mechanisms to explain the patterns of maximum tree height and age-related changes in height growth within a species. Three of these--respiration, nutrient limitation, and genetic changes in meristem tissue--have been discussed in the literature. (The respiration and nutrient limitation mechanisms were developed to explain patterns of whole tree and stand growth with age, but not tree height specifically.) The fourth, hydraulic limitation, is newer, but we believe that it is the most promising. Accordingly, we examine the hydraulic limitation hypothesis in the most detail. JF - Bioscience AU - Ryan, M G AU - Yoder, B J AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 235 EP - 241 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - hydraulics KW - trees KW - limiting factors KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15886595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+limits+to+tree+height+and+tree+growth&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G%3BYoder%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; limiting factors; growth; hydraulics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate Losses in Runoff and Subsurface Drain Effluent from Controlled-Water-Table Plots AN - 1439231281; 18619756 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Willis, G H AU - Southwick, L M AU - Fouss, J L AU - Carter, CE AU - Rogers, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Research Unit, 4115 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, in cooperation with the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA, US Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 566 EP - 573 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nitrate KW - Contamination KW - Nitrates KW - Effluents KW - Subsurface Drains KW - Drains KW - Runoff KW - Toxicology KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439231281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Nitrate+Losses+in+Runoff+and+Subsurface+Drain+Effluent+from+Controlled-Water-Table+Plots&rft.au=Willis%2C+G+H%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BCarter%2C+CE%3BRogers%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900372 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrates; Effluents; Toxicology; Runoff; Nitrate; Drains; Subsurface Drains; Contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900372 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States AN - 1034828617; 17024723 AB - Forest trees are constantly exposed to various types of natural and anthropogenic stressors. A major long-term goal of our research is to develop a set of early physiological and biochemical markers of stress in trees before the appearance of visual symptoms. Six red spruce (t Picea rubens Sarg.) stands from the northeastern United States were selected for collection of soil and foliage samples. All of the chosen sites had soil solution pH values below 4.0 in the Oa horizon but varied in their geochemistry. Some of these sites were apparently under some form of environmental stress as indicated by a large number of dead and dying red spruce trees. Samples of soil and needles (from apparently healthy red spruce trees) were collected from these sites four times during a two-year period. The needles were analyzed for perchloric acid-soluble polyamines and exchangeable inorganic ions. Soil and soil solution samples from the Oa and B horizons were analyzed for their exchange chemistry. The data showed a strong positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in the needles and in the Oa horizon of the soil. However, needles from trees growing on relatively Ca-rich soils with a low exchangeable Al concentration and a low Al:Ca soil solution ratio had significantly lower concentrations of putrescine and spermidine than those growing on Ca-poor soils with a high exchangeable Al concentration and a high Al:Ca soil solution in the Oa horizon. The magnitude of this change was several fold higher for putrescine concentrations than for spermidine concentrations. Neither putrescine nor spermidine were correlated with soil solution Ca, Mg, and Al concentrations in the B horizon. The putrescine concentrations of the needles always correlated significantly with exchangeable Al (r super(2)=0.73, t p less than or equal to 0.05) and soil solution Al:Ca ratios (r super(2)=0.91, t p less than or equal to 0.01) of the Oa horizon. This suggests that in conjunction with soil chemistry, putrescine and/or spermidine may be used as a potential early indicator of Al stress before the appearance of visual symptoms in red spruce trees. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Minocha, Rakesh AU - Shortle, Walter C AU - Lawrence, Gregory B AU - David, Mark B AU - Minocha, Subhash C AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, PO Box 640, Durham, NH, 03824, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 109 EP - 122 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 191 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Environmental stress KW - Foliage KW - Forests KW - Geochemistry KW - Soil KW - Soil chemistry KW - Stress KW - Trees KW - USA KW - Picea rubens KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034828617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Relationships+among+foliar+chemistry%2C+foliar+polyamines%2C+and+soil+chemistry+in+red+spruce+trees+growing+across+the+northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Minocha%2C+Rakesh%3BShortle%2C+Walter+C%3BLawrence%2C+Gregory+B%3BDavid%2C+Mark+B%3BMinocha%2C+Subhash+C&rft.aulast=Minocha&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004293523185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Foliage; Biochemistry; Trees; Geochemistry; Soil chemistry; Forests; Stress; Environmental stress; Picea rubens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004293523185 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endogenous Levels of Phenolics in Tomato Fruit during Growth and Maturation AN - 907168704; 15570344 AB - Changes in the metabolism of several types of phenolics in the pulp and pericarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit var. Ailsa Craig and Pik-Red were related to the stage of development. The highest levels of chlorogenic acid were found in the pulp and pericarp at the earliest stage of fruit development, and quantities declined rapidly during fruit ripening. Levels of rutin, found only in the pericarp, followed a similar pattern of change. The p-coumaric acid conjugate of rutin was found in low levels through fruit growth and ripening. High levels of p-coumaric acid glucoside were detected in the pulp only as the fruit matured with no rapid decline in levels during ripening. The decline of chlorogenic acid and rutin levels during fruit ripening paralleled the decline in indole-3-acetic acid levels measured previously in the pericarp tissues of these two varieties of tomato fruit during maturation. These phenolics are among those that have been suggested as regulants of auxin metabolism. JF - Journal of Plant Growth Regulation AU - Buta, J G AU - Spaulding, D W AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, US Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 43 EP - 46 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0721-7595, 0721-7595 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Pulp KW - Developmental stages KW - rutin KW - pericarp KW - glucosides KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Ripening KW - chlorogenic acid KW - phenolic compounds KW - Metabolism KW - Auxins KW - p-Coumaric acid KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - W 30930:Agricultural Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907168704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.atitle=Endogenous+Levels+of+Phenolics+in+Tomato+Fruit+during+Growth+and+Maturation&rft.au=Buta%2C+J+G%3BSpaulding%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Buta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Growth+Regulation&rft.issn=07217595&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FPL00006973 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ripening; Fruits; chlorogenic acid; Developmental stages; phenolic compounds; Pulp; rutin; pericarp; glucosides; Auxins; Metabolism; p-Coumaric acid; Lycopersicon esculentum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006973 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern analysis of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus sojae AN - 899159234; 15667227 AB - RNAs from three Aspergillusparasiticus and three Aspergillus sojae isolates were probed with seven genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Previously published work and preliminary work in this study demonstrated that these aflatoxin biosynthesis genes were present in the DNA of the isolates. RNA from aflatoxin-producing and O-methylsterigmatocystin-producing A. parasiticus strains SRRC 143 and SRRC 2043 hybridized to all of the gene probes tested. However, RNA from a strain of A. parasiticus that had lost its ability to produce aflatoxin in culture (SRRC 77) and RNA from one of the A. sojae isolates did not hybridize to any of the gene probes. Two of the A. sojae isolates hybridized to the regulatory gene aflR and the structual gene uvm8, which is believed to code for a fatty acid synthase involved in an early step in aflatoxin biosynthesis, but not to any of the other five genes of the aflatoxin pathway tested. These results suggest that most of the genes involved in aflatoxin production are transcriptionally blocked in A. parasiticus SRRC 77 and all of the A. sojae isolates. The cause of this blockage is unknown. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Klich, MA AU - Montalbano, B AU - Ehrlich, K AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Fax: +504 286 4419 e-mail: mklich[AT]nola.srrc.usda.gov, US PY - 1997 SP - 246 EP - 249 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Aspergillus sojae KW - RNA KW - DNA probes KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA KW - Transcription KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Fatty-acid synthase KW - W 30940:Products KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899159234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Northern+analysis+of+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+genes+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+sojae&rft.au=Klich%2C+MA%3BMontalbano%2C+B%3BEhrlich%2C+K&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530050921 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RNA; DNA probes; DNA; Aflatoxins; Transcription; Fatty-acid synthase; Aspergillus sojae; Aspergillus parasiticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050921 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project AN - 860392637; 13880070 AB - This paper is a review of research in Chicago that linked analyses of vegetation structure with forest functions and values. During 1991, the regions trees removed an estimated 5575 metric tons of air pollutants, providing air cleansing worth 9.2 million. Each year they sequester an estimated 315 800 metric tons of carbon. Increasing tree cover 10% or planting about three trees per building lot saves annual heating and cooling costs by an estimated 50 to 90 per dwelling unit because of increased shade, lower summertime air temperatures, and reduced neighborhood wind speeds once the trees mature. The net present value of the services trees provide is estimated as 402 per planted tree. The present value of long-term benefits is more than twice the present value of costs. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - McPherson, EGregory AU - Nowak, David AU - Heisler, Gordon AU - Grimmond, Sue AU - Souch, Catherine AU - Grant, Rich AU - Rowntree, Rowan AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, co Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 49 EP - 61 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois, Chicago KW - Ecosystems KW - air temperature KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Air temperature KW - Carbon KW - Pollutants KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Planting KW - Wind KW - Shade KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - planting KW - Vegetation KW - Air pollution KW - Reviews KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860392637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Quantifying+urban+forest+structure%2C+function%2C+and+value%3A+the+Chicago+Urban+Forest+Climate+Project&rft.au=McPherson%2C+EGregory%3BNowak%2C+David%3BHeisler%2C+Gordon%3BGrimmond%2C+Sue%3BSouch%2C+Catherine%3BGrant%2C+Rich%3BRowntree%2C+Rowan&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=EGregory&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1014350822458 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Pollutants; Structure-function relationships; Trees; Shade; Reviews; Planting; Climate; Vegetation; Forests; Wind; Air temperature; Air pollution; air temperature; Ecosystems; planting; Velocity; USA, Illinois, Chicago DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014350822458 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - N-nitrosodibenzylamine in boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. AN - 78901380; 9086591 AB - Boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings contain high levels of nitrosamines in the outermost layer. The precursors of the nitrosamines are zinc dibutyl- or dibenzyldithlocarbamate used as a vulcanizing agent in the formulation of the rubber. The outermost layer from 59 commercial hams was analyzed for 11 volatile nitrosamines including N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA). The principal nitrosamine, NDBzA, was detected in 32 (54%) ham samples at the 10-100 ppb range; it exceeded 100 ppb in 18 (30%) samples, with the highest at 512.2 ppb. No nitrosamine was detected in 7 of 59 ham samples. To determine the cause of the high NDBzA values, various types of unused nettings (from different manufacturers) accompanying the samples were analyzed for nitrosamines. No correlation was found between the NDBzA content of the hams and the nettings. The results suggest that the problem of nitrosamine formation in these products has not yet been resolved. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Fiddler, W AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Gates, R A AU - Custer, C AU - Yoffe, A AU - Phillipo, T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 353 EP - 358 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - Nitrosamines KW - N-nitrosodibenzylamine KW - 5336-53-8 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Sodium Nitrite KW - M0KG633D4F KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Preservatives -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Sodium Nitrite -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Rubber -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78901380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=N-nitrosodibenzylamine+in+boneless+hams+processed+in+elastic+rubber+nettings.&rft.au=Fiddler%2C+W%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BGates%2C+R+A%3BCuster%2C+C%3BYoffe%2C+A%3BPhillipo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fiddler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cloacal plugging on microbial recovery from partially processed broilers. AN - 78887626; 9068056 AB - Experiments were performed to test the contribution of bacteria contained in the intestinal tract of broilers at the beginning of processing to counts on the exterior of modified New York-dressed carcasses. Thirty-two birds were processed for each of seven replications. Within each replication, batches of four birds were electrocuted, scalded, and picked, with batches alternating between treatment and control groups. Treated birds were cloacally plugged with rayon fiber tampons prior to electrocution to prevent escape of intestinal contents during scalding and picking. Control birds were processed in the same manner, except that cloacal plugs were inserted immediately after defeathering to reduce escape of intestinal contents during sampling. Gram-negative enteric bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated on carcasses by whole carcass rinse procedure and in cecal contents. Counts were converted to log10 and subjected to analysis of variance. Cecal levels of Gram-negative enterics were significantly higher for plugged birds, but there was not a significant difference between levels of cecal Campylobacter spp. between treatment groups. Plugging before electrocution resulted in significantly lower levels (2.5 vs 3.0 log10 cfu/mL) of Campylobacter spp. and Gram-negative enteric bacteria (3.0 vs 3.4 log10 cfu/mL) in carcass rinses of treatment birds than in those of controls. All carcasses were positive for Gram-negative enterics. Cloacal plugging resulted in significantly lower incidence of Campylobacter spp. carcass contamination as determined by chi-square. Intestinal carriage of both campylobacters and Gram-negative enteric bacteria appears to influence the microbial quality of the carcass during processing. JF - Poultry science AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Cason, J A AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Stern, N J AU - Cox, N A AU - Bailey, J S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 530 EP - 533 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Random Allocation KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- veterinary KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Cloaca -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78887626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cloacal+plugging+on+microbial+recovery+from+partially+processed+broilers.&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+M+T%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BBailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beneficial effects of chromium on glucose and lipid variables in control and somatotropin-treated pigs are associated with increased tissue chromium and altered tissue copper, iron, and zinc. AN - 78881616; 9078480 AB - Chromium (Cr) and somatotropin have been shown to increase lean body mass in pigs but by independent mechanisms. Somatotropin and Cr also affect blood glucose, lipids, and tissue trace metal concentrations. Twenty-four castrated male pigs were divided into four groups: 1) control basal diet; 2) basal diet + 300 micrograms of Cr/kg of diet as Cr picolinate; 3) basal diet + pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST; 100 micrograms/kg live weight injected daily); and 4) basal diet + Cr + ppST. Pigs were fed the diets from 30 to 60 kg body weight and then killed. Supplemental Cr led to increased total Cr in kidney (1.1 vs 2.3 micrograms) and liver (5.9 vs 8.8 micrograms) but not in the heart independent of ppST treatment. Chromium concentrations in longissimus muscle were less than 1.5 ng/g in all samples, and any increases due to supplemental Cr were not detected. Somatotropin treatment led to decreased hepatic Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and increased total renal Cu, Fe, and Zn. These data demonstrate that supplemental Cr causes increased tissue Cr in the liver and kidney but not in the heart or muscle in control and somatotropin treated pigs. Somatotropin treatment caused decreased kidney and liver Cr concentrations that were offset by increased tissue weights. Somatotropin effects on tissue Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were variable and difficult to evaluate due in part to growth hormone-induced changes in organ weights. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Anderson, R A AU - Bryden, N A AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - Steele, N C AD - Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 657 EP - 661 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Composition -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Drug Synergism KW - Organ Size KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- analysis KW - Myocardium -- chemistry KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Chromium -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78881616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Beneficial+effects+of+chromium+on+glucose+and+lipid+variables+in+control+and+somatotropin-treated+pigs+are+associated+with+increased+tissue+chromium+and+altered+tissue+copper%2C+iron%2C+and+zinc.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+A%3BBryden%2C+N+A%3BEvock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary vitamin K1 and stability of oral anticoagulation: proposal of a diet with constant vitamin K1 content. AN - 78872068; 9066002 AB - Case reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1 equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies. JF - Thrombosis and haemostasis AU - Booth, S L AU - Charnley, J M AU - Sadowski, J A AU - Saltzman, E AU - Bovill, E G AU - Cushman, M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 504 EP - 509 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0340-6245, 0340-6245 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Coumarins KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Vitamin K 1 KW - 84-80-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Warfarin -- adverse effects KW - Warfarin -- administration & dosage KW - Warfarin -- therapeutic use KW - Coumarins -- administration & dosage KW - Vitamin K 1 -- pharmacology KW - Anticoagulants -- therapeutic use KW - Coumarins -- therapeutic use KW - Anticoagulants -- adverse effects KW - Coumarins -- adverse effects KW - Diet KW - Anticoagulants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78872068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thrombosis+and+haemostasis&rft.atitle=Dietary+vitamin+K1+and+stability+of+oral+anticoagulation%3A+proposal+of+a+diet+with+constant+vitamin+K1+content.&rft.au=Booth%2C+S+L%3BCharnley%2C+J+M%3BSadowski%2C+J+A%3BSaltzman%2C+E%3BBovill%2C+E+G%3BCushman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Thrombosis+and+haemostasis&rft.issn=03406245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of somatotroph function induced by growth hormone treatment in neonatal pigs. AN - 78870358; 9063653 AB - The effect of recombinant porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment on pituitary function was evaluated in young pigs. Piglets received intraperitoneal recombinant pGH implants (0.5 mg/d sustained release) or vehicle implants beginning at 3 d of age. Ten piglets were sacrificed at 4 and 6 wk of age (five piglets/treatment group) for the collection of pituitary glands, blood, and liver tissue. Blood samples also were drawn at 3 and 12 d of age. Serum concentrations of GH, prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2 were evaluated. Levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA were determined in liver samples. Treatment with GH increased circulating levels of GH and IGF-1 (P < 0.01), but not PRL, TSH, or IGF-2. Hepatic IGF-1, but not IGF-2, mRNA levels were increased by pGH (P < 0.001). Cultured pituitary cells from each animal were challenged with 0.1, 1, and 10 nM GH-releasing hormone (GHRH); 2 nM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. The release of GH from cultured pituitary cells was stimulated by all secretagogues (P < 0.001). The secretion of GH, but not PRL or TSH, in culture was inhibited by previous in vivo GH treatment (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH, but not PRL or TSH, content was lower in the GH-implant group (P = 0.005). Cell cultures from 6-wk-old piglets secreted more GH, but not PRL or TSH, than cultures from 4-wk-old piglets (P < 0.05). Likewise, cellular GH, but not PRL or TSH, content was greatest in cultures from 6-wk-old animals (P = 0.002). Piglet growth was not affected by exogenous GH treatment (P = 0.67). These results demonstrate that exogenous pGH treatment selectively down-regulates somatotroph function in young pigs. JF - Domestic animal endocrinology AU - Matteri, R L AU - Becker, B A AU - Carroll, J A AU - Buonomo, F C AD - Animal Physiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 109 EP - 118 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0739-7240, 0739-7240 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II KW - 67763-97-7 KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone KW - 9034-39-3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Thyrotropin -- blood KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- metabolism KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- genetics KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- metabolism KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- genetics KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Swine KW - Pituitary Gland -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- physiology KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pituitary Gland -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78870358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+somatotroph+function+induced+by+growth+hormone+treatment+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Matteri%2C+R+L%3BBecker%2C+B+A%3BCarroll%2C+J+A%3BBuonomo%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Matteri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Domestic+animal+endocrinology&rft.issn=07397240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol 3. Effects of three different fungicides on developmental stages of three AM fungi AN - 754566244; 13414393 AB - The effects of biocide use on nontarget organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are of interest to agriculture, since inhibition of beneficial organisms may counteract benefits derived from pest and disease control. Benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and captan were tested for their effects on the germination and early hyphal growth of the AM fungiGlomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.),Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.). Gerd. and Trappe andGigaspora rosea (Nicol & Schenck) in a silty-clay loam soil placed in petri plates. Application of fungicides at 20 mg active ingredient (a.i) kg super(-1) soil inhibited spore germination by all three AM-fungal isolates incubated on unsterilized soil for 2 weeks. However, fungicides applied at 10 mg a.i. kg super(-1) soil had variable effects on AM-fungal isolates. Fungicide effects on germination and hyphal growth of G.etunicatum were modified by soil pasteurization and CO sub(2) concentration in petri plates and also by placing spores below the soil surface followed by fungicide drenches. Effects of fungicides on mycorrhiza formation and sporulation of AM fungi, and the resulting host-plant response, were evaluated in the same soil in associated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Fungicides applied at 20 mg a.i. kg super(-1) soil did not affect the root length colonized byG. etunicatum, but both benomyl and PCNB reduced sporulation by this fungus. Benomyl and PCNB reduced the root length colonized byG. rosea at 48 and 82 days after transplanting. PCNB also reducedG. mosseae-colonized root length at 48 and 82 days, but benomyl only affected root length colonized byG. mosseae at the earlier time point. Only PCNB reduced sporulation byG. mosseae, consistent with its effect on root length colonized by this fungus. captan reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 days, but not at 82 days, and reduced colonization byG. mosseae at 82 days, but not at 48 days. Captan did not affect sporulation by any of the fungi.G. rosea spore production was highly variable, but benomyl appeared to reduce sporulation by this fungus. Overall,G. etunicatum was the most tolerant to fungicides in association with pea plants in this soil, andG. rosea the most sensitive. Benomyl and PCNB were overall more toxic to these fungi than captan. Interactions of AM fungi and fungicides were highly variable and biological responses depended on fungus-fungicide combinations and on environmental conditions. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Schreiner, R P AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Education Service Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, OR 97330, Corvailis, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 18 EP - 26 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Biological control KW - Spore germination KW - Disease control KW - Sporulation KW - Roots KW - disease control KW - Pisum sativum KW - Soil KW - Colonization KW - Benomyl KW - Pests KW - Biocides KW - Soils (loam) KW - germination KW - Captan KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Fungi KW - Developmental stages KW - Pest control KW - Pasteurization KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fungicides KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Environmental conditions KW - Carbon dioxide KW - pentachloronitrobenzene KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754566244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae%2C+biocides%2C+and+biocontrol+3.+Effects+of+three+different+fungicides+on+developmental+stages+of+three+AM+fungi&rft.au=Schreiner%2C+R+P%3BBethlenfalvay%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01420215 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycorrhizas; Biological control; Agriculture; Fungi; Spore germination; Sporulation; Disease control; Roots; Developmental stages; Pest control; Pasteurization; Soil; Colonization; Benomyl; Fungicides; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Nontarget organisms; Biocides; Pests; pentachloronitrobenzene; Carbon dioxide; Environmental conditions; Soils (loam); Captan; disease control; germination; Pisum sativum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for ethanol-producing filamentous fungi AN - 754562481; 13395297 AB - Of nineteen Aspergilli and ten Rhizopus strains examined for their ability to ferment simple sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) as well as complex substrates (cellulose, oat-spelt xylan, corn fiber, and corn germ pressing), three Rhizopus strains were identified that could produce more than 31 g ethanol/l under anaerobic stress. By 72 h, glucose , xylose, cellobiose, and corn fiber were fermented with perspective yields of 100, 47, 80, and 40 percent, of theoretical. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Skory, Christopher D AU - Freer, Shelby N AU - Bothast, Rodney J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 203 EP - 206 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - cellobiose KW - Fungi KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Stress KW - Fibers KW - Xylan KW - Arabinose KW - Rhizopus KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754562481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Screening+for+ethanol-producing+filamentous+fungi&rft.au=Skory%2C+Christopher+D%3BFreer%2C+Shelby+N%3BBothast%2C+Rodney+J&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1018337003433 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fibers; Xylose; cellobiose; Xylan; Fungi; Cellulose; Arabinose; Glucose; Stress; Ethanol; Rhizopus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018337003433 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lake Tahoe case study AN - 52690054; 1997-058965 JF - Wildland Resources Center Report AU - Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L AU - Rowntree, Rowan A AU - Cahill, Thomas A AU - Goldman, Charles R AU - Gruell, George AU - Harris, Robert AU - Leisz, Doug AU - Lindstrom, Susan AU - Kattelmann, Richard AU - Machida, Dennis AU - Lacey, Ray AU - Rucks, Penny AU - Sharkey, Debra A AU - Ziegler, David S AU - Davis, Owen K AU - Duan, Lian AU - Stephens, Scott L Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 217 EP - 264 PB - University of California, Davis, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, Davis, CA KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - hydrology KW - regulations KW - watersheds KW - atmosphere KW - ecosystems KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - Truckee Marsh KW - case studies KW - natural resources KW - drainage basins KW - aerosols KW - ecology KW - land use KW - Lake Tahoe KW - biology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52690054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildland+Resources+Center+Report&rft.atitle=Lake+Tahoe+case+study&rft.au=Elliott-Fisk%2C+Deborah+L%3BRowntree%2C+Rowan+A%3BCahill%2C+Thomas+A%3BGoldman%2C+Charles+R%3BGruell%2C+George%3BHarris%2C+Robert%3BLeisz%2C+Doug%3BLindstrom%2C+Susan%3BKattelmann%2C+Richard%3BMachida%2C+Dennis%3BLacey%2C+Ray%3BRucks%2C+Penny%3BSharkey%2C+Debra+A%3BZiegler%2C+David+S%3BDavis%2C+Owen+K%3BDuan%2C+Lian%3BStephens%2C+Scott+L&rft.aulast=Elliott-Fisk&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildland+Resources+Center+Report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 109 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04562 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; biology; case studies; drainage basins; ecology; ecosystems; hydrology; Lake Tahoe; land use; natural resources; regulations; Sierra Nevada; Truckee Marsh; United States; vegetation; water balance; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Orientation of sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, to weevil, frass, and food odors AN - 16440136; 4337965 AB - Adults of the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, form aggregations on citrus trees, where they feed on new foliage. The relative roles of male and female weevils, frass, food, and combinations of these odor sources in aggregation formation were studied using a y-tube olfactometer. Female and male D. abbreviatus were attracted by food, males, females, and female or male frass. Females were most often attracted by damaged food (broken green beans), whereas males were similarly attracted to damaged food and either female frass, male frass, or heterosexual pairs. No enhancement of attraction by either sex was found when males and male frass were combined with damaged food. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Harari, A R AU - Landolt, P J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology USDA-ARS 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 857 EP - 868 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - USA, Florida KW - Weevils KW - aggregation behavior KW - food KW - frass KW - olfaction KW - orientation KW - pheromones KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Orientation+of+sugarcane+rootstalk+borer+weevil%2C+Diaprepes+abbreviatus%2C+to+weevil%2C+frass%2C+and+food+odors&rft.au=Harari%2C+A+R%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Harari&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of flow cytometry and fluorescein-labeled antibodies to measure specific milk proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells AN - 16311296; 4252529 AB - A flow cytometric technique was developed to measure the relative concentration of whey protein and beta -casein in individual fixed and permeabilized bovine mammary epithelial cells. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells were compared to mammary cells isolated from explants after a 24-h incubation and a bovine mammary epithelial transfected cell line (MAC-T). Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-bovine whey protein ( alpha -lactalbumin + beta -lactoglobulin) or beta -casein primary antibodies followed by a fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG second antibody. The number and intensity of fluorescing cells were measured using an EPICS Profile Flow Cytometer. Primary and explant cells contained 3.3 and 2.8 times more whey protein than MAC-T cells. Explant epithelial cells contained 2.9 and 5.1 times more beta -casein than primary or MAC-T cells. The higher concentrations of specific proteins within the cells was attributed to either greater synthesis or reduced secretion. These data show that flow cytometry is capable of detecting differences in milk protein concentration in different mammary epithelial cell types. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Keys, JE AU - Guidry, A J AU - Cifrian, E AD - USDA-ARS, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, B-173, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 201 EP - 205 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - antibodies KW - cow's milk KW - epithelium KW - flow cytometry KW - fluorescein KW - mammary gland KW - milk proteins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16311296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=The+use+of+flow+cytometry+and+fluorescein-labeled+antibodies+to+measure+specific+milk+proteins+in+bovine+mammary+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Keys%2C+JE%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BCifrian%2C+E&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bovine mammary explant versus primary cell cultures: Effect of bovine somatotropin and insulinlike growth factor-I on DNA content and protein synthesis AN - 16309057; 4252528 AB - Cellular DNA, milk protein content, and protein secretion by bovine mammary explants were compared to cultures of confluent and growing primary bovine mammary secretory cells over 4 d. Explants were obtained at slaughter from eight Holstein cows (120 plus or minus 35 d lactation). Primary cells were grown to confluence, cryopreserved, thawed, and cultured through five passages. Explants and cells were cocultured with liver and adipose tissue in the presence of somatotropin, insulinlike growth factor-I, and somatotropin + insulinlike growth factor-I. Cellular DNA and milk proteins were assayed using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Media proteins were assayed by densitometer scanning of electrophoresis gel bands. DNA content of explant, confluent, and growing primary cells increased similarly through the 96 h incubation. DNA content in G sub(0)G sub(1) phase was increased by: (a) insulinlike growth factor-I in explant cells; (b) somatotropin, insulinlike growth factor-I, and their combination in confluent primary cells; and (c) the combination of somatotropin and insulinlike growth factor in growing primary cells. Approximately 65% of explant and confluent primary cells were in the G sub(0)G sub(1) or differentiated phase compared to 47% for the growing primary cells. Whey protein content and secretion were similar among cell types. Explant cells contained and secreted more beta -casein than primary cells but secretion trends for beta -casein and k-casein were similar after 48 h for both cell types. Results suggest that primary cell cultures are comparable to explant cultures when used to study mechanisms of DNA and milk protein synthesis and secretion. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Keys, JE AU - Cifrian, E AU - Guidry, A J AU - Farrell, H M AD - USDA-ARS, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, B-173, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - growth hormone KW - insulin-like growth factor I KW - mammalian cells KW - protein biosynthesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16309057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Bovine+mammary+explant+versus+primary+cell+cultures%3A+Effect+of+bovine+somatotropin+and+insulinlike+growth+factor-I+on+DNA+content+and+protein+synthesis&rft.au=Keys%2C+JE%3BCifrian%2C+E%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BFarrell%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of sterilization, pH, filler and spore inoculum concentration on the preparation of alginate pellets AN - 16228839; 4222650 AB - Alginate encapsulation of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was studied in order to optimize encapsulation of fungal inocula with alginic acid. Sterilization by autoclaving is known to depolymerize sodium alginate. Buffered solutions (pH = 7-8) reduced this effect. Autoclaving the alginate solution with a filler /nutrient further inhibited the depolymerization reaction. Autoclaving under optimal conditions allowed a less expensive alginate (medium viscosity) to be used at a lower concentration (1%) to produce a stable product. The lowest cost pellets resulted from use of 1% medium viscosity sodium alginate with 10% cotton-seed meal. Further savings may be achieved by performing fermentations directly in alginate-nutrient mixtures and thus eliminating the mixing and blending steps. In such formulations, the nutrient composition and length of fermentation must be adjusted to prevent alginate hydrolysis. The ultimate composition of alginate pellets is influenced by the diffusion of nutrients during gelation. Up to 65% of water-soluble nutrients were lost from alginate pellets during gelation. Once pellets are introduced into the environment, organisms other than the formulated agent compete for pelleted nutrients. A minimum concentration of the biocontrol agent must be present to ensure the agent excludes competitors and successfully converts the nutrients to biomass. For A. flavus, 5000 spores g super(-1) were required. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Daigle, D J AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 3 EP - 10 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - alginate KW - alginic acid KW - biological control KW - fermentation KW - pH KW - spores KW - sterilization KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16228839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+sterilization%2C+pH%2C+filler+and+spore+inoculum+concentration+on+the+preparation+of+alginate+pellets&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extruded granular formulation with biomass of biocontrol Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma spp. to reduce damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani and saprophytic growth of the pathogen in soil-less mix AN - 16225594; 4222646 AB - Extruded granular formulations containing rice flour, gluten, Pyrax, vermiculite, canola oil, and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Gliocladium virens (Gl-3, Gl-21 and Gl-32), Trichoderma hamatum (TRI-4 and 31-3), T. harzianum (Th-32 and Th-87) and T. viride (Tv-101) were evaluated for their effect on the reduction of eggplant damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, reduction of pathogen inoculum and proliferation of the isolates in a soil-less mix. Granules with all isolates except 31-3 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced damping-off, and granules with Gl-3, Gl-21, Gl-32, TRI-4 and Th-87 yielded stands comparable to that (90%) of the non-infested control. Granules with isolates Gl-21 and TRI-4 were the most effective in the reduction of saprophytic growth of R. solani, and there was a significant inverse correlation (r super(2) = -0.82) between eggplant stand and saprophytic growth of the pathogen over all treatments. Isolate propagules proliferated to about 10 super(7) colony-forming units (CFU) g super(-1) of soil-less mix after a 6-week incubation, but there was no correlation between the number of CFU and eggplant stand or saprophytic growth reduction of the pathogen. Granules with Gl-21 and TRI-4 amended to pathogen-infested soil-less mix at a rate as low as 0.06% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced damping-off and pathogen saprophytic growth, and a rate of 0.25% of Gl-21 granules resulted in an eggplant stand comparable to that of the non-infested control. There was no significant correlation between the rate of granule amendment and the proliferation of Gl-21 and TRI-4. Granules of Gl-21 and TRI-4 also significantly prevented the spread of R. solani in flats of eggplant seedlings when the biocontrol granules were applied to the soil-less mix 1 day before the pathogen inoculum. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Lewis, JA AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 49 EP - 60 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - biological control KW - biomass KW - damping-off KW - soil KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Extruded+granular+formulation+with+biomass+of+biocontrol+Gliocladium+virens+and+Trichoderma+spp.+to+reduce+damping-off+of+eggplant+caused+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+saprophytic+growth+of+the+pathogen+in+soil-less+mix&rft.au=Lewis%2C+JA%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase of CO sub(2) and climate change effects on Iowa soybean yield, simulated using GLYCIM AN - 16209700; 4275131 AB - Increases in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration are likely to have a significant impact on the climate and to affect the growth and development of crops. The effect of climate change on crops has to be assessed for large areas to provide information for global estimates and regional strategy development. In this study, computer simulations were done using the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop model GLYCIM to assess the effects of these changes on soybean yields in the state of Iowa. The ability of the model to accurately predict the effect of changes in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration was tested by comparing model results with a curve fit of CO sub(2) concentration yield response derived from measured data. To simulate the effects of climate change, we used projected monthly weather variables for ambient and increased CO sub(2) from three general circulation models (GCMs): Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO). The monthly weather variables were converted to the daily weather to simulate soybean crop yields in nine crop reporting districts (CRDs) of Iowa, with and without increases in atmospheric CO sub(2). When climate change was simulated with increasing levels of CO sub(2) (baseline 350, 450, 550, and 650 mu L L super(-1)), yields increased. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Haskett, J D AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Acock, B AD - Duke Univ. Phytotron and USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16209700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Increase+of+CO+sub%282%29+and+climate+change+effects+on+Iowa+soybean+yield%2C+simulated+using+GLYCIM&rft.au=Haskett%2C+J+D%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BAcock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Haskett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-distance dispersal of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in Texas AN - 16120021; 4210691 JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 157 EP - 160 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - USA, Texas KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - movements KW - dispersal KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16120021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Long-distance+dispersal+of+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers+in+Texas&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; movements; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest species diversity in upper elevation hardwood forests in the southern Appalachian mountains AN - 16111785; 4204718 AB - Overstory, shrub-layer, and herb-layer flora composition and abundance patterns in eleven forest sites were studied to evaluate species diversity and richness before implementing three types of harvest treatments. The sites were within the Wine Spring Creek Watershed and were classified as high elevation, dry, Quercus rubra-Rhododendron calendulaceum based on McNab and Browning's Landscape Ecosystem Classification system. Evaluation of species diversity was determined by Shannon-Weiner's index of diversity (H') and Pielou's species evenness index (J'). Overstory H' based on tree density ranged from 1.62 to 2.50 and H' based on tree basal area ranged from 0.94 to 2.22. The importance values for woody species, showed four species that occurred on all sites (Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Amelanchier arborea, and Castanea dentata) accounted for 32 to 84% of overstory abundance. Shrub-layer H' sub(Density) ranged from 0.64 to 2.33 and H' sub(BA) ranged from 0.40 to 2.26. Rhododendron calendulaceum and Castanea dentata were the only species present on all sites and accounted for 28.5 to 92.3% of the shrub-layer abundance. Herb-layer H' sub(Density) ranged from 1.72 to 3.02 and J' sub(Density) was low, between 0.5 and 0.6 on most sites. Herb-layer diversity was determined by a few dominant species. Although species richness ranged from 51 to 73, seven genera of understory herbs [Prenanthes trifoliata, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Viola hastata, Medeola virginiana, Solidago (curtisii and arguta), and Carex spp., and Aster spp.] occurred on all sites and accounted for 50 to 91% of the total density and 27 to 75% of the total cover. Early successional species were well represented at all sites. Seedling survivorship, germination, and overstory contribution of seeds, caused varied site representation of species. This study provides base line data for observing variation in species richness and diversity that will result from experimental harvest methods. JF - Castanea AU - Elliot, K J AU - Hewitt, D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Coweeta Hydrological Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 32 EP - 42 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - understory KW - species diversity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16111785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Forest+species+diversity+in+upper+elevation+hardwood+forests+in+the+southern+Appalachian+mountains&rft.au=Elliot%2C+K+J%3BHewitt%2C+D&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; species diversity; understory ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nests of Northern Spotted Owls on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington AN - 16108296; 4210757 AB - We located 155 nests in 82 territories occupied by Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. All nests were in trees. Of 116 nests that were measured, 105 were in cavities and 11 were in external platforms on tree limbs. Cavity nests were typically in large holes in the side of the trunk or in the broken top of the trunk. Aspect of cavity entrances was non-random, with the majority of cavities facing east-north-east. Location of nest trees did not differ from expected values for slope aspect or position on slope. Proportions of nest sites in different percent slope categories differed from availability, with more nests than expected in the higher percent slope categories. Nests usually were in stands with high overall canopy closure ( greater than or equal to 70%), but canopy closure in the immediate vicinity of the nest varied from 35-90%. Most nests (87%) were in multilayered stands dominated by large trees. Nests in younger stands were typically in stands where remnant old trees were present. Owls changed nests between successive nesting events in 80% of all cases. Changes in pair members on a territory did not influence the frequency with which pairs switched to a new nest tree in the next nesting year. Based on observed rates of attrition, the expected life span of nests was 120 years. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Forsman, ED AU - Giese, A R AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Lab., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 28 EP - 41 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Northern spotted owl KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - Strix occidentalis caurina KW - site fidelity KW - site selection KW - nests KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Nests+of+Northern+Spotted+Owls+on+the+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington&rft.au=Forsman%2C+ED%3BGiese%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Forsman&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis caurina; USA, Washington; nests; site selection; site fidelity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of a phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass (Poa annua) white leaf disease in southern Italy AN - 16077512; 4114069 AB - A phytoplasma was detected in annual blue grass (Poa annua L. Fienardo), exhibiting white leaf symptoms, that was grown in the fields near Caserta in southern Italy. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences, the phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass white leaf disease was identified as a new member of phytoplasma 16S rRNA group XI (16SrXI) (type strain, rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma). The annual blue grass white leaf phytoplasma is most closely related to Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasma found in Asia. Annul blue grass white leaf and Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasmas were designated as the third subgroup (16SrXI-C) of group XI. This is the first report that a plant pathogenic phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrXI is present on the European continent. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Pastore, M AU - Vibio, M AU - Danielli, A AU - Attathom, S AU - Davis, R E AU - Bertaccini, A AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 251 EP - 254 VL - 103 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - Italy KW - Poa annua KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+a+phytoplasma+associated+with+annual+blue+grass+%28Poa+annua%29+white+leaf+disease+in+southern+Italy&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BPastore%2C+M%3BVibio%2C+M%3BDanielli%2C+A%3BAttathom%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poa annua; Italy; plant diseases; phytoplasma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of two avian Salmonella-immune lymphokines against liver invasion in chickens by Salmonella serovars with different O-group antigens AN - 16038979; 4088837 AB - Newly hatched chicks are susceptible to organ invasion by various serovars of Salmonella. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (SEILK) increased resistance to organ invasion by S. enteritidis (SE) in day-of-hatch chicks. In the present study, we determined that Salmonella-immune lymphokines can provide protection against organ invasion by serovars that are unrelated to the original serovar used as an immunogen. Immune lymphokines were produced from the splenic T cells of mature hens immunized with either viable SE or Salmonella anatum (SA). Day-of-hatch chicks were treated with either SA-immune lymphokine (SAILK) or SEILK and challenged per os with either Salmonella typhimurium (ST) or SE 1 hr later. Liver samples were aseptically collected 20 hr later and were cultured to detect salmonella. We found that SAILK conferred resistance against invasion by either SE, a serogroup D organism, or ST, a serogroup B organism. Furthermore, SEILK reduced organ invasion by ST. These observations together reveal that the protection against organ invasion conferred by Salmonella-immune lymphokines is unrelated to the serovar-specific antigenic characteristics of the immunizing bacteria. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - O antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - liver KW - Salmonella KW - lymphokines KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16038979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+two+avian+Salmonella-immune+lymphokines+against+liver+invasion+in+chickens+by+Salmonella+serovars+with+different+O-group+antigens&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; lymphokines; liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying tests for specific yolk antibodies to predict contamination by Salmonella enteritidis in eggs from experimentally infected laying hens AN - 16036937; 4088838 AB - Detecting Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs has become the cornerstone of many programs for reducing egg-borne disease transmission, but egg culturing is time consuming and laborious. Preliminary screening tests are thus generally applied to minimize the number of flocks from which eggs must be cultured. The usefulness of such tests is directly proportional to both their detection sensitivity and their ability to predict the likelihood of egg contamination. In the present study, samples were collected for 24 days after groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with S. enteritidis. Eggs from each hen were cultured for S. enteritidis in the contents and samples of egg yolk were diluted and tested for specific antibodies to S. enteritidis flagella using both experimental and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Samples of voided feces were also collected regularly from each bird and cultured for S. enteritidis. Although fecal shedding and egg yolk antibody production followed opposite patterns over time (fecal shedding was decreasing as egg yolk antibody titers were increasing), tests for both parameters were effective in predicting whether particular hens would lay contaminated eggs. Among hens that laid at least one egg contaminated by S. enteritidis, 82% were detected as infected by fecal culturing and 96% by the experimental egg yolk ELISA test. Using easily collected samples, egg yolk antibody testing offers a rapid and effective screening method for identifying S. enteritidis-infected laying flocks that might lay contaminated eggs. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Porter, RE Jr AU - Holt, P S AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 195 EP - 202 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - food contamination KW - eggs KW - tests KW - antibodies KW - yolk KW - contamination KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16036937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Applying+tests+for+specific+yolk+antibodies+to+predict+contamination+by+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+eggs+from+experimentally+infected+laying+hens&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BPorter%2C+RE+Jr%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; eggs; food contamination; contamination; tests; yolk; antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time analysis of antibody binding interactions with immobilized E. coli O157:H7 cells using the BIAcore AN - 16034721; 4093596 AB - The kinetic properties of antibody-antigen reaction and other interacting macromolecules can be analyzed in real-time using the surface plasmon resonance biosensor (BIAcore). The interactions of an antibody against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied using immobilized whole cells. The bacterial sensor surface was evaluated with anti-E. coli in a continuous flow system. Regeneration of the sensor surface with guanidine-HCl was more effective than with phosphoric acid and resulted in better binding reproducibility. The determined kinetic values, association and dissociation rate constants, can be used in the development of rapid immuno-techniques. This study also provides the basis to evaluate real-time interactions of macromolecules with immobilized cells. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Medina, M B AU - Van Houten, L AU - Cooke, PH AU - Tu, SI AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 173 EP - 176 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - BIAcore KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilized cells KW - antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33210:Immobilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Real-time+analysis+of+antibody+binding+interactions+with+immobilized+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+cells+using+the+BIAcore&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BVan+Houten%2C+L%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BTu%2C+SI&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilized cells; antibodies; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal endophytes of wild barley and their effects on Diuraphis noxia population development AN - 16025497; 4092397 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the expression of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistance in four plant introduction (PI) lines of wild barley (Hordeum) infected with different species or strains of endophytic fungi (tribe Balansieae, family Clavicipitaceae, Neotyphodium gen. nov. [formerly Acremonium]). Aphid densities were significantly lower on endophyte-infected plants of PI 314696 (H. bogdanii Wilensky) and P1 440420 (H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum (Boissier & Hohenacker)), compared with densities on endophyte-free plants of both PI lines in population growth experiments. This endophyte- associated resistance was the result of antibiosis effects or starvation. In other experiments, endophyte-free plants of PI 269406 and PI 440413 (H. bogdanii) were not superior to endophyte-infected conspecifics as host plants of D. noxia. Our results demonstrate the influence of host plant species/genotype and endophyte species/strain on expression of aphid resistance, provide an explanation of the high levels of D. noxia resistance in PI 314696 and PI 440420 previously reported in the literature, and underscore the potential importance of endophytic fungi in conferring insect resistance in wild barley. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Clement, S L AU - Wilson, AD AU - Lester, D G AU - Davitt, C M AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Res. Unit, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Homoptera KW - endophytes KW - fungi KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Hordeum KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - pest resistance KW - Neotyphodium KW - population dynamics KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Fungal+endophytes+of+wild+barley+and+their+effects+on+Diuraphis+noxia+population+development&rft.au=Clement%2C+S+L%3BWilson%2C+AD%3BLester%2C+D+G%3BDavitt%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diuraphis noxia; Hordeum; Neotyphodium; Aphididae; pest resistance; population dynamics; endophytes; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Mycoplasma isolates by ELISA AN - 16013846; 4088840 AB - An antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Two trials were conducted to compare the ELISA with the conventional fluorescent antibody technique. In trial 1, broilers were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae. In trial 2, hens were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. synoviae, and a combination of the two. Swab isolates were obtained from the choanal cleft and cultures were grown in broth media with a pH indicator. The organisms were bound to 96-well plates for the ELISA or cultured on agar for the fluorescent antibody test. Monoclonal antibodies directed to M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae were reacted with the ELISA aliquots. The ELISA test identified the mycoplasmas in these samples and was completed within 8 hr but did not identify as many isolates as the fluorescent antibody procedure. The principal advantage of this ELISA is the ability to identify the strain of mycoplasma. JF - Avian Diseases AU - May, J D AU - Branton, S L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 93 EP - 96 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma synoviae KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01115:Mycoplasmas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Mycoplasma+isolates+by+ELISA&rft.au=May%2C+J+D%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tall larkspur ingestion: Can cattle regulate intake below toxic levels? AN - 15999842; 4084261 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a toxic forb often consumed by cattle on mountain rangelands, with annual fatalities averaging about 5%. This study examined the relationship between food ingestion and toxicity in cattle. Two grazing studies suggested that larkspur consumption above 25-30% of cattle diets for one or two days led to reduced larkspur consumption on subsequent days. We subsequently hypothesized that cattle can generally limit intake of larkspur to sublethal levels. This hypothesis was tested by feeding a 27% larkspur pellet in experiment 1. Cattle given a 27% larkspur pellet ad libitum showed distinct cyclic patterns of intake, where increased larkspur consumption on one or two days was followed by reduced (P 0.05) between controls and treatment animals at the 20 or 40 mg LiCl/kg dose in the percentage of corn consumed, but the 80 mg LiCl /kg dose induced a cyclic response (mean 46%) compared to intake by controls (mean 96%) (P < 0.001). At the 80 mg/kg dose, LiCl induced an aversion to corn; when corn intake decreased on subsequent days and LiCl dose also decreased, cattle responded by increasing corn intake and apparently extinguishing the transient food aversion. Experiment 3 was similar to the LiCl trial, except that tall larkspur was the toxin. Cattle responded to oral gavage of ground larkspur with distinct cycles; days of higher corn consumption were followed by one to three days of reduced consumption. Corn intake for controls was higher (P < 0.01) than for larkspur-treated animals (means 84 and 52%, respectively; day x treatment interaction P < 0.01). The threshold for toxic effects on corn intake was 14 mg toxic alkaloid/kg body weight. In conclusion, cattle apparently limit ingestion of some toxins so that periods of high consumption are followed by periods of reduced consumption to allow for detoxification. Cyclic consumption generally enables cattle to regulate tall larkspur consumption below a toxic threshold and allows cattle the opportunity to safely use an otherwise nutritious, but toxic, plant. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Pfister, JA AU - Provenza, F D AU - Manners, G D AU - Gardner AU - Ralphs, M H AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 759 EP - 778 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - cattle KW - alkaloids KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - allelochemicals KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - food intake KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15999842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Tall+larkspur+ingestion%3A+Can+cattle+regulate+intake+below+toxic+levels%3F&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BProvenza%2C+F+D%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BGardner%3BRalphs%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; allelochemicals; food intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The scaling characteristics of remotely-sensed variables for sparsely-vegetated heterogeneous landscapes AN - 15985444; 4084297 AB - With increasing interest in airborne and satellite-based sensors for mapping regional and global energy balance, there is a need to determine the uncertainty involved in aggregating remotely-sensed variables [surface temperature (T sub(k)) and reflectance ( rho )] and surface energy fluxes [sensible (H) and latent ( lambda E) heat flux] over large areas. This uncertainty is directly related to two factors: (1) the non-linearity of the relation between the sensor signal and T sub(k), rho , H or lambda E; and (2) the heterogeneity of the site. In this study, we compiled several remotely-sensed data sets acquired at different locations within a semi-arid rangeland in Arizona, at a variety of spatial and temporal resolutions. These data sets provided the range of data heterogeneities necessary for an extensive analysis of data aggregation. The general technique to evaluate uncertainty was to compare remotely-sensed variables and energy balance components calculated in two ways: first, calculated at the pixel resolution and averaged to the coarser resolution; and second, calculated directly at the coarse resolution by aggregating the fine-resolution data to the coarse scale. Results showed that the error in the aggregation of T sub(k) and rho was negligible for a wide range of conditions. However, the error in aggregation of H and lambda E was highly influenced by the heterogeneity of the site. Errors in H larger than 50% were possible under certain conditions. The conditions associated with the largest aggregation errors in H were: sites which are composed of a mix of stable and unstable conditions; sites which have considerable variations in aerodynamic roughness, especially for highly unstable conditions where the difference between surface and air temperature is large; and sites which are characterized by patch vegetation, where the pixel resolution is less than or nearly-equal to the diameter of the vegetation 'element' (in most cases, the diameter of the dominant vegetation type or vegetation patch). Thus, knowledge of the surface heterogeneity is essential for minimizing error in aggregation of H and lambda E. Two schemes are presented for quantifying surface heterogeneity as a first step in data aggregation. These results emphasized the need for caution in aggregation of energy balance components over heterogeneous landscapes with sparse or mixed vegetation types. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Moran AU - Humes, K S AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AD - USDA-ARS US Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 337 EP - 362 VL - 190 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - aggregation KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - data acquisition KW - mapping KW - heterogeneity KW - vegetation KW - energy KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=The+scaling+characteristics+of+remotely-sensed+variables+for+sparsely-vegetated+heterogeneous+landscapes&rft.au=Moran%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Aggregate description of land-atmosphere interactions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation; remote sensing; mapping; heterogeneity; data acquisition; energy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alternative nitrogen and carbon sources for sugarbeet suspension culture platings in development of cell selection schemes AN - 15971830; 4071067 AB - Low molecular weight nitrogenous impurity compounds as well as raffinose are negative quality factors that interfere with efficient processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) for sucrose. In order to identify nutrient media for cell selection of biochemical mutants or transgenics that might have reduced levels of these processing impurities, the ability of 10 endogenous compounds to serve as sole nitrogen or carbon source for suspension plating and subculture callus growth was evaluated. The most productive concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, L-glutamine, L-glutamate, urea, and L-proline as sole nitrogen sources supported plating callus growth at 106, 159, 233, 167, 80, and 52%, respectively, as well as the historical 60 mM mix of nitrate and ammonium in Murashige-Skoog medium. Glycine betaine and choline did not support growth. D(+) Raffinose and D(+) galactose supported plating callus growth only 67 and 25%, respectively, as well as sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. No callus growth occurred on glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine as the sole carbon or carbon plus nitrogen source. Platings on either nitrate or ammonium as sole nitrogen source did not differ in sensitivity to the nitrate uptake inhibitor phenylglyoxal, suggesting that phenylglyoxal lacks the specificity for use in selection for mutants of nitrate uptake. The ability of raffinose to be used as the carbon source, and glutamine or glutamate as the nitrogen source, may preclude their use for selection of genetic variants accumulating less of these processing impurities. However, mutants or transgenics able to utilize either glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine might be selectable on media containing any one of these as carbon, nitrogen, or carbon plus nitrogen source, respectively, that is incapable of supporting wild-type cell growth. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Saunders, J W AU - Tsai, C J AU - Samper, E AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Sugarbeet and Bean Res. Unit, Dep. Crop & Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 56 EP - 61 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - carbon KW - choline KW - galactose KW - glutamine KW - glycine betaine KW - nitrogen KW - phenylglyoxal KW - raffinose KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - callus KW - Beta vulgaris KW - tissue culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternative+nitrogen+and+carbon+sources+for+sugarbeet+suspension+culture+platings+in+development+of+cell+selection+schemes&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J+W%3BTsai%2C+C+J%3BSamper%2C+E&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - callus; tissue culture; Beta vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swallow-tailed kite nesting in Texas: Past and present AN - 15966239; 4070039 AB - The historical breeding range of the swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus) in the United States extended from the Carolinas and Tennessee south through Florida, and Wisconsin and Minnesota south through Louisiana, and Nebraska to central and southeastern Texas. The species' decline in Texas apparently was well under way be 1900 and resulted in almost complete extirpation by 1910. The last published report of breeding in Texas was from Harris County near Houston during 1911-1914. On 31 March 1994, an active swallow-tailed kite nest was located by the first two authors in an extensive bottomland and hardwood forest approximately 1 km from the Neches River in Tyler County, Texas. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Brown, R E AU - Williamson, J H AU - Boone, D B AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 103 EP - 105 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - new records KW - historical account KW - ecological distribution KW - Elanoides forficatus KW - breeding status KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15966239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Swallow-tailed+kite+nesting+in+Texas%3A+Past+and+present&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+E%3BWilliamson%2C+J+H%3BBoone%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elanoides forficatus; USA, Texas; breeding status; ecological distribution; historical account; new records ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures AN - 15965401; 4061698 AB - Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett); oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel); Malaysian fruit flies, B. latifrons (Hendel); and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were measured at 16, 18, 24, 29, and 32 plus or minus 1 degree C. Female longevity of B. cucurbitae, C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and B. latifrons ranged (minimum/maximum) from 35.6 to 136.5, 12.5 to 107.3, 27.5 to 133.5, and 15.0 to 80.3 d, respectively. Corresponding ranges for longevity of male fruit flies were 37.4 to 220.8, 13.3 to 182.0, 23.1 to 116.8, and 12.4 to 61.3 d, respectively. Highest net reproductive rates (i.e., production of newborn females per generation) for all species occurred at 24 degree C. At this temperature, B. dorsalis rates were almost twice those for all other species. The rate of multiplication per generation per female was <1 for B. latifrons reared at all temperatures and for B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, and C. capitata at 16 and 32 degree C. Highest intrinsic rates of population increase for all species were at 29 degree C. Values at this temperature were highest for C. capitata and lowest for B. latifrons. Mean generation times varied inversely with temperature. The effects of temperature on fruit fly reproduction and life history patterns are discussed with respect to rearing operations and geography. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Kanehisa, D AU - Jang, E B AU - Armstrong, J W AD - Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 162 EP - 168 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - demography KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - Tephritidae KW - fecundity KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15965401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Demography+of+four+Hawaiian+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+reared+at+five+constant+temperatures&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BKanehisa%2C+D%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BArmstrong%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera latifrons; Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; demography; fecundity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two groups of phytoplasmas from Japan distinguished on the basis of amplification and restriction analysis of 16S rDNA AN - 15963239; 4061693 AB - Phytoplasmas (mycoplasmalike organisms, MLOs) associated with mitsuba (Japanese honewort) witches'-broom (JHW), garland chrysanthemum witches'-broom (GCW), eggplant dwarf (ED), tomato yellows (TY), marguerite yellows (MY), gentian witches'-broom (GW), and tsuwabuki witches'-broom (TW) in Japan were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA and restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products. The phytoplasmas could be separated into two groups, one containing strains JHW, GCW, ED, TY, and MY, and the other containing strains GW and TW, corresponding to two groups previously recognized on the basis of transmission by Macrosteles striifrons and Scleroracus flavopictus, respectively. The strains transmitted by M. striifrons were classified in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrI, which contains aster yellows and related phytoplasma strains. Strains GW and TW were classified in group 16SrIII, which contains phytoplasmas associated with peach X-disease, clover yellow edge, and related phytoplasmas. Digestion of amplified 16S rDNA with HpaII indicated that strains GW and TW were affiliated with subgroup 16SrIII-B, which contains clover yellow edge phytoplasma. All seven strains were distinguished from other phytoplasmas, including those associated with clover proliferation, ash yellows, elm yellows, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence in North America, and Malaysian periwinkle yellows and sweet potato witches'-broom in Asia. JF - Plant Disease AU - Okuda, S AU - Prince, J P AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Mogen, B AU - Kato, S AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 301 EP - 305 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - DNA KW - rRNA 16S KW - Macrosteles striifrons KW - Scleroracus flavopictus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cicadellidae KW - vectors KW - phytoplasma KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Homoptera KW - Japan KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - N 14411:Isolation, occurrence & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15963239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Two+groups+of+phytoplasmas+from+Japan+distinguished+on+the+basis+of+amplification+and+restriction+analysis+of+16S+rDNA&rft.au=Okuda%2C+S%3BPrince%2C+J+P%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BMogen%2C+B%3BKato%2C+S&rft.aulast=Okuda&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cicadellidae; Homoptera; Japan; phytoplasma; mycoplasma-like organisms; vectors; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of antibiotic-producing Pseudomonas spp. in natural environments AN - 15924273; 4044876 AB - The antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) are major determinants of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens by various strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In this study, we described primers and probes that enable specific and efficient detection of a wide variety of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains that produce various phenazine antibiotics or Phl. PCR analysis and Southern hybridization demonstrated that specific genes within the biosynthetic loci for Phl and PCA are conserved among various Pseudomonas strains of worldwide origin. The frequency of Phl- and PCA-producing fluorescent pseudomonads was determined on roots of wheat grown in three soils suppressive to take-all disease of wheat and four soils conducive to take-all by colony hybridization followed by PCR. Phenazine-producing strains were not detected on roots from any of the soils. However, Phl-producing fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from all three take-all-suppressive soils at densities ranging from approximately 5 x 10 super(5) to 2 x 10 super(6) CFU per g of root. In the complementary conducive soils, Phl-producing pseudomonads were not detected or were detected at densities at least 40-fold lower than those in the suppressive soils. We speculate that fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce Phl play an important role in the natural suppressiveness of these soils to take-all disease of wheat. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA-ARS, 367 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 881 EP - 887 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - antibiotics KW - phenazine-1-carboxylic acid KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - plant protection KW - biological control KW - Pseudomonas KW - fluorescence KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - A 01030:General KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15924273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+antibiotic-producing+Pseudomonas+spp.+in+natural+environments&rft.au=Raaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Raaijmakers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; biological control; plant protection; fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current approaches for reconditioning process water and its use in food manufacturing operations AN - 15918270; 4048735 AB - Water is perhaps the most critical component in the processing of most food products. Supplies of water that is suitable for use in food processing operations are becoming limited. Three aspects of water as they relate to food processing will be discussed: water as a vehicle for various foodborne disease agents (bacterial, viral and parasitic); an overview of waste-water treatment processes, including the agents used in the final phase to disinfect water; and approaches to reconditioning food plant processing water for reuse within the food processing plant and in other areas of food production. Although the potential for the use of reconditioned water is vast, actual applications are currently very few. JF - Trends in Food Science & Technology AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Miller, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0924-2244, 0924-2244 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - water KW - reviews KW - food KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15918270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Current+approaches+for+reconditioning+process+water+and+its+use+in+food+manufacturing+operations&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+SA%3BRajkowski%2C+K+T%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=09242244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water; reviews; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial steps in the degradation of methoxychlor by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 15906375; 4038489 AB - The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized [ring- super(14)C]methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and metabolized it to a variety of products. The three most prominent of these were identified as the 1-dechloro derivative 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, the 2-hydroxy derivative 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, and the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol by comparison of the derivatives with authentic standards in chromatographic and mass spectrometric experiments. In addition, the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative was identified from its super(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The 1-dechloro and 2-hydroxy derivatives were both converted to the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative by the fungus; i.e., there was no requirement that dechlorination precede hydroxylation or vice versa. All three metabolites were mineralized and are therefore likely intermediates in the degradation of methoxychlor by P. chrysosporium. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Grifoll, M AU - Hammel, KE AD - Inst. for Microbial and Biochem. Technol., USDA Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1177 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - methoxychlor KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15906375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Initial+steps+in+the+degradation+of+methoxychlor+by+the+white+rot+fungus+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Grifoll%2C+M%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Grifoll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in vitro and in the rhizosphere of wheat AN - 15904632; 4038096 AB - The broad-spectrum antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) is a major determinant in the biological control of a wide range of plant diseases by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. A protocol was developed to readily isolate and quantify Phl from broth and agar cultures and from the rhizosphere environment of plants. Extraction with ethyl acetate at an acidic pH was suitable for both in vitro and in situ sources of Phl. For soil samples, the addition of an initial extraction step with 80% acetone at an acidic pH was highly effective in eliminating polar organic soil components, such as humic and fulvic acids, which can interfere with Phl detection by high-performance liquid chromotography. The efficiency of Phl recovery from soil by a single extraction averaged 54.6%, and a second extraction added another 6.1%. These yields were substantially greater than those achieved by several standard protocols commonly used to extract polar phenolic compounds from soil. For the first time Phl was isolated from the rhizosphere environment in raw soil. Following application of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 and the Phl-overproducing strain Q2-87(pPHL5122) to the seeds of wheat, 2.1 and 2.4 mu g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Ritzville silt loam; 0.47 and 1.3 mu g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Shano silt loam. However, when the amount of Phi was calculated on the basis of cell density, Q2-87(pPHL5122) produced seven and six times more antibiotic than Q2-87 in Ritzville silt loam, and Shano silt loam, respectively. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bonsall, R F AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Root Dis. and Biol. Control Res. Unit, Washington State Univ., P.O. Box 646430, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 951 EP - 955 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - rhizosphere microorganisms KW - Pseudomonas KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15904632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+2%2C4-diacetylphloroglucinol+produced+by+fluorescent+Pseudomonas+spp.+in+vitro+and+in+the+rhizosphere+of+wheat&rft.au=Bonsall%2C+R+F%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Bonsall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Triticum aestivum; rhizosphere microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157 AN - 15870702; 4026399 AB - Identification of the O157 antigen is an essential part of the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which is recognized as a major etiologic agent of hemorrhagic colitis. However, polyclonal antibodies produced against E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may react with several other bacteria including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yersinia enterocolitica O9, Escherichia hermannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We produced eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the LPS of E. coli O157. Western blots (immunoblots) of both the phenol phase (smooth) and the aqueous phase (rough) of hot phenol-water-purified LPS indicated that three of the MAbs were specific for the O antigen and five were reactive with the LPS core. The eight MAbs could be further differentiated by their reactivities to Salmonella O30 LPS (group N), which is reported to be identical to the E. coli O157 antigen. All eight MAbs reacted strongly to all of the 64 strains of E. coli O157 tested, which included 47 isolates of O157:H7 and 17 other O157 strains. None of the eight MAbs cross-reacted with any of the 38 other E. coli serotypes tested, which consisted of 29 different O-antigen serotypes, or with 38 strains (22 genera) of non-E. coli gram-negative enteric bacteria. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Westerman, R B AU - He, Yongsheng AU - Keen, JE AU - Littledike, E T AU - Kwang, J AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 679 EP - 684 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - specificity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Escherichia coli KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - antigens KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+and+characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+specific+for+the+lipopolysaccharide+of+Escherichia+coli+O157&rft.au=Westerman%2C+R+B%3BHe%2C+Yongsheng%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BLittledike%2C+E+T%3BKwang%2C+J&rft.aulast=Westerman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; antigens; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affectingAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediatedgusA expression and opine synthesis inGladiolus AN - 1285092580; 17059977 AB - Five tumorigenic strains ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens were used to inoculate corms, cormels, plants grown in vitro, and seed-derived seedlings of several cultivars ofGladiolus. Tumors formed on 12% of the plant tissues inoculated, and 1% of these tumors synthesized either octopine or nopaline.A. tumefaciens-mediated beta -glu-curonida se (GUS) expression showed 0.5% and 3.5% GUS expression for plants grown in vitro and regenerable callus, respectively. GUS expression ranged from 40% to 61% whenA. tumefaciens was incubated with leaves from seedlings grown in the dark, whereas leaves from seedlings grown under a 16-h light photoperiod showed no GUS, indicating the significant effect of etiolation on transient GUS expression mediated byA. tumefaciens. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Kamo, K AD - United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A Room 238, BARC West, 20705-2350, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 389 EP - 392 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Callus KW - Corms KW - Etiolation KW - Leaves KW - Light effects KW - Photoperiods KW - Seedlings KW - Tumors KW - octopine KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285092580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Factors+affectingAgrobacterium+tumefaciens-mediatedgusA+expression+and+opine+synthesis+inGladiolus&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01146779 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - octopine; Photoperiods; Etiolation; Leaves; Callus; Seedlings; Tumors; Light effects; Corms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01146779 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil respiration response to three years of elevated CO sub(2) and N fertilization in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws.) AN - 1034811786; 17024679 AB - We measured growing season soil CO sub(2) evolution under elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and compare two measurement techniques. Elevated [CO sub(2)] treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) seedlings. N applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO sub(2) (ambient, + 175, and +350 mu L L super(-1) CO sub(2)) and N (0, 10, and 20 g m super(-2) N as ammonium sulphate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at > 25 percent. Soil CO sub(2) evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20-22 hours) in October 1992, and April, June, and October 1993 and 1994 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system and corresponding pCO sub(2) measurements were made with gas wells. Significantly higher soil CO sub(2) evolution was observed in the elevated CO sub(2) treatments; N effects were not significant. Averaged across all measurement periods, fluxes, were 4.8, 8.0, and 6.5 for ambient + 175 CO sub(2), and +350 CO sub(2) respectively). Treatment variation was linearly related to fungal occurrence as observed in minirhizotron tubes. Seasonal variation in soil CO sub(2) evolution was non-linearly related to soil temperature; i.e., fluxes increased up to approximately soil temperature (10cm soil depth) and decreased dramatically at temperatures > 18 degree C. These patterns indicate exceeding optimal temperatures for biological activity. The dynamic, flow-through measurement system was weakly correlated (r = 0.57; p < 0.0001; n = 56) with the pCO sub(2) measurement method. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Vose, James M AU - Elliott, Katherine J AU - Johnson, Dale W AU - Tingey, David T AU - Johnson, Mark G AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 999 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC, 28763, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 19 EP - 28 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 190 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034811786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+respiration+response+to+three+years+of+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+N+fertilization+in+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa+Doug.+ex+Laws.%29&rft.au=Vose%2C+James+M%3BElliott%2C+Katherine+J%3BJohnson%2C+Dale+W%3BTingey%2C+David+T%3BJohnson%2C+Mark+G&rft.aulast=Vose&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004204129128 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004204129128 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the food animal veterinarian in the HACCP era. AN - 78837187; 9040834 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Buntain, B AD - Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Y1 - 1997/02/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Feb 15 SP - 492 EP - 495 VL - 210 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Records as Topic -- veterinary KW - Abattoirs -- standards KW - Food Parasitology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Risk Management KW - Quality Control KW - Meat -- standards KW - United States Department of Agriculture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Veterinary Medicine KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78837187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+food+animal+veterinarian+in+the+HACCP+era.&rft.au=Buntain%2C+B&rft.aulast=Buntain&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-15&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Apr 15;210(8):1099-100 [9108902] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of disease states as a modifying factor for nutrition toxicity. AN - 79013694; 9155218 AB - Acquired kidney and liver diseases are relatively common diseases that can raise the potential for nutrient intoxication. For example, high-protein diets increase glomerular blood flow and the blood pressure gradient across the glomerular capillary wall in the kidney, which can result in injury to membranes. Likewise, the liver can increase nutrient intoxication because it is involved in the intermediary metabolism of many nutrients, serves as the storage organ for many nutrients, and is important in the biotransformation and excretion of nutrients. In this paper, vitamin A serves as an example to illustrate how kidney disease and liver disease can increase a single nutrient's toxicity. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 50 EP - 53 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Anemia, Pernicious -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Iron -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Hemochromatosis -- metabolism KW - Folic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Kidney Diseases -- metabolism KW - Liver Diseases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79013694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+disease+states+as+a+modifying+factor+for+nutrition+toxicity.&rft.au=Russell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis to adults of the Mexican fruit fly (diptera: (Diptera:Tephritidae) in the laboratory. AN - 78904260; 9071889 AB - Centrifugation pellets obtained from an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis (Guat 1) cultured from a Guatemalan soil sample were found to be toxic to Anastrepha ludens (Loew) adults in the laboratory. We developed a bioassay diet that consisted of a mixture of the bacterium, a protein source, and sugar. A pH of 4.1 of the mixture was needed to obtain maximum adult mortality. One meal of the diet, which lasted from 30 s to 4 min, was enough to cause > 70% mortality of both fed or starved adults. Mortality of fed adults was 70-75% following a feeding period of 60 min and mortality of starved adults was 80-90% following a feeding period of 30 min. The isolate was toxic to adults from 1 to 21 d old. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Martinez, A J AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, J A AD - Mission Biological Control Center, USDA, TX 78573, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 130 EP - 134 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Time Factors KW - Species Specificity KW - Diptera -- microbiology KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78904260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+an+isolate+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subspecies+darmstadiensis+to+adults+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28diptera%3A+%28Diptera%3ATephritidae%29+in+the+laboratory.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+A+J%3BRobacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and expression of solanidine UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase from potato. AN - 78884444; 9076990 AB - A cDNA encoding solanidine glucosyltransferase (SGT) was isolated from potato. The cDNA was selected from a yeast expression library using a positive selection based on the higher toxicity of steroidal alkaloid aglycons relative to their associated glycosylated forms. The cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a 56 kDa polypeptide with regions of similarity to previously characterized UDP-glucosyltransferases. The enzyme activity and reaction products of recombinant SGT in yeast were consistent with those observed for the endogenous enzyme from potato. SGT mRNA and protein accumulated in tubers in response to wounding. The time course for SGT mRNA accumulation paralleled that of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA isoform 1 (hmg1) mRNA. Steady-state SGT mRNA levels also increased transiently upon wounding of leaves. JF - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology AU - Moehs, C P AU - Allen, P V AU - Friedman, M AU - Belknap, W R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA, Plant KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - patatin protein, Solanum tuberosum KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases KW - EC 1.1.1.- KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-Reductases, NADP-dependent KW - EC 1.1.1.34 KW - Glucosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.1.- KW - solanidine glucosyltransferase KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - RNA, Plant -- analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant -- physiology KW - Solanum tuberosum -- genetics KW - Solanum tuberosum -- enzymology KW - Glucosyltransferases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78884444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+solanidine+UDP-glucose+glucosyltransferase+from+potato.&rft.au=Moehs%2C+C+P%3BAllen%2C+P+V%3BFriedman%2C+M%3BBelknap%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Moehs&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - P19488; GENBANK; A54739; U82367; S41951; P36538; B53652; P16662; S33169 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered acyl chain length specificity of Rhizopus delemar lipase through mutagenesis and molecular modeling. AN - 78882454; 9075201 AB - The acyl binding site of Rhizopus delemar prolipase and mature lipase was altered through site-directed mutagenesis to improve lipase specificity for short- or medium-chain length fatty acids. Computer-generated structural models of R. delemar lipase were used in mutant protein design and in the interpretation of the catalytic properties of the resulting recombinant enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations of the double mutant, val209trp + phe112trp, predicted that the introduction of trp112 and trp209 in the acyl binding groove would sterically hinder the docking of fatty acids longer than butyric acid. Assayed against a mixture of triacylglycerol substrates, the val209trp + phe112trp mature lipase mutant showed an 80-fold increase in the hydrolysis of tributyrin relative to the hydrolysis of tricaprylin while no triolein hydrolysis was detected. By comparison, the val94Trp mutant, predicted to pose steric or geometric constraints for docking fatty acids longer than caprylic acid in the acyl binding groove, resulted in a modest 1.4-fold increase in tricaprylin hydrolysis relative to the hydrolysis of tributyrin. Molecular models of the double mutant phe95asp + phe214arg indicated the creation of a salt bridge between asp95 and arg214 across the distal end of the acyl binding groove. When challenged with a mixture of triacylglycerols, the phe95asp + phe214arg substitutions resulted in an enzyme with 3-fold enhanced relative activity for tricaprylin compared to triolein, suggesting that structural determinants for medium-chain length specificity may reside in the distal end of the acyl binding groove. Attempts to introduce a salt bridge within 8 A of the active site by the double mutation leu146lys + ser115asp destroyed catalytic activity entirely. Similarly, the substitution of polar Gln at the rim of the acyl binding groove for phe112 largely eliminated catalytic activity of the lipase. JF - Lipids AU - Klein, R R AU - King, G AU - Moreau, R A AU - Haas, M J AD - ERRC, ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 123 EP - 130 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Caprylates KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - tricaprylin KW - 538-23-8 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - tributyrin KW - S05LZ624MF KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Models, Structural KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Caprylates -- metabolism KW - Substrate Specificity -- genetics KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- genetics KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78882454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Altered+acyl+chain+length+specificity+of+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+through+mutagenesis+and+molecular+modeling.&rft.au=Klein%2C+R+R%3BKing%2C+G%3BMoreau%2C+R+A%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of moniliformin present in Fusarium fujikuroi culture material and aflatoxin in broiler chicks. AN - 78867389; 9057205 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M) and 3.5 mg aflatoxins (AF)/kg of diet were evaluated in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, BW gains were reduced 29% by M, 13% by AF, and 33% by the M and AF combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by M independent of AF. Feeding M resulted in decreased relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and increased relative weights of the heart, increased serum concentrations of creatinine and calcium, increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase, and changes in hematological values. Feeding AF resulted in increased relative weights of the kidney and heart, decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and calcium, and decreased mean corpuscular volume. Feeding the combination of M and AF resulted in increased relative weights of the heart, decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus, increased concentrations of creatinine and activity of alanine aminotransferase, and changes in hematological values. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, for most parameters when chicks are fed diets containing the combination of 100 mg M and 3.5 mg AF/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering these high concentrations of these mycotoxins in finished feed is small; however, additional data on the naturally occurring concentrations of M are necessary before the importance of this mycotoxin to the poultry industry can be assessed. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Edrington, T S AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 265 EP - 270 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Blood Proteins KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fusarium KW - Drug Interactions KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- drug effects KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Chickens KW - Heart -- anatomy & histology KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- anatomy & histology KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed KW - Cyclobutanes -- administration & dosage KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78867389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+moniliformin+present+in+Fusarium+fujikuroi+culture+material+and+aflatoxin+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and diacetoxyscirpenol or ochratoxin A in turkey poults. AN - 78862070; 9057204 AB - The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 4 mg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) or 3 mg ochratoxin A (OA) were evaluated in two experiments using female turkey poults (Nicholas Large Whites) from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 30% (Study 1) and 24% (Study 2) by FB1, 30% by DAS, 8% by OA, 46% by the FB1 and DAS combination, and 37% by the FB1 and OA combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by all treatments except FB1 in Experiment 2. Relative weights of the liver were significantly increased by all treatments except the DAS treatment. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were decreased and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased and several hematological values were altered in poults fed FB1 alone and in combination with either DAS or OA. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, when poults are fed diets containing 300 mg FB1, and 4 mg DAS or 3 mg OA/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering FB1, DAS, or OA at these concentrations in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions, other stress factors could alter the impact of these mycotoxins on the health and performance of poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Phillips, T D AU - Sarr, A B AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 256 EP - 264 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Triglycerides KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Fusarium KW - Drug Interactions KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Erythrocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Turkeys KW - Liver -- growth & development KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Hematocrit KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed KW - Carboxylic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Trichothecenes -- administration & dosage KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Ochratoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78862070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+effects+of+fumonisin+B1+present+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material+and+diacetoxyscirpenol+or+ochratoxin+A+in+turkey+poults.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BSarr%2C+A+B%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Salmonella organisms in swine feed. AN - 78842974; 9057923 AB - To test feed and feed ingredients on swine farms for Salmonella organisms and to analyze data from these farms to determine risk factors associated with Salmonella organisms in the feed and feed ingredients. Epidemiologic survey and retrospective case-control study. 30 swine farms. Samples of feed and feed ingredients and information regarding herd characteristics were collected from 30 swine farms. Samples were tested for Salmonella organisms, and data compiled from herd information forms were examined for associated risk factors between herd characteristics and isolation of Salmonella organisms. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 36 of 1,264 (2.8%) feed and feed ingredient samples and from 14 of 30 (46.7%) farms. Thirteen Salmonella sp serotypes and 2 untypeable isolates were cultured. Recovery of Salmonella organisms from at least 1 feed or feed ingredient on a farm was significantly associated with 6 herd characteristics (lack of bird-proofing, using farm-prepared feed for finishing-age pigs rather than purchased feed, and housing pigs in facilities other than total confinement in the growing, finishing, gestating, and breeding stages of production, respectively). Isolation of Salmonella sp was not associated with a history of salmonellosis on a farm. Salmonella organisms were readily isolated from samples of feed and feed ingredients, illustrating that salmonellae are ubiquitous in a farm environment. Implementing sanitary and pest-control measures continues to be a prudent recommendation. Salmonella serotypes found in feed and feed ingredients have the potential to cause disease in pigs that consume the feed or, ultimately, in people that consume pork. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Harris, I T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Gray, J T AU - Thomas, L A AU - Ferris, K AD - Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 1997/02/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Feb 01 SP - 382 EP - 385 VL - 210 IS - 3 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Serotyping -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Swine Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78842974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Salmonella+organisms+in+swine+feed.&rft.au=Harris%2C+I+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BGray%2C+J+T%3BThomas%2C+L+A%3BFerris%2C+K&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction of a [4Fe-4S (S-cys)4]+1,+2 iron-sulfur center into a four-alpha helix protein using design parameters from the domain of the Fx cluster in the Photosystem I reaction center. AN - 78835276; 9041635 AB - We describe the insertion of an iron-sulfur center into a designed four alpha-helix model protein. The model protein was re-engineered by introducing four cysteine ligands required for the coordination of the mulinucleate cluster into positions in the main-chain directly analogous to the domain predicted to ligand the interpeptide [4Fe-4S (S-cys)4] cluster, Fx, from PsaA and PsaB of the Photosystem I reaction center. This was achieved by inserting the sequence, CDGPGRGGTC, which is conserved in PsaA and PsaB, into interhelical loops 1 and 3 of the four alpha-helix model. The holoprotein was characterized spectroscopically after insertion of the iron-sulfur center in vitro. EPR spectra confirmed the cluster is a [4Fe-4S] type, indicating that the cysteine thiolate ligands were positioned as designed. The midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur center in the model holoprotein was determined via redox titration and shown to be -422 mV (pH 8.3, n = 1). The results support proposals advanced for the structure of the domain of the [4Fe-4S] Fx cluster in Photosystem I based upon sequence predictions and molecular modeling. We suggest that the lower potential of the Fx cluster is most likely due to factors in the protein environment of Fx rather than the identity of the residues proximal to the coordinating ligands. JF - Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society AU - Scott, M P AU - Biggins, J AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 340 EP - 346 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0961-8368, 0961-8368 KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- chemistry KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- genetics KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78835276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protein+science+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Protein+Society&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+a+%5B4Fe-4S+%28S-cys%294%5D%2B1%2C%2B2+iron-sulfur+center+into+a+four-alpha+helix+protein+using+design+parameters+from+the+domain+of+the+Fx+cluster+in+the+Photosystem+I+reaction+center.