TY - JOUR T1 - A ground water recharge field study: site characterization and initial results AN - 17465112; 4669144 AB - A field study site was installed in east-central Pennsylvania to examine processes controlling groundwater recharge. It was instrumented to monitor climatic inputs, soil water dynamics and groundwater response. Characterization of the layered fractured bedrock underlying the site by rock coring, seismic surveys and interval packer testing showed consistencies between layer depths, fracture frequencies, seismic velocities and hydraulic conductivities. Monthly summaries of rainfall and percolate over two years showed that percolate rates were generally high and closely related to precipitation during the dormant season. During the growing season, however, the relationship became erratic with large variabilities occurring between individual lysimeter measurements. Eight dormant season rainfall events were examined in detail. Smaller events produced similar responses from 1 m deep percolate lysimeters. Approximately 10-15 mm of rain was required to initiate percolate, with the time delay in response dependent on how long it took this depth to accumulate; 5 to 6 mm of the rain was retained in storage, with the remainder becoming percolate. Larger rains, from 30-110 mm, caused correspondingly larger depths of percolate and larger water table responses, but generally similar patterns of site response. Groundwater at the site was typically about 6 m below the land surface during the dormant season. It responded 1-2 hours after the onset of percolate, and reached its maximum elevation anywhere from 4 to 16 hours after that, even though percolate was still occurring. Based on causative depth of recharge and amount of water level rise in wells, the specific yield of the aquifer was found to be of the order of 0.01. This value is characteristic of fracture geometry rather than matrix properties of the bedrock. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Gburek, W J AU - Folmar, G J AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, USDA-AR5, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, wjg1@psu.edu Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 2813 EP - 2831 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. VL - 13 IS - 17 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Geologic Fractures KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Water level KW - Conductance KW - Rainfall KW - Soil/water systems KW - Water table KW - Water Level KW - Soil Water KW - Water Table KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Percolation KW - Lysimeters KW - Bedrock KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Bed KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17465112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=A+ground+water+recharge+field+study%3A+site+characterization+and+initial+results&rft.au=Gburek%2C+W+J%3BFolmar%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1085%2819991215%2913%3A173.3.CO%3B2-Y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Groundwater Recharge; Soil Water; Geologic Fractures; Bedrock; Permeability Coefficient; Rainfall; Percolation; Lysimeters; Water Table; Water Level; Groundwater recharge; Soil/water systems; Bed; Conductance; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Water table; Water level DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2813::AID-HYP901>3.3.CO;2-Y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli strain with a deletion of the chromosomalampC gene marked with Tc super(R), suitable for production of penicillin G acylase AN - 807274297; 13834216 AB - Escherichia coli strain which contains a marker of tetracycline resistance gene (Tc super(R)) placed by P1 transduction beside the chromosomal deletion, ofampC gene (ampC) coding for b-lactamase was constructed. Such introduction of Tc super(R) marker permits a fast and simple selection for the transfer of ampC by P1 transduction into industrialE. coli strains. This approach was used for constructing anE. coli strain suitable for penicillin acylase production. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Vizvaryova, M AU - Stuchlik, S AU - Grones, J AU - Macor, M AU - Tura, J AD - Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia, turna@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 625 EP - 628 PB - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Videnska 1083 Prague 14220 Czech Republic VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Penicillin amidase KW - T-cell receptor KW - Gene deletion KW - penicillin G acylase KW - beta -Lactamase KW - double prime T-cell receptor KW - Chromosome deletion KW - Escherichia coli KW - b-Lactamase KW - Tetracyclines KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807274297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+strain+with+a+deletion+of+the+chromosomalampC+gene+marked+with+Tc+super%28R%29%2C+suitable+for+production+of+penicillin+G+acylase&rft.au=Vizvaryova%2C+M%3BStuchlik%2C+S%3BGrones%2C+J%3BMacor%2C+M%3BTura%2C+J&rft.aulast=Vizvaryova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02825651 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillin amidase; penicillin G acylase; Gene deletion; T-cell receptor; beta -Lactamase; double prime T-cell receptor; Chromosome deletion; b-Lactamase; Tetracyclines; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02825651 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of partial blood engorgement and pretest carbohydrate availability on the repellency of deet to Aedes albopictus. AN - 69429711; 10672540 AB - The pretest availability of 10% sucrose solution and/or partial blood engorgement in Aedes albopictus Skuse significantly influenced mosquito attack rates and the time of repellent protection in laboratory bioassays. In 46 cm L x 38 cm W x 37 cm H cages used in USDA repellent tests, non-blood-fed and partially blood-fed mosquitoes attempted to bite at similar rates. In small cages (5 cm dia. x 4 cm H), holding individual females, mean mosquito attack rates were reduced when females were partially blood fed, compared with those not blood fed. The protection period from bites by Ae. albopictus using 25% ethanolic deet (N,N diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) increased significantly in small and USDA standard cages when females had pretest access to sucrose solution, compared with females starved for 12 h. Partial blood engorgement in mosquitoes affected repellent protection time in USDA standard test cages but not in small cages. JF - Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology AU - Xue, R D AU - Barnard, D R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology USDA, ARS, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 111 EP - 114 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 1081-1710, 1081-1710 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Humans KW - Mosquito Control KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Female KW - Blood KW - Sucrose -- metabolism KW - Aedes -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69429711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+partial+blood+engorgement+and+pretest+carbohydrate+availability+on+the+repellency+of+deet+to+Aedes+albopictus.&rft.au=Xue%2C+R+D%3BBarnard%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.issn=10811710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo total antioxidant capacity: comparison of different analytical methods. AN - 69416125; 10641708 AB - Several methods have been developed to measure the total antioxidant capacity of a biological sample. The use of peroxyl or hydroxyl radicals as pro-oxidants in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay makes it different and unique from the assays that involve oxidants that are not necessarily pro-oxidants. An improvement in quantitation is achieved in the ORAC assay by taking the reaction between substrate and free radicals to completion and using an area-under-curve technique for quantitation compared to the assays that measure a lag phase. The interpretation of the changes in plasma or serum antioxidant capacity becomes complicated by the different methods used in detecting these changes. The interpretation also depends upon the conditions under which the antioxidant capacity is determined because the measurement reflects outcomes in a dynamic system. An increased antioxidant capacity in plasma or serum may not necessarily be a desirable condition if it reflects a response to increased oxidative stress. Similarly, a decrease in plasma or serum antioxidant capacity may not necessarily be an undesirable condition if the measurement reflects decreased production of reactive species. Because of these complications, no single measurement of antioxidant status is going to be sufficient, but a "battery" of measurements, many of which will be described in Forum articles, will be necessary to adequately assess oxidative stress in biological systems. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Prior, R L AU - Cao, G AD - USDA Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. prior@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1173 EP - 1181 VL - 27 IS - 11-12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Oxidants KW - Peroxides KW - perhydroxyl radical KW - 3170-83-0 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69416125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=In+vivo+total+antioxidant+capacity%3A+comparison+of+different+analytical+methods.&rft.au=Prior%2C+R+L%3BCao%2C+G&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the bright-greenish-yellow-fluorescence (BGY-F) compound on cotton lint associated with aflatoxin contamination in cottonseed. AN - 69414540; 10647218 AB - In order to characterize the structure of the bright-greenish-yellow-fluorescence (BGY-F) compound on cotton lint associated with aflatoxin contamination in cotton seed, various in vitro and in vivo natural BGY-F reaction products were prepared. Under similar high pressure liquid chromatography separation with variable wavelength and programmable fluorescence detection (HPLC-UV/FL), combined with atmospheric pressure ionization and mass spectral determinations it was found that the BGY-F reaction products prepared from three preparations: (a) kojic acid (KA) + peroxidase (soybean peroxide or horseradish type VI and type II) + H2O2, or (b) detached fresh cotton locules + KA + H2O2, or (c) attached field cotton locules that were treated with a spore suspension of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus, all resulted in identical chromatographic characteristics, and all exhibited a molecular weight of 282. Further characterization of the BGY-F reaction product with 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed that it was a dehydrogenator dimer of 2 KA, linked through the C-6 positions. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Zeringue, H J AU - Shih, B Y AU - Maskos, K AU - Grimm, D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70179-0687, USA. zeringue@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1391 EP - 1397 VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - BGY-F compound KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Pyrones KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Pyrones -- analysis KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Pyrones -- chemistry KW - Gossypium -- chemistry KW - Gossypium -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69414540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+bright-greenish-yellow-fluorescence+%28BGY-F%29+compound+on+cotton+lint+associated+with+aflatoxin+contamination+in+cottonseed.&rft.au=Zeringue%2C+H+J%3BShih%2C+B+Y%3BMaskos%2C+K%3BGrimm%2C+D&rft.aulast=Zeringue&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effect of dopamine catabolism and uptake inhibition on dopamine-induced calcium dysregulation and viability loss. AN - 69411665; 10641734 AB - The present study was aimed at evaluating of the effects of dopamine (DA) toxicity on PC12 cells' calcium homeostasis, cellular viability, and free radical levels. Moreover, the effect of receptor inhibition, and DA metabolism and reuptake antagonism on all parameters was also evaluated. Acute treatment with DA impaired the ability of PC12 cells to buffer excess calcium after K+-depolarization, decreased cellular viability by approximately 35%, and increased free radical levels by about 10% in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment with both active and inactive pargyl monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOi) protected PC12 cells from DA toxicity on cellular viability and free radical levels, regardless of the presence or absence of their target enzymes in PC12 cells. These results suggest a lack of specific involvement of DA metabolism by MAO in dopamine's effects on cellular viability and production of free radicals. However, DA-induced dysregulation of calcium homeostasis seems to be more specifically mediated by DA metabolism by MAO. Results indicate that, in order for toxicity to occur the DA must be taken up into the cells. DA receptors do not mediate dopamine cytoxicity, and the D2 receptor plays a modest role in DA-induced calcium dysregulation and generation of free radicals. Moreover, DA-induced cell viability loss is not mediated by calcium, nor by caspase-3 enzyme, but is prevented by inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Cantuti-Castelvetri, I AU - Joseph, J A AD - Laboratory of Neuroscience, United States Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. castelvet_ne@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1393 EP - 1404 VL - 27 IS - 11-12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Free Radicals KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - Nomifensine KW - 1LGS5JRP31 KW - Spiperone KW - 4X6E73CJ0Q KW - Pargyline KW - 9MV14S8G3E KW - Monoamine Oxidase KW - EC 1.4.3.4 KW - Casp3 protein, rat KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Spiperone -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- physiology KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Pargyline -- pharmacology KW - Kinetics KW - Nomifensine -- pharmacology KW - Monoamine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - PC12 Cells KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Homeostasis -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69411665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Differential+effect+of+dopamine+catabolism+and+uptake+inhibition+on+dopamine-induced+calcium+dysregulation+and+viability+loss.&rft.au=Cantuti-Castelvetri%2C+I%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cantuti-Castelvetri&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of coumaphos applied as a dip for control of an organophosphorus-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle. AN - 69401597; 10633578 AB - The efficacy of coumaphos, an organophosphorus acaricide, was tested on a strain of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) that was 9.5 times more resistant to the chemical than a susceptible strain. Cattle infested with larval, nymphal, and adult ticks were dipped into a vat charged at concentrations of 0.031, 0.083, 0.160, and 0.279% (AI). Assessment of efficacy was based on surviving tick numbers, female weight, egg mass weight, egg hatchability, and index of reproduction. At 0.031% (AI), the level of control was lower than the other coumaphos treatments, and the weight, fecundity, and fertility of surviving females was similar to untreated females, indicating only minimal adverse effects on the ticks. At 0.160 and 0.279% (AI), no differences in control, female weight, egg mass weight, or percentage egg hatch were observed, but effects were greater than that of untreated ticks or ticks treated at 0.031% (AI). At 0.083% (AI), most biological parameters were intermediate, but there was no difference in control compared with the 2 higher concentrations. Thus, even with the increase in concentration of more than 3 times between treatments of 0.083 and 0.279% (AI), there was no substantial increase in control. The residual efficacy of all 4 treatments showed that none provided complete protection against larval reinfestation for even 1 wk after treatment. Therefore, the presence of organophosphorus-resistant ticks at U.S. ports-of-entry could jeopardize the success of the Boophilus eradication program. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Davey, R B AU - George, J E AD - Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1384 EP - 1391 VL - 92 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Larva KW - Female KW - Nymph KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Coumaphos -- adverse effects KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Coumaphos -- administration & dosage KW - Mites -- growth & development KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69401597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+coumaphos+applied+as+a+dip+for+control+of+an+organophosphorus-resistant+strain+of+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+cattle.&rft.au=Davey%2C+R+B%3BGeorge%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research on the probable cause of an outbreak of field rickets in turkeys. AN - 69389416; 10626644 AB - An outbreak of field rickets in turkeys prompted studies on the cause. In Experiment 1, there were four treatments with two replicate pens of 10 poults per pen. The treatments consisted of poults fed newly manufactured feed (control), poults fed a diet containing control feed and 5% clean litter, poults fed control feed and 5% litter from the pens of affected poults, and poults challenged with an intestinal homogenate by gavage. Field rickets did not develop with these treatments. The feed was suspect, and, in Experiment 2, poults were either fed the suspect feed or newly manufactured feed. There were four replicate pens of 25 poults per pen. Poults fed the suspect feed had a decrease (P < or = 0.05) in BW at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk of age; an increase in the relative weight of the liver, pancreas, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius; and a decrease in bone ash. There were changes in clinical chemistries. In the third study, there were five dietary treatments with two replicate pens of 25 poults per treatment. The treatments consisted of poults fed newly manufactured feed; new feed mixed with 25, 50, or 75% suspect feed; or 100% suspect feed. Body weights of poults fed 100% suspect feed were decreased at 2, 3, and 4 wk as was the relative weight of the liver, pancreas, and bursa of Fabricius. The relative weight of the kidney increased. Lameness, a decrease in bone ash, and changes in hematology and blood chemistry were observed in the poults consuming 100% suspect feed. These data demonstrate that feed from the original outbreak could induce field rickets and was toxic. Because the feed contained adequate vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus, the cause of this outbreak of field rickets is thought to be a toxic feed contaminant affecting bone development. JF - Poultry science AU - Huff, W E AU - Huff, G R AU - Clark, F D AU - Moore, P A AU - Rath, N C AU - Balog, J M AU - Barnes, D M AU - Erf, G F AU - Beers, K W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. huff@comp.uark.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1699 EP - 1702 VL - 78 IS - 12 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Development KW - Body Weight KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Pancreas -- anatomy & histology KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Bursa of Fabricius -- anatomy & histology KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Female KW - Rickets -- veterinary KW - Rickets -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed KW - Turkeys KW - Rickets -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69389416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Research+on+the+probable+cause+of+an+outbreak+of+field+rickets+in+turkeys.&rft.au=Huff%2C+W+E%3BHuff%2C+G+R%3BClark%2C+F+D%3BMoore%2C+P+A%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BBarnes%2C+D+M%3BErf%2C+G+F%3BBeers%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids in Delphinium species by electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and sequential tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 69372606; 10606571 AB - A rapid electrospray mass spectrometry method was developed for screening larkspur (Delphinium spp.) plant material for toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids. The method was calibrated using two standard alkaloids, methyllycaconitine (1) and deltaline (2), with a recovery of 92% from spiked samples and relative standard deviations of 6.0% and 8.1% for the two alkaloids, respectively. Thirty-three samples of plains larkspur, Delphinium geyeri, were analyzed. Methyllycaconitine (1) concentration was 0.27% +/- 0.08% during a 1-month period in 1997 establishing the relative risk of poisoning from the plant to be low. The method was also applied to the trace analysis (<1 ppm) of 1 in serum samples from sheep dosed different levels of the alkaloid. Electrospray ionization combined with sequential tandem mass spectrometry and HPLC coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry were used to detect and tentatively identify three new norditerpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium nuttallianum [bearline (6), 14-acetylbearline (7), 16-deacetylgeyerline (8)]. The tentative structure of the new alkaloids was predicted from the tandem mass spectra fragmentation patterns and assigning the substitution pattern for methoxy and acetyl groups at the C-14 and C-16 carbons. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Gardner, D R AU - Panter, K E AU - Pfister, J A AU - Knight, A P AD - USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. gardnerd@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 5049 EP - 5058 VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Plant Poisoning KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Diterpenes -- analysis KW - Alkaloids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69372606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+toxic+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+in+Delphinium+species+by+electrospray%2C+atmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionization%2C+and+sequential+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+D+R%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BPfister%2C+J+A%3BKnight%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient infrared spectroscopy for detection of toxigenic fungi in corn: potential for on-line evaluation. AN - 69368171; 10606607 AB - An urgent need for rapid sensors to detect contamination of food grains by toxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus prompted research and development of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) as a highly sensitive probe for fungi growing on the surfaces of individual corn kernels. However, the photoacoustic technique has limited potential for screening bulk corn because currently available photoacoustic detectors can accommodate only a single intact kernel at a time. Transient infrared spectroscopy (TIRS), on the other hand, is a promising new technique that can acquire analytically useful infrared spectra from a moving mass of solid materials. Therefore, the potential of TIRS for on-line, noncontact detection of A. flavus contamination in a moving bed of corn kernels was explored. Early test results based on visual inspection of TIRS spectral differences predict an 85% or 95% success rate in distinguishing healthy corn from grain infected with A. flavus. Four unique infrared spectral features which identified infected corn in FTIR-PAS were also found to be diagnostic in TIRS. Although the technology is still in its infancy, the preliminary results indicate that TIRS is a potentially effective screening method for bulk quantities of corn grain. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Gordon, S H AU - Jones, R W AU - McClelland, J F AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Greene, R V AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. gordonsh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 5267 EP - 5272 VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Humans KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Aflatoxins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69368171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Transient+infrared+spectroscopy+for+detection+of+toxigenic+fungi+in+corn%3A+potential+for+on-line+evaluation.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+S+H%3BJones%2C+R+W%3BMcClelland%2C+J+F%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disruption of TRI101, the gene encoding trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase, from Fusarium sporotrichioides. AN - 69329051; 10583973 AB - We screened a Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 cDNA expression library in a toxin-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking a functional PDR5 gene. Fourteen yeast transformants were identified as resistant to the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, and each carried a cDNA encoding the trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase that is the F. sporotrichioides homolog of the Fusarium graminearum TRI101 gene. Mutants of F. sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 produced by disruption of TRI101 were altered in their abilities to synthesize T-2 toxin and accumulated isotrichodermol and small amounts of 3, 15-didecalonectrin and 3-decalonectrin, trichothecenes that are not observed in cultures of the parent strain. Our results indicate that TRI101 converts isotrichodermol to isotrichodermin and is required for the biosynthesis of T-2 toxin. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Alexander, N J AU - Trapp, S E AU - Hohn, T M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. mccormsp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 5252 EP - 5256 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Transformation, Bacterial KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Gene Library KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Cell-Free System KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- growth & development KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69329051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Disruption+of+TRI101%2C+the+gene+encoding+trichothecene+3-O-acetyltransferase%2C+from+Fusarium+sporotrichioides.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BAlexander%2C+N+J%3BTrapp%2C+S+E%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF127176; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jul;30(1):4-9 [1147619] Mol Gen Genet. 1999 Jul;261(6):977-84 [10485289] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3297-305 [2823126] Gene. 1988 Mar 31;63(2):297-308 [2838393] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989;43:207-33 [2679354] Curr Genet. 1989 Dec;16(5-6):339-46 [2692852] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Mar;56(3):702-6 [2317042] Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1425 [1561104] Curr Genet. 1992 May;21(6):431-6 [1319843] Curr Genet. 1993 Jan;23(1):33-41 [8428381] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1923-30 [7646028] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102 [7651333] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):353-9 [8593041] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Oct;63(10):3825-30 [9327545] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Feb;257(4):421-32 [9529523] Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 May;62(5):1033-6 [9648241] Plant J. 1998 Jun;14(6):703-13 [9681034] FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 18;435(2-3):163-8 [9762900] Fungal Genet Biol. 1999 Apr;26(3):224-35 [10361036] Gene. 1986;49(3):283-93 [3552887] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclin B1 transcript quantitation over the maternal to zygotic transition in both in vivo- and in vitro-derived 4-cell porcine embryos. AN - 69293838; 10569990 AB - Using reverse transcription-competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-cPCR), the quantity of cyclin B1 transcript present over the maternal to zygotic transition was determined for both in vivo- and in vitro-derived 4-cell porcine embryos. After poly(A) RNA isolation, RT-cPCR was performed on single embryos using an introduced, truncated cyclin B1 DNA competitor. Visualization of embryonic cyclin B1 cDNA and competitor for each reaction allowed a ratio to be formed for use in transcript quantity calculations when compared to cPCR standards. Analysis of in vivo- and in vitro-derived control embryos revealed a decline in cyclin B1 transcripts from 5 to 33 h post-4-cell cleavage (P4CC). The quantity of cyclin B1 for the in vivo-derived embryos at 5 and 33 h P4CC was 11.26 and 4.54 attomol/embryo, respectively (P < 0.03), while the in vitro-derived embryos had 20.18 and 7.52 attomol/embryo, respectively (P < 0.03). Treatment with alpha-amanitin from 5, 10, 18, or 25 h P4CC to 33 h P4CC resulted in cyclin B1 quantities that did not differ from those in the 33-h control embryos, irrespective of time spent in the inhibitor. These findings suggest that maternal cyclin B1 transcript degradation occurred over the 4-cell stage with no detectable embryonic cyclin B1 transcripts produced. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Anderson, J E AU - Matteri, R L AU - Abeydeera, L R AU - Day, B N AU - Prather, R S AD - Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1460 EP - 1467 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Amanitins KW - 0 KW - Cyclin B KW - Cyclin B1 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Index Medicus KW - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Amanitins -- pharmacology KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Spermatozoa -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Pregnancy KW - Cyclin B -- genetics KW - Zygote -- chemistry KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Swine -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69293838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Laboratory+determination+of+water+and+pesticide+partitioning&rft.au=Truman%2C+C+C%3BSteinberger%2C+P%3BLeonard%2C+R+A%3BKlik%2C+A&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the roughness properties of artificial soil clods AN - 51942920; 2003-068827 JF - Soil Science AU - Dong, Zhibao AU - Fryrear, Donald W AU - Gao, Shangyu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 930 EP - 935 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 164 IS - 12 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - processes KW - models KW - physical properties KW - experimental studies KW - erosion KW - roughness KW - wind erosion KW - properties KW - equations KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51942920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+roughness+properties+of+artificial+soil+clods&rft.au=Dong%2C+Zhibao%3BFryrear%2C+Donald+W%3BGao%2C+Shangyu&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Zhibao&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; erosion; experimental studies; models; physical properties; processes; properties; roughness; soils; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field comparison of three pressure-difference bedload samplers AN - 51187815; 2001-008410 AB - The movement of bedload over a cross-section is often sampled using a "pressure-difference bedload sampler", such as the Helley-Smith. Whereas several types are in use, no one device has gained universal acceptance as the standard for use in all types of streams. Moreover, evidence suggests that similar devices may collect substantially different amounts of bedload because of only slight modifications in design. In this study, sample weights collected by three types of pressure-difference samplers are compared to determine whether differences are statistically significant or whether sampler performance is so irregular and overlapping that one might regard them as being the same. The results confirm that the weights of samples collected by the devices are significantly different. Generally, the US BLH 84 collected less material, the Sheetmetal Helley-Smith collected more material, and the Original Helley-Smith was intermediate; these tendencies were consistent at two sites where bedload was measured. The implication of these results is that measured transport rates will vary depending on the sampler used and, therefore, they are not directly comparable without some mode of calibration. To place this finding in a larger context, sediment rating curves, determined from weights of samples and measurements of flow, were integrated over available flow records and used to estimate annual yield. Three estimates of annual yield, one for each device, were then compared with measures of annual accumulation from a weir pond below one of the collection sites. The results indicate that despite differences between the devices, data obtained with pressure-difference samplers estimated annual accumulations of sediment reasonably well. Predicted accumulations were within 40-50% of the measured yield for two samplers whereas the third sampler predicted within 80%. JF - Geomorphology AU - Ryan, S E AU - Porth, L S Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 307 EP - 322 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - United States KW - pressure difference bedload sampler KW - bedload KW - hydraulics KW - ANCOVA covariance analysis KW - sediment transport KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - sedimentation KW - Saint Louis Creek KW - calibration KW - samplers KW - measurement KW - sampling KW - Grand County Colorado KW - sediments KW - streams KW - Colorado KW - instruments KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51187815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=A+field+comparison+of+three+pressure-difference+bedload+samplers&rft.au=Ryan%2C+S+E%3BPorth%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0169555X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ANCOVA covariance analysis; bedload; calibration; Colorado; grain size; Grand County Colorado; hydraulics; instruments; measurement; pressure difference bedload sampler; Saint Louis Creek; samplers; sampling; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; statistical analysis; streams; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of humic substances isolated from clay- and silt-sized fractions of a corn residue-amended agricultural soil AN - 50296343; 2003-068824 JF - Soil Science AU - Clapp, C E AU - Hayes, M H B Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 899 EP - 913 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 164 IS - 12 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - clay KW - isotopes KW - clastic sediments KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - agriculture KW - silt KW - humic acids KW - stable isotopes KW - NMR spectra KW - nitrogen KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - humic substances KW - carbon KW - amino acids KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - Mollisols KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50296343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+humic+substances+isolated+from+clay-+and+silt-sized+fractions+of+a+corn+residue-amended+agricultural+soil&rft.au=Clapp%2C+C+E%3BHayes%2C+M+H+B&rft.aulast=Clapp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; amino acids; C-13/C-12; carbon; clastic sediments; clay; geochemistry; humic acids; humic substances; isotope ratios; isotopes; Mollisols; nitrogen; NMR spectra; organic acids; organic compounds; pH; sediments; silt; soils; spectra; stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of insect cell lines: Virus susceptibility and applicability to prawn cell culture AN - 18393537; 5386062 AB - Insect cells have been successfully cultured in vitro as continuous cell lines for over 35 years. The media, culture methodology and conditions have been well resolved such that, for many insects, new cells lines can be routinely developed. Factors that are considered important for developing insect cell cultures are described as well as some of the history that led to the success. One of the major rationales for developing insect cell lines was for the study of insect viruses. This was particularly true for species of Lepidoptera from which over 900 viruses have been reported. Since many species of Lepidoptera are serious agricultural and forestry pests, effects have been made to utilize some of these pathogens as biological pesticides. Cell cultures are important in this endeavor since viruses require a living cell to reproduce. Of the known insect viruses, the most intensely studied have been the baculoviruses. In addition to their potential for controlling insect pests, they also have been used as expression vectors for producing recombinant proteins. Details of some of these experiments are described. Finally, experiences with insect cells are considered in relation to efforts to develop prawn cell cultures. JF - Methods in Cell Science AU - Lynn, DE AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, BARC-West, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA, dlynn@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 173 EP - 181 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 1381-5741, 1381-5741 KW - Butterflies KW - Moths KW - Prawns KW - cell lines KW - insect cells KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - Q3 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - Q1 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18393537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.atitle=Development+of+insect+cell+lines%3A+Virus+susceptibility+and+applicability+to+prawn+cell+culture&rft.au=Lynn%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.issn=13815741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Dehairing Operations on Microbiological Quality of Swine Carcasses AN - 17666819; 4684037 AB - To develop a hazard analysis and critical control point plan for food processing operations, critical control points must be determined. Swine slaughtering and dressing operations were investigated to establish their critical control points. We monitored the microbiology of swine carcasses by surface swabbing carcass bellies at various steps during the process and by quantitating total aerobic plate count (APC) and coliforms. Starting with a dehaired carcass, the sequential steps monitored included presingeing, postsingeing, polishing, and chilling. Initial results indicate that singeing and chilling substantially reduced the levels of APC and coliforms, whereas polishing increased their levels. The hygienic characteristics of individual operations involved in dressing swine carcasses were then evaluated in the second experiment. A set of 40 randomly selected carcasses leaving singeer, polisher, shaver, and washer were sampled. Carcasses were heavily contaminated during the final polishing procedure, and the APC increased threefold compared with prepolishing levels. Washing reduced the bacterial numbers by 69%. To reduce the microbial load on swine carcasses, final polishing and manual shaving steps were not used during the dressing operation on a set of 90 carcasses. APCs on singed carcasses were reduced from 1.34 to -0.15 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) when the final polisher and manual shavers were not used. However, carcasses were subsequently recontaminated with bacteria after evisceration, and the APCs were similar (P > 0.05) regardless of whether the final polishing and manual shaving steps were used, averaging 1.30 and 1.46 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). These results indicated that individual operations can be identified as critical control points, appropriate limits can be set and monitored in a hazard analysis and critical control point system, and steps where further changes to reduce bacterial levels may be needed for swine slaughtering plants. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Yu, Shew-Ling AU - Bolton, D AU - Laubach, C AU - Kline, P AU - Oser, A AU - Palumbo, SA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lyu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1478 EP - 1481 VL - 62 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - abattoirs KW - aerobic plate count KW - carcasses KW - polishing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Coliforms KW - Abattoirs KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Carcasses KW - Hygiene KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17666819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Structural+and+functional+properties+of+the+hsp16.4-bearing+plasmid+pER341+in+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microbial contamination; Food contamination; Coliforms; Hygiene; Carcasses; Abattoirs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating WEPP-predicted infiltration, runoff, and soil erosion for furrow irrigation AN - 17595819; 4719156 AB - The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model contains a furrow irrigation component to simulate hydrology and erosion in irrigation furrows. It currently is the only multiple-event furrow erosion simulation model available for public use. However, the furrow irrigation component has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, we evaluated the WEPP model for furrow irrigation by comparing predicted infiltration, runoff, and soil loss with field measurements from three southern Idaho studies on Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Baseline effective hydraulic conductivity, rill erodibility, and critical shear were calibrated using data measured from the upper quarter of two fields. Calibrated effective hydraulic conductivity was within the range of WEPP-defined values for Portneuf soil. Calibrated rill erodibilty of 0.0003 s m super(-1) was almost two orders of magnitude less than the WEPP-defined value of 0.02 s m super(-1), while calibrated critical shear of 1.2 Pa was about one-third of the WEPP-defined value of 3.5 Pa. Predicted infiltration correlated poorly with measured infiltration for most fields. Regression coefficients for predicted versus measured infiltration ranged from -0.07 to 0.35, indicating that predicted infiltration did not vary with measured infiltration. Predicted soil loss correlated well (R super(2) = 0.57) with measured soil loss from the upper end of the two fields used to calibrate erodibility parameters. At the field ends however, runoff was underpredicted and soil loss was overpredicted. When runoff was predicted reasonably well for an irrigation, cumulated predicted soil erosion across a field did not match cumulated measured erosion at field quarter segments because transport capacity was overpredicted. Deposition was not predicted unless runoff was greatly under-predicted. The WEPP model cannot be recommended for use with furrow irrigation until erodibility parameters and sediment transport are better defined for irrigation furrows. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bjorneberg, D L AU - Trout, T J AU - Sojka, R E AU - Aase, J K AD - USDA-ARS, 3793 N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, bdavid@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1733 EP - 1741 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Rill Erosion KW - Conductance KW - Soil erosion KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Permeability KW - Erosion KW - Furrow Irrigation KW - Infiltration KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - Hydrology KW - Modelling (Hydrological) KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17595819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evaluating+WEPP-predicted+infiltration%2C+runoff%2C+and+soil+erosion+for+furrow+irrigation&rft.au=Bjorneberg%2C+D+L%3BTrout%2C+T+J%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BAase%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bjorneberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Furrow Irrigation; Erosion; Permeability Coefficient; Hydrology; Infiltration; Rill Erosion; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Modelling (Hydrological); Conductance; Permeability; Runoff; Soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian ecosystem management model (REMM): 2. Testing of the water quality and nutrient cycling component for a coastal plain riparian system AN - 17595798; 4719152 AB - The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) was used to simulate nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) cycling and transport in a Coastal Plain riparian buffer system near Tifton, Georgia. The riparian buffer consisted of zone 3 (grass next to a row crop field); zone 2 (mature pine forest downslope from zone 3); and zone 1 (hardwood forest downslope from zone 2, adjacent to a stream). Uncalibrated simulation results for a five-year period were compared to measured values for the same time period at the research site. In general, simulated water table nutrient concentrations were within one standard deviation of observed values on an annual basis. Surface runoff loads exiting zone 3 for most N and P forms were simulated within one standard deviation of the observed. In contrast zone 2, surface runoff loads for inorganic N species were an order of magnitude lower than observed. Although some of the surface runoff differences (observed vs. simulated) were large in relative terms, the overall trends within the riparian buffer were generally well-represented and differences were not large in absolute terms. Simulated values for one of the most important processes responsible for effectiveness of riparian zones - denitrification, were within the range of those observed. Much of the temporal dynamics of the observed data were also captured in the REMM simulations. Certain constraints of the model use are discussed, but REMM appears to be useful for representing many of the specific processes and general trends in riparian ecosystem buffers. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Inamdar, S P AU - Lowrance, R R AU - Altier, L S AU - Williams, R G AU - Hubbard, R K AD - USDA-ARS-SEWRL, PO Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, lorenz@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1691 EP - 1707 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - coastal plains KW - buffers KW - USA, Georgia KW - water table KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coastal Plains KW - Surface Runoff KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Model Testing KW - Water quality KW - Water Table KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Riparian Land KW - Riparian environments KW - Groundwater KW - Runoff KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17595798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Riparian+ecosystem+management+model+%28REMM%29%3A+2.+Testing+of+the+water+quality+and+nutrient+cycling+component+for+a+coastal+plain+riparian+system&rft.au=Inamdar%2C+S+P%3BLowrance%2C+R+R%3BAltier%2C+L+S%3BWilliams%2C+R+G%3BHubbard%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Inamdar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Model Testing; Riparian Land; Cycling Nutrients; Surface Runoff; Water Table; Groundwater; Coastal Plains; Water quality; Nutrient cycles; Riparian environments; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate Leaching from Grassed Lysimeters Treated with Ammonium Nitrate or Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer AN - 17594920; 4691493 AB - Nitrate leaching is a potential in humid regions when crops and forages are fertilized. This study was conducted to compare NO sub(3) leaching with two different N fertilizer formulations applied to forages. For 11 yr, ammonium nitrate (AN) was applied to a large (8.1 m super(2) surface area), undisturbed, monolithic lysimeter Y101B at an annual rate of 168 kg N ha super(-1), and methylene urea (MU), a slow-release fertilizer, was applied to a similar lysimeter (Y101D) at the same rate. Nitrate-N concentrations in the percolate from these 2.4 m-deep lysimeters were measured weekly. Even though NO sub(3)-N levels increased steadily with the AN applications, the greatest increases occurred during the eighth year of treatment and reached levels above 20 mg L super(-1). With the MU, NO sub(3)-N concentrations remained relatively constant until after 8 yr of treatment, reaching concentrations of 6 mg L super(-1). The highest rates of annual NO sub(3)-N transport in percolate were 42.3 and 12.1 kg ha super(-1) from lysimeters treated with AN and MU, respectively. (Losses from NH sub(3) volatilization were measured at 12.0 and 44.8 kg N ha super(-1) for AN and MU, respectively.) Nitrate-N transport in percolate varied seasonally with the greatest amounts being moved during the late winter-early spring. Following 11 yr, the NO sub(3)-N concentrations in each lysimeter declined to approximately 1 mg L super(-1). Based on this study with a 168 kg N ha super(-1) annual application rate, less NO sub(3)-N leaching will occur when a slow-release N fertilizer, such as MU, is applied to forages than when AN is applied. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, WM AU - Van Keuren, RW AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, lowens@coshocton.com Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1810 EP - 1816 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Nitrate KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Ureas KW - Urea KW - Crops KW - Application Rates KW - Forages KW - Comparative studies KW - Fertilizers KW - Lysimeters KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Ammonium Salts KW - Comparison Studies KW - Seasons KW - Animal foodstuffs KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17594920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Ascochyta+Blight+of+Cicer+montbretti%2C+a+Wild+Perennial+Chickpea+in+Bulgaria&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BHannan%2C+R+M%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J%3BMihov%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrates; Leaching; Application Rates; Fertilizers; Lysimeters; Ammonium Salts; Forages; Ureas; Comparison Studies; Fate of Pollutants; Seasonal Variations; Nitrate; Ammonium compounds; Animal foodstuffs; Urea; Comparative studies; Seasons; Crops; Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient Leaching from Corn Residues under Simulated Rainfall AN - 17593508; 4691496 AB - Crop residues left on the soil surface after harvest are effective in reducing erosion; however, when subjected to rainfall-leaching, the residues are a significant source of soluble nutrients to agricultural runoff. Nutrient leaching from crop residues as a function of rainfall intensity, and residue loading rate, was studied in a series of laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. Using a multiple-intensity rainfall simulator corn (Zea mays L.) stover placed on a nylon screen at an equivalent field loading rate of 10 t ha super(-1), was subjected to simulated rainfall at intensities of 6, 12, 25, 51, and 99 mm h super(-1). In another series of experiments, simulated rainfall was applied at 25 mm h super(-1) to four stover loading rates of 5, 7, 10, and 15 t ha super(-1). In both experiments, leachate was sampled as a function of time and analyzed for PO sub(4)-P, NH sub(4)-N, NO sub(3)-N, and total organic carbon (TOC). Nutrient concentrations and losses were generally greater at the lower rainfall intensities and higher stover loading rates. In each study, nutrient concentrations decreased hyperbolically with either time or cumulative leachate volume. For all loading rates and rainfall intensities, nutrient amounts (kg ha super(-1)) leached from the stover followed the order C >> N = P; however, the amounts of N as (NH sub(4)-N + NO sub(3)-N) or C leached were less than or equal to 1.5% of total nutrient in residue compared with 2.8 to 6.0% of total nutrient in residue for P. Stover exposed to field conditions over time showed leaching kinetics similar to freshly collected residues. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Schreiber, J D AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Lab., Oxford, MS 38655, USA, schreibe@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1864 EP - 1870 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Zea mays KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Rainfall KW - Organic carbon KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Nutrients KW - Field Tests KW - Crops KW - Corn KW - Field studies KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Experimental Data KW - Leaching KW - Residues KW - Organic Carbon KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Kinetics KW - Load Distribution KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Nutrient+Leaching+from+Corn+Residues+under+Simulated+Rainfall&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corn; Simulated Rainfall; Kinetics; Experimental Data; Load Distribution; Rainfall Intensity; Nutrients; Leaching; Agricultural Runoff; Organic Carbon; Field Tests; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Precipitation (Atmospheric); Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Organic carbon; Field studies; Nutrient concentrations; Crops; Residues; Rainfall; Agricultural runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storage and Handling Can Alter the Mineralization Characteristics of Manure AN - 17591949; 4691508 AB - In vitro incubations of manure-amended soil are frequently used to evaluate manure N and C availability. Manures are typically frozen, refrigerated, or dried prior to analysis. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of these manure storage methods on C and N mineralization characteristics. Two dairy slurries were collected and seven treatments, fresh, frozen (4 or 5 wk), refrigerated (1 d, 1 wk, 4 wk), freeze-dried or oven-dried, were compared. Rates and extents of N and C mineralization were determined by aerobic incubation of slurry-amended soil at 25 degree C. Slurry was added at a rate equivalent to 265 kg N ha super(-1) incorporated into the upper 15 cm of soil. The appearance of NH sub(4) super(+) and NO sub(3) super(-) and the production of CO sub(2) were monitored during 16 wk. Refrigeration or freezing had no effect on slurry N content; however, freeze drying and oven drying resulted in N losses of 30% or more. CO sub(2)-C production followed first-order kinetics during 9 wk for all treatments with approximately 18 to 26% of the slurry C mineralized. Net mineralization of organic N was minimal in all treatments and was not affected by freezing or refrigerating the slurries. With oven-dried and freeze-dried slurries, however, there was a greater immobilization of N when compared with fresh manure. Results indicate that oven drying and freeze drying are unsuitable methods of storage, but the mineralization characteristics of manure are not affected by refrigeration or freezing. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Reeves, JB III AU - Meisinger, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Nutrient Conserv. and Metabolism Lab., Bldg. 200, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, jkessel@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1984 EP - 1990 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Nutrients KW - Mineralization KW - Land application KW - Storage KW - Dairies KW - Carbon KW - Slurries KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Storage+and+Handling+Can+Alter+the+Mineralization+Characteristics+of+Manure&rft.au=Van+Kessel%2C+JS%3BReeves%2C+JB+III%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Van+Kessel&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1984&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Storage; Carbon; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Slurries; Animal wastes; Dairies; Land application; Nutrients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How woody residuals are recycled in the United States AN - 17541971; 4729420 AB - More than 160 million tons of "waste wood" were generated last year. This report from the Forest Products Laboratory analyzes recovery data and methods. JF - Biocycle AU - McKeever, D B AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 33 EP - 42 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0276-5055, 0276-5055 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Wood wastes KW - Recycling KW - Waste management KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17541971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocycle&rft.atitle=How+woody+residuals+are+recycled+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McKeever%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=McKeever&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocycle&rft.issn=02765055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Waste management; Wood wastes; Recycling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall characteristics and spatial correlation for the Georgia coastal plain AN - 17532701; 4719147 AB - The Georgia Coastal Plain of the United States holds significant agricultural and hydrologic importance. The profitability and sustainability of agriculture in this and other regions are dependent upon climatic patterns and, in particular, rainfall. The temporal and spatial variability of this rainfall play key roles in agricultural management. Developing an understanding of seasonal patterns and individual storm characteristics is critical. Thirty years of rainfall data collected from a dense rain gage network on the 334 km super(2) Little River Watershed near Tifton, Georgia, were analyzed for this purpose. Storm patterns were characterized by season to establish means and trends. Individual storm characteristics and spatial correlation patterns within storms were quantified. Rainfall patterns, although highly variable from year to year, show rainfall to be greatest in the midsummer months with high intensity, convective thunderstorms. While these summer storms yield relatively low rainfall depths, they occur more frequently than during other seasons. Frontal storms with moderate rainfall amounts are typical of the winter and spring months. The fall months generally have low rainfall totals and storms during this time occur less frequently than during the other months. For larger storm events, defined here as those where at least one rain gage in the network measured 25.4 mm or greater during the event, the mean storm depth weighted over the mean storm coverage of 295 km super(2) was 20.6 mm, while the mean storm duration was 7.2 h. For these larger events, the summer storms are separated by the least time between events (mean of 116 h) while the fall events are separated by the greatest time (mean of 291 h). For summer events, rain gage depths for individual storm events collected by gages separated by 1.9 km or less are likely to be highly correlated (r greater than or equal to 0.9). This distance increases to 9.2 km for the winter. High correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.9) are expected up to distances of 5 km throughout most of the year, except summer. This analysis establishes the basis for detailed modeling across this and other watersheds in the region. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AU - Sheridan, J M AU - Davis, F M AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, PO Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, dbosch@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1637 EP - 1644 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Georgia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Coastal Plains KW - Rain Gages KW - Rainfall KW - Climates KW - Networks KW - Watersheds KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17532701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Rainfall+characteristics+and+spatial+correlation+for+the+Georgia+coastal+plain&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BSheridan%2C+J+M%3BDavis%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Watersheds; Rainfall; Coastal Plains; Agriculture; Climates; Rain Gages; Networks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions and sensitivity analyses for sediment transport in WEPS AN - 17531047; 4719154 AB - The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) is a process-based, daily time-step model that simulates weather and field conditions. When wind speed exceeds the threshold, the EROSION submodel of WEPS simulates soil loss and deposition on a sub-hourly basis. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assemble the erosion process equations in a manner that allows analytic solutions; (2) develop analytic solutions for a uniform surface; and (3) evaluate the response to parameters in these solutions using linear sensitivity tests. Based on the principle of conservation of mass, an analytic solution was developed for a quasi-steady state equation of the saltation/creep discharge. This equation simulates two sources (entrainment of loose material and entrainment of material abraded from clods and crust) and three sinks (breakage of saltation/creep to suspension-size, trapping of saltation/creep, and interception by plant stalks). An analytic solution also was developed for the horizontal discharge of the suspension component. This equation simulates three sources (entrainment of loose material, entrainment of material abraded from clods and crust, and breakage of saltation/creep to suspension-size). Sensitivity tests of the simulation equations showed that soil loss by wind erosion was most sensitive to wind speed and surface-soil moisture content. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hagen, L J AU - Wagner, LE AU - Skidmore, EL AD - USDA-ARS, KSU, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, hagen@weru.ksu.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1715 EP - 1721 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Sediment Transport KW - Erosion KW - Estimating Equations KW - Soil Water KW - Wind KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17531047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+and+sensitivity+analyses+for+sediment+transport+in+WEPS&rft.au=Hagen%2C+L+J%3BWagner%2C+LE%3BSkidmore%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment Transport; Erosion; Wind; Soil Water; Estimating Equations; Sensitivity Analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crop production systems to control erosion and reduce runoff from upland silty soils AN - 17529336; 4719148 AB - Soil erosion remains the most significant threat to long-term agricultural sustainability. In order to determine if highly erodible silty upland soils could be row-cropped while conforming to the conservation provisions of the Food Security Act, we measured natural-rainfall runoff and soil loss for six years from eight alternative cropping systems on sixteen 4% slope plots and three small watersheds in north Mississippi. Several conservation cropping systems slightly reduced runoff and greatly decreased erosion on these soils. On erosion plots, no-till for soybean, corn, or sorghum reduced soil loss by more than 80% and no-till for cotton by more than 70% as compared to conventionally tilled soybean. Ridge-till was more than twice as erodible as no-till, while no-till soybean double-cropped with wheat was least erodible of the eight systems studied. On small watersheds, annual sediment yield ranged up to about 30 t/ha for conventional tillage soybean with buffer strips and grassed waterways but, after the first year, never exceeded 1 t/ha for no-till soybean. However, no-tillage alone was not adequate to control concentrated-flow headcuts. Most conservation systems decreased runoff by at least 10%. No-till sorghum or corn with a vetch cover crop generally decreased runoff most, and double-cropped soybean-wheat had less than 75% of the runoff of conventional soybean. Greatest reductions occurred during years of higher runoff amounts. Runoff per unit of area from the watersheds was much greater than from comparable erosion plots, indicating that extrapolation of plot data to field areas merits careful consideration of their relative soil and topographic characteristics. This research demonstrated that several no-tillage cropping systems can keep erosion below tolerable limits, reduce runoff somewhat, and be economically profitable. When combined with complementary conservation practices such as waterways and grass hedges, they provide methods for achieving both effective conservation and sustainable production when intensively cropping erodible upland soils of the southern United States. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Meyer, L D AU - Dabney, S M AU - Murphree, CE AU - Harmon, W C AU - Grissinger, E H AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, dabney@gis.sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1645 EP - 1652 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Cotton KW - Rainfall KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Sustainable development KW - Soil erosion KW - Watersheds KW - Crops KW - Erosion Control KW - Corn KW - Sorghum KW - Soybeans KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Wheat KW - Soil Erosion KW - Runoff KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17529336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seed+Transmission+of+Pantoea+stewartii+in+Field+and+Sweet+Corn&rft.au=Block%2C+C+C%3BHill%2C+J+H%3BMcGee%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion Control; Agricultural Practices; Agricultural Watersheds; Rainfall; Soil Erosion; Tillage; Corn; Cotton; Soybeans; Sorghum; Wheat; Soil erosion; Agriculture; Crops; Runoff; Watersheds; Conservation; Sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian ecosystem management model (REMM): 1. Testing of the hydrologic component for a coastal plain riparian system AN - 17528296; 4719151 AB - The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) was used to simulate shallow groundwater movement, water table depths, surface runoff, and annual hydrologic budgets for a Coastal Plain riparian buffer system near Tifton, Georgia, USA. The riparian buffer consisted of zone 3 (grass downslope from a row-crop field); zone 2 (mature pine forest downslope from zone 3); and zone 1 (mature hardwood forest downslope from zone 2, adjacent to stream). Measured surface runoff and shallow groundwater movement from the adjacent agricultural field were used as the hydrologic input to REMM. Uncalibrated simulation results for a five-year period were compared to measured values for the same time period. The overall error in zone 2 and zone 1 mean water table depths was about 0.07 m, although absolute errors were higher. The water table dynamics simulated by REMM were similar to observed although lags were observed in the response of the simulated water table to large rainfall events. Mixed results were obtained from observed versus simulated surface runoff comparisons, primarily due to large variability in observed runoff depths along the riparian transect. Simulated surface runoff depths for zone 3 were within one standard deviation for four out of the five years. For zone 2, surface runoff depths could only be simulated within one standard deviation for two out of the five years. Simulated seasonal total depths of surface runoff did not always agree with observed values but usually followed both similar temporal and spatial patterns. Annual hydrologic budgets produced total streamflow comparable to those estimated for the riparian buffer site. These results provide an adequate basis for subsequent testing of other REMM model components including water quality and nutrient cycling. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Inamdar, S P AU - Sheridan, J M AU - Williams, R G AU - Bosch, D D AU - Lowrance, R R AU - Altier, L S AU - Thomas, D L AD - USDA-ARS-SEWRL, P.O. Box 946, 2379 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, lorenz@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1679 EP - 1689 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coastal Plains KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Riparian Land KW - Water Quality KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Model Testing KW - Water Table KW - Runoff KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17528296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Riparian+ecosystem+management+model+%28REMM%29%3A+1.