&rft.au=Scott%2C+M+P%3BBiggins%2C+J&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protein+science+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Protein+Society&rft.issn=09618368&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: FASEB J. 1990 May;4(8):2483-91 [2185975] Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):976-8 [3043666] Biochemistry. 1990 Dec 11;29(49):10878-83 [2271687] Biochemistry. 1991 Aug 6;30(31):7863-72 [1651109] Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1653-9 [1529353] J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 25;267(36):25625-7 [1464583] Nature. 1994 Mar 31;368(6470):425-32 [8133888] Methods Enzymol. 1994;243:165-88 [7830609] Biochemistry. 1995 May 16;34(19):6328-34 [7756260] Protein Sci. 1994 Dec;3(12):2419-27 [7756995] Biochemistry. 1996 Sep 10;35(36):11832-8 [8794765] FEBS Lett. 1974 Dec 1;49(1):111-4 [4374381] Biochem J. 1976 Jul 15;158(1):71-7 [183755] J Mol Biol. 1988 Jan 5;199(1):183-93 [3351918] FEBS Lett. 1990 Dec 10;276(1-2):175-80 [2125006] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid cloning of insect transposon insertion junctions using 'universal' PCR. AN - 78808862; 9013259 AB - Very highly degenerate primers with short specific 3' anchor sequences and 5' adaptors were used in conjunction with nested specific primers to amplify large numbers of unknown insertion junctions of the insect retrotransposon Woot, using genomic DNA as template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique, sometimes referred to as universal PCR, is a powerful method for molecular characterization of transposon insertions into genomes, and more generally for short-distance chromosome walking through unknown DNA. Twenty-four unique insertion junctions were cloned and sequenced from two strains of Tribolium castaneum and one strain of T. freemani. Inspection of these sequences revealed that integration of the Woot retrotransposon is cued by the insertion target motif, GTAC, in both species. JF - Insect molecular biology AU - Beeman, R W AU - Stauth, D M AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1075, 0962-1075 KW - Retroelements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Insect KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Cloning, Molecular -- methods KW - Tribolium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78808862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Rapid+cloning+of+insect+transposon+insertion+junctions+using+%27universal%27+PCR.&rft.au=Beeman%2C+R+W%3BStauth%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Beeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09621075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U47897; GENBANK; U47903; U47898; U47904; U47895; U47905; U47906; U47896; U47893; U47894; U47900; U47901; U47902; U47913; U47912; U47911; U47910; U47907; U47916; U47908; U47915; U47909; U47914; U47899 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic and genetic analysis of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus few polyhedra mutants: mutations in the 25K FP gene may be caused by DNA replication errors. AN - 78788359; 8995630 AB - We previously demonstrated that polyhedron formation (PF) mutants arise at a high frequency during serial passage of the Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) in the L. dispar 652Y cell line (J. M. Slavicek, N. Hayes-Plazolles, and M. E. Kelly, Biol. Control 5:251-261, 1995). Most of these PF mutants exhibited the traits of few polyhedra (FP) mutants; however, no large DNA insertions or deletions that correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype were found. In this study, we have characterized several of the PF mutants at the phenotypic and genetic levels. Genetic techniques were used to group the mutations in the LdMNPV PF mutants to the same or closely linked genes. Wild-type viruses were recovered after coinfection of L. dispar 652Y cells with certain combinations of PF mutants. These viruses were analyzed by restriction endonuclease analysis and found to be chimeras of the original PF mutants used in the coinfections. Marker rescue experiments localized the mutations in one group of PF isolates to the region containing the LdMNPV 25K FP gene. The mutations in these PF mutants were identified. Four of five of the LdMNPV FP mutants contain small insertions or deletions within the 25K FP gene. The fifth LdMNPV FP mutant analyzed contained a large deletion that truncated the C terminus of the 25K FP gene product. All of the deletions occurred within the same potential hairpin loop structure, which had the lowest free energy value (most stable hairpin) of the five potential hairpin loop structures present in the 25K FP gene. One of the insertion mutants contained an extra base within a repetitive sequence. These types of mutations are likely caused by errors that occur during DNA replication. The relationship between the types of mutations found within the LdMNPV 25K FP gene and DNA replication-based mutagenesis is discussed. JF - Journal of virology AU - Bischoff, D S AU - Slavicek, J M AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, USDA Forest Service, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 1097 EP - 1106 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - DNA Replication -- genetics KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- genetics KW - Insects -- virology KW - Genes, Viral KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78788359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+and+genetic+analysis+of+Lymantria+dispar+nucleopolyhedrovirus+few+polyhedra+mutants%3A+mutations+in+the+25K+FP+gene+may+be+caused+by+DNA+replication+errors.&rft.au=Bischoff%2C+D+S%3BSlavicek%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bischoff&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U79642; GENBANK; U79641; U79644; U79643; U79640 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gen Virol. 1995 Jun;76 ( Pt 6):1451-9 [7782773] Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1616-9 [7777859] Genetics. 1995 Nov;141(3):825-32 [8582629] Virology. 1996 Feb 1;216(1):235-7 [8614994] Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):802-5 [8628995] J Virol. 1976 Jun;18(3):1040-50 [775129] Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1966;31:77-84 [5237214] J Gen Virol. 1996 Aug;77 ( Pt 8):1913-23 [8760443] Nature. 1982 Oct 7;299(5883):562-4 [6289125] J Virol. 1985 May;54(2):392-400 [3886931] Virology. 1985 Sep;145(2):356-61 [2992159] J Virol. 1986 May;58(2):684-8 [3528527] Virus Res. 1987 Jun;7(4):335-49 [2887077] Virology. 1988 Jan;162(1):206-20 [2829419] Gene. 1988 Nov 15;71(1):97-105 [3063616] Virology. 1989 Feb;168(2):344-53 [2644735] Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):156-69 [2549707] Annu Rev Entomol. 1990;35:127-55 [2154158] Virology. 1990 Feb;174(2):354-63 [2154879] Biotechniques. 1989 Apr;7(4):331-2, 334 [2698197] Genetics. 1991 Apr;127(4):649-55 [2029966] Genetics. 1991 Dec;129(4):991-1005 [1783300] J Gen Virol. 1992 Dec;73 ( Pt 12):3177-83 [1469355] Genetics. 1993 Jun;134(2):409-22 [8325478] J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1728-36 [8107234] J Gen Virol. 1994 Apr;75 ( Pt 4):829-38 [8151299] Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):1957-8 [7801121] J Bacteriol. 1995 Aug;177(15):4385-91 [7635823] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum and water stress effects on growth and proline of Sorghum AN - 16465160; 4421322 AB - Plants grown on acid soil with high exchangeable Al often show decreased growth and water deficit (WD) symptoms. Detailed comparisons of separate and combined effects between Al toxicity and WD would help identify plants for tolerance or resistance to these factors to enhance plant improvement procedures. Separate and simultaneous effects of Al toxicity and WD [induced by polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG)] on growth and proline accumulation of two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes were determined. (drought- and Al-sensitive) and SC283 (drought- and Al-resistant) sorghum were grown in a growth chamber in nutrient solutions with 0, 200, 400, and 600 mu mol/L Al and 0, 4.4, 7.0, and 9.6% PEG separately and in combination. Increased Al and WD separately decreased shoot and root dry matter, leaf area, net main axis root length, total and specific root length, (RL/root DM). The WD treatments had greater effects on growth traits than Al. Combinations of Al and PEG (Al+PEG) decreased shoot and root DM, LA, NMARL, and TRL. The LA/RL increased as Al increased, and LA /root DM and LA/RL were not affected by Al+PEG. Proline did not increase in shoots and roots of plants grown with Al, but did increase extensively when grown with WD; shoots had higher proline than roots. Combinations of Al+PEG resulted in higher proline in both shoots and roots than Al stress alone. Overall, SC283 was generally less affected by Al and WD than Redlan. JF - Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Zaifnejad, M AU - Clark, R B AU - Sullivan, CY AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservation Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 867, Airport Road, Beckley, WV 25802-0867 USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 338 EP - 344 VL - 150 IS - 3 SN - 0176-1617, 0176-1617 KW - proline KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16465160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+and+water+stress+effects+on+growth+and+proline+of+Sorghum&rft.au=Zaifnejad%2C+M%3BClark%2C+R+B%3BSullivan%2C+CY&rft.aulast=Zaifnejad&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=01761617&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf physiology, production, water use, and nitrogen dynamics of the grassland invader Acacia smallii at elevated CO sub(2) concentrations AN - 16243382; 4239621 AB - Invasion by woody legumes can alter hydrology, nutrient accumulation and cycling, and carbon sequestration on grasslands. The rate and magnitude of these changes are likely to be sensitive to the effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment on growth and water and nitrogen dynamics of leguminous shrubs. To assess potential effects of increased atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations on plant growth and acquisition and utilization of water and nitrogen, seedlings of Acacia smallii Isely (huisache) were grown for 13 months at CO sub(2) concentrations of 385 (ambient), 690, and 980 mu mol mol super(-1). Seedlings grown at elevated CO sub(2) concentrations exhibited parallel declines in leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity; however, at the highest CO sub(2) concentration, biomass production increased more than 2.5-fold as a result of increased leaf photosynthetic rates, leaf area, and N sub(2) fixation. Measurements of leaf gas exchange and aboveground biomass production and soil water balance indicated that water use efficiency increased in proportion to the increase in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration. The effects on transpiration of an accompanying decline in leaf conductance were offset by an increase in leaf area, and total water loss was similar across CO sub(2) treatments. Plants grown at elevated CO sub(2) fixed three to four times as much N as plants grown at ambient CO sub(2) concentration. The increase in N sub(2) fixation resulted from an increase in fixation per unit of nodule mass in the 690 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) treatment and from a large increase in the number and mass of nodules in plants in the 980 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) treatment. Increased symbiotic N sub(2) fixation by woody invaders in response to CO sub(2) enrichment may result in increased N deposition in litterfall, and thus increased productivity on many grasslands. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Mayeux, H S AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 89 EP - 96 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - carbon dioxide KW - grasslands KW - growth KW - nitrogen fixation KW - water relations KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16243382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Leaf+physiology%2C+production%2C+water+use%2C+and+nitrogen+dynamics+of+the+grassland+invader+Acacia+smallii+at+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+concentrations&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutralization of G-CSF inhibits ILK-induced heterophil influx: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mediates the Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine potentiation of the acute avian inflammatory response AN - 16227116; 4222098 AB - Hematopoietic colony stimulating factors (CSF) regulate the growth and development of phagocytic cell progenitors and also augment functional activation of phagocytes. Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) is the CSF that acts specifically upon granulocyte progenitor cells and mature granulocytes. We have shown that lymphokines (ILK) from T cells of birds immunized against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) induce a granulocytic (PMN) inflammatory response in chicks challenged with SE. This inflammatory response was characterized by: (a) a dramatic emigration of granulocytic cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, (b) an enhancement of the biological functions of the circulating PMNs, and (c) a directed influx of these activated PMNs to the site of bacterial invasion. In the current study, we determined the presence of G-CSF in ILK by Western blot analysis using a goat polyclonal anti-human G-CSF antibody (Ab). Using this Ab, we then evaluated the role of G-CSF in the ILK-induced protective inflammatory response in chickens against SE. Pretreatment of ILK with the Ab totally abolished the colony-stimulating activity of the ILK. Furthermore, Ab treatment of ILK resulted in: (a) an elimination of the ILK-induced peripheral blood heterophilia with a dramatic inhibition of ILK-mediated protection against SE organ invasion and (b) an elimination of accumulation of inflammatory PMNs in the peritoneum with subsequent decrease in the survival rate of chicks challenged i.p. with SE. Taken together these studies demonstrate for the first time the contribution of G-CSF to avian PMN activation and the immunoprophylaxis of SE infection by ILK in neonatal chickens. JF - Inflammation AU - Kogut, M H AU - Moyes, R AU - Deloach, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Food Animal Prot. Res. Lab., 2881 F & B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 9 EP - 26 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0360-3997, 0360-3997 KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - granulocyte colony-stimulating factor KW - inflammation KW - leukocytes (heterophilic) KW - lymphokines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06733:General KW - F 06774:Other cytokines (TNF, GM-CSF) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inflammation&rft.atitle=Neutralization+of+G-CSF+inhibits+ILK-induced+heterophil+influx%3A+Granulocyte-colony+stimulating+factor+mediates+the+Salmonella+enteritidis-immune+lymphokine+potentiation+of+the+acute+avian+inflammatory+response&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BMoyes%2C+R%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inflammation&rft.issn=03603997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in growth stimulation by elevated carbon dioxide in seedlings of some C sub(3) crop and weed species AN - 16106986; 4209851 AB - Seven C sub(3) crop and three C sub(3) weed species were grown from seed at 360 and at 700 cm super(3) m super(-3) carbon dioxide concentrations in a controlled environment chamber to compare dry mass, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and photosynthetic acclimation at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. The dry mass at the final harvest at elevated carbon dioxide relative to that at ambient carbon dioxide was highly correlated with the RGR at the lower carbon dioxide concentration. This relationship could be quite common, because it does not require that species differ in the response of RGR or photosynthesis to elevated carbon dioxide, and holds even when species differ moderately in these responses. RGR was also measured for a limited period at the end of the experiment to determine relationships with leaf gas exchange measured at this time. Relative increases in RGR at elevated carbon dioxide at this time were more highly correlated with the relative increase in NAR at elevated carbon dioxide than with the response of LAR. The amount of acclimation of photosynthesis was a good predictor of the relative increase in NAR at elevated carbon dioxide, and the long-term increase in photosynthesis in the growth environment. No differences between crops and weeds or between cool and warm climate species were found in the responses of growth or photosynthetic acclimation to elevated carbon dioxide. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Bunce, JA AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA-ARS Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 61 EP - 66 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - C3 plants KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - acclimation KW - biomass KW - plants KW - growth rate KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+growth+stimulation+by+elevated+carbon+dioxide+in+seedlings+of+some+C+sub%283%29+crop+and+weed+species&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants; biomass; growth rate; photosynthesis; acclimation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Captures of wild Mediterranean and Oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Jackson and McPhail traps baited with coffee juice AN - 16039520; 4095075 AB - We examined captures of wild Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in Jackson and McPhail traps baited with juice from ripe coffee fruits. Both and females of each species were captured. Jackson traps baited with coffee juice caught significantly more C. capitata females than did traps baited with water or trimedlure. Fewer B. dorsalis males and females were captured in traps baited with coffee juice compared with other traps. McPhail traps baited with coffee juice caught more C. capitata female and male flies than those baited with water, and they were equal to those baited with Nu-Lure or a water + sugar mixture. McPhail traps baited with coffee juice caught more B. dorsalis female and male flies than those baited with water or Nu-Lure, and they were equal to those baited with a water + sugar mixture. Findings are discussed with respect to the physiological condition of responding C. capitata females and development of a female attractant. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Prokopy, R J AU - Duan, J J AU - Albrecht, C AU - Li, Qing X AD - Trop. Fruit and Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 165 EP - 169 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Diptera KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - bait KW - traps KW - Coffea arabica KW - attractants KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Captures+of+wild+Mediterranean+and+Oriental+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+Jackson+and+McPhail+traps+baited+with+coffee+juice&rft.au=Titley%2C+Heather+K.%3BHeskin-Sweezie%2C+Raquel%3BChung%2C+Ji-Yeon+J.%3BKassardjian%2C+Charles+D.%3BRazik%2C+Fathima%3BBroussard%2C+Dianne+M.&rft.aulast=Titley&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurophysiology&rft.issn=00223077&rft_id=info:doi/10.1152%2Fjn.01056.2007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; Coffea arabica; Bactrocera dorsalis; traps; bait; attractants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved harvesting systems for wet sites AN - 16034949; 4089829 AB - Environmentally acceptable and economical forest operations are needed for sustainable management of forest resources. Improved methods for harvesting and transporting timber are especially needed for wet sites. As the demand for hardwood lumber continues to increase, improved and alternative methods are needed to ensure acceptance of timber harvesting for the wet site conditions that are typical of bottomland hardwoods. Some alternative technological developments include grapple saw feller-bunchers, wide tires, larger forwarders, clambunk skidders, two-stage hauling, mats, cable systems, helicopters and towed vehicles and air-cushioned vehicles. These developments have the potential to improve the performance of the harvesting system and to reduce the negative effects of conventional operations on conventional sites and on difficult sites such as wet areas. Although many of these new alternatives are now operational, others are just concepts or evolving prototypes. More research is still needed to optimize these alternative technologies and to reduce costs associated with their implementation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Stokes, B J AU - Schilling, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Auburn, AL, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 155 EP - 160 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 90 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - flood plains KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Improved+harvesting+systems+for+wet+sites&rft.au=Stokes%2C+B+J%3BSchilling%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flood plains; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silvicultural systems for southern bottomland hardwood forests AN - 16034084; 4089827 AB - Silvicultural systems integrate both regeneration and intermediate operations in an orderly process for managing forest stands. The clearcutting method of regeneration favors the development of species that are moderately intolerant to intolerant of shade. In fact, clearcutting is the most proven and widely used method of successfully regenerating bottomland oak species in the South. The seed-tree method of regeneration favors the establishment of light-seeded species. Mechanical soil scarification may be necessary if the desired species requires bare mineral soil for establishment. The shelterwood method of regeneration can provide for the development of heavy-seeded species, but has produced highly variable results with southern bottomland oaks. The single-tree selection method of regeneration favors the development of shade-tolerant species. When single-tree selection is applied repeatedly to stands containing commercially valuable shade-intolerant species, composition will gradually shift to less-valuable, more-tolerant species. Consequently, the single-tree selection method of regeneration is not recommended for any commercially valuable bottomland hardwood tree species. Group selection, in its strictest application, creates only small openings that usually fail to allow sufficient light to the forest floor for satisfactory establishment and development of shade-intolerant bottomland species. Patch cutting, a combination of uneven-aged (group selection) and even-aged (clearcutting) silviculture, designed to create larger openings, has been successfully used to produce an uneven-aged stand that consists of many small, irregularly shaped, even-aged groups. Silvicultural systems should include a planned program of intermediate operations designed to enhance the growth and development of those species favored during the regeneration process. Improvement cutting and commercial thinning are increasingly common in southern bottomland hardwood forests. Other partial cuttings employed today in bottomland hardwood forests typically involve some form of crop-tree release. Specific recommendations for the selection of silvicultural systems are presented for the eight most important species groups found in southern bottomland hardwood forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Meadows, J S AU - Stanturf, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 127 EP - 140 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 90 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - USA KW - Quercus KW - flood plains KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Silvicultural+systems+for+southern+bottomland+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Meadows%2C+J+S%3BStanturf%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Meadows&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA; forest management; flood plains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating disruption of Mexican rice borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in lower Rio Grande Valley sugarcane AN - 16029650; 4095084 AB - Mating disruption of Mexican rice borers, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), by synthetic pheromone applications in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was investigated in large-scale field studies. Mating disruption was assessed using pheromone trapping, mating tables, stalk dissections, and nocturnal collections of adults. Pheromone traps were inappropriate for monitoring mating disruption. Mating tables supplied useful information but overestimated effects of pheromone applications on mating activities of feral rice borer populations. Adult collections and dissections supplied the least ambiguous assessment of mating activities, but were interested most easily in the presence of other substantiating data. Pheromone applications formulated in rubber ships or microporous beads and applied in a polybutene-based adhesive did not result in appreciable levels of mating disruption, and did not control rice borer populations or reduce associated stalk injury levels. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Gillespie, J M AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 223 EP - 234 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Grass moths KW - Snout moths KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - Saccharum KW - biological control KW - mating disruption KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mating+disruption+of+Mexican+rice+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+in+lower+Rio+Grande+Valley+sugarcane&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BGillespie%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum; Eoreuma loftini; Pyralidae; USA, Texas; mating disruption; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition by the banded sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) in response to constituents of the bracts and leaves of Helianthus annuus AN - 16029167; 4095103 AB - Sunflower bracts that develop around the outer edge of the disk of a sunflower head have been reported to be the primary oviposition site for the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, Experiments were conducted with the natural bract substrate, sunflower leaves, an artificial substrate, and sunflower extracts to look for the presence of chemical components or physical properties of bract and leaf parts that stimulated oviposition by the banded sunflower moth. In choice experiments with intact sunflower bracts or leaves, C. hospes oviposited on either sunflower part with about equal frequency. The moths oviposited on an artificial substrate of floral foam but they preferred the natural substrate over the artificial substrate in a ratio of 8.8:1. The moisture content of the artificial substrate significantly influenced oviposition. Extracts of sunflower bracts or leaves prepared with water or hexane significantly stimulated oviposition over that on the control. Bract extracts prepared with ether did not show significant activity. Results of this study indicated that the leaves and bracts of sunflower contain a combination of contact chemicals, volatiles, and moisture that enhanced, in varying degrees, oviposition by the banded sunflower moth. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Barker, J F AD - Biosci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P. O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 160 EP - 164 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Helianthus anuus KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical stimuli KW - stimulants KW - plant extracts KW - Cochylis hospes KW - oviposition KW - Cochylidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Oviposition+by+the+banded+sunflower+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Cochylidae%29+in+response+to+constituents+of+the+bracts+and+leaves+of+Helianthus+annuus&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochylis hospes; Cochylidae; oviposition; stimulants; chemical stimuli; plant extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem AN - 16020032; 4089833 AB - Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality. Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rummer, B AU - Stokes, B AU - Lockaby, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Devall Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 195 EP - 200 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 90 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - paving KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - water quality KW - erosion KW - sedimentation KW - logging KW - wetlands KW - roads KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+associated+with+forest+road+surfacing+in+a+bottomland+hardwood+ecosystem&rft.au=Rummer%2C+B%3BStokes%2C+B%3BLockaby%2C+G&rft.aulast=Rummer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wetlands; logging; water quality; sedimentation; forests; roads; paving; hydrology; erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Pratylenchus neglectus in New York AN - 16013784; 4080476 AB - Soil samples were collected from a field in Wyoming County near Portageville, NY, on 29 October 1992 and 23 November 1993. The field was planted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from September 1991 to August 1992, and with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Superior from May 1993 to September 1993. Thirty and 45 samples were collected along three transects in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Two species of Pratylenchus were identified, P. neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Sch. Stek. (identification confirmed by A. M. Golden) and P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Sch. Stek. Their combined population densities were 134 plus or minus 18 (mean plus or minus SE per 100 cm super(3) soil) in 1992 and 195 plus or minus 12 in 1993. P neglectus was found in all samples, whereas P. penetrans was found in 33 and 78% of the samples in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Where both species occurred together, the density of P. neglectus was 7 to 8 times that of P. penetrans. In both years, spores of a nematode-pathogenic bacterium (probably a Pasteuria sp.) were found attached to the cuticle of P. penetrans (68% with spores in 1993) but were rarely attached to P. neglectus (less than 1% with spores). Although both Pratylenchus spp. are wide-spread in North America, this is the first report of P. neglectus in New York. Its dominance in the field was unexpected because P. penetrans and P. crenatus Loof arc typically the dominant Pratylenchus ssp. in potato production regions of northeastern North America (1). The presence of the bacterium, which appeared to be host-specific for P. penetrans, may help explain the dominance of P. neglectus. JF - Plant Disease AU - Timper, P AU - Brodie, B B AD - USDA, ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-0331, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 228 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Prateylenchus neglectus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - USA, New York KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Pratylenchus+neglectus+in+New+York&rft.au=Timper%2C+P%3BBrodie%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Timper&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Triticum aestivum; USA, New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new report of rhizomania and other furoviruses infecting sugar beet in Minnesota AN - 16011235; 4080481 JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Widner, J N AU - Duffus, JE AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Sears, J L AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St. Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 229 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - rhizomania KW - Beta vulgaris KW - beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - USA, Minnesota KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16011235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+new+report+of+rhizomania+and+other+furoviruses+infecting+sugar+beet+in+Minnesota&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BWidner%2C+J+N%3BDuffus%2C+JE%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BSears%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beta vulgaris; USA, Minnesota; rhizomania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A supercolony of the thatch ant Formica obscuripes Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Blue Mountains of Oregon AN - 16001237; 4081466 AB - Foliage-foraging ants have often been demonstrated to be important predators of tree defoliating insects such as western spruce budworm. Because of the importance of ants as pest suppression agents, we were interested in describing a rare supercolony of western thatching ants (Formica obscuripes Forel) from the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. The supercolony occupies a site within a second-growth mixed-conifer stand near Lehman Hot Springs, approximately 20 km east of Ukiah, Umatilla County, Oregon. In October 1993, the 4-hectare colony had 210 active nests, with the largest nest having an aboveground volume of 6 m super(3). Location of primary nests was not related to canopy cover, although nests tended to be associated with stumps and down woody debris. Nest excavations in May and June 1995 allowed estimation of the total nestbound population for the supercolony at 56 million individuals; addition of the foraging population would increase this estimate substantially. We estimate that to maintain the current worker population the supercolony would require at least 470 kg dry weight of food from its foraging territory annually, or about 11 times the total dry weight of western spruce budworm that might typically occupy the site at any given time during an outbreak. Thatching ants may have had a significant effect on populations of defoliating insects at Lehman Hot Springs during the last western spruce budworm outbreak (1980-1992), since the forest stand occupied by the supercolony was visibly less defoliated than the surrounding mixed-conifer stands. JF - Northwest Science AU - McIver, J D AU - Torgersen, T R AU - Cimon, N J AD - Blue Mountains Nat. Resour. Inst., USDA Forest Serv., 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 18 EP - 29 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - environmental effects KW - Hymenoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Formicidae KW - colonies KW - food consumption KW - Formica obscuripes KW - USA, Oregon KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16001237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=A+supercolony+of+the+thatch+ant+Formica+obscuripes+Forel+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+from+the+Blue+Mountains+of+Oregon&rft.au=McIver%2C+J+D%3BTorgersen%2C+T+R%3BCimon%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=McIver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formica obscuripes; Formicidae; USA, Oregon; colonies; population density; food consumption ER - TY - CONF T1 - Isocupressic acid and related diterpene acids from Pinus ponderosa as abortifacient compounds in cattle AN - 15999896; 4080205 AB - Consumption of Pinus ponderosa needles by cattle in late stages of pregnancy is known to cause abortions. We recently demonstrated that isocupressic acid, a diterpene acid from the pine needles, was an active abortifacient compound when given orally to pregnant cattle. Acetyl and succinyl derivatives of isocupressic acid are also active abortifacients in cattle, apparently after ruminal activation by ester hydrolysis to isocupressic acid, following oral administration. Acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acid have been shown to be rapidly metabolized to isocupressic acid in vitro in active rumen fluid with 50% conversion after two to four hours, respectively. Intravenous infusion of isocupressic acid induced abortion in three of four cows while i.v. infusion of acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acid failed to induce abortion. Isocupressic acid is rapidly metabolized by the post-absorptive system to structurally similar diterpene acid compounds, including the predominant serum metabolite agathic acid. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Gardner AU - Panter, KE AU - Molyneux, R J AU - James, L F AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Pfister, JA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - cattle KW - agathic acid KW - isocupressic acid KW - diterpene acids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - abortion KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15999896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Isocupressic+acid+and+related+diterpene+acids+from+Pinus+ponderosa+as+abortifacient+compounds+in+cattle&rft.au=Gardner%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne microwave radiometry on a semi-arid area during HAPEX-Sahel AN - 15996676; 4080373 AB - Airborne microwave radiometric measurements in the framework of the HAPEX-Sahel Experiment were performed by the Push Broom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) and the PORTOS radiometer. The flights of both radiometers produced an original set of data covering the 1.4-90 GHz range of frequency. The East and West Central Super Sites were the areas most intensively observed by the microwave radiometers. Over those sites, several brightness temperature (T sub(B)) maps are available at seven dates distributed over a 1 month period in the middle of the rainy season. A comparison of the two radiometers demonstrates their radiometric quality and the precision of the localization of the microwave observations. At 1.4 GHz, the vegetation had very little effect on the soil microwave emission. Maps of soil moisture were developed using a single linear relationship between T sub(B) and the surface soil moisture. There is an important spatial heterogeneity in the soil moisture distribution, which is explained by both the soil moisture hydrodynamic properties and the localization of the precipitation fields. At 5.05 GHz, the vegetation must be accounted for to infer soil moisture from the microwave observations. A method based on a simple radiative transfer model and on microwave data has shown encouraging results. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Chanzy, A AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Calvet, J-C AU - Kerr, Y AU - Van Oevelen, P AU - Grosjean, O AU - Wang, J R AD - USDA, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20740, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 285 EP - 309 VL - 188-189 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - HAPEX-Sahel KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - spatial distribution KW - semiarid lands KW - mapping KW - Africa, Sahelian Zone KW - heterogeneity KW - vegetation KW - radiometry KW - microwaves KW - temperature KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Airborne+microwave+radiometry+on+a+semi-arid+area+during+HAPEX-Sahel&rft.au=Chanzy%2C+A%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BCalvet%2C+J-C%3BKerr%2C+Y%3BVan+Oevelen%2C+P%3BGrosjean%2C+O%3BWang%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Chanzy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=188-189&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: HAPEX-SAHEL. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa, Sahelian Zone; microwaves; radiometry; semiarid lands; temperature; vegetation; mapping; soil water; heterogeneity; spatial distribution ER - TY - CONF T1 - Gliotoxin, a mycotoxin associated with cases of avian aspergillosis AN - 15996006; 4080204 AB - Gliotoxin is a toxic metabolite produced by species of several genera of fungi, most notably by Aspergillus fumigatus, the major causative agent of avian aspergillosis. This mycotoxin has demonstrated activities against bacteria and fungi, is quite cytotoxic, and is a potent immunosuppressive compound. It has been shown to be produced by A. fumigatus in the pathogenic state of a mycosis involving the bovine udder and after inoculation of this organism into the peritoneal cavity of mice. More recently, gliotoxin was the major suspect mycotoxin involved in an intoxication of camels consuming moldy hay. We have shown that this compound was produced by most of the isolates of A. fumigatus involved in an outbreak of aspergillosis among turkeys, was very cytotoxic to turkey peripheral lymphocytes and was produced in turkeys with aspergillosis by experimentally inoculating them with a gliotoxin-producing isolate of this organism. We have also found gliotoxin in turkey lung and air-sac tissue naturally infected with A. fumigatus and taken from the turkeys at the time of slaughter. The nature of the involvement of this compound in aspergillosis is not known but because of its properties it has the potential to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Richard, J L Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - turkeys KW - gliotoxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - lymphocytes KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - aspergillosis KW - immunosuppressive agents KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Gliotoxin%2C+a+mycotoxin+associated+with+cases+of+avian+aspergillosis&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Old-growth mangrove forests in the United States AN - 15990998; 4074549 AB - Criteria used to identify old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest have not been proven applicable in other ecological life zones. For example, Pacific Northwest criteria are not suitable for the identification of old-growth mangrove forests. To identify old-growth mangroves one has to take into account differences in stand structure and function due to geomorphology, within-site environmental gradients, and regional disturbance regimes. A flexible and holistic approach is needed. Stand age, defined in terms of Pacific Northwest forests, is not necessarily the best criterion for identifying for conservation mangrove forests or any forest outside the Pacific Northwest. No single stand will have all old-growth characteristics, and even if they are present in a stand, these characteristics do not necessarily assure that the stand is old growth. Whether a mangrove stand reaches old-growth stage depends on the dynamics of coastal conditions under which it grows. Moreover, it is necessary to differentiate between the age of trees in a stand and the age of the mangrove system, which includes the substrate. Old-growth mangrove stands are improbable states for this ecosystem type, and they can revert to younger stages. Mangroves offer a challenge to the concept of the old-growth forest, and through our analysis of this system we show that when ecosystem functions and states are evaluated it is necessary to avoid geographic biases based on particular ecological conditions. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Lugo, A E AD - Intl. Inst. Tropical Forest., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-5000 Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 VL - 11 IS - 1,11 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - forest industry KW - old growth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin Is. KW - mangrove swamps KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Brackish KW - environmental protection KW - ASW, USA KW - nature conservation KW - USA KW - mangroves KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico KW - conservation KW - ecosystem management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15990998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Old-growth+mangrove+forests+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1%2C11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; nature conservation; mangroves; ecosystem management; forest industry; mangrove swamps; conservation; environmental protection; old growth; ASW, USA; USA; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin Is.; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico; ISE, USA, Hawaii; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using mark-recapture methods to estimate fish abundance in small mountain lakes AN - 15985200; 4083911 AB - The majority of lacustrine fish populations in the western USA are located far from the nearest road. Although mark-recapture techniques are widely accepted for estimating population abundance, these techniques have been broadly ignored for fisheries surveys in remote mountain lakes because of restricted access and associated logistical constraints. In this study, mark-recapture experiments were used to estimate fish population abundance in nine small (<7 ha) lakes of the North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Seven of the study lakes supported reproducing populations of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) or rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout in the other two lakes did not reproduce naturally, and the lakes were stocked with cutthroat trout fry. Fish in the mark sample were collected by angling, fin-clipped, and immediately released; fish were recaptured with variable mesh monofilament gill nets. A single-census Petersen estimator was used to calculate abundance in each lake, and assumptions for unbiased estimates appeared to be satisfied in most cases. Post-release mortality of angler-captured fish was low. The small size of these lakes in conjunction with the brief period of time allotted for each individual experiment apparently reduced the probability of unequal vulnerability and mortality for marked and unmarked fish. Single-census mark-recapture experiments appeared to provide reasonable estimates of population abundance in these mountain lakes. Resulting estimates furnish a substantial increase in information when compared to more ubiquitous assessments of relative abundance, but the logistical requirements are modest. We believe that this technique may useful for survey purposes in other small, remote lakes. JF - Northwest Science AU - Gresswell, R E AU - Liss, W J AU - Lomnicky, G A AU - Deimling, E K AU - Hoffman, R L AU - Tyler, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Oncorhynchus clarki KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Pisces KW - fish management KW - fishery management KW - freshwater fish KW - lake fisheries KW - marking and tracking techniques KW - montane environments KW - population status KW - salmon fisheries KW - sport fishing KW - stock assessment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Washington KW - tagging KW - USA, Washington, Cascades Mts. KW - population dynamics KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Using+mark-recapture+methods+to+estimate+fish+abundance+in+small+mountain+lakes&rft.au=Gresswell%2C+R+E%3BLiss%2C+W+J%3BLomnicky%2C+G+A%3BDeimling%2C+E+K%3BHoffman%2C+R+L%3BTyler%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gresswell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sport fishing; salmon fisheries; tagging; freshwater fish; lakes; fishery management; lake fisheries; stock assessment; population dynamics; marking and tracking techniques; montane environments; population status; fish management; Pisces; Oncorhynchus clarki; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA, Washington; USA, Washington, Cascades Mts.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detachment in a simulated rill AN - 15946361; 4055818 AB - The effects of water and sediment inflow to the top of a 25 cm wide rill with a fine sand bed at 5% slope with no rainfall and no infiltration were determined by using a new laboratory apparatus called a rill simulator. A significant sediment feedback effect on the detachment by flow at the top of the flume was determined with data obtained from laser elevation scans. Observations of the detachment that occurred in the rill were thus comparable with those predicted by the detachment equation in the WEPP model (Foster et al., 1995). For low sediment inflow rates, the detachment equation could be adjusted to predict reasonable results of detachment in the rill, but parameter estimation (rill erodibility, critical shear stress, transport capacity) was difficult. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Cochrane, T A AU - Flanagan, D C AD - USDA-ARS, NSERL, Purdue Univ., 1196 Bldg. SOIL, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - rill simulator KW - WEPP model KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - flumes KW - comparison studies KW - flow rates KW - sediment transport KW - mathematical equations KW - prediction KW - experimental data KW - sediment concentration KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15946361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Detachment+in+a+simulated+rill&rft.au=Cochrane%2C+T+A%3BFlanagan%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical equations; sediment transport; flumes; flow rates; sediment concentration; experimental data; prediction; comparison studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative relationship between sticky trap catch and beat tray counts of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Seasonal, sex, and morphotypic effects AN - 15929201; 4048319 AB - Adult pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), were monitored with beat trays, yellow sticky traps, and clear sticky traps for 2 yr at 3 orchards to determine whether a general relationship exists between tray counts and sticky trap catch. Samples were also categorized according to morphotype of the insect (summerform versus winterform), diapause status of winterforms (diapausing versus postdiapause and reproductive), and sex of the insect. Most (42 of 48) of the samples indicated that trap catch varied significantly with tray count (by linear regression analysis). However, aside from the fall winterform generation, no general relationship between trap catch and tray count was noted. Results suggest that sticky trap counts often had a large behavioral or activity component that obscured density effects. These effects were especially noticeable in the spring winterform generation and the summerform generation. Factors affecting sticky trap catch included sex of the insect, reproductive status, trap color, insect age, and leaf fall. We suggest that these factors, as well as others not explored here (e.g., weather), contributed to the lack of a general relationship between tray and trap counts. Previous work indicates that either method predicts damage to the tree; thus, for pest-management decisions, both sampling methods are useful. However, for more precise questions about absolute densities of adults, we suggest that beat trays should be preferred. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Horton AU - Lewis, T M AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 170 EP - 177 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - seasonal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sampling KW - traps KW - sex differences KW - Psyllidae KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15929201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+relationship+between+sticky+trap+catch+and+beat+tray+counts+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29%3A+Seasonal%2C+sex%2C+and+morphotypic+effects&rft.au=Horton%3BLewis%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; traps; sampling; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of doubled CO sub(2) on water use by alfalfa and orchard grass: Simulating evapotranspiration using canopy conductance measurements AN - 15927140; 4047235 AB - Alfalfa and orchard grass crops were grown at ambient and twice ambient carbon dioxide concentrations in field plots for several years in Beltsville, MD, using semi-open chambers. Canopy conductances throughout many days were determined from water vapour exchange measurements, and indicated significant reductions in canopy conductance to water vapour at elevated carbon dioxide in both species. However, recognizing that the artificial ventilation in the chambers made direct comparisons of evapotranspiration rates questionable, we used a soil-vegetation-atmosphere model to determine what field-scale evapotranspiration rates would have been with natural ventilation. Unlike the 'omega' approach, the model used allowed feedbacks between the canopy and the atmosphere, such that, for example, canopy conductance responses affected profiles of temperature and water vapour. Simulations indicated that although canopy conductances were lower at elevated carbon dioxide by as much as 20% in alfalfa and 60% in orchard grass, evapotranspiration rates never differed by more than 3% in alfalfa or 8% in orchard grass. Daily totals of evapotranspiration were only 1-2% lower at elevated carbon dioxide in alfalfa, and 2-5% lower in orchard grass. The results are partly explained by the fact that aerodynamic conductances to water vapour were generally smaller than the stomatal conductance, and also by canopy-atmosphere feedback processes which largely compensated for the lower conductance at elevated carbon dioxide by increasing the gradient for evaporation. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Bunce, JA AU - Wilson, K B AU - Carlson, T N AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 81 EP - 87 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - USA, Maryland, Beltsville KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - ventilation KW - grasses KW - water use KW - field tests KW - conductance KW - stomata KW - canopy KW - alfalfa KW - evapotranspiration KW - simulation KW - carbon dioxide KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15927140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+doubled+CO+sub%282%29+on+water+use+by+alfalfa+and+orchard+grass%3A+Simulating+evapotranspiration+using+canopy+conductance+measurements&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA%3BWilson%2C+K+B%3BCarlson%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; water use; alfalfa; grasses; simulation; evapotranspiration; canopy; field tests; ventilation; stomata; conductance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of peach latent mosaic viroid in stone fruits and its transmission with contaminated blades AN - 15926550; 4048516 AB - Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is widely distributed (approximately 55%) in peach germplasm from Europe, Asia, North America, and South America. PLMVd, or a closely related viroid, was occasionally detected in cherry, plum, and apricot germplasm from countries in Europe or Asia. The cherry isolate of PLMVd is 337 nucleotides in length and is 91 to 92% homologous to PLMVd isolates from peach. Molecular hybridization experiments demonstrated that PLMVd is not related to the agent of peach mosaic disease. PLMVd was readily transmitted (50 to 70%) by contaminated blades to green shoots and lignified stems of peach GF-305 plants. These results indicate that the viroid may be transmitted in orchards with contaminated pruning equipment. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hadidi, A AU - Giunchedi, L AU - Shamloul, A M AU - Poggi-Pollini, C AU - Amer, MA AD - Natl. Germplasm Resour. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 106, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - disease transmission KW - pruning KW - equipment KW - peach latent mosaic viroid KW - contamination KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15926550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+peach+latent+mosaic+viroid+in+stone+fruits+and+its+transmission+with+contaminated+blades&rft.au=Hadidi%2C+A%3BGiunchedi%2C+L%3BShamloul%2C+A+M%3BPoggi-Pollini%2C+C%3BAmer%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Hadidi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - peach latent mosaic viroid; disease transmission; equipment; pruning; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid evaluation of plant extracts and essential oils for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea AN - 15922711; 4045040 AB - A rapid assay to determine antifungal activity in plant extracts and essential oils is described. Wells in microtiter plates were loaded with Botrytis cinerea spores and plant extracts or essential oils. Subsequent changes in optical density following spore germination in the wells was measured after 24 h using an automatic microtiter plate reader driven by a software program developed for this purpose. Extracts from 345 plants and 49 essential oils were evaluated for their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among 345 plant extracts analyzed, 13 showed high levels of antifungal activity, with species of Allium and Capsicum predominating. Among the 49 essential oils tested, palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), red thyme (Thymus zygis) cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllata) demonstrated the most antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The most frequently occurring constituents in essential oils showing high antifungal activity were: D-limonene, cineole; beta -myrcene; alpha -pinene, beta -pinene; and camphor. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, CL AU - Solar, J M AU - El Ghaouth, A AU - Wisniewski, ME AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 204 EP - 210 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Capsicum KW - antifungal activity KW - Allium KW - essential oils KW - extracts KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15922711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Rapid+evaluation+of+plant+extracts+and+essential+oils+for+antifungal+activity+against+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CL%3BSolar%2C+J+M%3BEl+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BWisniewski%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Allium; Capsicum; antifungal activity; essential oils; extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polymerase chain reaction protocol for the detection of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease AN - 15920279; 4045036 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed that amplified a 360-bp DNA product unique to Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa), the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease. The assay utilizes previously described PCR primers that target the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Primer pair Ala4/L1 allowed amplification of a 360-bp DNA fragment from 71 Xa strains including representatives of serovats I, II, and III. Fragments of different sizes were also amplified from three unidentified saprophytic bacteria from sugarcane. Xa could be detected at a lower bacterial concentration with the PCR protocol than with a serological dot blot assay. With PCR, as little as 1.25 pg of Xa genomic DNA (125 fg if followed by Southern blot hybridization), or as few as 0 to 5 CFU of Xa per reaction were detected from infected sugarcane sap and leaf diffusate. Five CFU of Xa per reaction were detected from suspension culture. The PCR protocol provides a rapid, reliable, and economical tool for routine detection and identification of Xa. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pan, Y-B AU - Grisham, M P AU - Burner, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., Sugarcane Res. Unit, P.O. Box 470, Houma, LA 70361, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 189 EP - 194 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - scald KW - detection KW - Saccharum KW - Xanthomonas albilineans KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15920279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+polymerase+chain+reaction+protocol+for+the+detection+of+Xanthomonas+albilineans%2C+the+causal+agent+of+sugarcane+leaf+scald+disease&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y-B%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BBurner%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y-B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas albilineans; Saccharum; polymerase chain reaction; scald; detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early-season migratory flights of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 15905839; 4038313 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the frequency, intensity, and displacement of migratory flights of adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), from the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico during the citrus blooming period in February and March 1994. Samples of daily collections of adult male H. zea from pheromone traps in the valley (10) and southern Texas (21) were examined for the presence of citrus pollen using scanning electron microscopy. H. zea were captured at all locations except Alpine, TX. Based on samples of the daily collections, citrus pollen-contaminated H. zea were captured as far as 661 km from the valley. However, the valley is the nearest source of commercial citrus production. Insect flight trajectories from the valley were estimated using wind velocity data at 500 m above ground level and an assumed insect air speed of 5 m/s. Probability of daily capture of H. zea at locations that were 112-711 km from the valley were significantly related to duration of the estimated insect flight trajectory; minimum air temperature at the trap location; and daily average trap capture in the valley. The independent variables: duration of estimated insect flight trajectory, duration of estimated insect trap location, and the 1-d lag of minimum air temperature at the flight trajectory were significantly related to the daily capture of citrus pollen-contaminated H. zea. Wind trajectories measured by mylar balloons (tetroons) and hourly weather data (i.e., wind, precipitation, and air temperature) may explain some of the residual variance of the logistic regressions. The logistic regression equations can be used to estimate the probability of occurrence of daily capture of corn earworm for use as an advisory to agriculturists, regulatory personnel, and research scientists. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Westbrook, J K AU - Wolf, W W AU - Lingren, P D AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Matis, J H AU - Eyster, R S AU - Esquivel, J F AU - Schleider, P G AD - Areawide Pest Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 2771 F&B Rd., Coll. Stn., TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 12 EP - 20 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - flight KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - migration KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Mexico KW - USA, Texas KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15905839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Early-season+migratory+flights+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+J+K%3BWolf%2C+W+W%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BMatis%2C+J+H%3BEyster%2C+R+S%3BEsquivel%2C+J+F%3BSchleider%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Helicoverpa zea; Mexico; USA, Texas; migration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased pheromone production in wild tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to host plants and host chemicals AN - 15900880; 4038976 AB - Compared with the laboratory colony females, 1st-generation feral (wild F sub(1)) females of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), produced little sex pheromone unless exposed to a host plant. Pheromone production in wild F sub(1) females was induced by both cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., squares and tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., buds. With either of the hosts, physical contact evoked a significantly higher response than did exposure to volatile compounds from these plant parts. Of the 12 tobacco chemicals and a corn, Zea mays L., silk extract tested with wild F sub(1) females, oxidized alpha + beta -4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols (oxy-DVT-diols), alpha -4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diol ( alpha -DVT-diol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8 alpha ,15-diol (labdenediol), and the corn silk extract evoked high pheromone production. Pheromone production may require host plant-based signals to assure that a suitable host is available for oviposition by the female, once it is mated. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Raina, A K AU - Jackson, D M AU - Severson, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 101 EP - 105 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Noctuidae KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Zea mays KW - Heliothis virescens KW - host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - sex pheromone KW - pheromone emission KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Increased+pheromone+production+in+wild+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+exposed+to+host+plants+and+host+chemicals&rft.au=Raina%2C+A+K%3BJackson%2C+D+M%3BSeverson%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; Gossypium hirsutum; Nicotiana tabacum; Zea mays; pheromone emission; host plants; sex pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus to navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 15900178; 4039104 AB - The multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus (MNPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), has a relatively broad host range within the order Lepidoptera. Preliminary tests indicated that AfMNPV was infectious to the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). The pathogenicity of AfMNPV to a laboratory colony of A. transitella was established. AfMNPV was infectious to A. transitella with an LC sub(50) of 36 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/mm super(2) of diet surface. Histopathology showed that PIBs were concentrated in the midgut but also were found in the hypodermis, fat body, and tracheal matrix. Malpighian tubules and ganglia also showed evidence of infection. The virus did not cause any damaging effects to the survivors of a sublethal dose (LC sub(50)). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cardenas, F A AU - Vail, P V AU - Hoffmann, D F AU - Tebbets, J S AU - Schreiber, F E AD - Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 131 EP - 134 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - pathogenicity KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Noctuidae KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - disease transmission KW - Amyelois transitella KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Infectivity+of+celery+looper+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+multiple+nucleocapsid+polyhedrosis+virus+to+navel+orangeworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Cardenas%2C+F+A%3BVail%2C+P+V%3BHoffmann%2C+D+F%3BTebbets%2C+J+S%3BSchreiber%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Cardenas&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Pyralidae; Anagrapha falcifera; Amyelois transitella; pathogenicity; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-scale measurements and simulations of effect of application methods on soil methyl bromide emission AN - 15892733; 4029277 AB - Methyl bromide (bromomethane, MeBr), which originates from the oceans, fumigation, and a few other sources, is reportedly contributing to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Due to the heavy reliance on this fumigant in the production of many crops, it is of particular importance to accurately quantify the atmospheric input of MeBr arising from agricultural uses, and develop feasible measures to minimize these emissions. In this study, we determined the effect of two important application variables, surface tarp and injection depth, on MeBr transport and transformation in the soil and its emission from the soil surface under controlled conditions. Following 20- and 30-cm injections, covering the soil surface with 1-mil (0.025 mm) high-density polyethylene film resulted in an average of 48% reduction in MeBr emission. Increasing the injection depth from 20 to 60 cm caused a decrease in MeBr emission of 54% under untarped conditions and 40% under tarped conditions. The influence of application methods on MeBr atmospheric emissions should be considered when estimating the contribution of agricultural fumigation to the overall atmospheric MeBr burden on a global scale. The results also indicate that MeBr emission after soil fumigation may be substantially minimized by using surface tarpaulins and deep injections. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Spencer, W F AU - Yates, M V AU - Jury, WA AD - USDA-ARS Soil Phys. and Pesticides Res. Unit, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 310 EP - 317 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emission measurements KW - fumigation KW - environmental impact KW - agriculture KW - simulation KW - stratosphere KW - soil KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15892733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Laboratory-scale+measurements+and+simulations+of+effect+of+application+methods+on+soil+methyl+bromide+emission&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BSpencer%2C+W+F%3BYates%2C+M+V%3BJury%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; emission measurements; environmental impact; agriculture; fumigation; stratosphere; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pollyannas vs. the chicken little -- enough already! AN - 15891527; 4034659 AB - In the "Perils of Pollyannas," (Conservation Biology 9: 701-703) Reed F. Noss seems to consider those who write about hopeful trends in U.S. environmental conditions to be threats to conservation. He dismisses the environmental optimists, not only as being wrong-headed perpetrators of misinformation, but as actually dangerous "because a public out of touch with the natural world cannot see the fallaciousness of their claims." As one set of the misguided souls referenced by Noss, we take issue with the allegations leveled at us. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Salwasser, H AU - MacCleery, D W AU - Snellgrove, T A AD - Forest Serv., USDA, One Central Auditors, 201 14th St. SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 283 EP - 286 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - conservation KW - environmental perception KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15891527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=The+pollyannas+vs.+the+chicken+little+--+enough+already%21&rft.au=Salwasser%2C+H%3BMacCleery%2C+D+W%3BSnellgrove%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Salwasser&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; environmental perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive interactions among symbiotic fungi of the southern pine beetle AN - 15887753; 4034092 AB - The southern pine beetle, a damaging pest of conifers, is intimately linked to three symbiotic fungi. Two fungi, Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus and Entomocorticium sp. A, are transported within specialized structures (mycangia) in the beetle exoskeleton and are mutualists of the beetle. A third fungus, Ophiostoma minus, is transported externally on the beetle exoskeleton (phoretically) and is an antagonist of the beetle. This study examined competitive interactions among these three fungi. The results of the Wit replacement series and primary and secondary resource capture assays with these fungi provide strong evidence for differential competition between the phoretic and mycangial fungi. O. minus was the most able to capture both uncolonized and colonized resources. Entomocorticium sp. A and C. ranaculosus, although equal to one another in competitive abilities, differed in their ability to compet with O. minus. Entomocorticium sp. A was able to maintain space free of O. minus to a much greater degree than was C. ranaculosus. The outcome of such competitive interactions may have significant impacts on the biology of this ecologically and economically important beetle. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Wilkens, R T AD - USDA For. Serv., 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, PA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 621 EP - 627 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus KW - Entomocorticium KW - Ophiostoma minus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Scolytidae KW - symbiosis KW - fungi KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - competition KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15887753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Competitive+interactions+among+symbiotic+fungi+of+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BWilkens%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; symbiosis; competition; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicidal activity of cecropin A AN - 15882137; 4028980 AB - Cecropin A (CA) fungicidal properties were explored. Nongerminated and germinated Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. conidia were treated with CA. CA achieved complete lethality at less than or equal to 25 mu M (99 mu g /ml) for germinating, but not nongerminating, conidia of Aspergillus spp. CA achieved total lethality for nongerminated and germinating conidia of Fusarium spp at 1.5 mu M (6 mu g/ml). MIC and minimal lethal concentration assays in buffered RPMI medium gave similar results. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - DeLucca, A J AU - Bland, J M AU - Jacks, T J AU - Grimm, C AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 481 EP - 483 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - cecropin A KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - Aspergillus KW - fungicidal activity KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15882137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Fungicidal+activity+of+cecropin+A&rft.au=DeLucca%2C+A+J%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BJacks%2C+T+J%3BGrimm%2C+C%3BCleveland%2C+TE%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=DeLucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Fusarium; fungicidal activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil depth approach to soil quality assessment AN - 15868817; 4024701 AB - Soil quality is a term associated with soil suitability for productivity and environmental quality-related uses. It is often assessed from quantitative measurements of soil properties that can exhibit a wide range of variability across the landscape due to differences in soil formation and erosion processes. Thus, the depth to some profile feature that delineates the zone in which most soil processes are restricted to (effective soil depth ESD) must be included in the development of soil quality indices that apply spatially. Our objective was to determine the potential of ESD as an integrator of properties that change with depth and are used to characterize productivity and erodibility, two common indicators of soil quality. Selected soil properties were determined for a range of ESD above a fragipan horizon which restricted soil water movement and rooting depths. As ESD decreased from 100 to 20 cm, productivity decreased and erodibility generally increased. These adverse changes in soil quality were attributed to the modification of several properties that were highly correlated with ESD. Therefore, ESD is considered a reasonably accurate method of assigning a soil quality index to soils that have a limited depth. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Lindbo, D L AD - USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Sedimentation Lab., Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 66 EP - 72 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - ESD KW - soil quality KW - soil depth KW - assessments KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil properties KW - environmental quality KW - runoff KW - indexing KW - soil erosion KW - clay minerals KW - productivity KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+soil+depth+approach+to+soil+quality+assessment&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BLindbo%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental quality; soil properties; productivity; indexing; soil erosion; runoff; clay minerals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of wheat residue cover in the Great Plains and Pacific Northwest AN - 15867881; 4024700 AB - Nine devices were used to visually measure percent residue cover on fields following a crop of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The devices were four lines with various arrangements of bead markers, a measuring tape, and four wheels with markers located on or near the wheel perimeter. Emphasis was on wheat residues, including low residue cover as found following intense tillage of Pacific Northwest non-irrigated wheatlands. Sources of measurement variation were studied for each of the nine devices to determine if any of the methods/devices were preferable for documenting residue cover in conditions of extended weathering and multiple tillages. The fields were located in the Southern Great Plains and the Columbia Plateau area of the Pacific Northwest. A total of nine field sites were intensely measured, with three operators taking 1000 point readings with each device. Residue cover varied from 6 to 84%-cover ("%-cover" is the unit of measure). Field conditions ranged from fallow with as many as seven tillages to long-term no-till. Measurement precision and operation time were similar for the four line and wheel type devices. Precision, as evaluated by the mean range of data values, ranged between 7.7 to 9.7%-cover. Excluding another type of transect line, the measuring tape, field time to take 1000 points averaged only 22.3 min. The tape took 50% more field time and is not recommended. Any differences in measured cover caused by the line bead arrangements or wheel designs, were either small or were masked by large variations among operators and spatial differences across the fields. Other factors, including length, height, stubble row spacing, and initial amount of residue, as well as surface roughness were also either masked or not important. Measurement variations by operators within replications and across replications were of the same order of magnitude, at plus or minus 2 to 7%-cover. When combined, these sources of variation generally exceeded the arbitrary criteria of allowable variations of plus or minus 3%-cover (originally based on plus or minus 10% of 30% mean cover, which defined the critical value of residue cover for a tillage system to be "Conservation Tillage" (CTIC, 1995)). Of course, as residue cover values become small, such as 6 to 10%-cover, then the plus or minus 3%-cover is really an allowable tolerance of plus or minus 33 to 50%. This points out the need either for more appropriate allowance criteria or for the development of measurement instruments which will achieve more precision than is currently possible with any of the visual-measurement devices/methods used in this study. Results showed that fields with low amounts of weathered wheat residues may be measured with the same devices and methods as fields with higher amounts of residues. The range of observed values and absolute variation became smaller as cover decreased. Because the field sites spanned a wide range of conditions, the results should apply to most dryland wheat production areas. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Morrison, JE Jr AU - Rickman, R W AU - McCool, D K AU - Pfeiffer, K L AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 59 EP - 65 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - wheat KW - precision KW - agricultural practices KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - data acquisition KW - variability KW - crop production KW - detritus KW - evaluation KW - spatial distribution KW - USA, Great Plains KW - erosion control KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15867881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+wheat+residue+cover+in+the+Great+Plains+and+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Morrison%2C+JE+Jr%3BRickman%2C+R+W%3BMcCool%2C+D+K%3BPfeiffer%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat; detritus; agricultural practices; precision; erosion control; crop production; evaluation; variability; spatial distribution; data acquisition; USA, Great Plains; USA, Pacific Northwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of watershed curve number using derived distributions AN - 15867664; 4024998 AB - Curve numbers (CNs) are developed from measured rainfall (P) and runoff (Q) data, yet there is no standard method for determining CN. The original method of CN determination used maximum annual events. Subsequent development treated measured P and Q data as frequency distributions. In this paper, derived frequency distributions are evaluated as another method for determining watershed CNs from measured data, treating P and Q data as separate frequency distributions. A Monte Carlo simulation showed the derived-distribution method gave fewer variable estimates of CN for a wide range of sample sizes than two other methods for CN estimation. CN estimates using measured data with the derived-distribution method agreed well with CN estimated by the asymptotic method for the watershed types tested. The derived-distribution and asymptotic methods were in agreement, and the other methods gave lower CN estimates for the "violent" watershed type. CN was indeterminate for the derived-distribution and asymptotic methods for "complacent" watersheds. The derived-distribution method has a potential for determining CNs when there are limited P and Q data. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., North Appalachian Exptl. Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coschocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 28 EP - 36 VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - curve numbers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrologic data KW - rainfall KW - runoff KW - watershed management KW - frequency distribution KW - Monte Carlo method KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15867664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Determination+of+watershed+curve+number+using+derived+distributions&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - watershed management; hydrologic data; rainfall; runoff; frequency distribution; Monte Carlo method ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasma induced free-branching in commercial poinsettia cultivars AN - 15825901; 4008586 AB - Free-branching poinsettia cultivars that produce numerous axillary shoots are essential for propagating desirable multi-flowered poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild. Klotz). For more than a decade, a biological agent has been suspected to cause free-branching in poinsettias. Attempts to identify the branching agent have failed. Isolation of the pathogen was accomplished using a living host and it was concluded that an unculturable phytoplasma is the cause of free-branching in poinsettias. This is the first reported example of a pathogenic phytoplasma as the causal agent of a desirable and economically important trait. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Klopmeyer, M AU - Bartoszyk, I M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Chou, Tau-San AU - Thomson, K L AU - Eisenreich, R AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 178 EP - 182 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - free-branching KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - poinsettia mosaic virus KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - phytoplasma KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phytoplasma+induced+free-branching+in+commercial+poinsettia+cultivars&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BKlopmeyer%2C+M%3BBartoszyk%2C+I+M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BChou%2C+Tau-San%3BThomson%2C+K+L%3BEisenreich%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ing-Ming&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplasma; poinsettia mosaic virus; Euphorbia pulcherrima ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Conservation Policy Analysis: An Interregional, Multi-Output, Primal-Dual Optimization Approach AN - 1038617460; 17020267 AB - An interregional, multi-output, normalized restricted-equilibrium model of field-crop agriculture is estimated within the context of a multistage, programming-based, system estimation procedure. Implicit, total economic-cost functions endogenize behavioral, opportunity adjustment costs of fixed and allocatable land and water resources. Crop-specific, Marshallian water-demand elasticities are estimated for restricted and unrestricted groundwater substitution environments, and decomposed by water source. Elasticities are inelastic, but water-price policy reform can be an effective water-conservation policy tool when groundwater use is unrestricted. When groundwater use is restricted, effective conservation policy requires more dramatic water-price policy reform. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Schaible, Glenn D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 163 EP - 177 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - multi-output production KW - water policy KW - water-demand elasticities KW - Q250 KW - Q280 KW - Agriculture KW - policy reform KW - Water conservation KW - Conservation KW - Water resources KW - Groundwater KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038617460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Water+Conservation+Policy+Analysis%3A+An+Interregional%2C+Multi-Output%2C+Primal-Dual+Optimization+Approach&rft.au=Schaible%2C+Glenn+D&rft.aulast=Schaible&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1243951 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; policy reform; Water conservation; Water resources; Conservation; Groundwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243951 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrating Benefit Function Transfer to Assess the Conservation Reserve Program AN - 1038617446; 17020258 AB - Benefit transfer offers an inexpensive alternative to conducting an original study to determine economic value. Unfortunately, benefit transfers can also result in biased welfare estimates. In this paper, we suggest a method of calibrating the benefit transfer to reduce this bias. An empirical example to determine the benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program on water-based recreation illustrates the potentially large biases that can result if the transfer is not calibrated. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Feather, Peter AU - Hellerstein, Daniel AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 151 EP - 162 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - benefit transfer KW - Conservation Reserve Program KW - double hurdle model KW - random utility model KW - soil erosion KW - Q250 KW - Q260 KW - Economics KW - Conservation KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038617446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Calibrating+Benefit+Function+Transfer+to+Assess+the+Conservation+Reserve+Program&rft.au=Feather%2C+Peter%3BHellerstein%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Feather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1243950 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Conservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243950 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xylitol and riboflavin accumulation in xylose-grown cultures of Pichia guilliermondii AN - 910664621; 15667194 AB - Seven strains of Pichia guilliermondii (Candida guilliermondii, asexual state) from diverse isolation sources were examined for the production of xylitol and riboflavin in xylose-grown cultures. Under the conditions tested, all strains produced xylitol from xylose; conversion efficiencies varied, on a strain-specific basis, from 7% to 36% of the initial substrate. Four of seven strains metabolized xylitol immediately as xylose levels became depleted. The remaining three strains metabolized xylitol slowly and incompletely. Surprisingly, utilization of xylitol showed an apparent relationship with riboflavin production. Strains that readily metabolized xylitol produced at least threefold greater levels of riboflavin than did strains that used xylitol slowly. Moreover, riboflavin accumulation took place during xylitol consumption. P. guilliermondii strains that produced the highest levels of riboflavin on xylose produced significantly less riboflavin when grown on glucose or directly on xylitol. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, US PY - 1997 SP - 58 EP - 61 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xylose KW - Riboflavin KW - Pichia guilliermondii KW - Xylitol KW - Glucose KW - Candida guilliermondii KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/910664621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Xylitol+and+riboflavin+accumulation+in+xylose-grown+cultures+of+Pichia+guilliermondii&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530050888 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Riboflavin; Xylitol; Glucose; Pichia guilliermondii; Candida guilliermondii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050888 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on implementation of the final rule on pathogen reduction and HACCP. AN - 79652515; 10343032 JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Glavin, M AD - Office of Policy, Program Development, and Evaluation, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 323 EP - 325 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Salmonella KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Meat-Packing Industry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79652515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Update+on+implementation+of+the+final+rule+on+pathogen+reduction+and+HACCP.&rft.au=Glavin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Glavin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of an Aspergillus flavus transformant expressing Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase in maize kernels resistant to aflatoxin production. AN - 79650484; 10465048 AB - Kernels of a maize inbred that demonstrated resistance to aflatoxin production in previous studies were inoculated with an Aspergillus flavus strain containing the Escherichia coli beta-D-glucuronidase reporter gene linked to a beta-tubulin gene promoter and assessed for both fungal growth and aflatoxin accumulation. Prior to inoculation, kernels were pin-wounded through the pericarp to the endosperm, pin-wounded in the embryo region, or left unwounded. After 7 days incubation with the fungus, beta-glucuronidase activity (fungal growth) in the kernels was quantified using a fluorogenic assay and aflatoxin B content of the same kernels was analyzed. Kernels of a susceptible inbred, similarly treated, served as controls. Results indicate a positive relationship between aflatoxin levels and the amount of fungal growth. However, resistant kernels wounded through the pericarp to the endosperm before inoculation supported an increase in aflatoxin B over levels observed in nonwounded kernels, without an increase in fungal growth. Wounding kernels of the resistant inbred through the embryo resulted in both the greatest fungal growth and the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 for this genotype. Maintenance of resistance to aflatoxin B1 in endosperm-wounded kernels may be due to the action of a mechanism which limits fungal access to the kernel embryo. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Brown, R L AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Payne, G A AU - Woloshuk, C P AU - White, D G AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 84 EP - 87 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Food Contamination KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Glucuronidase -- genetics KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79650484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Growth+of+an+Aspergillus+flavus+transformant+expressing+Escherichia+coli+beta-glucuronidase+in+maize+kernels+resistant+to+aflatoxin+production.&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+L%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BPayne%2C+G+A%3BWoloshuk%2C+C+P%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of allelochemicals and their enzymatic oxidation products to maize fungal pathogens, emphasizing Fusarium graminearum. AN - 79572490; 9496376 AB - A series of stable quinones and their precursors, and enzymatic oxidation products of plant allelochemicals were tested for their effect on maize fungal pathogens, primarily Fusarium graminearum. Benzoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than hydroquinone, while 1,2-naphthoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. Aspergillus flavus was the most resistant fungus to these compounds, while Phoma medicaginis was the most susceptible. Applying tyrosinase in conjunction with several phenolic compounds only increased the toxicity of gallic acid to Fusarium graminearum. Applying peroxidase generally increased toxicity of all compounds tested to this fungus in a dose-dependent fashion. Ferulic acid was generally the most toxic compound, both alone and when combined with peroxidase and H2O2, followed by coumaric acid. These results suggest that enzymatic oxidation of plant allelochemicals may result in the generation of products that either are directly toxic to maize pathogens, or indirectly inhibitory due to their ability to tie up nutrients. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dowd, P F AU - Duvick, J P AU - Rood, T AD - U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 180 EP - 185 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Benzoquinones KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Coumaric Acids KW - Hydroquinones KW - Naphthols KW - Quinones KW - Dihydroxyphenylalanine KW - 63-84-3 KW - Horseradish Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.18.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Fungi -- enzymology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Ascomycota -- drug effects KW - Naphthols -- pharmacology KW - Dihydroxyphenylalanine -- pharmacology KW - Horseradish Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Hydroquinones -- pharmacology KW - Benzoquinones -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Benzoquinones -- pharmacology KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- drug effects KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Hydroquinones -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Quinones -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Quinones -- pharmacology KW - Coumaric Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79572490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+allelochemicals+and+their+enzymatic+oxidation+products+to+maize+fungal+pathogens%2C+emphasizing+Fusarium+graminearum.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BDuvick%2C+J+P%3BRood%2C+T&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne salmonellosis. AN - 79252513; 9282390 AB - Foodborne diseases caused by non-typhoid Salmonella are a very important public health problem and an economic burden in many parts of the world. Salmonellosis data from the WHO Global Databank on Foodborne Disease, from the literature and from the WHO Surveillance Programme in Europe were reviewed for the years 1985-1995, showing an apparent increase in the incidence of salmonellosis in many parts of the world. In industrialized countries, this increase may be due to the emergence and increase of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium DT104. In order to reduce the incidence of human foodborne salmonellosis, measures should be taken simultaneously during the production, processing, distribution, retail marketing and handling/preparation of food to prevent the introduction of Salmonella and its multiplication. These control measures need to be supported by effective foodborne disease surveillance programmes which make it possible to recognize and investigate outbreaks and emerging pathogens, and to assess the need for and evaluate interventions by monitoring longer term trends. JF - World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales AU - Gomez, T M AU - Motarjemi, Y AU - Miyagawa, S AU - Käferstein, F K AU - Stöhr, K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SN - 0379-8070, 0379-8070 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - World Health Organization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Global Health KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- economics KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79252513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+health+statistics+quarterly.+Rapport+trimestriel+de+statistiques+sanitaires+mondiales&rft.atitle=Foodborne+salmonellosis.&rft.au=Gomez%2C+T+M%3BMotarjemi%2C+Y%3BMiyagawa%2C+S%3BK%C3%A4ferstein%2C+F+K%3BSt%C3%B6hr%2C+K&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+health+statistics+quarterly.+Rapport+trimestriel+de+statistiques+sanitaires+mondiales&rft.issn=03798070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting atrazine fate in north central U.S. soils. AN - 79124162; 9216258 AB - Atrazine persistence and fate are influenced by many factors, the interactions of which are difficult to predict. Several models, such as LEACHP (Wagenet and Hutson 1989), have been used as tools to estimate losses and identify variables that will impact the magnitude of loss. The LEACHP model was evaluated for predicting atrazine movement in sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam soils during three consecutive years (two dry and one wet) in Minnesota (Khakural et al. 1995). Considering the broad range in soil properties and climatic conditions used in testing, the model performed well. However, these are only estimates, and additional field studies need to be conducted to verify model results. In a report by Fausey et al. (1995), the amount of atrazine found in groundwater throughout the Midwestern region was reported to be much below the MCL. However, specific sites in the Midwest may struggle with atrazine problems from both point and nonpoint sources of contamination. Some states, such as South Dakota, have created groundwater protection areas that alert growers and the public to sensitive areas where contamination may occur because of soil type, depth to groundwater, and distance to public wellheads. Wisconsin has developed a tiered managerial strategy, or zoning approach, in which restrictions are matched to pollution detections (Wolf and Nowak 1996). The USEPA has mandates for states to implement generic management plans to prevent pesticide contamination of groundwater. Chemical-specific plans by states will be required for at least five pesticides, one of which will be atrazine. Best management practices have been and are continuing to be developed to aid the grower in lessening the adverse impacts of atrazine. With continuing research into understanding the problem and developing solutions, and with adaptation of these recommendations by growers, the use of effective, inexpensive herbicides may continue with minimal off-site environmental effects. JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Clay, S A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 117 EP - 165 VL - 151 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Midwestern United States KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Atrazine -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79124162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+atrazine+fate+in+north+central+U.S.+soils.&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BClay%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative histopathology of intestinal infections. AN - 79083702; 9191985 AB - Intestinal infections are characterized by a range of histologic changes. Some examples (moving progressively deeper into the tissue from the intestinal lumen) are: 1) Enterotoxigenic E. coli infections are characterized by layers of E. coli adherent to villous epithelium, usually with little or no apparent structural damage to the mucosa. 2) The term enteropathogenic E. coli infection designates a disease characterized by E. coli attached intimately to the epithelial cell surface membrane with effacement of brush border microvilli. 3) Rotavirus infections are characterized by destruction of villous epithelial cells. Parvovirus infections are characterized by destruction of crypt epithelial cells. 4) Some intracellular infections with Campylobacter-like organisms are characterized by epithelial cell hyperplasia. 5) Hemorrhagic colitis in humans, caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains, is characterized by mucosal hemorrhage and edema indicative of vascular necrosis. 6) Most of these lesions are accompanied by some degree of inflammation. Neurophils and lymphocytes mediate some of the structural and functional changes characteristic of these infections. Some changes are mediated directly by microbial products. Additional examples of the complexity of these diseases are: 1) Edema disease of swine is characterized both by adherent E. coli and vascular necrosis (each process mediated by a different bacterial virulence attribute). 2) Rotavirus infections are characterized both by destruction of villous epithelial cells and compensatory hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells. 3) There is suggestive evidence that enterohemorrhagic E. coli infections may involve: a) destruction of epithelial brush border by attaching-effacing E. coli, b) neutrophil mediated epithelial cell destruction, c) Shiga-like toxin mediated epithelial cell destruction and d) Shiga-like toxin mediated vascular necrosis which in turn causes ischemic damage to epithelium. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Moon, H W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York 11944, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 EP - 19 VL - 412 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hyperplasia -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Diarrhea -- pathology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- pathology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- pathology KW - Necrosis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Protozoan Infections -- pathology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- toxicity KW - Microvilli -- pathology KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Cholera -- pathology KW - Intestinal Diseases -- pathology KW - Intestinal Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79083702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Comparative+histopathology+of+intestinal+infections.&rft.au=Moon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum ratios on milk fever in dairy cows. AN - 78839856; 9120088 AB - The effects of prepartum dietary concentrations of K, Na, and Ca on the incidence of periparturient hypocalcemia or milk fever was determined for older (> or = 4th lactation) Jersey cows. Cows were fed one of six diets differing in K and Ca contents. In addition, the effect of dietary Na (tested only at the high concentration of dietary Ca, and low concentration of dietary K) was examined. Treatments were arranged in an incomplete 2 x 4 factorial design; dietary Ca (0.5 or 1.5%) and dietary strong cations (1.1, 2.1, and 3.1% K or 1.3% Na) were the main effects. Dietary Ca did not significantly affect the incidence of milk fever of the degree of hypocalcemia experienced by the cows. Milk fever occurred in 2 of 20 cows that were fed the prepartum diet containing 1.1% K and 0.12% Na. Increasing dietary K to 2.1 or 3.1% increased the incidence of milk fever to 10 of 20 cows and 11 of 23 cows, respectively. Increasing dietary Na to 1.3% in the diet containing 1.5% Ca induced milk fever in 5 of 8 cows. Addition of strong cations to the prepartum diet increased blood and urine pH and reduced plasma hydroxyproline concentrations, suggesting that bone resorption of Ca is inhibited in cows fed high K or high Na diets as a result of metabolic alkalosis. These data demonstrated that dietary Ca concentration is not a major risk factor for milk fever and that dietary strong cations, especially K, induce metabolic alkalosis in the prepartum dairy cow, which reduces the ability of the cow to maintain Ca homeostasis. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Goff, J P AU - Horst, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 176 EP - 186 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Bicarbonates KW - 0 KW - Cations KW - Potassium Compounds KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - potassium bicarbonate KW - HM5Z15LEBN KW - Hydroxyproline KW - RMB44WO89X KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Cattle KW - Bicarbonates -- adverse effects KW - Bicarbonates -- administration & dosage KW - Potassium Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Urine KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Potassium Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Hydroxyproline -- blood KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cattle Diseases KW - Parturient Paresis -- etiology KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Potassium -- adverse effects KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium -- administration & dosage KW - Potassium -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78839856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+addition+of+potassium+or+sodium%2C+but+not+calcium%2C+to+prepartum+ratios+on+milk+fever+in+dairy+cows.&rft.au=Goff%2C+J+P%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cholesterol: a two-edged sword in brain aging. AN - 78780066; 8981037 AB - Previous research from several laboratories has indicated that cholesterol (CHO) accumulates in neuronal membranes and alters their structural and signal transduction (ST) properties during aging. The possible reasons for these increases in membrane CHO have not been specified. However, present findings suggest that such accumulation may actually serve to protect neuronal tissue from oxidative damage. Striatal slices (6, 24 month rats) were preincubated in 1 mM CHO (30 min) followed by incubation with H2O2 (10 microM, 30 min). The slices were then either superfused with 30 mM KCl in the presence or absence of 500 microM oxotremorine (Ox), and K(+)-evoked dopamine release (K(+)-ERDA) examined or assessed for carbachol-stimulated low K(m) GTPase activity. The results indicated that CHO incubation prior to H2O2 in either age group was effective in preventing H2O2 reductions in both non-Ox-enhanced K(+)-ERDA and Ox conditions, as well as sodium nitroprusside (SNP 150 microM)-induced decreases in K(+)-ERDA. In addition, H2O2-induced deficits in carbachol-stimulated low K(m) GTPase activity were reduced in the striatal tissue from the old animals pretreated with CHO. However, if the slices were incubated in H2O2 prior to CHO exposure, CHO enhanced the H2O2 effects in the tissue from the old animals. Thus, depending upon the order of exposure, CHO functioned to enhance or retard the effects of oxidative stress, in an age-dependent manner. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Joseph, J A AU - Villalobos-Molinas, R AU - Denisova, N A AU - Erat, S AU - Strain, J AD - USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 455 EP - 462 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Proteins KW - 0 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - GTP Phosphohydrolases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Dopamine -- secretion KW - Animals KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiology KW - GTP Phosphohydrolases -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Cholesterol -- physiology KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78780066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Cholesterol%3A+a+two-edged+sword+in+brain+aging.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BVillalobos-Molinas%2C+R%3BDenisova%2C+N+A%3BErat%2C+S%3BStrain%2C+J&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in soil taxonomy; a shared heritage AN - 64842213; 250283-12 JF - Mitteilungen der Oesterreichischen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft AU - Arnold, R W AU - Ahrens, R J AU - Engel, R J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 167 EP - 170 PB - Oesterreichische Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft, Vienna VL - 55 SN - 0029-893X, 0029-893X KW - soils KW - classification KW - taxonomy KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64842213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Trends+in+soil+taxonomy%3B+a+shared+heritage&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W%3BAhrens%2C+R+J%3BEngel%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitteilungen+der+Oesterreichischen+Bodenkundlichen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0029893X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International symposium on Soil system behaviour in time and space N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #52268 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; soils; taxonomy ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Social Change on National Forests in Southern California: A Qualitative Study of Hispanic Leisure T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61719309; 97S32803 AB - Sociologists have determined that users of urban proximate US National Forest wildland areas come from a variety of ethnic/racial, age, education, income, & other sociodemographic categories. To measure the association of these variables to variables such as patterns of outdoor activities, & to examine how increasing numbers of visitors to wildland recreation sites -- concomitant with changing sociodemographic characteristics -- affect the management of natural areas, four Mexican-American families in southern CA were interviewed in depth about their leisure styles & preferences. Findings show that their experiences & expectations are quite different from those of European Americans typically found at natural sites; resource managers need to adjust their service delivery strategies accordingly. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Chavez, Deborah J Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 KW - US National Forest wildland areas, recreation/leisure-time use, Mexican-/European-American families KW - interviews KW - southern California KW - California KW - Outdoor Recreation KW - Leisure KW - Social Change KW - Parks KW - Mexican Americans KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - proceeding KW - 0842: mass phenomena; sociology of leisure/tourism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61719309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Social+Change+on+National+Forests+in+Southern+California%3A+A+Qualitative+Study+of+Hispanic+Leisure&rft.au=Chavez%2C+Deborah+J&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of subsurface drains on runoff losses of metolachlor and trifluralin from Mississippi River Alluvial soil AN - 52707586; 1997-052343 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Southwick, L M AU - Willis, G H AU - Mercado, O A AU - Bengtson, R L Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 106 EP - 109 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - United States KW - ecosystems KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - East Baton Rouge Parish Louisiana KW - triazines KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - Baton Rouge Louisiana KW - sediments KW - Mississippi River KW - Louisiana KW - trifluralin KW - soils KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - metolachlor KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - atrazine KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - residence time KW - pesticides KW - Alluvial soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52707586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+subsurface+drains+on+runoff+losses+of+metolachlor+and+trifluralin+from+Mississippi+River+Alluvial+soil&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BMercado%2C+O+A%3BBengtson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; Alluvial soils; atmospheric precipitation; atrazine; Baton Rouge Louisiana; concentration; detection; drainage; East Baton Rouge Parish Louisiana; ecosystems; herbicides; infiltration; Louisiana; metolachlor; Mississippi River; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; rainfall; residence time; runoff; sediments; soils; toxic materials; transport; triazines; trifluralin; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquerts and aquertic soils; a querulous proposition AN - 52685711; 1997-068247 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Jacob, J S AU - Griffin, R W AU - Miller, W L AU - Wilding, L P A2 - Vepraskas, M. J. A2 - Sprecher, S. W. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 61 EP - 77 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 50 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Victoria County Texas KW - Vertisols KW - Texas KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - research KW - Jefferson County Texas KW - Aquerts KW - taxonomy KW - pH KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52685711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Aquerts+and+aquertic+soils%3B+a+querulous+proposition&rft.au=Jacob%2C+J+S%3BGriffin%2C+R+W%3BMiller%2C+W+L%3BWilding%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Aquic conditions and hydric soils; the problem soils N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquerts; field studies; Gulf Coastal Plain; Jefferson County Texas; pH; research; soils; taxonomy; Texas; United States; Vertisols; Victoria County Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrology, morphology, and redox potentials in four soils of south central Alaska AN - 52685592; 1997-068250 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Clark, Mark H AU - Ping, Chien-Lu A2 - Vepraskas, M. J. A2 - Sprecher, S. W. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 113 EP - 131 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 50 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Matanuska Valley KW - Susitna River basin KW - Southern Alaska KW - morphology KW - pressuremeters KW - wetlands KW - tensiometers KW - south-central Alaska KW - Alaska KW - instruments KW - Eh KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52685592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Hydrology%2C+morphology%2C+and+redox+potentials+in+four+soils+of+south+central+Alaska&rft.au=Clark%2C+Mark+H%3BPing%2C+Chien-Lu&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Aquic conditions and hydric soils; the problem soils N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; climate; Eh; hydrology; instruments; Matanuska Valley; monitoring; morphology; pressuremeters; soils; south-central Alaska; Southern Alaska; Susitna River basin; tensiometers; United States; water quality; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; gravel deposits north of Mount Ellen, Henry Mountains, Utah; part 5 AN - 52632358; 1998-023050 JF - Geology Studies AU - Godfrey, Andrew E A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 390 EP - 391 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - United States KW - Mount Ellen KW - Henry Mountains KW - Bull Creek KW - stream transport KW - Quaternary KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - water erosion KW - mapping KW - gravel KW - piedmonts KW - Cenozoic KW - benches KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - depositional environment KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52632358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+gravel+deposits+north+of+Mount+Ellen%2C+Henry+Mountains%2C+Utah%3B+part+5&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benches; Bull Creek; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; depositional environment; erosion; fluvial features; geomorphology; gravel; Henry Mountains; mapping; Mount Ellen; piedmonts; Quaternary; sediments; stream transport; United States; Utah; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; long-term measurements of soil creep rates on Mancos Shale badland slopes; part 3 AN - 52632321; 1998-023048 JF - Geology Studies AU - Godfrey, Andrew E A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 386 EP - 387 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - United States KW - Henry Mountains KW - erosion KW - Cretaceous KW - slopes KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - Cenozoic KW - movement KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - Quaternary KW - Colorado Plateau KW - Mancos Shale KW - statistical analysis KW - rates KW - Mesozoic KW - creep KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - Colorado KW - badlands KW - regression analysis KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52632321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+long-term+measurements+of+soil+creep+rates+on+Mancos+Shale+badland+slopes%3B+part+3&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; badlands; Cenozoic; Colorado; Colorado Plateau; creep; Cretaceous; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; geomorphology; Henry Mountains; Mancos Shale; Mesozoic; movement; Quaternary; rates; regression analysis; slopes; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; part 1, Road log AN - 52629841; 1998-023046 JF - Geology Studies AU - Everitt, Benjamin L AU - Godfrey, Andrew E AU - Anderson, Robert S AU - Howard, Alan D A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 373 EP - 383 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - United States KW - Henry Mountains KW - glaciation KW - erosion KW - Cretaceous KW - guidebook KW - landforms KW - field trips KW - vegetation KW - gravel KW - road log KW - Cenozoic KW - Garfield County Utah KW - sediments KW - Quaternary KW - Fremont River KW - clastic sediments KW - Mancos Shale KW - Wayne County Utah KW - Mesozoic KW - lithofacies KW - boreholes KW - creep KW - Pleistocene KW - alluvium KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52629841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+part+1%2C+Road+log&rft.au=Everitt%2C+Benjamin+L%3BGodfrey%2C+Andrew+E%3BAnderson%2C+Robert+S%3BHoward%2C+Alan+D&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., strat. cols., sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; boreholes; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; creep; Cretaceous; erosion; field trips; Fremont River; Garfield County Utah; geomorphology; glaciation; gravel; guidebook; Henry Mountains; landforms; lithofacies; Mancos Shale; Mesozoic; Pleistocene; Quaternary; road log; sediments; United States; Utah; vegetation; Wayne County Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quaternary geology and geomorphology, northern Henry Mountains region; wind erosion of Mancos Shale badlands; part 2 AN - 52621932; 1998-023047 JF - Geology Studies AU - Godfrey, Andrew E A2 - Link, Paul Karl A2 - Kowallis, Bart J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 384 EP - 385 PB - Brigham Young University, Department of Geology, Provo, UT VL - 42, Part 2 SN - 0068-1016, 0068-1016 KW - vertical movements KW - United States KW - Henry Mountains KW - erosion KW - Cretaceous KW - Mancos Shale KW - wind erosion KW - erosion features KW - Mesozoic KW - depressions KW - atmospheric pressure KW - Utah KW - geomorphology KW - badlands KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52621932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+Studies&rft.atitle=Quaternary+geology+and+geomorphology%2C+northern+Henry+Mountains+region%3B+wind+erosion+of+Mancos+Shale+badlands%3B+part+2&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42%2C+Part+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geology+Studies&rft.issn=00681016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - BYGSAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric pressure; badlands; Cretaceous; depressions; erosion; erosion features; geomorphology; Henry Mountains; Mancos Shale; Mesozoic; United States; Utah; vertical movements; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Middle Holocene aeolian activity on the High Plains of west-central Kansas AN - 52616076; 1998-018811 JF - The Holocene AU - Olson, C G AU - Nettleton, W D AU - Porter, D A AU - Brasher, B R Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 255 EP - 261 PB - Edward Arnold, Sevenoaks VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0959-6836, 0959-6836 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - spatial distribution KW - radioactive isotopes KW - dates KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - absolute age KW - thickness KW - Great Plains KW - paleosols KW - horizons KW - soils KW - sand KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Cimarron River KW - Quaternary KW - middle Holocene KW - clastic sediments KW - landform evolution KW - grain size KW - models KW - provenance KW - Kansas KW - west-central Kansas KW - loess KW - Arkansas River valley KW - alluvium KW - C-14 KW - landscapes KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52616076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Holocene&rft.atitle=Middle+Holocene+aeolian+activity+on+the+High+Plains+of+west-central+Kansas&rft.au=Olson%2C+C+G%3BNettleton%2C+W+D%3BPorter%2C+D+A%3BBrasher%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Holocene&rft.issn=09596836&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://hol.sagepub.com/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; alluvium; Arkansas River valley; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; Cimarron River; clastic sediments; dates; grain size; Great Plains; Holocene; horizons; isotopes; Kansas; landform evolution; landscapes; loess; middle Holocene; models; North America; paleoclimatology; paleosols; pedogenesis; provenance; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; sand; sediments; soils; spatial distribution; thickness; United States; west-central Kansas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing salt load in irrigation district drainage water AN - 52519593; 1999-015630 JF - Proceedings - International Association for Hydraulic Research Congress = Congres de l'Association Internationale de Recherches Hydrauliques AU - Ayars, J E AU - Soppe, R W AU - Cone, D AU - Wichelns, D A2 - Holly, Forrest M., Jr. A2 - Alsaffar, Adnan A2 - Findikakis, Angelos N. A2 - Stauffer, Fritz Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 277 EP - 282 PB - [International Association for Hydraulic Research Congress] VL - 27, Theme C KW - United States KW - water quality KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - San Joaquin Valley KW - selenium KW - drainage KW - water management KW - evaporites KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - California KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Kesterson Reservoir KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52519593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+International+Association+for+Hydraulic+Research+Congress+%3D+Congres+de+l%27Association+Internationale+de+Recherches+Hydrauliques&rft.atitle=Managing+salt+load+in+irrigation+district+drainage+water&rft.au=Ayars%2C+J+E%3BSoppe%2C+R+W%3BCone%2C+D%3BWichelns%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27%2C+Theme+C&rft.issue=&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+International+Association+for+Hydraulic+Research+Congress+%3D+Congres+de+l%27Association+Internationale+de+Recherches+Hydrauliques&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Water for a changing global community; the 27th congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Published by ASCE for IAHR N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PCIRD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; chemically precipitated rocks; drainage; evaporites; ground water; irrigation; Kesterson Reservoir; salt; San Joaquin Valley; sedimentary rocks; selenium; United States; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land capability classification; the U.S. experience AN - 52243256; 2001-028665 JF - Advances in Geoecology AU - Helms, D A2 - Yaalon, Dan H. A2 - Berkowicz, Simon Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 159 EP - 175 PB - Catena Verl., Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 29 KW - United States KW - soils KW - nomenclature KW - government agencies KW - techniques KW - standardization KW - research KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - history KW - description KW - classification KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52243256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Geoecology&rft.atitle=Land+capability+classification%3B+the+U.S.+experience&rft.au=Helms%2C+D&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=3923381409&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Geoecology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04228 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; description; government agencies; history; land use; nomenclature; research; Soil Conservation Service; soil surveys; soils; standardization; surveys; techniques; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic geometry relationships in streams of the Pacific Northwest AN - 51657172; 2005-076818 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Castro, Janine M AU - Peterson, Gary L Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 91 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 40 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - hydraulics KW - Pacific Coast KW - channels KW - streams KW - discharge KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51657172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+geometry+relationships+in+streams+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Castro%2C+Janine+M%3BPeterson%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Janine&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 40th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; discharge; hydraulics; Pacific Coast; streams ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assembled notes from the "Friends" Pensauken field trip, May 1949 AN - 51493002; 2007-017728 JF - Guidebook - Annual Reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference AU - Flint, R F AU - Stanford, Scott D AU - Witte, Ron W AU - Ashley, Gail M AU - Epstein, Jack B AU - Shaw, Richard K AU - Wright, John Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 PB - University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene, Orono, ME VL - 60 KW - United States KW - lithostratigraphy KW - Quaternary KW - surficial geology KW - field trips KW - weathering KW - Miocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Tertiary KW - Pensauken Formation KW - Neogene KW - sediments KW - stratigraphic units KW - Pliocene KW - unconformities KW - New Jersey KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51493002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.atitle=Assembled+notes+from+the+%22Friends%22+Pensauken+field+trip%2C+May+1949&rft.au=Flint%2C+R+F%3BStanford%2C+Scott+D%3BWitte%2C+Ron+W%3BAshley%2C+Gail+M%3BEpstein%2C+Jack+B%3BShaw%2C+Richard+K%3BWright%2C+John&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/pdf/1997Ledgewood.pdf http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - ME N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06645 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; field trips; lithostratigraphy; Miocene; Neogene; New Jersey; Pensauken Formation; Pliocene; Quaternary; sediments; stratigraphic units; surficial geology; Tertiary; unconformities; United States; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey AN - 51490936; 2007-017731 JF - Guidebook - Annual Reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference AU - Witte, Ron W AU - Epstein, Jack B AU - Wright, John AU - Stanford, Scott D AU - Ashley, Gail M AU - Shaw, Richard K Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 7.1 EP - 7.23 PB - University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene, Orono, ME VL - 60 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - lithostratigraphy KW - tectonic elements KW - petrology KW - Quaternary KW - guidebook KW - surficial geology KW - landforms KW - field trips KW - glacial features KW - paleoclimatology KW - areal geology KW - road log KW - Cenozoic KW - Tertiary KW - Neogene KW - stratigraphic units KW - Pliocene KW - New Jersey KW - geomorphology KW - 13:Areal geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51490936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.atitle=Pliocene-Quaternary+geology+of+northern+New+Jersey&rft.au=Witte%2C+Ron+W%3BEpstein%2C+Jack+B%3BWright%2C+John%3BStanford%2C+Scott+D%3BAshley%2C+Gail+M%3BShaw%2C+Richard+K&rft.aulast=Witte&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Guidebook+-+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Northeastern+Friends+of+the+Pleistocene+Field+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/pdf/1997Ledgewood.pdf http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/friends/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - ME N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06645 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - areal geology; Cenozoic; field trips; geomorphology; glacial features; guidebook; hydrology; landforms; lithostratigraphy; Neogene; New Jersey; paleoclimatology; petrology; Pliocene; Quaternary; road log; stratigraphic units; surficial geology; tectonic elements; Tertiary; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SoilView; a soil survey report for today's technology AN - 51281885; 2008-034422 JF - Illinois GIS & Mapnotes AU - D'Avello, Tom AU - McLeese, Robert L Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 23 EP - 26 PB - Illinois University, Illinois GIS Association Center for Governmental Studies, DeKalb, IL VL - 15 IS - Fall KW - soils KW - technology KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - information management KW - data management KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - information systems KW - SoilView KW - data storage KW - digitization KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51281885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+GIS+%26+Mapnotes&rft.atitle=SoilView%3B+a+soil+survey+report+for+today%27s+technology&rft.au=D%27Avello%2C+Tom%3BMcLeese%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=D%27Avello&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=Fall&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Illinois+GIS+%26+Mapnotes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04388 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data management; data processing; data storage; digitization; geographic information systems; information management; information systems; mapping; soils; SoilView; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of fish and sediment samples from Mississippi Delta rivers AN - 51044521; 1997-057758 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Pennington, Karrie A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 228 EP - 236 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 27 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - Chordata KW - surface water KW - Mississippi Delta KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - atomic absorption spectra KW - biota KW - bioaccumulation KW - Pisces KW - detection KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - Louisiana KW - Vertebrata KW - pesticides KW - mercury KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51044521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+fish+and+sediment+samples+from+Mississippi+Delta+rivers&rft.au=Pennington%2C+Karrie&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Karrie&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 27th Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; atomic absorption spectra; bioaccumulation; biota; Chordata; concentration; detection; Louisiana; mercury; metals; Mississippi Delta; pesticides; Pisces; pollution; sediments; spectra; surface water; toxicity; United States; Vertebrata; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furrow irrigation infiltration with multiple traffic and increased axle mass AN - 26523940; 2001-35-000487 (CE); 0280310 (EN) AB - Pullman clay loam and related soils in the Southern High Plains are slowly to moderately permeable, and furrow wheel traffic reduces irrigation infiltration rates. Traffic effects were evaluated with treatments of one (1) and two (2) furrow passes with relatively light (L) and heavy (H) tractors of 4.1 and 8.2 Mg (9,000 and 18,000 lb) mass, respectively, having 75% of the mass on the rear axle. Treatments are designated L-1, L-2, H-1, and H-2. Both larger tractor mass and repeated traffic increased tillage zone compaction and reduced irrigation infiltration rates and total infiltration. Soil strength (cone penetrometer) from wheel traffic compaction was greatest at the 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in.) depth for all treatments, which is near the bottom of the 150 m (6 in.) primary tillage zone. For the first 8-h infiltration test after tillage, using a flowing furrow infiltrometer, the L-1, L-2, H-1, and H-2 treatments reduced average infiltration by 23, 33, 38, and 43%, respectively; compared with 212 mm (8.3 in.) of infiltration for the no-traffic check. Because of furrow surface layer consolidation after the first irrigation, infiltration for all treatments was about 20% less during the second tests about 60 days later. The check infiltrated 171 mm (7.3 in.) and traffic induced infiltration reductions were 16, 23, 28, and 36%, respectively, for L-1, L-2, H-1, and H-2 treatments. A better understanding of variable furrow traffic effects on irrigation infiltration enables producers to improve water application efficiency by using traffic compaction to reduce excessive early season infiltration or by limiting traffic where low infiltration is a concern later in a crop season. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Allen, R R AU - Musick, J T AD - USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX, USA PY - 1997 SP - 49 EP - 53 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Infiltration KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic engineering KW - Furrows KW - Irrigation KW - Compacts KW - Tillage KW - Tractors KW - Axles KW - Wheels KW - Efficiency KW - Crops KW - Loams KW - Clay (material) KW - Surface layer KW - Constraining KW - Measuring instruments KW - Consolidation KW - Magnesium base alloys KW - Article KW - EE 601.2:MACHINE COMPONENTS (EN) KW - EE 663.1:HEAVY DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES KW - EE 821.3:AGRICULTURAL METHODS KW - EE 821.1:AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26523940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Furrow+irrigation+infiltration+with+multiple+traffic+and+increased+axle+mass&rft.au=Allen%2C+R+R%3BMusick%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractal modeling of airborne laser altimetry data AN - 26516162; 2001-61-001530 (CE); 0293477 (EN) AB - Airborne laser altimetry is a remote sensing technique that can provide high resolution data on the roughness of the landscape both for estimating water balance components and for distinguishing between landscapes. Models of the scale-dependent roughness are needed to find scales most appropriate for these purposes. Our objectives were to apply fractal scaling to high-resolution profiling laser altimetry data and to determine fractal parameters for differentiating land cover. Data were collected at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico over grass-dominated and shrub-dominated sites along four transects at each site. Scale-dependent root-mean-square (RMS) roughness and data power spectrums were computed from 100,000 data points (approximately 2 km) from each transect. A linearity measure and piecewise linear approximation were applied to find intervals of the fractal scaling. The RMS roughness data had two intervals of self-affine fractal scaling on grass transects and four such intervals on shrub transects. Reduction in the number of data points did not lead to a decrease in roughness but caused a smoothing dependency of fractal dimension on scale. Ten- and hundred-meter scales were appropriate for distinguishing between grass and shrub transects on the basis of fractal dimensions. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Pachepsky, Yakov A AU - Ritchie, Jerry C AU - Gimenez, Daniel AD - USDA ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA PY - 1997 SP - 150 EP - 161 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Roughness KW - Lasers KW - Altimeters KW - Dimensions KW - Airborne sensing KW - Landscapes KW - Remote sensing KW - Grasses KW - Approximation KW - Land KW - Environment KW - Resolution KW - Computation KW - Balances (scales) KW - Article KW - EE 481.1:GEOLOGY (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26516162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Fractal+modeling+of+airborne+laser+altimetry+data&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+Yakov+A%3BRitchie%2C+Jerry+C%3BGimenez%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=Yakov&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating clutch size in wild turkey by eggshell mass AN - 17523726; 4705191 AB - We collected 83 eggs from 15 abandoned nests of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) to derive a standardized estimate of eggshell mass that could be used to estimate clutch size from shell fragment remains of undisturbed successful nests. Dry mass of eggshells varied considerably, especially among nests of different regions. There also was appreciable variation in egg width, length, and shell thickness. Regional variation required a large sample ( greater than or equal to 40 nests) to provide unambiguous estimates of clutch size. Mean eggshell mass obtained from as few as four nests in the same vicinity could be used to provide an objective estimate of clutch size for local populations. JF - Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences AU - Smith, W P AU - McGuiness, J H AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane - Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 30 EP - 35 VL - 60 SN - 0096-9192, 0096-9192 KW - Wild turkey KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Egg shells KW - Meleagris gallopavo KW - Reproduction KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17523726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Louisiana+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Estimating+clutch+size+in+wild+turkey+by+eggshell+mass&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BMcGuiness%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Louisiana+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00969192&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo; Reproduction; Egg shells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant influences on sex pheromone behavior of phytophagous insects AN - 17209610; 4494887 AB - The sexual behavior of phytophagous insects is often integrated in a variety of ways with their host plants. This integration may be manifested as effects or influences of host plants on insect physiology and behavior, including sex pheromone communication, that reflect strategies by insects to optimize mating and reproduction. Certain insects sequester or otherwise acquire host plant compounds and use them as sex pheromones or sex pheromone precursors. Other insects produce or release sex pheromones in response to particular host plant cues. Chemicals from host plants often synergize or otherwise enhance insect responses to sex pheromones. By these means, host plants may be used by insects to regulate or mediate sexual communication. For many species of insects, host plant influences on insect sex pheromone communication may be important aspects of the formation of feeding and mating aggregations, of insect strategies to locate both hosts and mates, of behavioral reproductive isolation among sibling species, and of the regulation of reproduction to coincide with the availability of food and oviposition sites. Knowledge of these relationships is critical to understanding many different areas of the behavioral ecology of plant-feeding insects. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Phillips, T W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Station, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, Washington 98915, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 371 EP - 391 VL - 42 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Insects KW - insects KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Sex pheromone KW - Sexual behavior KW - Host plants KW - Reviews KW - Insecta KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17209610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+plant+influences+on+sex+pheromone+behavior+of+phytophagous+insects&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BPhillips%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Host plants; Reviews; Sex pheromone; Sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entomopoxviruses of grasshoppers and locusts: Biology and biological control potential AN - 17129463; 4430987 AB - Entomopoxviruses (EPVs) are insect poxviruses that are often found infecting grasshoppers and locusts. Nearly 15 grasshopper and locust EPVs have been reported in the literature. This review describes our current knowledge of the biology of grasshopper and locust EPVs including virus ultrastructure, host range, production in cell culture, pathology, process of infection, epizootiology, and field evaluations of the viruses to assess their potential as biological control agents. The most extensively studied has been the Melanoplus sanguinipes EPV (MsEPV). Trypsin-like protease activity has been identified in association with MsEPV occlusion bodies but its importance in the infection process is not known. Mortality from MsEPV has been found to occur in two distinct time frames over 6 weeks or longer. MsEPV is also the only grasshopper EPV that has been grown in vitro and been shown to produce virus that is both infectious and virulent to M. sanguinipes. Horizontal transmission of grasshopper EPVs is apparently by consumption of infected cadavers. Field evaluations of MsEPV at an application rate of 1 X 10 super(10) occlusion bodies per hectare resulted in a 23% prevalence after 13 days despite a considerable amount of dispersal of grasshoppers between plots. Epizootiological studies of EPVs will continue to be an area requiring additional research. Virus production and a limited host range are the two most critical issues affecting the development of EPVs as microbial control agents. JF - Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada AU - Streett, DA AU - Woods, SA AU - Erlandson, MA AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Insect Management Unit, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, Mississippi. 38776 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 115 EP - 130 VL - 171 SN - 0071-075X, 0071-075X KW - biological control KW - entomopoxvirus KW - pathogenicity KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Melanoplus sanguinipes KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomopoxvirus KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Entomopoxviruses+of+grasshoppers+and+locusts%3A+Biology+and+biological+control+potential&rft.au=Streett%2C+DA%3BWoods%2C+SA%3BErlandson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Streett&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Entomopoxvirus; Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Entomophaga grylli (Fresenius) Batko species complex: Its biology, ecology, and use for biological control of pest grasshoppers AN - 17122525; 4430993 AB - The biology, ecology, disease etiology, and biological control potential of different members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex are discussed. This complex is represented by several pathotypes that include members that produce both conidia and resting spores within a single season, and members that produce only resting spores. This complex is known as a major pathogen of acridids from most areas of the world where populations of these insects are found, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pathogens from this species complex commonly cause disease epizootics in their host populations and are known to reduce significantly outbreaks of grasshoppers, particularly following periods of rain or high humidity. Specific factors that either limit or enhance disease processes and host mortality are discussed in relation to both epizootiology and biological control programmes. Recent biological control efforts are discussed and the potential of using members of the E. grylli species complex in both augmentation and introduction programmes is considered. JF - Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada AU - Carruthers, R I AU - Ramos, ME AU - Larkin, T S AU - Hostetter, D L AU - Soper, R S AD - USDA-ARS-NPS, Building 005, Room 220, Beltsville Agriculture Research Centre - West, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 329 EP - 353 VL - 171 SN - 0071-075X, 0071-075X KW - Benin KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomophaga grylli KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17122525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Entomophaga+grylli+%28Fresenius%29+Batko+species+complex%3A+Its+biology%2C+ecology%2C+and+use+for+biological+control+of+pest+grasshoppers&rft.au=Carruthers%2C+R+I%3BRamos%2C+ME%3BLarkin%2C+T+S%3BHostetter%2C+D+L%3BSoper%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Entomophaga grylli; Orthoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal patterns of cadaver persistence and sporulation by the fungal pathogen Entomophaga grylli (Fresenius) Batko (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) infecting Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 17121315; 4430994 AB - Entomophaga grylli (Fresenius) Batko (North American pathotype 1) is a fungal pathogen of the clearwinged grasshopper, Camnula pellucida (Scudder). We present results from a field experiment conducted in Arizona in 1984, designed to investigate factors associated with seasonal patterns of cadaver persistence and sporulation by E. grylli. Rangeland plots at two sites were monitored daily for 8 weeks for the appearance of new cadavers of diseased grasshoppers during a natural epizootic. Cadavers were individually marked and revisited on subsequent days, when it was noted whether or not conidial sporulation was underway. Environmental variables were recorded by electronic data loggers. Daily probabilities of cadaver disappearance and fungal sporulation were analysed in relation to site, date, and various measures of cadaver status, sporulation history, and environmental variables by logistic regression analysis. The average daily rate of cadaver disappearance was 0.22, yielding an expected time to 50% disappearance of 2.8 days. The environmental factor most significantly associated with cadaver disappearance was rainfall, and the most important host factor was age of the cadaver. The probability that conidia would be discharged from a cadaver over the next 24 h was most dependent on whether or not conidial sporulation was underway already. This probably reflects a state of readiness for sporulation on the part of the fungus. Although the probability of sporulation declined with increasing age of a cadaver, high rates of sporulation were predicted under conditions of prolonged leaf wetness and high humidity at night, regardless of age of the cadaver. These results, together with the observation that in some cadavers sequences of sporulation were interspersed with periods of no sporulation, suggest that E. grylli may undergo cycles of dehydration and rehydration, in which conidial production is interrupted and then resumes in response to changing environmental conditions. JF - Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada AU - Sawyer, A J AU - Ramos, ME AU - Poprawski, T J AU - Soper, R S AU - Carruthers, R I AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Hawaii Plant Protection Center, PO Box 1040, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA 96795 Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 355 EP - 374 VL - 171 SN - 0071-075X, 0071-075X KW - USA, Arizona KW - biological control KW - pathogenicity KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Camnula pellucida KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomophaga grylli KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17121315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Seasonal+patterns+of+cadaver+persistence+and+sporulation+by+the+fungal+pathogen+Entomophaga+grylli+%28Fresenius%29+Batko+%28Entomophthorales%3A+Entomophthoraceae%29+infecting+Camnula+pellucida+%28Scudder%29+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+A+J%3BRamos%2C+ME%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J%3BSoper%2C+R+S%3BCarruthers%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=0071075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Camnula pellucida; Entomophaga grylli; Orthoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processes controlling sediment yield from watersheds as functions of spatial scale AN - 16560711; 4406807 AB - The need for estimates of sediment yield are ubiquitous throughout water resources analyses, modelling, and engineering as sediment is a major pollutant, a transporter of pollutants, and sedimentation rates and amounts determine the performance and life of reservoirs, canals, drainage channels, harbors, and other downstream structures and improvements. Moreover, as a 'watershed wide' measure of soil erosion, transport, and deposition, sediment yield reflects the characteristics of a watershed, its history, development, use, and management. The major factors and processes controlling sediment yield from watersheds are described and discussed in the context of spatial scale. Historical sediment yield data from selected watersheds across a range of scales are used to illustrate variations of sediment yield with watershed scale. Generalized relationships between sediment yield and drainage area from the USA and Australia are used to show the statistical variations of sediment yield with watershed area. Area is shown to be an important predictor variable which usually, but not always, is correlated with sediment yield. Experimental data from a small experimental watershed are used in a case study to illustrate processes controlling sediment yield. The case study summarizes and interprets simulation model studies using experimental field data from measurements distributed across a range of scales. Information presented here should help guide the conceptual development of sediment yield models and their mathematical formulation. It should also be useful in design and implementation of spatially distributed verification and validation studies. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software with Environment Data News AU - Lane, L J AU - Hernandez, M AU - Nichols, M AD - USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center and University of Arizona, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 355 EP - 369 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Australia KW - USA KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Statistical analysis KW - Water resources KW - River basins KW - Soil erosion KW - Watersheds KW - Erosion KW - Pollutants KW - Catchment areas KW - Sediment yield KW - Sediment transport KW - Sedimentation KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.atitle=Processes+controlling+sediment+yield+from+watersheds+as+functions+of+spatial+scale&rft.au=Lane%2C+L+J%3BHernandez%2C+M%3BNichols%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Pollutants; Pollution dispersion; Statistical analysis; Water resources; Sediment transport; River basins; Soil erosion; Sedimentation; Watersheds; Catchment areas; Sediment yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The physical risks of reforestation as a strategy to offset global climate change AN - 16504870; 4410484 AB - Assessment of physical risks is important with respect to costs and carbon yields from tree planting. Plantation losses were estimated for the Southern U.S. Commercial timber harvests are the principal cause of losses. Excluding harvesting losses, the annual survival rate is 98.4 percent. Wildfire, insects, and inclement weather are not major factors; diseases are the leading cause of mortality, but affect only a small number of plantations. JF - CRIT. REV. ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL. AU - Moulton, R J AU - Kelly, J F AD - USDA Forest Service Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - S245 EP - S257 VL - 27 SN - 1064-3389, 1064-3389 KW - USA, Southern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRIT.+REV.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.atitle=The+physical+risks+of+reforestation+as+a+strategy+to+offset+global+climate+change&rft.au=Moulton%2C+R+J%3BKelly%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Moulton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRIT.+REV.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+TECHNOL.&rft.issn=10643389&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Economics of carbon sequestration in forestry. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profile of bacterial genera associated with cotton from low endotoxin and high endotoxin growing regions AN - 16499796; 4397429 AB - A survey method is presented for the unbiased sampling and identification of bacterial species. The method utilizes a randomized selection process and the MIDI Microbial identification System (MIS) which uses whole cell fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography rather than relying on colonial growth morphology and conventional biochemical testing. Approximately 1093 bacterial isolates were made and identified from cotton. The method uncovers a greater diversity of bacterial species from cotton than has hitherto been reported. In California, the bulk of bacterial species consisted of Bacillus spp.; and in Mississippi and Texas regions cottons, the bulk of bacterial species consisted of Pseudomonas spp. No significant differences between populations were observed in the nonsticky, moderately sticky and sticky cottons. A Gram-index concept is introduced which relates the "Gram-reaction character" of a cotton growing region. JF - ANN. AGRIC. ENVIRON. MED. AU - Chun, DTW AU - Perkins, HH Jr AD - Cotton Qual. Res. Stn., USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 792, Clemson, SC 29633, USA, dtwchun@clemson.campus.mci.net Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 233 EP - 242 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16499796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANN.+AGRIC.+ENVIRON.+MED.&rft.atitle=Profile+of+bacterial+genera+associated+with+cotton+from+low+endotoxin+and+high+endotoxin+growing+regions&rft.au=Chun%2C+DTW%3BPerkins%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=DTW&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ANN.+AGRIC.+ENVIRON.+MED.&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution status of a representative site in the Czech Republic Brdy Mountains AN - 16460325; 4357823 AB - To analyze air quality and deposition over a forest site in the Czech Republic, a cooperative study was implemented in July 1993 within the Brdy Mountains. Weekly average concentration measurements of SO sub(2), SO sub(4) super(-2), NO sub(3) super(-), NH sub(4) super(+), and HNO sub(3) were made at the Brdy Mountains during the periods 2 July, 1993 to 2 December, 1994 and 2 June, 1995 to 9 September, 1995. The annual concentration of SO sub(4) super(-2), 3.9 plus or minus 1.6 mu g m super(-3), was two times higher compared to other regional measurements. A local source of SO sub(2) may be a contributing factor. The annual concentration of NH sub(4) super(+), 1.5 plus or minus 0.6 mu g m super(-3), is lower than anticipated by a modeling study of European sources. Dry deposition of SO sub(4) super(-2) and NO sub(3) super(-) was calculated by combining measured concentrations with modeled deposition velocity based on in-situ meteorological measurements. The inferred, seasonally weighted, average annual deposition during the study period was 324 kg km super(-2) for SO sub(4) super(-2) and 115 kg km super(-2) for NO sub(3) super(-). Ozone concentrations during an abbreviated period of July 1994 averaged 57 ppb and did not vary diurnally, indicating regional anthropogenic precursors for the photochemical generation of O sub(3). JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Zeller, K AU - Cerny, M AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Smith, L AU - Sestak, M AU - Michalec, M AU - Pernegr, V AU - Kucera, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 240 W Prospect Rd., Ft. Collins, CO 80526-2098 USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 291 EP - 297 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Czech Rep., Brdy Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16460325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+status+of+a+representative+site+in+the+Czech+Republic+Brdy+Mountains&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K%3BCerny%2C+M%3BBytnerowicz%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+L%3BSestak%2C+M%3BMichalec%2C+M%3BPernegr%2C+V%3BKucera%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution and climate change effects on forests in central and eastern Europe. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildfire in Russian boreal forests - potential impacts of fire regime characteristics on emissions and global carbon balance estimates AN - 16459717; 4357825 AB - Most of the research about the effects of the release of carbon and other chemicals to the atmosphere during forest fires focuses on emissions from crown fires or slash fires in which a high percentage of the fine fuels are burned. However, in many temperate and boreal conifer ecosystems, surface fires of varying intensities and severities are an important part of the fire regime. In Russia a large percentage of the area burned in a typical year is in surface fires, which will result in lower carbon emissions than crown fires because of lower fuel consumption. In Russian boreal forest, different distribution patterns of fire severity across the landscape could produce fourfold differences in carbon release. Furthermore, tree mortality after surface fires is often quite extensive, leading to a pulse in carbon release as needles and other fine fuels fall to the ground and decompose. With extensive tree mortality, a decrease in carbon sequestration is expected for several years, until stand level photosynthesis returns to prefire levels. Perhaps the largest potential source of error in estimates of carbon release from biomass fires in Russia is inaccuracy in estimates of burned area. Many published estimates of annual burned area in Russia may be extremely low. On the basis of information on fire return intervals and area of boreal forest, 12 million ha per year may be a reasonable conservative estimate of burned area until better data are available. Based on this estimate, direct and indirect fire-generated carbon emissions from boreal forests worldwide may exceed 20% of the estimated global emissions from biomass burning, making them an important component in understanding global atmospheric chemistry. In considering effects of fire on global atmospheric chemistry, it is important to include the effects of fire severity, postfire mortality, decomposition of fine fuels, and changing postfire vegetation structure as components of fire-induced changes in ecosystem-level carbon flux. But the most important factor may be accurate information on the annual area burned. Levels of carbon storage are likely to be highly sensitive to changes in fire return intervals that result from direct human activities and from climatic changes, making accurate assessments of burned areas and fire severity critical. Strong fire management programs will be key to managing future fire regimes and carbon cycling in Russia's boreal forest. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Conard, S G AU - Ivanova, G A AD - USDA Forest Service, Vegetation Management and Protection Research, 201 14th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 305 EP - 313 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Russia KW - wildfire KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Wildfire+in+Russian+boreal+forests+-+potential+impacts+of+fire+regime+characteristics+on+emissions+and+global+carbon+balance+estimates&rft.au=Conard%2C+S+G%3BIvanova%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution and climate change effects on forests in central and eastern Europe. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution status of the Bulgarian Govedartsi ecosystem AN - 16459566; 4357822 AB - Coniferous forests cover one-third of Bulgaria's forest ecosystems and occupy 31% of the country's total area. Forests in general are considered vulnerable to air pollutants in the form of dry and wet pollution deposition. The Bulgarian Govedartsi ecosystem study site, Ovnarsko No. 3, was established in 1991 to: (1) determine the existing status of remote forest site air quality: and (2) address potential air pollution problems related to coniferous forests. The site (1600 m) is located on the south slope of the Govedartsi Valley in the northwestern part of the Rila Mountain area. The Rila are the highest mountains (peak 2925 m) in the Balkan peninsula and are representative of rural forested conditions in that part of Europe. There are no anthropogenic air pollution sources for at least 30 km in all directions. The dominant tree species surrounding the study site include Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Macedonia pine (Pinus peuce), black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.), Norway spruce (Picca abies Karst.), white fir Abies alba Mill.), beech Fagus sylvatica L.), and several oak species (i.e. Quercus petraea Liebl, Q. pubescens Willd., Q. conferta Kit., Q. cerris L., and Q. robur). Multi-day average ambient concentrations of nitrate and sulfate were measured using a filter-pack technique. Data for 27 multi-day periods between October 1991 and 1994 have been collected and 24 are reported in this study. Annual acidic aerosol dry deposition values are estimated at: 154 kg km super(-2) for sulfate (SO sub(4) super(2-)) and 28 kg km super(-2) for nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)). Ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations were measured from late spring to summer in 1994 and 1995. No high O sub(3) concentration episodes were detected, and maximum hourly O sub(3) concentrations rarely exceeded 55 ppb. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Zeller, K AU - Donev, E AU - Bojinov, H AU - Nikolov, N AD - Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 W Prospect Rd., Ft. Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 281 EP - 289 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Bulgaria KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+status+of+the+Bulgarian+Govedartsi+ecosystem&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K%3BDonev%2C+E%3BBojinov%2C+H%3BNikolov%2C+N&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution and climate change effects on forests in central and eastern Europe. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment production from forest roads in the Oregon Coast Range AN - 1645570378; 2015-002816 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Black, Tom AU - Luce, Charles AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 78 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - soils KW - forests KW - experimental studies KW - slopes KW - human activity KW - sedimentation KW - vegetation KW - Oregon KW - loam KW - Coast Ranges KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - construction KW - roads KW - land use KW - design KW - sediment traps KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645570378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Sediment+production+from+forest+roads+in+the+Oregon+Coast+Range&rft.au=Black%2C+Tom%3BLuce%2C+Charles%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292324-9250 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1997 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2015-01-15 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coast Ranges; construction; design; experimental studies; forests; human activity; land use; loam; Oregon; roads; runoff; sediment traps; sedimentation; sediments; slopes; soils; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustainable agriculture and the use of energy and other purchased inputs AN - 16455337; 4357843 AB - An important issue with regard to the overall effectiveness of conservation tillage practices in reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment concerns what happens to energy, pesticide and fertilizer use as these practices are more extensively adopted. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that the conservation tillage adoption decision is a two-step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not to adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that the cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and it had an above average expenditure on pesticides and a below average expenditure on energy and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting a no tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. JF - International Journal of Global Energy Issues AU - Uri, N D AD - Natural Resources and Environment Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 299 EP - 315 VL - 9 IS - 4-6 SN - 0954-7118, 0954-7118 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16455337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Global+Energy+Issues&rft.atitle=Sustainable+agriculture+and+the+use+of+energy+and+other+purchased+inputs&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Global+Energy+Issues&rft.issn=09547118&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Energy, environment and sustainable development. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining soil and water sodicity from electrode measurements AN - 16434722; 4330650 AB - A method is presented for estimating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the saturated soil-paste extract from three electrode measurements made directly in the saturated soil-paste. An analogous method is presented for the determination of the SAR of extracts and solutions solely from electrode measurements made in the extract or solution. Both methods are carried out without the use of pH and ionic strength buffers. The methods were tested on a widespread range of salt-affected soils and their extracts; they are deemed suitable for field applications in the diagnosis, screening, and classification of sodic soils and waters. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Manteghi, NA AU - Lesch, S M AU - Slovacek, D C AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1737 EP - 1765 VL - 28 IS - 19-20 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16434722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Determining+soil+and+water+sodicity+from+electrode+measurements&rft.au=Rhoades%2C+J+D%3BManteghi%2C+NA%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BSlovacek%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Rhoades&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=19-20&rft.spage=1737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors AN - 16419422; 4320927 AB - A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a "least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; land use changes account for the largest part of adjustments to meet policy targets; and forest management changes involve higher intensity and less forest type conversion. JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology AU - Alig, R AU - Adams, D AU - McCarl, B AU - Callaway, J M AU - Winnett, S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - S97 EP - S111 VL - 27 SN - 1064-3389, 1064-3389 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16419422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Assessing+effects+of+mitigation+strategies+for+global+climate+change+with+an+intertemporal+model+of+the+U.S.+forest+and+agriculture+sectors&rft.au=Alig%2C+R%3BAdams%2C+D%3BMcCarl%2C+B%3BCallaway%2C+J+M%3BWinnett%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=10643389&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Economics of carbon sequestration in forestry. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of feeding by two folivorous arthropods on susceptibility of hybrid poplar clones to a foliar pathogen AN - 16399694; 4309263 AB - We investigated variation in folivore-induced effects on subsequent plant suitability to a foliar pathogen. We used a leaf disk assay to expose three clones of hybrid poplar, NC11382, NE332 and NM6, to colonization by a leaf spot pathogen, Septoria musiva. Undamaged leaf disks of NE332 were the most resistant to S. musiva, followed by NM6 and NC11382, respectively. To test the effects of prior herbivory on subsequent susceptibility to this fungal pathogen, we inoculated S. musiva on leaf disks taken from leaves which had been exposed to feeding by Tetranychus mites or cottonwood leaf beetles. Prior activity by mites and cottonwood leaf beetle affected the subsequent susceptibility of clones NC11382 and NE332 to S. musiva. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Robison, D J AU - Smalley, E B AU - Raffa, K F AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 99 EP - 104 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - Acari KW - Coleoptera KW - clones KW - feeding KW - feeding experiments KW - pathogens KW - pest attack KW - pest control KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16399694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+by+two+folivorous+arthropods+on+susceptibility+of+hybrid+poplar+clones+to+a+foliar+pathogen&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BRobison%2C+D+J%3BSmalley%2C+E+B%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attack behavior and host utilization of Aphthona chinchihi (Col.: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent of Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae, leafy spurge) in North America AN - 16396087; 4307005 AB - Aphthona chinchihi Chen was collected in China feeding on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Studies were conducted on its host specificity in the laboratory, using field collected adults and their progeny. Aphthona chinchihi can effectively complement the impact of the other natural enemies of leafy spurge established from Europe in the U.S.A. and Canada. The adults feed on leaves and shoots and the larvae, which cause the main damage to the plant, feed on the hypogeous portion of the plant, seriously stressing the plant and preventing its vegetative spread. The host range of A. chinchihi was studied with tests on adult feeding and oviposition, larval survival and host suitability, using 40 plant species or varieties distributed in 12 families. The experiments demonstrated that it has a high level of specificity. This flea beetle completed its life cycle only on leafy spurge. Also, because of its ecological valence, A. chinchihi has a very good potential as a biocontrol agent in North America. JF - Entomophaga AU - Fornasari, L AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, B.P. 4168, Agropolis II, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 605 EP - 617 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Attack+behavior+and+host+utilization+of+Aphthona+chinchihi+%28Col.%3A+Chrysomelidae%29%2C+a+potential+biological+control+agent+of+Euphorbia+esula+%28Euphorbiaceae%2C+leafy+spurge%29+in+North+America&rft.au=Fornasari%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fornasari&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing furrow irrigation erosion with polyacrylamide (PAM) AN - 16364750; 4296852 AB - Irrigated cropping is a critical component of global agricultural production. Surface irrigation - most of it furrow irrigation - accounts for >60% of Earth's 600 million irrigated acres. Erosion threatens irrigation's ability to maintain its 2X average yield advantage and 3X value over rainfed agriculture, with serious environmental and food security consequences to the burgeoning human population. Furrow irrigation-induced erosion is nearly halted by small additions of water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM) to irrigation water. PAM is an environmentally safe flocculent used extensively in municipal water treatment, paper manufacturing, food processing, and other sensitive applications. On freshly cultivated furrows, 1 lb/acre of PAM applied at 10 ppm in irrigation water before runoff began (only), reduced sediment loss in runoff 94% and increased net water infiltration 15% in 3 yr of Idaho tests on silt loam soils. Irrigation return-flow quality was improved by PAM-use, greatly reducing sediment losses, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total P, and various pesticides. Polyacrylamide products are now registered in most western states and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published a PAM-use practice standard. Cost sharing is available in some locales. In 1995 about 50 000 acres of furrow-irrigated land used PAM, halting as much as 1 million tons of soil erosion in the first year. Farmers see PAM-use as an attractive alternative to more difficult conservation practices. The typically $15 to $35/acre per crop costs are partially or entirely retrieved by crop responses or savings in erosion-related field operations and water conservation. Pam-use in irrigation is expected to expand rapidly in 1996. JF - Journal of Production Agriculture AU - Sojka, R E AU - Lentz, R D AD - USDA-ARS Northwest Irrig. and Soils Res. Lab., 3793N-3600E Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 47 EP - 52 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0890-8524, 0890-8524 KW - polyacrylamide KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16364750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Production+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Reducing+furrow+irrigation+erosion+with+polyacrylamide+%28PAM%29&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BLentz%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Production+Agriculture&rft.issn=08908524&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blueberry scorch carlavirus eliminated from infected blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) by heat therapy and apical meristem culture AN - 16343962; 4266283 AB - The incidence of aphid-transmitted blueberry scorch carlavirus (BBSCV) has been increasing in recent years through the blueberry production areas of Oregon and Washington (1). Several infected plants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and removed from the blueberry germ plasm collection at the USDA /ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, OR. A virus-free replacement was not available from other sources for one of the infected cultivars. Plants of a highbush blueberry cultivar (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Gem'), infected with BBSCV, were grown at temperatures alternating every 4 h between 30 and 38 degree C. After 16 or 58 days of heat therapy, apical shoot tips were removed and meristems ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.0 mm were dissected and grown in vitro. Eight plants were successfully regenerated from these meristems: five from shoots that had been heat treated for 16 days and three from shoots heat treated for 58 days. These eight plants were tested for BBSCV by ELISA during the first growing season, and again after growth resumed following winter dormancy. All eight plants consistently tested negative for the virus and Gem is now among the 400 virus-tested Vaccinium clones available at NCGR Corvallis. This is the first report of the successful elimination of BBSCV from infected blueberry plants. JF - Plant Disease AU - Postman, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 111 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Oregon KW - USA, Washington KW - apical KW - heat treatments KW - meristem tip culture KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22187:Control & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16343962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Blueberry+scorch+carlavirus+eliminated+from+infected+blueberry+%28Vaccinium+corymbosum%29+by+heat+therapy+and+apical+meristem+culture&rft.au=Postman%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hurricane Andrew damage in relation to wood decay fungi and insects in bottomland hardwoods of the Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana AN - 16335253; 4266150 AB - Hurricane Andrew caused damage to more than 780 sq. km of bottomland hardwood and cypress-tupelo forests in the Atchafalaya Basin of Louisiana in August 1992. Trees in bottomland hardwood sites were examined, in early May 1994, for signs and symptoms of wood decay fungi, and for insect damage, ostensibly present before the hurricane, which may have predisposed trees to windthrow or breaks in the bole or top. Three sites with severe wind damage and three sites with minor wind damage were studied along the path of the hurricane. Surveying for wood decay fungi and insects on trees, and evaluating damage to crowns, stems, and roots was done on 25-m diameter point-sample plots. Evidence of wood decay fungi and insects, or the damage they cause, was rare at all sites, in part because of flooding during the evaluation, so that predisposition to wind damage by these agents was not established. Crown damage rating classes and d.b.h. classes were positively correlated for sites with severe wind damage indicating that larger diameter trees were more susceptible to wind damage than smaller diameter trees. Chinese tallow, swamp cottonwood, pumpkin ash, American sycamore, and swamp dogwood showed greater wind damage on sites with severe wind damage than other species. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Leininger, T D AU - Wilson, AD AU - Lester, D G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Southern Hardwoods Lab., P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1290 EP - 1293 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Hurricane Andrew KW - USA, Louisiana, Atchafalaya Basin KW - biodegradation KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - environmental impact KW - fungi KW - hardwood forests KW - hurricanes KW - wetlands KW - wood KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Ecological effects KW - Forests KW - Wetlands KW - Marine KW - Damage KW - USA, Louisiana, Atchafalaya R. KW - Fungi KW - Environmental impact KW - River basins KW - Insects KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Hurricanes KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16335253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Andrew+damage+in+relation+to+wood+decay+fungi+and+insects+in+bottomland+hardwoods+of+the+Atchafalaya+Basin%2C+Louisiana&rft.au=Leininger%2C+T+D%3BWilson%2C+AD%3BLester%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Leininger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Damage; Fungi; Environmental impact; Forests; Wetlands; River basins; Ecosystem disturbance; Insects; Ecological effects; USA, Louisiana, Atchafalaya R.; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of gas exchange and pigmentation in branches of three grafted clones of mature ponderosa pine exposed to ozone and acid rain AN - 16330063; 4258876 AB - Gas exchange and pigmentation responses of mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) branches to ozone and acid rain exposure were investigated using three grafted clones growing in a managed seed orchard. Exposure of one-year-old foliage to twice ambient ozone (2 x AMB) resulted in significant decreases in net photosynthesis (P sub(n)), stomatal conductance (g sub(sw)) and pigmentation relative to charcoal-filtered (CF) and ambient (AMB) ozone treatments. Ozone effects on gas exchange and pigmentation were most pronounced during late-season and differed significantly among clones. Environmental parameters (e.g. light, vapor pressure deficit, and temperature) accounted for more variation in P sub(n) than did cumulative ozone exposure. Minimal differences in g sub(sw) and P sub(n) among ozone treatments occurred during seasonal periods of high temperature and evaporative demand. Negative effects of 2 x AMB ozone on g sub(sw) and pigmentation were greatest for the clones having highest and lowest phenotypic vigor under ambient conditions; the clone of moderate phenotypic vigor under ambient conditions was least sensitive to ozone. Application of simulated acid rain of pH 3.0, pH 5.1 or no rain (NR) had little impact on gas exchange or pigmentation. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Anderson, P D AU - Houpis, JLJ AU - Helms, JA AU - Momen, B AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, WI, USA, pdanders@newnorth.net Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 253 EP - 263 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - clones KW - gas exchange KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16330063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+gas+exchange+and+pigmentation+in+branches+of+three+grafted+clones+of+mature+ponderosa+pine+exposed+to+ozone+and+acid+rain&rft.au=Anderson%2C+P+D%3BHoupis%2C+JLJ%3BHelms%2C+JA%3BMomen%2C+B&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildlife conservation and ecosystem health in the interior Columbia River basin AN - 16321108; 4254149 AB - In July 1993, President Clinton directed the USDA Forest Service (FS) to develop a strategy for the management of forests east of the Cascade Crest in Oregon and Washington. A year later, the Director of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Chief of the Forest Service extended the area under consideration to include the Upper Columbia River Basin, e.g., Idaho, Montana west of the continental divide, and northern portions of Utah and Nevada - in essence, the Interior Columbia River Basin (Basin) south of the Canadian border. Wildlife conservation within the Basin was to be guided by a scientifically sound and ecosystem-based strategy, to restore and maintain habitat needs of plant and animal species by moving toward desired landscape conditions on a broad basis and explore whether current management practices and habitat trends are consistent with long-term maintenance of ecosystem health. In August 1996, an interagency working group was established to continue the evaluation of the status of terrestrial vertebrate species within the Basin that began with the work of Lehmkuhl et al. (1996) and Marcot et al. (in preparation). The goals were, first, to identify species in need of conservation action to meet legal and requirements. Second, given the lack of habitat and other natural history for many species, refine the species habitat information that had been organized Marcot et al. (in preparation) in the species environmental relations database. Third, characterize distribution and abundance of habitats for species and determine whether such habitats may serve as "sources" of individuals or "sinks" where populations may be expected to decline without regular immigration (Brawn and Robinson 1996). Fourth, spatially identify opportunities for wildlife habitat restoration across the Basin. The working group in this effort takes advantage of extensive broad-scale information gathered within the Basin. This paper compares the three major paradigms in natural resource conservation and theft respective relation to wildlife conservation and ecosystem health. Further, it provides an overview of changed ecological conditions within the Basin and addresses two questions. What are specific wildlife conservation actions and opportunities at the regional scale? And, what lessons can be learned from integrating wildlife conservation with overall strategies for ecosystem health at the regional scale? JF - Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference AU - Samson, F B AU - Eames, MA AU - Holthausen, R S AU - Lee, D C AU - Murphy, W AU - Newhouse, DA AU - Rich, T D AU - Sands, A R AU - Wales, B AU - Wisdom, MJ AD - USDA Forest Serv., Missoula, MT, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 479 EP - 489 SN - 0078-1355, 0078-1355 KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Wildlife management KW - Ecosystems KW - Ecosystem resilience KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - River basins KW - Freshwater KW - Environmental protection KW - Nature conservation KW - Environment management KW - River basin management KW - Forestry KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+North+American+Wildlife+and+Natural+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Wildlife+conservation+and+ecosystem+health+in+the+interior+Columbia+River+basin&rft.au=Samson%2C+F+B%3BEames%2C+MA%3BHolthausen%2C+R+S%3BLee%2C+D+C%3BMurphy%2C+W%3BNewhouse%2C+DA%3BRich%2C+T+D%3BSands%2C+A+R%3BWales%2C+B%3BWisdom%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+North+American+Wildlife+and+Natural+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00781355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystems; Ecosystem resilience; Nature conservation; River basins; River basin management; Environment management; Environmental protection; Wildlife management; Forestry; USA, Columbia R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon partitioning in cotton and soybean crops in southern US under climate change conditions AN - 16318817; 4254740 AB - The increase in CO sub(2) concentration and predicted global warming associated with climate change will have a substantial impact on agricultural production. Carbon partitioning between shoots and roots is essential for both carbon sequestration in soil and for aboveground biomass production. The objective of this paper was to estimate environmental effects on the carbon partitioning in cotton and soybean crops in the U.S. Cotton Belt and in the southern soybean producing region of the USA. We downscaled climate change projections of the GFDL and the UKMO global circulation models to provide replicated daily weather variables needed in the comprehensive crop simulators GLYCIM and CALGOS. Crop development was simulated in fifty-five locations on three soils of different texture. Simulated changes in carbon partitioning had well-defined spatial patterns both in soybean and in cotton in the Southern US. These patterns were definitely affected by the soil on which a crop was simulated. Climate change did not significantly affect the proportion the carbon allocated to roots in soybeans but increased the proportion of carbon allocated to roots in cotton. The changes in partitioning may have implications in long term soil quality changes and in crop management practices. JF - World Resource Review AU - Reddy, V R AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Marani, A AD - Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., USDA-ARS, Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 359 EP - 371 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16318817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Carbon+partitioning+in+cotton+and+soybean+crops+in+southern+US+under+climate+change+conditions&rft.au=Reddy%2C+V+R%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BMarani%2C+A&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of brown-rot decay: Paradigm or paradox AN - 16306472; 4248498 AB - Interest in understanding how brown-rot fungi degrade wood has received increasing attention in recent years because of a need to identify novel targets that can be inhibited for the next generation of antifungal wood preservatives. Brown-rot fungi are unique in that they can degrade holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in wood without first removing the lignin. Furthermore, they degrade holocellulose in an unusual manner, causing a rapid decrease in degree of polymerization at low weight loss. Despite increased research effort, the mechanism of brown-rot decay remains unclear. Furthermore, this research has not pointed to biochemical targets for inhibition and development of new wood preservatives. In reviewing the brown-rot literature, it became apparent that many beliefs about brown-rot decomposition of wood are based more on traction or conjecture than on facts. In some cases, these misconceptions have become near dogma. They cloud our understanding of brown-rot decay and as a result may contribute to a misdirection of research efforts. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify and clarify some of these misconceptions. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Green, F III AU - Highley, T L AD - Forest Products Lab., USDA Forest Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 113 EP - 124 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - biodegradation KW - brown rot KW - cellulose KW - decay KW - hemicellulose KW - wood KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16306472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+brown-rot+decay%3A+Paradigm+or+paradox&rft.au=Green%2C+F+III%3BHighley%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pentanoic acid attracts Olcella parva (Adams) (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Colorado corn fields AN - 16284834; 4288971 AB - As part of a study of attractants for western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) adults, short-chain free fatty acids were placed on yellow sticky traps in a Colorado corn field. Olcella parva (Adams) were attracted to traps baited with 10 or 100 mg pentanoic acid. Hexanoic acid (10 and 100 mg) and propanoic acid (100 mg) were also significantly attractive, but significantly less so than pentanoic acid (propanoic acid was also significantly less attractive than hexanoic acid). Other fatty acids tested (heptanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acids) were not attractive. Male/female O. parva ratios were 2/17 and 0/17 on traps baited with hexanoic and pentanoic acid respectively. These results are different from those of a similar study in Michigan that found hexanoic acid more attractive than pentanoic acid and reported nearly 5 times more males than females on traps baited with hexanoic acid. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Hibbard, B E AU - Jewett, D K AU - Bjostad, L B AD - USDA-ARS, 101 Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 67 EP - 69 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Chloropid flies KW - Diptera KW - USA, Colorado KW - attractancy KW - biological control KW - kairomones KW - maize KW - pentanoic acid KW - traps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Pentanoic+acid+attracts+Olcella+parva+%28Adams%29+%28Diptera%3A+Chloropidae%29+in+Colorado+corn+fields&rft.au=Hibbard%2C+B+E%3BJewett%2C+D+K%3BBjostad%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Hibbard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Queen rearing suppression in the honey bee - Evidence for a fecundity signal AN - 16281809; 4288987 AB - Previous studies have shown that a pheromone produced in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen's mandibular glands suppresses the rearing of new queens. The present studies investigated the existence of an as-yet unidentified, brood-associated signal that acts in conjunction with the queen's mandibular pheromone to suppress queen rearing. When we manipulated the levels of synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) and young brood in queenless colonies, there was a 50% reduction in the number of queen cells reared compared to colonies receiving QMP alone. In a second experiment, colonies containing eggs and young larvae but no QMP reared on average only one queen cell after 24 h, while colonies containing older larvae reared four queen cells, suggesting that combs with younger brood were the source of the second signal. In a third experiment, we attempted to induce queen rearing in the presence of the queen by removing eggs and young larvae in colonies with healthy queens. Six of nine brood-manipulated colonies initiated queen cells, compared with only one of nine colonies receiving a sham manipulation. The results from this experiment suggest that a decline in the brood signal initiated queen supersedure in honey bee colonies. Results from all three experiments clearly demonstrate the existence of a "fecundity" signal that acts with QMP to suppress queen rearing. JF - Insectes Sociaux AU - Pettis, J S AU - Higo, HA AU - Pankiw, T AU - Winston, M L AD - USDA-ARS Bee Res. Lab. Bldg. 476, BARC-E, Belstville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 311 EP - 322 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0020-1812, 0020-1812 KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Stingless bees KW - fecundity KW - pheromones KW - queens KW - reproductive behavior KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16281809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.atitle=Queen+rearing+suppression+in+the+honey+bee+-+Evidence+for+a+fecundity+signal&rft.au=Pettis%2C+J+S%3BHigo%2C+HA%3BPankiw%2C+T%3BWinston%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Pettis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.issn=00201812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cheek pouch capacities and loading rates of heteromyid rodents AN - 16280272; 4291293 AB - Rodents of the family Heteromyidae are proficient gatherers and hoarders of seeds. A major component of their adaptive specialization for harvesting and transporting seeds is their spacious, fur-lined cheek pouches. Precise measurements of cheek pouch capacities are essential if ecologists are to understand the foraging ecology, possible constraints on locomotion patterns, and competitive relationships of heteromyid rodents. To measure the size of these cheek pouches and the rate at which animals load seeds into their pouches during seed harvest, we attracted 56 individuals representing ten species of heteromyid rodents to bait stations in the field and allowed them to fill their cheek pouches with seeds several times while we observed and timed the events with the aid of night-vision equipment. The largest load taken by each individual was used as an estimate of its cheek pouch capacity. At the end of observations, each subject was captured and its mass and other data gathered. The allometric relationship between cheek pouch capacity and body mass for ten species of heteromyids was significant [pouch capacity (ml) = 0.148 body mass (g) super(0.992), r super(2)=0.91, P<0.0001]. The regression coefficient is \approx 1.0, which indicates that the volume of the cheek pouches scales in direct proportion to body size. When the data were subdivided into quadrupeds (Perognathus and Chaetodipus) and bipeds (Dipodomys) (n=5 for each), the relationships between pouch capacity and body mass were significant, but the two regressions were not significantly different from each other. When all loads (full and partial) were considered, subjects filled their cheek pouches an average of 93 plus or minus 10% of pouch capacity (n=185). Cheek pouch capacities from published studies of artificially filled pouches of heteromyids in the laboratory averaged about 40% below the field measurements obtained here. The allometric relationship between mean loading rate and body mass was also significant [seeds/s=1.067 bodymass (g) super(0.830), r super(2)=0.85,P=0.0011), but when quadrupeds and bipeds were considered separately, the relationships were not significant. Seed densities and bulk densities were used to calculate packing coefficients for seed species, which, when used in conjunction with the allometric relationship between cheek pouch capacity and body size, can be used to estimate the maximum load carried by a heteromyid. Except for the very largest kangaroo rat species, a full pouch load of Indian ricegrass seeds represents less than the daily energy requirements of an active heteromyid. JF - Oecologia AU - Vander Wall, SB AU - Longland, W S AU - Pyare, S AU - Veech, JA AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 21 EP - 28 VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Heteromyid rodents KW - foraging behavior KW - granivory KW - hoarding behavior KW - seeds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Cheek+pouch+capacities+and+loading+rates+of+heteromyid+rodents&rft.au=Vander+Wall%2C+SB%3BLongland%2C+W+S%3BPyare%2C+S%3BVeech%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Vander+Wall&rft.aufirst=SB&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water AN - 16265328; 4249396 AB - False positive responses on an atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurrences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (> 0.20 mu g L super(-1)) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses. The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PT. B: PESTIC., FOOD CONTAM., AGRIC. WASTES AU - Watts, D W AU - Novak, J F AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 659 EP - 671 VL - 32B IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Analytical techniques KW - atrazine KW - immunoassay KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Metabolites KW - Water analysis KW - Gas chromatography KW - Pollution detection KW - Immunoprecipitation KW - Herbicides KW - Pollutant identification KW - Pollution surveys KW - Atrazine KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Immunoassays KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PT.+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+atrazine+positive+and+false+positive+immunoassay+detections+in+ground+water&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+W%3BNovak%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=32B&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PT.+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution detection; Gas chromatography; Immunoprecipitation; Groundwater pollution; Metabolites; Herbicides; Pollutant identification; Water analysis; Immunoassays; Pollution surveys; Atrazine; Mass spectrometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetland feeding site use by White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) breeding in coastal South Carolina AN - 16261214; 4247886 AB - We monitored the activity of radiotagged adult White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) breeding at a coastal colony site on Pumpkinseed Island, Georgetown County, SC, during 3 breeding seasons. A total of 11 nesting adults (4 each in 1987 and 1988, and 3 in 1989) wearing backpack radiotelemetry units were monitored from the ground and from fixed-wing aircraft. Ibises caring for prefledged young concentrated their foraging efforts in swamps, abandoned rice fields, impoundments, and ponds (15 such sites were used totaling 76% of all observations of radiotagged ibises), ranging from 4 to 32 km from the colony site. Saltmarshes 2 to 5 km from the colony site were visited less often by parental ibises (4 such sites were used by 4 ibises, totaling 25% of all observations). Adult ibises fed primarily crayfishes and fishes to their prefledged young. After their young fledged, or their nests failed, ibises ceased visits to abandoned rice fields, decreased visits to freshwater swamps, and doubled their relative use of saltmarsh feeding habitat. The estimated cost of traveling to freshwater feeding sites could be 1.5 to 13.5 times greater than that of traveling to the saltmarsh feeding sites. The use of non-saltmarsh habitats during chick rearing suggests that the prey available at saltmarsh sites, primarily fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), are a less preferred prey for prefledgling ibises. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - nDe Santo, TL AU - Johnston, J W AU - Bildstein, K L AD - U.S.D.A. Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest. Sci. Lab., 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - Habitat KW - White ibis KW - feeding behavior KW - parental behavior KW - salt marshes KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - ANW, USA, South Carolina, Pumpkinseed I. KW - Eudocimus albus KW - Uca KW - Brackish KW - Parental behaviour KW - Prey selection KW - Freshwater KW - Procambarus KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Salt marshes KW - Wetlands KW - Aquatic birds KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Y 25446:Birds KW - D 04671:Birds KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08364:Reproduction and development KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16261214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Wetland+feeding+site+use+by+White+Ibises+%28Eudocimus+albus%29+breeding+in+coastal+South+Carolina&rft.au=nDe+Santo%2C+TL%3BJohnston%2C+J+W%3BBildstein%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=nDe+Santo&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salt marshes; Feeding behaviour; Prey selection; Parental behaviour; Wetlands; Aquatic birds; Uca; Eudocimus albus; Procambarus; ANW, USA, South Carolina, Pumpkinseed I.; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Making sense of the interactions between groundwater and streamflow: Lessons for water masters and adjudicators AN - 16258071; 4254100 AB - The effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow are hydrologic issues that often are poorly understood in law. In some states, as illustrated with an Arizona example, different laws govern surface-and groundwater. In reality, however, surface-and groundwater form one continuum and conflicts can arise when different parties use both. How groundwater pumping affects streams depends on the depth to groundwater and whether or not the stream bottom is covered with fine sediment or organic deposits that control seepage. Using the hydrologic concept of capture, we present the basic quantitative aspects of stream-aquifer interactions in four case examples. More quantitative refinements and regional aspects can be achieved with computer models that can closely simulate specific regional or basin-wide systems. Once the broader concepts are sufficiently understood, integrated water management schemes can be developed that best resolve conflicts between users of surface-and groundwater while protecting third parties, such as public and environmental interests. An underlying principle of these schemes should be the balance between the desire for good scientific results and the economic reality of securing such results. We recommend steps to achieve that balance. JF - Rivers AU - Bouwer, H AU - Maddock, T III AD - U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 19 EP - 31 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0898-8048, 0898-8048 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Water resources KW - Streamflow KW - Freshwater KW - Stream flow KW - Water use KW - Surface-groundwater relations KW - Water management KW - Legal aspects KW - Water rights KW - Ground water KW - USA, Arizona KW - Groundwater mining KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16258071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rivers&rft.atitle=Making+sense+of+the+interactions+between+groundwater+and+streamflow%3A+Lessons+for+water+masters+and+adjudicators&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H%3BMaddock%2C+T+III&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rivers&rft.issn=08988048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Water use; Water management; Legal aspects; Water rights; Ground water; Water resources; Stream flow; Surface-groundwater relations; Streamflow; Groundwater mining; USA, Arizona; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strains of Rhizobium fredii effectively nodulate and efficiently fix nitrogen with Medicago sativa and Glycine max AN - 16257203; 4237945 AB - Effective nodulation of and efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation with alfalfa by strains of Rhizobium fredii, the fast-growing soybean microsymbiont, is herein reported. This discovery has broad implications for host specificity research and strain improvement. Effective nodulation of Egyptian alfalfa cultivar 'Giza 4' by R. fredii type strain USDA 205 was observed and deemed anomalous yet intriguing since nodulation of alfalfa by R. fredii had not been previously reported. To investigate this anomaly, twenty-two strains of R. fredii, including the eleven strains first isolated fifteen years ago from east central provinces of China, and three strains of R. meliloti were evaluated for symbiotic capabilities with 'ARC' alfalfa, a standard improved cultivar of Medicago sativa. Efficient nitrogen-fixing symbioses were formed by R. fredii USDA strains 201, 208, 209 and 214 with this cultivar and four other USDA strains of R. fredii, including the type strain USDA 205, formed inefficient nodules. The former strains produced high nodule numbers and high plant dry weights under conditions of nil combined nitrogen, and strains 201, 208 and 214 exhibited symbiotic nitrogen fixation activities comparable to those of R. meliloti, the long-recognized nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont of alfalfa. R. fredii strains efficiency nodulating both soybean and alfalfa were confirmed by megaplasmid DNA content, by reinfection of both hosts, and by DNA RFLP. JF - Symbiosis AU - Hashem, F M AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - El-Fadly, G AU - Devine, TE AD - USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 255 EP - 264 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0334-5114, 0334-5114 KW - Alfalfa KW - host specificity KW - nitrogen fixation KW - nodulation KW - symbionts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Symbiosis&rft.atitle=Strains+of+Rhizobium+fredii+effectively+nodulate+and+efficiently+fix+nitrogen+with+Medicago+sativa+and+Glycine+max&rft.au=Hashem%2C+F+M%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D%3BEl-Fadly%2C+G%3BDevine%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Hashem&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Symbiosis&rft.issn=03345114&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Tifway 2 bermudagrass to fresh or composted broiler litter containing boric acid-treated paper bedding AN - 16256677; 4238566 AB - Recycled paper treated with boric acid (BA) is gaining acceptance as bedding in broiler production houses. Applying this litter, or compost made from this litter, to turf raises an issue of boron (B) toxicity. There is also the question of nitrogen (N) availability from composts made from borated paper and broiler manure. The objective of this study was to determine if broiler house litter containing recycled BA-treated paper poses a toxicity hazard to bermudagrass turf (Cynodon dactylon L. pers x C. Transvaalensis, Burtt-Davis) when applied at agronomic N rates. The effects of five N sources at rates equivalent to 224,448, and 896 kg N/ha in a factorial arrangement plus an unfertilized control and a high nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) treatment with B at 22 kg B/ha on bermudagrass were determined in pot culture during the summer of 1992. The five NPKB sources were (M1) compost made from broiler manure, BA-treated paper and yard refuse; (M2) fresh broiler manure with BA paper bedding; (M3) fresh broiler manure with pine shavings bedding; (M4) inorganic NPK; and (M5) inorganic NPK and BA. The soil was Cecil sandy clay loam subsoil. Top growth was harvested four times at 4 cm height with tops, roots, and stubble harvested at the fifth and final harvest. Composted litter was higher in water content and lower in NPK and B than fresh litter. As a result, over four times the mass had to be applied to achieve the desired N inputs. Boron concentrations in M1 on a dry matter basis were 290, M2=390, M3=52 mg B/kg, respectively. The NPK gave highest yields and compost (M1) gave the lowest yields. The risk of B toxicity to Tifway 2 bermudagrass from compost or manure containing BA-treated paper is minimal if N rates are in the agronomic utilization range. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilkinson AD - Southern Piedmont Conserv. Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 1420 Experiment Stn. Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 259 EP - 279 VL - 28 IS - 3-5 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16256677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Response+of+Tifway+2+bermudagrass+to+fresh+or+composted+broiler+litter+containing+boric+acid-treated+paper+bedding&rft.au=Wilkinson&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) reproduction and behavior on Scotch pine Christmas trees taken indoors AN - 16251275; 4227988 AB - Tomicus piniperda, the pine shoot beetle, is an exotic insect that was first found in North America in 1992. A federal quarantine currently restricts movement of pine products, including Christmas trees, from infested to uninfested counties. We conducted a study to determine if T. piniperda would reproduce in Christmas trees that were cut and taken indoors during the Christmas season. Twelve Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, Christmas trees infested with overwintering T. piniperda beetles were cut in Indiana in early December 1993 and taken to Michigan. Four trees were dissected immediately, while the other 8 trees were taken indoors, placed in tree stands, and watered regularly. After 4 weeks indoors, 4 trees were dissected, and the other 4 were placed outdoors in Michigan for 7 weeks. Upon dissection, all overwintering sites occurred along the lower trunk within the first 40 cm of the soil line; 81% were found within 10 cm of the soil line. Adults collected from the 4 trees dissected in December produced viable progeny adults when placed on Scotch pine logs in the laboratory. Overwintering beetles became active and laid eggs in 4 of the 8 trees that had been taken indoors. All adults and progeny found in the 4 trees that had been placed outdoors for 7 weeks during cold January and February temperatures were dead. Overall, T. piniperda can become active and breed in Christmas trees that are cut and taken indoors in December. Tomicus piniperda survival in trees that are discarded outdoors at the end of the Christmas season will depend largely on the prevailing temperatures. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Haack, R A AU - Lawrence, R K AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Experiment Stn., 1407 S. Harrison Rd., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 19 EP - 32 VL - 30 IS - 1-2 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Engraver beetles KW - Scotch pine KW - Timber beetles KW - reproduction KW - survival KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16251275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Tomicus+piniperda+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+reproduction+and+behavior+on+Scotch+pine+Christmas+trees+taken+indoors&rft.au=Haack%2C+R+A%3BLawrence%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Haack&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of immune responses to a GroEL heat shock protein in preventing brucellosis in mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 16244810; 4232991 AB - Resistance to infection with virulent Brucella abortus strain 2308 and antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to a recombinant 60 kDa B. abortus GroEL heat shock protein were measured in mice vaccinated with attenuated B. abortus strain RB51. Mice at 12-20 weeks after vaccination with 5 x 10 super(8) colony forming units (CFU) of strain RB51 had increased resistance to infection with strain 2308 and increased antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to GroEL following challenge infection with 2308. However, these mice at 12-20 weeks after vaccination did not have greater resistance to infection than mice vaccinated with 5 x 10 super(6) CFU of strain RB51, which had no increased antibody or lymphocyte proliferative response to GroEL. These results indicate that mice vaccinated with strain RB51 can have antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to GroEL during infection with virulent strain 2308, although neither response appeared to have an essential role in vaccine-induced immunity to brucellosis. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, G W AU - Mayfield, JE AD - Brucellosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - Brucella abortus KW - GroEL protein KW - brucellosis KW - heat shock proteins KW - mice KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Role+of+immune+responses+to+a+GroEL+heat+shock+protein+in+preventing+brucellosis+in+mice+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+G+W%3BMayfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site preparation alters soil distribution of roots and ectomycorrhizae on outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir AN - 16244729; 4228318 AB - This report documents root and ectomycorrhizal development on container-produced (1-0), outplanted, western white pine and Douglas-fir seedlings growing in site-prepared forest soils typical of the Inland Northwestern US. The following site preparations were used: 1) mounding organic and surface mineral horizons; 2) mounding with subsequent physical removal or chemical control of competing vegetation; 3) scalping to reduce competing vegetation; and, 4) a control or no post-harvest disturbance. Treatments were applied on relatively harsh and moderate sites in northern Idaho. Most ectomycorrhizae on the seedling population were found in the mineral substrates that dominated planting sites. However, compared to mineral substrates, highest seedling ectomycorrhizal tip counts were recorded in organic matter, particularly decayed wood or mixtures containing decayed wood. Strong ectomycorrhizal development was characteristic of western white pine. It supported highest ectomycorrhizal activity in organic substrates on the harshest treatments (scalps). Douglas-fir showed even stronger relative increases of ectomycorrhizae in organic substrates on harsh treatments. Three of the four common ectomycorrhizal morphological types were concentrated in mineral substrates with all treatments. A treatment-induced change of behavior was shown by the principal pine type. It occurred at highest numbers in organic substrates of the mound with competing vegetation treatment and in mineral substrates with the control. If relative availability to seedling roots was considered, organics (especially decomposed wood) were generally equal or superior to mineral substrates for supporting ectomycorrhizal activity on planted seedlings. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Harvey, A E AU - Page-Dumroese, D S AU - Jurgensen, M F AU - Graham, R T AU - Tonn, J R AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 107 EP - 117 VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Idaho white pine KW - Mountain white pine KW - Oregon pine KW - Red fir KW - Silver pine KW - USA, Idaho KW - Western white pine KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - forest management KW - forests KW - roots KW - soil microorganisms KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - D 04700:Management KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Site+preparation+alters+soil+distribution+of+roots+and+ectomycorrhizae+on+outplanted+western+white+pine+and+Douglas-fir&rft.au=Harvey%2C+A+E%3BPage-Dumroese%2C+D+S%3BJurgensen%2C+M+F%3BGraham%2C+R+T%3BTonn%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Kentucky-31 tall fescue to broiler litter and composts made from broiler litter AN - 16217198; 4275138 AB - Recycled paper treated with boric acid (BA) is gaining acceptance as bedding in broiler houses. Applying this litter to Kentucky 31 (K-31) tall fescue, Festuca Arundinacea Shreb, pastures raises the issue of potential boron (B) toxicity. There is also the question of nitrogen (N) availability from composts made with borated paper and broiler manure. The effect of five N sources at 224, 448, and 896 kg N/ha in a factorial arrangement plus an unfertilized control and high nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) + additional boron at 45 kg B/ha on growth and NPKB uptake of K-31 tall fescue was determined in a greenhouse during the spring of 1992. The five N sources were (1) inorganic salts, (2) compost made from hen manure, broiler manure, rescue hay and bark (M1), (3) fresh broiler litter (M2), (4) compost made from broiler manure and borated paper bedding (M3), (5) compost from hen manure, oak leaves, broiler litter (M4). The soil was Cecil sandy clay loam subsoil. Six harvests were made at 4-cm cutting heights for determination of dry matter, N, P, K, and B uptake in tops, stubble, roots, and residue. Relative yield response of M2 was 65% of that from inorganic NPK, whereas the yield of the three composts was 22-30% of that from inorganic NPK. Industry efforts to reduce the amount of boric acid used in the treatment of recycled paper, the high mobility of B in humid areas, the apparent ability of K-31 tall fescue to tolerate massive quantities of compost and high rates of B application suggest that the application of the broiler litter from houses where BA-treated recycled paper is used as bedding would be environmentally safe at application rates based on N requirements of K-31 tall fescue. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Wilkinson AD - Southern Piedmont Conserv. Res. Cent., USDA, ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 281 EP - 299 VL - 28 IS - 3-5 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16217198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Response+of+Kentucky-31+tall+fescue+to+broiler+litter+and+composts+made+from+broiler+litter&rft.au=Wilkinson&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating losses of efficacy due to pesticide biodegradation in soil model simulations AN - 16123252; 297910 AB - A model was developed for describing rates of pesticide-substrate biodegradation, accounting for bioavailability and microbial growth. The model was used to simulate losses of efficacy for soil-applied pesticides. The model requires rate constants for rapid sorption-desorption to and from soil surfaces (k sub(1)/k sub(-1) identical with K sub(d1)); diffusion into and out of soil aggregates-organic matter particles (k sub(2)/k sub(-2) identical with K sub(d2)); microbial growth [yield (Y), maximum growth rate ( mu sub(max)), half-saturation growth constant (K sub(s)), and initial biomass concentration (X sub(0))]; initial mass of substrate (S sub(0)); and gravimetric water content ( theta sub(g)). Simulations of microbial growth and substrate depletion were conducted assuming no sorption (aqueous solution), sorption to soil surfaces only, and sorption in conjunction with diffusion. The time required to achieve a soil solution concentration of 1 mu g mL super(-1) was defined as a hypothetical loss of efficacy (LE sub(1)). Certain relationships were consistently observed, regardless of sorption or diffusion: LE sub(1) was found to be related to K sub(s), linearly, to X sub(0) logarithmically, to mu sub(max) geometrically, and to initial pesticide-substrate concentration (S sub(0)) nonlinearly. Sorption to soil surfaces resulted in decreased equilibrium soil solution concentration (S sub(e)), depending on the magnitude of theta sub(g) and K sub(d1). Rates of biodegradation-growth were a function of S sub(e), as opposed to total (soluble + sorbed) concentration. Sorption coupled with diffusion decreased both S sub(e) and time-dependent availability, resulting in slower rates of biodegradation. In general, larger values of S sub(0) resulted in faster rates of biodegradation, i.e., decreased the time required for a loss of efficacy. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Shelton AU - Doherty, MA AD - USDA-ARS Environmental Chemistry Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1085 EP - 1090 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Bioavailability KW - Growth kinetics KW - Soil organic matter KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Biodegradation KW - Desorption KW - Mathematical models KW - Pesticides KW - Adsorption KW - Organic compounds KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Estimating+losses+of+efficacy+due+to+pesticide+biodegradation+in+soil+model+simulations&rft.au=Shelton%3BDoherty%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Mathematical models; Desorption; Biodegradation; Pesticides; Adsorption; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model describing pesticide bioavailability and biodegradation in soil AN - 16123209; 297909 AB - A model is proposed for describing pesticide-substrate bioavailability and rates of biodegradation in soil. The model accounts for sorption to soil surfaces, diffusion into the internal matrix of soil organic matter or aggregates, and microbial growth. Rates of sorption and diffusion are approximated by first-order kinetics while microbial growth is approximated by Monod kinetics. Model verification was performed using 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) degradation data from high and low organic matter soils inoculated with pure cultures of 2,4-D degrading bacteria. Estimates of sorption, diffusion, and Monod constants were obtained sequentially by fitting the defining differential equations to the data using nonlinear regression techniques. Independent estimates of initial biomass (X sub(0)) and growth yield (Y) were required, although X sub(0) could be approximated from the number of colony-forming units assuming a bacterial weight of 0.1 pg cell super(-1). The model could account for the partitioning of 2,4-D between soluble and sorbed phases and provided estimates of the Monod constants, mu sub(max) and K sub(s), which were generally consistent with values previously determined in pure culture. In conjunction with pest toxicology data, the model may be useful in predicting the time between application and loss of efficacy (i.e., window of efficacy) for biodegradable pesticide. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Shelton AU - Doherty, MA AD - USDA-ARS Environmental Chemistry Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1078 EP - 1084 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Bioavailability KW - Growth kinetics KW - Reaction kinetics KW - Soil organic matter KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Biodegradation KW - Mathematical models KW - Pesticides KW - Regression analysis KW - Diffusion KW - Organic compounds KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Model+describing+pesticide+bioavailability+and+biodegradation+in+soil&rft.au=Shelton%3BDoherty%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Mathematical models; Biodegradation; Pesticides; Regression analysis; Diffusion; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil microbial biomass and mineralizable carbon of water-stable aggregates AN - 16121996; 297911 AB - Biophysical alterations of agricultural soils following adoption of zero tillage (ZT) deserve investigation in order to better understand the processes of soil organic C (SOC) sequestration and turnover. We determined the vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), C mineralized in 24 d under standard conditions, and basal soil respiration (BSR) in five water-stable aggregate classes. Four soils (loam, silt loam, clay loam, and clay) from the Peace River region of northern Alberta and British Columbia were sampled following 4 to 16 yr under comparison of conventional shallow tillage (CT) and ZT. Macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) had greater SMBC, more C mineralized in 24 d, and higher BSR than microaggregates at a depth of 0 to 50 mm. Differences between macro- and microaggregates in these properties decreased with soil depth. Carbon mineralized in 24 d and SMBC were 9 plus or minus 9% greater (mean of four soils plus or minus standard deviation among soils) under ZT than under CT in macroaggregates, but were 6 plus or minus 11% lower in whole soil due to lower amounts in microaggregates under ZT than under CT. Macroaggregate-protected SOC to a depth of 200 mm was 6.7 plus or minus 1.9 g m super(-2) under CT and 9.8 plus or minus 2.6 g m super(-2) under ZT. Soil organic C in macroaggregates, which had high concentrations of active pools of SOC, appeared to have been shunted into the more stable microaggregate fraction after disturbance with CT. Unlike in temperate, humid climates, decomposition of SOC during the passage from macro- to microaggregates may have been limited by the frigid, semiarid climate. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Franzluebbers, A J AU - Arshad, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Watkinsville, GA, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1090 EP - 1097 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Mineralizable carbon KW - Mineralization KW - Particle size analysis KW - Soil aggregates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Organic compounds KW - Biomass KW - Agglomeration KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 805.1.1:BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W4 943.3:SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+microbial+biomass+and+mineralizable+carbon+of+water-stable+aggregates&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+A+J%3BArshad%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Organic compounds; Biomass; Agglomeration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced pine root extension rates AN - 16121893; 297915 AB - The relationship between soil water availability, root extension, and shoot growth of loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated in a rhizotron sand mixture in the absence and presence of crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) competition. Heights and diameters of seedlings grown with crabgrass were reduced 33 and 50%, respectively, compared with seedlings grown in pine monoculture. Furthermore, survival of seedlings was reduced by 16% in the mixed species treatments compared with pine monoculture cells. Soil water contents at all depths were at least 50% lower in mixed species treatments compared with pine monocultures during a dry-down cycle. Maximum loblolly pine root extension rate was 0.10 m wk super(-1) in pine monoculture compared with 0.02 m wk super(-1) in the presence of grass. Pine seedling root extension ceased in the presence of grass during prolonged periods of induced water stress. Crabgrass roots extended at a rate of 0.6 m wk super(-1), a rate largely unaffected by watering regime or differences in water content within the rhizotron. Pine root distributions, at the end of one growing season, were different for seedlings grown with grass than for those in pine monoculture; however, when seedlings of similar size were compared, root distributions were not different. Our results indicate that competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced the rate of pine root extension and thus the volume of soil exploited, thereby reducing resource availability and tree growth. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ludovici, KH AU - Morris, LA AD - USDA Forest Service, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1196 EP - 1202 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Moisture determination KW - Plants (botany) KW - Root extension KW - Trees KW - Water absorption KW - Water content KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sand KW - Forestry KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 944.2:MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W4 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Competition-induced+reductions+in+soil+water+availability+reduced+pine+root+extension+rates&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+KH%3BMorris%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Ludovici&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sand; Forestry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon to organic matter ratios for soils in Rocky Mountain coniferous forests AN - 16121577; 297914 AB - Vegetation type, soils, climate, and conversion ratios influence estimates of terrestrial C. Our objectives were to (i) determine carbon to organic matter (C/OM) ratios for brown cubical rotten wood, litter, surface humus, soil wood, and mineral soils; (ii) evaluate the validity of using 0.58 and 0.50 ratios for estimating C in mineral and organic soil components, respectively; and (iii) determine if C/OM relationships were applicable across broad geographic areas. The study sites were located from the southern to northern Rocky Mountains. They differed in vegetation, soil parent material, and climate. The C/OM regression slopes we developed for organic components were quite consistent and relatively constant across vegetation types ranging from 0.43 to 0.51 and were similar to the 0.50 traditional ratio. The C/OM regression slopes for mineral soils ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 depending on vegetation type. These slopes were lower than the 0.58 ratio often applied. The reliability of simple ratios when used in estimating C as a function of organic matter is often overestimated. Error and bias can be introduced into C estimates when using simple ratios. This study refined C/OM regressions for mineral soils and provided regressions for organic soil components. Information developed in this study can be applied to improve regional and global C assessments. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Jain, ThB AU - Graham, R T AU - Adams, D L AD - USDA, Moscow, ID, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1190 EP - 1195 PB - SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA, MADISON, WI, (USA) VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Climate KW - Climatology KW - Decay (organic) KW - Forests KW - Geographical regions KW - Plants (botany) KW - Regression analysis KW - Soil organic matter KW - Vegetation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Wood KW - Organic compounds KW - EE 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 443:METEOROLOGY KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - EE 811.2:WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 443:METEOROLOGY KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Carbon+to+organic+matter+ratios+for+soils+in+Rocky+Mountain+coniferous+forests&rft.au=Jain%2C+ThB%3BGraham%2C+R+T%3BAdams%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=ThB&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression analysis; Wood; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nondestructive elemental analysis of wood biodeterioration using electron paramagnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence AN - 16105318; 4203568 AB - Over the last few years we have developed nondestructive methods for the elemental analysis of wood during biodeterioration by fungi. In this paper we review progress made in our laboratories on the multi-element analysis of wood using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and synchrotron-generated X-ray spectroscopy. The non-intrusive sample preparation and the nondestructive methods have been used to detect elements in situ at concentrations as low as 0.1-10 ppm and to determine the redox states of several transition state metals. Custom specimen handling equipment and computer software were coupled with the analytical tools for mapping element accumulation and distribution. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Illman, B L AU - Bajt, S AD - USDA/FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 235 EP - 243 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - wood KW - biodeterioration KW - electron paramagnetic resonance KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+elemental+analysis+of+wood+biodeterioration+using+electron+paramagnetic+resonance+and+synchrotron+X-ray+fluorescence&rft.au=Illman%2C+B+L%3BBajt%2C+S&rft.aulast=Illman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue, Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; wood; biodeterioration; electron paramagnetic resonance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of southern pine from fungal decay and termite damage with N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine AN - 16099304; 4201459 AB - The design of environmentally benign methods for preserving wood in service requires an understanding of the precise sequence of the biochemical events that occur as wood is colonized. We hypothesize that in-situ precipitation of existing calcium ions in association with pectin in wood may prevent the cascade of biochemical events involved in fungal colonization. Preliminary experiments showed that pretreatment of wood blocks with the selective water-soluble calcium-precipitating agent N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA) inhibited decay caused by brown-rot and white-rot fungi as well as damage caused by eastern subterranean termites. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Green, F III AU - Kuster, T A AU - Ferge, L AU - Highley, T L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Products Lab., Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 103 EP - 111 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - Fomitopsis palustris KW - Gloephyllum trabeum KW - Meruliporia incrassata KW - N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine KW - Ophistoma minus KW - Ophistoma piliferum KW - Pine KW - Postia placenta KW - calcium KW - oxalic acid KW - pectin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - Reticulitermes flavipes KW - Penicillium KW - wood KW - pest control KW - Trichoderma KW - Trametes versicolor KW - Aspergillus niger KW - Pinus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Protection+of+southern+pine+from+fungal+decay+and+termite+damage+with+N%2CN-naphthaloylhydroxylamine&rft.au=Green%2C+F+III%3BKuster%2C+T+A%3BFerge%2C+L%3BHighley%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest control; wood; Aureobasidium pullulans; Reticulitermes flavipes; Penicillium; Trichoderma; Trametes versicolor; Pinus; Aspergillus niger ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological detection of wood decay fungi--an overview of techniques developed from 1986 to the present AN - 16099007; 4203529 AB - During the past decade, diagnostic methods for detecting incipient wood decay in vitro and in situ have been developed using antibodies to target fungal antigens. Antibodies are potentially ideal probes for detecting fungal biodeterioration because they are specific and can quantitate fungal antigens within a complex structure such as wood. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to various fungal components have been utilized separately and in concert for immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassays, particle agglutination assays, and chromatographic `dipstick' assays. This paper provides an overview of the challenges encountered and progress made in the field of forest products immunodiagnostics since 1986. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Clausen, CA AD - Research Microbiologist, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 133 EP - 143 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - fungi KW - wood decay KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - biodeterioration KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16099007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Immunological+detection+of+wood+decay+fungi--an+overview+of+techniques+developed+from+1986+to+the+present&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue, Biodegradation of wood. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; biodeterioration; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of fertilizer and its environmental consequences AN - 16098235; 4203811 AB - The increase in the use of fertilizer in agricultural production has been associated with a substantial increase in agricultural productivity in the United States. This increase in fertilizer use has been driven by a variety of economic forces including variations in the price of output and changing relative factor prices. Associated with the increase in the use of fertilizer have been adverse environmental consequences that are not reflected in the costs and returns of agricultural production. That is, externalities exist whose cost need to be internalized. Because the use of fertilizer has been shown to respond to market forces, it is efficient to use the market to control the use of fertilizer. This can be done through, for example, the use of a fertilizer tax. JF - Energy & Environment AU - Uri, N D AD - Natural Resources and Environmental Division, Economic Research Service, U.A. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 191 EP - 205 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0958-305X, 0958-305X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - taxation KW - USA KW - agrochemicals KW - environmental impact KW - economics KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16098235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=The+use+of+fertilizer+and+its+environmental+consequences&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.issn=0958305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; economics; agrochemicals; fertilizers; environmental impact; taxation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Gluconobacter oxydans whole cell biosensor for amperometric detection of xylose AN - 16087824; 4114946 AB - Whole cells of Gluconobacter oxydans were employed in a microbial sensor for xylose determinations using Clark-type electrodes. Bacterial cells were immobilized on chromatographic paper by simple physical adsorption and attached to the surface of the electrodes. The lower limit of xylose detection was approximately 0.5 mM and measurements were useful up to at least 20 mM xylose. Physiological buffers showed little effect on biosensor function. Responses were highly reproducible, showing a standard deviation of 6.7% over 10 consecutive measurements. Whole cell biosensors were relatively stable, retaining 60% of initial activity after 35 days of dry storage at 4 degree C. Xylose detection was not significantly affected by the presence of xylitol, suggesting that biosensors will be useful in monitoring conversions of these compounds. However, glucose or ethanol elicited a 10-fold higher response than xylose at equal concentrations (1 mM). Such interfering materials will need to be controlled or concurrently monitored in specific sensor applications. JF - Biosensors & Bioelectronics AU - Reshetilov, AN AU - Iliasov, P V AU - Donova, M V AU - Dovbnya, D V AU - Boronin, A M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - amperometer KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biosensors KW - Gluconobacter oxydans KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Gluconobacter+oxydans+whole+cell+biosensor+for+amperometric+detection+of+xylose&rft.au=Reshetilov%2C+AN%3BIliasov%2C+P+V%3BDonova%2C+M+V%3BDovbnya%2C+D+V%3BBoronin%2C+A+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Reshetilov&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biosensors; Gluconobacter oxydans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Success of intensive management of a critically imperiled population of red-cockaded woodpeckers in South Carolina AN - 16086934; 4116550 AB - By late 1985, the population of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, had declined to a low of four individuals. Because of extensive timber harvesting prior to the 1950s, the older live pine trees that Red-cockaded Woodpeckers require for cavity construction were limited. We monitored the response of the population to intensive habitat enhancement that included construction of artificial cavities, control of cavity competitors, and removal of the hardwood mid-story to improve nesting habitat quality. Translocations of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers from on-site and donor populations were undertaken to enhance the number of breeding pairs, the removal population size, and to minimize potential adverse genetic consequences of a small population size. From 1986-1995, we carried out 54 translocations, installed 305 artificial cavities, and removed 2304 southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) (a cavity competitor). Concomitant intensive population monitoring revealed that the number of breeding pairs of woodpeckers increased form 1 to 19 and the overall population size grew from 4 to 99 individuals, reflecting the highly focused habitat restoration effort. Intensive management has been successful in rehabilitating this artificially small population of endangered birds. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Franzreb, KE AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., Dep. Forest Resour., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-1003, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 458 EP - 470 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - population changes KW - USA, South Carolina KW - conservation KW - Picoides borealis KW - wildlife management KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16086934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Success+of+intensive+management+of+a+critically+imperiled+population+of+red-cockaded+woodpeckers+in+South+Carolina&rft.au=Franzreb%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Franzreb&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; USA, South Carolina; population changes; wildlife management; conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilization of lipoxygenase in an alginate-silicate solgel matrix: Formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides AN - 16081873; 4111418 AB - A method for the immobilization of lipoxygenase (LOX) in an alginate-silicate gel matrix was developed. In this method, a mixture of calcium alginate beads and LOX in borate buffer are dispersed into a hexane solution of tetramethoxyortho-silicate (TMOS). Hydrolysis of the TMOS gives products that permeate and co-polymerize with the alginate gel to form a colloid within the beads that entraps the LOX. Optimum reaction conditions for sol-gel entrapment of LOX are at pH 9.0 in 0.2M borate buffer. The composite gel, after isolation and vacuum drying, had excellent protein retention that has good enzyme activity and stability at room temperature. The activity of the entrapped LOX was less than the activity of the free enzyme. However, the activity of the immobilized LOX can be restored by the addition of borate buffer and glycerol, or borate buffer saturated with an organic solvent. In contrast to the free enzyme in solution, which loses its activity in less than one day, sol-gel entrapped LOX retains its activity at ambient temperature for at least 25 days and can be recycled. This report demonstrates that the sol-gel entrapment method for immobilizing LOX can be useful in developing a process for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Hsu, A-F AU - Foglia, T A AU - Piazza, G J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alginate KW - lipoxygenase KW - silicate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immobilized enzymes KW - Glycine max KW - gels KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16081873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Immobilization+of+lipoxygenase+in+an+alginate-silicate+solgel+matrix%3A+Formation+of+fatty+acid+hydroperoxides&rft.au=Hsu%2C+A-F%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BPiazza%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=A-F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilized enzymes; gels; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrastructural changes in the intestine of rats fed high-zinc diets AN - 16046648; 4088123 AB - The feeding of high-zinc diets to humans is often used as therapy for patients with Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder of copper accumulation. There seem to be no outward adverse effects of this treatment; however, preliminary studies in our laboratory have shown apparent weaknesses in the intestinal wall of rats fed high-zinc diets. As a consequence, this study was carried out to determine if feeding high-zinc diets to rats would affect the ultrastructural morphology of the small intestine. The effects of treatment on copper status of the rats also were determined. Weanling male rats were fed diets containing either 35 or 350 mg of zinc/kg. After 7 weeks, blood and various tissues were collected to measure copper status indicators, and portions of the upper duodenum were excised and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Results showed that rats fed high-zinc diets had significantly lower copper status as indicated by low serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin activity, and liver copper, than rats fed normal-zinc diets. Liver superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c oxidase activities were not affected by high zinc. Observations of sections of the duodenum by electron microscopy showed that non-assembled collagen molecules of the lamina propria were more often disorganized and formed tangled masses in rats fed the high-zinc diet than in those fed normal-zinc diets. This suggests that low copper status caused by high-zinc feeding might be affecting the activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme, and thus crosslinking of the collagen molecules. However, these observations did not always correlate with low copper status. Other possible explanations include a direct competition between zinc and copper for sites on lysyl oxidase, zinc blocking of aldehyde residues on the collagen molecule, or some unrecognized process involving other enzymes or other aspects of collagen assembly. Whether such processes or affinities actually exist is still under investigation. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Reeves, P G AU - Newman, SM Jr AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Box 9034, University Station, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - rats KW - ultrastructure KW - zinc KW - copper KW - collagen KW - lysyl oxidase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - diets KW - intestine KW - electron microscopy KW - X 24164:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16046648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+changes+in+the+intestine+of+rats+fed+high-zinc+diets&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BNewman%2C+SM+Jr&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intestine; diets; electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex attractant and aggregation pheromones of male phytophagous insects AN - 16043881; 4087567 JF - American Entomologist AU - Landolt, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 12 EP - 22 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 1046-2821, 1046-2821 KW - Insecta KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical communication KW - sex pheromone KW - aggregation pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16043881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Sex+attractant+and+aggregation+pheromones+of+male+phytophagous+insects&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Entomologist&rft.issn=10462821&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sex pheromone; aggregation pheromone; chemical communication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride: In vitro mutagenicity studies for human health hazards determinations AN - 16037687; 4091432 AB - 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPT-HCl) is an aniline derivative used in the manufacture of the dye palatine fast yellow; it is also registered as a selective, low-volume-use (<45 kg/yr) avicide. Three in vitro mutagenicity tests of CPT-HCl were performed according to methods recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): the Ames/Salmonella assay, the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (CHO /HPRT) mammalian cell forward gene mutation assay, and the CHO chromosome aberration assay. CPT-HCl did not display mutagenic activity using the Ames/Salmonella or CHO/HPRT assays. However, CPT-HCl induced statistically significant, concentration-dependent, metabolically activated increases in the proportion of aberrant cells and aberrations/cell in cultured CHO cells. Results are suggestive of minimal mutagenicity effects associated with exposure to anilines and their derivatives. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Stankowski, LF Jr AU - Sebastian, San, JR AU - Sterner, R T AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC, Natl. Wildl. Res. Cent., 1716 Heath Pkwy., Ft. Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 451 EP - 462 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - CHO cells KW - man KW - 3-chloro(p)toluidine hydrochloride KW - mutagenicity testing KW - aniline KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - chromosome aberrations KW - Ames test KW - Salmonella KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=3-Chloro-p-toluidine+hydrochloride%3A+In+vitro+mutagenicity+studies+for+human+health+hazards+determinations&rft.au=Stankowski%2C+LF+Jr%3BSebastian%2C+San%2C+JR%3BSterner%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Stankowski&rft.aufirst=LF&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Ames test; chromosome aberrations; mutagenicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A water resources decision model for forest managers AN - 16034078; 4096435 AB - Four decades of forest hydrology and meteorology research in northeastern United States has provided broad knowledge on relationships between forests and streamwater quantity and quality. We have incorporated this knowledge into a decision model to help forest managers protect and enhance water resources. The model is in a user-friendly format for personal computers, and allows the user to choose combinations from five management objectives or goals related to water quality and five related to water quantity. Options for management objectives to protect water quality are: (1) do nothing except obey the law, (2) provide intensive protection for wetlands as required by law, (3) enhance the habitat for warm-water fish, or enhance the habitat for cold-water fish, (4) provide intensive protection for water quality and unique flora and fauna found in the riparian area, (5) provide intensive protection for water quality beyond the usual Best Management Practices. Goals related to water quantity are: (1) do nothing except obey the law, (2) increase water yields, (3) limit peak flows, (4) maintain or exceed existing low flows, and (5) restore hydrologic function to previously disturbed lands. Regardless of goals selected, all users are first provided with information about Best Management Practices required to control non-point source pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Based upon the options selected, and taking into account forest stand and precipitation data provided by the user, one of six possible silvicultural systems is recommended to meet management objectives. Impacts of the recommended silvicultural system on water quality and quantity are provided in the form of text and tables. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Smith, R B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 84 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - best management practices KW - aquatic habitats KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - computer models KW - flow control KW - decision making KW - environmental protection KW - wetlands KW - forest hydrology KW - streams KW - water resources KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=A+water+resources+decision+model+for+forest+managers&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water supply; water resources; decision making; forest hydrology; water quality; best management practices; computer models; wetlands; aquatic habitats; flow control; environmental protection; streams ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of seedling damping-off disease in potting mix containing animal manure composts AN - 16013692; 4088588 AB - Broiler litter, dairy manure, and steer/horse manure were separately cocomposted with other organic residues, and the resulting composts incorporated into potting mixes. All the compost-amended potting mixes were suppressive to damping-off caused by Pythium and Rhizoctonia relative to disease conducive controls. The type of manure in the compost had a greater influence on damping-off of Pythium than of Rhizoctonia. Composts differed in the relative amounts of suppression of Pythium damping-off as follows: dairy manure greater than or equal to steer manure greater than or equal to poultry litter. However, dairy manure compost contained phytotoxins generated in anaerobic zones of the windrow. There was no statistically significant association between disease suppression and compost age. Comparisons between disease losses in nonautoclaved and autoclaved potting mixes provided evidence that disease suppression was microbially mediated. There was also some evidence that low levels of NO super(-) sub(2)--or NO super(-) sub(3)-- nitrogen were associated with suppression of Pythium damping-off. JF - Compost Science & Utilization AU - Ringer, CE AU - Millner, P D AU - Teerlinck, L M AU - Lyman, B W AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 6 EP - 14 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1065-657X, 1065-657X KW - composts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - manure KW - soil-borne diseases KW - Pythium KW - damping-off KW - Rhizoctonia KW - soil KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+seedling+damping-off+disease+in+potting+mix+containing+animal+manure+composts&rft.au=Ringer%2C+CE%3BMillner%2C+P+D%3BTeerlinck%2C+L+M%3BLyman%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Ringer&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium; Rhizoctonia; soil; manure; damping-off; soil-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the dietary level of iron from iron methionine and iron sulfate on immune response and resistance of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri AN - 15997778; 4080222 AB - Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings were fed purified diets supplemented with iron at levels of 0, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg from iron sulfate (FeS) or 5, 10, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg from iron methionine (FeM) in triplicate tanks for 8 wk. Fish were then divided into two groups and subjected to different assays to measure disease resistance and individual immune functions. Representative fish from each dietary treatment were challenged by bacterial immersion with virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri, and mortality due to enteric septicemia was recorded. Other fish were immunized with 0.2-mL formalin-killed E. ictaluri and boosted 21 d post-immunization. Antibody response was determined by FAST-ELISA. Chemiluminescent and chemotaxis assays were performed using peritoneal macrophages. Supplementation of the diet with various levels of iron from FeS or FeM did not significantly affect antibody production. Chemotactic migration by macrophages was depressed in iron-deficient fish and a level of 60 mg/kg from either FeS or FeM provided the highest chemotactic indexes. A deficiency of dietary iron was found to increase mortality of channel catfish due to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). However, more studies should be conducted to better understand the effects of sources and levels of dietary iron on immune responses and disease resistance in channel catfish. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Sealey, WM AU - Lim, Chhorn AU - Klesius, PH AD - USDA-ARS, Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 142 EP - 149 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - immunology KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - fish culture KW - Freshwater KW - iron compounds KW - therapy KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15997778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+dietary+level+of+iron+from+iron+methionine+and+iron+sulfate+on+immune+response+and+resistance+of+channel+catfish+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri&rft.au=Sealey%2C+WM%3BLim%2C+Chhorn%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Sealey&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; immunology; fish culture; iron compounds; therapy; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusaric acid increases melatonin levels in the weanling rat and in pineal cell cultures AN - 15996820; 4080049 AB - Fusaric acid (FA) is produced by several Fusarium species that commonly infect cereal grains and other agricultural commodities. FA in the feed of nursing dams is lactationally transferred to the suckling offspring and alters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) in the pineal gland of the neonate rat. 5HT is involved in melatonin (MEL) production by the pineal gland. MEL is a hormone important in reproduction and seasonality in animals. Therefore, the effects of FA on MEL in the serum and pineal gland of male and female 21-d-old weanling rats from dams on an FA diet were studied. MEL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was standardized for directly measuring MEL in rat serum and pineal homogenates. At 200 ppm in the diet of nursing dams, FA increased serum MEL in both sexes. Results obtained from ELISA were supported by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with fluorescence detection. MEL analysis of the pineal gland homogenates by ELISA and HPLC supported observations in the serum. Analogously, in pineal cell monolayer cultures, FA at 1 mu M and 100 mu M concentrations increased MEL in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the control cells. This is the first report that FA increases MEL in vivo and in vitro and suggests that FA contamination of diets may affect mechanisms involving MEL synthesis. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Rimando, A M AU - Porter, J K AD - Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 275 EP - 284 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - rats KW - cell culture KW - fusaric acid KW - melatonin KW - pineal body KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24172:Plants KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15996820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+increases+melatonin+levels+in+the+weanling+rat+and+in+pineal+cell+cultures&rft.au=Rimando%2C+A+M%3BPorter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; mycotoxins; high-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dilute acetic acid exposure enhances electrolyte leakage by Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton pectinatus tubers AN - 15994192; 4080107 AB - Subterranean vegetative propagules are important life cycle stages for some species of rooted aquatic plants. Sediments contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid. Tubers of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) and sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) were exposed to a range of acetic acid concentrations (0, 17.4, 87, 174, 348, and 696 mmol/l) for 1, 2, 4, or 8 days. Total electrolyte leaked increased with exposure to increased acetic acid concentrations and to a lesser extent longer exposure periods for both sago pondweed and hydrilla tubers. Logistic regression of tuber survival versus total electrolyte leaked indicated that 50% of sago pondweed tubers would not survive the damage indicated by a total electrolyte leaked value of 4.5%. For hydrilla, a similar value is 12.3% Twenty amino acids were released by tubers into the external medium following acetic acid exposure. Alanine, arginine, and gamma -amino butyric acid were the dominant amino acids lost from treated hydrilla tubers, accounting for 69% of the total amino acids leaked. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Control Res. Lab., Weed Sci. Prog., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 35 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton pectinatus KW - Sago pondweed KW - acetic acid KW - aquatic weed control KW - decomposing organic matter KW - hydrilla KW - introduced species KW - leakage KW - plant control KW - population exposure KW - sediment chemistry KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - aquatic plants KW - electrolytes KW - Freshwater KW - organic acids KW - amino acids KW - survival KW - regression analysis KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08542:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15994192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Dilute+acetic+acid+exposure+enhances+electrolyte+leakage+by+Hydrilla+verticillata+and+Potamogeton+pectinatus+tubers&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic acids; plant control; amino acids; aquatic plants; electrolytes; sediment chemistry; survival; introduced species; regression analysis; acetic acid; aquatic weed control; population exposure; leakage; decomposing organic matter; Potamogeton pectinatus; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) canopy morphology in relation to habitat, soil fertility and associated annual plant communities AN - 15994137; 4076719 AB - Differences in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) crown morphology may reflect changes in the relative demand for water vs. nutrient resources, coinciding with shrub growth and development. Creosotebushes with inverted cone-shaped crowns were more abundant in water-limited environments whereas hemispherical shaped creosotebushes were more abundant in less water-limited environments. Cone-shaped creosotebushes accumulated substantially less litter under their canopies than did creosotebushes with hemispherical shaped crowns. Soil nutrient concentrations under conical shrubs were similar to those in intershrub spaces and both of these were significantly less than soil nutrient concentrations under hemispherical shrubs. In ecosystems where overland flow of water exerted a greater influence on the movement of organic litter than did wind, shrub shape had little effect on long-term litter accumulation. No persistent differences in the biomass or diversity of ephemeral taxa exploiting undershrub areas were found, probably because the positive effects of greater nutrient resources under hemispherical shrubs were offset by the limitations imposed by the larger, more dense canopies of hemispherical shrubs. Overall, creosotebush morphology affected litter accumulation patterns and soil nutrient patterns, and must be considered when assessing the heterogeneity of desert ecosystems in the southwestern USA. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - De Soyza, AG AU - Whitford, W G AU - Martinez-Meza, E AU - Van Zee, JW AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Exptl. Range, NMSU Dep. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 13 EP - 26 VL - 137 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - canopy KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - morphology KW - USA, Southwest KW - Larrea tridentata KW - soil nutrients KW - water intake KW - litter KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15994137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Variation+in+creosotebush+%28Larrea+tridentata%29+canopy+morphology+in+relation+to+habitat%2C+soil+fertility+and+associated+annual+plant+communities&rft.au=De+Soyza%2C+AG%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BMartinez-Meza%2C+E%3BVan+Zee%2C+JW&rft.aulast=De+Soyza&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larrea tridentata; USA, Southwest; morphology; litter; soil nutrients; water intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a fiberscope for examining cavity nests AN - 15991416; 4074953 AB - A system is described that uses a fiberscope to view nests in cavities to provide detailed information on eggs and nestlings. The flexible probe can be inserted around bends, and the tip articulates to allow viewing of the entire cavity and nest. A light guide bundle furnishes light to enable viewing of dark cavities and optical fibers transmit the image from the lens to the eyepiece. Using the fiberscope, we were able to get accurate egg counts and to see details of the nestlings that indicated age and development, including feather growth and whether the eyes were open. Nest checks were also quicker than using the standard light and mirror apparatus. Drawbacks include cost and, possibly, durability. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Purcell, K L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2081 East Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 283 EP - 286 VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - equipment KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - cavity nesters KW - observation methods KW - Y 25866:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15991416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+fiberscope+for+examining+cavity+nests&rft.au=Purcell%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; cavity nesters; observation methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid culture production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 15969231; 4067483 AB - Liquid media with differing carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios were tested for production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. While all media tested supported sporulation in submerged culture, high blastospore concentrations (5.8 x 10 super(8) spores ml super(-1)) were produced in media containing 80 g glucose l super(-1) and 13.2 g Casamino acids l super(-1) (MS medium) and a significantly higher percentage (79%) of these blastospores survived air drying. Media containing glucose concentrations greater than 20 g l super(-1) and Casamino acid concentrations between 13.2 and 40 g l super(-1) supported maximal production of desiccation tolerant blastospores. All 23 isolates of P. fumosoroseus grown in MS media produced high concentrations of desiccation tolerant blastospores. When stored at 4 degree C, more than 60% of the lyophilized blastospores produced in MS medium were still viable after 7 months storage while less than 25% of the air-dried blastospores survived after 90 d storage. Standard whitefly bioassays were performed to compare air-dried blastospores of P. fumosoroseus ARSEF 4491 with solid substrate-produced conidia of Beauveria bassiana ARSEF 252. Air-dried blastospores of P. fumosoroseus gave LD sub(50)s of 60 and 113 blastospores mm super(-3) for the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) in two separate bioassays with potency ratios (LD sub(50) B. bassiana/LD sub(50) P. fumosoroseus) of 3.9 and 3.8, respectively. These results have demonstrated that high concentrations of blastospores of P. fumosoroseus can be rapidly produced in liquid culture, remain viable following drying, and infect and kill silverleaf whitefly. JF - Mycological Research AU - Jakcson, MA AU - McGuire, M R AU - Lacey, LA AU - Wraight, S P AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 35 EP - 41 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - liquid culture KW - media (culture) KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15969231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Liquid+culture+production+of+desiccation+tolerant+blastospores+of+the+bioinsecticidal+fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Jakcson%2C+MA%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BLacey%2C+LA%3BWraight%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Jakcson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; media (culture); liquid culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Designing an object-oriented structure for crop models AN - 15951512; 4056129 AB - Object-oriented design (OOD) and programming (OOP) offer many advantages for developing modular crop models. The model structure is well-defined, reuse of code is facilitated through inheritance, and data can be hidden (encapsulated) inside objects that correspond to physical components of the real system, e.g. roots, stems, leaves, or soil layers. However, OOD is best suited to describing the relationship between freely interacting objects, and it has so far been used almost exclusively for modeling simple, discrete and sequential actions. Plant models are not like the automatic teller machine software that is often used in examples of OOD. Plant organs, i.e. objects on the plant, do not wait passively for input from other organs, but they all grow in response to their environment and interact with each other simultaneously and continuously. Also, our ignorance of the processes controlling plant growth forces us to use devices like the limiting factor model to handle these interactions. Many plant models therefore calculate potential growth, limitations imposed by various factors, and then actual growth. In short, there are procedural elements in plant models that do not easily fit an OOD. However, some OOP languages like C++ allow mixed designs to be implemented, so we have developed a mixed, but mostly object-oriented structure that (1) contains the components familiar in extant procedural designs; (2) can be used for modeling at several levels of complexity; and (3) can be used to model any plant. The mixed procedural /object-oriented design has been implemented in C++ as a shell using dummy algorithms, and its operation verified. The problems and advantages are discussed. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Acock, B AU - Reddy, V R AD - USDA:ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 33 EP - 44 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - crops KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15951512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Designing+an+object-oriented+structure+for+crop+models&rft.au=Acock%2C+B%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Acock&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Object-oriented design of a cotton crop model AN - 15949641; 4056128 AB - We have developed a cotton crop model, Cotton++. This model will eventually be coupled with an expert system to advise farmers when to irrigate, fertilize and harvest their crops. Cotton++ is written in the object-oriented programming language C++. In this paper we discuss (1) the reasons we opted to adopt the object-oriented paradigm and (2) why we selected C++ over other available programming languages. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Lemmon, H AU - Chuk, Ning AD - USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 45 EP - 51 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - computer programs KW - models KW - cotton KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15949641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Object-oriented+design+of+a+cotton+crop+model&rft.au=Lemmon%2C+H%3BChuk%2C+Ning&rft.aulast=Lemmon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cotton; models; computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable specificity of Tn7::lacZY insertion into the chromosome of root-colonizing Pseudomonas putida strains AN - 15946590; 4057979 AB - To our knowledge, only one report has appeared in the literature that specifically addressed the question of insertion specificity of Tn7 in pseudomonads. Barry (1986), in an examination of four exconjugants derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens 701E1 with the use of the biocomponent (pMON7029 and pMON7018) system, found all of them to have a single lacZY insertion in the same location in the chromosome. We report here that broader application of the lacZY marking system to environmental pseudomonads has revealed that not all strains appear to share the feature of a single, preferred lacZY insertion site. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Staley, TE AU - Lawrence, E G AU - Drahos, D J AD - USDA-ARS-NAA, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 85 EP - 87 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - transposon Tn7 KW - chromosomes KW - lacZ gene KW - lacY gene KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - roots KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15946590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Variable+specificity+of+Tn7%3A%3AlacZY+insertion+into+the+chromosome+of+root-colonizing+Pseudomonas+putida+strains&rft.au=Staley%2C+TE%3BLawrence%2C+E+G%3BDrahos%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas putida; chromosomes; roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modular soil and root process simulator AN - 15934221; 4052506 AB - The ability to build models for various crop management scenarios can be enhanced by using modules corresponding to soil, root atmosphere and management processes. In this paper we describe the design of a generic modular soil and root process simulator (2DSOIL) for use in crop modelling. Coded in Fortran 77, it uses a three-level hierarchy to organize soil processes and their parameters into a modularized structure. Decoupling of processes and re-arrangement of boundary condition formulations are used to facilitate independence of modules and the encapsulation of information is consistently implemented. Variable time steps are selected using restrictions imposed by non-linearity of models. The use of this modular design allows modellers to reuse well-tested codes, and results in a decrease of effort in input data preparation and in expandability to encompass various management practices. The modular design of 2DSOIL allows it to be readily modified and easily incorporated into crop models. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Timlin, D J AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - USDA-ARS, Systems Res. Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 67 EP - 80 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - roots KW - crops KW - soil KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15934221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+modular+soil+and+root+process+simulator&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D+J%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; roots; soil; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing generic, object-oriented models in biology AN - 15932024; 4052493 AB - This paper describes object-oriented programming (OOP) in terms relevant to the modeling of biological systems. Object-oriented programming is not a new technique but remains mostly unexploited in biosystems modeling. For biological scientists, the ideas of object-oriented design, based on the notions of taxonomy, discrete structures, behavior, and scale, make the approach intrinsically familiar and thus inherently compelling. We present a new OOP framework that may serve as a generic foundation for the production of plant models. This OOP framework represents a first step towards the development of generic model architectures and provides modularity, mechanistic richness, and advantages in process evaluation previously unavailable. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Sequeira, R A AU - Olson, R L AU - McKinion, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Simulation Res. Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 17 EP - 31 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - plants KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15932024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Implementing+generic%2C+object-oriented+models+in+biology&rft.au=Sequeira%2C+R+A%3BOlson%2C+R+L%3BMcKinion%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sequeira&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction: Modularity in plant models AN - 15928796; 4052495 JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Acock, B AU - Reynolds, J F AD - USDA, ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - plants KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15928796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Modularity+in+plant+models&rft.au=Acock%2C+B%3BReynolds%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Acock&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modularity in plant models. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolysis by commercial enzyme mixtures of AFEX-treated corn fiber and isolated xylans AN - 15919493; 4048751 AB - Corn fiber is a coproduct produced during the corn wet-milling process and is similar to other high hemicellulose/cellulose-containing biomass such as grasses, straws, or bagasse, all of which represent potential fermentation feedstock for conversion into biofuels or other products. Corn fiber was subjected to ammonia-explosion (AFEX) treatment to increase degradability and then enzymatically digested with a combined mixture of commercial amylase, xylanase, and cellulase enzyme preparations. Whereas the starch and cellulose components were converted solely to glucose, oligosaccharides represented 30-40% of the xylan degradation products. This enzyme mixture also produced substantial oligosaccharides with xylans purified from corn fiber, corn germ, beechwood, oatspelt, or wheat germ. Commercial xylan-degrading enzyme preparations containing xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinosidase activities were then used alone or in varying combinations to attempt to maximize degradation of these isolated xylans of differing chemical compositions. The results showed that oatspelt and beechwood xylans were degraded most extensively (40-60%) with substantial amounts of xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose as products depending on the enzyme combination used. Corn fiber and wheat germ xylans, which contain large amounts of arabinose and uronic acid sidechains, were poorly degraded and only small amounts of arabinose and xylose and large amounts of pentamer or longer oligosaccharides were produced by enzymatic degradation. The data suggest that whereas enzymatic digestion of biomass hemicellulose does not produce toxic products, the process is not effective in producing a suitable fermentable substrate stream because of the low levels of monosaccharides and high levels of oligosaccharides produced. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Hespell, R B AU - O'Bryan, P J AU - Moniruzzaman, M AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. for Agric. Utilization Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 87 EP - 95 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - beta -L-arabinosidase KW - corn fiber KW - xylan KW - xylan 1,4- beta -xylosidase KW - xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Zea mays KW - fermentation KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15919493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hydrolysis+by+commercial+enzyme+mixtures+of+AFEX-treated+corn+fiber+and+isolated+xylans&rft.au=Hespell%2C+R+B%3BO%27Bryan%2C+P+J%3BMoniruzzaman%2C+M%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hespell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fermentation; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sphingolipids -- the enigmatic lipid class: Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology AN - 15900413; 4038104 AB - The "sphingosin" backbone of sphingolipids was so named by J. L. W. Thudichum in 1884 for its enigmatic ("Sphinx-like") properties. Although still an elusive class of lipids, research on the involvement of sphingolipids in the signal transduction pathways that mediate cell growth, differentiation, multiple cell functions, and cell death has been rapidly expanding our understanding of these compounds. In addition to the newly discovered role of ceramide as an intracellular second messenger for tumor necrosis factor- alpha , IL-1 beta , and other cytokines, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and other sphingolipid metabolites have recently been demonstrated to modulate cellular calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation. Perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism using synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors of key enzymes of the biosynthetic pathways is aiding the characterization of these processes; for examples, inhibition of cerebroside synthase has indicated a role for ceramide in cellular stress responses including heat shock, and inhibition of ceramide synthase (by fumonisins) has revealed the role of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in several animal diseases. Fumonisins are currently the focus of a FDA long-term tumor study. This review summarizes recent research on (i) the role of sphingolipids as important components of the diet, (ii) the role of sphingoid base metabolites and the ceramide cycle in expression of genes regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, (iii) the use of cerebroside synthase inhibitors as tools for understanding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of cell cycle progression, renal disease, and stress responses, and (iv) the involvement of disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in animal disease and cellular deregulation associated with exposure to inhibitors of ceramide synthase and serine palmitoyltransferase, key enzymes in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. These findings illustrate how an understanding of the function of sphingolipids can help solve questions in toxicology and this is undoubtedly only the beginning of this story. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Merrill, AH Jr AU - Schmelz, E-M AU - Dillehay, D L AU - Spiegel, S AU - Shayman, JA AU - Schroeder, J J AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, KA AU - Wang, E AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 208 EP - 225 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - lipids KW - sphingolipids KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15900413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Sphingolipids+--+the+enigmatic+lipid+class%3A+Biochemistry%2C+physiology%2C+and+pathophysiology&rft.au=Merrill%2C+AH+Jr%3BSchmelz%2C+E-M%3BDillehay%2C+D+L%3BSpiegel%2C+S%3BShayman%2C+JA%3BSchroeder%2C+J+J%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BWang%2C+E&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sphingolipids; reviews; lipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibodies to vitellins of bollworm and tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Biochemical and ecological implications AN - 15877937; 4027409 AB - We partially characterized the antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and purified vitellin of Heliothis virescens (F.). Through western blot analysis following pore-limiting electrophoresis, both antibodies were shown to recognize vitellin specifically. Western blots generated following SDS-PAGE indicated that the determinant for the antibody produced to H. virescens vitellin (HVE-1) was found exclusively on the large molecular weight apoprotein of vitellin, apoVn-I. The determinant for the antibody produced to H. zea eggs (HZE-1) was not detected by western blot analysis following SDS-PAGE, indicating that its determinant was disrupted by protein denaturation. Electrophoretic analyses also indicated that the apparent molecular weights of native heliothine vitellins ranged from 472,000 to 522,000 and those of their apoproteins ranged from 164,000 to 169,000 (apoVn-I) and from 45,000 to 47,000 (apoVn-II). The species- and stage-specificities of the antibodies also was determined. The HZE-1 antibody was found to be specific for vitellin of H. zea and 2 Old World relatives, Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), but did not recognize vitellins of H. virescens, Heliothis subflexa (Grote), or 3 genera of nonheliothine noctuids. The HVE-1 antibody recognized vitellins of all Helicoverpa-Heliothis species tested, but not those of the nonheliothine noctuids. Neither antibody cross-reacted with native proteins from homogenates or hemolymph of H. zea or H. virescens larvae or pupae. Western blots of adult hemolymph indicated that the antibodies also recognized vitellogenin, vitellin's precursor. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Goodman, CL AU - Greenstone, M H AU - Stuart, M K AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Agric. Res. Serv., Columbia, MO 65203-3535, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 83 EP - 90 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0013-3746, 0013-3746 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diets KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Z 05171:Alimentary system & nutrition KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15877937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibodies+to+vitellins+of+bollworm+and+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%3A+Biochemical+and+ecological+implications&rft.au=Goodman%2C+CL%3BGreenstone%2C+M+H%3BStuart%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00133746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; monoclonal antibodies; diets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Spiroplasma motility inhibition test, a new method for determining intraspecific variation among Colorado potato beetle spiroplasmas AN - 15877356; 4032127 AB - The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a major holarctic pest of solanaceous crops. Presumably, this insect spread from Solanum species in central America to the Mexican plateau, and this was followed by multiple invasions of North America and Europe. Attempts are being made to control this beetle by using a genetically modified spiroplasma that occurs naturally in its gut. In the current study, spiroplasmas isolated from beetles collected in North America and Poland exhibited serologic (spiroplasma motility inhibition test) and genomic (restriction fragment length polymorphism) profiles that suggest that there were multiple spiroplasma introductions. Two serovars were identified; one is found in northern North America and at high elevations in Poland, and the other is found in southern North America and at low elevations in Poland. The patterns of genovar distribution coincide with the serovar patterns. The existence of such biovars-intraspecific taxal units reflected by serologic and genomic differences-should be taken into consideration when taxonomies are developed and strains are chosen for biocontrol. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Hackett, K J AU - Lipa, J J AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Lynn, DE AU - Konai, M AU - Camp, M AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA, ARS, Rm. 214, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 33 EP - 37 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - North America KW - serotyping KW - gut KW - pathogens KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Poland KW - motility KW - Spiroplasma KW - taxonomy KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15877356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=The+Spiroplasma+motility+inhibition+test%2C+a+new+method+for+determining+intraspecific+variation+among+Colorado+potato+beetle+spiroplasmas&rft.au=Hackett%2C+K+J%3BLipa%2C+J+J%3BGasparich%2C+GE%3BLynn%2C+DE%3BKonai%2C+M%3BCamp%2C+M%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae; North America; Poland; gut; serotyping; motility; restriction fragment length polymorphism; taxonomy; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a simple transient assay for Ac/Ds activity in cells of intact barley tissue AN - 15870056; 4021994 AB - The development of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transformation system made it possible to consider the use of maize Activator /Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposable elements for gene tagging in transgenic barley plants. However, barley transformation is time-consuming, and therefore a simple transient assay for Ac/Ds activity in intact barley tissues was developed to test the components of a proposed gene tagging system, prior to their stable introduction into plants. In this assay, barley scutellar tissue is co-transformed with constructs containing the maize Ac transposase gene and an Escherichia coli uidA reporter gene (Gus), the expression of which is interrupted by a maize Ds element. In transformed barley scutellar cells, Ac transposase-mediated excision of the Ds element generates a functional Gus gene, leading to histochemically detectable GUS activity. Characterization of the excision products showed that they had a pattern of nucleotide deletions and/or transversions similar to that found in maize and other heterologous plant systems. In addition, although contrary to the situation observed in heterologous dicot systems, efficient Ds excision in barley, a heterologous monocot system, appears to be inversely associated with Ac copy number, a finding similar to the Ac dosage effects observed in maize. The transient assay was used to demonstrate functional transposase activity in barley callus lines stably transformed with an Ac transposase gene. JF - Plant Journal AU - McElroy, D AU - Louwerse, J D AU - McElroy, S M AU - Lemaux, P G AD - USDA-ARS/UC Berkeley Plant Gene Expression Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 157 EP - 165 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - transposon Ac KW - transposon Ds KW - uidA gene KW - Gus gene KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Zea mays KW - Escherichia coli KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+simple+transient+assay+for+Ac%2FDs+activity+in+cells+of+intact+barley+tissue&rft.au=McElroy%2C+D%3BLouwerse%2C+J+D%3BMcElroy%2C+S+M%3BLemaux%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hordeum vulgare; Zea mays; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does transpiration control stomatal responses to water vapour pressure deficit? AN - 15865577; 4024052 AB - Three types of observations were used to test the hypothesis that the response of stomatal conductance to a change in vapour pressure deficit is controlled by whole-leaf transpiration rate or by feedback from leaf water potential. Varying the leaf water potential of a measured leaf by controlling the transpiration rate of other leaves on the plant did not affect the response of stomatal conductance to vapour pressure deficit in Glycine max. In three species, stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit was eliminated when measurements were made at near-zero carbon dioxide concentrations, despite the much higher transpiration rates of leaves at low carbon dioxide. In Abutilon theophrasti, increasing vapour pressure deficit sometimes resulted in both decreased stomatal conductance and a lower transpiration rate even though the response of assimilation rate to the calculated substomatal carbon dioxide concentration indicated that there was no 'patchy' stomatal closure at high vapour pressure deficit in this case. These results are not consistent with stomatal closure at high vapour pressure deficit caused by increased whole-leaf transpiration rate or by lower leaf water potential. The lack of response of conductance to vapour pressure deficit in carbon dioxide-free air suggests that abscisic acid may mediate the response. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Bunce, JA AD - Climate Stress Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 131 EP - 135 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - stomatal conductance KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - transpiration KW - water potentials KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15865577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Does+transpiration+control+stomatal+responses+to+water+vapour+pressure+deficit%3F&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transpiration; water potentials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speciation of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) in sediment extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography--hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry AN - 15820423; 4005046 AB - Determining the redox states of arsenic (As) in environmental samples is important due to the pronounced differences in toxicity and mobility of the various forms. We have combined the separation capabilities of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the sensitivity and element specificity of hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) to determine arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], which have been shown to be the most toxic and prevalent forms of As in soil and water. The HPLC-HGAAS technique gave retention times of 2.2 and 4.2 min for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Detection limits of 200 pg of As (0.8 mu g/L As in solution) were obtained for both As(III) and As(V). The technique was used to determine As(III) and As(V) in deionized water and 1 mM PO sub(4) sequential extracts of estuarine sediment, coal fly ash, and saline evaporation pond sediment. Coal fly ash contained no detectable deionized water-extractable As(III) or As(V), but contained appreciable PO sub(4)-extractable As(V). The As(III) species was detected in all extracts of estuarine sediment, though 1 mM PO sub(4) released primarily As(V). Evaporation pond sediment also contained primarily PO sub(4)-extractable As(V). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Manning, BA AU - Martens, DA AD - USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 171 EP - 177 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - analytical methods KW - atomic absorption spectrophotometry KW - chemical speciation KW - chromatography KW - detection limits KW - pollution detection KW - retention time KW - sediment pollution KW - speciation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - arsenic KW - Freshwater KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15820423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Speciation+of+arsenic%28III%29+and+arsenic%28V%29+in+sediment+extracts+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography--hydride+generation+atomic+absorption+spectrophotometry&rft.au=Manning%2C+BA%3BMartens%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; sediments; arsenic; sediment pollution; pollution detection; chemical speciation; chromatography; speciation; analytical methods; retention time; detection limits; atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae AN - 15809162; 3999836 AB - Serpulina hyodysenteriae B204 cells treated with mitomycin (20 mu g of mitomycin/ml of culture broth) lysed and released bacteriophages. Bacteriophage particles, precipitated by using polyethylene glycol and purified by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, had a buoyant density of 1.375 g/cm super(3) and consisted of a head (45-nm diameter) and an ultrastructurally simple (noncontractile) tail (64 by 9 nm) composed of at least 13 proteins with molecular masses ranging between 13 and 101 kDa. The purified bacteriophage has been designated VSH-1 (VSH for virus of S. hyodysenteriae). VSH-1 was incapable of lytic growth on any of five intestinal spirochete strains, representing three Serpulina species. VSH-1 nucleic acid was determined to be approximately 7.5 kb in size and to be linear, double-stranded DNA based on differential staining with acridine orange, DNase I sensitivity, electrophoretic mobility, and contour length as measured by electron microscopy. Phage DNA digested by the restriction enzymes SspI, AseI, EcoRV, and AflII gave electrophoretic banding patterns nearly identical to those of digested chromosomal DNA from S. hyodysenteriae. Additionally, VSH-1 DNA fragments hybridized with probes complementary to S. hyodysenteriae chromosomal genes nox and flaA1. When purified bacteriophages induced from cultures of S. hyodysenteriae A203 ( Delta flaA1 593-762::cat) were added to growing cells of strain A216 ( Delta nox 438-760::kan), transductants (Cm super(r) Km super(r)) were obtained at a frequency of 1.5 x 10 super(-6) per phage particle (enumerated by electron microscopy). These findings indicate that induced VSH-1 virions package DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and are capable of transferring host genes between cells of that spirochete. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic transduction of a spirochete. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Humphrey, S B AU - Stanton, T B AU - Jensen, N S AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 323 EP - 329 VL - 179 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - isolation KW - phage VSH-1 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ultracentrifugation KW - DNA KW - transduction KW - density gradients KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15809162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+VSH-1%2C+a+generalized+transducing+bacteriophage+of+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+S+B%3BStanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; transduction; density gradients; ultracentrifugation; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical flow constrains flow hydraulics in mobile-bed streams: a new hypothesis AN - 13629472; 199800552 AB - As a step towards developing a comprehensive theory that links flow hydraulics and bed forms across a range of channel types, it is proposed that a similar mechanism of flow-bed form interaction found in sand-bed streams also applies to other mobile-bed channels. The hypothesis predicted that interactions between the channel hydraulics and bed configuration prevent the Froude number (Fr) from exceeding one for more than short distances or periods of time. Detailed examination of the mechanism in two steep sand-bed streams on the Oregon coast revealed Froude numbers between 0.7 and 1.3 in 20 to 30 second cycles, with an average of 1.0 at the channel thalweg. Active- bed braided gravel rivers, step-pool streams, laboratory rills, lahar-runout channels and even some bedrock channels have a similar interaction, constraining the Froude number to one. If this hypothesis that high gradient streams adjust their hydraulics according to a common principle is validated it will provide a useful method of predicting flow hydraulics in mountain streams. There are 83 references. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Grant, GE AD - USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 349 EP - 358 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Steepness KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13629472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Critical+flow+constrains+flow+hydraulics+in+mobile-bed+streams%3A+a+new+hypothesis&rft.au=Grant%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Portable and permanent flumes for channel flow measurement AN - 13627655; 199800374 AB - The use of vertically adjustable flumes to measure flow in lined and unlined canals is discussed. The device reduces upstream ponding which is often perceived as restricting flow. Operation of the flume, which is based on the theory of creating critical flow by forming a channel contraction, is described. Applications, including use as a shut-off structure and as an in-line gate to measure and regulate flow depth, are outlined. Commercial adaptation of 2 models constructed and tested in the laboratory are described. The features and operational capabilities of the portable flume, which combines new concepts with traditional field practices, are listed. JF - International Water & Irrigation Review AU - Replogle, JA AU - Wahlin, B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Phoenix, Ariz. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 8 EP - 12 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0334-5807, 0334-5807 KW - Equipment KW - Flow measurement (see also gauges gauging, meters) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13627655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Water+%26+Irrigation+Review&rft.atitle=Portable+and+permanent+flumes+for+channel+flow+measurement&rft.au=Replogle%2C+JA%3BWahlin%2C+B&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Water+%26+Irrigation+Review&rft.issn=03345807&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills AN - 13627601; 199800528 AB - Rill hydraulics and erosion were investigated as a function of slope and discharge rate in a laboratory flume with two soils an a uniform sand, and in a field study with one of the soils on a hillside with slopes up to 20 per cent. Total mass discharge rate, sediment discharge rate, flow width, slope, sample length and flow velocity were measured. The results challenged the assumption, often common in hydrological and erosion models that relationships derived for sheet flow or larger channel flow were applicable to actively eroding rills. Velocity did not vary with slope and Reynolds number was not a consistent predictor of hydraulic friction. This result was due to interactions of gradient, flow rate, erosion and the formation of rill roughness, bed structures and head cuts. Stream power was a consistent predictor of unit sediment load for the entire data set, while other hydraulic variables were not; the relationship was a logistic curve which was superior to those of other erosion models. There are 46 references. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Nearing, MA AU - Norton, L D AU - Bulgakov, DA AU - Larionov, G A AU - West, L T AU - Dontsova, K M AD - USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, Ind. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 865 EP - 876 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Rill KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13627601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Hydraulics+and+erosion+in+eroding+rills&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BBulgakov%2C+DA%3BLarionov%2C+G+A%3BWest%2C+L+T%3BDontsova%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS AN - 13623817; 199802268 AB - The literature concerning the modelling of the behaviour of non-point source (NPS) pollutants during transport through the unsaturated zone is critically reviewed. The growing recognition of diffuse sources of pollution and their significance for ground and surface water pollution is emphasized, and the development of the necessary modelling techniques, coupled with the application of geographic information systems (GIS) for recording spatial variability is considered. The characteristics of the most frequently used GIS-based models for NPS pollutants are summarized in tabular format, and some of the factors affecting the reliability and uncertainty connected with present NPS modelling techniques are reviewed. Some indications concerning the probable future development of GIS-based modelling systems are also included. There are 256 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Loague, K AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 2157 EP - 2175 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Spatial KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13623817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Modelling+nonpoint+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone+with+GIS&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughan%2C+P+J%3BLoague%2C+K&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for nitrate load in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon AN - 13621649; 199803615 AB - Predictive models for nitrate in 4 streams in a catchment of the Cascade mountains were developed from 14 years' data. Nitrate load was selected because it represented a catchment-level integrated response to the biological, chemical and physical processes generating nitrate. Forty-seven independent variables were initially screened graphically and then a more restricted set was examined by stepwise multiple regression of the auto-regressive time-series type. The logarithm of the nitrate load was related to 6 independent variables. These were: the logarithm of the 14-d mean daily stream discharge; the current day's precipitation; the logarithm of the previous day's precipitation; total precipitation for the previous 7 d; a hydrograph position variable indicating the rising or falling limb; and the average maximal air temperature for the preceding 14 d. The models described annual cycle and seasonable trends and variations in nitrate loads but not large day to day variations like those associated with hydrograph peaks. JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Bakke, P D AU - Pyles, M R AD - USDA Forest Service, Klamath Falls, Ore. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 897 EP - 906 VL - 33 IS - 4 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13621649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+nitrate+load+in+the+Bull+Run+watershed%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Bakke%2C+P+D%3BPyles%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the effects of nonpoint source pollution controls on Sny Magill Creek, Clayton County, Iowa AN - 1008820926; 2012-041111 JF - Midwest Ground Water Conference AU - Seigley, Lynette S AU - Wilton, Tom AU - Wunder, Gaige AU - May, Jayne AU - Schueller, Mike AU - Birmingham, Mike AU - Tisl, Jeff AU - Palas, Eric AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 45 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 42 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - fertilizers KW - monitoring KW - Clayton County Iowa KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - nonpoint sources KW - Iowa KW - nutrients KW - controls KW - Sny Magill Creek KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+effects+of+nonpoint+source+pollution+controls+on+Sny+Magill+Creek%2C+Clayton+County%2C+Iowa&rft.au=Seigley%2C+Lynette+S%3BWilton%2C+Tom%3BWunder%2C+Gaige%3BMay%2C+Jayne%3BSchueller%2C+Mike%3BBirmingham%2C+Mike%3BTisl%2C+Jeff%3BPalas%2C+Eric%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Seigley&rft.aufirst=Lynette&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 42nd annual Midwest groundwater conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03005 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Clayton County Iowa; controls; fertilizers; hydrology; Iowa; monitoring; nitrates; nonpoint sources; nutrients; pesticides; pollution; sediments; Sny Magill Creek; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current trends in human diseases associated with foods of animal origin. AN - 78615058; 8960177 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Morris, J G AD - Epidemiology and Emergency Response Program, USDA, FSIS, EERP, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. Y1 - 1996/12/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 15 SP - 2045 EP - 2047 VL - 209 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Parasitology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78615058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Current+trends+in+human+diseases+associated+with+foods+of+animal+origin.&rft.au=Morris%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-15&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary carbonates in three fine and fine-loamy Alfisols in Michigan AN - 52611785; 1998-030636 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Schaetzl, Randall J AU - Frederick, William E AU - Tornes, Lawrence Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 1862 EP - 1870 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Michigan Lower Peninsula KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - secondary minerals KW - Calhoun County Michigan KW - Alfisols KW - Iosco County Michigan KW - fine-grained materials KW - classification KW - parent materials KW - acidic composition KW - Michigan KW - carbonates KW - Midwest KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52611785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Secondary+carbonates+in+three+fine+and+fine-loamy+Alfisols+in+Michigan&rft.au=Schaetzl%2C+Randall+J%3BFrederick%2C+William+E%3BTornes%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Schaetzl&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidic composition; Alfisols; Calhoun County Michigan; carbonates; classification; fine-grained materials; Iosco County Michigan; Michigan; Michigan Lower Peninsula; Midwest; parent materials; pedogenesis; secondary minerals; soil profiles; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous culture of pig tissue-derived macrophages AN - 16359639; 4217848 AB - Normal tissue macrophages from fetal and adult pig tissues can be continuously cultured by growing simple explant cultures on feeder layers of STO mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Macrophage cultures initiated from fetal and newborn pig testicle and liver explants grew from eight to 30 population doublings. The macrophages grew on top of the STO feeder cells in two forms: either a semi-attached round refractile morphology, or a closely attached ameboid morphology with several extended pseudopods. Cultured macrophages had large lobed nuclei, numerous complex vacuoles, and filopodia by transmission electron microscopic examination. The macrophages rapidly took up and sequestered acetylated-LDL in their vacuoles. They were highly phagocytic and expressed CD14 on their surface. Macrophage cultures were also initiated from tissues of the turkey, rat, mouse, cow, and sheep (data not shown). This simple method of isolating and propagating tissue macrophages could routinely provide macrophages for general research, adoptive immunotherapy, and somatic gene therapy (DBO). JF - Methods in Cell Science AU - Talbot, N C AU - Paape, MJ AD - USDA, ARS, LPSI, GEML, Bldg. 200, Rm. 13, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 315 EP - 327 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1381-5741, 1381-5741 KW - continuous culture KW - macrophages KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.atitle=Continuous+culture+of+pig+tissue-derived+macrophages&rft.au=Talbot%2C+N+C%3BPaape%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.issn=13815741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a chimeric Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus containing the leader gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus AN - 16263292; 4242439 AB - The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader coding region (Lb) was cloned into a full-length cDNA of the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) replacing the complete L coding region of TMEV. This construct, pDAFSSC1-Lb, was engineered to contain cleavage sites, at the 3' end of the Lb coding region, for both the FMDV Lb and the TMEV 3C proteases. Transcripts derived from this construct were translated in a cell-free system. Analysis of the translation products showed efficient synthesis and processing of TMEV structural and nonstructural proteins as well as a major band that comigrated with FMDV Lb and was reactive with Lb antiserum. A small plaque virus was recovered from BHK-21 cells transfected with RNA derived from pDAFSSC1-Lb. RT-PCR of RNA isolated from DAFSSC1-Lb virus demonstrated a product corresponding in size and sequence to FMDV Lb. DAFSSC1-Lb virus grew slower than parental virus, DAFSSC1, and to a lower titer. The pattern of viral proteins synthesized in DAFSSC1-Lb virus-infected cells was very similar to the pattern in DAFSSC1 virus-infected cells except that significant amounts of FMDV Lb were produced. In addition, extracts from DAFSSC1-Lb-virus-infected cells cleaved an exogenous source of the translation initiation factor, p220, while DAFSSC1-virus-infected extracts did not. Chimeric viruses that contain coding regions from different picornaviral genera may be valuable tools in investigating the function of particular viral proteins and in studying disease pathogenesis. JF - Virology AU - Piccone, ME AU - Chen, H-H AU - Roos, R P AU - Grubman, MJ AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, New York 11944, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 135 EP - 139 VL - 226 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Lb gene KW - Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus KW - double prime Lb gene KW - chimeras KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - gene fusion KW - leader sequence KW - pathogenesis KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - N3 11130:Neurovirology KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22031:Viral nucleic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16263292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+chimeric+Theiler%27s+murine+encephalomyelitis+virus+containing+the+leader+gene+of+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus&rft.au=Piccone%2C+ME%3BChen%2C+H-H%3BRoos%2C+R+P%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Piccone&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual biology and mating disruption of orange tortrix, Argyrotaenia citrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 16255477; 4239463 AB - Studies were conducted to characterize the sexual biology of Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald) and to evaluate the potential of sex pheromones to disrupt moth communication. Both males and females are sexually active during their first scotophase. Virgin females start calling 3 hrs into scotophase and continue until sunrise. Calling frequency by virgins is lower during the first than in subsequent nights. Females generally mate once during a scotophase. Calling is reduced after mating for one scotophase and then increases though mated females continue to call less frequently than virgins. Peak calling. by mated females is delayed several hours compared with virgins. Females may remate after 1-3 days. Males can mate more than once per scotophase. Oviposition is concentrated during early scotophase. Females laid an average of five egg masses. Communication and mating disruption were evaluated in replicated 0.1 ha plots and 100 m super(2) field cages treated with field-aged polyethylene tube dispensers releasing 0.7-1.2 mg/d of either (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate alone or in a 15:1 blend with (Z)-11-tetradecenal. Mating of tethered females in field cages and catches of lure and female-baited traps in small field plots were nearly completely disrupted with the two component blend. Dispensers emitting only the acetate pheromone were less effective in disrupting moth communication in similar tests. JF - Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia AU - Knight, AL AD - USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 111 EP - 120 VL - 93 SN - 0071-0733, 0071-0733 KW - Leaf rollers KW - Leaf tyers KW - Lepidoptera KW - calling behavior KW - mating disruption KW - oviposition KW - sex pheromone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.atitle=Sexual+biology+and+mating+disruption+of+orange+tortrix%2C+Argyrotaenia+citrana+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Knight%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+British+Columbia&rft.issn=00710733&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs AN - 16081785; 4112296 AB - A new universal oligonucleotide primer pair R16mF2/R1 and a modified universal oligonucleotide primer pair R16F2n/R2 for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed on the basis of comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 19 phytoplasmas (previously called mycoplasmalike organisms), 48 related mollicutes, and other prokaryotes. These primer pairs specifically initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences from representatives of all known phytoplasma 16S rRNA groups plus one closely related Acholeplasma strain. These primer pairs did not initiate amplification from any healthy plant host or any plant pathogenic bacteria tested. Direct PCR assays using the new primer pair R16mF2 /R1 allowed sensitive detection of phytoplasmas from most woody hosts, including ornamental and fruit trees where the associated phytoplasmas had not been readily detected before. Nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs, R16mF2/R1 and R16F2n/R2, increased detection sensitivity over 100 fold and readily detected phytoplasmas from all the woody hosts and insect hosts tested. RFLP analysis of the nested-PCR products allowed identification of the primary phytoplasma(s) associated with each tissue sample. JF - Phytopathologia Mediterranea AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Lee, I-M AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 144 EP - 151 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0031-9466, 0031-9466 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phytoplasma KW - Acholeplasma KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01115:Mycoplasmas KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16081785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathologia+Mediterranea&rft.atitle=Ultrasensitive+detection+of+phytoplasmas+by+nested-PCR+assays+using+two+universal+primer+pairs&rft.au=Gundersen%2C+DE%3BLee%2C+I-M&rft.aulast=Gundersen&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathologia+Mediterranea&rft.issn=00319466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acholeplasma; phytoplasma; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of union mild etch, a newly recognized disorder, on almond scions growing on Marianna 2624 rootstock AN - 16011367; 4081084 AB - Symptoms of union mild etch (UME) disease appeared on young trees of almond (Prunus dulcis) and consisted of light green to yellow drooped leaves that detached prematurely from current-season shoots otherwise exhibiting normal growth and development. Concomitantly, a mild etching was observed in the woody cylinder at the junction of the almond scions and the plum rootstock, Marianna 2624 (P. cerasifera x P. munsoniana). Affected trees were diagnosed in several orchards; one orchard had a 75% incidence and some trees died the same year they were diagnosed. However, many trees appeared to recover, with partial or complete lack of symptoms. Transmission attempts by grafting bud chips and bark patches to healthy almond/Marianna 2624 trees proved unsuccessful. Similarly, assays for viral, phytoplasma, and root rot pathogens were negative. The causal agent of UME is currently unknown. Measurements of tree trunks and nut harvests over four seasons showed that UME-affected Mission trees had significantly lower yields and less vegetative growth than healthy trees. JF - Plant Disease AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Connell, J H AU - Greer, CA AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1406 EP - 1408 VL - 80 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - union mild etch KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - etiology KW - Prunus dulcis KW - transmission KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16011367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+union+mild+etch%2C+a+newly+recognized+disorder%2C+on+almond+scions+growing+on+Marianna+2624+rootstock&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BConnell%2C+J+H%3BGreer%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus dulcis; transmission; etiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-cockaded woodpecker nesting success, forest structure, and southern flying squirrels in Texas AN - 16001123; 4077035 AB - For several decades general opinion has suggested that southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) have a negative effect on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) through competition for cavities and egg/nestling predation. Complete removal of hardwood trees from Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree clusters has occurred on some forests because southern flying squirrel abundance was presumed to be associated with the presence and abundance of hardwood vegetation. In some locations, southern flying squirrels have been captured and either moved or killed in the name of Red-cockaded Woodpecker management. We determined southern flying squirrel occupancy of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities in loblolly (Pinus taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitat (with and without hardwood midstory vegetation) and longleaf pine (P. palustris) habitat (nearly devoid of hardwood vegetation) during spring, late summer, and winter during 1990 and 1991. Flying squirrel use of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities was variable and was not related to presence or abundance of hardwood vegetation. Woodpecker nest productivity was not correlated with flying squirrel use of woodpecker cavities within clusters. In addition, we observed six instances where Red-cockaded Woodpeckers successfully nested while flying squirrels occupied other cavities in the same tree. Our results suggest that complete removal of hardwoods from woodpecker cluster areas in loblolly and shortleaf pine habitat may not provide benefits to the woodpeckers through reduction of flying squirrel numbers. Reduction of hardwood midstory around cavity trees, however, is still essential because of the woodpecker's apparent innate intolerance of hardwood midstory foliage. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Saenz, D AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Res. Stn., U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 697 EP - 711 VL - 108 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - interspecific relationships KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - nests KW - Glaucomys volans KW - site selection KW - USA, Texas KW - breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16001123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-cockaded+woodpecker+nesting+success%2C+forest+structure%2C+and+southern+flying+squirrels+in+Texas&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Glaucomys volans; USA, Texas; breeding success; nests; site selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of sediment and nitrate loss on a vertisol with conservation tillage practices AN - 15947962; 4055887 AB - Shrinking and swelling clay soils are dominant in the Blackland Prairie of Central Texas and comprise a vast majority of agricultural production land in the area. An agricultural field scale simulation model (EPIC) was applied on six small watersheds located in Riesel, Texas. A non-calibrated model performance evaluation of the runoff, sediment yield, nutrient transport, and crop growth components was completed. Management practices included no-till and conventional till systems. Annual and monthly predicted parameter values were compared with measured data for a 5-year period. Annual comparisons indicate close agreement between means and standard deviations for runoff, erosion, and nitrate-nitrogen. Significant correlation existed between monthly measured and simulated runoff and erosion. Significant correlation for nitrate-nitrogen was present in a majority of the cases studied. Prediction efficiency was significant for all elements except nitrate-nitrogen on two watersheds. The results of this study indicate EPIC's ability to simulate natural processes without calibration on shrinking and swelling clay soils with varying management practices. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - King, K W AU - Richardson, C W AU - Williams, J R AD - USDA-ARS, 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 2139 EP - 2145 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - EPIC KW - USA, Texas, Riesel KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - clays KW - model testing KW - agricultural practices KW - comparison studies KW - runoff KW - nitrates KW - correlation analysis KW - performance evaluation KW - soil erosion KW - simulation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+sediment+and+nitrate+loss+on+a+vertisol+with+conservation+tillage+practices&rft.au=King%2C+K+W%3BRichardson%2C+C+W%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; nitrates; agricultural practices; performance evaluation; comparison studies; correlation analysis; clays; model testing; runoff; soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration modeling of partial canopy/residue-covered fields AN - 15947910; 4055865 AB - Knowledge of soil evaporation (E) and crop transpiration (T), collectively referred to as evapotranspiration (ET), is central to water budget analysis and modeling of agricultural cropping systems. The double layer Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) model provides the potential of modeling ET for the entire range of canopy cover. This model is extended herein to include the effects of surface crop residues on soil evaporation by explicitly specifying a partially covered soil area and partitioning evaporation between the bare and residue-covered areas. Although the extended S-W model is physically based, simplifying assumptions are made for the sake of functionality. Model derivation and potential uses are discussed. The main drawback to the model's field application is parameter estimation. In this article, the concepts of soil and residue evaporative resistances are explored leading to proposed methods for estimating these difficult-to-determine parameters. An immediate use of the model is in predicting daily E and T rates in system-wide agricultural simulation models. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Farahani, HJ AU - Ahuja, L R AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Great Plains Systems Res. Unit, 301 S. Howes St., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 2051 EP - 2064 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - canopy KW - mulches KW - agriculture KW - prediction KW - resistance KW - estimating KW - detritus KW - evapotranspiration KW - energy KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15947910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+modeling+of+partial+canopy%2Fresidue-covered+fields&rft.au=Farahani%2C+HJ%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Farahani&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; evapotranspiration; canopy; detritus; energy; mulches; resistance; estimating; prediction; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population level processes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii: The role of founder effects AN - 15938241; 4056523 AB - The importance of genotype-specific selection between host and symbiont, founder effect, and clonal reproduction in Rhizobia leguminosarum biovar trifolii populations is relatively unknown. A field experiment was conducted to sample 1268 isolates of R. l. bv. trifolii from four genotypically distinct Trifolium pratense plants for allozyme variation at nine loci. Genetic and genotypic variation, population genetic substructure, and linkage disequilibrium were estimated. Of the 1268 isolates 188 genotypically distinct strains (electrophoretic types or ETs) were identified with an average of 11.04 different ETs per plant. Total genetic diversity in the plot was 0.346 and most of the variation was found within plants ( approximately 80%). Our data suggests that genotype-specific selection between the rhizobia and the four host-plant genotypes tested does not influence local population structure, but evidence of founder effect was present. Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed and is most likely due to the clonal reproduction of R. l. bv. trifolii. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Hagen, MJ AU - Hamrick, J L AD - USDA-ARS Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 707 EP - 714 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - founder effect KW - population genetics KW - genetic diversity KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Trifolium pratense KW - population structure KW - Rhizobium leguminosarum trifolii KW - linkage disequilibrium KW - selection KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15938241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Population+level+processes+in+Rhizobium+leguminosarum+bv.+trifolii%3A+The+role+of+founder+effects&rft.au=Hagen%2C+MJ%3BHamrick%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium leguminosarum trifolii; Trifolium pratense; founder effect; population genetics; selection; linkage disequilibrium; genetic diversity; population structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling a poisonous plant population: Quantifying toxic alkaloids in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) leaves AN - 15935740; 4046629 AB - Poisonous plants and noxious weeds are often chemically examined to determine concentrations of secondary metabolites which are responsible for their toxic or biological activity. This study examined sample size requirements and sample methods necessary to quantify accurately the concentrations of individual and total toxic alkaloids in two tall larkspur populations. A high performance liquid chromatography analytical method was utilized to determine toxic alkaloid concentrations in all leaves from three individual plant stems and leaves from the remaining stems (remainder) from each of 50 plants in each population. To obtain high precision in quantifying toxic alkaloids in the larkspur populations (within 2.5 to 5% of the population mean, 0.95 confidence), very large numbers of samples (>50-200) were required. However, lower precision (within 10% of the population mean, 0.90-0.95 confidence) required only 20 samples. Similarly, testing parameters relating to toxin concentration in tall larkspur populations within 5 or 10% of the population mean also required hundreds of samples at power levels of 0.95 and alpha -levels of 0.05. Relaxing power and alpha -level requirements to 0.80 and 0.1 respectively, reduced sample size to about 30. The means obtained by four different sampling methods were similar (P>0.05). Alkaloid concentrations in leaf samples from single stems were highly correlated to whole-plant leaf (remainder) samples (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.76), indicating that harvesting leaves from single stems provided representative samples of the entire plant. The results indicate the difficulty in obtaining accurate information about toxins in poisonous plant populations for risk assessment by livestock producers or extension agents and demonstrate the necessity for efficient analytical methodology. Researchers evaluating concentrations of plant compounds in other weeds or toxic plants should consider variability, sampling procedure, and sample size before experiments begin. JF - Weed Science AU - Manners, G D AU - Pfister, JA AD - Res. Chem., USDA, Agric. Res. Ser., Western Regional Res. Ctr., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 782 EP - 788 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - alkaloids KW - methyllycaconitine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxins KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - weeds KW - leaves KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15935740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Sampling+a+poisonous+plant+population%3A+Quantifying+toxic+alkaloids+in+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29+leaves&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; leaves; toxins; weeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence attributes of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy heifer feces AN - 15866362; 4024608 AB - Escherichia coli isolates from 1,305 (of 6,894) fecal samples collected during the 1991-1992 USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Animal Health Monitoring System, Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project were tested for virulence attributes associated with human enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and the enterotoxin commonly associated with diarrhoea in newborn calves. Single, random isolates from each heifer were hybridized to probes derived from the 60 mDa EHEC plasmid (CVD 419), E. coli attaching and effacing gene (eae), Shiga-like toxin (slt) genes I and II, and E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin a (STaP). Seventy-seven of the 1305 isolates (5.9%) were slt-positive. Most (81.8%) slt-positive E. coli were also CVD 419 and eae-positive. Only 2 of the slt-positive E. coli isolates were STaP-positive. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Cray, WC Jr AU - Thomas, LA AU - Schneider, R A AU - Moon, H W AD - Enteric Dis. and Food Safety Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 369 EP - 374 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - eae gene KW - slt gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - virulence KW - enterotoxins KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virulence+attributes+of+Escherichia+coli+isolated+from+dairy+heifer+feces&rft.au=Cray%2C+WC+Jr%3BThomas%2C+LA%3BSchneider%2C+R+A%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Cray&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; virulence; diarrhea; enterotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substitution of cottonseed meal for marine animal protein in diets for Penaeus vannamei AN - 15852932; 4012063 AB - Solvent-extracted cottonseed meal was used in shrimp Penaeus vannamei diets at levels of 0, 13.3, 26.5, 39.8, 53.0 and 66.3%, substituting on an equal nitrogen basis for 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of animal protein mix (53% menhaden fish meal, 34% shrimp waste meal and 13% squid meal). The feeds were formulated to contain 32% crude protein and 3,100 kcal metabolizable energy/kg. Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp to satiation four times daily for 8 wk. Shrimp fed the three lowest dietary levels of cottonseed meal (0, 13.3 and 26.5%) had similar weight gain, feed consumption and survival. The performance of shrimp was adversely affected when diets containing more than 26.5% cottonseed meal, or 1,100 ppm free gossypol, were fed. Shrimp fed the diet with 39.8% cottonseed meal or 1,600 ppm free gossypol had depressed weight gain, reduced feed intake and high mortality. The groups receiving the two highest dietary levels of cottonseed meal lost weight by the end of week 4 and all shrimp in these treatments died within 6 to 8 wk. These adverse effects were probably due to the toxicity of free gossypol. Shrimp appeared to accumulate gossypol in the body as evidenced by light yellow-green coloration in shrimp fed diets containing cottonseed meal. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Lim, C AD - Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 402 EP - 409 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - Penaeus vannamei KW - free gossypol toxicity KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - feeding experiments KW - Marine KW - toxicity KW - diets KW - mortality KW - nutritive value KW - shrimp culture KW - feed composition KW - proteins KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15852932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Substitution+of+cottonseed+meal+for+marine+animal+protein+in+diets+for+Penaeus+vannamei&rft.au=Lim%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feeding experiments; toxicity; mortality; diets; nutritive value; feed composition; shrimp culture; proteins; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic impacts of guided whitewater rafting: A study of five rivers AN - 15837963; 4009942 AB - This paper presents estimates of the statewide economic impacts of guided whitewater rafting on five rivers in six states: the Nantahala (North Carolina), Gauley (West Virginia), Kennebec (Maine), Middle Fork of the Salmon (Idaho), and Chattooga (Georgia-South Carolina). Except for the Chattooga and Middle Fork, rafting is dependent on upstream dam releases. Guide fees range from about $15 per trip on the Nantahala to over $1,000 on the Middle Fork. Economic impacts per nonresident 1000 visitors increase along with length of the rafting trip and remoteness of the river. Total industrial output per 1000 nonresident visitors ranged from $95,000 on the Nantahala to over $2.5 million on the Middle Fork. However, because of differences in annual visitation levels, total impacts were greatest at the Nantahala, at over $14 million in 1993. Multipliers for all economic measures were relatively consistent over the rivers. Employment multipliers (Type III) ranged from 1.67 to 1.90, income multipliers from 2.0 to 2.4, and industrial output multipliers from 2.1 to 2.5. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - English, DBK AU - Bowker, J M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Res. Stn., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1319 EP - 1328 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - economic analysis KW - economic impact KW - recreational waters KW - state jurisdiction KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - tourism KW - Freshwater KW - rivers KW - recreation KW - USA KW - dams KW - Q2 09125:Recreation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15837963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Economic+impacts+of+guided+whitewater+rafting%3A+A+study+of+five+rivers&rft.au=English%2C+DBK%3BBowker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=DBK&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recreational waters; dams; tourism; recreation; rivers; economic analysis; state jurisdiction; economic impact; USA; Freshwater ER -