+Testing+of+the+hydrologic+component+for+a+coastal+plain+riparian+system&rft.au=Inamdar%2C+S+P%3BSheridan%2C+J+M%3BWilliams%2C+R+G%3BBosch%2C+D+D%3BLowrance%2C+R+R%3BAltier%2C+L+S%3BThomas%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Inamdar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Model Testing; Water Quality; Cycling Nutrients; Hydrologic Budget; Water Table; Riparian Land; Runoff; Coastal Plains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Telemetric Study of the Movement Patterns and Habitat Use of Rana muscosa, the Mountain Yellow-legged Frog, in a High-elevation Basin in Kings Canyon National Park, California AN - 17500892; 4692295 AB - In a high-elevation (3470 m) lake basin (upper Dusy Basin) in Kings Canyon National Park, California, we used radio transmitters on 24 mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) to gather basic information on their movement patterns. Rana muscosa have declined throughout their range in the Sierra Nevada and restoration plans require information on their movement ecology. Our study indicates that R. muscosa had different movement patterns and habitat associations during the 1997 summer period (August and September) compared to October when winter dormancy began. In August, visual surveys found frogs in 10 of the 11 lakes in upper Dusy Basin. During August most tagged frogs moved little (mean movement 77 m over five day periods) and all were found in the lake or adjacent stream where they were originally tagged. During September, movement increased compared to August. Frogs moved from the original capture lake mean distances of 145 m, and moved cumulative distances of 315-466 m. By October, frogs were again sedentary (mean distance moved 43 m), and frogs were found in three of the 11 lakes in the basin. Moreover, mean home ranges (adaptive kernel 90% contours) also were different throughout the summer and were highest for frogs tracked during September (5336.2 m super(2)) compared to August (385 m super(2)), and October (52.8 m super(2)). Before this study it was assumed that R. muscosa over-wintered in the deepest portion of the lake. However, most lakes were frozen when our study ended, and tagged frogs were found nearshore under ledges and in deep underwater crevices suggesting that at least some R. muscosa over-winter in these nearshore areas. In this study, we found R. muscosa in different aquatic habitats over the course of their activity period and that they readily moved between these habitats using both aquatic and overland pathways. The movements appear to be associated with seasonal migrations between summer and over-wintering sites. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Matthews, K R AU - Pope, K L AD - USDA Pacific Southwest Research Station, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701, USA, kmatthews/psw@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 615 EP - 624 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Mountain yellow-legged frog KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Local movements KW - Movements KW - Habitat utilization KW - Freshwater KW - Activity patterns KW - Habitat KW - USA, California, Kings Canyon Natl. Park KW - Migration KW - Biotelemetry KW - Rana muscosa KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - Y 25654:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17500892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=A+Telemetric+Study+of+the+Movement+Patterns+and+Habitat+Use+of+Rana+muscosa%2C+the+Mountain+Yellow-legged+Frog%2C+in+a+High-elevation+Basin+in+Kings+Canyon+National+Park%2C+California&rft.au=Matthews%2C+K+R%3BPope%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Local movements; Habitat; Activity patterns; Biotelemetry; Movements; Habitat utilization; Migration; Rana muscosa; USA, California, Kings Canyon Natl. Park; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phomopsis amygdali causes peach shoot blight of cultivated peach trees in the southeastern United States AN - 17497309; 4692317 AB - Phomopsis shoot blight of peach is an increasingly common fungal disease in southeastern peach growing areas of the United States. A similar disease has been reported from Europe where it occurs on both peach and almond. Strains of Phomopsis were obtained from peach, asian pear and plum in the United States and from almond in Spain and Italy. Examination of the morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics of these strains showed that the Phomopsis amygdali on almond in Europe is the same as the fungus found on peach in the USA. The species of Phomopsis on plum and asian pear in the United States is different from P. amygdali. JF - Mycologia AU - Farr, D F AU - Castlebury, LA AU - Pardo-Schultheiss, R A AD - Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA, davef@nt.ars-grin.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1008 EP - 1015 VL - 91 IS - 6 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Phomopsis amygdali KW - Trees KW - Fruit trees KW - Shoot blight KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17497309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Phomopsis+amygdali+causes+peach+shoot+blight+of+cultivated+peach+trees+in+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Farr%2C+D+F%3BCastlebury%2C+LA%3BPardo-Schultheiss%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phomopsis amygdali; Fruit trees; Trees; Shoot blight; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response Surface Models for Effects of Temperature and Previous Growth Sodium Chloride on Growth Kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium on Cooked Chicken Breast AN - 17489587; 4684035 AB - Response surface models were developed and validated for effects of temperature (10 to 40 degree C) and previous growth NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%) on lag time ( lambda ) and specific growth rate ( mu ) of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast. Growth curves for model development (n = 55) and model validation (n = 16) were fit to a two-phase linear growth model to obtain lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast. Response surface models for natural logarithm transformations of lambda and mu as a function of temperature and previous growth NaCl were obtained by regression analysis. Both lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium were affected (P < 0.0001) by temperature but not by previous growth NaCl. Models were validated against data not used in their development. Mean absolute relative error of predictions (model accuracy) was 26.6% for lambda and 15.4% for mu . Median relative error of predictions (model bias) was 0.9% for lambda and 5.2% for mu . Results indicated that the models developed provided reliable predictions of lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast within the matrix of conditions modeled. In addition, results indicated that previous growth NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%) was not a major factor affecting subsequent growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast. Thus, inclusion of previous growth NaCl in predictive models may not significantly improve our ability to predict growth of Salmonella spp. on food subjected to temperature abuse. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Oscar, T P AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 1124 Trigg Hall, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA, toscar@mail.umes.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1470 EP - 1474 VL - 62 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - growth rate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Temperature effects KW - Poultry KW - Salinity effects KW - Cooking KW - Food contamination KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17489587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Response+Surface+Models+for+Effects+of+Temperature+and+Previous+Growth+Sodium+Chloride+on+Growth+Kinetics+of+Salmonella+Typhimurium+on+Cooked+Chicken+Breast&rft.au=Oscar%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Temperature effects; Salinity effects; Poultry; Meat; Cooking; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control of Postharvest Decays of Apple Can Prevent Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Wounds AN - 17488495; 4684021 AB - Fresh cells of the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae at 2.4 x 10 super(8) CFU/ml inoculated into wounds of 'Golden Delicious' apple prevented Escherichia coli O157:H7 (concentrations ranging from 2.4 x 10 super(5) to 2.4 x 10 super(7) CFU/ml) from growing in the wounds. This occurred when the two microorganisms were co-inoculated or inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 was conducted 1 or 2 days after inoculation with the antagonist. In similar tests, application of the commercial formulation of this antagonist prevented the growth of E. coli O157:H7 in wounds when inoculated 1 or 2 days after application of the antagonist. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 in wounds treated with water (control) before inoculation with this pathogen increased approximately 2 log units during the first 48 h after inoculation. These results indicate that biocontrol agents developed for controlling storage decays of fruits may have the additional benefit of preventing the growth of foodborne pathogens in freshly wounded tissue of intact and fresh-cut fruits. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Conway, W S AU - Leverentz, B AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1372 EP - 1375 VL - 62 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Storage KW - Biological control KW - Fruits KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Escherichia coli KW - Malus KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+of+Postharvest+Decays+of+Apple+Can+Prevent+Growth+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Apple+Wounds&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BLeverentz%2C+B&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus; Escherichia coli; Post-harvest decay; Biological control; Fruits; Storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mucosal Competitive Exclusion to Reduce Salmonella in Swine AN - 17487722; 4684022 AB - A mucosal competitive exclusion culture has been shown to reduce or eliminate Salmonella spp. in poultry. Using similar techniques, a mucosal competitive exclusion culture from swine (MCES) was produced from the cecum of a 6-week-old pig. Suckling pigs were inoculated with 5 ml of MCES by oral garage within 6 h postfarrowing (PF) and again at 24 h PF. All pigs were challenged with 10 super(3) CFU of Salmonella Choleraesuis at 48 h PF by intranasal instillation, including pigs from two sows that had not been given MCES. Clinical signs and rectal swabs were monitored daily, and pigs were allowed to suckle throughout the experiment. All pigs underwent necropsy on day 7 PF, and presence of Salmonella was determined in both qualitative (10 tissues) and quantitative (two tissues) samples. Clinical signs were inapparent in all pigs throughout the experiment. Recovery of Salmonella from rectal swabs was variable. However, 28% of the gut tissues were positive from the MCES-treated pigs versus 79% from the control pigs. A 2- to 5-log sub(10) reduction of Salmonella in the cecal contents or ileocolic junction was observed in the MCES-treated pigs when compared with the controls. These data indicate that use of MCES may be a useful approach for control of Salmonella. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Cox, NA AU - Ladely AU - Musgrove, M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Russell Research Center, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA, pcray@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1376 EP - 1380 VL - 62 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - mucosa competitive exclusion KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Poultry KW - Mucosa KW - Microflora KW - Infection KW - Salmonella KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17487722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Mucosal+Competitive+Exclusion+to+Reduce+Salmonella+in+Swine&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BBailey%2C+J+S%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCox%2C+NA%3BLadely%3BMusgrove%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Microflora; Infection; Mucosa; Poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unusual nest sites for southwestern Willow Flycatchers AN - 17483743; 4683569 AB - The endangered southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is an obligate riparian species that typically nests in willow (Salix spp.) thickets or other dense, shrubby habitats. We report on the first nests in Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) and in a climbing rose vine (Rosa multiflora). Although these nests were located in novel substrates, they were typical for the species in being supported by multiple small stems and in having a dense canopy cover. We suggest that nest substrate preferences of Willow Flycatchers in the Southwest may be broader than generally considered. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Stoleson, SH AU - Finch, D M AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA, sstoleso/rmrs_albq@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 574 EP - 575 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Willow flycatcher KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Site selection KW - Riparian environments KW - Empidonax traillii extimus KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17483743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Unusual+nest+sites+for+southwestern+Willow+Flycatchers&rft.au=Stoleson%2C+SH%3BFinch%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Stoleson&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Empidonax traillii extimus; Nests; Site selection; Riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships among Red-cockaded woodpecker group density, nestling provisioning rates, and habitat AN - 17482601; 4683557 AB - We examined Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) food provisioning rates of nestlings during the 1992 and 1993 breeding seasons on the Vernon Ranger District of the Kisatchie National Forest in Louisiana. Provisioning rates were monitored at nest trees in moderate (9.8 groups/2 km radius, n = 10) and low (5.9 groups/2 km radius, n = 10) density populations. Habitat around each cluster was measured within three radii (100 m, 400 m, and 800 m) to evaluate the possible influence of habitat quality on group density and nestling provisioning rates. We tested the null hypothesis that habitat quality and provisioning rates would be similar in areas with different densities of woodpecker groups. We failed to detect differences in nestling provisioning rates between woodpecker groups in moderate versus low group densities. Woodpecker groups from areas where group densities were moderate attempted to nest significantly more often than woodpecker groups occurring in low densities. Hardwood midstory vegetation was more abundant in areas with low woodpecker group density. Old-growth pines, which are known to be important for cavity excavation, were present in habitat around cavity-tree clusters of moderate-density groups, but generally absent in areas where group density was low. Woodpecker group density may be related to hardwood midstory conditions and the abundance and spatial distribution of remnant old pines. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AU - Saenz, D AU - Shackelford, CE AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, (maintained in cooperation with the College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ.), Southern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 494 EP - 498 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Juveniles KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Food KW - Picoides borealis KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Habitat KW - Parental behavior KW - Y 25446:Birds KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17482601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Relationships+among+Red-cockaded+woodpecker+group+density%2C+nestling+provisioning+rates%2C+and+habitat&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BShackelford%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Population density; Habitat; Food; Forests; Parental behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allocation of nitrogen and carbon in leaves of Metrosideros polymorpha regulates carboxylation capacity and delta super(13)C along an altitudinal gradient AN - 17472134; 4678018 AB - 1. Metrosideros polymorpha (O'hia), the dominant tree species in Hawaiian forest ecosystems, grows from sea level to treeline (2500 m). Consistent changes in its morphology and anatomy occur along this altitudinal/temperature gradient. Patterns of variation in photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf nitrogen content, nitrogen-use efficiency, delta super(13)C, and morphological and anatomical characteristics were determined across the elevational gradient. In addition, on-line carbon isotope discrimination studies of high and low elevation M. polymorpha were performed. 2. Observed trends with increasing altitude were: (1) progressively higher carboxylation efficiency, leaf N content on an area basis, leaf mass per unit area (LMA), less negative foliar delta super(13)C and (2) progressively smaller leaf size. Net CO sub(2) assimilation (A) expressed on an area basis, leaf dry mass and N content per leaf remained relatively constant along the gradient. 3. Foliar delta super(13)C became less negative with increasing elevation (-30ppt at low elevation to -24ppt at high elevation) and was strongly correlated with foliar N and LMA. Foliar delta super(13)C was also correlated with variations in the ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressure of CO sub(2) (p sub(i)/p sub(a)), as determined by field gas-exchange studies. 4. Results from on-line fractionation experiments suggested that the relatively large internal resistance to CO sub(2) diffusion did not differ between high and low elevation populations, despite differences in LMA. Less negative values of delta super(13)C at high elevations and corresponding lower values of p sub(i)/p sub(a) were associated with increased carboxylation efficiency and N content on a unit leaf area basis. 5. Two major homeostatic responses in M. polymorpha plants along elevational/temperature gradients were observed: (1) maintenance of similar photosynthetic rates per unit leaf surface area despite suboptimal conditions for CO sub(2) assimilation at high elevation and (2) similar N content per leaf despite lower soil N availability at high elevations. These homeostatic mechanisms allow M. polymorpha to maintain a relatively high level of growth-related activities at high elevation, despite limiting environmental conditions. JF - Functional Ecology AU - Cordell, S AU - Goldstein, G AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Handley, L L AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 811 EP - 818 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0269-8463, 0269-8463 KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Altitude KW - Leaves KW - Resource allocation KW - Metrosideros polymorpha KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17472134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+Ecology&rft.atitle=Allocation+of+nitrogen+and+carbon+in+leaves+of+Metrosideros+polymorpha+regulates+carboxylation+capacity+and+delta+super%2813%29C+along+an+altitudinal+gradient&rft.au=Cordell%2C+S%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BHandley%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Cordell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+Ecology&rft.issn=02698463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2435.1999.00381.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metrosideros polymorpha; Resource allocation; Altitude; Leaves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00381.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid and sensitive bioassay to study signals between root exudates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AN - 17464381; 4667168 AB - A sensitive bioassay was developed to provide a way to detect chemical signals from host plants which induce changes in hyphal growth patterns of germinated spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The assay can be used to test host root exudates, as well as particulate fractions (root cap border cells and root mucilage), for their ability to affect AM fungal growth. Hyphal branching, induced by various host root components, can be detected as early as 4 h although results of the bioassay were usually determined after 16 to 24 h. The type of branching pattern observed was dose-dependent. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Douds, DD Jr AD - ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, gnagahashi@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 893 EP - 897 VL - 13 IS - 12 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - exudates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Bioassays KW - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Spore germination KW - Roots KW - Signal transduction KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Rapid+and+sensitive+bioassay+to+study+signals+between+root+exudates+and+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Nagahashi%2C+G%3BDouds%2C+DD+Jr&rft.aulast=Nagahashi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008938527757 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Signal transduction; Bioassays; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; Spore germination; Roots DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008938527757 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant Essential Oils as Arrestants and Repellents for Neonate Larvae of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 17463519; 4670168 AB - Nonhost chemicals may be useful for controlling insect pests of crop plants by interfering with orientation to, and selection of, host plants. Essential oils of 27 plant species were tested in 2 different laboratory assays for evidence of arrest and repellency of neonate larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. In an olfactometer in which larval upwind movement toward apples was assessed, greatest arrest was achieved with oils of lavender, Lavandula officinalis L.; pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium L.; and cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L.. Oil of lavender was most effective in preventing larvae from moving upwind in the olfactometer. In a barrier assay, essential plant oils were applied to the distal ends of a glass rod (15 cm long) on which larvae were placed. Larvae crossed the barrier to reach apples impaled on each end of the glass rod. The most effective repellents in this barrier assay were rue, Ruta graveolens L.; garlic, Allium sativum L.; patchouly, Pogostemom cablin (Blanco); and tansy, Tanacetum vulgare L., oils. These 4 plant essential oils were most effective in causing larvae to turn away at the oil barrier. These materials, or their active ingredients, may be useful in protecting fruit from attack by codling moth larvae by preventing larvae from orienting to and arriving at fruit. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Hofstetter, R W AU - Biddick, L L AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 954 EP - 960 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Leaf rollers KW - Larvae KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Control programs KW - Pest control KW - Tortricidae KW - Repellents KW - Essential oils KW - Cydia pomonella KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17463519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Plant+Essential+Oils+as+Arrestants+and+Repellents+for+Neonate+Larvae+of+the+Codling+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BHofstetter%2C+R+W%3BBiddick%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cydia pomonella; Tortricidae; Pest control; Essential oils; Repellents; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Seasonality AN - 17463477; 4670164 AB - The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a natural disturbance agent of considerable consequence in western pine forests. This economically and ecologically important insect has a strong requisite for maintaining a strict seasonality. Given this ecological requirement, it is somewhat surprising that no evidence for diapause or other physiological timing mechanism has been found. Seasonality and phenological timing for this species are apparently under direct temperature control. We investigate the consequences of direct temperature control by first constructing a computationally efficient phenology model based on previously published temperature dependent developmental data. We explored the dynamic properties of this model when subjected to observed microhabitat temperatures representing a range of thermal habitats from one region of the mountain pine beetle distribution. We also investigated the consequences of global climate change on phenology and seasonality. Our results indicate that an adaptive seasonality is a natural consequence of the interaction between developmental parameters and seasonal temperatures. Although this adaptive phenology appears to be resilient to temperature fluctuations, changes in climate within the magnitude of predicted climate change under a CO sub(2) doubling scenario are capable of shifting a thermally hostile environment to a thermally benign environment. Similarly, increasing temperature by the same amount resulted in phenological disruption of a previously favorable thermal habitat. We discuss the implications of these results for restricting the current distribution of mountain pine beetle, and the potential for shifting distribution caused by global climate change. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Logan, JA AU - Bentz, B J AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 924 EP - 934 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Phenology KW - Dendroctonus ponderosae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17463477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Model+Analysis+of+Mountain+Pine+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+Seasonality&rft.au=Logan%2C+JA%3BBentz%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus ponderosae; Temperature effects; Phenology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lidar Remote Sensing of the Canopy Structure and Biophysical Properties of Douglas-Fir Western Hemlock Forests AN - 17461331; 4671405 AB - Scanning lidar remote sensing systems have recently become available for use in ecological applications. Unlike conventional microwave and optical sensors, lidar sensors directly measure the distribution of vegetation material along the vertical axis and can be used to provide three-dimensional, or volumetric, characterizations of vegetation structure. Ecological applications of scanning lidar have hitherto used one-dimensional indices to characterize canopy height. A novel three-dimensional analysis of lidar waveforms was developed to characterize the total volume and spatial organization of vegetation material and empty space within the forest canopy. These aspects of the physical structure of canopies have been infrequently measured, from either field or remote methods. We applied this analysis to 22 plots in Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands on the west slope of the Cascades Range in Oregon. Each plot had coincident lidar data and field measurements of stand structure. We compared results from the novel analysis to two earlier methods of canopy description. Using the indices of canopy structure from all three methods of description as independent variables in a stepwise multiple regression, we were able to make nonasymptotic predictions of biomass and leaf area index (LAI) over a wide range, up to 1200 Mg ha super(-1) of biomass and an LAI of 12, with 90% and 75% of variance explained, respectively. Furthermore, we were able to make accurate estimates of other stand structure attributes, including the mean and standard deviation of diameter at breast height, the number of stems greater than 100 cm in diameter, and independent estimates of the basal area of Douglas-fir and western hemlock. These measurements can be directly related to indices of forest stand structural complexity, such as those developed for old-growth forest characterization. Indices of canopy structure developed using the novel, three-dimensional analysis accounted for most of the variables used in predictive equations generated by the stepwise multiple regression. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Lefsky, MA AU - Cohen, W B AU - Acker, SA AU - Parker, G G AU - Spies, T A AU - Harding, D AD - USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way. Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, lefsky@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 339 EP - 361 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Pacific hemlock KW - Douglas fir KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Remote sensing KW - Forests KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Canopies KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17461331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Lidar+Remote+Sensing+of+the+Canopy+Structure+and+Biophysical+Properties+of+Douglas-Fir+Western+Hemlock+Forests&rft.au=Lefsky%2C+MA%3BCohen%2C+W+B%3BAcker%2C+SA%3BParker%2C+G+G%3BSpies%2C+T+A%3BHarding%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lefsky&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0034-4257%2899%2900052-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Remote sensing; Canopies; Forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00052-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summertime transport of current-use pesticides from California's Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, USA AN - 17457409; 4664939 AB - Agricultural activity in California's Central Valley may be an important source of pesticides that are transported in the air to the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, USA. Pesticides applied to this intensive crop production area may volatilize under warm temperatures typical of the valley and be transported through the atmosphere to be deposited in the cooler, higher elevation regions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To determine the extent of summertime atmospheric transport of pesticides to this region, high-volume air, dry deposition, and surface water samples were collected in the Central Valley and at different elevations in California's Sequoia National Park. Results revealed that the highest residue concentrations were those of compounds with heavy summertime agricultural use. A significant drop in pesticide concentrations in both air and water samples was observed within a few 100-m elevation from the valley; however, levels remained relatively constant between similar to 500 and 2,000 m. Water concentrations from two areas above 3,000 m contained levels less than a tenth as high as those at lower elevations. Possible effects of the pesticides were estimated using measured water concentrations to calculate total exposure of three aquatic species to organophosphate insecticides. Aggregate exposure calculations showed concentrations were well below 96-h LC50 values for rainbow trout and stonefly but concentrations may be harmful to amphipods. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - LeNoir, J S AU - McConnell, L L AU - Fellers, G M AU - Cahill, T M AU - Seiber, J N AD - Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Environmental Resource Sciences, Mail Stop 199, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA, jseiber@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2715 EP - 2722 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, California KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Surface water KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pesticides KW - Air sampling KW - Dry deposition KW - Seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17457409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Summertime+transport+of+current-use+pesticides+from+California%27s+Central+Valley+to+the+Sierra+Nevada+Mountain+Range%2C+USA&rft.au=LeNoir%2C+J+S%3BMcConnell%2C+L+L%3BFellers%2C+G+M%3BCahill%2C+T+M%3BSeiber%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=LeNoir&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seasonal variations; Air sampling; Water sampling; Surface water; Agrochemicals; Dry deposition; Pesticides; Pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of Action and Dose-Response Relationships Governing Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato by Nonpathogenic Fusarium spp. AN - 17452700; 4664250 AB - Three isolates of nonpathogenic Fusarium spp. (CS-1, CS-20, and Fo47), previously shown to reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt diseases of multiple crops, were evaluated to determine their mechanisms of action and antagonist-pathogen inoculum density relationships. Competition for nutrients, as represented by a reduction in pathogen saprophytic growth in the presence of the biocontrol isolates, was observed to be an important mechanism of action for isolate Fo47, but not for isolates CS-1 and CS-20. All three biocontrol isolates demonstrated some degree of induced systemic resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants, as determined by split-root tests, but varied in their relative abilities to reduce disease. Isolate CS-20 provided the most effective control (39 to 53% disease reduction), while Fo47 provided the least effective control (23 to 25% reduction) in split-root tests. Dose-response relationships also differed considerably among the three biocontrol isolates, with CS-20 significantly reducing disease incidence at antagonist doses as low as 100 chlamydospores per g of soil (cgs) and at pathogen densities up to 10 super(5) cgs. Isolate CS-1 also was generally effective at antagonist densities of 100 to 5,000 cgs, but only when pathogen densities were below 10 super(4) cgs. Isolate Fo47 was effective only at antagonist densities of 10 super(4) to 10 super(5) cgs, regardless of pathogen density. Epidemiological dose-response models (described by linear, negative exponential, hyperbolic saturation [HS], and logistic [LG] functions) fit to the observed data were used to quantify differences among the biocontrol isolates and establish biocontrol characteristics. Each isolate required a different model to best describe its dose-response characteristics, with the HS/HS, LG/HS, and LG/LG models (pathogen/biocontrol components) providing the best fit for isolates CS-1, CS-20, and Fo47, respectively. Model parameters defining effective biocontrol dose (ED sub(50)) indicated an ED sub(50) of 2.6, 36.3, and 2.1 x 10 super(6) cgs and estimates of biocontrol efficiency of 0.229, 0.539, and 0.774 for isolates CS-1, CS-20, and Fo47, respectively. Differences in dose-response relationships among the biocontrol isolates were attributed to differences in their mechanisms of action, with CS-20 and CS-1 functioning primarily by induced resistance and Fo47 functioning primarily by competition for nutrients. JF - Phytopathology AU - Larkin, R P AU - Fravel AD - USDA, ARS, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Lab, University of Maine, Orono ME 04469, USA, larkin@maine.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1152 EP - 1161 VL - 89 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Fusarium KW - Dose-response effects KW - Nutrients KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - Crops KW - Wilt KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17452700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+Action+and+Dose-Response+Relationships+Governing+Biological+Control+of+Fusarium+Wilt+of+Tomato+by+Nonpathogenic+Fusarium+spp.&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P%3BFravel&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Lycopersicon esculentum; Citrullus lanatus; Dose-response effects; Biological control; Wilt; Nutrients; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diel and seasonal movements by adult Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus grandis) in the Eel River, northwestern California AN - 17447984; 4657018 AB - In late summer and fall, radio-tagged adult Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus grandis) at three sites in the Eel River of northwestern California moved more at night than during the day. Fish moved up to 535 m at night and returned to their original positions the following morning. Adult Sacramento pikeminnow at all sites occupied only pools during the day, but at one site moved through high gradient riffles and occupied fast water habitats at night. Adult Sacramento pikeminnow at the upstream limit of their range in one Eel River tributary moved downstream up to 23 km during the winter and tended to return to their original position the following spring, where they remained through the summer. Fish radio tagged at downstream sites exhibited more variable behavior, moving 2-92 km over less than or equal to 393 days. Our observations suggest that the most appropriate scale of consideration for attempts to manage this species or estimate population size includes entire river drainages. JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish AU - Harvey, B C AU - Nakamoto, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 209 EP - 215 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0906-6691, 0906-6691 KW - Sacramento squawfish KW - USA, California KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - USA, California, Eel R. KW - Local movements KW - Movements KW - Circadian rhythms KW - Home range KW - Activity patterns KW - Seasonal variations KW - Ptychocheilus grandis KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17447984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.atitle=Diel+and+seasonal+movements+by+adult+Sacramento+pikeminnow+%28Ptychocheilus+grandis%29+in+the+Eel+River%2C+northwestern+California&rft.au=Harvey%2C+B+C%3BNakamoto%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.issn=09066691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Local movements; Circadian rhythms; Home range; Activity patterns; Seasonal variations; Rivers; Movements; Ptychocheilus grandis; USA, California, Eel R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal patterns and environmental control of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange in an ecotonal boreal forest AN - 17445532; 4655340 AB - Carbon dioxide, water vapour, and sensible heat fluxes were measured above and within a spruce dominated forest near the southern ecotone of the boreal forest in Maine, USA. Summer, mid-day carbon dioxide uptake was higher than at other boreal coniferous forests, averaging about -13 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1). Nocturnal summer ecosystem respiration averaged approximately 6 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1) at a mean temperature of approximately 15 degree C. Significant ecosystem C uptake began with the thawing of the soil in early April and was abruptly reduced by the first autumn frost in early October. Half-hourly forest CO sub(2) exchange was regulated mostly by the incident photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD). In addition to the threshold effects of freezing temperatures, there were seasonal effects on the inferred photosynthetic parameters of the forest canopy. The functional response of this forest to environmental variation was similar to that of other spruce forests. In contrast to reports of carbon loss from northerly boreal forest sites, in 1996 the Howland forest was a strong carbon sink, storing about 2.1 t C ha super(-1). JF - Global Change Biology AU - Hollinger, D Y AU - Goltz, S M AU - Davidson, E A AU - Lee, J T AU - Tu, K AU - Valentine, H T AD - USDA Forest Service, 271 Mast Rd., Durham, NH 03824, USA, davidh@christa.unh.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 891 EP - 902 VL - 5 IS - 8 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Spruces KW - USA, Maine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Picea KW - Carbon cycle KW - Forests KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17445532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+patterns+and+environmental+control+of+carbon+dioxide+and+water+vapour+exchange+in+an+ecotonal+boreal+forest&rft.au=Hollinger%2C+D+Y%3BGoltz%2C+S+M%3BDavidson%2C+E+A%3BLee%2C+J+T%3BTu%2C+K%3BValentine%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Hollinger&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.1999.00281.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea; Seasonal variations; Forests; Carbon cycle DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00281.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minor and intermediate components enhance attraction of female mediterranean fruit flies to natural male odor pheromone and its synthetic major components AN - 17443684; 4655134 AB - The attraction of virgin female medflies to either the natural pheromonal odor of calling males or its synthetic major components was enhanced by both intermediate and minor pheromonal components in multiple choice discrimination tests. The modification of the standard Gow rotating-trap-array, cage olfactometer to allow a single source of natural pheromonal odor to be delivered equally and simultaneously to a number of traps greatly increased trapping efficacy (64% capture rate) and ability to resolve odor preference discrimination by female flies. In olfactometer cage bioassays, responding female medflies expressed preferences in attraction to male odor augmented with either synthetic intermediate or minor components over male odor alone. In dual-choice flight-tunnel bioassays, the minor blend enhanced the attractiveness of both the natural male odor and its synthetic major components. Moreover, the minor blend, when presented together with the synthetic major components, comprised an artificial pheromonal lure competitive for the first time with the natural male odor in attraction of virgin female medflies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Light, D M AU - Jang, E B AU - Binder, R G AU - Flath, R A AU - Kint, S AD - USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2757 EP - 2778 VL - 25 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - artificial pheromones KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Females KW - Fruit flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Sex pheromone KW - Pest control KW - Attractants KW - Calling behavior KW - Tephritidae KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Minor+and+intermediate+components+enhance+attraction+of+female+mediterranean+fruit+flies+to+natural+male+odor+pheromone+and+its+synthetic+major+components&rft.au=Light%2C+D+M%3BJang%2C+E+B%3BBinder%2C+R+G%3BFlath%2C+R+A%3BKint%2C+S&rft.aulast=Light&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Sex pheromone; Attractants; Pest control; Calling behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical evidence for complex source-sink dynamics with alternative states in a butterfly metapopulation AN - 17436786; 4655231 AB - In heterogeneous landscapes, a species' habitat may be partitioned into sources and sinks. Conceptually, three kinds of habitat have been described: (1) "sources" are consistent net exporters of organisms; "true sinks" are net importers, and without immigration their populations go extinct; and (3) "pseudosinks" are also net importers, but without immigration they can sustain populations and sometimes can even become net exporters (sources). Previously, I have described sources and pseudosinks in a metapopulation of the butterfly Euphydryas editha and reported the extinction of populations in sources due to an unusual frost. Here, I describe the recolonization of the former sources by migrants from extant populations in the former pseudosinks. For comparison, a series of vacant patches was created in the former pseudosinks. Recolonization was tracked by sampling the population density in the vacant patches. Patches were sampled for 5 years. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the establishment rate of new populations was 10 times higher in outcrops, the former pseudosinks, than in clearings, the former sources. Initial population density was 150 times higher in outcrops (measured as number of larval webs per square meter). Yet in clearings, only the immigrants had poor reproductive success. On those occasions when a resident population was established, the residents had high reproductive success, and the population grew rapidly. The low recolonization rate of clearings could not be attributed to effects of patch size or spatial barriers. A temporal barrier was hypothesized, in which immigrants arrived too late each year to reproduce successfully on host plants in clearings. The host plant in clearings, Collinsia torreyi, typically senesced during the breeding season, but the host plant in outcrops, Pedicularis semibarbata, did not. The hypothesis proposed that immigrants oviposited later than residents because the immigrants originated in outcrops, which had a different microclimate that delayed adult eclosion. The hypothesis was supported: the newly established resident populations in clearings tended to oviposit 10 d earlier than populations in nearby outcrops. An experiment showed earlier eclosion times in clearings than in outcrops. Another experiment showed much higher larval survival in early clearings than in late clearings. Mortality was correlated with host-plant senescence. The temporal barrier was strong enough to keep clearings as net importers of butterflies from outcrops, meaning that the net flow of butterflies reversed after the frost destroyed the resident populations in clearings. Thus, "early" clearings had been sources, but "late" clearings were true sinks, giving the system two kinds of source-sink relationships. After the frost, the metapopulation as a whole underwent a demographic source-sink inversion from one locally stable state to the other. The findings suggest that asymmetric constraints on dispersal, due to temporal structure, may be a mechanism for complex source-sink dynamics in herbivorous insects and possibly other animals. JF - Ecology AU - Boughton, DA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA, dboughton@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2727 EP - 2739 VL - 80 IS - 8 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pedicularis semibarbata KW - Population dynamics KW - Migration KW - Colonization KW - Collinsia torreyi KW - Euphydryas editha KW - Metapopulations KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17436786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Empirical+evidence+for+complex+source-sink+dynamics+with+alternative+states+in+a+butterfly+metapopulation&rft.au=Boughton%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Boughton&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphydryas editha; Collinsia torreyi; Pedicularis semibarbata; Population dynamics; Metapopulations; Migration; Colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size-assortative mating, male choice and female choice in the curculionid beetle Diaprepes abbreviatus AN - 17433530; 4646323 AB - In the beetle Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) females are larger on average than males, as indicated by elytra length. Size-assortative matings were observed in wild populations in Florida and in laboratory mating experiments. We tested three mechanisms for this size-assortative mating: (1) mate availability; (2) mating constraints; and (3) mate choice. We found that mate choice influenced size-assortative mating by: (1) large and small males preferring to mate with large females; (2) large males successfully competing for large females, leaving small males to mate with small females; and (3) females accepting large males as mates more readily than small males. Males increased their reproductive success by mating with larger, more fecund females. They transferred protein to females during mating. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Harari, A R AU - Handler, A M AU - Landolt, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Gainesville, Florida, aharari@netvision.net.il Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1191 EP - 1200 PB - Academic Press VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Diaprepes abbreviatus KW - Assortative mating KW - Curculionidae KW - Body size KW - Mate selection KW - Breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Size-assortative+mating%2C+male+choice+and+female+choice+in+the+curculionid+beetle+Diaprepes+abbreviatus&rft.au=Harari%2C+A+R%3BHandler%2C+A+M%3BLandolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Harari&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fanbe.1999.1257 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Diaprepes abbreviatus; Assortative mating; Mate selection; Body size; Breeding success DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1257 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilized lipoxygenase in a packed-bed column bioreactor: continuous oxygenation of linoleic acid super(1) AN - 17433370; 4653227 AB - The continuous oxygenation of linoleic acid (LA) by immobilized lipoxygenase (LOX) was studied. Enzymatic oxidation was carried out in a recirculating packed column reactor using immobilized LOX as the stationary phase and LA as the substrate. The column, when packed with LOX immobilized in either a calcium alginate sol-gel matrix or a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix, is equivalent to five continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). The reactor cascade was calculated from the residence-time distribution for the reactor. Based on mass-balance calculations, a set of mathematical equations for predicting the concentration of oxygenated product generated in each CSTR was calculated. Product formation in the packed column reactor was simulated and results calculated with the model were compared with the experimental results. The data indicated that product yield (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, HPOD) increased asymptotically with reaction time. Experimentally, when the bioreactor was packed with calcium alginate sol-gel-immobilized LOX, an initial linear increase in HPOD production with time was observed, but reached a steady state. For the bioreactor packed with phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized LOX, initial HPOD production increased more rapidly but reached a lower steady-state concentration. From these data, a simple computer simulation model was developed to determine the process kinetics of this reactor design. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Hsu, A-F AU - Wu, E AU - Shen, S AU - Foglia, T A AU - Jones, K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 245 EP - 250 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - linoleic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Bioreactors KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - Oxygenation KW - Lipoxygenase KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Immobilized+lipoxygenase+in+a+packed-bed+column+bioreactor%3A+continuous+oxygenation+of+linoleic+acid+super%281%29&rft.au=Hsu%2C+A-F%3BWu%2C+E%3BShen%2C+S%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BJones%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=A-F&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioreactors; Immobilized enzymes; Lipoxygenase; Oxygenation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Mla (powdery mildew) resistance cluster is associated with three NBS-LRR gene families and suppressed recombination within a 240-kB DNA interval on chromosome 5S (1HS) of barley AN - 17432585; 4645977 AB - Powdery mildew of barley, caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, is a model system for investigating the mechanism of gene-for-gene interaction between large-genome cereals and obligate-fungal pathogens. A large number of loci that confer resistance to this disease are located on the short arm of chromosome 5(1H). The Mla resistance-gene cluster is positioned near the telomeric end of this chromosome arm. AFLP-, RAPD-, and RFLP-derived markers were used to saturate the Mla region in a high-resolution recombinant population segregating for the (Mla6 + Mla14) and (Mla13 + Ml-Ru3) resistance specificities. These tightly linked genetic markers were used to identify and develop a physical contig of YAC and BAC clones spanning the Mla cluster. Three distinct NBS-LRR resistance-gene homologue (RGH) families were revealed via computational analysis of low-pass and BAC-end sequence data derived from Mla-spanning clones. Genetic and physical mapping delimited the Mla-associated, NBS- LRR gene families to a 240-kb interval. Recombination within the RGH families was at least 10-fold less frequent than between markers directly adjacent to the Mla cluster. JF - Genetics AU - Wei, F AU - Werner, K G AU - Morroll, S M AU - Kurth, J AU - Mao, L AU - Wing, R AU - Leister, D AU - Lefert, P S AU - Wise, R AD - USDA-ARS-Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, 409 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020., rpwise@iastate.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1929 EP - 1948 VL - 153 IS - 4 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - barley KW - LRR gene KW - Mla gene KW - NBS gene KW - chromosome 5 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Erysiphe graminis KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Disease resistance KW - Gene families KW - Powdery mildew KW - Recombination KW - DNA KW - Erysiphe graminis hordei KW - Gene mapping KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Mla+%28powdery+mildew%29+resistance+cluster+is+associated+with+three+NBS-LRR+gene+families+and+suppressed+recombination+within+a+240-kB+DNA+interval+on+chromosome+5S+%281HS%29+of+barley&rft.au=Wei%2C+F%3BWerner%2C+K+G%3BMorroll%2C+S+M%3BKurth%2C+J%3BMao%2C+L%3BWing%2C+R%3BLeister%2C+D%3BLefert%2C+P+S%3BWise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erysiphe graminis hordei; Hordeum vulgare; Erysiphe graminis; Powdery mildew; Disease resistance; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Gene mapping; Recombination; DNA; Gene families ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agar underlay method for recovery of sublethally heat-injured bacteria AN - 17431252; 4652838 AB - A method of recovering sublethally heat-injured bacteria was developed. The procedure (termed the agar underlay method) uses a nonselective agar underlaid with a selective medium. In a two-chambered petri dish, the Lutri plate (LP), a nonselective agar is inoculated with a population of sublethally heat-injured bacteria. After a 2-h repair incubation period, selective agar is added to the bottom chamber of the LP and incubated. By diffusing through the nonselective top agar, selective agents from the underlay medium impart selectivity to the system. By the agar underlay method, recovery rates of the heat-injured food-borne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium were not different (P > 0.05) from recovery rates determined with nonselective media. Sublethally heat-injured cells (60 degree C for 1.5 min in buffer or 80 degree C for 30 s on meat surfaces) grew and produced a typical colony morphology and color reaction when the agar underlay procedure was used with the appropriate respective selective agars. Unlike agar overlay methods for injury repair, the agar underlay procedure allows the typical selective-medium colony morphology to develop and allows colonies to be more easily picked for further characterization. Higher recovery rates of heat-injured fecal enterococci from bovine fecal samples and total coliforms from animal waste lagoons were obtained by the agar underlay method with selective agars than by direct plating on the respective selective media. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kang, D H AU - Siragusa, G R AD - Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 166, Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA, siragusa@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 5334 EP - 5337 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Thermal injury KW - Cell injury KW - Colonial characteristics KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Media (selective) KW - Escherichia coli KW - Heat treatments KW - Media (isolation) KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17431252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Agar+underlay+method+for+recovery+of+sublethally+heat-injured+bacteria&rft.au=Kang%2C+D+H%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium; Cell injury; Heat treatments; Agar; Media (isolation); Thermal injury; Colonial characteristics; Media (selective) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Aspergillus flavus Strains on Aflatoxin and Bright Greenish Yellow Fluorescence of Corn Kernels AN - 17417912; 4640853 AB - The objective of this study was to relate the diversity of a naturally occurring population of Aspergillus flavus to their ability to contaminate grain with aflatoxin and produce bright greenish yellow fluorescent (BGYF) kernels. A total of 19 strains of A. flavus isolated from a corn field near Kilbourne, Illinois were used as inoculum, including 16 genotypes (DNA fingerprinting), and representing both aflatoxin producers and non-producers. A commercial corn hybrid (Pioneer 3394) was grown in this field in 1996 and 1998. A total of 20 ears in the late-milk to early-dough stage of maturity were inoculated with each A. flavus strain using a toothpick-wound procedure. At harvest, 20 to 24 of the kernels nearest to each wounded site were separated into three categories: wound-inoculated kernels, intact BGYF kernels, and all other intact kernels. Sample weights of intact BGYF kernels in 1996 and 1998 grain samples averaged 5.0 and 9.5% of the total sample weight, respectively. Aflatoxin-producing strains were associated with a higher frequency (P < 0.05) of BGYF kernels for grain samples harvested in 1998. Removal of the individual wound-inoculated kernels and the intact BGYF kernels from corn ears inoculated with 13 aflatoxin-producing strains of A. flavus lowered mean aflatoxin values from 115 ng/g (range = <1 to 387 ng/g) to 2 ng/g for 1996 grain samples and from 744 ng/g (range = 20 to 1,416 ng/g) to 33 ng/g for 1998 grain samples. Results indicated substantial variation among A. flavus genotypes in their ability to produce aflatoxin in the germ and endosperm of infected BGYF kernels. The naturally occurring A. flavus population may include a majority of strains that produce no aflatoxin but exhibit BGYF and are thus aflatoxin "false positives" when corn grain is examined with an ultraviolet light at 365 nm. Intraspecific competition between aflatoxin-producing and non-producing strains would be expected to naturally suppress the severity of aflatoxin outbreaks within the Midwestern corn belt. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wicklow, D T AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, wicklodt@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1146 EP - 1148 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fluorescence KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Genotyping KW - Aflatoxins KW - Aspergillosis KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17417912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Aspergillus+flavus+Strains+on+Aflatoxin+and+Bright+Greenish+Yellow+Fluorescence+of+Corn+Kernels&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Fluorescence; Mycotoxins; Aspergillosis; Aflatoxins; Genotyping; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Potato Tubers by BIO-PCR and an Automated Real-Time Fluorescence Detection System AN - 17415728; 4640842 AB - Ring rot of potato, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, is one of the most regulated diseases of potatoes world wide. The organism is often difficult to detect in symptomless tubers because of low populations and slow competitive growth on available media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and a fluorescent probe for use in the Perkin Elmer 7700 automated real time PCR detection system (TaqMan) were designed from a C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus-specific genomic DNA fragment for development of a BIO-PCR assay for C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato tubers. Results of screening the primers with strains of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and other bacteria showed the primers to be specific. A total of 30 naturally infected ring rot suspect tubers were sampled by the core extract, shaker incubation procedure and assayed by (i) plating aliquots onto agar media, (ii) classical PCR, and (iii) BIO-PCR. In all, 4 tubers were positive by agar plating and pathogenicity tests, 8 by classical TaqMan PCR, and 26 by TaqMan BIO-PCR. We conclude that BIO-PCR combined with the TaqMan automated closed detection system is a rapid, reliable method of assaying large numbers of potato tuber extracts for C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Furthermore, for a large central laboratory running large numbers of PCR assays, the high-throughput TaqMan system can reduce costs per sample over the more labor-intensive classical PCR. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schaad, N W AU - Berthier-Schaad, Y AU - Sechler, A AU - Knorr, D AD - ARS-USDA Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, schaad@ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1095 EP - 1100 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fluorescence KW - Probes KW - Automation KW - Clavibacter michiganensis KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Ring rot KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17415728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Clavibacter+michiganensis+subsp.+sepedonicus+in+Potato+Tubers+by+BIO-PCR+and+an+Automated+Real-Time+Fluorescence+Detection+System&rft.au=Schaad%2C+N+W%3BBerthier-Schaad%2C+Y%3BSechler%2C+A%3BKnorr%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schaad&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavibacter michiganensis; Solanum tuberosum; Ring rot; Polymerase chain reaction; Detection; Probes; Fluorescence; Automation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term patterns in vegetation-site relationships in a southern Appalachian forest AN - 17411369; 4633242 AB - We used permanent plot inventories from 1969-1973 and 1988-1993 to describe forest species distribution patterns of the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, a 2,185 ha basin in western North Carolina, USA. We used canonical correspondence analysis to explore the vegetation-site patterns for the 1970s and 1990s inventories combined. Site variables were determined by direct measurements or calculated by digital geographical information system mapping methods. Site variables were percent slope, elevation, terrain shape, precipitation, modified azimuth, soil organic matter content, soil depth, soil clay content, depth of A-horizon, potential solar radiation, and mean temperature during the growing season. Fifty percent of the variation in the vegetation distribution was explained by the site variables used in the canonical correspondence analysis. Soil organic matter, terrain shape, and elevation were the variables most strongly related to vegetation distribution. Species associated with convex terrain (upper slopes and ridges), such as Pinus rigida, Quercus coccinea, and Quercus velutina, decreased in abundance from the 1970s to the 1990s; species associated with soils having high organic matter content and deep A-horizons, such as Liriodendron tulipifera, Rhododendron maximum, and Tsuga canadensis increased in abundance. Individual species responded differently to site gradients. For example, Acer rubrum, Quercus prinus, Oxydendrum arboreum, and Nyssa sylvatica were located in the center of the ordination space (i.e., their occurrence was not related to any of the site variables), which suggests that these species are habitat generalists. JF - Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society AU - Elliott, K J AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AU - Bolstad, P V AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 320 EP - 334 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 1095-5674, 1095-5674 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Community composition KW - Montane environments KW - Ecological distribution KW - Plants KW - Forests KW - Population changes KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.atitle=Long-term+patterns+in+vegetation-site+relationships+in+a+southern+Appalachian+forest&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BVose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BBolstad%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plants; Community composition; Ecological distribution; Population changes; Montane environments; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root-infecting fungi associated with a decline of longleaf pine in the southeastern United States AN - 1034823584; 17025700 AB - A 35-year-old longleaf pine stand exhibited trees in various stages of decline. A study was conducted to determine root-infecting fungi and other abnormalities associated with varying degrees of crown symptoms. A four-class crown symptom rating system was devised according to ascending symptom severity. Leptographium procerum and L. terebrantis were significantly associated with increasing crown symptom severity. Heterobasidion annosum was also isolated in higher frequency as crown symptoms increased. Also, evidence of insects on roots increased as did amount of resinosis observed. Edaphic and silvicultural factors may interact with these pathogens and insects to pose a pathological limitation on longer-term management objectives. Further research is needed to determine relationships among various edaphic, silvicultural, and biological factors associated with the decline syndrome on this site. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Otrosina, William J AU - Bannwart, Diane AU - Roncadori, Ronald W AD - Southern Research Station, Tree Root Biology, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA FAX No Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 145 EP - 150 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 217 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Trees KW - Fungi KW - Leptographium procerum KW - Roots KW - Heterobasidion annosum KW - Pathogens KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034823584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Root-infecting+fungi+associated+with+a+decline+of+longleaf+pine+in+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Otrosina%2C+William+J%3BBannwart%2C+Diane%3BRoncadori%2C+Ronald+W&rft.aulast=Otrosina&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004645115446 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silviculture; Trees; Fungi; Roots; Pathogens; Leptographium procerum; Heterobasidion annosum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004645115446 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Productivity, nutrient cycling, and succession in single- and mixed-species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus robusta, and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico AN - 17393306; 4625113 AB - Tree growth, biomass productivity, litterfall mass and nutrient content, changes in soil chemical properties and understory forest succession were evaluated over a 8.5-year period in single- and mixed-species (50 : 50) plantations of two N sub(2)-fixing species, Casuarina equisetifolia and Leucaena leucocephala, and a non-fixing species, Eucalyptus robusta. At the optimal harvest age for maximum biomass production (4 years), total aboveground biomass ranged from 63 Mg ha super(-1) in the Eucalyptus monoculture to 124 Mg ha super(-1) in the Casuarina/Leucaena mixture, and was generally greater in the mixed-species than in single-species treatments due to increased productivity of the N-fixing species in the mixed stands. Total litterfall varied from 5.3 to 10.0 Mg ha super(-1) year super(-1) among treatments, or between 5.9% and 13.2% of net primary production. Litterfall production and rates of nutrient return for N, P, K, Ca and Mg were generally highest for Leucaena, intermediate for Casuarina and lowest for Eucalyptus. These rates were usually higher in the mixed-species than in monospecific stands due to differences in biomass productivity, but varied considerably depending on their species composition. Total system carbon and nutrient pools (in biomass plus soils to 40-cm depth) for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn at four years were consistently greater in the plantation treatments than in the unplanted control plots. Relative to the single-species plantations, these system pools were generally larger in the mixed-species plantations for C (-10% to +10%), N (+17% to +50%), P (-1% to +63%), K (-19% to +46%), Ca (-10% to +48%), Mg (+5% to +57%) and Mn (+19% to +86%). Whole-tree harvests at four years would result in substantial system carbon and nutrient losses, although these estimated losses would not exceed the estimated gains realized during the four-year period of tree growth at this site. At 7.5 years, soil organic matter and effective cation exchange capacity were reduced in all plantation treatments relative to the control. Changes in soil nutrient content from 0 to 7.5 years were highly variable and not significantly different among treatments, although stands containing Leucaena generally showed higher rates of nitrogen and phosphorus accretion in soils than those with Eucalyptus and/or Casuarina. Natural regeneration of secondary forest tree and shrub species increased over time in all plantation treatments. A total of 24 native or naturalized forest species were recorded in the plantations at 8.5 years. Woody species abundance at this age was significantly greater beneath Casuarina than either Eucalyptus or the Eucalyptus/Leucaena mixed stands. Species richness and diversity, however, were greatest beneath stands containing Eucalyptus and/or Leucaena than in stands with Casuarina. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Parrotta, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, P.O. Box 25000 Rio Piedras USA Y1 - 1999/11/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 22 SP - 45 EP - 77 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+novel+Lymantria+dispar+nucleopolyhedrovirus+mutant+that+exhibits+abnormal+polyhedron+formation+and+virion+occlusion&rft.au=Slavicek%2C+JM%3BMercer%2C+MJ%3BPohlman%2C+D%3BKelly%2C+ME%3BBischoff%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Slavicek&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00049-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peroxyl radicals are potential agents of lignin biodegradation. AN - 69285229; 10561507 AB - Past work has shown that the extracellular manganese-dependent peroxidases (MnPs) of ligninolytic fungi degrade the principal non-phenolic structures of lignin when they peroxidize unsaturated fatty acids. This reaction is likely to be relevant to ligninolysis in sound wood, where enzymes cannot penetrate, only if it employs a small, diffusible lipid radical as the proximal oxidant of lignin. Here we show that a non-phenolic beta-O-4-linked lignin model dimer was oxidized to products indicative of hydrogen abstraction and electron transfer by three different peroxyl radical-generating systems: (a) MnP/Mn(II)/linoleic acid, (b) arachidonic acid in which peroxidation was initiated by a small amount of H(2)O(2)/Fe(II), and (c) the thermolysis in air of either 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) or 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. Some quantitative differences in the product distributions were found, but these were attributable to the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents on the peroxyl radicals derived from azo precursors. Our results introduce a new hypothesis: that biogenic peroxyl radicals may be agents of lignin biodegradation. JF - FEBS letters AU - Kapich, A N AU - Jensen, K A AU - Hammel, K E AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 12 SP - 115 EP - 119 VL - 461 IS - 1-2 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - manganese peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phanerochaete -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Models, Chemical KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Time Factors KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Lignin -- metabolism KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69285229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Peroxyl+radicals+are+potential+agents+of+lignin+biodegradation.&rft.au=Kapich%2C+A+N%3BJensen%2C+K+A%3BHammel%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Kapich&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft.volume=461&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of garlic callus as affected by clonal variation, plant growth regulators and culture conditions over time AN - 17029791; 4629888 AB - A long-term regeneration system for garlic (Allium sativum L.) clones of diverse origin was developed. Callus was initiated on a modified Gamborg's B-5 medium supplemented with 4.5 mu M 2,4-D and maintained on the same basal medium with 4.7 mu M picloram+0.49 mu M 2iP. Regeneration potential of callus after 5, 12 and 16 months on maintenance medium was measured using several plant growth regulator treatments. The 1.4 mu M picloram+13.3 mu M BA treatment stimulated the highest rate of shoot production. Regeneration rate decreased as callus age increased, but healthy plantlets from callus cultures up to 16-months-old were produced for all clones. Regeneration of long-term garlic callus cultures could be useful for clonal propagation and transformation. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Myers, J M AU - Simon, P W AD - USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, psimon@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1999/11/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 11 SP - 32 EP - 36 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Growth regulators KW - Allium sativum KW - Regeneration KW - Plant breeding KW - Cell culture KW - Callus KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17029791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+garlic+callus+as+affected+by+clonal+variation%2C+plant+growth+regulators+and+culture+conditions+over+time&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+M%3BSimon%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-11&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990050706 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allium sativum; Growth regulators; Callus; Regeneration; Cell culture; Plant breeding DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050706 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Twenty years of change in a northern hardwood forest AN - 17376356; 4600658 AB - Forests undisturbed by logging play a vital role in our understanding and management of forest ecosystems. The Bowl Research Natural Area (RNA) in the White Mountains of New Hampshire is such a forest. The Bowl RNA and an adjacent area known to have been logged in 1888 were inventoried in 1974 and 1994. The mean basal area of the mixed forest below an elevation of 915 m in the RNA increased from 29 m super(2) ha super(-1) in 1974 to 32 m super(2) ha super(-1) in 1994. There was no significant difference in basal areas of the RNA forest and the adjacent forest cut in 1888, in either the 1974 or 1994 sampling. Beech was the most numerous species in all areas of the Bowl followed by spruce-fir. Yellow birch had the greatest basal area followed by spruce-fir and beech. Results from this study indicate that northern hardwood forests of several hundred hectares can be expected to maintain average basal areas of ca. 30 m super(2) ha super(-1) and above-ground biomass of 150-250 Mg ha super(-1). Comparisons of the Bowl and nearby Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest indicate that, within 100 years following heavy forest cutting, the northern hardwood forest can be expected to regrow to the point where numbers of stems, basal-area, and biomass will be comparable with old-growth forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Martin, C W AU - Bailey, A S AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Campton NH 03223 USA Y1 - 1999/11/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 08 SP - 253 EP - 260 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 123 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Twenty+years+of+change+in+a+northern+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Martin%2C+C+W%3BBailey%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-11-08&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900045-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00045-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of the genetic control of Douglas-fir vascular tissue phytochemicals: Implications for black bear foraging AN - 17375269; 4600657 AB - Silvicultural practices can influence black bear (Ursus americanus) foraging preferences for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) cambial-zone vascular tissues, but little is known about the role of genetics. To study the impact of genetic selection, vascular tissue samples were collected from Douglas-fir trees in six half-sib families from five different sites in north central Oregon. Four replications of three-tree non-contiguous plots were sampled at each site to examine inter- and intra-site variation. Tree growth was measured as tree diameter at breast height and the absolute concentrations of 26 different terpenoids were determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection from ethyl acetate extracts. The simple carbohydrates fructose, glucose, and sucrose, and the phenolic glycoside coniferin were quantified using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Cluster analysis was used to reduce the number of variables used in analyses of variance. Results for the families studied here indicate that tree growth and some terpenoids were under some level of genetic control. Furthermore, allocation of constitutive terpenoids in vascular tissues was not at the expense of tree growth. The sugars present in vascular tissue were affected by environment (site) and genetics (family) and their interaction. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Kimball, BA AU - Johnson, G R AU - Nolte, D L AU - Griffin, D L AD - USDA/APHIS/NWRC, 3350 Eastbrook Drive Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA Y1 - 1999/11/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 08 SP - 245 EP - 251 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 123 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - American black bear KW - Black bear KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Foraging behavior KW - Ursus americanus KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=The+occurrence+and+abundance+of+plants+with+extrafloral+nectaries%2C+the+basis+for+antiherbivore+defensive+mutualisms%2C+along+a+latitudinal+gradient+in+east+Asia&rft.au=Pemberton%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Pemberton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ursus americanus; Foraging behavior; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00042-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of ligninolytic enzymes and synthetic lignin mineralization by the bird's nest fungus Cyathus stercoreus AN - 17389044; 4613347 AB - Production of ligninolytic enzymes and degradation of super( 14)C-ring labeled synthetic lignin by the white-rot fungus Cyathus stercoreus ATCC 36910 were determined under a variety of conditions. The highest mineralization rate for super(14)C dehydrogenative polymerizates (DHP; 38% super(14)CO2 after 30 days) occurred with 1 mM ammonium tartrate as nitrogen source and 1% glucose as additional carbon source, but levels of extracellular laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) were low. In contrast, 10 mM ammonium tartrate with 1% glucose gave low mineralization rates (10% super(14)CO2 after 30 days) but higher levels of laccase and manganese peroxidase. Lignin peroxidase was not produced by C. stercoreus under any of the studied conditions. Mn(II) at 11 ppm gave a higher rate of super(14)C DHP mineralization than 0.3 or 40 ppm, but the highest manganese peroxidase level was obtained with Mn(II) at 40 ppm. Cultivation in aerated static flasks gave rise to higher levels of both laccase and manganese peroxidase compared to the levels in shake cultures. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid at 500 M concentration was the most effective inducer of laccase of those tested. The purified laccase was a monomeric glycoprotein having an apparent molecular mass of 70 kDa, as determined by calibrated gel filtration chromatography. The pH optimum and isoelectric point of the purified laccase were 4.8 and 3.5, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of C. stercoreus laccase showed close homology to the N-terminal sequences determined from other basidiomycete laccases. Information on C. stercoreus, whose habitat and physiological requirements for lignin degradation differ from many other white-rot fungi, expands the possibilities for industrial application of biological systems for lignin degradation and removal in biopulping and biobleaching processes. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Sethuraman, A AU - Akin, DE AU - Eriksson, K L AD - Russell Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA, deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 03 SP - 689 EP - 697 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - lignin KW - ligninolytic enzymes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cyathus stercoreus KW - Mineralization KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17389044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+ligninolytic+enzymes+and+synthetic+lignin+mineralization+by+the+bird%27s+nest+fungus+Cyathus+stercoreus&rft.au=Sethuraman%2C+A%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BEriksson%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Sethuraman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051580 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyathus stercoreus; Mineralization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051580 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Composition of Air, Soil and Vegetation in Forests of the Silesian Beskid Moutains, Poland AN - 858424505; 13726552 AB - For the first time concentrations of trace nitrogenous (N) air pollutants, gaseous nitric acid (HNO sub(3)), nitrous acid (HNO sub(2)), ammonia (NH sub(3)), and fine particulate nitrate (NO sub(3)) and ammonium (NH sub(4)), were measured in the montane forests of southern Poland. Determinations were performed in two forest locations of the Silesian Beskid Mountains in the western range of the Carpathian Mountains, and in an industrial/urban location in Karowice, Poland. The measurements performed in summer 1997 with honeycomb denuder/filter pack systems showed elevated concentrations of the studied pollutants. These findings agree with the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and the results of super(15)N analyses of soil and moss samples. High concentrations of N air pollutants help to explain previously determined high levels of NO sub(3) and NH4 deposition to Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) canopies in these mountains. Ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) were elevated and potentially phytotoxic. Deficiencies of phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in Norway spruce foliage were found while concentrations of other nutrients were normal. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Godzik, S AU - Poth, M AU - Anderson, I AU - Szdzuj, J AU - Tobias, C AU - Macko, S AU - Kubiesa, P AU - Staszewski, T AU - Fenn, M AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Riverside, California, U.S.A Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 141 EP - 150 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 116 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Mountains KW - Europe, Carpathian Mts. KW - Picea abies KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Strategies+that+ruminal+bacteria+use+to+handle+excess+carbohydrate.&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mountains; Picea abies; Europe, Carpathian Mts. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005263028673 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential of soapstock-derived film: Cottonseed and safflower AN - 745973872; 12034366 AB - Oilseed soapstock is seldom used today for the recovery of fatty acids, but it is often added to oilseed meal. The energy value of oilseed meal is marginally increased by the addition of soapstock. To find alternative uses for oilseed by-products, cottonseed and safflower soapstock samples from industrial plants were characterized using American Oil Chemists' Society recommended and modified methods. The characterization included moisture and volatiles, phosphorus and nitrogen, neutral oil, total fatty acid amount and individual fatty acid profile, and total gossypol for cottonseed soapstock samples. The characterization indicated that cottonseed soapstock samples contained a slightly larger amount of neutral oil than safflower. These soapstock samples were frozen to -40°C at 40 mm Hg for more than 8 h, thawed, and the low-boiling compounds were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The freeze-dried soapstocks were mechanically pulverized in an inert atmosphere until able to pass through a 50-mesh screen. When these freeze-dried soapstock particles were rehydrated with deionized water, the formation of a gel phase was observed. Casting of this gel phase onto a substrate and subsequent drying without heating resulted in a thin film, a liposomelike material, with a uniform thickness of about 0.01'. The lamination capability of freeze-dried oilseed soapstocks by rehydration may be attributed to the formation of multiple bilayer lamellae by phospholipids from the oilseed soapstock. Due to its biodegradable nature, the use of soapstock-derived film as a composite or by itself as an encapsulating agent is highly attractive. The potential of this liposome-like material as a chemical carrier is discussed. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Kuk, M S AU - Ballew, A G AD - SRRC, ARS, USDA, P.O. Box 19687, 70179 New Orleans, LA, mskuk@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1387 EP - 1392 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 76 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Rehydration KW - Evaporation KW - Allelochemicals KW - Phosphorus KW - Lamellae KW - Drying KW - Biodegradability KW - Atmosphere KW - Lamination KW - Gossypol KW - Oil KW - Fatty acids KW - Pressure KW - Energy value KW - Phospholipids KW - Nitrogen KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745973872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=The+potential+of+soapstock-derived+film%3A+Cottonseed+and+safflower&rft.au=Kuk%2C+M+S%3BBallew%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Kuk&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-999-0155-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rehydration; Evaporation; Allelochemicals; Phosphorus; Drying; Lamellae; Lamination; Atmosphere; Biodegradability; Gossypol; Oil; Fatty acids; Pressure; Nitrogen; Phospholipids; Energy value DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0155-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditioned food aversions: principles and practices, with special reference to social facilitation. AN - 69474668; 10817148 AB - Conditioned food aversion is a powerful experimental tool to modify animal diets. We have also investigated it as a potential management tool to prevent livestock from grazing poisonous plants such as tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi), white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) on western US rangelands. The following principles pertain to increasing the strength and longevity of aversions: mature animals retain aversions better than young animals; novelty of the plant is important, although aversions can be created to familiar plants; LiCl is the most effective emetic, and the optimum dose for cattle is 200 mg/kg body weight; averted animals should be grazed separately from non-averted animals to avoid the influence of social facilitation which can rapidly extinguish aversions. Social facilitation is the most important factor preventing widespread application of aversive conditioning. When averted animals see other animals eat the target food they will sample it, and if there is no adverse reaction they will continue eating and extinguish the aversion. However, if averted animals can be grazed separately, aversions will persist. Aversive conditioning may provide an effective management tool to prevent animals from eating palatable poisonous plants that cause major economic loss. JF - The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Provenza, F D AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 813 EP - 820 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0029-6651, 0029-6651 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animal Feed KW - Aversive Therapy KW - Food Preferences KW - Conditioning (Psychology) KW - Social Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69474668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Proceedings+of+the+Nutrition+Society&rft.atitle=Conditioned+food+aversions%3A+principles+and+practices%2C+with+special+reference+to+social+facilitation.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BProvenza%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Proceedings+of+the+Nutrition+Society&rft.issn=00296651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-08 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis by phenolic compounds. AN - 69430601; 10664967 AB - The phenolic compounds acetosyringone, syringaldehyde and sinapinic acid inhibited the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by A. flavus. Acetosyringone was the most active among the three compounds, inhibiting aflatoxin level by 82% at 2 m moll-1. The synthesis and accumulation of norsolorinic acid, an aflatoxin biosynthetic intermediate, was also inhibited. These results suggest that at least one step early in the AFB1 biosynthetic pathway is inhibited by the phenolics. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Hua, S S AU - Grosjean, O K AU - Baker, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, C.A. 94710, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 289 EP - 291 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Acetophenones KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - Anthraquinones KW - Benzaldehydes KW - Coumaric Acids KW - syringaldehyde KW - 134-96-3 KW - norsolorinic acid KW - 78371-59-2 KW - acetosyringone KW - 866P45Y84S KW - sinapinic acid KW - P0I60993EC KW - Index Medicus KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Acetophenones -- pharmacology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Benzaldehydes -- pharmacology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Coumaric Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69430601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+by+phenolic+compounds.&rft.au=Hua%2C+S+S%3BGrosjean%2C+O+K%3BBaker%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hua&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzyme activities among pestiferous blattodea. AN - 69425149; 10661713 AB - Topical bioassays using propoxur, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin were conducted on eight cockroach species. Based on lethal dose values, the relative toxicities of the insecticide classes were generally pyrethroid > carbamate > organophosphorous. Lambda-Cyhalothrin and propoxur were more toxic toward the Blattidae as compared with the Blattellidae. The order of lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity was Periplaneta americana > Periplaneta brunnea = Periplaneta australasiae = Periplaneta fuliginosa = Blatta orientalis > Blattella asahinai = Blattella germanica > Blattella vaga. The order of propoxur toxicity was B. orientalis > P. americana > P. brunnea = P. australasiae > B. asahinai > P. fuliginosa = B. germanica > B. vaga. The order of chlorpyrifos toxicity was P. americana > B. asahinai = B. vaga > B. orientalis = P. australasiae = P. brunnea > B. germanica = P. fuliginosa. Detoxification enzyme activities for each species also were measured and compared with insecticide toxicity. Propoxur LD50 was significantly (P = 0.01; r = 0.81) correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity. Lambda-Cyhalothrin LD50 correlated with methoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity (P = 0.01; r = 0.81), carboxylesterase activity (P = 0.03; r = - 0.75), general esterase activity (P = 0.02; r = - 0.79), and cockroach weight (P = 0.01; r = -0.95). JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology AU - Valles, S M AU - Koehler, P G AU - Brenner, R J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 227 EP - 232 VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 1367-8280, 1367-8280 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Propoxur KW - BFH029TL73 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Propoxur -- pharmacology KW - Propoxur -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cockroaches -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cockroaches -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Cockroaches -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69425149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+C%2C+Pharmacology%2C+toxicology+%26+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Comparative+insecticide+susceptibility+and+detoxification+enzyme+activities+among+pestiferous+blattodea.&rft.au=Valles%2C+S+M%3BKoehler%2C+P+G%3BBrenner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+C%2C+Pharmacology%2C+toxicology+%26+endocrinology&rft.issn=13678280&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of chloramphenicol from whole eggs by supercritical fluid extraction with in-line collection. AN - 69341684; 10589485 AB - Egg consumption, at more than 65 billion per year in the United States, represents a potentially significant source of exposure to drug residues, particularly if the laying hens are treated with antimicrobial compounds or fed a diet containing medicated feed. Residues resulting from the use of chloramphenicol (CAP) is especially problematic if this compound is not used in accordance with national registration, e.g., for the control of Salmonella microorganisms in poultry. The most commonly used methods for the determination of CAP in biological samples require the use of large amounts of organic solvent. As a result, a less solvent intensive supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for CAP in whole chicken eggs, and the results were compared with those for a solvent extraction procedure. In the SFE method, the egg sample is extracted with supercritical CO2 (without a modifier) at 10,000 psi (680 bar), 80 degrees C, and an expanded gas flow rate of 3.0 L/min to a total volume of 150 L. The CAP is trapped in-line on a Florisil sorbent bed. The CAP is eluted post-SFE by using the liquid chromatographic mobile phase solvent (water-methanol), and determined on a C8 column with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. Recovery from eggs fortified at the 10 ppb level (n = 6) was 81.2 +/- 4.3%. To obtain eggs containing incurred CAP, hens were given a single daily dose of 75 mg CAP (orally by gelatin capsule) for 2 consecutive days, and the eggs were collected over a 12-day period. The mean value for "normally incurred" CAP in the eggs (n = 17) analyzed by SFE ranged from none detected to 174.5 ppb, with an overall mean of 60.5 ppb, compared with a mean of 60.4 ppb for the solvent extraction method. No significant difference in results was found between methods. However, the SFE method is more rapid, uses less solvent, and gives recoveries similar to those for the solvent extraction method, making it ideal for regulatory monitoring. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AU - Donoghue, D J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1334 EP - 1339 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Solvents KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chickens KW - Female KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Chloramphenicol -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Drug Residues -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69341684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+chloramphenicol+from+whole+eggs+by+supercritical+fluid+extraction+with+in-line+collection.&rft.au=Pensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Pensabene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenite uptake and metabolism by rat hepatocyte primary cultures in comparison with kidney- and hepatocyte-derived rat cell lines. AN - 69281179; 10568694 AB - Biotransformation by methylation to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) influences inorganic arsenical toxicity, which is often investigated in cultured cells. Arsenic (III) uptake and methylation was assessed in rat hepatocytes in primary culture and in three established rat cell lines (hepatoma-derived McA-RH 7777 cells and H4-II-EC-3 cells, and kidney epithelium-derived NRK-52E cells) to compare their use as model systems for arsenite metabolism. Incubation of all cell types with 0.27, 0.67, 1.33, 2.67, or 6.67 microM As(III) concentrations resulted in concentration-dependent arsenic uptake and biomethylation. Arsenic uptake by the NRK-52E cells was initially slower than that of the other cells, but by 8 h, total uptake was similar in all cell types. At the lowest arsenite concentration, the percentages of total arsenic methylated to MMA and DMA by the hepatocytes and the McA-RH 7777 cells were similar (67 and 66%); methylation by the H4-II-EC-3 cells was somewhat lower (52%), and methylation by the kidney-derived NRK-52E cells was much lower (15%). Total arsenic methylation was inhibited in the cell lines, but not in the hepatocytes, at the highest arsenite concentrations. In all cases, exposure to increased arsenite concentrations inhibited conversion of MMA to DMA much more than it affected the initial methylation step (inorganic arsenite to MMA). These results indicate that rat hepatocytes in primary culture and established rat hepatoma-derived cell lines are similar in their abilities to accumulate and methylate arsenic to MMA and DMA at environmentally relevant arsenic concentrations in the medium. They differed from the kidney epithelium-derived cells, which exhibited substantially lower biomethylation activity. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Tatum, F M AU - Hood, R D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 20 EP - 25 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Arsenites KW - 0 KW - arsenite KW - N5509X556J KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Methylation KW - Male KW - Cell Line KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Arsenites -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69281179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Arsenite+uptake+and+metabolism+by+rat+hepatocyte+primary+cultures+in+comparison+with+kidney-+and+hepatocyte-derived+rat+cell+lines.&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BHood%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of long-term feeding of diets containing moniliformin, supplied by Fusarium fujikuroi culture material, and fumonisin, supplied by Fusarium moniliforme culture material, to laying hens. AN - 69272589; 10560820 AB - Beginning at 24 wk of age, control diets or diets containing 50 or 100 mg/kg moniliformin (M), 100 or 200 mg/kg fumonisin B1 (FB1), or a combination of 50 mg M and 100 mg FB1/kg of diet were fed to White Leghorn laying hens for 420 d. The hens were then fed the control diet for an additional 60 d. At the beginning of the experiment, each treatment consisted of four replicates of six hens. Egg production was reduced by approximately 50% by the end of the second 28-d laying period and remained at approximately this level for the 420 d in only the hens fed the diet containing 100 mg M/kg feed. Production returned to control levels or above within 60 d after hens were fed the control diet. Egg weights were reduced by the 100-mg M diet during the first three 28-d laying periods before returning to weights comparable with controls. The hens in this group also had significantly lower body weights than the other treatments. Mortality was minimal except in hens fed the 100 mg M/kg diet and the 100 mg FB1/kg diet, on which approximately 20% of the hens died. The hens were artificially inseminated with semen from males fed control diets, and fertility was not affected by the dietary treatments. Importantly, toxic synergy between M and FB1 was not observed for any of the parameters measured. Results indicate that laying hens may be able to tolerate relatively high concentrations of M and FB1 for long periods of time without adversely affecting health and performance. Interestingly, hens fed the 100-mg M/kg diet were able to recover when returned to control diets. The likelihood of encountering M or FB1 at these concentrations in finished feed is small. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Bailey, R H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. kubena@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1499 EP - 1505 VL - 78 IS - 11 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Fertility KW - Animal Feed KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Synergism KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Cyclobutanes -- administration & dosage KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69272589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+long-term+feeding+of+diets+containing+moniliformin%2C+supplied+by+Fusarium+fujikuroi+culture+material%2C+and+fumonisin%2C+supplied+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+culture+material%2C+to+laying+hens.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BBailey%2C+R+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, oxygen sensitivity, and virulence of NADH oxidase mutants of the anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, etiologic agent of swine dysentery. AN - 69228689; 10543819 AB - Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, uses the enzyme NADH oxidase to consume oxygen. To investigate possible roles for NADH oxidase in the growth and virulence of this anaerobic spirochete, mutant strains deficient in oxidase activity were isolated and characterized. The cloned NADH oxidase gene (nox; GenBank accession no. U19610) on plasmid pER218 was inactivated by replacing 321 bp of coding sequence with either a gene for chloramphenicol resistance (cat) or a gene for kanamycin resistance (kan). The resulting plasmids, respectively, pCmDeltaNOX and pKmDeltaNOX, were used to transform wild-type B. hyodysenteriae B204 cells and generate the antibiotic-resistant strains Nox-Cm and Nox-Km. PCR and Southern hybridization analyses indicated that the chromosomal wild-type nox genes in these strains had been replaced, through allelic exchange, by the inactivated nox gene containing cat or kan. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analysis revealed that both nox mutant cell lysates were missing the 48-kDa Nox protein. Soluble NADH oxidase activity levels in cell lysates of Nox-Cm and Nox-Km were reduced 92 to 96% compared to the activity level in parent strain B204. In an aerotolerance test, cells of both nox mutants were at least 100-fold more sensitive to oxygen exposure than were cells of the wild-type parent strain B204. In swine experimental infections, both nox mutants were less virulent than strain B204 in that fewer animals were colonized by the mutant cells and infected animals displayed mild, transient signs of disease, with no deaths. These results provide evidence that NADH oxidase serves to protect B. hyodysenteriae cells against oxygen toxicity and that the enzyme, in that role, contributes to the pathogenic ability of the spirochete. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Stanton, T B AU - Rosey, E L AU - Kennedy, M J AU - Jensen, N S AU - Bosworth, B T AD - National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 5028 EP - 5034 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - NADH oxidase KW - EC 1.6.- KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.28 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Spirochaetales Infections -- physiopathology KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Swine Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Swine Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mutagenesis KW - Virulence KW - Chloramphenicol -- pharmacology KW - Spirochaetales Infections -- veterinary KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- genetics KW - Kanamycin Resistance -- genetics KW - Dysentery -- veterinary KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- pharmacology KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Dysentery -- microbiology KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics KW - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae -- physiology KW - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae -- pathogenicity KW - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69228689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+oxygen+sensitivity%2C+and+virulence+of+NADH+oxidase+mutants+of+the+anaerobic+spirochete+Brachyspira+%28Serpulina%29+hyodysenteriae%2C+etiologic+agent+of+swine+dysentery.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BRosey%2C+E+L%3BKennedy%2C+M+J%3BJensen%2C+N+S%3BBosworth%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5028&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Microbiol. 1980 Apr;125(3):209-14 [7377904] Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo). 1979 Fall;19(3):83-90 [522890] J Gen Microbiol. 1984 Jul;130(7):1819-26 [6432951] J Biochem. 1985 May;97(5):1279-88 [4030723] Eur J Biochem. 1986 Apr 1;156(1):149-55 [3082630] Infect Immun. 1987 Feb;55(2):304-8 [3804437] Vet Microbiol. 1988 Oct;18(2):177-90 [3218078] Arch Microbiol. 1989;151(2):95-100 [2719528] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2365-71 [2802610] J Bacteriol. 1991 Oct;173(19):5992-8 [1655695] Biochem J. 1992 Jun 1;284 ( Pt 2):551-5 [1599437] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 Apr 1;71(1):109-13 [1624107] J Mol Biol. 1992 Oct 5;227(3):658-71 [1404382] Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1992 Oct;7(5):309-14 [1494456] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1992 Nov;62(4):291-7 [1285646] J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(10):2980-7 [8491717] Vet Microbiol. 1993 Apr;34(4):389-96 [8506612] J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Oct;139(10):2343-51 [8254304] Infect Immun. 1994 Jun;62(6):2244-8 [8188345] Infect Immun. 1994 Sep;62(9):4095-9 [8063433] J Bacteriol. 1995 Oct;177(20):5959-70 [7592350] Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1996 Jan;46(1):206-15 [8573497] Vet Microbiol. 1996 Mar;49(1-2):21-30 [8861640] Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 1996 Feb;23 ( Pt 1):47-54 [8867896] Infect Immun. 1996 Oct;64(10):4154-62 [8926083] Eur J Biochem. 1996 Oct 1;241(1):155-61 [8898901] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Mar;39(3):347-53 [9096184] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1997;23(4):269-354 [9439886] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Feb 13;243(2):412-5 [9480823] J Bacteriol. 1959 Apr;77(4):383-92 [13641200] J Gen Microbiol. 1971 Nov;68(3):307-18 [4332793] Infect Immun. 1974 Jan;9(1):167-78 [4587383] J Clin Microbiol. 1976 Jul;4(1):57-60 [134043] Arch Microbiol. 1984 May;138(1):44-8 [6742956] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction of lipid-grown bacterial cells by supercritical fluid and organic solvent to obtain pure medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates AN - 21322032; 12034363 AB - A simple two-step process was developed to extract and purify medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHA) from bacterial cells (Pseudomonas resinovorans) grown on lard and tallow. The process consists of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the lyophilized cells with carbon dioxide to remove lipid impurities, followed by chloroform extraction of the cells to recover the MCL-PHA. SFE conditions were varied as to temperature (40--100°C), pressure (2000--9000 psi), and carbon dioxide flow rate (0.5--1.5 L/min, expanded gas). Lipid material, usually 2--4%, but in some cases as high as 11%, was extracted from the dried cells by SFE. A pressure range (5000--9000 psi, increased stepwise), a temperature of 60°C, and a carbon dioxide flow of 1.5 L/min were routinely used to extract the bacterial cells (4--5 g) after 3 h. Higher flow rates could shorten the extraction time even more. SFE did not extract MCL-PHA from the cells. Yield of MCL-PHA after chloroform extraction at room temperature was a maximum of 42.4% based on dry cell weight. The results show that the two-step process saves time, uses much less organic solvent, and produces a purer MCL-PHA biopolymer than previous extraction and purification methods. A more environmentally friendly clean-up procedure based on SFE and organic solvent recovery was developed to remove contaminating lipid materials from the fermentation biomass, allowing for the recovery of higher purity MCL-PHA that are suitable for more demanding applications. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hampson, J W AU - Ashby, R D AD - USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, 19038-8598 Wyndmoor, PA, rashby@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1371 EP - 1374 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 76 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacteria KW - Fermentation KW - Lipids KW - Impurities KW - Biopolymers KW - Solvents KW - Pseudomonas KW - Biomass KW - Oil KW - Chloroform KW - Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid KW - Purification KW - Pressure KW - Carbon dioxide KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21322032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=DNA+Hybridization+Probe+for+Endoparasitism+by+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Greenstone%2C+M+H%3BEdwards%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Greenstone&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Fermentation; Lipids; Impurities; Solvents; Biopolymers; Biomass; Oil; Chloroform; Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid; Purification; Carbon dioxide; Pressure; Bacteria; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0152-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic transformation and mutagenesis of the entomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 1859311669; 10534416 AB - We have developed a DNA-mediated transformation system for the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus based on resistance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. The resistance is provided by the bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and is under the control of the Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter and terminator sequences. Frequencies of up to 110 transformants/&mgr;g of linearized plasmid DNA were obtained aided by the addition of the nuclease inhibitor, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). The transformants were stable for drug resistance for five consecutive vegetative transfers under selective and nonselective conditions. Southern analyses revealed that the transforming DNA integrated into the P. fumosoroseus genome in single and multiple copies. Single-copy integration events were generated with higher efficiency by restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI), although rates of transformation were generally not as high as those treatments containing ATA. Two mutant strains altered in sporulation capacity and virulence toward the Russian wheat aphid were recovered using this approach. This transformation-based manipulation of P. fumosoroseus will facilitate insertional mutagenesis and the functional analysis of various genes. JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - Cantone AU - Vandenberg AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 281 EP - 288 VL - 74 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859311669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.atitle=Genetic+transformation+and+mutagenesis+of+the+entomopathogenic+fungus+paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Cantone%3BVandenberg&rft.aulast=Cantone&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.issn=1096-0805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1999-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans on red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis reproductive success AN - 17770223; 4830048 AB - Anecdotal data gathered from many populations suggest that southern flying squirrel (SFS, Glaucomys volans) use of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker's (RCW, Picoides borealis) nest and roost cavities may negatively affect RCW populations. We conducted a controlled experiment to determine the effects of SFSs on RCW reproductive success. During the 1994 and 1995 breeding seasons, SFSs were removed from 30 RCW clusters and 32 clusters served as controls. SFSs were the most frequently encountered occupants of RCW cavities and used 20-33% of RCW cavities in control and treatment clusters over both years. Treatment groups produced significantly more successful nests ([greater-than-or-equal] 1 fledgling) than control groups in 1994. In 1995 however, there was no difference in the number of successful nests. In both years, RCW groups nesting in treatment clusters produced significantly more fledglings than groups in control clusters in each of four experimental areas, averaging approximately 0.7 additional fledglings per nesting group. Loss of entire clutches or broods, possibly as a result of predation or abandonment, was a major factor limiting reproduction in control groups in 1994. In contrast, differences in partial brood loss appeared to be the cause of differential fledging success in 1995. Usurpation of RCW roost cavities by SFSs may have placed greater energetic demands on RCWs for cavity defence or thermoregulation, thus reducing energy available for reproduction. Our results show that SFS use of RCW cavities during the breeding season has a significant impact on RCWs and that management of RCW populations should include activities that either minimize SFS populations in RCW clusters or limit access of SFSs to RCW cavities. JF - Animal Conservation AU - Laves, K S AU - Loeb, S C AD - USDA Forest Service, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, 870 Emerald Bay Road, Suite 1, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150, USA, klaves/r5_ltbmu@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 295 EP - 303 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1367-9430, 1367-9430 KW - Southern flying squirrel KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - Nests KW - Glaucomys volans KW - Endangered species KW - Reproduction KW - Roosts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Conservation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+southern+flying+squirrels+Glaucomys+volans+on+red-cockaded+woodpecker+Picoides+borealis+reproductive+success&rft.au=Laves%2C+K+S%3BLoeb%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Laves&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Conservation&rft.issn=13679430&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS1367943099000633 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys volans; Picoides borealis; Reproduction; Endangered species; Nests; Roosts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943099000633 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Overview on applications for bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins AN - 17591466; 4706610 AB - Improvements in the production, manufacture, and/or storage of foods by both the food industry and the consumer have significantly diminished, but not eliminated, the likelihood of food-related illness and product spoilage. Several highly publicized and very costly outbreaks and recalls due to contamination of foods with pathogenic bacteria have resulted in greater awareness of food safety for consumers, producers, processors, and regulators. In the United States alone, food borne illness is responsible for about 9,000 deaths each year, with yearly incidences ranging from 24 to 81 million cases and yearly costs ranging from about $5 to $25 billion. In Europe, morbidity from food borne illness is second only to respiratory diseases, with estimates of 50,000 to 300,000 cases of acute gastro-enteritis per million population per year. Coupled with an enhanced awareness of food safety, more interest and research has also been directed toward developing alternatives to antibiotics in animal feeds, particularly throughout Europe. As an alternative to antibiotics, information about the contributions of the LAB to animal health and feed safety are the subject of much debate due, in part, to a paucity of scientifically-controlled studies, particularly studies evaluating their performance in feeds. For these reasons, there remains a critical need to develop, implement, and optimize strategies to better control undesirable microbes in foods both pre- and post-harvest, as well as in animals targeted for human consumption. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Luchansky, J B Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 335 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 76 IS - 1-4 KW - Europe KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mortality KW - Bacteriocins KW - Food industry KW - Lactic acid bacteria KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Food spoilage KW - USA KW - Storage conditions KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - J 02787:Peptide and protein antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Overview+on+applications+for+bacteriocin-producing+lactic+acid+bacteria+and+their+bacteriocins&rft.au=Luchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Luchansky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and optimization of DNA extraction and purification procedures for soil and sediment samples AN - 17581091; 4640705 AB - We compared and statistically evaluated the effectiveness of nine DNA extraction procedures by using frozen and dried samples of two silt loam soils and a silt loam wetland sediment with different organic matter contents. The effects of different chemical extractants (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], chloroform, phenol, Chelex 100, and guanadinium isothiocyanate), different physical disruption methods (bead mill homogenization and freeze-thaw lysis), and lysozyme digestion were evaluated based on the yield and molecular size of the recovered DNA. Pairwise comparisons of the nine extraction procedures revealed that bead mill homogenization with SDS combined with either chloroform or phenol optimized both the amount of DNA extracted and the molecular size of the DNA (maximum size, 16 to 20 kb). Neither lysozyme digestion before SDS treatment nor guanidine isothiocyanate treatment nor addition of Chelex 100 resin improved the DNA yields. Bead mill homogenization in a lysis mixture containing chloroform, SDS, NaCl, and phosphate-Tris buffer (pH 8) was found to be the best physical lysis technique when DNA yield and cell lysis efficiency were used as criteria. The bead mill homogenization conditions were also optimized for speed and duration with two different homogenizers. Recovery of high-molecular-weight DNA was greatest when we used lower speeds and shorter times (30 to 120 s). We evaluated four different DNA purification methods (silica-based DNA binding, agarose gel electrophoresis, ammonium acetate precipitation, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration) for DNA recovery and removal of PCR inhibitors from crude extracts. Sephadex G-200 spin column purification was found to be the best method for removing PCR-inhibiting substances while minimizing DNA loss during purification. Our results indicate that for these types of samples, optimum DNA recovery requires brief, low-speed bead mill homogenization in the presence of a phosphate-buffered SDS-chloroform mixture, followed by Sephadex G-200 column purification. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Miller, D N AU - Bryant, JE AU - Madsen, EL AU - Ghiorse, W C AD - Meat Animal Research Center, USDA ARS, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, miller@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 4715 EP - 4724 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA extraction KW - DNA extraction and purification KW - Sephadex KW - bead mill KW - microorganisms KW - Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Separation processes KW - Phenols KW - Sediments KW - Sediment analysis KW - Gels KW - Chloroform KW - Analytical techniques KW - Soils KW - DNA KW - Wetlands KW - Chemical extraction KW - Soils (loam) KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+optimization+of+DNA+extraction+and+purification+procedures+for+soil+and+sediment+samples&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+N%3BBryant%2C+JE%3BMadsen%2C+EL%3BGhiorse%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soils; Analytical techniques; DNA; Separation processes; Chemical extraction; Sediment analysis; Gels; Chloroform; Wetlands; Soils (loam); Sediments; Phenols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichoderma viride Suppresses Fumonisin B sub(1) Production by Fusarium moniliforme AN - 17499211; 4684667 AB - Biocontrol activity against Fusarium moniliforme was analyzed for a Trichoderma viride strain isolated from root segments of corn plants grown in Piedmont Georgia. The isolate suppressed radial extension of F. moniliforme colonies during cocultivation on potato dextrose agar and fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) production during incubation of both fungi on corn kernels. T. viride decreased radial extension of F. moniliforme by 46% after 6 days and by 90% after 14 days. Furthermore, the colony diameter of F. moniliforme was less at 14 days than at 5 days, suggesting that F. moniliforme mycelia were undergoing lysis. FB sub(1) production by F. moniliforme on corn kernels decreased by 85% when both organisms were inoculated the same day onto corn kernels and by 72% when inoculation of T. viride was delayed by 7 days after F. moniliforme inoculation. These results are the first to demonstrate that T. viride can suppress FB sub(1) production by F. moniliforme, thereby functioning to control mycotoxin production. Thus, this isolate may be useful in biological control to inhibit F. moniliforme growth as a preharvest agent to prevent disease during plant development and/or as a postharvest agent during seed storage to suppress FB sub(1) accumulation when kernels are dried inadequately. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Yates, I E AU - Meredith, F AU - Smart, W AU - Bacon, C W AU - Jaworski, A J AD - Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA, iyates@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1326 EP - 1332 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Mycotoxins KW - Fumonisin B1 KW - Trichoderma viride KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Trichoderma+viride+Suppresses+Fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+Production+by+Fusarium+moniliforme&rft.au=Yates%2C+I+E%3BMeredith%2C+F%3BSmart%2C+W%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BJaworski%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoderma viride; Fusarium moniliforme; Fumonisin B1; Mycotoxins; Biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thin Agar Layer Method for Recovery of Heat-Injured Listeria monocytogenes AN - 17498233; 4684671 AB - A thin agar layer (TAL) method was developed to recover heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes. Modified Oxford medium (MOX), a selective plating medium, inhibits heat-injured L. monocytogenes from growing, whereas tryptic soy agar (TSA), a nonselective medium, does not. In order to facilitate recovery of heat-injured L. monocytogenes cells while providing selectivity of isolation of L. monocytogenes from other bacteria in the sample, a unique TAL procedure was developed by overlaying 5 ml of nonselective medium (TSA) onto prepoured and solidified MOX medium in an 8.5-cm-diameter petri dish. The injured L. monocytogenes repaired and started to grow in the TSA during the first few hours after incubation of the plate. During the resuscitation of injured cells, the selective agents from MOX diffused to the TSA top layer to inhibit other microorganisms. L. monocytogenes showed a typical reaction (black colonies) on TAL after 24 h of incubation at 37 degree C. The recovery rate for heat-injured L. monocytogenes with the TAL method was compared with those rates associated with TSA, MOX, and the traditional overlay method (OV; pouring selective agar on top of resuscitated cells on TSA agar after 3 h incubation). Milk and 0.1% peptone water that were inoculated with L. monocytogenes (4 to 5 log CFU/ml) were heated for 15 min at 55 degree C. L. monocytogenes was enumerated on TSA, MOX, OV, and TAL media and procedures. No significant difference occurred among TSA, OV, and TAL (P > 0.05) in terms of enumeration of heat-injured L. monocytogenes, but these media recovered significantly higher numbers than did MOX agar (P < 0.05) - in both samples. The TAL method involves only one step, whereas OV is a more cumbersome two-step procedure. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kang, Dong-Hyun AU - Fung, DYC AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, kang@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1346 EP - 1349 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - assays KW - thin agar layer method KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Heat treatments KW - Food contamination KW - Media (isolation) KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17498233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thin+Agar+Layer+Method+for+Recovery+of+Heat-Injured+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Kang%2C+Dong-Hyun%3BFung%2C+DYC&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Dong-Hyun&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Food contamination; Media (isolation); Heat treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal foraging and risk of predation: Effects on behavior and social structure in ungulates AN - 17485812; 4682198 AB - Optimal foraging theory predicts that animals will either attempt to maximize energy gained or minimize time spent to obtain a fixed amount of energy. A time-minimizing approach implies that an animal is attempting to maximize time spent in other behaviors such as reproduction or to minimize its exposure to temperature extremes, predators, or some other factor in the environment while foraging. Indeed, many ungulates must balance the need to obtain sufficient energy and other nutrients required for maintenance, growth, and reproduction while avoiding predation. Adopting social behavior that results in the formation of herds confers several advantages to the individual because of the difficulty a predator has in approaching large groups, or in capturing individuals in the confusion caused by a fleeing herd. Such behavior is often seen in ungulates occurring in open habitats where coursing predators are common. The problem becomes more acute, however, for ungulates living in closed habitats year-round, where predators commonly hunt by stealth, or for those sex and age classes such as females with young that exhibit solitary behavior. Such species or sex and age classes would be expected to exhibit a time-minimizing strategy at least seasonally. Use of linear-programming models of dietary choice have been successful in predicting classes of forages consumed by ungulates and other generalist herbivores and indicate that they often follow an energy-maximization strategy. Nonetheless, overwhelming evidence indicates that ungulates modify their behavior in the presence of predators. I suggest that decisions about when and how to forage are being made at different scales, and these differences may account for observed discrepancies between models and empirical evidence. Finally, new analytical techniques such as stochastic dynamic programming may allow development of more realistic models of foraging behavior and may better incorporate observed behaviors in ungulates. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Kie, J G AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1114 EP - 1129 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Odd-toed ungulates KW - Cloven-hoofed ungulates KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Perissodactyla KW - Foraging behavior KW - Predation KW - Artiodactyla KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17485812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Optimal+foraging+and+risk+of+predation%3A+Effects+on+behavior+and+social+structure+in+ungulates&rft.au=Kie%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Kie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Perissodactyla; Artiodactyla; Foraging behavior; Predation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship of Douglas-fir Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) to Stand Conditions and Plant Associations in the Southern Cascade Mountains, Oregon AN - 17456413; 4662162 AB - Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) is a parasitic plant widely distributed on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in southwestern Oregon. This study examined the relationship of frequency of occurrence and severity of Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe with stand conditions and plant associations in the southern Cascade Mountains in Oregon. Data were collected from a subsample of existing permanent plots. Fifteen stand variables and the level of dwarf mistletoe infection in all live Douglas-fir were measured at each plot. Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe occurred most frequently in the white fir (Abies concolor) series. It occurred least in the Douglas-fir series. It occurred in plots at significantly higher elevations, with lower mean annual temperatures and lower mean annual and dry season precipitation than plots where it was absent. Occurrence of Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe was also significantly associated with steeper slopes, andesite and basalt soil parent materials, lower basal area, and lower percentage of Douglas-fir in the stand. The average plot Dwarf Mistletoe Rating did not differ significantly among climax series. Average plot Dwarf Mistletoe Rating did increase significantly as total basal area decreased and age of the oldest canopy layer increased. Our study suggests that climax series could be used as indicators of the relative frequency of Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe in the southern Cascade Mountains in Oregon. JF - Northwest Science AU - Marshall, K AU - Filip, G M AD - USDA Forest Service, Southwest Oregon Forest Insect and Disease Service Center, 2606 Old Stage Road, Central Point, Oregon 97502, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 301 EP - 311 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Arceuthobium douglasii KW - Community composition KW - Montane environments KW - Ecological distribution KW - Habitat preferences KW - Host plants KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+of+Douglas-fir+Dwarf+Mistletoe+%28Arceuthobium+douglasii%29+to+Stand+Conditions+and+Plant+Associations+in+the+Southern+Cascade+Mountains%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Marshall%2C+K%3BFilip%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arceuthobium douglasii; Ecological distribution; Habitat preferences; Host plants; Community composition; Montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microscale Patterns of Tree Establishment near Upper Treeline, Snowy Range, Wyoming, U.S.A. AN - 17448865; 4657097 AB - We report tree seedling (mostly Picea engelmannii, some Abies lasiocarpa, very infrequent Pinus contorta) invasion into meadows at upper timberline in the Snowy Range, Wyoming, from 1994 to 1996. We used gradient analysis to relate this to environmental patterns, particularly plant community structure (as aggregates of plant life-forms) and persistence of snowpack in 1995 and 1996. Tree seedlings established best at sites where snow melted earliest; the site with the shortest growing season had fewest seedlings. Microsites dominated by vascular plants admitted few or no seedlings; seedlings were most likely to be found where cryptogams dominated. These findings have implications for forest advance under some climate scenarios and successional hypotheses. JF - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research AU - Moir, W H AU - Rochelle, S G AU - Schoettle, A W AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 South Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA, whmoir@infomagic.com Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 379 EP - 388 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1523-0430, 1523-0430 KW - Engelmann spruce KW - Rocky mountain fir KW - Lodgepole pine KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Treeline KW - Pinus contorta KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Picea engelmannii KW - Abies lasiocarpa KW - D 04150:High altitude environments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17448865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-cockaded+Woodpecker+cavity+tree+resin+avoidance+by+southern+flying+squirrels&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea engelmannii; Abies lasiocarpa; Pinus contorta; Vegetation patterns; Treeline ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Encroachment of Exotic Herbaceous Plants into the Olympic National Forest AN - 17446939; 4662158 AB - A floral survey in the Olympic National Forest and its surroundings revealed that a considerable number of introduced ruderal plant species have made deep inroads into the stands of native flora. Some of them, which are mainly of European and Asian origin, have been planted deliberately to stabilize the soil along roadsides and after clear cutting and burning. However, they have already established reproductive communities that are capable of spreading rapidly without additional human help, as they have already done in almost all regions of the earth subject to a temperate climate. Plotting the data from the Geographical Information System, it was shown that 12% of an area totaling 388 km super(2), located mainly in the Olympic National Forest, was occupied totally or in large part by this mainly ruderal flora, which accounted for at least 50% and usually nearly 100% of all plants within the area on which they occurred. This represents a major qualitative and quantitative biogeographical alteration in the regional flora of a national forest generally considered to be only slightly affected by human activity. JF - Northwest Science AU - Heckman, C W AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, Washington 98512, USA, cwheckman@hotmail.com Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 264 EP - 276 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Invasiveness KW - Ecological distribution KW - Forests KW - Introduced species KW - Herbs KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17446939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=The+Encroachment+of+Exotic+Herbaceous+Plants+into+the+Olympic+National+Forest&rft.au=Heckman%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Heckman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests; Herbs; Introduced species; Ecological distribution; Invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems AN - 17440259; 4650145 AB - Natural resource managers have used natural variability concepts since the early 1960s and are increasingly relying on these concepts to maintain biological diversity, to restore ecosystems that have been severely altered, and as benchmarks for assessing anthropogenic change. Management use of natural variability relies on two concepts: that past conditions and processes provide context and guidance for managing ecological systems today, and that disturbance-driven spatial and temporal variability is a vital attribute of nearly all ecological systems. We review the use of these concepts for managing ecological systems and landscapes. We conclude that natural variability concepts provide a framework for improved understanding of ecological systems and the changes occurring in these systems, as well as for evaluating the consequences of proposed management actions. Understanding the history of ecological systems (their past composition and structure, their spatial and temporal variability, and the principal processes that influenced them) helps managers set goals that are more likely to maintain and protect ecological systems and meet the social values desired for an area. Until we significantly improve our understanding of ecological systems, this knowledge of past ecosystem functioning is also one of the best means for predicting impacts to ecological systems today. These concepts can also be misused. No a priori time period or spatial extent should be used in defining natural variability. Specific goals, site-specific field data, inferences derived from data collected elsewhere, simulation models, and explicitly stated value judgment all must drive selection of the relevant time period and spatial extent used in defining natural variability. Natural variability concepts offer an opportunity and a challenge for ecologists to provide relevant information and to collaborate with managers to improve the management of ecological systems. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Landres, P B AU - Morgan, P AU - Swanson, F J AD - USDA Forest Service, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, Montana 59807 USA, plandres/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1179 EP - 1188 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - ecosystem resilience KW - Resource management KW - Ecosystem management KW - Biological diversity KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17440259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Overview+of+the+use+of+natural+variability+concepts+in+managing+ecological+systems&rft.au=Landres%2C+P+B%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BSwanson%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Landres&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; ecosystem resilience; Ecosystem management; Biological diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freezing Temperature Effect on Survival of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola in Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne AN - 17439065; 4648671 AB - The Willamette Valley in Oregon is a major seed production area for cool-season grasses. Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola survives over winter on its hosts as uredinial infections and causes epidemics of stem rust, the area's major disease on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. To determine the possible importance of freezing temperature on rust survival, infected plants taken from the field were subjected to controlled freezing across a range of temperatures representative of those that can occur in the region. After treatment, plants were placed in a warm greenhouse, and the number of actively sporulating pustules was recorded at 3-day intervals for 21 days. The pathogen responded similarly to freezing treatments whether in perennial ryegrass or tall fescue. Compared with the nontreated standard, there was no significant reduction in pustule number after exposure to -3 or -6 degree C. Exposure of infected plants to -10 degree C caused a 75 to 90% reduction in rust survival, and exposure to -13 degree C killed all rust infections in tall fescue and over 99% in perennial ryegrass. The decline in rust survival with temperature was slightly steeper for perennial ryegrass than for tall fescue. A higher absolute number of infections in perennial ryegrass than in tall fescue resulted in higher numbers of surviving infections on perennial ryegrass. Survival of rust infections appeared to be primarily a function of host tissue survival. Between 1960 and 1997, years with winter temperatures as low as -10 or -13 degree C have occurred in the Willamette Valley with frequencies of approximately 39 and 8%, respectively. We conclude that year-to-year variation in winter temperature could have a significant effect on the survival of the grass stem rust pathogen. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pfender, W F AU - Vollmer, S S AD - National Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, pfenderw@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1058 EP - 1062 VL - 83 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - survival KW - Cereal rust KW - USA, Oregon KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Stem rust KW - Lolium perenne KW - Grasses KW - Cold KW - Puccinia graminis graminicola KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17439065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Freezing+Temperature+Effect+on+Survival+of+Puccinia+graminis+subsp.+graminicola+in+Festuca+arundinacea+and+Lolium+perenne&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F%3BVollmer%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1058&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis graminicola; Festuca arundinacea; Lolium perenne; Stem rust; Grasses; Temperature effects; Cold ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Assessment of Nested PCR to Detect Phytoplasmas in Imported Dormant Buds and Internodal Tissues of Quarantined Tree Fruit Germ Plasm AN - 17439025; 4648668 AB - Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were evaluated for use on a routine basis in a quarantine program to detect phytoplasmas in dormant fruit tree scionwood collected during the winter season. Phytoplasmas associated with peach yellow leaf roll, Western X, apricot chlorotic leaf roll, plum leptonecrosis, and apple proliferation diseases were detected in all known infected sources. Phytoplasmas in Prunus spp. were readily detected in both dormant bud and internodal tissues. Use of nested PCR versus a single primer pair resulted in electrophoresed PCR products that were easier to interpret. The nested PCR procedure has replaced 3-year tests with grafts on sensitive indicators to detect this group of pathogens. JF - Plant Disease AU - Waterworth, HE AU - Mock, R AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Quarantine Office, Bldg. 580, Beltsville, MD 20705, pgqohw@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1047 EP - 1050 VL - 83 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Tissues KW - Fruit trees KW - Germplasm KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Phytoplasma KW - Prunus KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17439025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=An+Assessment+of+Nested+PCR+to+Detect+Phytoplasmas+in+Imported+Dormant+Buds+and+Internodal+Tissues+of+Quarantined+Tree+Fruit+Germ+Plasm&rft.au=Waterworth%2C+HE%3BMock%2C+R&rft.aulast=Waterworth&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytoplasma; Prunus; Polymerase chain reaction; Tissues; Germplasm; Fruits; Fruit trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Lightning and Wildland Fire Ignition in the Pacific Northwest AN - 17438482; 4653505 AB - Lightning is the primary cause of fire in the forested regions of the Pacific Northwest, especially when it occurs without significant precipitation at the surface. Using thunderstorm occurrence and precipitation observations for the period 1948-77, along with automated lightning strike data for the period 1986-96, it was possible to classify convective days as either "dry" or "wet" for several stations in the Pacific Northwest. Based on the classification, a discriminant analysis was performed on coincident upper-air sounding data from Spokane, Washington. It was found that a discriminant rule using the dewpoint depression at 85 kPa and the temperature difference between 85 and 50 kPa was able to classify correctly between 56% and 80% of the convective days as dry or wet. Also, composite maps of upper-air data showed distinctly different synoptic patterns among dry days, wet days, and all days. These findings potentially can be used by resource managers to gain a greater understanding of the atmospheric conditions that are conducive to lightning-induced fires in the Pacific Northwest. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Rorig, M L AU - Ferguson, SA AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Seattle, WA, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1565 EP - 1575 VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - lightning KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Storms KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17438482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Lightning+and+Wildland+Fire+Ignition+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Rorig%2C+M+L%3BFerguson%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Rorig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Storms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for the diagnosis of acute 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride poisoning in birds and the estimation of secondary hazards to wildlife AN - 17432665; 4648698 AB - Female boat-tailed grackles poisoned with 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) were analyzed by necropsy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The necropsies identified the presence of a white precipitate in the pericardium, which had been previously reported as a characteristic of CPTH-exposed birds. The GC-MS method, which utilized deuterated CPTH as a surrogate, quantified CPTH residues in the breast tissue and gastrointestinal tract of CPTH-exposed birds. Comparison of these techniques indicated that the GC-MS method was more accurate for assessing CPTH poisoning in birds. Regression analyses of consumption versus residue data indicated that the sum of breast and gastrointestinal residues can be used as an estimator of CPTH exposure. Comparison of CPTH residues in grackles with toxicity data for a variety of scavenger and predator species provided risk quotients of less than 0.1. Analysis of these data suggests that secondary hazards associated with the use of CPTH as an avicide for the control of pest birds are minimal. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Johnston, J J AU - Hurlbut, D B AU - Avery, M L AU - Rhyan, J C AD - USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center, Analytical Chemistry Project, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA, john.j.johnston@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 2533 EP - 2537 VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - avicides KW - methodology KW - acute toxicity KW - 3-chlorotoluidine hydrochloride KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Wildlife KW - Poisoning KW - Chemical treatment KW - Pest control KW - Hazards KW - Aves KW - Gas chromatography KW - Regression analysis KW - Toxicology KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Methods+for+the+diagnosis+of+acute+3-chloro-p-toluidine+hydrochloride+poisoning+in+birds+and+the+estimation+of+secondary+hazards+to+wildlife&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BHurlbut%2C+D+B%3BAvery%2C+M+L%3BRhyan%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poisoning; Toxicology; Aves; Wildlife; Hazards; Gas chromatography; Pest control; Chemical treatment; Regression analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf fluctuating asymmetry in tree-line mountain birches, Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa: genetic or environmentally influenced? AN - 17431436; 4647494 AB - Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), or random nondirectional deviations from anticipated symmetry, is increasingly being discussed as a potential indicator of environmental stress. However, the factors underlying FA, especially in plants, remain poorly understood. We measured leaf FA by comparing the difference in width between the right and left halves of leaves in mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) from half-sib families growing in the field at its northern/altitudinal distributional limit to determine if genetic variance existed in this trait. We also tested for a correlation between leaf fluctuating asymmetry and tree-wide shoot growth to determine if leaf FA was associated with a decline in plant performance. There was no relationship between leaf FA and shoot growth. There was also no among-family variation in leaf FA, which suggests that there is little or no genetic variance in this trait in mountain birch. JF - Oikos AU - Wilsey, B J AU - Saloniemi, I AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502, USA, wilsey@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 341 EP - 345 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fitness KW - Genetic variance KW - Fluctuating asymmetry KW - Morphometry KW - Leaves KW - Betula pubescens tortuosa KW - Alpine environments KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17431436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Leaf+fluctuating+asymmetry+in+tree-line+mountain+birches%2C+Betula+pubescens+ssp.+tortuosa%3A+genetic+or+environmentally+influenced%3F&rft.au=Wilsey%2C+B+J%3BSaloniemi%2C+I&rft.aulast=Wilsey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Betula pubescens tortuosa; Leaves; Morphometry; Genetic variance; Fitness; Fluctuating asymmetry; Alpine environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for the Stage Inducing Phenotypic Plasticity in Pupae of the Polyphagous Whiteflies Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and the raison d'etre AN - 17430726; 4653773 AB - The effect of leaf surface topography on the production of homologous dorsal pupal structures in 2 major pest species, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), was determined. When cohorts of the 2 whitefly species developed separately at either high or low nymphal densities on a hirsute poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima (Willdenow), most (>95%) pupal exuviae had wax extrusions (T. vaporariorum) or setae (B. argentifolii). When either species was reared at a low density on a glabrous lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., or on a normally pubescent salvia, Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roemer & Schultes, only 30% or fewer of the pupae had dorsal structures. When high nymphal densities of T. vaporariorum developed on both lettuce or salvia, however, a significant increase occurred in the percentage of pupae with dorsal wax extrusions; and a significant, although slight, increase occurred in the dorsal setae of B. argentifolii. Differences in leaf trichome density among 3 isolines of soybean, Glycine max L., regardless of the whitefly density on the leaf, influenced the number of dorsal pupal structures occurring on the 2 whitefly species. More than 90% of the pupal exuviae of both species exhibited dorsal structures when reared on the hirsute isoline. In contrast, cohorts of the 2 species developing on the normal and on the glabrous isolines produced <39% of T. vaporariorum pupae and <10% of B. argentifolii pupae with dorsal structures, an indication that host plant nutrition probably does not quantitatively affect dorsal structures. When cohorts of the 2 species developed on large, fully expanded and on small, partially expanded leaves on the same zinnia plant, Zinnia elegans Jacquin, significantly more pupae with dorsal structures of both species occurred when reared on the partially expanded leaf than when reared on the expanded leaf. Because the number of trichomes on a zinnia leaf does not change during leaf expansion, fewer trichomes/unit area of leaf occur on expanded leaves. This within-host test demonstrated that crawlers emergent on a fully expanded leaf would have had a lower probability of tactile experiences before settling and feeding than crawlers emergent on an unexpanded leaf. Out discussion includes an interpretation of why sensory setae and well-developed antennae may occur only in the crawler, the impact of crawler behavior on polyphenism, the importance of polyphenism to polyphagous whiteflies, the role of adult wax particles, and a recommendation for host plant resistance. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - Bentz, J-A AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 774 EP - 787 VL - 92 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Homoptera KW - Greenhouse white fly KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Leaf characters KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Development KW - Host plants KW - Phenotypes KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05188:Growth & regeneration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17430726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+the+Stage+Inducing+Phenotypic+Plasticity+in+Pupae+of+the+Polyphagous+Whiteflies+Trialeurodes+vaporariorum+and+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+and+the+raison+d%27etre&rft.au=Neal%2C+JW+Jr%3BBentz%2C+J-A&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Bemisia argentifolii; Aleyrodidae; Phenotypes; Development; Leaf characters; Host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolate effectiveness on growth and root colonization of Panicum virgatum in acidic soil AN - 17423789; 4647710 AB - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant ability to grow and withstand acidic soil induced stresses. Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) was grown in pH sub(Ca) 4 and 5 (soil:10 mM CaCl sub(2), 1:1) soil (typic Hapludult) inoculated with eight isolates of AMF [Glomus (G.) clarum, G. diaphanum, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, Gigaspora (Gi.) albida, Gi. margarita, Gi. rosea and Acaulospora (A.) morrowiae] to determine the effects of these isolates on plant growth and root colonization. Compared to nonmycorrhizal (nonAMF) plants, mycorrhizal (AMF) plants had as high as 52-fold increases in dry matter (DM) in pH sub(Ca) 4 soil and as high as 26-fold increases in DM in pH sub(Ca) 5 soil; G. clarum and G. diaphanum plants had the highest DM and Gi. rosea plants had the lowest DM. The AMF plants grown in pH sub(Ca) 4 soil had higher DM than in pH sub(Ca) 5 soil. Root DM decreased more than shoot DM for plants grown in pH sub(Ca) 5 compared to pH sub(Ca) 4 soil, which was reflected in shoot-to-root DM ratio changes. Total root length (RL) was similar for plants grown in pH sub(Ca) 4 and 5 soil and varied considerably depending on AMF isolate. Specific RL was higher for AMF plants grown in pH sub(Ca) 5 than in pH sub(Ca) 4 soil. Root colonization [determined as vesicles or arbuscules in root cells (VA), roots with hyphal infections (HI) and total colonization (VA or HI)] varied extensively with AMF isolate. Although percentage root colonization was not directly related to amount of DM, good enhancement of DM did not occur unless total colonization was >20%. Some AMF isolates were highly effective in overcoming acidic soil constraints and good growth of switchgrass in acidic soil may depend on root-AMF symbiosis. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Clark, R B AU - Zeto, S K AU - Zobel, R W AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1224 Airport Rd., Beaver, WV 25813-9423, USA, rclark@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1757 EP - 1763 VL - 31 IS - 13 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - growth KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Panicum virgatum KW - Gigaspora KW - Roots KW - Glomus KW - Acaulospora KW - Colonization KW - Growth KW - Soils (acid) KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17423789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungal+isolate+effectiveness+on+growth+and+root+colonization+of+Panicum+virgatum+in+acidic+soil&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+B%3BZeto%2C+S+K%3BZobel%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2899%2900084-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Panicum virgatum; Glomus; Gigaspora; Acaulospora; Roots; Colonization; Mycorrhizas; Soils (acid); Growth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00084-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allelochemicals isolated from tissues of the invasive weed garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) AN - 17421577; 4647271 AB - Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a naturalized Eurasian species that has invaded woodlands and degraded habitats in the eastern United States and Canada. Several phytotoxic hydrolysis products of glucosinolates, principally allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BzITC), were isolated from dichloromethane extracts of garlic mustard tissues. AITC and BzITC were much more phytotoxic to wheat (Triticum aestivum) than their respective parent glucosinolates sinigrin and glucotropaeolin. However, garden cress (Lepidium sativum) growth was inhibited to a greater degree by glucotropaeolin than BzITC, possibly due to conversion to BzITC by endogenous myrosinase. Sinigrin and glucotropaeolin were not detected in leaf/stem tissues harvested at the initiation of flowering, but were present in leaves and stems harvested in the autumn. Sinigrin levels in roots were similar for both sampling dates, but autumn-harvested roots contained glucotropaeolin at levels over three times higher than spring-harvested roots. The dominance of garlic mustard in forest ecosystems may be attributable in part to release of these phytotoxins, especially from root tissues. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Berhow, MA AD - Bioactive Agents Research, USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 2495 EP - 2504 VL - 25 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Phytotoxins KW - Allelochemicals KW - Alliaria petiolata KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Allelochemicals+isolated+from+tissues+of+the+invasive+weed+garlic+mustard+%28Alliaria+petiolata%29&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBerhow%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alliaria petiolata; Allelochemicals; Phytotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Replication-Defective Adenovirus Serotype 5 Containing the Capsid and 3C Protease Coding Regions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus as a Vaccine Candidate AN - 17340041; 4611961 AB - A recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 vector containing FMDV capsid, P1-2A, and viral 3C protease coding regions was constructed. Two viral clones were isolated, Ad5-P12X3CWT, containing the wild-type (WT) 3C protease that processes capsid polyprotein precursor into mature capsid proteins, and Ad5-P12X3CMUT, containing a point mutation in the protease coding region that inhibits processing. In 293 cells infected with either virus, synthesis of the FMDV capsid polyprotein precursor occurred, but processing of the polyprotein into structural proteins VP0, VP3, and VP1 occurred only in 3CWT virus-infected cells. Immunoprecipitation with monospecific and monoclonal antibodies indicates possible higher order structure formation in Ad5-P12X3CWT virus-infected cells. The viruses were used to elicit immune responses in mice inoculated intramuscularly (im). Only virus containing the 3CWT elicited a neutralizing antibody response. After boosting, this neutralizing antibody response increased. Swine inoculated im with Ad5-P12X3CWT virus developed a neutralizing antibody response and were either completely or partially protected from contact challenge with an animal directly inoculated with virulent FMDV. This adenovirus vector may be an efficient system for the delivery of FMDV cDNA into animals, leading to a high level of neutralizing antibody production and protection from FMDV challenge. JF - Virology AU - Mayr, G A AU - Chinsangaram, J AU - Grubman, MJ AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA, mgrubman@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/10/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 25 SP - 496 EP - 506 PB - Academic Press VL - 263 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - 3C proteinase KW - Foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - VP0 protein KW - VP1 protein KW - VP3 protein KW - adenovirus KW - cDNA KW - pigs KW - proteinase 3C KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Capsids KW - Adenovirus KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - G 07313:Viruses KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17340041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Development+of+Replication-Defective+Adenovirus+Serotype+5+Containing+the+Capsid+and+3C+Protease+Coding+Regions+of+Foot-and-Mouth+Disease+Virus+as+a+Vaccine+Candidate&rft.au=Mayr%2C+G+A%3BChinsangaram%2C+J%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Mayr&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-25&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenovirus; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Immune response; Virulence; Vaccines; Capsids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges to modelling NPP in diverse eastern deciduous forests: species-level comparisons of foliar respiration responses to temperature and nitrogen AN - 17411941; 4641181 AB - Modelling net primary production (NPP) in eastern deciduous forests has usually been conducted with coarse scale models that lump or simplify physiological processes. Foliar respiration (R sub(d)) is a key physiological process in forest ecosystem C cycling; however, there are very few data on leaf respiration (R sub(d)) for deciduous hardwood species. As a result, leaf R sub(d) is one of the most superficially treated processes in NPP models. We hypothesize that these data are critical for understanding patterns of net primary production and for parameterizing C cycling models in diverse eastern deciduous hardwood forests. Our objectives were: (1) to determine differences in leaf R sub(d) for seven hardwood species (Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba, Quercus coccinea, Quercus rubra, Quercus prinus and Carya glabra) common to the canopy of southern Appalachian forests; and (2) to evaluate the effects of using 'lumped parameter' versus 'species-specific parameter' approaches to determining the leaf respiration component of NPP. We used a temperature-controlled cuvette and an infrared gas analyzer to develop temperature response curves during the night (24:00-06:00 h). Differences in leaf respiration rates (expressed on either a mass or area basis) among species were substantial, varying by greater than three-fold at high leaf temperatures (30 degree C). Q sub(10) values ranged from 1.97 to 2.44. Some of the variation in leaf respiration rates among species was related to differences in leaf N. Comparison with a lumped parameter model of leaf respiration (PnET-II) indicated good agreement on average due primarily to combinations of species which resulted in compensating errors; however, there was the potential for considerable variation with different mixes of species. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Vose, J M AU - Bolstad, P V AD - USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto, NC 28763, USA, jvose@sparc.ecology.uga.edu Y1 - 1999/10/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 20 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Copper+absorption%2C+excretion%2C+and+retention+by+young+men+consuming+low+dietary+copper+determined+by+using+the+stable+isotope+65Cu.&rft.au=Turnlund%2C+J+R%3BKeyes%2C+W+R%3BPeiffer%2C+G+L%3BScott%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Turnlund&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00136-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of the net primary productivity of even-aged stands with a carbon-allocation model AN - 17409667; 4641179 AB - The estimation of the time-course of net primary productivity (NPP) is of general ecological interest. Solutions of Pipestem, a model of carbon allocation and growth, show a waxing and waning of NPP in even-aged stands of Pinus taeda between establishment and maturity. Peak productivity occurs at the time of stand closure. Estimation of NPP is inextricably linked with estimation of the production and loss of components of dry matter (foliage, feeder roots, and woody tissues). The fraction of available carbon allocated to the production of each of these components varies considerably over the course of stand development. Analyses also indicate that the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO sub(2) is elevating the NPP of stands of P. taeda. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Valentine, H T AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, PO Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1999/10/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 20 SP - 139 EP - 149 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17409667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+net+primary+productivity+of+even-aged+stands+with+a+carbon-allocation+model&rft.au=Valentine%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-10-20&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2899%2900134-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00134-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Will concern for biodiversity spell doom to tropical forest management? AN - 17407364; 4634738 AB - Arguments against active tropical forest management are analyzed in light of available data and new research that shows tropical forests to be more resilient after disturbances than previously thought. Tropical forest management involves a diverse array of human activity embedded in a complex social and natural environment. Within this milieu, forest structure and composition adjust to change and reflect the human and natural economy of regions. Critics of active forest management overestimate problems and underestimate human capacity to solve them. They isolate parts of a complex issue, i.e. the biodiversity component of tropical forest management, to generalize about the negatives of logging. This view of the tropics is consistent with past treatment of tropical issues by those that evaluate the situation from a non-tropical perspective. The literature reveals that conservation of biodiversity can be compatible with measured use of tropical forests. However, the conservation of biodiversity could be hurt should society not approach the tropical forestry issue holistically and act on misinformation. Active forest management is the means towards the goal of conservation and the best available way to simultaneously address human needs and conservation of biodiversity. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA, a_lugo@upr1.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 1999/10/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 18 SP - 123 EP - 131 VL - 240 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sustainable development KW - Forests KW - Biological diversity KW - Tropical environments KW - Nature conservation KW - Environment management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Will+concern+for+biodiversity+spell+doom+to+tropical+forest+management%3F&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-18&rft.volume=240&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2899%2900319-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Managing for biodiversity for the protection of nature N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological diversity; Tropical environments; Forests; Environment management; Nature conservation; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00319-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in horses slaughtered for food in North America. AN - 69214378; 10536980 AB - Serum samples from 1788 horses slaughtered for food in North America were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the modified direct agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were found by the MAT in 124 (6.9%) of 1788 sera; the titers were 1:20 (69 horses), 1:40 (37 horses), 1:80 (9 horses), and > or =1:160 (9 horses). A total of 339 selected horses were also tested by the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT). Dye test antibodies were found in 54 horses with titers of 1:10 (29 horses) 1:20 (12 horses), 1:40 (4 horses) and 1:80 (9 horses). There was no correlation between the DT and the MAT. JF - Veterinary parasitology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Thulliez, P AU - Romand, S AU - Kwok, O C AU - Shen, S K AU - Gamble, H R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 235 EP - 238 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0304-4017, 0304-4017 KW - Antibodies, Protozoan KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Agglutination Tests -- veterinary KW - North America -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Horses KW - Food Parasitology KW - Horse Diseases -- parasitology KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- blood KW - Toxoplasma -- immunology KW - Toxoplasma -- isolation & purification KW - Horse Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis, Animal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69214378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.atitle=Serologic+prevalence+of+Toxoplasma+gondii+in+horses+slaughtered+for+food+in+North+America.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BThulliez%2C+P%3BRomand%2C+S%3BKwok%2C+O+C%3BShen%2C+S+K%3BGamble%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.issn=03044017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic archaea in swine waste storage pits AN - 17407118; 4626340 AB - Total DNA was isolated from swine feces and a swine waste storage pit and used as templates for PCR amplification of archaeal 16 rDNA using specific primers. Only the sample from the center of the waste pit produced a PCR product. DNA sequence analyses of random clones demonstrated a variety of methanogenic archaea. Six groups of sequences were identified, including those similar to Methanobrevibacter sp., Methanocorpusculum sp., and Methanoculleus sp. Three groups of sequences represented unidentified organisms. These data suggest that swine waste storage pits may represent an untapped source of novel methanogenic archaea. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street Peoria, IL USA Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 223 EP - 226 PB - Elsevier VL - 179 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - cDNA KW - pigs KW - ribosomal subunit 16S KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Methanocorpusculum KW - Methanoculleus KW - Methanogenic bacteria KW - Methanobrevibacter KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+diversity+of+methanogenic+archaea+in+swine+waste+storage+pits&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2899%2900415-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methanobrevibacter; Methanocorpusculum; Methanoculleus; Phylogeny; Methanogenic bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00415-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoter activity of the pER341-borne ST sub(Phsp) in heterologous gene expression in Escherichia coli and Streptococcus thermophilus super(1) AN - 17395738; 4626419 AB - A 138-bp EcoO109/HinfI fragment of Streptococcus thermophilus plasmid pER341 (2798 bp) including the promoter sequence of the heat stress protein gene hsp16.4 was tested in vector constructs for ability to activate the promoterless green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) from a jelly fish in Escherichia coli, S. thermophilus, and lactococci. ST sub(Phsp) promoted gfp expression in transformed hosts as evidenced by the presence of green fluorescent (GFP super(+)) colonies under UV illumination. The results confirmed the potential of ST sub(Phsp) as a functional promoter in heterologous gene expression in dairy fermentation bacteria. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Somkuti, G A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane Wyndmoor, PA USA Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 431 EP - 436 PB - Elsevier VL - 179 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - gfp gene KW - hsp16.4 gene KW - plasmid pER341 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - U.V. radiation KW - Fermentation KW - Gene regulation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17395738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Promoter+activity+of+the+pER341-borne+ST+sub%28Phsp%29+in+heterologous+gene+expression+in+Escherichia+coli+and+Streptococcus+thermophilus+super%281%29&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2899%2900446-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Streptococcus thermophilus; Fermentation; Gene regulation; U.V. radiation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00446-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of recombinant fungal phytase (phyA) expressed in tobacco leaves. AN - 70857388; 10527865 AB - The phyA gene from Aspergillus ficuum coding for a 441-amino-acid full-length phytase was expressed in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) leaves. The expressed phytase was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange column chromatography. The purified phytase was characterized biochemically and its kinetic parameters were determined. When the recombinant phytase was compared with its counterpart from Aspergillus ficuum for physical and enzymatic properties, it was found that catalytically the recombinant protein was indistinguishable from the native phytase. Except for a decrease in molecular mass, the overexpressed recombinant phytase was virtually the same as the native fungal phytase. While the temperature optima of the recombinant protein remain unchanged, the pH optima shifted from pH 5 to 4. The results are encouraging enough to open the possibility of overexpressing phyA gene from Aspergillus ficuum in other crop plants as an alternative means of commercial production of this important enzyme. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Ullah, A H AU - Sethumadhavan, K AU - Mullaney, E J AU - Ziegelhoffer, T AU - Austin-Phillips, S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70124, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 14 SP - 201 EP - 206 VL - 264 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Phenylglyoxal KW - N45G3015PA KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Plant Leaves -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Temperature KW - Phenylglyoxal -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Glycosylation KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Weight KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - 6-Phytase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - 6-Phytase -- metabolism KW - 6-Phytase -- biosynthesis KW - 6-Phytase -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Tobacco -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70857388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+recombinant+fungal+phytase+%28phyA%29+expressed+in+tobacco+leaves.&rft.au=Ullah%2C+A+H%3BSethumadhavan%2C+K%3BMullaney%2C+E+J%3BZiegelhoffer%2C+T%3BAustin-Phillips%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ullah&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-14&rft.volume=264&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - STATISTICAL VALIDATION OF THE TRACK-DILUTION PLATING METHOD FROM GROUND BEEF AND CARCASS SURFACE SAMPLES AN - 915491540; 16098313 AB - AbstractA rapid and easy method of obtaining a viable culture count, the Track-Dilution method, was evaluated and compared to Spiral Plating to obtain viable culture counts from ground beef samples and beef carcass surface tissue samples inoculated with salmonellae or Escherichia coli O157:H7. Based on the statistical analysis of the dataset (n = 125 samples), the Track-Dilution method results were not different (P > 0.1) than those obtained from Spiral Plating. Linear correlation of the scatterplot of Spiral Plating and Track-Dilution indicated a high level of agreement between these two methods (r2 = 0.97). The Track-Dilution method was a valid method for estimating viable culture counts for meat animal-derived samples with bacterial counts of more than 100 cfu/mL. JF - Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology AU - Siragusa, Gregory R AD - United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center P.O. Box 166 Clay Center, NE 68933-0166 Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 155 EP - 161 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3999, 1060-3999 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Automation KW - Beef KW - Escherichia coli KW - A:01300 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/915491540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=STATISTICAL+VALIDATION+OF+THE+TRACK-DILUTION+PLATING+METHOD+FROM+GROUND+BEEF+AND+CARCASS+SURFACE+SAMPLES&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+Gregory+R&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=10603999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4581.1999.tb00385.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beef; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00385.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EFFECTS OF MEMBRANE PROTONOPHORES ON THE ATP CONTENT OF IMMUNOMAGNETIC BEADS CAPTURED ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 AN - 915483466; 16098319 AB - AbstractAn approach to rapidly detect the presence of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 is described. Specific immunomagnetic beads were applied to capture the bacteria in different solutions. The captured bacteria were then lysed by commercially available reagents to release cellular ATP which was detected by firefly luciferin-luciferase induced chemiluminescence. The bioenergetic status of the bacteria was adjusted by the addition of glucose, a carbon nutrient source, and carbonyl cyanide meta-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), a membrane protonophore. The addition of glucose restored oxygen consumption and medium acidification activities and increased the ATP content of harvested bacteria after storage. On the other hand, CCCP enhanced the oxygen consumption and medium acidification but significantly decreased the ATP content. None of the glucose and CCCP effects could be detected with heat-killed and gamma -ray irradiated E. coli O157:H7. Thus, immunomagnetic capture of the E. coli followed by testing the bioenergetic responses of captured bacteria would qualitatively determine the presence of viable E. coli O157:H7. When applied, the developed procedure could easily detect the presence of less than one CFU of the E. coli per gram of beef hamburg after a 6-h enrichment at 37C. JF - Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Patterson, Deidre AU - YU, LINDA SL AU - Irwin, Peter AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, North Atlantic Area Eastern Regional Research Center 600 E. Mermaid Lane Wyndmoor. PA 19038 Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 205 EP - 221 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3999, 1060-3999 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - ATP KW - J:02300 KW - A:01300 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/915483466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=EFFECTS+OF+MEMBRANE+PROTONOPHORES+ON+THE+ATP+CONTENT+OF+IMMUNOMAGNETIC+BEADS+CAPTURED+ESCHERICHIA+COLI+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Tu%2C+Shu-I%3BPatterson%2C+Deidre%3BYU%2C+LINDA+SL%3BIrwin%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=Shu-I&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=10603999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4581.1999.tb00390.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ATP; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00390.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projections of Forest and Rangeland Condition Indicators for a National Assessment AN - 899163100; 15625036 JF - Environmental Management AU - Hof, John AU - Flather, Curtis AU - Baltic, Tony AU - Davies, Stephen AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3825 East Mulberry, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA , US Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 383 EP - 398 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Forests KW - ENA 07:General KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899163100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Projections+of+Forest+and+Rangeland+Condition+Indicators+for+a+National+Assessment&rft.au=Hof%2C+John%3BFlather%2C+Curtis%3BBaltic%2C+Tony%3BDavies%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900241 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900241 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging for the control of Listeria monocytogenes on turkey meat. AN - 70857191; 10528716 AB - When radiation-sterilized ground turkey meat was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, packaged under mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and irradiated with gamma-radiation doses of 0 to 3.0 kGy, there was a statistically significant (P 1.0 kGy, there was a concentration-dependent CO2 inhibition of L. monocytogenes multiplication and/or recovery. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. dthayer@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1136 EP - 1142 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Food Packaging -- methods KW - Food Irradiation KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70857191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Irradiation+and+modified+atmosphere+packaging+for+the+control+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+turkey+meat.&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B1 and hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 (AP1) in tortillas and nixtamalized corn (Zea mays L.) from two different geographic locations in Guatemala. AN - 70837738; 10528731 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common contaminant of corn worldwide and is responsible for several diseases of animals. In the preparation of tortillas, corn is treated with lime (producing nixtamal) that when heated hydrolyzes at least a portion of the FB1 to the aminopentol backbone (AP1), another known toxin. This study analyzed the amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas and nixtamal from two communities in the central highlands of Guatemala where corn is a major dietary staple (Santa Maria de Jesus, Sacatepequez, and Patzicia, Chimaltenango). The amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus were, respectively, 0.85 +/- 2.0 and 26.1 +/- 38.5 microg/g dry weight (mean +/- SD), and from Patzicia were 2.2 +/- 3.6 and 5.7 +/- 9.4 microg/g dry weight. Less than 6% of the tortillas from both locations contained > or = 10 microg FB1/g dry weight; whereas, 66% of the samples from Santa Maria de Jesus and 29% from Patzicia contained > or = 10 microg AP1/g dry weight. The highest amount of AP1 (185 microg/g dry weight) was found in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus. The highest amounts of FB1 were 6.5 and 11.6 microg/g dry weight in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus and Patzicia, respectively. The mean concentration of FB1 in nixtamal was significantly higher in Santa Maria de Jesus compared to Patzicia. Surprisingly, AP1 was not detected in any of the nixtamal samples. The human impact of exposure to these amounts of fumonisins is not known. However, based on findings with other animals, where corn is a dietary staple, long-term consumption of FB1 and AP1 (especially at > or = 10 microg/g of the diet) may pose a risk to human health. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Meredith, F I AU - Torres, O R AU - Saenz de Tejada, S AU - Riley, R T AU - Merrill, A H AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1218 EP - 1222 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Calcium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Oxides KW - aminopentol KW - 145040-09-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - lime KW - C7X2M0VVNH KW - Index Medicus KW - Guatemala KW - Food Preservation KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70837738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B1+and+hydrolyzed+fumonisin+B1+%28AP1%29+in+tortillas+and+nixtamalized+corn+%28Zea+mays+L.%29+from+two+different+geographic+locations+in+Guatemala.&rft.au=Meredith%2C+F+I%3BTorres%2C+O+R%3BSaenz+de+Tejada%2C+S%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BMerrill%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol and selected nitroaromatic compounds by Sphingomonas sp. UG30. AN - 69501116; 10907421 AB - Sphingomonas strain UG30 mineralizes both p-nitrophenol (PNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Our current studies showed that UG30 oxidatively metabolized certain other p-substituted nitrophenols, i.e., p-nitrocatechol, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), and 4,6-dinitrocresol with liberation of nitrite. 2,6-DNP, o- or m-nitrophenol, picric acid, or the herbicide dinoseb were not metabolized. Studies using 14C-labelled 2,4-DNP indicated that in glucose-glutamate broth cultures of UG30, greater than 90% of 103 microM 2,4-DNP was transformed to other compounds, while 8-19% of the 2,4-DNP was mineralized within 5 days. A significant portion (20-50%) of the 2,4-DNP was metabolized to highly polar metabolite(s) with one major unidentified metabolite accumulating from 5 to 25% of the initial radioactivity. The amounts of 2,4-DNP mineralized and converted to polar metabolites was affected by glutamate concentration in the medium. Nitrophenolic compounds metabolized by UG30 were also suitable substrates for the UG30 PCP-4-monooxygenase (pcpB gene expressed in Escherichia coli) which is likely central to degradation of these compounds. The wide substrate range of UG30 could render this strain useful in bioremediation of some chemically contaminated soils. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Leung, K T AU - Alber, T AU - Cassidy, M B AU - Trevors, J T AU - Lee, H AU - Veldhuis, L AU - Hall, J C AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 840 EP - 848 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Nitrophenols KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - pentachlorophenol monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.13.50 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol KW - Q13SKS21MN KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrophenols -- metabolism KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Glutamic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Sphingomonas -- enzymology KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol -- metabolism KW - Sphingomonas -- metabolism KW - Sphingomonas -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69501116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Continuous+callus+production+and+regeneration+of+garlic+%28Allium+sativum+L.%29+using+root+segments+from+shoot+tip-derived+plantlets&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+M%3BSimon%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic risk assessment of acid waste water containing heavy metals. AN - 69449257; 10703726 AB - The mutagenic/cancerogenic potential of acid-mine water from the Slovak mining area Rudnany containing a high load of toxic metals was evaluated after its application to three model test organisms (bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant Vicia sativa L.). The results obtained from the modified preincubation Ames assay proved that 1000-fold diluted waste water exhibited mutagenic effect in three (TA97, TA98, TA102) of four bacterial strains. In the test on yeast the toxicity and genotoxicity increased as a function of the concentration. At the highest concentration used (0.06%) the frequency of revertants increased 6 times and convertants increased 4.5 times above the control level. In the simultaneous phytotoxicity and clastogenicity assay, concentration dependent toxicity and statistically significant clastogenicity was proved. We can conclude that heavy metals might be responsible for the genotoxic/cancerogenic potential of the test water. However, we do not entirely exclude the possibility that its genotoxicity might be promoted by its high acidity. JF - General physiology and biophysics AU - Miadoková, E AU - Dúhová, V AU - Vlcková, V AU - Sládková, L AU - Sucha, V AU - Vlcek, D AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. Miadokova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 92 EP - 98 VL - 18 Spec No SN - 0231-5882, 0231-5882 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Mutagens KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Slovakia KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mining KW - Fabaceae -- drug effects KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacology KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69449257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+physiology+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Genetic+risk+assessment+of+acid+waste+water+containing+heavy+metals.&rft.au=Miadokov%C3%A1%2C+E%3BD%C3%BAhov%C3%A1%2C+V%3BVlckov%C3%A1%2C+V%3BSl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A1%2C+L%3BSucha%2C+V%3BVlcek%2C+D&rft.aulast=Miadokov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=18+Spec+No&rft.issue=&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+physiology+and+biophysics&rft.issn=02315882&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B1 from the fungus Fusarium moniliforme causes contact toxicity in plants: evidence from studies with biosynthetically labeled toxin. AN - 69347567; 10591043 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most abundant of a series of sphingosine analog mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, a ubiquitous contaminant of stored corn (maize) worldwide. FB1 exhibits a variety of biological activities including phytotoxicity, which is of particular interest for its potential role as a virulence factor to facilitate invasion of plant tissues by the fungus. Droplets of FB1 solution applied to the leaf surface of jimsonweed, black nightshade, and susceptible tomatoes caused necrosis, growth inhibition, and death. With Arabidopsis thaliana grown on agar plates, an IC50 (concentration causing half maximal phytotoxicity) of less than 1 ppm was observed. [3H]FB1 was prepared by biosynthetic incorporation of commercially-available radiolabeled presumptive precursors into the toxin in rice medium solid cultures of F. moniliforme JW#1. The labeled toxin produced by incorporation of [9,10-3H]palmitate induced phytotoxic symptoms identical to unlabeled material, indicating it had full biological activity. The area of necrosis on treated leaves was similar in light and dark treated plants. Using liquid scintillation counting to quantify radioactivity in excised plant parts, over 95% of the [3H]FB1 radioactivity applied to leaves of light or dark-treated plants was recovered from the treated leaf. When [3H]FB1 was applied to a wound site on target plants, severe damage occurred at the site of FB1 application and in tissue above the site. These results indicate that FB1 applied to intact surfaces of target plants exhibits primarily contact activity. Translocation of FB1 is limited, occurring only when FB1 is applied to a wound site, and it results in damage to tissue above the point of application, indicating that FB1 is xylem mobile. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Abbas, H K AU - Smeda, R J AU - Gerwick, B C AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. habbas@ag.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 405 EP - 420 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fumonisins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Necrosis KW - Plant Development KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- growth & development KW - Datura stramonium -- drug effects KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- drug effects KW - Datura stramonium -- growth & development KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- chemistry KW - Carboxylic Acids -- chemistry KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69347567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B1+from+the+fungus+Fusarium+moniliforme+causes+contact+toxicity+in+plants%3A+evidence+from+studies+with+biosynthetically+labeled+toxin.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BSmeda%2C+R+J%3BGerwick%2C+B+C%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Halogeton poisoning in livestock. AN - 69344423; 10591042 JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - James, L F AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 395 EP - 403 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Oxalates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Plants, Toxic -- poisoning KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Sheep KW - Oxalates -- chemistry KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69344423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Halogeton+poisoning+in+livestock.&rft.au=James%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle using injectable microspheres containing ivermectin. AN - 69324101; 10582049 AB - The efficacy of an injectable microsphere formulation of ivermectin for control of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), was tested on 2 groups of 6 Hereford heifers held on separate 7-ha, tick-infested, buffel grass pastures. Cattle in one pasture were injected subcutaneously in the neck with a controlled-release microsphere formulation of ivermectin at the rate of 2.4 mg AI/kg body weight; the other group was injected with carrier only. Beginning 4 wk after injection and continuing throughout the remainder of the test (16 wk), no engorged ticks (> or = 5.5 mm) were found on any of the treated cattle, whereas large numbers of engorged ticks were found on the untreated controls. During this period, a few ticks were recovered from untreated sentinel animals placed in the treatment pasture during 7-8 wk after treatment, but none were recovered from animals exposed from 11-12 wk or 14-15 wk. Large numbers of B. annulatus ticks were found on untreated sentinel cattle placed in the control pasture during these same periods. Although the cattle, pastures, and tick habitat were approximately equal, the treated cattle gained an average of 77 kg compared with an average of 42 kg for the control group. This technology offers a possible alternative to the current official program of dipping and vacating pastures for eradication of Boophilus sp. infestations from the quarantine zone in southern Texas. Larger scale testing is needed to determine the potential of the injectable microsphere formulation and to optimize its use in eradication or control strategies. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Miller, J A AU - Davey, R B AU - Oehler, D D AU - Pound, J M AU - George, J E AU - Ahrens, E H AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1142 EP - 1146 VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ticks -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Host-Parasite Interactions KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Microspheres KW - Female KW - Tick Infestations -- parasitology KW - Ivermectin -- therapeutic use KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Ivermectin -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69324101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Control+of+Boophilus+annulatus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+cattle+using+injectable+microspheres+containing+ivermectin.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+A%3BDavey%2C+R+B%3BOehler%2C+D+D%3BPound%2C+J+M%3BGeorge%2C+J+E%3BAhrens%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mixing of dye in a model scald tank. AN - 69217815; 10536796 AB - A model scald tank was constructed to study the mixing pattern of water in a poultry scalding system. Tank dimensions were approximately 6 m long by 10.5 cm wide with a water depth of 18 cm. Water was vigorously agitated with compressed air delivered through a 1.9-cm polyvinyl chloride pipe on the bottom of the tank. Food coloring was added to the tank at a single point, and water samples were taken at distances of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 m every 30 s for 10 min, with 0 or 10 L/min water flow through the tank. Dye concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. A chain drive was then installed above the tank with aluminum paddles (area about 25% of tank cross-sectional area) attached to the chain every 15.2 cm to simulate the movement of carcasses through the water at 140 carcasses per minute. Food coloring was added to the tank, and water samples were taken every 15 s for 2.5 min, with 0 or 13.5 L/min water flow through the tank. A computer program based on perfect mixing of water in small slices or cells within the tank was adjusted until predicted dye movement matched sampling data, with correlations of 0.91 or better at all sampling points. For scalder designs with uniform mixing of water, the computer model can predict mixing patterns, including counterflow conditions in a single tank, well enough to yield realistic residence time patterns for bacteria suspended in scald water. JF - Poultry science AU - Cason, J A AU - Shackelford, A D AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia, USA. jcason@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1459 EP - 1463 VL - 78 IS - 10 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Meat -- standards KW - Bacteria KW - Animals KW - Feathers KW - Water Supply KW - Food Contamination KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Poultry KW - Food Handling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69217815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Mixing+of+dye+in+a+model+scald+tank.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BShackelford%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subaqueous soils; pedogenesis in a submersed environment AN - 52364819; 2000-032901 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Demas, George P AU - Rabenhorst, Martin C Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1250 EP - 1257 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - processes KW - Plantae KW - pedogenesis KW - Eastern Shore KW - soil profiles KW - definition KW - submersed aquatic vegetation KW - Worcester County Maryland KW - vegetation KW - weathering KW - estuaries KW - Assateague Island KW - classification KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - Maryland KW - transformations KW - Sinepuxet Bay KW - aquatic environment KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52364819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Subaqueous+soils%3B+pedogenesis+in+a+submersed+environment&rft.au=Demas%2C+George+P%3BRabenhorst%2C+Martin+C&rft.aulast=Demas&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; Assateague Island; Atlantic Coastal Plain; classification; definition; Eastern Shore; ecology; estuaries; Maryland; pedogenesis; Plantae; processes; sediments; Sinepuxet Bay; soil profiles; soils; submersed aquatic vegetation; transformations; United States; vegetation; weathering; Worcester County Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - All (S) stereoconfiguration of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from bioconversion of oleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AN - 21377655; 12034332 AB - A previously established method was utilized to determine the stereoconfiguration of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DHOE) from bioconversion of oleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL strain B-18602 (PR3). The method involved formation of the (-)-menthoxycarbonyl (MCO) derivative of the two hydroxyls, oxidative cleavage of the double bond, and gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the two methyl-esterified diastereomeric fragments, methyl 2-MCO-decanoate and dimethyl 2-MCO-octanedioate. As described by previous workers, the 2(S)-MCO derivatives elute at earlier times by GC than the 2(R)-MCO derivatives. By comparing the GC analysis of the 2-MCO derivatives obtained from DHOE with that obtained from a partially racemized sample, DHOE was determined to be 7(S),10(S)-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Gardner, Harold W AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Bioactive Agents Research, USA, houct@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1151 EP - 1156 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 76 IS - 10 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Workers KW - Gas chromatography KW - bioconversion KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Oleic acid KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21377655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=All+%28S%29+stereoconfiguration+of+7%2C10-dihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid+from+bioconversion+of+oleic+acid+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Harold+W%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-999-0088-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Workers; Gas chromatography; bioconversion; Oleic acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0088-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient uptake and growth response of six wetland/riparian plant species receiving swine lagoon effluent AN - 18007809; 4675101 AB - A two-year study was conducted to determine the growth response of six different wetland/riparian plant species receiving swine lagoon effluent. Wastewater from the third lagoon of the University of Georgia main swine unit at Tifton, Georgia, was applied to replicates of the species Ilex cassine (`Dahoon Holly'), Cephalanthus occidentalis (`Buttonbush'), Itea virginica (`Virginia Sweetspire'), Spartina patens (`Saltmeadow Cordgrass'), Juncus effusus (Soft Rush), and Panicum hemitomon (`Maidencane'). The plants were grown in open ended steel containers recessed in the soil at a field site so that they received natural weather conditions in addition to applied wastewater. Measurements were taken periodically of plant height, plant width, biomass, leaf area, and N and P content. All six plant species responded to wastewater with increased growth, and were tolerant of the level of wastewater application. It was found that of the broad-leaved species Cephalanthus had the greatest growth response, while of the non-broad-leaved species Spartina had the greatest growth. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Ruter, J M AU - Newton, G L AU - Davis, J G AD - USDA/ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Lab., PO Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, hubbard@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1331 EP - 1341 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Cephalanthus occidentalis KW - Ilex cassine KW - Itea virginica KW - Juncus effusus KW - Panicum hemitomon KW - Spartina patens KW - Swine wastes KW - USA, Georgia KW - USA, Georgia, Tifton KW - swine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Tolerance KW - Manure KW - Nutrients KW - Lagoons KW - Growth KW - Nutritive value KW - Wastewater Lagoons KW - Riparian environments KW - Wetlands KW - Spartina KW - Animal Wastes KW - Growth rate KW - Animal wastes KW - Plant Growth KW - Waste utilization KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Aquatic plants KW - Effluents KW - Biomass KW - Education KW - Plant nutrition KW - Plants KW - Uptake KW - Feeding experiments KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18007809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Nutrient+uptake+and+growth+response+of+six+wetland%2Friparian+plant+species+receiving+swine+lagoon+effluent&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BRuter%2C+J+M%3BNewton%2C+G+L%3BDavis%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Plant nutrition; Manure; Nutritive value; Waste utilization; Aquatic plants; Feeding experiments; Uptake; Biomass; Waste water; Lagoons; Growth; Animal wastes; Riparian environments; Plants; Nutrients; Wetlands; Effluents; Wastewater; Tolerance; Riparian Vegetation; Education; Plant Growth; Wastewater Irrigation; Wastewater Lagoons; Spartina; Animal Wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Edwards Aquifer water resource conflict: USDA farm program resource-use incentives? AN - 17880665; 5118464 AB - This paper summarizes economic and hydrological analyses of the impacts of the 1990 and 1996 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) farm programs on irrigation water withdrawals from the Edwards Aquifer in south central Texas and on aquifer-dependent spring flows that support threatened and endangered species. Economic modeling, a regional producer behavioral survey, as well as institutional and farm characteristic analyses are used to examine likely irrigation water-use impacts. Hydrologic modeling is used to examine spring flow effects. Study results show that 1990 USDA commodity programs caused producers to require less irrigation water, in turn increasing rather than decreasing aquifer spring flows. Market economic factors are the dominant criteria influencing producer irrigation decisions. Farm-tenure arrangements and aquifer management responsibilities of the Edwards Aquifer Authority indicate that the 1996 Farm Act's PFC payment program will not cause an increase in irrigation withdrawals. Broader actions such as long-term water supply enhancement/conservation programs, dry-year water-use reduction incentives and water markets all provide tools for Edwards water-use conflict resolution. USDA farm programs do not apparently play a material part in the total debate. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Schaible, G D AU - McCarl, BA AU - Lacewell, R D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 3171 EP - 3183 VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, Texas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Irrigation water KW - Springs KW - Administrative Decisions KW - Flow Discharge KW - Economic Aspects KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Water management KW - Economics KW - Irrigation Water KW - Irrigation Effects KW - Groundwater Management KW - Modelling (Hydrological) KW - Legislation KW - Legislation (on industry and trade) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - SW 4060:Nonstructural alternatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17880665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=The+Edwards+Aquifer+water+resource+conflict%3A+USDA+farm+program+resource-use+incentives%3F&rft.au=Schaible%2C+G+D%3BMcCarl%2C+BA%3BLacewell%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Schaible&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation water; Aquifers; Springs; Water management; Economics; Modelling (Hydrological); Legislation (on industry and trade); Hydrologic Models; Surface-groundwater Relations; Administrative Decisions; Flow Discharge; Irrigation Effects; Irrigation Water; Economic Aspects; Groundwater Management; Legislation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties from laboratory tension disc infiltrometer experiments AN - 17878628; 5118479 AB - Four tension disc infiltration experiments were carried out on a loamy soil in the laboratory for the purpose of estimating the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Sixteen tensiometers were installed in pairs at the following coordinate (r, z) positions: (10, 2.5), (10, 5) (10, 10), (15, 5), (15, 10), (15, 15), (15, 20), and (15, 30), where r represents the distance from the axis of symmetry and z is the location below the soil surface. A time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe was used to measure water contents at a depth of 2 cm directly below the tension disc. The first three experiments involved supply pressure heads at the disc of -20, -10, -5, and -1 cm, with the experiment lasting for similar to 5 hours. The same supply pressure heads were also used for the fourth experiment, which lasted 6.25 days so as to reach steady state at each applied tension. The measured data were analyzed using Wooding's [1968] analytical solution and by numerical inversion. The parameter estimation method combined a quasi three-dimensional numerical solution of the Richards equation with the Marquardt-Levenberg optimization scheme. The objective function for the parameter estimation analysis was defined using different combinations of the cumulative infiltrated volume, TDR readings, and tensiometer measurements. The estimated hydraulic properties were compared against results obtained with an evaporation experiment as analyzed with Wind's [1968] method. Water contents in the retention curves were underestimated when both transient and quasi steady state experiments were analyzed by parameter estimation. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities obtained by parameter estimation and using Wooding's [1968] analysis corresponded well. Drying branches of the hydraulic conductivity function determined by parameter estimation also corresponded well with those obtained with the evaporation method. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Simuenek, J AU - Wendroth, O AU - Van Genuchten, MT AD - U. S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 2965 EP - 2979 VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Hydraulics KW - Head KW - Estimating KW - Soil/water systems KW - Probes KW - Soil Water KW - Tensiometers KW - Soil Moisture Retention KW - Pressure Head KW - Infiltration KW - Data Interpretation KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17878628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Estimating+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+properties+from+laboratory+tension+disc+infiltrometer+experiments&rft.au=Simuenek%2C+J%3BWendroth%2C+O%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Simuenek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulics; Head; Soil/water systems; Probes; Infiltration; Tensiometers; Soil Moisture Retention; Experimental Data; Estimating; Pressure Head; Soil Water; Data Interpretation; Hydraulic Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saturated hydraulic conductivity prediction from microscopic pore geometry measurements and neural network analysis AN - 17876492; 5118466 AB - Traditional models to describe hydraulic properties in soils are constrained by the assumption of cylindrical capillarity to account for the geometry of the pore space. This study was conducted to develop a new methodology to directly measure the porosity and its microscopic characteristics. The methodology is based on the analysis of binary images collected with a backscattered electron detector from thin sections of soils. Pore surface area, perimeter, roughness, circularity, and maximum and average diameter were quantified in 36 thin sections prepared from undisturbed soils. Saturated hydraulic conductivity K sub(sat), particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, and chemical properties were determined on the same cores. We used the Kozeny-Carman equation and neural network and bootstrap analysis to predict a formation factor from microscopic, macroscopic, and chemical data. The predicted K sub(sat) was in excellent agreement with the measured K sub(sat) (R super(2) = 0.91) when a hydraulic radius r sub(H) defined as pore area divided by pore perimeter and the formation factor were included in the Kozeny-Carman equation. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lebron, I AU - Schaap, M G AU - Suarez, D L AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 3149 EP - 3158 VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Electron Microscopy KW - Microscopic Analysis KW - Conductance KW - Soil/water systems KW - Porosity KW - Soil Water KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Pores KW - Neural Networks KW - Electron microscopy KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17876492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Saturated+hydraulic+conductivity+prediction+from+microscopic+pore+geometry+measurements+and+neural+network+analysis&rft.au=Lebron%2C+I%3BSchaap%2C+M+G%3BSuarez%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Lebron&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conductance; Porosity; Soil/water systems; Electron microscopy; Prediction; Electron Microscopy; Pores; Neural Networks; Microscopic Analysis; Soil Water; Permeability Coefficient ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A user agency's view of hydrologic, soil erosion and water quality modelling AN - 17658949; 4722233 AB - The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) of the US Department of Agriculture provides assistance for land management planning and the use of conservation measures on private farmland in the United States. The NRCS must concern itself with a broad range of issues with regard to models and their application to support the assessments and decision making associated with these activities. These issues include the basic science for the description of physical processes, user issues in the practical application of the model, and software maintenance. In recent years, a significant amount of effort has gone into implementing existing agricultural hydrology/erosion/water quality models. There are, however, some important areas of model development that need to be addressed, including: reconciling the strengths and weaknesses of existing models; accounting for spatial variability of precipitation over the catchment; rectifying weaknesses in the stochastic climate generators currently included in some erosion models; improving the representation of runoff generating processes and water flow paths; and improving our understanding of ephemeral gully (thalweg) erosion and including algorithms to describe it. New model development also needs to follow modern standards of software engineering to ensure code reusability and maintainability. Although the NRCS is primarily a model user agency, it must be involved in all aspects of model development as well as model application to ensure satisfactory results. JF - Catena AU - Garen, D AU - Woodward, D AU - Geter, F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Water and Climate Center, 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204-3224, USA Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 277 EP - 289 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agriculture KW - Farms KW - Land Management KW - Water Quality KW - Decision Making KW - Computer Programs KW - Planning KW - Hydrology KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17658949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=A+user+agency%27s+view+of+hydrologic%2C+soil+erosion+and+water+quality+modelling&rft.au=Garen%2C+D%3BWoodward%2C+D%3BGeter%2C+F&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2899%2900039-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modelling soil erosion by water at the catchment scale. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Land Use; Farms; Computer Programs; Land Management; Planning; Water Quality; Hydrology; Cultivated Lands; Decision Making; Soil Erosion; Runoff DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00039-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of selected events on the Catsop catchment by KINEROS2: A report for the GCTE conference on catchment scale erosion models AN - 17658258; 4722245 AB - Data from the Catsop catchment in South Limburg, Netherlands was simulated with the model KINEROS2. The results of calibration and validation on a split set of runoff and sediment data are reported and the variations in apparent parameters are analyzed. Calibration was performed with regard to the temporal distribution of runoff and sediment rather than single values such as total or peak rates. Based on the simulations, soil erodibility was considerably higher in 1993 than earlier years. Sediment discharge is quite sensitive to hydrologic simulation, as the amount and velocity of runoff affects sediment transport capacity which in turn determines the delivery of soil disturbed by rainsplash. Overall ability of the model to reproduce the measured data was considered relatively good. JF - Catena AU - Smith, R E AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Unkrich, CL AD - ARS-USDA, AERC Foothills Campus, CSU, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1325, USA Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 457 EP - 475 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Netherlands KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Calibrations KW - Catchment Areas KW - Model Testing KW - Soil Erosion KW - Sedimentation KW - Runoff KW - Temporal Distribution KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17658258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+selected+events+on+the+Catsop+catchment+by+KINEROS2%3A+A+report+for+the+GCTE+conference+on+catchment+scale+erosion+models&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+E%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BUnkrich%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modelling soil erosion by water at the catchment scale. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calibrations; Catchment Areas; Model Testing; Sedimentation; Soil Erosion; Runoff; Temporal Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method to predict cropland ephemeral gully erosion AN - 17658032; 4722240 AB - Erosion of farmland due to concentrated flow is very severe on many unprotected fields across the United States. Small channels can turn into large gullies if not controlled. These small channels are routinely obliterated by tillage of the field and other routine farm operations only to be reformed again. Opposing slopes adjacent to an ephemeral gully allow runoff to reestablish a channel in approximately the same location. Since the 1960s, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been used to estimate rill and sheet erosion. This paper describes the Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (EGEM). EGEM is a modification of the Agricultural Research Service Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimate (EGEE) computer model to meet the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) needs. Limited field data obtained by NRCS were used to validate the single event component of EGEM. This paper presents a summary of these studies. There were no data available at the time of the model development to validate the average annual concept of the model. ARS conducted validation studies for the EGEE model. JF - Catena AU - Woodward, DE AD - Conservation Engineering Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, PO Box 2890, Washington, DC 20013, USA Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 393 EP - 399 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rainfall Rate KW - Farms KW - Gully Erosion KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17658032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Method+to+predict+cropland+ephemeral+gully+erosion&rft.au=Woodward%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Modelling soil erosion by water at the catchment scale. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainfall Rate; Gully Erosion; Farms; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bank erosion and riparian vegetation influences: Upper Illinois River, Oklahoma AN - 17653036; 4675100 AB - The Upper Illinois River, located in northeast Oklahoma and designated as an Oklahoma Scenic River, is an important economic and ecological resource. Apparent bank instability, however, has introduced concern about the river's future value. The objectives of this research on the 101 km section from Lake Frances on the Oklahoma/Arkansas border to Lake Tenkiller in Oklahoma were to quantify short- and long-term bank erosion rates, and to evaluate the impact of riparian vegetation on short- and long-term bank erosion. Short-term erosion was measured with bank pins and cross-section surveys, and long-term erosion was measured from 1:7920 scale aerial photographs from 1979 and 1991. Short-term erosion was measured after four, 2.0- to 2.5-yr return period flow events (481 to 597 m super(3)/s) from September 1996 and July 1997. Cumulative erosion (total for the four events) averaged 1.4 m and ranged from 0.0 to 8.1 m. During the period 1979 to 1991, lateral erosion averaged 16 m or 1.4 m/yr on 132 eroding banks. Also during this period, 79 ha of land surface area eroded, and the river became an average of 18% wider. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, short- and long-term data indicated no significant differences in bank erosion rate between forested, grassed, and mixed vegetation banks. However, long-term analysis did indicate that 66% of grassed river bank length experienced detectable erosion (> 2 m) compared to only 16% of forested bank length. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Harmel, R D AU - Haan, C T AU - Dutnell, R AD - USDA/ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA, dharmel@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1321 EP - 1329 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Upper Illinois R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Aerial Photography KW - Cross-sections KW - Surveys KW - Aerial photography KW - Freshwater KW - Erosion KW - River banks KW - Bank Erosion KW - Erosion Rates KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Quantitative Analysis KW - USA, Oklahoma, Illinois R. KW - Erosion control KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17653036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Bank+erosion+and+riparian+vegetation+influences%3A+Upper+Illinois+River%2C+Oklahoma&rft.au=Harmel%2C+R+D%3BHaan%2C+C+T%3BDutnell%2C+R&rft.aulast=Harmel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; River banks; Surveys; Riparian vegetation; Aerial photography; Erosion control; Riparian Vegetation; Aerial Photography; Cross-sections; Bank Erosion; Erosion Rates; Quantitative Analysis; USA, Oklahoma, Illinois R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in range beef calves at weaning AN - 17652973; 4664858 AB - This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of beef calves at weaning, prior to arrival at the feedlot or mixing with cattle from other sources. Fifteen range cow-calf herds, which weaned calves in October and November, were sampled in Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska and South Dakota. Faecal culture for E. coli O157:H7 was performed and anti-O157 serum antibody titres were determined by blocking ELISA. Thirteen of the 15 herds (87%) were found to have at least one positive isolation of E. coli O157:H7 in faecal samples. Within positive herds, prevalence ranged from 1 times 7-20 times 0%, with an average of 7 times 4 plus or minus 6 times 2% S.D. of individual animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 in faeces. All herds had high prevalence of anti-O157 antibodies, ranging 63-100% of individuals within herds seropositive. This study indicates that E. coli O157:H7 infection before weaning, prior to entry into feedlots, is widespread. Furthermore, serologic evidence suggests that most calves (83%) and all herds (100%) have been exposed to E. coli O157. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Elder, RO AU - Keen, JE AD - Animal Health Research Unit, US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 291 EP - 298 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - Escherichia coli KW - weaning KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Weaning KW - Livestock KW - Serological surveys KW - Cattle KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+range+beef+calves+at+weaning&rft.au=Laegreid%2C+W+W%3BElder%2C+RO%3BKeen%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Laegreid&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Escherichia coli; Cattle; Livestock; Weaning; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Serological surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature and Moisture Effects on Fumigant Degradation in Soil AN - 17595469; 4670914 AB - Recent discovery of the contribution of methyl bromide fumigation to stratospheric ozone depletion has revealed our limited understanding of the environmental processes of fumigants. For instance, little is known about fumigant degradation in soil under high temperature or low moisture conditions that prevail near the soil surface during fumigation. In this study we determined the interaction of soil temperature and moisture with degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) for extended soil temperature and moisture ranges. Fumigant degradation increased 5 to 12 times when temperature increased from 20 to 50 degree C. It was further shown that chemical transformation of fumigants always increased with increasing temperature, but temperature effects on microbial degradation were fumigant dependent. The relative contribution of microbial degradation to the overall fumigant degradation was highest for the soil with highest organic matter content, and was greater for MITC than for 1,3-D isomers. When the temperature was >30 degree C, microbial degradation of 1,3-D was substantially suppressed, while that of MITC was greatly stimulated. As soil moisture content increased, 1,3-D degradation accelerated, but that of MITC decreased. The specific responses of fumigant degradation to temperature and moisture variations should be considered when describing their transport in the environment, and also may be used for designing fumigation practices that allow reduced atmospheric emissions. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Yates AU - Jury, WA AD - Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1436 EP - 1441 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - fumigants KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Temperature KW - Soil moisture KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17595469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Temperature+and+Moisture+Effects+on+Fumigant+Degradation+in+Soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BYates%3BJury%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Temperature; Soil moisture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - South Carolina's Wetland and Wildlife Wonderland! AN - 17587343; 4698243 AB - In South Carolina, school districts are finding that WRP can assist them in developing much needed environmental classrooms, offering students the opportunity to experience firsthand the wonders of wetlands. JF - Land and Water AU - Belk, P S AD - USDA-NRCS, Columbia, SC, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 26 EP - 27 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0192-9453, 0192-9453 KW - USA, South Carolina KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Education KW - Ecosystems KW - Aquatic communities KW - Training KW - Environmental Quality KW - Wildlife KW - Wetlands KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17587343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+and+fetotoxic+effects+of+two+piperidine+alkaloid-containing+lupines+%28L.+formosus+and+L.+arbustus%29+in+cows.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Aquatic communities; Ecosystems; Wetlands; Habitat; Training; Environmental Quality; Wildlife; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling surface and subsurface pesticide transport under three field conditions using PRZM-3 and GLEAMS AN - 17585975; 4675097 AB - Contaminant transport models should be evaluated over a wide range of conditions to determine their limitations. The models PRZM and GLEAMS have been evaluated many times, but few studies are available in which predicted movement in runoff and percolate were simultaneously evaluated against field data. Studies of this type are essential because pesticide leaching and runoff are mutually dependent processes. For this reason, PRZM-3 and GLEAMS were evaluated for their ability to predict metribuzin concentrations in runoff, sediment, subsurface soil, and pan lysimeters under three field conditions (yard waste compost amended, no-till, and conventional-till) on a Lowell silt loam soil. Sensitive input parameters were either site specific (climatic, soil, and chemical) or calibrated (K-factor, C-factor, curve number). In general, both models under-predicted metribuzin concentration in runoff water, runoff sediment, subplow layer soil (15-75 cm), and pan lysimeter water (75 cm). Contrary to field data, both models predicted that a large percentage (> 50%) of metribuzin would move below the "mixing zone" (top 1 cm) during the first rainfall event after application. Relatively little metribuzin was predicted to move beyond the plow layer (top 15 cm) into the pan lysimeters or subsurface soil throughout the simulation period, possibly due to the lack of a macropore component in the models. High metribuzin concentrations in sediment (field data) indicated that relatively little metribuzin moved below the "mixing zone", possibly because of hysteresis but much of the metribuzin that did move was quickly transported into the pan lysimeters, probably due to macropore flow. GLEAMS more accurately predicted pesticide concentration in sediment and PRZM predicted subsurface soil concentration somewhat more accurately than GLEAMS. Little difference in accuracy was detected between models on metribuzin concentration in runoff or metribuzin concentration in percolate. Although both models generally under-predicted metribuzin concentration in runoff, runoff transport (mass of metribuzin in runoff) for the study period was over-predicted by both models which emphasizes the importance of accurately predicting herbicide concentration and runoff volume soon after application when the surface pesticide concentrations are highest. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Malone, R W AU - Warner, R C AU - Workman AU - Byers, ME AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, malone@coshocton.com Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1275 EP - 1287 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - GLEAMS KW - PRZM-3 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Model Testing KW - Mixing KW - Lysimeters KW - Pollution forecasting KW - Leaching KW - Simulation KW - Herbicides KW - Pesticides KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Modeling+surface+and+subsurface+pesticide+transport+under+three+field+conditions+using+PRZM-3+and+GLEAMS&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BWarner%2C+R+C%3BWorkman%3BByers%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Model Testing; Pesticides; Leaching; Runoff; Lysimeters; Prediction; Herbicides; Path of Pollutants; Mixing; Simulation; Pollution dispersion; Pollution forecasting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continental scale simulation of the hydrologic balance AN - 17579428; 4660002 AB - This paper describes the application of a continuous daily water balance model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) for the conterminous U.S. The local water balance is represented by four control volumes; (1) snow, (2) soil profile, (3) shallow aquifer, and (4) deep aquifer. The components of the water balance are simulated using "storage" models and readily available input parameters. All the required databases (soils, landuse, and topography) were assembled for the conterminous U.S. at 1:250,000 scale. A GIS interface was utilized to automate the assembly of the model input files from map layers and relational databases. The hydrologic balance for each soil association polygon (78,863 nationwide) was simulated without calibration for 20 years using dominant soil and land use properties. The model was validated by comparing simulated average annual runoff with long term average annual runoff from USGS stream gage records. Results indicate over 45 percent of the modeled U.S. are within 50 mm of measured, and 18 percent are within 10 mm without calibration. The model tended to underpredict runoff in mountain areas due to lack of climate stations at high elevations. Given the limitations of the study, (i.e., spatial resolution of the data bases and model simplicity), the results show that the large scale hydrologic balance can be realistically simulated using a continuous water balance model. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Arnold, J G AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Muttiah, R S AU - Allen, P M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, Texas 76502, USA, arnold@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1037 EP - 1051 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Snow KW - Soil/water systems KW - Maps and mapping KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Soil Water KW - Maps KW - Land use KW - Water balance KW - Databases KW - Stream Gages KW - Runoff KW - Topography KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Continental+scale+simulation+of+the+hydrologic+balance&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BMuttiah%2C+R+S%3BAllen%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrologic Budget; Databases; Snow; Soil Water; Land Use; Topography; Maps; Runoff; Stream Gages; USA; Water balance; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Soil/water systems; Land use; Maps and mapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellents to reduce cable gnawing by northern pocket gophers AN - 17492640; 4686126 AB - There is a continuing need to develop improved repellent formulations to protect buried cable installations from damage by problem wildlife. We evaluated 2.0% mass/mass levels of capsaicin and denatonium benzoate in a polybutene carrier material (Indopol super( registered )) and an aboveground, rodent-deer plastic mesh barrier (Vexar super( registered )) for reducing gnawing by northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) on communications cable (RG-8U). When treatments were applied as surface coatings, neither capsaicin nor denatonium samples were lower (P > 0.05) in measures of cable damage compared to control (Indopol super( registered ) alone) or samples treated with Vexar super( registered ) plastic mesh. When the test was repeated with a new group of 24 gophers (n = 6/group in each of 4 groups) but with the 2.0% capsaicin, 2.0% denatonium benzoate, and Indopol super( registered ) enclosed with electrical shrink tubing, there was less damage for the capsaicin samples (P < 0.05) on mass, depth of cut, width, and volume of cable chewed when compared to samples treated with the Vexar super( registered ) and Indopol super( registered ). Denatonium benzoate treatment also produced repellent effects (P < 0.05) on the width measure when compared to Vexar super( registered ) samples. In addition, the denatonium benzoate samples were damaged less than Indopol super( registered ) samples, although not significantly, as measured by mass loss and depth of gnawing. Therefore, we concluded that although capsaicin and denatoneum benzoate appeared to be completely ineffective when applied as a surface coating to cable, the same agents became effective cable gnawing repellents when encased in electrical shrink tubing. This encasing procedure demonstrated quite clearly that the means for applying the repellent agent are an all important aspect of developing effective products to control gnawing damage by northern pocket gophers. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Shumake, SA AU - Sterner, R T AU - Gaddis, SE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, stephen.a.shumake@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1344 EP - 1349 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Northern pocket gopher KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Management KW - Control programs KW - Repellents KW - Thomomys talpoides KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17492640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Repellents+to+reduce+cable+gnawing+by+northern+pocket+gophers&rft.au=Shumake%2C+SA%3BSterner%2C+R+T%3BGaddis%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Shumake&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thomomys talpoides; Control programs; Repellents; Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant growth regulator (stronghold) enhances repellency of anthraquinone formulation (flight control) to Canada geese AN - 17490588; 4686074 AB - There is a need for nonlethal methods of reducing conflicts between burgeoning populations of resident giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and humans at airports and other settings. An anthraquinonebased formulation (Flight Control [FC]; 50% anthraquinone [AQ], active ingredient) has shown promise in deterring grazing by Canada geese. We hypothesized that the addition of a plant growth regulator (stronghold [SH]) might enhance the effectiveness of FC by minimizing the exposure of new, untreated grass. To isolate the effects of grass height, plant growth regulator, and the combination of a repellent with a plant growth regulator on grazing by geese, we conducted 3 experiments, each using 24 geese in 6 18.3- x 30.5-m pens in northern Ohio during 1998. We evaluated the response of geese to short (4-11 cm) and tall grass (16-21 cm) in a 9-day test (15-23 Jul). Next, SH (applied at 1.2 L/ha) was evaluated as a grazing repellent in a 14-day test (30 Jul-12 Aug). Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of FC (2.3 L/ha) combined with SH (0.9 L/ha SH) as a grazing repellent in a 22-day test (11 Sep-2 Oct). We found no difference (P = 0.529) in the number of geese per observation in tall- (1.7 plus or minus 1.5) versus short-grass plots (2.3 plus or minus 1.5), nor in bill contacts per minute (P = 0.777) in tall- (12.6 plus or minus 9.3) versus short-grass plots (11.1 plus or minus 7.9). In the SH test, 14 days postapplication, mean grass height was 12.9 cm in untreated plots and 7.2 cm in treated plots. However, the number of geese per observation on untreated (1.8 plus or minus 1.3) and treated plots (2.2 plus or minus 1.3) did not differ (P = 0.567). Also, there was no difference (P = 0.706) in the number of bill contacts per minute in untreated (15.3 plus or minus 9.9) versus treated plots (18.1 plus or minus 14.2). In contrast, over a 22-day FC/SH test, the mean number of geese per observation was 2.6 times greater (P < 0.001) on untreated (2.9 plus or minus 0.5) versus treated plots (1.1 plus or minus 0.5). Further, the mean number of bill contacts per minute was 8.2 times greater (P < 0.001) on untreated (54.4 plus or minus 11.2) than treated plots (6.6 plus or minus 2.3). We observed no abatement in repellency 22 days posttreatment. Thus, we conclude that SH greatly enhanced the repellency of FC to grazing Canada geese, and we contend that the use of a plant growth regulator with FC will prove effective in reducing goose foraging at airports and other sites. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Seamans, T W AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, bradley.f.blackwell@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1336 EP - 1343 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Canada goose KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Wildlife management KW - Branta canadensis KW - Grasses KW - Grazing KW - Repellents KW - Airports KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17490588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Plant+growth+regulator+%28stronghold%29+enhances+repellency+of+anthraquinone+formulation+%28flight+control%29+to+Canada+geese&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BSeamans%2C+T+W%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Branta canadensis; Wildlife management; Grazing; Repellents; Grasses; Airports; Foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of forest roads on habitat quality for Ovenbirds in a forested landscape AN - 17489509; 4679026 AB - Numerous studies have reported lower densities of breeding Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) adjacent to forest edges. However, none of these studies has considered habitat use and reproductive success to address mechanisms underlying the observed pattern, and most were conducted in fragmented landscapes and ignored juxtapositions of forest with narrow openings such as roads. We studied the influence of forest roads on Ovenbird density in an extensively forested region of Vermont, evaluating habitat use and reproductive success relative to mechanisms proposed to explain the density-edge relationship. Territory densities on seven study plots were 40% lower within edge areas (0 to 150 m from unpaved roads) than within interior areas (150 to 300 m from roads). We simulated the distribution of Ovenbird territories and concluded that passive displacement, where birds perceive habitat interfaces as boundaries and limit their territories entirely to forest habitat, did not account for the observed density-edge pattern. Territory size was inversely related to distance from roads, providing an alternative explanation for reduced densities near edges and suggesting that habitat quality was higher away from roads. Pairing success was lower within edge areas than within interior zones, but the difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of males that produced fledglings did not differ between edge and interior areas. We conclude that habitat quality for Ovenbirds may be lower within 150 m of unpaved roads in extensive forested landscapes, affecting territory density and possibly reproductive success. JF - Auk AU - Ortega, Y K AU - Capen, DE AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, Montana 59807, USA, ortega_yvette/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 937 EP - 946 VL - 116 IS - 4 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Ovenbird KW - USA, Vermont KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Site selection KW - Roads KW - Seiurus aurocapillus KW - Habitat utilization KW - Territorial behavior KW - Breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17489509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Effects+of+forest+roads+on+habitat+quality+for+Ovenbirds+in+a+forested+landscape&rft.au=Ortega%2C+Y+K%3BCapen%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Ortega&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seiurus aurocapillus; Habitat utilization; Breeding success; Territorial behavior; Site selection; Roads ER - TY - CONF T1 - Distributed simulation of snowcover mass- and energy-balance in the boreal forest AN - 17486438; 4680979 AB - The accurate distributed simulation of snowpack deposition and ablation beneath forest canopies is complicated by the fact that vegetation canopies strongly affect the snow surface energy balance. The canopy alters the radiation balance of the snowcover and reduces the wind speed at the snow surface. Simple canopy adjustment algorithms for solar and thermal radiation and wind speed are used in conjunction with commonly available land cover classifications to spatially distribute sub-canopy solar and thermal radiation, air and soil temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. The distributed climate surfaces are used to drive a two- layer coupled energy- and mass-balance snowmelt model over two areas within the BOREAS study region for the 1994-1995 snow season. Model results are validated using both automatic and manually collected snow depth data. The simulated timing and rate of snowpack development and ablation at both study areas are well represented beneath the canopy types where validation data are present. Rigorous evaluation of model performance beneath the full range of canopy types requires information regarding the spatial distribution of snow covered area during the ablation period. This study demonstrates that given basic landcover parameters, relatively simple canopy adjustments coupled with an energy balance model can be used to estimate climate conditions and snowcover processes across a range of boreal forest covers. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Link, T AU - Marks, D Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 2439 EP - 2452 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK VL - 13 IS - 14-15 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Snowpack KW - Energy KW - Snowmelt KW - Hydrology KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Snow Cover KW - Canopy KW - Ablation KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17486438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Distributed+simulation+of+snowcover+mass-+and+energy-balance+in+the+boreal+forest&rft.au=Link%2C+T%3BMarks%2C+D&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=14-15&rft.spage=2439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1085%28199910%2913%3A14%2F153.3.CO%3B2-+T LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2439::AID-HYP866>3.3.CO;2- ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pheromone components and diel periodicity of pheromonal communication in Lymantria fumida AN - 17474899; 4676900 AB - Extracts of pheromone glands from female Lymantria fumida were analyzed by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and by coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The two compounds that elicited responses from male L. fumida antennae were identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure) and 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene (2me-Z7-18Hy). Field experiments in northern Japan demonstrated that synthetic (7R, 8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(+)-disparlure] and 2me-Z7-18Hy are synergistic sex pheromone components of L. fumida. (7S,8R)cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(-)-disparlure] had no behavioral effect on male L. fumida. Traps baited with (+)-disparlure and 2me-Z7-18Hy captured male L. fumida between 21:00 and 24:00 hr, whereas traps baited with (+)-monachalure [(7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane], (+)-disparlure and 2me-Z7-18Hy attracted males of the nun moth, L. monacha L., between 02:00 and 04:00 hr. Both temporal separation of pheromonal communication and specificity of pheromone blends seem to contribute to the reproductive isolation of sympatric and coseasonal L. fumida and L. monacha. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schaefer, P W AU - Gries, G AU - Gries, R AU - Holden, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory, Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 2305 EP - 2312 VL - 25 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Japan KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lymantria fumida KW - Phenology KW - Reproductive isolation KW - Sex pheromone KW - Sympatric populations KW - Lymantria monacha KW - Chemical communication KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25763:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17474899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Pheromone+components+and+diel+periodicity+of+pheromonal+communication+in+Lymantria+fumida&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+P+W%3BGries%2C+G%3BGries%2C+R%3BHolden%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria fumida; Lymantria monacha; Reproductive isolation; Sympatric populations; Phenology; Sex pheromone; Chemical communication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Codon optimization, genetic insulation, and an rtTA reporter improve performance of the tetracycline switch AN - 17473374; 4675568 AB - The objective of this work was to further develop a tetracycline repressor (TetR) protein system that allows control of transgene expression. First, to circumvent the need for a binary approach, a single plasmid design was constructed and tested in tissue culture. To indirectly assay integrations that express the synthetic transcription factor (rtTA), a bicistronic gene was built which included an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and a green fluorescent protein coding region (GFP) on the same expression cassette as the coding region of rtTA (pTetGREEN). This construct did not produce fluorescent colonies when stably integrated and provided minimal expression of GFP in the face of adequate expression of rtTA. The coding region for TetR was then altered by introducing 156 silent point mutations to simulate mammalian genes. Replacement of wild-type TetR gene (tetR) in pTetGREEN with `mammalianized' tetR provided GFP expression. Adjustment of codon usage in the tetR region of rtTA nearly doubled the expression level of functional rtTA. To increase the number of rtTA expressing lines, the chicken egg-white lysozyme matrix attachment region (MAR) was introduced into the single plasmid design just upstream of the tetracycline operators (tetO). Inclusion of the MAR doubled the number of colonies that expressed rtTA (44% vs 88%). With the modifications described here, the number of lines that express rtTA and provide induction from a single plasmid design can be increased by the inclusion of a MAR and the level of rtTA expression can be further increased by adjusting the base composition of the TetR coding region. The MAR also insulates the inducible gene from the promoter driving rtTA. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Wells, K D AU - Foster, JA AU - Moore, K AU - Pursel, V G AU - Wall, R J AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, LPSI, BARC, USDA-ARS Bldg. 200, RM 8, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, bobwall@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 371 EP - 381 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - green fluorescent protein KW - tetO gene KW - tetR gene KW - tetracycline KW - tetracycline repressors KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Reporter gene KW - Transcription factors KW - Codons KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17473374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Codon+optimization%2C+genetic+insulation%2C+and+an+rtTA+reporter+improve+performance+of+the+tetracycline+switch&rft.au=Wells%2C+K+D%3BFoster%2C+JA%3BMoore%2C+K%3BPursel%2C+V+G%3BWall%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008952302539 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Codons; Transcription factors; Reporter gene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008952302539 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) on reproduction in cows with a history of locoweed consumption AN - 17469538; 4676829 AB - Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) was fed to 4 open cycling cows that had repeatedly consumed locoweed in previous grazing trails. They received locoweed at 20% of their diet for 30 d (0.68-0.76 mg swainsonine/kg/d). Locoweed induced an immediate rise in serum swainsonine (the locoweed toxin) and a concomitant drop in serum alpha -mannosidase activity in all cows accompanied by abnormal estrus behavior, increased estrous cycle lengths and failure to conceive. Serum progesterone (P4) profiles demonstrated that estrous cycles lengthened from an average of 19 d before locoweed feeding to an average of 34 d (range 24-43 d) while on locoweed. After locoweed feeding ceased, normal estrous cycles returned within an average of 14 d (range 7-25 d). Two of the 4 cows conceived on their first post-locoweed estrus at 7 and 25 d. The third cow bred twice at 13 and 31 d after lowoweed feeding stopped, and the fourth cow bred 3 times at 11, 31 and 52 d before conception occurred. Pregnancies in all 4 cows progressed normally to 7 mo gestation when locoweed was again fed at 20% of the diet for 40 d (gestation days 213 and 253) to 2/4 cows, 1 of which aborted 10 d after lowoweed feeding stopped (263 days gestation). The other cow fed lowoweed calved normally as did the 2 pregnancy control cows. Serum P4 and estradiol (E2) profiles during pregnancy appeared normal before, during and after locoweed feeding except in the cow that aborted, whose P4 declined and E2 increased prematurely. The general trend of serum prolactin was similar in locoweed-fed and control cows. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Panter, KE AU - Ralphs, M H AU - James, L F AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 282 EP - 286 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - cattle KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Oxytropis sericea KW - Poisoning KW - Reproduction KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+locoweed+%28Oxytropis+sericea%29+on+reproduction+in+cows+with+a+history+of+locoweed+consumption&rft.au=Panter%2C+KE%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxytropis sericea; Poisoning; Grazing; Reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policy objectives and economic incentives for controlling agricultural sources of nonpoint pollution AN - 17459664; 4660001 AB - In this paper, we review the physical characteristics of agricultural nonpoint pollution and discuss the implications for setting appropriate pollution control objectives and designing incentive-based pollution control policies. First, we discuss that policy objectives must be designed carefully to ensure positive economic net benefits can be expected from pollution control. Next, we review several classes of incentives and recommend the use of design-based incentives (i.e., incentives based on variable input use, management practices, and land use) for controlling nonpoint pollution. Cost-effectiveness requires that incentives elicit three types of responses from farmers: (1) use variable inputs at appropriate levels, (2) adopt appropriate management practices, and (3) make appropriate land use decisions at the extensive margin of production. If a set of incentives fails to induce the correct responses, the resulting runoff levels and hence ambient pollution levels and damages will be too large relative to policy goals. A review of existing programs suggests that greater program coordination and improved targeting of incentives are needed for further water quality improvements. Alternatively, properly designed market-based systems may be effective alternatives. These systems would reduce overall pollution control costs by allowing markets to allocate point source and nonpoint source control costs more efficiently. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Horan, R D AU - Ribaudo, MO AD - RED/ERS/USDA, Room 4015, 1800 M. St. NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, rhoran@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1023 EP - 1035 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Farms KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Decision Making KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Decision theory KW - Farms and farming KW - Pollution detection KW - Government policies KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Land use KW - Water pollution control KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17459664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Policy+objectives+and+economic+incentives+for+controlling+agricultural+sources+of+nonpoint+pollution&rft.au=Horan%2C+R+D%3BRibaudo%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Horan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution detection; Stormwater runoff; Agricultural pollution; Water resources; Pollution control; Government policies; Nonpoint pollution; Land use; Water pollution control; Land; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Decision theory; Farms and farming; Land Use; Water Pollution Control; Agricultural Runoff; Farms; Land Management; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Decision Making; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating atrazine leaching in the Midwest AN - 17456910; 4660006 AB - Data from seven Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) were used to test the sensitivity of a leaching model, Pesticide Root Zone Model-2, to a variety of hydrologic settings in the Midwest. Atrazine leaching was simulated because it was prevalent in the MSEA studies and is frequently detected in the region's groundwater. Short-term simulations used site-specific soil and chemical parameters. Generalized simulations used data available from regional soil databases and standardized variables. Accurate short-term simulations were precluded by lack of antecedent atrazine concentrations in the soil profile and water, suggesting that simulations using data for less than five years underestimate atrazine leaching. The seven sites were ranked in order of atrazine detection frequency (concentration > 0.2 mu g L super(-1)) in soil water at 2 m depth in simulations. The rank order of the sites based on long-term simulations were similar to the ranks of sites based on atrazine detection frequency from groundwater monitoring. Simulations with Map Unit Use File (MUUF) soils data were more highly correlated with ranks of observed atrazine detection frequencies than were short-term simulations using site-specific soil data. Simulations using the MUUF data for soil parameters were sufficiently similarity to observed atrazine detection to allow the credible use of regional soils data for simulating leaching with PRZM-2 in a variety of Midwest soil and hydrologic conditions. This is encouraging for regional modeling efforts because soil parameters are among the most critical for operating PRZM-2 and many other leaching models. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Burkart, M R AU - Gassman, P W AU - Moorman, T B AU - Singh, P AD - USDA-ARS-MWA, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, burkart@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1089 EP - 1100 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Soil Water KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrology KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Soil Profile KW - Pollutant Identification KW - Leaching KW - Soil/water systems KW - Herbicides KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pollution surveys KW - Pollution (Groundwater) KW - USA KW - Atrazine KW - Pesticides KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Soil horizons KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Estimating+atrazine+leaching+in+the+Midwest&rft.au=Burkart%2C+M+R%3BGassman%2C+P+W%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BSingh%2C+P&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Groundwater pollution; Agricultural runoff; Pollution surveys; Leaching; Atrazine; Herbicides; Agrochemicals; Pollution (Groundwater); Soil/water systems; Hydrology; Soil horizons; Pollutant Identification; Groundwater Pollution; Soil Water; Soil Profile; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in amino acids in Cucumis melo in relation to life-history traits and flight propensity of Bemisia tabaci AN - 17433999; 4655164 AB - Phloem amino acids in Cucumis melo L. were measured to determine whether changes in nitrogen availability might affect life-history traits and flight activity of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). During plant development, nineteen of the twenty common amino acids, plus hydroxyproline, citrulline, ornithine and gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) were identified. For most essential amino acids, there were two peaks observed: an initial large peak associated with young plants, and a later small peak associated with senescing plants. For histidine, ornithine and citrulline, medium to large peaks in relative abundance were observed in mature plants. Arginine peaked during the first few weeks of development and was no longer detectable after wk 7. Serine and glutamine/glutamic acid were the only amino acids that peaked during plant senescence. Factor analysis was used to create a reduced number of orthogonal factors, which corresponded well with the trends that were observed for the various groups of amino acids. No single or combination of factors explained a significant amount of the variability in oviposition. For both males and females, factor 1 (predominantly essential amino acids) was the single most important predictor of adult weight. As the relative concentrations of essential amino acids decreased, whitefly weights decreased. Factors 1 and 3 (predominantly histidine and ornithine) were the most important predictors of developmental time. As these amino acids decreased in relative concentration, developmental time increased. Percent emergence was positively associated with factor 1 and negatively associated with factor 6 (predominantly aspartic acid). The distributions of flight duration for whiteflies emerging from young, mature and senescing melon plants were compared and they were always skewed towards short flights; however, the frequency of long-duration flights increased when melon plants began to senesce. Whiteflies from all plant-age categories were capable of flying for more than 2 h with fully developed eggs, but the presence of more than four mature eggs was associated with flights of reduced duration. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Byrne, D N AD - USDA-ARS, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 29 EP - 40 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Amino acids KW - Whiteflies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cucumis melo KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Nutrient availability KW - Host plants KW - Life history KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Changes+in+amino+acids+in+Cucumis+melo+in+relation+to+life-history+traits+and+flight+propensity+of+Bemisia+tabaci&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BByrne%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1003886107024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Cucumis melo; Aleyrodidae; Host plants; Life history; Nutrient availability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003886107024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Ascorbic Acid-Rich Bell Pepper on Development of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 17428592; 4644655 AB - A survey of published nutritional data of ingredients currently used in larval diet for the fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) indicated low levels of ascorbic acid in the artificial diet in comparison to a preferred host (bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L.). Incorporation of various amounts of green bell pepper (fresh or dehydrated powder) into larval diet significantly affected larval development by increasing pupal recovery up to 21%, adult emergence up to 17.5%, and the overall growth index. Pupal weight remained similar to that of a control diet. An optimal amount of ascorbic acid phosphate (5 mg/g diet) in the diet also improved development, especially in terms of pupal recovery and adult emergence. Addition of ascorbic acid phosphate (>15 mg/g of diet) produced detrimental effects (lengthened the larval period, decreased the pupal recovery, reduced pupal weight and overall growth index). Substituting bell pepper for carrot powder in the standard B. latifrons larval diet or supplementing the standard diet with ascorbic acid phosphate would be beneficial for mass rearing of B. latifrons. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Chang, CL AU - Kurashima, R AD - Tropical Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crop Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1108 EP - 1112 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - ascorbic acid KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - Mass rearing KW - Artificial diets KW - Development KW - Host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Delivery+of+ivermectin+by+injectable+microspheres.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+A%3BOehler%2C+D+D%3BPound%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Bactrocera latifrons; Development; Artificial diets; Host plants; Mass rearing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can in vitro biology have farm-level impact for small-scale cassava farmers in Latin America? AN - 17428393; 4641938 AB - Cassava is uniquely suited for food security and economic development in unfavored areas of the tropics. Development research for cassava is an urgent need. In 1998, the Cassava Biotechnology Network (CBN) convened a workshop of cassava stakeholder groups in Latin America. After hearing an opening statement from representatives of small-scale cassava producers and processors, stakeholders formulated a consensus set of research and development (R&D) priorities. An adequate supply of good-quality planting material of desired varieties was clearly the most urgent, followed by R&D on market-value traits; yield losses due to pests, diseases, and drought; and cropping system flexibility. Two new projects are using in vitro techniques to address priorities of small-scale cassava farmers in Latin America. One project in Colombia combines a nongovernmental organization, a local farmers' association, and the international research center, CIAT, to explore affordable micropropagation. Findings to date show that most culture medium components can be replaced with local products, and a rustic growth room permits good culture growth without electricity or air conditioning. Low-costs system(s) developed will be assessed as a local microenterprise. A second project, in Ecuador, couples local cassava germplasm (with oral histories and an in vitro back-up collection) and elite clones (introduced in vitro) with new concepts in agribusiness development, to restart local farmers' cooperatives after the disastrous 1998-99 el Nino floods. The project was developed through group planning by the cooperatives, the local technical university, the national agricultural research program, and CIAT. Research to improve in vitro tools focuses on safe and stable conservation and exchange of cassava genetic resources, long-term, less expensive conservation, rapid clonal propagation, and ultimately, genetic transformation technologies to add desired traits to useful cassava varieties. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Thro, A M AU - Roca, WM AU - Restrepo, J AU - Caballero, H AU - Poats, S AU - Escobar, R AU - Mafla, G AU - Hernandez, C AD - USDA/AMS, Room 500 NAL Building, 10301 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2351, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 382 EP - 387 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - cassava KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Farms KW - Manihot esculenta KW - Genetic engineering KW - Reviews KW - Conservation KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Can+in+vitro+biology+have+farm-level+impact+for+small-scale+cassava+farmers+in+Latin+America%3F&rft.au=Thro%2C+A+M%3BRoca%2C+WM%3BRestrepo%2C+J%3BCaballero%2C+H%3BPoats%2C+S%3BEscobar%2C+R%3BMafla%2C+G%3BHernandez%2C+C&rft.aulast=Thro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manihot esculenta; Farms; Reviews; Genetic engineering; Transformation; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Corn Trypsin Inhibitor with Antifungal Activity Inhibits Aspergillus flavus alpha -Amylase AN - 17427711; 4647745 AB - In this study, we found that the inhibition of fungal growth in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium by the 14-kDa corn trypsin inhibitor (TI) protein, previously found to be associated with host resistance to aflatoxin production and active against various fungi, was relieved when exogenous alpha -amylase was added along with TI. No inhibitory effect of TI on fungal growth was observed when Aspergillus flavus was grown on a medium containing either 5% glucose or 1% gelatin as a carbon source. Further investigation found that TI not only inhibited fungal production of extracellular alpha -amylase when A. flavus was grown in PDB medium containing TI at 100 mu g ml super(-1) but also reduced the enzymatic activity of A. flavus alpha -amylase by 27%. At a higher concentration, however, TI stimulated the production of alpha -amylase, The effect of TI on the production of amyloglucosidase, another enzyme involved in starch metabolism by the fungus, was quite different. It stimulated the production of this enzyme during the first 10 h at all concentrations studied. These studies suggest that the resistance of certain corn genotypes to A. flavus infection may be partially due to the ability of TI to reduce the production of extracellular fungal alpha -amylase and its activity, thereby limiting the availability of simple sugars for fungal growth. However, further investigation of the relationship between TI levels and fungal alpha -amylase expression in vivo is needed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chen, Z-Y AU - Brown, R L AU - Russin, J S AU - Lax, A R AU - Cleveland, TE AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 902 EP - 907 VL - 89 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - maize KW - trypsin inhibitors KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - ^a-Amylase KW - Antifungal agents KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Zea mays KW - Fungicides KW - a-Amylase KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+Corn+Trypsin+Inhibitor+with+Antifungal+Activity+Inhibits+Aspergillus+flavus+alpha+-Amylase&rft.au=Chen%2C+Z-Y%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BRussin%2C+J+S%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Z-Y&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=902&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Aspergillus flavus; Antifungal agents; Fungicides; a-Amylase; ^a-Amylase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Major Gene for Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust in Western White Pine from the Western Cascade Range AN - 17426201; 4647740 AB - A dominant gene for resistance to white pine blister was indicated by Mendelian segregation in full-sib families of western white pine parent trees selected for phenotypic resistance in six heavily infected stands in the Western Cascades of Oregon and Washington. Seedlings were artificially inoculated three times between 1959 and 1964 and observed for development of stem infection. Segregation at this locus (Cr2) occurred in only two of the six parent populations sampled: one a natural stand, Champion Mine (CM), and the other a plantation of unknown seed origin. At CM, reduced penetrance of this gene was expressed by altered Mendelian ratios (mostly less-than-expected resistant phenotypes) in families of specific combinations of certain parents, indicating the presence of modifier genes with effects that ranged from mild to almost complete suppression of Cr2. Between 1968 and 1994, an apparent shift in virulence at CM caused all of the resistant selections to become infected and die. Recent inoculations of many of the same or related families from these parents, made from grafted ramets in a seed orchard, showed that Cr2 conditions a classical hypersensitive reaction (HR) in needle tissues, the primary infection courts. In the latter tests, seedlings were challenged with wild-type and four other sources of inoculum at and near CM that were also suspected of having wider virulence than wild type. No seedlings segregating for HR that were inoculated with wild type subsequently developed stem symptoms, but the other inocula induced both susceptible and HR needle spots on Cr2- genotypes, and many of these seedlings did develop stem infections. This implied that spore genotypes with specific virulence to Cr2 are carried in these inocula. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kinloch, BB Jr AU - Sniezko, R A AU - Barnes, G D AU - Greathouse, TE AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Forest Genetics, Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, bkinloch/psw@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 861 EP - 867 VL - 89 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Eastern white pine KW - White pine KW - Cr2 gene KW - USA, Oregon KW - USA, Washington KW - white pine blister rust KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Blister rust KW - Genes KW - Pinus strobus KW - Trees KW - Plant protection KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+Major+Gene+for+Resistance+to+White+Pine+Blister+Rust+in+Western+White+Pine+from+the+Western+Cascade+Range&rft.au=Kinloch%2C+BB+Jr%3BSniezko%2C+R+A%3BBarnes%2C+G+D%3BGreathouse%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Kinloch&rft.aufirst=BB&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus strobus; Genes; Disease resistance; Plant protection; Trees; Rust; Blister rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Rhizoctonia-Suppressive Potential in Response to Apple Roots AN - 17426091; 4647748 AB - Changes in the composition of soil microbial communities and relative disease-suppressive ability of resident microflora in response to apple cultivation were assessed in orchard soils from a site possessing trees established for 1 to 5 years. The fungal community from roots of apple seedlings grown in noncultivated orchard soil was dominated by isolates from genera commonly considered saprophytic. Plant-pathogenic fungi in the genera Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia constituted an increasing proportion of the fungal community isolated from seedling roots with increasing orchard block age. Bacillus megaterium and Burkholderia cepacia dominated the bacterial communities recovered from noncultivated soil and the rhizosphere of apple seedlings grown in orchard soil, respectively. Populations of the two bacteria in their respective habitats declined dramatically with increasing orchard block age. Lesion nematode populations did not differ among soil and root samples from orchard blocks of different ages. Similar changes in microbial communities were observed in response to planting noncultivated orchard soil to five successive cycles of 'Gala' apple seedlings. Pasteurization of soil had no effect on apple growth in noncultivated soil but significantly enhanced apple growth in third-year orchard block soil. Seedlings grown in pasteurized soil from the third-year orchard block were equal in size to those grown in noncultivated soil, demonstrating that suppression of plant growth resulted from changes in the composition of the soil microbial community. Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5 (AG 5) had no effect on growth of apple trees in noncultivated soil but significantly reduced the growth of apple trees in soil from third-year orchard soil. Changes in the ability of the resident soil microflora to suppress R. solani AG 5 were associated with reductions in the relative populations of Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida in the rhizosphere of apple. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 920 EP - 927 VL - 89 IS - 10 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - apple trees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Community structure KW - Trees KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - Rhizoctonia KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Saprophytes KW - Malus domestica KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+Soil+Microbial+Community+Structure+and+Rhizoctonia-Suppressive+Potential+in+Response+to+Apple+Roots&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burkholderia cepacia; Pseudomonas putida; Malus domestica; Rhizoctonia; Trees; Saprophytes; Soil microorganisms; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Horse Mountain Botanical Area Serpentine Revegetation Study AN - 17421587; 4647259 AB - We investigated the use of native plant species grown from locally collected seed in revegetating degraded serpentine sites. Objectives of the study were to assess the effects of various treatments on plant survival during revegetation and the suitability of four native plant species associated with the serpentine plant community for use in revegetating former mine sites. In association with a watershed project located in the Horse Mountain Botanical Area on the Six Rivers National Forest in northwestern California, we planted Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.), Port Orford cedar (Cupressus lawsoniana A. Murray), California coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica Eschsh.), and western azalea (Rhododendron occidentale [Torrey & A. Gray] A. Gray) along a decommissioned road (outsloped and decompacted) and at a mine tailing site. Three treatments were were used at both locations: (1) addition of topsoil, (2) application of ozmocote fertilizer, and (3) control. A chi-square analysis indicated that western azalea was the only species dependent on a treatment, specifically the fertilizer treatment. Although fertilizer enhanced survival of western azalea, its survival after three years was relatively low compared to the other species. With the exception of western azalea, all species survived across treatments at a 70% rate or higher. This study demonstrates that cultural treatments may not be necessary to ensure establishment for all species, and that locally collected native plant species can be used to revegetate serpentine sites degraded by past mining. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Hoover, L D AU - McRae, J D AU - McGee, E A AU - Cook, C AD - USDA Forest Service, Six Rivers National Forest, 1330 Bayshore Way, Eureka, CA 95501, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 361 EP - 367 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Black pine KW - California buckthron KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Indigenous species KW - Fertilization KW - Cupressus lawsoniana KW - Revegetation KW - Rhamnus californica KW - Survival KW - Mines KW - Soils (serpentine) KW - Rhododendron occidentale KW - Pinus jeffreyi KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Horse+Mountain+Botanical+Area+Serpentine+Revegetation+Study&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBerhow%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus jeffreyi; Cupressus lawsoniana; Rhamnus californica; Rhododendron occidentale; Revegetation; Soils (serpentine); Survival; Mines; Fertilization; Indigenous species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does a tradeoff exist between morphological and physiological root plasticity? A comparison of grass growth forms AN - 17421414; 4641727 AB - A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential tradeoff between morphological and physiological root plasticity in caespitose and rhizomatous grass growth forms in semi-arid and mesic communities. Morphological and physiological root plasticity were evaluated with in-growth cores and excised root assays, respectively. The rhizomatous grass in the semi-arid community was the only species to display significant physiological root plasticity, but all species possessed the capacity to proportionally increase super(15)N uptake with increasing concentrations of ( super(15)NH sub(4)) sub(2)SO sub(4) solution. Neither the caespitose nor the rhizomatous grass displayed morphological root plasticity in response to nitrogen addition in the mesic community. In contrast, significant morphological root plasticity occurred in species of both growth forms in the semi-arid community. These data suggest that the compact architecture and the ability to accumulate nutrients in soils directly beneath caespitose grasses did not increase selection pressure for physiological root plasticity at the expense of morphological root plasticity and that the coarse grained foraging strategy and low density of large diameter roots did not increase morphological root plasticity at the expense of physiological root plasticity in rhizomatous grasses. These preliminary data suggest that 1) a high maximum uptake rate for nitrogen in these perennial grasses may minimize the expression of physiological root plasticity, 2) morphological and physiological root plasticity may represent complimentary, rather than alternative, foraging strategies, and 3) the expression of root plasticity may be strongly influenced by abiotic variables within specific habitats. JF - Acta Oecologica AU - Derner, J D AU - Briske, D D AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Research Lab, USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd, Temple TX 76502-9601, USA, derner@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 519 EP - 526 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 1146-609X, 1146-609X KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Nutrient enrichment KW - Grasses KW - Morphology KW - Roots KW - Precipitation KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Oecologica&rft.atitle=Does+a+tradeoff+exist+between+morphological+and+physiological+root+plasticity%3F+A+comparison+of+grass+growth+forms&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BBriske%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Oecologica&rft.issn=1146609X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1146-609X%2800%2986619-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Roots; Morphology; Precipitation; Nutrient enrichment; Grasses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(00)86619-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landsat-Derived Serpentine Barren Classification for Locating McDonald's Rock Cress (Arabis macdonaldiana) AN - 17421050; 4647258 AB - Spectral signatures were developed using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery to find serpentine barren habitat occupied by the U.S. federally listed endangered plant species Arabis macdonaldiana Eastwood. Focussing on mapping barrens in the Klamath Mountains of Del Norte County, California, within the North Fork Smith River Basin, we developed four spectral signatures. We sampled spectral classes using 60 randomly located accuracy assessment points. Results were analyzed using chi-square contingency tables (alpha = 0.20) and forward variable-selection logistic regression. The dependent variable was presence/absence of A. macdonaldiana. Independent variables were spectral signature, percent slope, transformed aspect, and elevation. Using geographic information systems, we were able to determine the amount of barren habitat in each spectral class, by watershed. The null hypothesis that all four spectral classes had the same frequency of A. macdonaldiana was rejected (X super(2) = 6.07, 0.10 < p < 0.20), since class 4 was significantly different from the others (X super(2) = 5.49, 0.05 < p < 0.025). The logistic regression model showed an 85% probability of detecting A. macdonaldiana using spectral classes, percent slope, and elevation (R super(2) = 0.39, df = 3, X super(2) = 36.20). Probability of detection increased as percent slope increased at all elevations. The Upper North Fork Smith River had the highest amount of barren area. Spectral class 3 described 47.2% of the total amount of barren area, 1668.5 ha, in the basin. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Daniel, S L AU - Fox, L III AD - Region 5 USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Lab, 1920 20th Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA, sdaniel/r5_rsl@fs.ed.us Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 351 EP - 360 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Macdonald's rock-cress KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Remote sensing KW - Endangered species KW - Geographic information systems KW - Arabis macdonaldiana KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Microwave+remote+sensing+of+soil+moisture+for+estimation+of+profile+soil+property&rft.au=Mattikalli%2C+N+M%3BEngman%2C+E+T%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BJackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Mattikalli&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arabis macdonaldiana; Remote sensing; Endangered species; Geographic information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shrub invasion of grassland: Recruitment is continuous and not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density AN - 17407820; 4634478 AB - Proliferation of woody plants in grasslands and savannas since the 1800s has been widely documented. In the southwestern United States, increased abundance of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa) has been attributed to heavy grazing by livestock. Here, we test the hypothesis that P. glandulosa invasion of grasslands requires, first, reductions in herbaceous biomass and density such as those that accompany livestock grazing and, second, episodes of high soil moisture availability. No combination of grass density (nonmanipulated or reduced 50%) or defoliation (none, moderate, heavy) significantly affected P. glandulosa seedling emergence within a watering regime (natural and supplemented) at our field site in semiarid southern Texas. Seedling emergence on plots receiving only natural rainfall was high (42%), despite the fact that precipitation was substantially below normal. Supplemental watering, to generate moisture levels approximating years of unusually high annual rainfall, increased emergence to 59%. Seedling survival after 2 yr was high (62-77%) and statistically comparable across the density, defoliation, and watering treatments. Net photosynthesis (A sub(n)) of 1-yr-old seedlings was enhanced by supplemental watering, but reductions in grass density or biomass had little effect on seedling A sub(n) or xylem water potential. Height, aboveground biomass, and leaf area were comparable among 1- and 2-yr-old seedings across all density, defoliation, and watering combinations. High seedling emergence and survival on unwatered plots, even during a "drought year," suggests that Prosopis recruitment is not contingent upon unusual or episodic rainfall. Reductions in biomass and density of herbaceous vegetation had no influence on seedling emergence, growth, or survival, suggesting that Prosopis invasion is minimally influenced by grass competition. Historic grazing at this site appears to have altered herbaceous composition and reduced above- and below ground biomass production below the threshold level required for competitive exclusion of woody vegetation. Such data suggest that rates and patterns of seed dispersal may be the primary determinants of P. glandulosa encroachment on present-day landscapes in semiarid regions. Minimizing livestock dispersal of seed (in the case of leguminous shrubs) and maintenance of an effective fire regime (through production of fine fuels) may be crucial for sustaining herbaceous composition and production in grazed systems prone to invasion by unpalatable woody plants. JF - Ecology AU - Brown, J R AU - Archer, S AD - USDA/NRCS, Jornada Experimental Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-0003 USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 2385 EP - 2396 VL - 80 IS - 7 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Invasiveness KW - Grazing KW - Recruitment KW - Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa KW - Disturbance KW - Range management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Shrub+invasion+of+grassland%3A+Recruitment+is+continuous+and+not+regulated+by+herbaceous+biomass+or+density&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+R%3BArcher%2C+S&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa; Grasslands; Invasiveness; Disturbance; Grazing; Range management; Recruitment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated CO sub(2) and plant structure: a review AN - 17402256; 4626699 AB - Consequences of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration on plant structure, an important determinant of physiological and competitive success, have not received sufficient attention in the literature. Understanding how increasing carbon input will influence plant developmental processes, and resultant form, will help bridge the gap between physiological response and ecosystem level phenomena. Growth in elevated CO sub(2) alters plant structure through its effects on both primary and secondary meristems of shoots and roots. Although not well established, a review of the literature suggests that cell division, cell expansion, and cell patterning may be affected, driven mainly by increased substrate (sucrose) availability and perhaps also by differential expression of genes involved in cell cycling (e.g. cyclins) or cell expansion (e.g. xyloglucan endotransglycosylase). Few studies, however, have attempted to elucidate the mechanistic basis for increased growth at the cellular level. Regardless of specific mechanisms involved, plant leaf size and anatomy are often altered by growth in elevated CO sub(2), but the magnitude of these changes, which often decreases as leaves mature, hinges upon plant genetic plasticity, nutrient availability, temperature, and phenology. Increased leaf growth results more often from increased cell expansion rather than increased division. Leaves of crop species exhibit greater increases in leaf thickness than do leaves of wild species. Increased mesophyll and vascular tissue cross-sectional areas, important determinates of photosynthetic rates and assimilate transport capacity, are often reported. Few studies, however, have quantified characteristics more reflective of leaf function such as spatial relationships among chlorenchyma cells (size, orientation, and surface area), intercellular spaces, and conductive tissue. Greater leaf size and/or more leaves per plant are often noted; plants grown in elevated CO sub(2) exhibited increased leaf area per plant in 66% of studies, compared to 28% of observations reporting no change, and 6% reported a decrease in whole plant leaf area. This resulted in an average net increase in leaf area per plant of 24%. Crop species showed the greatest average increase in whole plant leaf area (+37%) compared to tree species (+14%) and wild, nonwoody species (+15%). Conversely, tree species and wild, nontrees showed the greatest reduction in specific leaf area (-14% and -20%) compared to crop plants (-6%). Alterations in developmental processes at the shoot apex and within the vascular cambium contributed to increased plant height, altered branching characteristics, and increased stem diameters. The ratio of internode length to node number often increased, but the length and sometimes the number of branches per node was greater, suggesting reduced apical dominance. Data concerning effects of elevated CO sub(2) on stem/branch anatomy, vital for understanding potential shifts in functional relationships of leaves with stems, roots with stems, and leaves with roots, are too few to make generalizations. Growth in elevated CO sub(2) typically leads to increased root length, diameter, and altered branching patterns. Altered branching characteristics in both shoots and roots may impact competitive relationships above and below the ground. Understanding how increased carbon assimilation affects growth processes (cell division, cell expansion, and cell patterning) will facilitate a better understanding of how plant form will change as atmospheric CO sub(2) increases. Knowing how basic growth processes respond to increased carbon inputs may also provide a mechanistic basis for the differential phenotypic plasticity exhibited by different plant species/functional types to elevated CO sub(2). JF - Global Change Biology AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Rogers, H H AU - Prior, SA AU - Peterson, C M AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL 36832, USA, pritcsg@mail.auburn.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 807 EP - 837 VL - 5 IS - 7 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Ecophysiology KW - Growth KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Carbon dioxide KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+plant+structure%3A+a+review&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+S+G%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BPeterson%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physiology; Reviews; Growth; Plants; Carbon dioxide; Ecophysiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of excision and swabbing sampling methods to determine the microbiological quality of swine carcass surfaces AN - 17382295; 4608232 AB - Although different sampling methods are available to determine the microbiological quality of animal carcass surfaces, these vary in their ability to recover bacteria quantitatively. In this study, excision and swabbing (one-site vs three-site) sampling methods were compared for their recovery (both numbers and incidence) of total aerobic bacteria (APC), total coliforms, and Escherichia coli biotype I from swine carcass surfaces. In addition, the effect of refrigerated storage (to simulate shipment to an off-site laboratory) was investigated, as well as the effectiveness of the one vs three anatomical site swabbing methods. Based on samples from 120 market swine carcasses, the excision method recovered the highest levels (P>0.05) of all three groups of bacteria (APCs, coliforms, and E.coli), followed by the three-site method and finally the one-site method. For the APCs, the recovery, given as log cfu cm super(-2), were 4.7, 4.0 and 3.3 respectively for excision, three-site swab, and one-site swab methods; for coliforms, the recovery was 2.1, 0.3 and -0.1 respectively; and for E.coli it was 2.4, 0.3, and -0.3 respectively. Comparing the swabbing methods, the three-site swab method recovered higher levels (P>0.05) of the three groups of bacteria than the one-site swab method, with the ham being responsible for this increased recovery. Excision and the three-site swab method gave a higher incidence of E. coli (45 and 58 positive (one colony on one of the duplicate plates) out of 120 carcasses respectively) than the one-site swab method (23 positive out of 120 carcasses). Storage of the swabs overnight in the cold did not cause a decrease (P>0.05) in either the number or incidence of bacteria recovered. These data indicate that while the excision method will recover the highest number and incidence of bacteria, swabbing methods can provide an alternative to this more labor intensive and destructive method. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Klein, P AU - Capra, J AU - Eblen, S AU - Miller, A J AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, 19038, Pennsylvania, USA, spaulumbo@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 459 EP - 464 PB - Academic Press VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Coliforms KW - Carcasses KW - Food KW - Escherichia coli KW - Sampling KW - Enumeration KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+excision+and+swabbing+sampling+methods+to+determine+the+microbiological+quality+of+swine+carcass+surfaces&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+SA%3BKlein%2C+P%3BCapra%2C+J%3BEblen%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1998.0259 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Coliforms; Enumeration; Food; Meat; Carcasses; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1998.0259 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of soil organic carbon under forests, cool-season and warm-season grasses in the northeastern US AN - 17379757; 4604450 AB - There is insufficient information on whether or not soil organic carbon (SOC) under forest and grass vegetation differs, and such information is needed by conservation programs targeted for C sequestration. When these contrasting types of vegetation are used for restoration of degraded riparian areas, evaluation of water-extractable and bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (WEOC and BDOC, respectively) is also important for assessing their potential in supplying available SOC for microbial degradation of nonpoint-source pollutants (e.g. nitrate removal by denitrification). Our objective was to compare the total SOC, WEOC and BDOC under forests, cool-season (C sub(3)) and warm-season (C sub(4)) grasses in the northeastern U S. Six locations were selected which had mature stands of forests, C sub(3) and C sub(4) grasses. The total SOC, WEOC and BDOC were measured to a depth of 1 m. Analysis based on pooled data from all locations showed no difference in total SOC under forest (averages between 17-48 Mg C ha super(-1) at 0-5 cm depth), C sub(3) (19-35 mg C ha super(-1)) and C sub(4) grasses (13-39 mg C ha super(-1)). However, analysis conducted at each location indicated that total SOC was, in part, influenced by vegetation age. When vegetation age is the same, temperature was also implicated to influence changes in SOC. Neither forests nor C sub(3) and C sub(4) grasses consistently supported the highest amounts of WEOC, BDOC and the proportion of BDOC to WEOC (%BDOC) across locations. The %BDOC ranged from 2 to 84% and averages were 47% under forest, 49% under C sub(3) grass, 39% under C sub(4) grass, 41% above 60 cm depth, 47% below 60 cm depth. The uniform %BDOC with depth suggested similar amounts of available C resource for denitrifiers under these vegetation types. Conversion of C sub(3) grass to C sub(4) grass resulted to a loss of SOC during the early years of C sub(4) grass establishment. It took 16 to 18 y after planting for the total SOC under C sub(4) grass to approach that under the original C sub(3) grass. Under 16-y and 18-y C sub(4) grasses, the contribution of C sub(4)-derived SOC ranged from 53% to 72% of the total SOC under the original C sub(3) grass. The slow accumulation of C sub(4)-derived SOC is an important consideration for its use in restoring riparian and conservation areas in the northeastern US. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Corre, MD AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Shaffer, JA AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA, mcorre@gwdg.de Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1531 EP - 1539 VL - 31 IS - 11 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - soil organic carbon KW - USA, Northeast KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Organic matter KW - Forests KW - Soil nutrients KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soil+organic+carbon+under+forests%2C+cool-season+and+warm-season+grasses+in+the+northeastern+US&rft.au=Corre%2C+MD%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R%3BShaffer%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Corre&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2899%2900074-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic matter; Soil nutrients; Forests; Grasslands DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00074-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape patterns of understory composition and richness across a moisture and nitrogen mineralization gradient in Ohio (U.S.A.) Quercus forests AN - 17375190; 4600468 AB - This study quantified relationships of understory vascular plant species composition and richness along environmental gradients over a broad spatial scale in second-growth oak forests in eastern North America. Species frequencies were recorded in 108 25 x 25 m plots in four study sites extending over 70 km in southern Ohio, U.S.A.. The plots were stratified into three long-term soil moisture classes with a GIS-derived integrated moisture index (IMI). In addition to the IMI, the environmental data matrix included eight soil and three overstory variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that variations in understory species composition were most strongly related to topographic variations in predicted moisture (IMI), N mineralization rate, nitrification rate, and soil pH. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Hutchinson, T F AU - Boerner, R E AU - Iverson, L R AU - Sutherland, S AU - Sutherland, E K AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeast Forest Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015 USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 177 EP - 189 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 144 IS - 2 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Oaks KW - USA, Ohio KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Community composition KW - Quercus KW - Forests KW - Mineralization KW - Water availability KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Species richness KW - Understory KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Landscape+patterns+of+understory+composition+and+richness+across+a+moisture+and+nitrogen+mineralization+gradient+in+Ohio+%28U.S.A.%29+Quercus+forests&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+T+F%3BBoerner%2C+R+E%3BIverson%2C+L+R%3BSutherland%2C+S%3BSutherland%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1009804020976 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Understory; Community composition; Species richness; Nutrient concentrations; Water availability; Mineralization; Forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009804020976 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentations with New Recombinant Organisms AN - 17346936; 4622450 AB - United States fuel ethanol production in 1998 exceeded the record production of 1.4 billion gallons set in 1995. Most of this ethanol was produced from over 550 million bushels of corn. Expanding fuel ethanol production will require developing lower-cost feedstocks, and only lignocellulosic feedstocks are available in sufficient quantities to substitute for corn starch. Major technical hurdles to converting lignocellulose to ethanol include the lack of low-cost efficient enzymes for saccharification of biomass to fermentable sugars and the development of microorganisms for the fermentation of these mixed sugars. To date, the most successful research approaches to develop novel biocatalysts that will efficiently ferment mixed sugar syrups include isolation of novel yeasts that ferment xylose, genetic engineering of Escherichia coli and other gram negative bacteria for ethanol production, and genetic engineering of Saccharoymces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis for pentose utilization. We have evaluated the fermentation of corn fiber hydrolyzates by the various strains developed. E. coli K011, E. coli SL40, E. coli FBR3, Zymomonas CP4 (pZB5), and Saccharomyces 1400 (pLNH32) fermented corn fiber hydrolyzates to ethanol in the range of 21-34 g/L with yields ranging from 0.41 to 0.50 g of ethanol per gram of sugar consumed. Progress with new recombinant microorganisms has been rapid and will continue with the eventual development of organisms suitable for commercial ethanol production. Each research approach holds considerable promise, with the possibility existing that different "industrially hardened" strains may find separate applications in the fermentation of specific feedstocks. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Bothast, R J AU - Nichols, N N AU - Dien, B S AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 867 EP - 875 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Reviews KW - Feeds KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17346936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Fermentations+with+New+Recombinant+Organisms&rft.au=Bothast%2C+R+J%3BNichols%2C+N+N%3BDien%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Bothast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp990087w LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Zymomonas mobilis; Feeds; Reviews; Fermentation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp990087w ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimized ribotyping protocol applied to Hungarian Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates: identification of two novel ribotypes AN - 17408320; 4633646 AB - We reported previously that ribotype patterns generated with PvuII and a probe derived from the Escherichia coli rrnB gene could be used to differentiate isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica. In the present study we report modifications made to the original ribotyping procedure that permit detection in the formerly characterized isolates of an additional 8 fragments with homology to rrnB. Ribotypes were redefined to include these fragments. Although this modification did not permit the detection of novel ribotypes from the previously characterized isolates, it did result in a more accurate reclassification of five of these isolates to other existing ribotypes. It was hypothesized that the additional fragments could form the basis for novel ribotypes in future analyses, and this was supported by the subsequent evaluation of 101 previously uncharacterized pig, rabbit, and dog B. bronchiseptica isolates from Hungary. A total of six different patterns were detected from this group, including two previously not identified that were designated ribotypes 17 and 18. The profile of ribotype 17 includes a novel fragment not associated with any other ribotype. A subset of the fragments constituting ribotype 18, essential for its differentiation from other ribotypes, is only detectable under the modified conditions reported here. Hungarian swine isolates are highly clonal, since 98.2% were identified as ribotype 3. Similarly, 83.7% of rabbit isolates from Hungary are also ribotype 3. Cluster analysis revealed that despite the existence of numerous ribotypes, B. bronchiseptica isolates display limited heterogeneity. The ability to detect additional ribotypes under the modified conditions described in this study strengthens the usefulness of ribotyping as an epidemiologic tool. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Register, K B AU - Magyar, T AD - Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 29 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - isolates KW - methodology KW - Hungary KW - ribotyping KW - rrnB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Typing KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17408320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Optimized+ribotyping+protocol+applied+to+Hungarian+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+isolates%3A+identification+of+two+novel+ribotypes&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BMagyar%2C+T&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-09-29&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2899%2900118-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Typing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00118-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic hybridization between the zinc accumulator Thlaspi caerulescens and Brassica napus AN - 17340367; 4599352 AB - Somatic hybrids between the zinc hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens and Brassica napus were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts isolated from each species. Optimization of electrofusion parameters yielded interspecies heteroplasmic fusion rates of up to 13%. Hybrids were selected by screening the growing calli for Zn tolerance. In addition, a second novel selection technique was developed based on the observation that a high proportion of hybrid microcalli grown in liquid media did not adhere to the wall of the culture vessel, while microcalli derived from parental cells did. Seventeen from a total of 64 regenerated plants were conclusively verified as hybrids by AFLP DNA analysis. The hybrid plants were grown in soil for up to 4 months, and at least five flowered. Several of these hybrids survived when grown on high-zinc media. These hybrids accumulated levels of zinc and cadmium that would have been toxic for B. napus. The data indicate that transfer of the trait for metal hyperaccumulation in plants is possible through somatic hybridization. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Brewer, E P AU - Saunders, JA AU - Angle, J S AU - Chaney, R L AU - McIntosh AD - Climate Stress Laboratory, NRI, ARS, USDA, Building 50, Room 100, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, saund10449@aol.com Y1 - 1999/09/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 22 SP - 761 EP - 771 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 99 IS - 5 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - electrofusion KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Plant breeding KW - Thlaspi caerulescens KW - Zinc KW - Brassica napus KW - Cadmium KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17340367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=A+Monoclonal+Antibody-based+Immunoassay+for+the+Detection+of+Ceftiofur+in+Milk&rft.au=Stanker%2C+L+H%3BBuckley%2C+S%3BMuldoon%2C+M%3BMoats%2C+WA%3BBraswell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Stanker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassica napus; Thlaspi caerulescens; Zinc; Plant breeding; Cadmium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051295 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of 2,3-butanediol by newly isolated Enterobacter cloacae AN - 17338375; 4599514 AB - Enterobacter cloacae NRRL B-23289 was isolated from local decaying wood/corn soil samples while screening for microorganisms for conversion of l-arabinose to fuel ethanol. The major product of fermentation by the bacterium was meso-2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). In a typical fermentation, a BD yield of 0.4 g/g arabinose was obtained with a corresponding productivity of 0.63 g/l per hour at an initial arabinose concentration of 50 g/l. The effects of initial arabinose concentration, temperature, pH, agitation, various monosaccharides, and multiple sugar mixtures on 2,3-BD production were investigated. BD productivity, yield, and byproduct formation were influenced significantly within these parameters. The bacterium utilized sugars from acid plus enzyme saccharified corn fiber and produced BD (0.35 g/g available sugars). It also produced BD from dilute acid pretreated corn fiber by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (0.34 g/g theoretical sugars). JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 22 SP - 321 EP - 326 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - 2,3-Butanediol KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Wood KW - Soil KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - Zea mays KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32355:Lipids and sterols KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17338375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+2%2C3-butanediol+by+newly+isolated+Enterobacter+cloacae&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-22&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051526 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter cloacae; Zea mays; Soil; Fermentation; Wood DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051526 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model study of kB super(-) sub(bH super(1) for vegetated surfaces using localized near-field' Lagrangian theory AN - 17276429; 4598578 AB - Models of energy and mass exchange between vegetation canopies and the atmosphere usually include some formulation of the bulk boundary layer resistance (R sub(b) or the related parameter kB super(-1))) to describe the effects of molecular diffusion occurring near the leaf and soil surfaces. Present formulations of kB super(-1) are either empirical expressions or are physically based models derived from a K-theory approach. However, K-theory does not describe the observed counter gradient flow within canopies and the empirical expressions usually lump both canopy and soil effects into a single surface resistance (single source approach). For areas of partial canopy cover, single source formulations have been difficult to formulate with any certainty and often do not agree with observations. This study uses 'localized near-field' (LNF) Lagrangian theory to develop a model of kB super(-1) (for heat transfer) for the vegetation component of a dual source model and for the combined effects of canopy and soil in a single source approach. The present model also uses a physically based, one-dimensional, analytical model to describe the influence of canopy structure and density upon the within-canopy far field diffusivity and Lagrangian time scale which are central to the LNF Lagrangian theory. The canopy turbulence model is designed for arbitrary foliage structure and density and kB super(-1) is defined in terms of heat and momentum fluxes rather than the more conventional logarithm of the ratio of the momentum and thermal roughness lengths. The resulting kB super(-1) model is used for sensitivity studies of kB super(-1) for canopies only (i.e. no soil contribution) and for the coupled canopy-soil system (i.e. a single source model). Results indicate that foliage density (Drag Area Index or Leaf Area Index), wind speed, leaf size, possible sheltering effects, and, to a lesser extent, the vertical foliage distribution and the vertical variation of the temperature difference between the foliage and the near-leaf air space can influence kB super(-1). For the single source model the soil boundary layer resistance was found to be significant for areas of partial canopy cover. In spite of the relative complexity of the full LNF model of kB super(-1), a simple expression that varies smoothly between bare soil and full canopy cover is developed that captures much of the modeled and observed variation in kB super(-1) for the single source approach. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Massman, W J AD - USDA/Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Res. Stn., 240 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, massman_william_j/rmrss.fed.us Y1 - 1999/09/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 22 SP - 27 EP - 43 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 223 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Boundary layers KW - Energy KW - Temperature KW - Vegetation KW - Atmosphere KW - Canopy KW - Heat transfer KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+model+study+of+kB+super%28-%29+sub%28bH+super%281%29+for+vegetated+surfaces+using+localized+near-field%27+Lagrangian+theory&rft.au=Massman%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Massman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-22&rft.volume=223&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy; Boundary layers; Temperature; Vegetation; Atmosphere; Canopy; Heat transfer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil AN - 17402136; 4633345 AB - Accelerated solvent extraction, or ASE, is a new extraction technique that is similar in principle to Soxhlet extraction, but the use of elevated temperature and pressure with ASE allows the extraction to be completed within a short time and with a small quantity of solvent. In this study, we investigated the effect of residue aging, solvent type, and ASE conditions on the recovery of atrazine and alachlor from different soils and compared the efficiency of ASE with that of Soxhlet and solvent-shake extractions. With ASE, the use of dichloromethane-acetone (1:1, v/v) or methanol as solvent resulted in significantly greater pesticide recovery than hexane. After the residue was aged for >2 weeks, pesticide recovery was significantly influenced by the extraction temperature in ASE vessel, and the recovery increased to 130-140 degree C and then decreased. The efficiency of ASE was generally better than that for Soxhlet or shake extraction using methanol-water (4:1, v/v). ASE extraction also consumed considerably less solvent than the other two conventional methods. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Gan, J AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Yates AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 15 SP - 3249 EP - 3253 VL - 33 IS - 18 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Solvent extraction KW - Pesticide residues KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Accelerated+Solvent+Extraction+%28ASE%29+for+Analysis+of+Pesticide+Residues+in+Soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BYates&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solvent extraction; Pesticide residues; Soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire effects on belowground sustainability. A review and synthesis AN - 20197189; 4569318 AB - The overall effects of fire on ecosystems are complex, ranging from the reduction or elimination of aboveground biomass to impacts on belowground physical, chemical and microbial mediated processes. Since a key component of overall ecosystem sustainability occurs belowground, recovery is tied to the soil's physical, chemical, and biological functions and processes. Depending on several fire severity measures, changes in belowground components can be either beneficial or deleterious to the entire ecosystem. Low-impact burning can promote a herbaceous flora, increase plant available nutrients, and thin over-crowded forests, all of which can foster healthy systems. Severe fires can often cause changes in successional rates, alter above- and belowground species composition, generate volatilization of nutrients and ash entrainment in smoke columns, produce rapid or decreased mineralization rates, alter C : N ratios, and result in subsequent nutrient losses through accelerated erosion, leaching or denitrification. In addition, changes in soil hydrologic functioning, degradation of soil physical properties, decreases in micro- and macrofauna, and alterations in microbial populations and associated processes can occur. The direct effect of fire on belowground systems is a result of the burning severity, which integrates aboveground fuel loading (live and dead), soil moisture and subsequent soil temperatures, and duration of the burn. The time for recovery of belowground systems will not only depend on the burning intensity and its effect on key ecosystem processes and components, but also on the previous land-use practices. Thus, the impacts of fire on belowground systems can be highly variable and may not be predictable. Our paper is a general review of the effects of fire on belowground systems with emphasis placed on the changes in physical, biogeochemical and biological properties of soils and the resulting consequences these changes have for ecosystem sustainability. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Neary, D G AU - Klopatek, C C AU - DeBano, L F AU - Ffolliott, P F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA Y1 - 1999/09/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 13 SP - 51 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 122 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - Forest management KW - Environmental impact KW - Flora KW - Sustainable development KW - Forests KW - Nutrients KW - Biomass KW - Succession KW - Land use KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Smoke KW - Reviews KW - Species composition KW - Burning KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20197189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Fire+effects+on+belowground+sustainability.+A+review+and+synthesis&rft.au=Neary%2C+D+G%3BKlopatek%2C+C+C%3BDeBano%2C+L+F%3BFfolliott%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Neary&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-13&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900032-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Forest management; Fires; Flora; Nutrients; Succession; Biomass; Ecosystem disturbance; Land use; Smoke; Reviews; Species composition; Burning; Environmental impact; Forests; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00032-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic deposition and sustainable forest management in the central Appalachians, USA AN - 19409094; 4569315 AB - Long-term productivity of mixed-species forests in the central Appalachian region of the United States may be threatened by changes in base cation availability of the soil. These changes may be due to increased intensity of harvest removals and a shift toward shorter rotations that result in increased removal of calcium and magnesium in aboveground biomass, and through altered nutrient cycling. Atmospheric deposition, particularly of nitrogen, also affects nutrient cycling by increasing leaching of base cations from the soil in soil solution, and by altering the rate of nutrient cycling. In this paper, I present evidence for nitrogen saturation of forested ecosystems in the central Appalachians, discuss the symptoms and implications for productivity as well as the effects of changes in timber harvesting rates and intensity on nutrient cycling, and evaluate the potential for interaction between these two stressors. Indicators of changes in productivity of extensively managed forests due to base cation depletion are also discussed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 404, Parsons West Virginia 26287 USA Y1 - 1999/09/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 13 SP - 17 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 122 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Forest management KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Acid rain KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Indicators KW - Soil chemistry KW - Forests KW - Soil Solution KW - Forest Management KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Acid Rain KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Productivity KW - Acid deposition KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19409094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Acidic+deposition+and+sustainable+forest+management+in+the+central+Appalachians%2C+USA&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-13&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900029-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Soil chemistry; Nutrient cycles; Acid deposition; Pollutant deposition; Acid rain; Forests; Environmental Effects; Acid Rain; Soil Chemistry; Cycling Nutrients; Indicators; Soil Solution; Productivity; Forest Management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00029-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryptosporidium parvum in oysters from commercial harvesting sites in the Chesapeake Bay. AN - 70823866; 10511528 AB - Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, a zoonotic waterborne pathogen, can be removed by bivalve molluscs from contaminated water and retained on gills and in hemolymph. We identified oocysts of C. parvum in oysters from seven sites in the Chesapeake Bay area. These findings document the presence of C. parvum infectious for humans in oysters intended for human consumption. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Fayer, R AU - Lewis, E J AU - Trout, J M AU - Graczyk, T K AU - Jenkins, M C AU - Higgins, J AU - Xiao, L AU - Lal, A A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. rfayer@lpsi.barc.usda.gov PY - 1999 SP - 706 EP - 710 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Maryland KW - Water Pollution KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- isolation & purification KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- pathogenicity KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- genetics KW - Ostreidae -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70823866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Cryptosporidium+parvum+in+oysters+from+commercial+harvesting+sites+in+the+Chesapeake+Bay.&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BLewis%2C+E+J%3BTrout%2C+J+M%3BGraczyk%2C+T+K%3BJenkins%2C+M+C%3BHiggins%2C+J%3BXiao%2C+L%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Nov 11;19(21):6048 [1945889] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Mar;64(3):1070-4 [9501446] J Parasitol. 1998 Feb;84(1):182-6 [9488364] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Feb;64(2):427-30 [9464376] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Neurospora crassa mutants isolated following repeat-induced point mutation of the beta subunit of fatty acid synthase. AN - 70752611; 10501937 AB - Neurospora crassa cel-2 mutants were isolated following repeat-induced point mutation using part of the gene encoding beta-fatty acid synthase. These mutants are phenotypically less leaky than cel-1, which has a defective alpha-fatty acid synthase. The cel-2 mutant had a strict fatty acid (16:0) requirement for growth, and synthesized less fatty acid de novo than cel-1. Unlike cel-1, cel-2 has impaired fertility, and homozygous crosses are infertile, suggesting a low but strict requirement for fatty acid synthesis during sexual development. Like cel-1, cel-2 synthesized unusually high levels of the polyunsaturate 18:3(Delta9,12,15), and elongated 18:2(Delta9,12 )and 18:3(Delta9,12,15 )to 20:2(Delta11,14) and 20:3(Delta11,14,17), respectively. These fatty acids are not synthesized by wild-type, except following treatment with cerulenin (a fatty acid synthase inhibitor), demonstrating that inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis results in a relative increase in both fatty acid desaturation and elongation activity. JF - Current genetics AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Jacobson, D J AU - Stafford, A E AU - Lin, J T AU - McKeon, T A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 147 EP - 152 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acid Synthases KW - EC 2.3.1.85 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Alleles KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Mutagenesis KW - Fatty Acids -- metabolism KW - Neurospora crassa -- genetics KW - Fatty Acid Synthases -- genetics KW - Point Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70752611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Neurospora+crassa+mutants+isolated+following+repeat-induced+point+mutation+of+the+beta+subunit+of+fatty+acid+synthase.&rft.au=Goodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BJacobson%2C+D+J%3BStafford%2C+A+E%3BLin%2C+J+T%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Goodrich-Tanrikulu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capsicum-laden soils decrease contact time by northern pocket gophers. AN - 70055162; 10497966 AB - Fossorial rodents damage lawns/water impoundments/crops. We conducted a two-choice, parametric-type study to determine the effects of capsicum-oleoresin/soil mixtures (0.00, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25%) upon soil-contact, soil-digging, and pelage-grooming behaviors in northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). In 3 alternate-day (1-h/day) exposures to > or = 1.50% capsicum-oleoresin soil mixtures, gophers decreased mean soil contact time by 46% relative to placebo-exposed animals. Grooming time yielded a concentration x trial interaction that showed intense grooming by capsicum-exposed animals during trial 1, with "convergence" of times to near those of the "placebos" (0.00% capsicum oleoresin) by trial 3. The significant decrease in grooming activity was attributed to the gophers' reduced contact with capsicum soil across repeated exposures, rather than to chemical habituation. Soil-digging behaviors were minimally affected. Results demonstrate the feasibility of deterring gopher habitation by mixing chemical irritants in soil. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Sterner, R T AU - Hollenbeck, K A AU - Shumake, S A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA. ray.t.sterner@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 455 EP - 458 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Grooming -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Appetitive Behavior -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Rodentia -- psychology KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Pest Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70055162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Capsicum-laden+soils+decrease+contact+time+by+northern+pocket+gophers.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T%3BHollenbeck%2C+K+A%3BShumake%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader. AN - 70047798; 10490282 AB - Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in various degenerative diseases in aging. In an attempt to quantify OS in a cell model, we examined OS induced by incubating for 30 min with various free radical generators in PC12 cells by using the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, modified for use by a fluorescent microplate reader. The nonfluorescent fluorescin derivatives (dichlorofluorescin, DCFH), after being oxidized by various oxidants, will become DCF and emit fluorescence. By quantifying the fluorescence, we were able to quantify the OS. Our results indicated that the fluorescence varied linearly with increasing concentrations (between 0.1 and 1 mM) of H2O2 and 2,2'-azobios(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH; a peroxyl radical generator). By contrast, the fluorescence varied as a nonlinear response to increasing concentrations of 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1; a peroxynitrite generator), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a nitric oxide generator), and dopamine. Dopamine had a biphasic effect; it decreased the DCF fluorescence, thus acting as an antioxidant, at concentrations <500 microM in cells, but acted as a pro-oxidant by increasing the fluorescence at 1 mM. While SNP was not a strong pro-oxidant, SIN-1 was the most potent pro-oxidant among those tested, inducing a 70 times increase of fluorescence at a concentration of 100 microM compared with control. Collectively, due to its indiscriminate nature to various free radicals, DCF can be very useful in quantifying overall OS in cells, especially when used in conjunction with a fluorescent microplate reader. This method is reliable and efficient for evaluating the potency of pro-oxidants and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants against OS in cells. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Wang, H AU - Joseph, J A AD - Neuroscience Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. wang_us@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 612 EP - 616 VL - 27 IS - 5-6 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Fluoresceins KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitric Oxide Donors KW - Oxidants KW - Nitroprusside KW - 169D1260KM KW - diacetyldichlorofluorescein KW - 2044-85-1 KW - linsidomine KW - 5O5U71P6VQ KW - 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) KW - 7381JDR72F KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Molsidomine KW - D46583G77X KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide Donors -- pharmacology KW - Free Radicals -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Amidines -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- pharmacology KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Molsidomine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Nitroprusside -- pharmacology KW - PC12 Cells KW - Molsidomine -- pharmacology KW - Fluoresceins -- chemistry KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70047798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Quantifying+cellular+oxidative+stress+by+dichlorofluorescein+assay+using+microplate+reader.&rft.au=Wang%2C+H%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive thermal inactivation model for Listeria monocytogenes with temperature, pH, NaCl, and sodium pyrophosphate as controlling factors. AN - 70046842; 10492471 AB - The effects and interactions of heating temperature (55 to 65 degrees C), pH (4 to 8), salt (NaCl; 0 to 6%, wt/vol), and sodium pyrophosphate (SPP; 0 to 0.3%, wt/vol) on the heat inactivation of a four-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in beef gravy were examined. A factorial experimental design comparing 48 combinations of heating temperature, salt concentration, pH value, and SPP content was used. Heating was carried out using a submerged-coil heating apparatus. The recovery medium was plate count agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. Decimal reduction times (D-values) were calculated by fitting a survival model to the data with a curve-fitting program. The D-values were analyzed by second-order response surface regression for temperature, pH, NaCl, and SPP levels. Whereas increasing the NaCl concentration protected L. monocytogenes against the lethal effect of heat, high SPP concentrations increased heat sensitivity. Also, low pH values increased heat sensitivity of L. monocytogenes. The four variables interacted to affect the inactivation of the pathogen. Thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes can be lowered by combining these intrinsic factors. A predictive model that described the combined effect of temperature, pH, NaCl, and SPP levels on thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes was developed. The model can predict D-values for any combination of temperature, pH, NaCl, and SPP that are within the range of those tested. Using this predictive model, food processors should be able to design adequate thermal regimes to eliminate L. monocytogenes in thermally processed foods. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Juneja, V K AU - Eblen, B S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 986 EP - 993 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Diphosphates KW - 0 KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - sodium pyrophosphate KW - O352864B8Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Models, Biological KW - Cell Survival KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Diphosphates -- pharmacology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Sodium Chloride -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70046842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Predictive+thermal+inactivation+model+for+Listeria+monocytogenes+with+temperature%2C+pH%2C+NaCl%2C+and+sodium+pyrophosphate+as+controlling+factors.&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BEblen%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=986&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of diacetyl on controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in the presence of starter culture in a laboratory medium and during meat fermentation. AN - 70045302; 10492469 AB - Diacetyl is a flavor compound that possesses antimicrobial activity and is found in several dairy products. The effect of diacetyl on controlling the growth of two foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, when grown with Pediococcus acidilactici as a meat starter culture was evaluated in a laboratory medium and during salami fermentation. Diacetyl (50 ppm) added to each mixed culture system strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in the laboratory medium (brain heart infusion, 2.3% of NaCl, 0.75% of dextrose) (P 0.05). After 24 h meat fermentation, about a 1.0-log CFU/g difference occurred in numbers of each foodborne pathogen mixed with P. acidilactici (P < 0.05) with and without 300 ppm diacetyl. Diacetyl and the acid produced by the meat starter culture reduced the growth of the two foodborne pathogens during salami fermentation. These results suggest that diacetyl can be used as a food ingredient during meat fermentation to control E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium without harmful effects on the growth and acid production of P. acidilactici. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Kang, D H AU - Fung, D Y AD - Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600, USA. kang@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 975 EP - 979 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Diacetyl KW - K324J5K4HM KW - Index Medicus KW - Pediococcus -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Spices KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Diacetyl -- pharmacology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70045302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+diacetyl+on+controlling+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+Typhimurium+in+the+presence+of+starter+culture+in+a+laboratory+medium+and+during+meat+fermentation.&rft.au=Kang%2C+D+H%3BFung%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity relationships of quercetin in antagonizing hydrogen peroxide-induced calcium dysregulation in PC12 cells. AN - 70038848; 10490289 AB - Oxidative stress can induce neurotoxic insults by increasing intracellular calcium (Ca2+), which has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases in aging. Previously, we showed that hydrogen peroxide induced calcium dysregulation in PC12 cells, as evidenced by (i) an increase in calcium baselines, (ii) a decrease in depolarization-induced calcium influx, and (iii) a failure to recover the Ca2+ levels. In the present experiments, we investigated whether a dietary flavonoid, quercetin, can antagonize the effects of hydrogen peroxide in the same cell model. We also investigated the possible structure-activity relationships of quercetin by comparing the results with four other flavonoids, each having a slightly different structure from quercetin. Our results indicated that two structural components, including (i) 3', 4'-hydroxyl (OH) groups in the B ring and (ii) a 2,3-double bond in conjugation with a 4-oxo group in the C ring, along with the polyphenolic structures were crucial for the protection. These structural components are found in quercetin, and this compound was also the most efficacious in reducing both the H2O2-induced Ca2+ dysregulation in cells and oxidative stress assessed via the dichlorofluorescein assay. Collectively, these data indicated that the particular polyphenolic structural components of quercetin provided its strong antioxidant property of protecting cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and calcium dysregulation. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Wang, H AU - Joseph, J A AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. wang_us@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 683 EP - 694 VL - 27 IS - 5-6 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Fluoresceins KW - Quercetin KW - 9IKM0I5T1E KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Flavonoids -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - PC12 Cells KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Quercetin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70038848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+relationships+of+quercetin+in+antagonizing+hydrogen+peroxide-induced+calcium+dysregulation+in+PC12+cells.&rft.au=Wang%2C+H%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose response of sheep poisoned with locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). AN - 69534523; 12968759 AB - Locoweed poisoning occurs when livestock consume swainsonine-containing Astragalus and Oxytropis species over several weeks. Although the clinical and histologic changes of poisoning have been described, the dose or duration of swainsonine ingestion that results in significant or irreversible damage is not known. The purpose of this research was to document the swainsonine doses that produce clinical intoxication and histologic lesions. Twenty-one mixed-breed wethers were dosed by gavage with ground Oxytropis sericea to obtain swainsonine doses of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Sheep receiving > or = 0.2 mg/kg gained less weight than controls. After 16 days, animals receiving > or = 0.4 mg/kg were depressed, reluctant to move, and did not eat their feed rations. All treatment groups had serum biochemical changes, including depressed alpha-mannosidase, increased aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as sporadic changes in lactate dehydrogenase, sodium, chloride, magnesium, albumin, and osmolarity. Typical locoweed-induced cellular vacuolation was seen in the following tissues and swainsonine doses: exocrine pancreas at > or = 0.05 mg/kg; proximal convoluted renal and thyroid follicular epithelium at > or = 0.1 mg/kg; Purkinje's cells, Kupffer's cells, splenic and lymph node macrophages, and transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder at > or = 0.2 mg/kg; neurons of the basal ganglia, mesencephalon, and metencephalon at > or = 0.4 mg/kg; and cerebellar neurons and glia at > or = 0.8 mg/kg. Histologic lesions were generally found when tissue swainsonine concentrations were approximately 150 ng/g. Both the clinical and histologic lesions, especially cerebellar lesions are suggestive of neurologic dysfunction even at low daily swainsonine doses of 0.2 mg/kg, suggesting that prolonged locoweed exposure, even at low doses, results in significant production losses as well as histologic and functional damage. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Gardner, D R AU - Pfister, J A AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1 150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 448 EP - 456 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sheep KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Male KW - Sheep Diseases -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Poisoning -- pathology KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Oxytropis -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69534523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Dose+response+of+sheep+poisoned+with+locoweed+%28Oxytropis+sericea%29.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BPfister%2C+J+A%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin K: a practical guide to the dietary management of patients on warfarin. AN - 69290581; 10568341 AB - Warfarin has been successfully used in the medical management of thromboembolic disease for nearly six decades. It is widely assumed that a dietary vitamin K-warfarin interaction exists. To avoid this potential interference with the efficacy of warfarin in stable anticoagulation, patients typically receive instructions to consume a constant dietary intake of vitamin K. While dark, green vegetables are primary sources of dietary vitamin K, these foods are not commonly consumed on a daily basis in the United States. However, there still exists dietary resistance to warfarin that is attributable to vitamin K. Based on food analysis studies on vitamin K, it is now known that dietary vitamin K is found in certain plant oils and prepared foods containing these plant oils, such as baked goods, margarines, and salad dressings. The preparation of foods with vitamin K-rich oils may also contribute to a diet-warfarin interaction, although this has yet to be confirmed in a clinical trial. A dose-response of vitamin K on the effect of warfarin anticoagulation has not yet been established. However, there are sufficient data to suggest that a constant dietary intake of vitamin K that meets current dietary recommendations of 65-80 micrograms/day is the most acceptable practice for patients on warfarin therapy. Vitamin K composition data for commonly consumed foods are now available and may facilitate successful anticoagulation for patients being treated with warfarin. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Booth, S L AU - Centurelli, M A AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 288 EP - 296 VL - 57 IS - 9 Pt 1 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Vitamin K KW - 12001-79-5 KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Food Analysis KW - Vitamin K -- therapeutic use KW - Anticoagulants -- pharmacology KW - Vitamin K -- analysis KW - Diet KW - Vitamin K -- administration & dosage KW - Warfarin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69290581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Vitamin+K%3A+a+practical+guide+to+the+dietary+management+of+patients+on+warfarin.&rft.au=Booth%2C+S+L%3BCenturelli%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9+Pt+1&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procarcinogenic and anticarcinogenic effects of beta-carotene. AN - 69290534; 10568335 AB - A large body of observational epidemiologic studies has consistently demonstrated that individuals who eat more fruits and vegetables, which are rich in carotenoids, and people who have higher serum beta-carotene levels have a lower risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. In contrast to these observations, two human intervention studies that used high-dose beta-carotene supplements reported an increased risk for lung cancer among smokers. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have shed light on the present conundrum regarding the potential chemopreventive activity of beta-carotene; that is, beta-carotene itself may act as an anticarcinogen, but its oxidized products may facilitate carcinogenesis. These studies support the hypothesis that the carcinogenic response to high-dose beta-carotene supplementation reported in the human intervention trials is related to the instability of the beta-carotene molecule in the free radical-rich environment in the lungs of cigarette smokers. This is especially possible because smoke also causes decreased tissue levels of other antioxidants, such as ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol, which normally have a stabilizing effect on the unoxidized form of beta-carotene. Nutritional intervention using a combination of antioxidants (beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and vitamin C) as anticarcinogenic agents could be an appropriate way to rationally and realistically reduce cancer risk. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Wang, X D AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 263 EP - 272 VL - 57 IS - 9 Pt 1 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - beta Carotene -- therapeutic use KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - beta Carotene -- adverse effects KW - Diet KW - beta Carotene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69290534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Procarcinogenic+and+anticarcinogenic+effects+of+beta-carotene.&rft.au=Wang%2C+X+D%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9+Pt+1&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a gel formulation of formic acid for control of parasitic mites of honey bees. AN - 69282586; 10552733 AB - Formic acid has been used in various countries for the control of parasitic mites of honey bees (Apis mellifera), particularly the Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni) and the tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi). Its corrosivity and consequent fear of liability have precluded commercial interest in the United States, and its rapid vaporization requires frequent reapplication. We have developed a gel formulation of formic acid which provides controlled release over 2-3 weeks and improves the convenience and safety of handling of formic acid. The strong acidity of formic acid restricts the choice of gelling agents; vegetable gellants such as agar are destroyed, and bentonite clay derivatives do not gel, even with high-shear mixing. Polyacrylamides lead to viscous liquids lacking thixotropic properties. High-molecular-weight poly(acrylic acids) and fumed silicas provided gels with suitable physical characteristics. The poly(acrylic acid) gels were difficult to mix and gave slower and nonlinear release behavior, while the fumed silica gels were easy to prepare and linear in formic acid vaporization. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Kochansky, J AU - Shimanuki, H AD - USDA ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, Building 476, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. jkochans@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3850 EP - 3853 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Formates KW - 0 KW - Gels KW - Insecticides KW - formic acid KW - 0YIW783RG1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Formates -- chemistry KW - Bees -- parasitology KW - Mites KW - Formates -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69282586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+gel+formulation+of+formic+acid+for+control+of+parasitic+mites+of+honey+bees.&rft.au=Kochansky%2C+J%3BShimanuki%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kochansky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3850&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 6. Seller's and buyer's risk. AN - 69282541; 10552720 AB - The seller's risk-the probability of a set of samples exceeding an agreed upon aflatoxin level when the lot mean does not-and the buyer's risk-the probability of a lot exceeding this level when a set of samples do not-have been computed using a parametrized experimental aflatoxin distribution and Monte Carlo simulation. The calculations are exemplified using the proposed EC standards (three 10 kg samples, 4 ng/g of total aflatoxin, basis kernels only) as well as for samples up to 250 kg and for varied lot aflatoxin levels. It is found that within this sample size range the seller's risk is as high as 42% at 10 kg and increases with increasing sample size to 80% at 250 kg. Only by reducing lot levels to 0.2 ng/g of total aflatoxin, basis kernels, can the risk be brought down to 2.5%, independent of sample size. The buyer's risk is as high as 58% at 10 kg but falls to 11% at 250 kg samples. The implications for both seller and buyer strategies are discussed. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AU - deKoe, W J AD - Health Protection, Hartenseweg 40, 6705 BK Wageningen, The Netherlands. tom@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3771 EP - 3775 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Safety KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69282541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+aflatoxin+in+pistachios.+6.+Seller%27s+and+buyer%27s+risk.&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F%3BdeKoe%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemistry, nutrition, and microbiology of D-amino acids. AN - 69270550; 10552672 AB - Exposure of food proteins to certain processing conditions induces two major chemical changes: racemization of all L-amino acids to D-isomers and concurrent formation of cross-linked amino acids such as lysinoalanine. Racemization of L-amino acids residues to their D-isomers in food and other proteins is pH-, time-, and temperature-dependent. Although racemization rates of the 18 different L-amino acid residues in a protein vary, the relative rates in different proteins are similar. The diet contains both processing-induced and naturally formed D-amino acids. The latter include those found in microorganisms, plants, and marine invertebrates. Racemization impairs digestibility and nutritional quality. The nutritional utilization of different D-amino acids varies widely in animals and humans. In addition, some D-amino acids may be both beneficial and deleterious. Thus, although D-phenylalanine in an all-amino-acid diet is utilized as a nutritional source of L-phenylalanine, high concentrations of D-tyrosine in such diets inhibit the growth of mice. Both D-serine and lysinoalanine induce histological changes in the rat kidney. The wide variation in the utilization of D-amino acids is illustrated by the fact that whereas D-methionine is largely utilized as a nutritional source of the L-isomer, D-lysine is totally devoid of any nutritional value. Similarly, although L-cysteine has a sparing effect on L-methionine when fed to mice, D-cysteine does not. Because D-amino acids are consumed by animals and humans as part of their normal diets, a need exists to develop a better understanding of their roles in nutrition, food safety, microbiology, physiology, and medicine. To contribute to this effort, this multidiscipline-oriented overview surveys our present knowledge of the chemistry, nutrition, safety, microbiology, and pharmacology of D-amino acids. Also covered are the origin and distribution of D-amino acids in the food chain and in body fluids and tissues and recommendations for future research in each of these areas. Understanding of the integrated, beneficial effects of D-amino acids against cancer, schizophrenia, and infection, and overlapping aspects of the formation, occurrence, and biological functions of D-amino should lead to better foods and improved human health. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Friedman, M AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3457 EP - 3479 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Amino Acids -- chemistry KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69270550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemistry%2C+nutrition%2C+and+microbiology+of+D-amino+acids.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of pyrethroid resistance and susceptibility to coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 69212280; 10534945 AB - Two patterns of pyrethroid resistance were characterized from Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) collected in Mexico. One was characteristic of a kdr mutation and the other involved esterase and cytochrome P450 enzyme systems. Very high resistance to permethrin, cypermethrin, and flumethrin, not synergized by TPP and PBO and high resistance to DDT, characterized the kdr-like pattern found in the Corrales and San Felipe strains. Esterase and cytochrome P450-dependent resistance was found in the Coatzacoalcos strain. It was characterized by resistance to permethrin, cypermethrin, and flumethrin, synergized by TPP and PBO, but no resistance to DDT. The Coatzacoalcos strain also showed 3.6-fold resistance to the organophosphate coumaphos. This factor appeared to be independent of pyrethroid resistance. Pyrethroid resistance patterns found in Mexico were similar to those found earlier in Australia. The significance of pyrethroid and coumaphos resistance to the U.S. cattle fever tick quarantine is discussed. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Miller, R J AU - Davey, R B AU - George, J E AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 533 EP - 538 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - flumethrin KW - 2O051W13LH KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Mexico KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Tick Infestations -- parasitology KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Ticks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69212280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+pyrethroid+resistance+and+susceptibility+to+coumaphos+in+Mexican+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Miller%2C+R+J%3BDavey%2C+R+B%3BGeorge%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). AN - 69210352; 10534958 AB - The repellency of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and combinations of 5 essential oils (Bourbon geranium, cedarwood, clove, peppermint, and thyme) to Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann when applied to human skin was determined in laboratory tests. Cedarwood oil failed to repel mosquitoes and only high concentrations of peppermint oil repelled Ae. aegypti. None of the oils tested prevented mosquito bite when used at the 5 or 10% concentration. Thyme and clove oils were the most effective mosquito repellents and provided 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 h of protection, depending on oil concentration. Clove oil (50%) combined with geranium oil (50%) or with thyme oil (50%) prevented biting by An. albimanus for 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 h. The potential for using essential oils as topical mosquito repellents may be limited by user acceptability; clove, thyme, and peppermint oils can be irritating to the skin, whereas both human subjects in this study judged the odor of clove and thyme oils unacceptable at concentrations > or = 25%. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Barnard, D R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 625 EP - 629 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Oils, Volatile KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Aedes KW - Anopheles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69210352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Repellency+of+essential+oils+to+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of selected soils from the Lhasa region of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, SW China AN - 52392017; 2000-016418 JF - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes AU - Smith, C A S AU - Clark, M AU - Broll, Gabriele AU - Ping, C L AU - Kimble, J M AU - Luo, G A2 - Tarnocai, Charles A2 - King, Roger A2 - Smith, Scott Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 211 EP - 222 PB - Wiley, Oxford VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1045-6740, 1045-6740 KW - soils KW - permafrost KW - Far East KW - temperature KW - Lhasa China KW - sampling KW - Xizang China KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - classification KW - Himalayas KW - Asia KW - Cryosols KW - climate KW - China KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52392017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Permafrost+and+Periglacial+Processes&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+selected+soils+from+the+Lhasa+region+of+Qinghai-Xizang+Plateau%2C+SW+China&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+A+S%3BClark%2C+M%3BBroll%2C+Gabriele%3BPing%2C+C+L%3BKimble%2C+J+M%3BLuo%2C+G&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C+A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Permafrost+and+Periglacial+Processes&rft.issn=10456740&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/14053/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; China; classification; climate; Cryosols; Far East; Himalayas; Lhasa China; permafrost; sampling; soils; temperature; Tibetan Plateau; Xizang China ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digital data set of 14-digit hydrologic units in Indiana AN - 52163812; 2002-008688 JF - Fact Sheet - U. S. Geological Survey AU - DeBroka, Krysten M AU - Cohen, David A AU - Dunn, Robert E AU - Nielsen, Bruce J Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 4 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - digital data KW - three-dimensional models KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - mapping KW - information management KW - data management KW - topography KW - runoff KW - Indiana KW - classification KW - drainage basins KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52163812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=DeBroka%2C+Krysten+M%3BCohen%2C+David+A%3BDunn%2C+Robert+E%3BNielsen%2C+Bruce+J&rft.aulast=DeBroka&rft.aufirst=Krysten&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Language+Learning&rft.issn=00238333&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9922.2008.00442.x L2 - http://in.water.usgs.gov/cdfactsheet/index.shtml LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Dec. 27, 2001; Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03880 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; data management; digital data; drainage basins; hydrology; Indiana; information management; mapping; runoff; surface water; three-dimensional models; topography; United States; USGS; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff from a cornfield as affected by tillage and corn canopy: A large-scale simulated-rainfall hydrologic data set for model testing AN - 17872707; 5114153 AB - A rainfall simulator was used to apply 5 cm of rainfall in 2 hours to two replicate 624 m super(2) plots at six times during each of the growing seasons of 1992 and 1993. Because the simulator generated reproducible and time-invariant rainfall intensities, the resulting 24 hydrographs reproducibly reveal the effects of tractor wheel compaction, tillage, soil reconsolidation, surface sealing, and corn canopy development. A time series data set including weather, crop development, soils properties, evapotranspiration, and antecedent soil water is available. These data should provide hydrologic modelers, particularly those interested in modeling runoff with time resolutions of <1 day, with a useful validation data set. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Sumner, H R AU - Truman, C C AU - Johnson, A W AU - Dowler, C C AU - Hook, JE AU - Gascho, G J AU - Davis, J G AU - Chandler, L D AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 2881 EP - 2885 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Land KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Databases KW - Agricultural practices KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Tillage KW - Corn KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Hydrology KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Properties KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Runoff KW - Rainfall/runoff relationship KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17872707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Runoff+from+a+cornfield+as+affected+by+tillage+and+corn+canopy%3A+A+large-scale+simulated-rainfall+hydrologic+data+set+for+model+testing&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+D%3BSumner%2C+H+R%3BTruman%2C+C+C%3BJohnson%2C+A+W%3BDowler%2C+C+C%3BHook%2C+JE%3BGascho%2C+G+J%3BDavis%2C+J+G%3BChandler%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Databases; Agricultural practices; Soil (Characteristics of); Land; Tillage; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Hydrology; Runoff; Rainfall/runoff relationship; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Agricultural Practices; Corn; Soil Properties; Cultivated Lands; Simulated Rainfall; Hydrologic Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of Two Parasitoids with Convergent Foraging Strategies AN - 17541661; 4726994 AB - We compared the foraging strategies of two key braconid endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens Fab.), Cardiochiles nigriceps Vier. and Microplitis croceipes Cresson, that differ in host and habitat range but otherwise share comparable, overlapping niches. The most important host-location cues by far for both species were materials associated with damaged plants. Both species demonstrated a significant preference for volatiles released from plants damaged by H. virescens larvae over those released from undamaged tobacco and cotton plants. In choice experiments with damaged tobacco versus cotton, M. croceipes showed a significant preference for cotton plants. In contrast, C. nigriceps preferred damaged tobacco plants. Plant compounds provoked a strong response even when released from systemically induced plants (from which damaged leaves, host, and host by-products were removed). C. nigriceps appears to have a much keener ability to locate hosts over long distances than M. croceipes. This observation may be related to the highly specialized nature of this parasitoid. The possible adaptive significance of the foraging behaviors of these two parasitoids is discussed. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - De Moraes, CM AU - Lewis, W J AD - CMAVE-USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA, cdemoraes@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 571 EP - 584 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Braconid wasps KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Host selection KW - Braconidae KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Parasitoids KW - Cardiochiles nigriceps KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17541661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Analyses+of+Two+Parasitoids+with+Convergent+Foraging+Strategies&rft.au=De+Moraes%2C+CM%3BLewis%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=De+Moraes&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Cardiochiles nigriceps; Microplitis croceipes; Noctuidae; Braconidae; Parasitoids; Host selection; Foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Holdridge life zones of the conterminous United States in relation to ecosystem mapping AN - 17466386; 4670017 AB - Aim Our main goals were to develop a map of the life zones for the conterminous United States, based on the Holdridge Life Zone system, as a tool for ecosystem mapping, and to compare the map of Holdridge life zones with other global vegetation classification and mapping efforts. Location The area of interest is the forty-eight contiguous states of the United States. Methods We wrote a PERL program for determining life zones from climatic data and linked it to the image processing workbench (IPW). The inputs were annual precipitation (Pann), biotemperature (T sub(bio)), sea-level biotemperature (T sub(0)bio), and the frost line. The spatial resolution chosen for this study (2.5 arc-minute for classification, 4-km for mapping) was driven by the availability of current state-of-the-art, accurate and reliable precipitation data. We used the Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model, or PRISM, output for the contiguous United States downloaded from the Internet. The accepted standard data for air temperature surfaces were obtained from the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modelling and Analysis Project (VEMAP). This data set along with station data obtained from the National Climatic Data Center for the US, were used to develop all temperature surfaces at the same resolution as the Pann. Results The US contains thirty-eight life zones (34% of the world's life zones and 85% of the temperate ones) including one boreal, twelve cool temperate, twenty warm temperate, four subtropical, and one tropical. Seventy-four percent of the US falls in the 'basal belt', 18% is montane, 8% is subalpine, 1% is alpine, and <0.1% is nival. The US ranges from superarid to superhumid, and the humid province is the largest (45% of the US). The most extensive life zone is the warm temperate moist forest, which covers 23% of the country. We compared the Holdridge life zone map with output from the BIOME model, Bailey's ecoregions, Kuechler potential vegetation, and land cover, all aggregated to four cover classes. Despite differences in the goals and methods for all these classification systems, there was a very good to excellent agreement among them for forests but poor for grasslands, shrublands, and nonvegetated lands. Main conclusions We consider the life zone approach to have many strengths for ecosystem mapping because it is based on climatic driving factors of ecosystem processes and recognizes ecophysiological responses of plants; it is hierarchical and allows for the use of other mapping criteria at the association and successional levels of analysis; it can be expanded or contracted without losing functional continuity among levels of ecological complexity; it is a relatively simple system based on few empirical data; and it uses objective mapping criteria. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Lugo, A E AU - Brown, S L AU - Dodson, R AU - Smith, T S AU - Shugart, H H AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO BOX 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1025 EP - 1038 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Vegetation KW - Mapping KW - Climatic conditions KW - Models KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17466386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=The+Holdridge+life+zones+of+the+conterminous+United+States+in+relation+to+ecosystem+mapping&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BBrown%2C+S+L%3BDodson%2C+R%3BSmith%2C+T+S%3BShugart%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2699.1999.00329.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation; Classification systems; Mapping; Ecosystem analysis; Climatic conditions; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00329.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of the Macrophomina phaseolina Endoglucanase (EGL 1) Gene Product in Bacterial and Yeast Expression Systems AN - 17455162; 4667066 AB - Functional expression of a beta -D-1,4 glucanase-encoding gene (egl1) from a filamentous fungus was achieved in both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a modified version of pRS413. Optimal activity of the E. coli-expressed enzyme was found at incubation temperatures of 60 degree C, whereas the enzyme activity was optimal at 40 degree C when expressed by S. cerevisiae. Enzyme activity at different pH levels was similar for both bacteria and yeast, being highest at 5.0. Yeast expression resulted in a highly glycosylated protein of approx 60 kDa, compared to bacterial expression, which resulted in a protein of 30 kDa. The hyperglycosylated protein had reduced enzyme activity, indicating that E. coli is a preferred vehicle for production scale-up. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Wang, H AU - Jones, R W AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable Laboratory, Plant Science Institute, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rwjones@asrr.arsuda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 153 EP - 160 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - budding yeast KW - beta -1,4-Glucanase KW - beta -D-1,4-glucanase KW - egl1 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - b-1,4-Glucanase KW - ^b-D-1,4-glucanase KW - Temperature effects KW - Escherichia coli KW - Macrophomina phaseolina KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Properties+of+the+Macrophomina+phaseolina+Endoglucanase+%28EGL+1%29+Gene+Product+in+Bacterial+and+Yeast+Expression+Systems&rft.au=Wang%2C+H%3BJones%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophomina phaseolina; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Duration of activity of the microbial larvicide Vectolex CG registered (Bacillus sphaericus) in Illinois catch basins and waste tires AN - 17451179; 4663811 AB - The duration of activity of a formulation of Bacillus sphaericus, VectoLex CG registered , for control of Culex species was evaluated in 338 catch basins in Urbana, IL, and compared to Altosid registered in 346 catch basins in Champaign, IL. The activity of VectoLex in car and truck waste tires was evaluated in a tire dump located in Pembroke Township, IL. In catch basins, 1 g of VectoLex per catch basin gave the same control as one Altosid briquet. Both larvicides were effective against Culex sp. in catch basins for 1 month, and the duration of control with VectoLex lasted 44 days in one catch basin. VectoLex was considerably cheaper to apply than Altosid briquets, at 0.64 cents per catch basin compared to 90.75 cents, respectively. However, the Altosid briquets were judged to be easier to apply from a vehicle than VectoLex granules. VectoLex (22.6 kg) was used to treat approximately 6,000 car and truck tires; some of the tires were in direct sunlight whereas others were shaded. Aedes triseriatus was the dominant species in these tires. Tires treated with VectoLex contained significantly fewer mosquitoes than control tires, and even 65 days after application, control tires were 16.7 times more likely to contain larvae. We conclude that VectoLex was effective when used in Illinois catch basins and tire dumps, and emphasize that it is more appropriate to base tire treatment rates on the total number of tires present than on a kilogram per hectare basis. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Siegel, J P AU - Novak, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 366 EP - 370 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - USA, Illinois KW - Vectolex KW - aquatic insects KW - tires KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Biological vectors KW - Human diseases KW - Bacillus sphaericus KW - Culicidae KW - Pest control KW - Toxicity KW - Freshwater KW - Toxicity tests KW - Insecticides KW - Catchment areas KW - Insect larvae KW - Tires KW - Larvicides KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17451179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Duration+of+activity+of+the+microbial+larvicide+Vectolex+CG+registered+%28Bacillus+sphaericus%29+in+Illinois+catch+basins+and+waste+tires&rft.au=Siegel%2C+J+P%3BNovak%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Biological control; Human diseases; Insect larvae; Pest control; Toxicity tests; Insecticides; Catchment areas; Tires; Toxicity; Larvicides; Culicidae; Bacillus sphaericus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphometry of the stone loach, Barbatula barbatula: do mensural characters reflect the species' life history thresholds? AN - 17445137; 4660707 AB - Growth variability in 23 mensural characters was examined in 387 specimens of stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, from England. The standard length (SL) of the specimens ranged from 15.3 to 115.4 mm. We tested the hypothesis that body proportions change abruptly, rather than gradually, at certain intervals of ontogeny by fitting linear, quadratic and split linear curves to plots of each variable against SL. Based on patterns of allometric growth, two groups and two subgroups of mensural characters have been found. Three characters were best explained by a linear regression, indicating isometric growth. Eight characters were best explained by a quadratic curve, indicating gradual allometry. The remaining 12 characters were best explained by a split regression, indicating mainly isometric growth with abrupt allometry occurring at a specific SL (breakpoint). The first shift in morphometric values (a transformation of the head; breakpoints in three characters) occurred at 26-35 mm SL, the second (a change in fin shape and size as well as body form; breakpoints in six characters) at 36-47 mm SL. The coincidence of shifts in body morphology with those in microhabitat use (between the respective size classes) suggests that thresholds (though not as sudden as those between embryo and early larva steps) do occur during this interval of stone loach life history. We suggest that the larva period ends with the completion of the first shift in relative growth (i.e. not later than at 35 mm SL, depending on individual variability), and that the second shift in morphometric values reflects a threshold between the first and the second step of juvenile period. The importance of changes in external morphology decreased as the fish grew bigger and older. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Kovac, V AU - Copp, G H AU - Francis, M P AD - Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Mlynska dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia, kovac@nic.fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 105 EP - 115 VL - 56 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - British Isles, England KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Life history KW - Barbatula barbatula KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17445137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Morphometry+of+the+stone+loach%2C+Barbatula+barbatula%3A+do+mensural+characters+reflect+the+species%27+life+history+thresholds%3F&rft.au=Kovac%2C+V%3BCopp%2C+G+H%3BFrancis%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Kovac&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1007570716690 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Barbatula barbatula; Life history; Growth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007570716690 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A general heat dissipation sensor calibration equation and estimation of soil water content AN - 17444652; 4659313 AB - Ten heat dissipation sensors (HDS) were calibrated in the laboratory in order to produce a simple, generalized linear equation that could be applied to a large number of uncalibrated sensors of like manufacture. This generalized equation was based on temperature rise of the sensor and was compared with Reece's (1996) equation, which was based on thermal conductivity. Both of the calibration equations produced similar matric potential output, indicating that an equation developed from a small number of HDS can be applied to uncalibrated sensors. Matric potentials from both generalized equations were converted into estimates of volumetric water content and compared with measured values at three rangeland sites in southwestern Oklahoma. At two sites, volumetric water content from the HDS compared well, within the operating limits of the sensor, with volumetric water content determined from soil samples. The third site was characterized by a sandy loam soil, and during drying cycles, the HDS-derived values of water content did not compare well with the soil sample values. It is suspected that the sensor lost hydraulic contact with the soil, which drained faster than the sensor indicated. JF - Soil Science AU - Starks, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 655 EP - 661 VL - 164 IS - 9 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Calibrations KW - Sensors KW - Comparison Studies KW - Heat KW - Estimating KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Temperature KW - Volumetric Analysis KW - Soil Water KW - Thermal Conductivity KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17444652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=A+general+heat+dissipation+sensor+calibration+equation+and+estimation+of+soil+water+content&rft.au=Starks%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Starks&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heat; Sensors; Calibrations; Mathematical Equations; Temperature; Thermal Conductivity; Comparison Studies; Soil Water; Estimating; Volumetric Analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane emissions from an anaerobic swine lagoon AN - 17442907; 4657629 AB - Gaseous methane (CH sub(4)) emissions from a swine waste holding lagoon were determined periodically during the year. Micrometeorological techniques were used in order that emission rates from the lagoon were measured under ambient conditions with little disturbance to the natural environment. During the cold winter measurement period, CH sub(4) fluxes were linearly related to lagoon water temperature below 22 degree C (r = 0.87). During warmer measurement periods, both water and air temperatures and windspeed affected emissions rates. In general, flux rates followed a diurnal pattern with greater fluxes during the day when both temperature and windspeed were greatest. Mathematical models using air and water temperature and windspeed factors could explain 47 to 75% of the variation in fluxes. Daily emission rates ranged from 1 to 500 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) d super(-1). The average flux for the year was 52.3 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) d super(-1) which corresponded to about 5.6 kg CH sub(4) animal super(-1) yr super(-1) from the primary lagoon. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, LA AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 3627 EP - 3633 VL - 33 IS - 22 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Manure KW - Animal wastes KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Emission measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17442907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Methane+emissions+from+an+anaerobic+swine+lagoon&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=3627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal wastes; Waste disposal sites; Manure; Emission measurements; Methane ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Etiology of almond shriveled kernel disease AN - 17434526; 4648731 AB - In a commercial orchard, mature trees of the almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. Webb) cultivar `Butte' propagated on peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch) seedlings exhibited delayed budbreak in spring, sparse foliage, poor shoot growth, and produced shriveled kernels. Extracts of leaf petioles from diseased, but not healthy, `Butte' trees were positive by dot-blot hybridisation assays for the presence of a phytoplasma. In addition, diseased almond buds were graft-inoculated onto the `Peerless' almond propagated on `Marianna 2624' plum rootstock and induced brown line and pitting at the rootstock/cultivar union, a condition associated with peach yellow leaf roll phytoplasma (PYLR-phytoplasma) infection in this indicator host. Furthermore, buds of peach infected with PYLR-phytoplasma induced similar canopy and kernel symptoms when bud-inoculated onto previously healthy trees of the almond cultivars `Peerless' and `Nonpareil' propagated on peach seedlings. However, a `Peerless' tree infected with X-disease phytoplasma appeared unaffected. Ilarvirus and dsRNA analyses of diseased `Butte' trees were negative. Diseased trees treated with oxytetracycline caused remission of symptoms. These results indicate that infections by a phytoplasma, specifically PYLR-phytoplasma, are responsible for kernel shrivel symptoms in almond trees grown on peach seedlings. JF - New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science AU - Uyemoto, J K AU - Asai, W K AU - Kirkpatrick, B C AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States, jkuyemoto@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 225 EP - 228 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0114-0671, 0114-0671 KW - peach yellow leaf roll KW - phytoplasma KW - shriveled kernal disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plant diseases KW - Prunus dulcis KW - Orchards KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Crop+and+Horticultural+Science&rft.atitle=Etiology+of+almond+shriveled+kernel+disease&rft.au=Uyemoto%2C+J+K%3BAsai%2C+W+K%3BKirkpatrick%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Uyemoto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Crop+and+Horticultural+Science&rft.issn=01140671&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus dulcis; Orchards; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and habitat associations of elf owls and western screech-owls in the Sonoran Desert AN - 17411362; 4626574 AB - In the arid southwestern United States, populations of native cavity-nesting birds are threatened by urbanization, degradation of riparian vegetation, and competition from exotic species. Unfortunately, little quantitative information exists on the population parameters or habitat associations of these species. From 1994 to 1996, we conducted surveys for two secondary cavity-nesters of the Sonoran Desert, the elf owl (Micrathene whitneyi) and the western screech-owl (Otus kennicottii). We used surveys to estimate each species' relative abundance, examine owl-habitat relationships, and determine if owl abundance was related to reproductive success. Abundance of elf owls did not differ among years (P = 0.59) and was greater than abundance of western screech-owls each year. Abundance of western screech-owls declined each year of the study (P < 0.0001). Abundance of elf owls was positively correlated with abundance of western screech-owls (r= 0.46, P < 0.001) and common poorwills, Phalaenoptilus nuttalliis (r = 0.33, P < 0.01). Abundance of elf owls was positively associated (R super(2) sub(adj) = 0.67, P < 0.05) with cover of overstory mesquite (Prosopis), cover of overstory perennial vegetation, and density of mature saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea). Abundance of western screech-owls was positively associated (R super(2) sub(adj) = 0.53, P < 0.05) with cover of overstory mesquite and cover understory (< 1 m) perennial vegetation. Abundance of elf owls was positively associated with the number of nests located per survey station (r = 0.94, P < 0.01) and may be indicative of habitat quality. Stands of mature saguaros, especially where they occur in association with overstory mesquite, should be protected for the elf owl. Such stands are most likely to occur on rocky bajadas and uplands within the mixed-cacti vegetation type. Mature mesquite appears to be important to both species within the region, possibly due to prey availability and the presence of potential nest cavities. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Hardy, P C AU - Morrison, M L AU - Barry, R X AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Adaptive Management Services, P.O. Box 7, Blairsden, CA 96103, USA, phardy@jps.net Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 311 EP - 323 VL - 44 IS - 3 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Elf owl KW - USA, Sonoran Desert KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Micrathene whitneyi KW - Otus kennicottii KW - Abundance KW - Population changes KW - Habitat preferences KW - Breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Abundance+and+habitat+associations+of+elf+owls+and+western+screech-owls+in+the+Sonoran+Desert&rft.au=Hardy%2C+P+C%3BMorrison%2C+M+L%3BBarry%2C+R+X&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Studies+in+Second+Language+Acquisition&rft.issn=02722631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Micrathene whitneyi; Otus kennicottii; Abundance; Breeding success; Habitat preferences; Population changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Egg viability as a constraint on hatching synchrony at high ambient temperatures AN - 17411267; 4633564 AB - 1. We tested experimentally the effects of exposure to high ambient temperatures, for periods of 1-9 days, on the viability of eggs of the green-rumped parrotlet. 2. The hatchability of 534 newly laid parrotlet eggs declined after exposure of 3 or more days. 3. The probability of hatching was not significantly affected by the duration or proportion of time exposed to temperatures below physiological zero or above normal incubation range. 4. Incubation periods were negatively correlated with exposure time, suggesting some embryo development occurred prior to incubation. 5. Results presented here corroborate similar studies of temperate zone birds, and suggest that the decline in egg viability may be particularly extreme in hot climates, such as tropical lowlands. 6. We suggest that the relationship between ambient temperature and egg viability could contribute to both seasonal and latitudinal trends in clutch size, hatching success and hatching asynchrony. JF - Journal of Animal Ecology AU - Stoleson, SH AU - Beissinger AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 951 EP - 962 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8790, 0021-8790 KW - eggs KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forpus passerinus KW - Synchronization KW - Hatchability KW - Air temperature KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.atitle=Egg+viability+as+a+constraint+on+hatching+synchrony+at+high+ambient+temperatures&rft.au=Stoleson%2C+SH%3BBeissinger&rft.aulast=Stoleson&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.issn=00218790&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00342.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forpus passerinus; Air temperature; Hatchability; Synchronization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00342.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractant or pheromone: The case of Nasonov secretion and honeybee swarms AN - 17409735; 4621823 AB - Honeybees are attracted to a variety of odors, including the secretion of their Nasonov glands, a secretion that has been widely assumed to be an orientation and attraction pheromone. A crossover design experiment comparing synthetic Nasonov secretion with linalool, oil of clove, skatole, and wax moth sex pheromone was established to determine if Nasonov secretion serves as a true pheromone or is simply a general attractant for honeybee swarms. None of the test odors was more attractive than odorless controls, and in all comparisons, synthetic Nasonov secretion was significantly more attractive than the test odors or odorless controls. The results confirm that Nasonov secretion is a true pheromone in the context of attracting honeybee swarms to nest cavities and that environmentally present or apparent odors play little or no role in honeybee nest-seeking behavior. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schmidt, JO AD - Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 2051 EP - 2056 VL - 25 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Honey bee KW - Bumble bees KW - Nasonov gland KW - oil of clove KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Secretion KW - Secretions KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Apis mellifera KW - Nests KW - Swarming behavior KW - Apidae KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17409735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attractant+or+pheromone%3A+The+case+of+Nasonov+secretion+and+honeybee+swarms&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Secretions; Swarming behavior; Aggregation pheromone; Nests; Secretion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The distribution and abundance of populations limited at multiple spatial scales AN - 17409358; 4633566 AB - 1. We use mathematical programming to explore long-term equilibrium population distribution and abundance effects arising from a single-patch reaction-diffusion model when ecological factors limit carrying capacity at two different spatial scales. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous habitat patches are investigated under passive diffusion conditions. Capacity limits, reproduction and dispersal rates, and habitat preferences are individually varied. 2. When landscape-scale habitat factors are strongly limiting, and reproduction and dispersal processes are less so, suitable population arrangements can be either clustered or highly fragmented. 3. Population clustering also occurs when strong habitat preferences are introduced, even though few members of the clusters may actually occupy the preferred sites. 4. As reproduction or dispersal rates become increasingly limiting in the system (i.e. as the parameters approach extinction thresholds), population clustering within a habitat patch is required to reach long-term equilibrium population levels. 5. These results offer a potential explanation for why species-habitat association studies have been characterized by high variability. JF - Journal of Animal Ecology AU - Bevers, M AU - Flather, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 USA, mbevers@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 976 EP - 987 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8790, 0021-8790 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Population status KW - Patches KW - Habitat preferences KW - Models KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17409358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+distribution+and+abundance+of+populations+limited+at+multiple+spatial+scales&rft.au=Bevers%2C+M%3BFlather%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Bevers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.issn=00218790&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00345.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population status; Spatial distribution; Habitat preferences; Patches; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00345.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Variation and the Potential for Host Range Evolution in the Leafmining Fly Amauromyza flavifrons (Diptera: Agromyzidae) AN - 17407249; 4623305 AB - This study investigated patterns of genetic variation in host-use characters in the leafmining fly Amauromyza flavifrons Meigen. Females of this species readily oviposit on Beta vulgaris L., a nontraditional host plant upon which the larvae experience high levels of mortality. Experiments found significant genetic variation in oviposition response to B. vulgaris but not in either larval survival or growth on this plant species. In regions with high densities of B. vulgaris, it is predicted that the lack of genetic variation in larval survival and growth on this plant will constrain the adoption of this plant as a "true host plant" and, instead, females will evolve to have lower acceptance of this plant for oviposition. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Scheffer, S J AD - Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Building 046, BARC-W, ARS-USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 742 EP - 747 VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Leafminer flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Agromyzidae KW - Host range KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Genetic diversity KW - Amauromyza flavifrons KW - Oviposition KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Evolution KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Genetic+Variation+and+the+Potential+for+Host+Range+Evolution+in+the+Leafmining+Fly+Amauromyza+flavifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Agromyzidae%29&rft.au=Scheffer%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Scheffer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amauromyza flavifrons; Beta vulgaris; Agromyzidae; Genetic diversity; Host-parasite interactions; Oviposition; Host range; Evolution; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unusually High Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus, Nests AN - 17406785; 4633592 AB - Yellow-billed Cuckoos nest much higher than documented, even in forest tree canopies. Previous descriptions of nest sites do not attribute nest heights greater than 14 m to this species. I report Yellow-billed Cuckoo nests in Arkansas at heights as great as 27 m. Location of high nests may be assisted by observation of behavioral cues when nest searching. JF - Canadian Field-Naturalist AU - Wilson, J K AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Yellow-billed cuckoo KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Site selection KW - Coccyzus americanus KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17406785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Field-Naturalist&rft.atitle=Unusually+High+Yellow-billed+Cuckoo%2C+Coccyzus+americanus%2C+Nests&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Field-Naturalist&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccyzus americanus; Nests; Site selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of five anaerobic incubation methods for enumeration of Clostridium perfringens from foods AN - 17406533; 4637328 AB - This study compared the cost, speed, convenience, and sensitivity of five anaerobic systems. Fung's double-tube (FDT) method, the minitube method (MT), the sandwiched microtiter plate (SMP) method, and the Mitsubishi AnaeroPack System were compared with the Brewer anaerobic jar for total anaerobic bacterial counts in foods. Incubation was at 37 degree C for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The results indicated that FDT, MT, SMP, and the Mitsubishi AnaeroPack System were as sensitive as the Brewer anaerobic jar for the detection and enumeration of Clostridium perfringens from food products. The FDT, MT, and SMP methods recovered higher numbers of C. perfringens compared to the Brewer anaerobic jar (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h incubation. The Brewer anaerobic jar was the most expensive method. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Riley, A AU - Kang, Dong-Hyun AU - Fung, DYC AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, kang@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1041 EP - 1044 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Counting methods KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Food contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17406533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+five+anaerobic+incubation+methods+for+enumeration+of+Clostridium+perfringens+from+foods&rft.au=Riley%2C+A%3BKang%2C+Dong-Hyun%3BFung%2C+DYC&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Food contamination; Counting methods; Anaerobic conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Piperidine alkaloids in nitrogen fertilized Pinus ponderosa AN - 17405624; 4621821 AB - We fertilized individual, pole-size ponderosa pine trees at two lowquality sites and pine saplings at a relatively high-quality site, with ammonium nitrate. Six to 12 months later, we measured total %N and 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids in the foliage. The N additions raised foliar %N above deficiency levels (i.e., from 1.0-1.1% to 1.4-1.6%) at the low-quality sites, but did not elevate foliar %N in saplings at the higher quality site, where it was already (1.9%) well above critical levels. In control trees with foliar N below a threshold of 1.1%, we detected no more than trace levels of alkaloids, indicating that alkaloid production is highly constrained by N deficiency. The N additions increased mean concentrations of the predominant alkaloid, pinidine, at all three sites. Mean total alkaloid concentrations for fertilized trees at the two low-quality sites were 12 and 155 mu g/g dry wt higher than controls (relative increases of 12x and 4.5x, respectively). For saplings at the high-quality site, the mean total increased by 584 mu g/g dry wt (1.6x) with the N additions. Allocation of foliar N to alkaloids was highest in fertilized saplings (0.81%) compared to control saplings (0.53%). These findings demonstrate that foliar alkaloid concentrations can be increased by nitrogen fertilization of forest trees growing on both low- and high-quality sites. Fertilizing for the purpose of inhibiting potential herbivores may be more successful at higher quality sites where alkaloid levels are enhanced relative to food quality (foliar %N). JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Gerson, E A AU - Kelsey, R G AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 2027 EP - 2040 VL - 25 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - piperidine alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Foliage KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Nutrient availability KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Piperidine+alkaloids+in+nitrogen+fertilized+Pinus+ponderosa&rft.au=Gerson%2C+E+A%3BKelsey%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Foliage; Nutrient availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by stimulated Pediococcus acidilactici AN - 17405421; 4633820 AB - This study was conducted to determine if stimulating the growth of meat starter culture (Pediococcus acidilactici) in a laboratory medium (Brain Heart Infusion broth + 2 times 3% NaCl + 1 times 5% sucrose; LBHI) and during meat fermentation would control Escherichia coli O157:H7. In LBHI medium without P. acidilactici, the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 increased from 4 times 00 to 8 times 34 log sub(10) cfu ml super(-1), whereas in the presence of P. acidilactici ( approximately 6 times 0 log sub(10) cfu ml super(-1)) in LBHI, LBHIM (LBHI + 0 times 005% MnSO sub(4)), LBHIO (LBHI + 0 times 3 unit ml super(-1) Oxyrase), and LBHIMO (LBHI + M + O), the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 increased from 4 times 00 to 8 times 05, 7 times 50, 7 times 99, and 6 times 50 log sub(10) cfu ml super(-1), respectively, after incubation at 40 degree C for 15h. During salami fermentation, the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 changed from 7 times 00 to 6 times 40 and 5 times 10 log sub(10) cfu g super(-1) without and with P. acidilactici ( approximately 7 times 0 log sub(10) cfu g super(-1), respectively. Stimulated P. acidilactici by M, O, and MO further reduced the number of E. coli O157:H7 from 7 times 00 to 4 times 00, 4 times 80, and 3 times 65 log sub(10), cfu g super(-1), respectively. The combination of MO was a better growth stimulator for P. acidilactici, which controlled E. coli O157:H7 in both systems (P < 0 times 05). JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kang, D H AU - Fung, DYC AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, NE 68933, USA, kang@e-mail.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 206 EP - 210 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - food protection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Starter cultures KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Preservation KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Pediococcus acidilactici KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+by+stimulated+Pediococcus+acidilactici&rft.au=Kang%2C+D+H%3BFung%2C+DYC&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.1999.00620.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Pediococcus acidilactici; Meat; Starter cultures; Antibacterial agents; Preservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00620.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Edible Plant Dichelostemma capitatum: Its Vegetative Reproduction Response to Different Indigenous Harvesting Regimes in California AN - 17405029; 4633945 AB - To more thoroughly understand the ecological effects of harvesting geophytes for food by American Indians, an investigation of the ethnobotany and population dynamics of Dichelostemma capitatum (blue dicks), an attractive source of nutrition to many California Indian groups was undertaken. Some cultural groups harvest the corms and replant the cormlets, spare plants, and harvest after seeding to ensure replenishment of seed. Some Indian elders equate judicious harvesting with the maintenance and enhancement of field populations of this geophyte. A field experiment was conducted to determine the degree to which differences in intensity and timing of harvest, with and without replanting of cormlets, have any effect on corm and cormlet production. We found that harvesting at 100% intensity, through digging up all plants and corms, and without replanting cormlets at the seed stage, significantly reduces numbers of corms and cormlets compared to the controls (no harvest). However, harvesting at 50% intensity, through digging up half of all plants and corms at the flowering or seed stages, without replanting cormlets, was not significantly different from the controls (no harvest). The results suggest that harvesting blue dicks corms with a digging stick in the latter way could yield a sustainable level of harvest. Indigenous harvesting and management regimes may offer some of the best examples of long-term uses and management of the regional flora without detriment to its biodiversity. Restorationists are urged to study and experimentally mimic indigenous disturbance regimes and their ecological effects known to occur historically in various ecosystems. In some cases, areas will greatly benefit from the reintroduction of management and harvesting regimes that authentically simulate ancient indigenous interactions. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Anderson, M K AU - Rowney, D L AD - Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Plant Data Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 231 EP - 240 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Management KW - Harvesting KW - Dichelostemma capitatum KW - Human impact KW - Vegetative reproduction KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Edible+Plant+Dichelostemma+capitatum%3A+Its+Vegetative+Reproduction+Response+to+Different+Indigenous+Harvesting+Regimes+in+California&rft.au=Anderson%2C+M+K%3BRowney%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.1999.72016.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dichelostemma capitatum; Vegetative reproduction; Harvesting; Human impact; Management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72016.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring Aristida stricta to Pinus palustris Ecosystems on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, U.S.A. AN - 17404804; 4633948 AB - Aristida stricta (wiregrass), a perennial bunchgrass, quickly accumulates dead leaves, which along with the shed needles of Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) provide the fuel for frequent surface fires. Thus, historically, wiregrass played a key role in many longleaf communities where it significantly influenced the natural fire regime and thereby the composition of the plant community. Reestablishment of wiregrass is, therefore, critical to restoring the native understory of Atlantic Coastal Plain longleaf pine ecosystems. This study measured the effects of different site preparations and fertilizer application on the survival and growth of wiregrass seedlings. Two-month-old seedlings were underplanted in existing longleaf pine stands on dry Lakeland soils at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Survival was acceptable at 51% after four years, although reduced owing to drought and small seedling size. Survival and growth could both be increased by using older seedlings with an initial height of at least 6 cm. Wiregrass leaves grew quite rapidly and attained an average length of 48 cm in four years on control plots. Basal area growth rate was greater than expected, averaging 40% on control treatments and 55% on cultivated and fertilized plots. If growth rates during the first four seasons continue, wiregrass will attain mature size on cultivated and fertilized plots at six years, while non-fertilized control plots will take eight years. A planting density of one seedling per m super(2) is recommended to provide sufficient wiregrass foliar cover to influence fire regimes in a reasonable length of time (i.e., 5-7 years). JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Outcalt, K W AU - Williams, ME AU - Onokpise, O AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 262 EP - 270 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Longleaf pine KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Aristida stricta KW - Fertilization KW - Grasses KW - Pinus palustris KW - Survival KW - Environmental restoration KW - Methodology KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17404804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Restoring+Aristida+stricta+to+Pinus+palustris+Ecosystems+on+the+Atlantic+Coastal+Plain%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Outcalt%2C+K+W%3BWilliams%2C+ME%3BOnokpise%2C+O&rft.aulast=Outcalt&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.1999.72019.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aristida stricta; Pinus palustris; Environmental restoration; Grasses; Fires; Survival; Methodology; Fertilization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72019.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of three Hieracium species in the Mt Possession area, mid Canterbury, New Zealand AN - 17396008; 4625301 AB - The abundance of three Hieracium species was examined in the Mt Possession area in relation to soil and other site variables. For H. pilosella cover, total soil P and elevation were the most significant combined predictors, but together explained only 30% of the variation. H. pilosella had the highest cover at relatively high P levels and at low elevation. The presence of H. praealtum was predicted by moisture index, while that of H. caespitosum was predicted by tussock height and C:N ratio in the soil. However, none of the measured site variables significantly predicted the cover of H. praealtum and H. caespitosum. The present cover distributions of H. pilosella and H. praealtum were compared with a 1960s survey in the area. The distribution of H. pilosella cover frequency had changed from being skewed with the species absent or in low cover in 1960s, to becoming common and the cover frequency for H. pilosella showing a normal distribution with the highest frequency at cover class 2 (5-25% cover). H. praealtum was absent or in relatively low cover in both surveys. The P response curve for H. pilosella contradicts other studies, and shows the need for specificity about what environment and vegetation are studied. The differences in spatial and temporal variation among the three Hieracium species also emphasise the need to consider them separately when discussing their ecology and management. JF - New Zealand Journal of Botany AU - Svavarsdottir, K AU - Palmer, J G AU - White, JJH AD - Soil Conservation Service, Gunnarsholt, 851 Hella, Iceland, kristin_sv@landgr.is Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 469 EP - 477 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0028-825X, 0028-825X KW - New Zealand KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Hieracium KW - Microenvironments KW - Population changes KW - Species composition KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17396008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+three+Hieracium+species+in+the+Mt+Possession+area%2C+mid+Canterbury%2C+New+Zealand&rft.au=Svavarsdottir%2C+K%3BPalmer%2C+J+G%3BWhite%2C+JJH&rft.aulast=Svavarsdottir&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=0028825X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hieracium; Species composition; Ecological distribution; Abundance; Population changes; Microenvironments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformations of volatile methylated selenium in soil AN - 17390918; 4605452 AB - Microbial volatilization of selenium as dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) from soil is an important part of the Se cycle in nature, but little is known about the stability and transformations of these gases during residence in the soil environment before dissipation to the atmosphere. Experiments monitored by gas chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy were made with various clay mineral standards, charcoal, commercial humic substances and soils to determine the sorption and transformations of DMSe and DMDSe injected into the headspace or passed through soil materials. Batch experiments conducted with 2-5 g materials placed into 40 mL Teflon centrifuge tubes equipped with Mininert gas sampling valves showed that DMSe was slowly sorbed by soil materials and most of the DMSe deficit in the headspace was recovered as SeO super(=) sub(3) and SeO super(=) sub(4). In contrast, DMDSe was rapidly partitioned from the gas phase and resulted in an increased recovery of less soluble elemental and selenide-Se forms. These results were confirmed during flow-through soil column studies with both little DMSe sorption and sorption of the majority of DMDSe addition. Additions of selenomethionine (SeMet) to soil to produce DMSe and DMDSe in sealed flasks resulted in an increased partitioning of Se into inorganic Se when compared with a flowthrough system designed to limit the contact of Se gases with soil. These results suggest that soil Se volatilization as DMSe and DMDSe results in Se loss to the atmosphere as DMSe with concomitant soil Se immobilization due to the instability of DMDSe. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Martens, DA AU - Suarez, D L AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Rd, Ames, IA 50011, USA, martens@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1355 EP - 1361 VL - 31 IS - 10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - dimethylselenide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sorption KW - Biochemistry KW - Volatilization KW - Vaporization KW - Soil KW - Selenium KW - Gases KW - A 01056:Mineral microbiology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Transformations+of+volatile+methylated+selenium+in+soil&rft.au=Martens%2C+DA%3BSuarez%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Selenium; Vaporization; Gases; Sorption; Biochemistry; Volatilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between soilborne and seedborne inoculum density and the incidence of dwarf bunt of wheat AN - 17390138; 4611368 AB - The incidence of dwarf bunt of wheat as a function of inoculum density was studied in a susceptible and a partially resistant cultivar at three disease-conducive locations for three seasons. Prior to seeding, plots were fumigated with methyl bromide to eliminate residual inoculum. Each cultivar was seeded into two 1.2-m rows in four replicates. The soil surface was inoculated with 0, 16 x 10 super(2), 16 x 10 super(3), 16 x 10 super(4), 16 x 10 super(5), and 16 x 10 super(6) teliospores of Tilletia controversa per row, or seed was inoculated with 0, 2 x 10 super(2), 2 x 10 super(3), 2 x 10 super(4), 2 x 10 super(5), and 2 x 10 super(6) teliospores per gram. To determine maximum possible infection, two 3.1-m rows of each cultivar were soil-surface inoculated at 10x the highest treatment rate. In the soil-inoculated plots, a minimum of 16 x 10 super(3) teliospores/row was needed to cause trace amounts of disease (0.6% maximum), even when the positive indicator treatment had up to 88% incidence. Only trace amounts or no disease occurred below the 16 x 10 super(5) rate. In the seed-inoculated plots, infection was rare and occurred only at inoculation rates of 2 x 10 super(5) teliospores/g or higher; the highest incidence was 0.4%. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goates, B J AU - Peterson, G L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, P.O. Box 307, Aberdeen, SD 83210, USA, bgoates@uidaho.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 819 EP - 824 VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - dwarf bunt disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Seed-borne diseases KW - Soil-borne diseases KW - Disease resistance KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+soilborne+and+seedborne+inoculum+density+and+the+incidence+of+dwarf+bunt+of+wheat&rft.au=Goates%2C+B+J%3BPeterson%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Goates&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Soil-borne diseases; Seed-borne diseases; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specificity of TAS-ELISA beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its application for determining rhizomania resistance in field-grown sugar beets AN - 17389493; 4611375 AB - Levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), as measured by triple-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA), were compared with biological evaluations in representative commercial and experimental sugar beet cultivars developed for production in the United States and ranging in their reactions to rhizomania from uniformly susceptible to highly resistant. TAS-ELISA was specific for BNYVV and did not react with related soilborne sugar beet viruses. Differences in absorbance (A sub(405nm)) values measured in eight cultivars closely correlated with the dosage and frequency of the Rz allele, which conditions resistance to BNYVV. A diploid (Rzrz) hybrid had a significantly lower absorbance value (less virus) than a similar triploid (Rzrzrz) hybrid. Cultivars that segregated (Rzrz:rzrz) had higher absorbance values than uniformly resistant (Rzrz) hybrids, as was expected. For all cultivars, absorbance values decreased as the season progressed. Absorbance value was significantly positively correlated with rhizomania disease index score and negatively correlated with individual root weight, plot root weight, and sugar yield. This information should be useful in resistance-breeding and -evaluation programs and in the sugar industry when considering cultivar choice, inoculum production, and future crop rotations. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Lewellen, R T AU - Sears, J L AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Duffus, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, USA, gwisler@pwa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 864 EP - 870 VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Disease resistance KW - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17389493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Specificity+of+TAS-ELISA+beet+necrotic+yellow+vein+virus+and+its+application+for+determining+rhizomania+resistance+in+field-grown+sugar+beets&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BLewellen%2C+R+T%3BSears%2C+J+L%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BDuffus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beta vulgaris; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the Green Fluorescent Protein for Investigations of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus in Insect Hosts AN - 17380589; 4593395 AB - The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has been expressed in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and has been used extensively as a marker in the study of host-pathogen interactions. We have expressed GFP in the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus through co-transformation with a vector that confers resistance to glufosinate ammonium. All cell types express GFP and were readily detected by fluorescence microscopy. No correlation was observed between the amount of fluorescence and the pattern of vector integration as observed by Southern analysis. Fluorescent hyphae and conidia were easily distinguished on two insect hosts, the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, and blastospores were also detected in the hemolymph of the diamondback moth. GFP-tagged strains of P. fumosoroseus can be used to study the developmental fate of the fungus within its insect hosts. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Cantone, F A AU - Vandenberg, J D AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Tower Road, Ithaca, 14853, New York, jdv3@cornell.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 193 EP - 197 PB - Academic Press VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Homoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Aphids KW - Diamondback moths KW - Water jellyfish KW - Plantlice KW - green fluorescent protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Transformation KW - Aphididae KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Gene expression KW - Plutellidae KW - Cell lines KW - Hemolymph KW - Fungi KW - Vectors KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Plutella xylostella KW - Aequorea victoria KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - N 14674:Transformation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+Green+Fluorescent+Protein+for+Investigations+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+in+Insect+Hosts&rft.au=Cantone%2C+F+A%3BVandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Cantone&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.1999.4864 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Aphididae; Diuraphis noxia; Plutella xylostella; Plutellidae; Aequorea victoria; Transformation; Fungi; Green fluorescent protein; Cell lines; Gene expression; Host-pathogen interactions; Vectors; Hemolymph DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1999.4864 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imbibition temperatures affect bitterbrush seed dormancy and seedling vigor AN - 17376809; 4599213 AB - Bitterbrush first-year seedling survival is low. To determine whether imbibition temperatures affected seedling vigor, I compared post-imbibition seed weight, germination, and early growth among untreated, thiourea-treated, and cool-moist-treated seeds from three collections. Seedling axial lengths from untreated seeds averaged 28 mm among all imbibition temperatures. This compared to 31 mm from thiourea-treated seeds, 68 mm from seed held at 5 degree C for 14 days, and 118 mm from seeds held at 2 degree C for 28 days. There was no imbibition temperature for untreated or thiourea-treated seeds that compensated for the lack of a cool-moist treatment. Seed treatments or seedbed conditions which fully remove dormancy and reduce dormant-seed respiration appear likely to increase seedling survival during the first growing season. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Booth, D T AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, 82009, WY, U.S.A. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 91 EP - 101 PB - Academic Press VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Water intake KW - Seed germination KW - Survival KW - Purshia KW - Dormancy KW - Air temperature KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Imbibition+temperatures+affect+bitterbrush+seed+dormancy+and+seedling+vigor&rft.au=Booth%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.1999.0527 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Purshia; Seed germination; Survival; Water intake; Air temperature; Dormancy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0527 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arroyo water storage and soil nutrients and their effects on gas-exchange of shrub species in the northern Chihuahuan Desert AN - 17376120; 4599208 AB - A variable fraction of the rain falling on desert landscapes runs off and accumulates in ephemeral channels (arroyos), where some of the water is transported downslope. Relatively large amounts of water are stored in arroyo sediments. This water may support high rates of gas-exchange in some riparian species. We examined differences in the timing of flow events, soil water storage, and soil nutrients on gas-exchange rates of shrubs growing on arroyo margins and in adjacent piedmont areas in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico, USA. The semi-riparian shrub, Fallugia paradoxa (Apache plume), had very different photosynthetic rates between two arroyos, but transpiration rates did not differ. This may result from nutrient limitation differences between arroyos. At one site, the semi-riparian shrub, Prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), on arroyo margins had access to more water and showed higher rates of gas-exchange compared with non-arroyo mesquite located on nearby piedmont areas. The obligate riparian shrub, Chilopsis linearis (desert willow), had intermediate gas-exchange rates when compared with Apache plume and mesquite, and neither soil water nor nutrient concentrations appeared to affect photosynthesis during the growing season. Variation between and within arroyos was high; however, our data suggest that stored water enabled mesquite of arroyo margins to maintain relatively high rates of gas-exchange. When water was relatively abundant, nutrient availability appeared to limit photosynthetic rates of Apache plume. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Atchley, M C AU - De Soyza, AG AU - Whitford, W G AD - Dr Walt Whitford, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 21 EP - 33 PB - Academic Press VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - gas-exchange KW - USA, New Mexico KW - USA, New Mexico, Chihuahuan Desert KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Shrubs KW - Variability KW - Photosynthesis KW - Arid environments KW - Nutrients KW - Soil Water KW - Arroyos KW - Water supplies KW - Transpiration KW - Soil nutrients KW - Sediments KW - Deserts KW - Water Storage KW - Species composition KW - Plumes KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Arroyo+water+storage+and+soil+nutrients+and+their+effects+on+gas-exchange+of+shrub+species+in+the+northern+Chihuahuan+Desert&rft.au=Atchley%2C+M+C%3BDe+Soyza%2C+AG%3BWhitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Atchley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.1999.0530 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Deserts; Arroyos; Water Storage; Nutrients; Soil Water; Photosynthesis; Transpiration; Variability; Plumes; Sediments; Species composition; Gas exchange; Water supplies; Soil nutrients; Arid environments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0530 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States during 1996 AN - 17342158; 4611376 AB - Stem rust caused negligible yield losses in 1996 in the United States. Wheat stem rust was first found during the second week of April in a field of soft red winter wheat southwest of Houston, Texas. Race Pgt-TPMK continues to predominate, with 66% of 273 isolates from 100 collections. TPMK represented 76 and 63% of the isolates from wheat in fields and nurseries, respectively. Race QFCS was identified at a frequency of 12 and 29% from farm fields and nurseries, respectively, and 26% overall. Eight other races consisted of 3% or less of the isolates. From barley, race QCCJ, virulent to the Rpg-1 gene for resistance to stem rust, was identified in only 12% of 77 isolates of 27 collections, while TPMK consisted of 64% of the isolates. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Srgb, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was first found in late April in southern Louisiana and central Texas. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, comprising 91% of 93 isolates from 36 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the other two races identified, comprising 4% each. JF - Plant Disease AU - McVey, D V AU - Long, D L AU - Roberts, J J AD - Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, donm@puccini.crl.umn.edu Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 871 EP - 875 VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cereal rust KW - races KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Plant diseases KW - USA KW - Stem rust KW - Puccinia graminis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17342158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Races+of+Puccinia+graminis+in+the+United+States+during+1996&rft.au=McVey%2C+D+V%3BLong%2C+D+L%3BRoberts%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=McVey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; USA; Stem rust; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of Quassinoids: Physiological Responses and Structural Requirements AN - 17317386; 4577931 AB - Quassinoids are naturally occurring compounds with phytotoxic and allelopathic activities isolated from several plant species of the Simaroubaceae family. There is relatively little information about the structural characteristics imparting biological activity to these diterpene lactones or their effects on plants. We studied the effects of the oxymethylene ring substitution on the biological activity and molecular conformation of several quassinoids. The presence of this functional group had a great effect on the three-dimensional conformation and biological activity of these natural products. In the absence of the oxymethylene ring, the quassinoids were more planar and had little phytotoxicity. In addition, this bridging function introduced a new reactive center that caused the terpene backbone to bend. Molecules with such conformation were highly phytotoxic, reducing root growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and affecting all stages of mitosis in onion (Allium cepa) root tips. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Dayan, F E AU - Watson, S B AU - Galindo, J G AU - Hernandez, A AU - Dou, J AU - Mcchesney, J D AU - Duke, SO AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University, 38677, Mississippi,; caag.gov] fdayan fdayan Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 15 EP - 24 PB - Academic Press VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - Allium cepa KW - Lactuca sativa KW - Lettuce KW - biological activity KW - chemical substitution KW - phytotoxins KW - quassinoids KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Biological activity KW - X 24172:Plants KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17317386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+Quassinoids%3A+Physiological+Responses+and+Structural+Requirements&rft.au=Dayan%2C+F+E%3BWatson%2C+S+B%3BGalindo%2C+J+G%3BHernandez%2C+A%3BDou%2C+J%3BMcchesney%2C+J+D%3BDuke%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpest.1999.2432 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allium cepa; Lactuca sativa; Phytotoxicity; Biological activity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1999.2432 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins AN - 17293653; 4638258 AB - Snowmelt is the principal source for soil moisture, ground-water re-charge, and stream-flow in mountainous regions of the western US, Canada, and other similar regions of the world. Information on the timing, magnitude, and contributing area of melt under variable or changing climate conditions is required for successful water and resource management. A coupled energy and mass-balance model ISNOBAL is used to simulate the development and melting of the seasonal snowcover in several mountain basins in California, Idaho, and Utah. Simulations are done over basins varying from 1 to 2500 km super(2), with simulation periods varying from a few days for the smallest basin, Emerald Lake watershed in California, to multiple snow seasons for the Park City area in Utah. The model is driven by topographically corrected estimates of radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation. Simulation results in all basins closely match independently measured snow water equivalent, snow depth, or runoff during both the development and depletion of the snowcover. Spatially distributed estimates of snow deposition and melt allow us to better understand the interaction between topographic structure, climate, and moisture availability in mountain basins of the western US. Application of topographically distributed models such as this will lead to improved water resource and watershed management. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Marks, D AU - Domingo, J AU - Susong, D AU - Link, T AU - Garen, D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd., Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, 208/422-0721, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1935 EP - 1959 PB - John Wiley & Sons VL - 13 IS - 12-13 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mountains KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Water resources management KW - Snow-water equivalent KW - Energy KW - Climates KW - Snowmelt KW - Watershed management KW - Streamflow KW - Topography KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17293653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=A+spatially+distributed+energy+balance+snowmelt+model+for+application+in+mountain+basins&rft.au=Marks%2C+D%3BDomingo%2C+J%3BSusong%2C+D%3BLink%2C+T%3BGaren%2C+D&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12-13&rft.spage=1935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mountains; Water resources management; Groundwater recharge; Snow-water equivalent; Energy; Climates; Snowmelt; Watershed management; Streamflow; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface drip irrigation of row crops: a review of 15 years of research at the Water Management Research Laboratory AN - 17285435; 4594662 AB - Use of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has progressed from being a novelty employed by researchers to an accepted method of irrigation of both perennial and annual crops. This paper reviews the SDI research conducted by scientists at the Water Management Research Laboratory over a period of 15 years. Data are presented for irrigation and fertilization management on tomato, cotton, sweet corn, alfalfa, and cantaloupe for both plot and field applications. Results from these studies demonstrated significant yield and water use efficiency increases in all crops. Use of high frequency irrigation resulted in reduced deep percolation and increased use of water from shallow ground water when crops were grown in high water table areas. Uniformity studies demonstrated that after 9 years of operation SDI uniformity was as good as at the time of installation if management procedures were followed to prevent root intrusion. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Ayars, JE AU - Phene, C J AU - Hutmacher, R B AU - Davis, K R AU - Schoneman, R A AU - Vail, S S AU - Mead, R M AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA- ARS Fresno USA Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - Life Sciences 413 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Research priorities KW - Fertilizers KW - Water management KW - Water table KW - Groundwater KW - Subsurface irrigation KW - Drip irrigation KW - Literature review KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Subsurface+drip+irrigation+of+row+crops%3A+a+review+of+15+years+of+research+at+the+Water+Management+Research+Laboratory&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BPhene%2C+C+J%3BHutmacher%2C+R+B%3BDavis%2C+K+R%3BSchoneman%2C+R+A%3BVail%2C+S+S%3BMead%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Fertilizers; Research priorities; Water management; Water table; Groundwater; Drip irrigation; Subsurface irrigation; Literature review ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sub-grid parameterization of snow distribution for an energy and mass balance snow cover model AN - 17283085; 4638257 AB - Representation of sub-element scale variability in snow accumulation and ablation is increasingly recognized as important in distributed hydrologic modelling. Representing sub-grid scale variability may be accomplished through numerical integration of a nested grid or through a lumped modelling approach. We present a physically based model of the lumped snowpack mass and energy balance applied to a 26-ha rangeland catchment with high spatial variability in snow accumulation and melt. Model state variables are snow-covered area average snow energy content (U), the basin-average snow water equivalence (W sub(a)), and snow-covered area fraction (A sub(f)). The energy state variable is evolved through an energy balance. The snow water equivalence state variable is evolved through a mass balance, and the area state variable is updated according to an empirically derived relationship, A sub(f)(W sub(a)), that is similar in nature to depletion curves used in existing empirical basin snowmelt models. As snow accumulates, the snow covered area increases rapidly. As the snowpack ablates, A sub(f) decreases as W sub(a) decreases. This paper shows how the relationship A sub(f)(W sub(a)) for the melt season can be estimated from the distribution of snow water equivalence at peak accumulation in the area being modelled. We show that the depletion curve estimated from the snow distribution of peak accumulation at the Upper Sheep Creek sub-basin of Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed compares well against the observed depletion data as well as modelled depletion data from an explicit spatially distributed energy balance model. Comparisons of basin average snow water equivalence between the lumped model and spatially distributed model show good agreement. Comparisons to observed snow water equivalence show poorer but still reasonable agreement. The sub-grid parameterization is easily portable to other physically based point snowmelt models. It has potential application for use in hydrologic and climate models covering large areas with large model elements, where a computationally inexpensive parameterization of sub-grid snow processes may be important. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Luce, CH AU - Tarboton, D G AU - Cooley, K R AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mtn. Research Station, 316 E. Myrtle Boise, ID 83702, USA, clucemci.net Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1921 EP - 1933 PB - John Wiley & Sons VL - 13 IS - 12-13 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Snowpack KW - Snow-water equivalent KW - Energy KW - Snowmelt KW - Snow accumulation KW - Snow cover KW - Watersheds KW - Ablation KW - Hydrologic models KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17283085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Sub-grid+parameterization+of+snow+distribution+for+an+energy+and+mass+balance+snow+cover+model&rft.au=Luce%2C+CH%3BTarboton%2C+D+G%3BCooley%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Luce&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12-13&rft.spage=1921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Snowpack; Snow-water equivalent; Energy; Snowmelt; Snow accumulation; Watersheds; Snow cover; Ablation; Hydrologic models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renewable Resource Policy When Distributional Impacts Matter AN - 16133305; 4604526 AB - The standard assumption in bioeconomic resource models is that optimal policies maximize the present value of economic surplus to society. This assumption implies that regulatory agencies should not be concerned with the distributional consequences of management strategies. Both contemporary welfare-theoretic and rent-seeking approaches suggests distributional issues are important in designing resource management policies. This paper explores resource management when the managing agency has preferences defined over the economic welfare of various groups with a direct economic interest in the use of resources. Policy schemes consistent with this approach are derived and compared with standard results. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Horan, R AU - Shortle, J S AU - Bulte, E H AD - RED/ERS/USDA, 1800 M St., Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 191 EP - 215 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Environmental economics KW - Energy policy KW - Renewable energy resources KW - Government policies KW - Economics KW - Environmental impact KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1240:Sustainable Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16133305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Renewable+Resource+Policy+When+Distributional+Impacts+Matter&rft.au=Horan%2C+R%3BShortle%2C+J+S%3BBulte%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Horan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008359115385 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Energy policy; Renewable energy resources; Economics; Environmental impact; Environmental economics; Government policies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008359115385 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of DNA vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease, evaluation of vaccines encoding replicating and non-replicating nucleic acids in swine AN - 17343539; 4598842 AB - We have developed naked DNA vaccine candidates for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an important disease of domestic animals. The virus that causes this disease, FMDV, is a member of the picornavirus family, which includes many important human pathogens, such as poliovirus, hepatitis A virus, and rhinovirus. Picornaviruses are characterized by a small (7-9000 nucleotide) RNA genome that encodes capsid proteins, processing proteinases, and enzymes required for RNA replication. We have developed two different types of DNA vaccines for FMD. The first DNA vaccine, pP12X3C, encodes the viral capsid gene (P1) and the processing proteinase (3C). Cells transfected with this DNA produce processed viral antigen, and animals inoculated with this DNA using a gene gun produced detectable antiviral immune responses. Mouse inoculations with this plasmid, and with a derivative containing a mutation in the 3C proteinase, indicated that capsid assembly was essential for induction of neutralizing antibody responses. The second DNA vaccine candidate, pWRMHX, encodes the entire FMDV genome, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, permitting the plasmid-encoded viral genomes to undergo amplification in susceptible cells. pWRMHX encodes a mutation at the cell binding site, preventing the replicated genomes from causing disease. Swine inoculated with this vaccine candidate produce viral particles lacking the cell binding site, and neutralizing antibodies that recognize the virus. Comparison of the immune responses elicited by pP12X3C and pWRMHX in swine indicate that the plasmid encoding the replicating genome stimulated a stronger immune response, and swine inoculated with pWRMHX by the intramuscular, intradermal, or gene gun routes were partially protected from a highly virulent FMD challenge. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Beard, C AU - Ward, G AU - Rieder, E AU - Chinsangaram, J AU - Grubman, MJ AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA, petermas@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 20 SP - 243 EP - 249 VL - 73 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - DNA vaccines KW - Foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - pigs KW - proteinase 3C KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Capsids KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17343539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+DNA+vaccines+for+foot-and-mouth+disease%2C+evaluation+of+vaccines+encoding+replicating+and+non-replicating+nucleic+acids+in+swine&rft.au=Beard%2C+C%3BWard%2C+G%3BRieder%2C+E%3BChinsangaram%2C+J%3BGrubman%2C+MJ%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-08-20&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1656%2899%2900142-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: New Approaches to Vaccine Development 1997. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Vaccines; Capsids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00142-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and 9-cis-retinoids are synergistic regulators of 24-hydroxylase activity in the rat and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) alters retinoic acid metabolism in vivo. AN - 69958248; 10441374 AB - The RXR forms a heterodimer with the VDR to activate genes that are regulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). In the absence of RXR's ligand, 9-cis-RA, RXR appears to be a silent partner to VDR. The effect of 9-cis-RA on VDR/RXR heterodimer formation and 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated gene expression in vivo remains unclear. We examined the effect of exogenous 9-cis-RA or 9-cis-RA precursors, 9, 13-di-cis-RA and 9-cis-RCHO, on 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated induction rat renal 24-hydroxylase. The rats were treated as follows: (1) vehicle; (2) 1,25(OH)(2)D(3); (3) 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) + 9-cis-RA; (4) 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) + 9,13-di-cis-RA; (5) 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) + 9-cis-RCHO; (6) 9-cis-RA; (7) 9,13-di-cis-RA; and (8) 9-cis-RCHO. 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) was administered IP 18 h prior to sacrifice. The retinoids were administered every 4 h, starting 28 h prior to sacrifice. The last retinoid dose was administered 4 h prior to sacrifice. Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) alone increased 24-hydroxylase from 35 +/- 6 (controls) to 258 +/- 44 pmol/min/g tissue. When 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was administered with 9-cis-RA, 9, 13-di-cis-RA, or 9-cis-RCHO, 24-hydroxylases were 568 +/- 56, 524 +/- 56, and 463 +/- 62 pmol/min/g tissue, respectively. Furthermore, codosing of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 9-cis-retinoids resulted in higher circulating concentrations of 9-cis-RA and 9,13-di-cis-RA when compared to rats dosed with 9-cis-retinoids alone. This was shown to be due to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) increasing the half-life of 9,13-di-cis-RA by three to four times. These results show that 9-cis-RA can act synergistically with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the regulation of 24-hydroxylase in vivo. Additionally, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulates 9, 13-di-cis-RA metabolism in vivo. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Reinhardt, T A AU - Koszewski, N J AU - Omdahl, J AU - Horst, R L AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA. treinhar@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 15 SP - 244 EP - 248 VL - 368 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Calcium Channel Agonists KW - 0 KW - Retinoids KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Steroid Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.- KW - Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase KW - EC 1.14.15.16 KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Tretinoin -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- enzymology KW - Steroid Hydroxylases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Retinoids -- pharmacology KW - Calcium Channel Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Calcitriol -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69958248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=1%2C25-Dihydroxyvitamin+D%283%29+and+9-cis-retinoids+are+synergistic+regulators+of+24-hydroxylase+activity+in+the+rat+and+1%2C+25-dihydroxyvitamin+D%283%29+alters+retinoic+acid+metabolism+in+vivo.&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+T+A%3BKoszewski%2C+N+J%3BOmdahl%2C+J%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a point mutation in the para-type sodium channel gene from a pyrethroid-resistant cattle tick. AN - 69952988; 10441465 AB - To investigate the molecular mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids in the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, we have obtained and sequenced a partial para-homologous sodium channel cDNA from susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant tick strains. A point mutation that results in an amino acid change from Phe to Ile was identified in the highly conserved domain IIIS6 of the homologous sodium channel from ticks that are highly resistant to pyrethroid acaricides. This mutation is at a location different from those reported in the same gene in pyrethroid-resistant insects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - He, H AU - Chen, A C AU - Davey, R B AU - Ivie, G W AU - George, J E AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas, 77845, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 11 SP - 558 EP - 561 VL - 261 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Batrachotoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Insecticides KW - Pyrethrins KW - Sodium Channels KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Batrachotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Ticks -- genetics KW - Sodium Channels -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69952988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+point+mutation+in+the+para-type+sodium+channel+gene+from+a+pyrethroid-resistant+cattle+tick.&rft.au=He%2C+H%3BChen%2C+A+C%3BDavey%2C+R+B%3BIvie%2C+G+W%3BGeorge%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-08-11&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF134216; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DETECTION OF IMMUNOMAGNETIC BEAD CAPTURED ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 BY LIGHT ADDRESSABLE POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR AN - 915485669; 16098308 AB - AbstractA modified approach using a light addressable Potentiometric sensor (LAPS) method to detect Escherichia coli O157.H7 in solutions is described. The bacterial cells were captured by the specific antibody coated on magnetic beads. The immuno paramagnetic beads (IMB) were then concentrated by a magnetic separator. Fluorescein-labeled anti E. coli antibody and urease-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibody were then used to label the cells captured by the beads. After labeling, the mixtures were rapidly filtered through 0.45 or 1.0 mu m nitrocellulose or polycarbonate filters. The production of NH3 from urea by the conjugated urease associated with the captured bacteria was then analyzed. The results indicate that IMB approach can be used to increase the specificity of the LAPS method for pathogenic bacteria detection. With this procedure, the presence of about one E. coli O157:H7 CFU per g of hamburger meat can be detected after a 6 h incubation. JF - Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Uknalis, Joseph AU - Gehring, Andrew AD - United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, North Atlantic Area Eastern Regional Research Center 600 E. Mermaid Lane Wyndmoor, PA 19038 Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 69 EP - 79 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3999, 1060-3999 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - J:02300 KW - A:01300 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/915485669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=DETECTION+OF+IMMUNOMAGNETIC+BEAD+CAPTURED+ESCHERICHIA+COLI+O157%3AH7+BY+LIGHT+ADDRESSABLE+POTENTIOMETRIC+SENSOR&rft.au=Tu%2C+Shu-I%3BUknalis%2C+Joseph%3BGehring%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=Shu-I&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=10603999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4581.1999.tb00376.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00376.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin B12 deficiency: a new risk factor for breast cancer? AN - 70828827; 10518411 AB - A prospective epidemiologic study found a threshold level for serum vitamin B12, below which an increased risk of breast cancer among postmeno-pausal women was observed. This is the first observation to suggest that B12 status may influence breast carcinogenesis and therefore may be a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer prevention. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Choi, S W AD - Vitamin Bioavailability Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 250 EP - 253 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prospective Studies KW - Postmenopause KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency -- epidemiology KW - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency -- blood KW - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency -- complications KW - Breast Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Vitamin B 12 -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70828827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Vitamin+B12+deficiency%3A+a+new+risk+factor+for+breast+cancer%3F&rft.au=Choi%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusaric acid and modification of the subchronic toxicity to rats of fumonisins in F. moniliforme culture material. AN - 70784449; 10506009 AB - Fumonisins and fusaric acid (FA) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium which grow on corn. Fumonisins cause animal toxicities associated with F. moniliforme and, like F. monliforme, they are suspected human oesophageal carcinogens. Toxic synergism was obtained by simultaneous administration of FA and fumonisin B1 to chicks in ovo. To determine the effect of FA on in vivo toxicity of F. moniliforme culture material (CM), male rats (12 groups, n = 5/ group) were fed diets containing 0.025, 0.10 or 2.5% CM (providing dietary levels of 3.4, 18.4 or 437 ppm fumonisins, respectively) to which, at each CM level, 0, 20, 100 or 400 ppm FA were added. Additionally, an FA control group was fed 400 ppm FA only and an untreated control group was given neither FA nor culture material. Apoptosis and other effects consistent with those caused by fumonisins were present in the kidneys of animals fed 0.025% or more CM and in the livers of animals fed 2.5% CM. FA was without effect. No differences between the untreated and FA control groups were noted and no differences among the four groups (0-400 ppm FA) fed 0.025% CM, the four groups fed 0.10% CM or the four groups fed 2.5% CM were apparent. Thus, FA exerted no synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects on the subchronic in vivo toxicity of fumonisin-producing F. moniliforme. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Voss, K A AU - Porter, J K AU - Bacon, C W AU - Meredith, F I AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 853 EP - 861 VL - 37 IS - 8 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Enzymes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - Triglycerides KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Organ Size KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Eating KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Enzymes -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Sphingolipids -- analysis KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Fusarium KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Fusaric Acid -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70784449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Fusaric+acid+and+modification+of+the+subchronic+toxicity+to+rats+of+fumonisins+in+F.+moniliforme+culture+material.&rft.au=Voss%2C+K+A%3BPorter%2C+J+K%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Important parasites in poultry production systems. AN - 69977794; 10456422 AB - Poultry now accounts for 30% of all meat consumed. Parasites are a problem where ever poultry are raised, whether in large commercial operations or in small back-yard flocks, and economic losses can be significant. This paper will briefly review the major protozoan, helminth, and arthropod species in poultry including pathogenesis. Other topics will include the importance of the interaction of other diseases and parasites, and control of the infection by chemotherapy, management, and immunity. JF - Veterinary parasitology AU - Ruff, M D AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. mdr@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 01 SP - 337 EP - 347 VL - 84 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-4017, 0304-4017 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Coccidiostats KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Arthropods -- pathogenicity KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Eimeria -- pathogenicity KW - Cestoda -- pathogenicity KW - Nematoda -- pathogenicity KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Anthelmintics -- therapeutic use KW - Coccidiostats -- therapeutic use KW - Coccidiosis -- drug therapy KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- drug therapy KW - Cestode Infections -- prevention & control KW - Cestode Infections -- veterinary KW - Nematode Infections -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cestode Infections -- drug therapy KW - Coccidiosis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Nematode Infections -- veterinary KW - Coccidiosis -- prevention & control KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- veterinary KW - Nematode Infections -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69977794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.atitle=Important+parasites+in+poultry+production+systems.&rft.au=Ruff%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.issn=03044017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semi-automated fluorogenic PCR assays (TaqMan) forrapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other shiga toxigenic E. coli. AN - 69950129; 10441202 AB - Semi-automated detection of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) was achieved using fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These PCR assays were designed to amplify 80, 120 and 150 bp regions of virulence genes stx1, stx2 and eaeA, respectively, using specific primers. The fluorogenic probes were used for specific detection of amplified products of the stx1 and stx2 genes of STEC, and the eaeA gene of EHEC O157:H7. For multiplex PCR assay, the three sets of primers and fluorogenic probes were included in one reaction to simultaneously amplify and detect any of the three targeted virulence genes. In non-multiplex PCR assay, each of the three virulence genes was amplified and detected in independent reactions. The specificity of these assays was evaluated using suspensions of STEC and other bacterial species lacking stx1, stx2 and eaeA. The multiplex assay detected all STEC harbouring any combination of three virulence genes. Three non-multiplex PCR reactions identified types of Shiga toxin genes carried by a STEC and identified STEC as either EHEC O157:H7 or non-O157:H7 STEC. Sensitivity limits of these assays in beef and faeces inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 were 5.8 to 580 cfu and 1.2 to 1200 cfu, respectively. These assays can be completed within 8-10 h when performed simultaneously or within 13 h if the multiplex assay is used as an initial screen for detecting STEC and the non-multiplex assay is used for subsequent detection of stx1 and stx2 of STEC and eaeA of EHEC O157:H7 Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Sharma, V K AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Casey, T A AD - Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA. vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 291 EP - 302 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - Adhesins, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Carrier Proteins KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Shiga Toxins KW - eaeA protein, E coli KW - 147094-99-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Fluorescence KW - Humans KW - Automation KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69950129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Semi-automated+fluorogenic+PCR+assays+%28TaqMan%29+forrapid+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+other+shiga+toxigenic+E.+coli.&rft.au=Sharma%2C+V+K%3BDean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BCasey%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene sequence and properties of an s-triazine ring-cleavage enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12227. AN - 69928666; 10427042 AB - Pesticides based on the s-triazine ring structure are widely used in cultivation of food crops. Cleavage of the s-triazine ring is an important step in the mineralization of s-triazine compounds and hence in their complete removal from the environment. Cyanuric acid amidohydrolase cleaves cyanuric acid (2,4,6-trihydroxy-s-triazine), which yields carbon dioxide and biuret; the biuret is subject to further metabolism, which yields CO(2) and ammonia. The trzD gene encoding cyanuric acid amidohydrolase was cloned into pMMB277 from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12227, a strain that is capable of utilizing s-triazines as nitrogen sources. Hydrolysis of cyanuric acid was detected in crude extracts of Escherichia coli containing the cloned gene by monitoring the disappearance of cyanuric acid and the appearance of biuret by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DEAE and hydrophobic interaction HPLC were used to purify cyanuric acid amidohydrolase to homogeneity, and a spectrophotometric assay for the purified enzyme was developed. The purified enzyme had an apparent K(m) of 0.05 mM for cyanuric acid at pH 8.0. The enzyme did not cleave any other s-triazine or hydroxypyrimidine compound, although barbituric acid (2,4, 6-trihydroxypyrimidine) was found to be a strong competitive inhibitor. Neither the nucleotide sequence of trzD nor the amino acid sequence of the gene product exhibited a significant level of similarity to any known gene or protein. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Institute, Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. jkarns@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 3512 EP - 3517 VL - 65 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Triazines KW - Amidohydrolases KW - EC 3.5.- KW - cyanuric acid amidohydrolase KW - EC 3.5.4.- KW - cyanuric acid KW - H497R4QKTZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Pesticides -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Kinetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Food Contamination KW - Triazines -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Amidohydrolases -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas -- enzymology KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Amidohydrolases -- isolation & purification KW - Amidohydrolases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69928666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Gene+sequence+and+properties+of+an+s-triazine+ring-cleavage+enzyme+from+Pseudomonas+sp.+strain+NRRLB-12227.&rft.au=Karns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Karns&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF086815; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Biol Chem. 1965 Feb;240:863-9 [14275146] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Anal Biochem. 1977 Oct;82(2):362-71 [20815] Anal Biochem. 1981 Jun;114(1):193-7 [6269464] Biochem J. 1985 Oct 1;231(1):25-30 [3904735] J Bacteriol. 1991 Feb;173(3):1215-22 [1846859] J Bacteriol. 1991 Feb;173(3):1363-6 [1991731] Gene. 1991 Jan 2;97(1):39-47 [1847347] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Dec;60(12):4297-302 [7811069] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jan;61(1):297-302 [7887609] J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(16):4894-900 [8759853] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Mar;63(3):916-23 [9055410] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 [9254694] J Bacteriol. 1998 Jan;180(1):152-8 [9422605] Arch Mikrobiol. 1969;67(1):1-5 [5394006] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional strategies in the prevention of colorectal cancer. AN - 69490695; 10980971 AB - A variety of dietary factors have been implicated as agents that can modulate the development of malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly colorectal cancer. The effects of fat, red meat, fruits, vegetables, and alcohol on colorectal carcinogenesis have been examined extensively and appear to play substantial roles. Although fiber may play a protective role, recent studies raise the question of whether the protection is conveyed by other components in fiber-laden foods. Folate, selenium, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids have emerged as factors more recently but may be equally important agents in nutritional chemoprevention, whereas the role of antioxidant vitamins is less certain. Until more firm data are available, the dietary recommendations provided by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute are appropriate for use in counseling patients on this issue. JF - Current gastroenterology reports AU - Mason, J B AU - Kim, Y i AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 0211, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 341 EP - 353 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1522-8037, 1522-8037 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Diet, Fat-Restricted KW - Dietary Fiber -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Female KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage KW - Diet -- methods KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- diet therapy KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69490695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+gastroenterology+reports&rft.atitle=Nutritional+strategies+in+the+prevention+of+colorectal+cancer.&rft.au=Mason%2C+J+B%3BKim%2C+Y+i&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+gastroenterology+reports&rft.issn=15228037&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outlet breaching algorithm for the treatment of closed depressions in a raster DEM AN - 52446432; 1999-057888 JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Martz, Lawrence W AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 835 EP - 844 PB - Pergamon, New York-Oxford-Toronto VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - hydrology KW - geographic information systems KW - watersheds KW - information systems KW - applications KW - algorithms KW - digital terrain models KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52446432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=An+outlet+breaching+algorithm+for+the+treatment+of+closed+depressions+in+a+raster+DEM&rft.au=Martz%2C+Lawrence+W%3BGarbrecht%2C+Jurgen&rft.aulast=Martz&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; applications; digital terrain models; geographic information systems; hydrology; information systems; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Runoff following Beef Cattle Manure or Compost Application AN - 18023454; 4678662 AB - Manure or compost from beef cattle feedlots can be an excellent sources of nutrients and organic matter when added to soils, but they can also pollute runoff. We determined the effects of simulated rainfall on runoff losses of P and N, and EC and pH following application of manure and compost to a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil having grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues. Manure, compost, and fertilizer were applied to no-till fields at rates required to meet N or P requirements for corn (Zea mays L.) production and were either left on the soil surface or disked to 8 cm. There were also untreated checks. Runoff concentrations of dissolved P (DP), bioavailable P (BAP), and NH sub(4)-N were significantly greater when the soil was not disked. Total and particulate P concentrations in runoff were generally less under wheat than sorghum residue and were less for the no-till than the disked condition. In the disked system, N or P-based manure or compost application resulted in DP concentration <1 mg L super(-1). Manure and compost application resulted in greater runoff EC values than fertilizer application. Phosphorus concentration of runoff receiving P fertilizer or N-based manure and compost application can be an environmental concern when these sources are applied under no-till conditions without incorporation. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Eghball, B AU - Gilley, JE AD - Dep. of Agronomy and USDA-ARS, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA, beghball1@unl.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1201 EP - 1210 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Cattle feedlots KW - Compost KW - Simulation KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Zea mays KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Feedlots KW - Fertilizers KW - Animal Wastes KW - Composting KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Sorghum KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Animal wastes KW - Water pollution KW - Livestock KW - Cattle KW - USA, Nebraska KW - Wheat KW - Runoff KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18023454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+and+Nitrogen+in+Runoff+following+Beef+Cattle+Manure+or+Compost+Application&rft.au=Eghball%2C+B%3BGilley%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Eghball&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Manure; Agricultural pollution; Phosphorus; Pollution effects; Agricultural runoff; Freshwater pollution; Nitrogen; Compost; Cattle; Animal wastes; Water pollution; Water Pollution Sources; Wheat; Composting; Animal Wastes; Feedlots; Runoff; Sorghum; Livestock; USA, Nebraska; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment production from forest roads in western Oregon AN - 17869376; 5110736 AB - Prevention and estimation of soil erosion from forest roads requires an understanding of how road design and maintenance affect sediment production. Seventy-four plots were installed on forest roads in the Oregon Coast Range to examine the relationship between sediment production and road attributes such as distance between culverts, road slope, soil texture, and cutslope height. An additional comparison was made between road segments with cutslopes and ditches freshly cleared of vegetation and segments with established vegetation on cutslopes and in ditches. All road segments were 5 m wide and insloped with aggregate surfacing, light traffic, and no overhanging forest cover. Sediment production was correlated to the product of segment length times road slope squared. Sediment production from aggregate covered roads on a silty clay loam was about 9 times greater than that from roads constructed on a gravelly loam. Sediment production was not correlated to the cutslope height. Road segments where vegetation was cleared from the cutslope and ditch produced about 7 times as much sediment as road segments where vegetation was retained, showing the potential reduction in erosion by revegetation following construction and the potential impact of ditch cleaning during maintenance. Relationships and estimates from this study provide a basis for improved erosion estimates by commonly used empirical procedures. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Luce, CH AU - Black, T A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 2561 EP - 2570 VL - 35 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, Oregon KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Soil Texture KW - On-site Data Collections KW - Forests KW - Culverting KW - Vegetation KW - Culverts KW - Erosion KW - Roads KW - Sediment Yield KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Roads and streets KW - Slopes KW - Highway Effects KW - Sediment/water system KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17869376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Sediment+production+from+forest+roads+in+western+Oregon&rft.au=Luce%2C+CH%3BBlack%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Luce&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Soil (Characteristics of); Roads and streets; Vegetation; Culverting; Forests; Slopes; Sediment/water system; Roads; Soil Texture; Sediment Yield; On-site Data Collections; Culverts; Highway Effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for the combined effect of temperature, pH, sodium chloride, and sodium pyrophosphate on the heat resistance of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 AN - 17591098; 4661902 AB - The effects and interactions of heating temperature (55 - 62.5C), pH (4 - 8), NaCl (0 - 6%, w/v), and sodium pyrophosphate (0 - 0.3%, w/v) on the heat resistance of a four strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef gravy were examined. Thermal death times were determined using a submerged coil heating apparatus. The recovery medium was plate count agar supplemented with 1% sodium pyruvate. Decimal reduction times (D-values) were calculated by fitting a survival model to the data with a curve fitting program. The D-values were analyzed by second order response surface regression for temperature, pH, NaCl and sodium pyrophosphate levels. The four variables interacted to affect the inactivation of the pathogen. Thermal resistance of E. coli O157:H7 can be lowered by combining these intrinsic factors. A mathematical model describing the combined effect of temperature, pH, NaCl and sodium pyrophosphate levels on the thermal inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 was developed. The model can predict D-values for any combinations of temperature, pH, NaCl and sodium pyrophosphate that are within the range of those tested. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marmer, B S AU - Eblen, B S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 147 EP - 160 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - Escherichia coli KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium pyrophosphate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Temperature KW - Food contamination KW - pH KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+the+combined+effect+of+temperature%2C+pH%2C+sodium+chloride%2C+and+sodium+pyrophosphate+on+the+heat+resistance+of+Escherichia+Coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarmer%2C+B+S%3BEblen%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pH; Temperature; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Composition of Leachate of Dairy Manure Mixed with Fluidized Bed Combustion Residue AN - 17581942; 4678666 AB - This study was initiated to investigate the hypothesis that using Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) residue to stabilize a dairy feedlot surface (DFS) could enhance element attenuation and minimize the environmental impact on water quality. The laboratory leaching experiment included FBC, dairy manure (DM), and DM/FBC treatments. The leaching process consisted of 10 weekly additions of distilled water, each of 460 mL. Using FBC with DM decreased the concentration of most elements (e.g., P, N, K, Ca, Al, Si, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, As, and Se) in the leachate. A decrease ranging from 5.6 to 100% was obtained. The presence of high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is believed to enhance element attenuation by FBC minerals (e.g., Fe-, and Al-oxides). Several mechanisms involved in this process are proposed: (i) formation of insoluble metal-organic complexes; (ii) sorption of soluble organic and inorganic species on mineral surfaces; and (iii) precipitation of soluble inorganic species. These mechanisms are discussed in relation to each of the measured elements. On the other hand, using FBC with DM appeared to increase the concentration of B (235%), S (47.3%), and Mg (36.5%) in the leachate. Reactions of DOM with FBC minerals to form soluble organic complexes were suggested to explain B and S increases. The increase in leached Mg could be attributed to the presence of SO sub(4) super(2-). Our results provide evidence that using FBC to stabilize DFS has the advantage of immobilizing a large portion of most elements present in DM leachate. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Elrashidi, MA AU - Baligar, V C AU - Korcak, R F AU - Persaud, N AU - Ritchey, K D AD - USDA-ARS-ASWCRL, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA, melrashidi@aol.com Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1243 EP - 1251 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Combustion products KW - Fluidized Beds KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Feedlots KW - Fluidized beds KW - Dairy Wastes KW - Animal Wastes KW - Chemical Composition KW - Animal wastes KW - Chemical composition KW - Waste Disposal KW - Water quality control KW - Dairies KW - Leachates KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Chemical+Composition+of+Leachate+of+Dairy+Manure+Mixed+with+Fluidized+Bed+Combustion+Residue&rft.au=Elrashidi%2C+MA%3BBaligar%2C+V+C%3BKorcak%2C+R+F%3BPersaud%2C+N%3BRitchey%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Elrashidi&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leachates; Chemical Composition; Animal Wastes; Waste Disposal; Water Pollution Sources; Manure; Feedlots; Dairy Wastes; Fluidized Beds; Dairies; Chemical composition; Fluidized beds; Combustion products; Water quality control; Animal wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of long-term discharge statistics by regional adjustment AN - 17579949; 4658902 AB - A regional adjustment relationship was developed to estimate long-term (30-year) monthly median discharges from short term (three-year) records. This method differs from traditional approaches in that it is based on site-specific discharge data but does not require correlation of these data with discharges from a single hydrologically similar long-term gage. The method is shown to be statistically robust, and applicable to statistics other than the median. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bakke, P D AU - Thomas, R AU - Parrett, C AD - USDA-Forest Service, 2819 Dahlia Street., Klamath Falls, Oregon 97601, USA, pbakke/r6pnw_winema@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 911 EP - 921 VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regional Analysis KW - Gauges KW - River discharge KW - Streamflow KW - Freshwater KW - Stream flow KW - Flow Measurement (See Also Gauges, Gauging meters) KW - Stream Gages KW - Hydrology KW - Discharge Measurement KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Regional variations KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+long-term+discharge+statistics+by+regional+adjustment&rft.au=Bakke%2C+P+D%3BThomas%2C+R%3BParrett%2C+C&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gauges; River discharge; Hydrology; Regional variations; Stream flow; Flow Measurement (See Also Gauges, Gauging meters); Regional Analysis; Stream Gages; Streamflow; Hydrologic Data; Discharge Measurement; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface energy balance and boundary layer development during snowmelt AN - 17519090; 4707306 AB - Improved prediction of snowmelt requires comprehensive data collection, including surface, subsurface, and atmospheric processes, during the snowmelt period. We report results of field research in which all components of the surface energy balance were measured during two different snowmelt periods, along with boundary layer soundings. The two periods were quite different, the first being overcast and the second occurring under clear skies. However, snowmelt was estimated relatively well from the cumulative residual of the energy balance in both cases. Downward infrared radiation and sensible heat flux were important contributors to the melt during overcast conditions, with net radiation providing about two thirds of the energy for melt and sensible heat providing the remainder. The sunny melt was dominated by direct solar heating of the surface. In both cases, estimation of melt as a residual of the energy balance agreed well with visual and gravimetric observations. The boundary layer soundings revealed the importance of advection, which was generally consistent with synoptic patterns during the period of the study. The data also showed a transition from advection-dominated to turbulence-dominated boundary layer budgets as the snowpack disappeared. The potential for convective cloud formation was also examined. Surface heating and entrainment outweighed adiabatic cooling and evaporation, resulting in the boundary layer top relative humidity decreasing as the snow melted and turbulent mixing increased. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Baker, J M AU - Davis, K J AU - Liknes, G C AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 19 EP - 19,621 VL - 104 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Weather KW - Evaporation KW - Energy KW - Boundary Layers KW - Snowmelt KW - Atmosphere KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Data Collections KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17519090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=Surface+energy+balance+and+boundary+layer+development+during+snowmelt&rft.au=Baker%2C+J+M%3BDavis%2C+K+J%3BLiknes%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy; Snowmelt; Boundary Layers; Data Collections; Hydrologic Data; Remote Sensing; Evaporation; Weather; Atmosphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of Hard-to-Type Bacterial Strains by RNA Mismatch Cleavage AN - 17504565; 4689965 AB - Many bacteria are difficult to subtype due to high genetic relatedness. In the cases of pathogens of medical or veterinary importance, subtyping is an essential tool of epidemiologists. This report describes a method for molecular subtyping based on the detection of point mutations without DNA sequencing or specialized equipment. The method, known as RNA mismatch cleavage, hybridizes RNA transcripts derived from PCR-amplified DNA, with a control RNA transcript followed by RNase cleavage at point-mutation mismatches. The method was successful in distinguishing all six Brucella species tested and was able to distinguish 11 of the 18 biovars studied. Of the remaining seven biovars (all of which are Brucella abortus strains), three subgroups were identified. The method should be applicable to all hard-to-subtype bacterial strains. JF - Biotechniques AU - Bricker, B J AD - National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 321 EP - 326 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0736-6205, 0736-6205 KW - cleavage KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - RNA KW - Point mutation KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Brucella KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17504565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechniques&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+Hard-to-Type+Bacterial+Strains+by+RNA+Mismatch+Cleavage&rft.au=Bricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechniques&rft.issn=07366205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella; RNA; Point mutation; Polymerase chain reaction; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of land leveling precision on level-basin advance and performance AN - 17469430; 4660044 AB - The effect of land leveling precision on irrigation advance, application efficiency, and distribution uniformity in level basins was studied using statistical and computer models. For a typical Egyptian field, efficiency and uniformity decreased substantially when the standard deviations of the soil surface elevations were greater than 20 mm. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Fangmeier, D D AU - Clemmens, A J AU - El-Ansary, M AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Osman, HE AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1019 EP - 1025 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Egypt, Arab Rep. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Standard Deviation KW - Elevation KW - Statistical Models KW - Irrigation KW - Precision KW - Basins KW - Computer Models KW - Soil Surfaces KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Influence+of+land+leveling+precision+on+level-basin+advance+and+performance&rft.au=Fangmeier%2C+D+D%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BEl-Ansary%2C+M%3BStrelkoff%2C+T+S%3BOsman%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Fangmeier&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Precision; Irrigation; Basins; Statistical Models; Computer Models; Standard Deviation; Soil Surfaces; Elevation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating saturated soil hydraulic conductivity using water retention data and neural networks AN - 17464594; 4659258 AB - The modified Kozeny-Carman equation K sub(sat) =B phi sub(e)n is used to relate soil saturated hydraulic conductivity K sub(sat) to effective porosity phi sub(e). However, different values of the coefficient B and the exponent n are found in different data sets. Our objective was to find out whether and how B and n are related to Brooks-Corey's air entry pressure h sub(b) and pore distribution index lambda . The Southern Region soil hydrologic database of about 500 samples was explored. All soils had both silt and clay content < 70%. Neural networks were used to relate B and n to h sub(b) and lambda , and a genetic algorithm was applied to find weights in neural networks. Dependencies of B and n on h sub(b) and lambda had similar shapes. Values of B and n were almost constant for values of lambda greater than 1 and were close to 2.6 x 10 super(-3) m s super(-1) and 2.5, respectively. As the values of lambda decreased from 1 to 0, values of B and n decreased. The larger the air-entry pressure, the steeper was the decrease in B and n. JF - Soil Science AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Timlin, D J AU - Ahuja, L R AD - USDA-ARS, Remote Sensing and Modeling Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepsky@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 552 EP - 560 VL - 164 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Saturated Soils KW - Databases KW - Neural Networks KW - Estimating KW - Porosity KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Algorithms KW - Mathematical Analysis KW - Retention KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+saturated+soil+hydraulic+conductivity+using+water+retention+data+and+neural+networks&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+YA%3BTimlin%2C+D+J%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=YA&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estimating; Saturated Soils; Permeability Coefficient; Retention; Neural Networks; Mathematical Equations; Porosity; Databases; Algorithms; Mathematical Analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical approach to incorporating the influence of land-grading precision on level-basin performance AN - 17461291; 4660043 AB - Monte-Carlo simulation was used to determine the suitability of statistical equations for estimating the influence of soil surface elevations on the low-quarter distribution uniformity, DU sub(lq') of level-basin irrigation systems. It was shown that these equations give reasonable estimates of DU sub(lq') provided that the advance curve is known. The Monte-Carlo simulations also provided an estimate of the variation in DU sub(lq) for different fields with the same standard deviation of elevations. The statistical equations demonstrate that irrigation uniformity is influenced by the ratio of soil surface elevation standard deviation to average depth infiltrated. For conditions that would be typical of laser-leveled basins within the U.S., the influence of elevation variations on DU sub(lq) is small. However, for poorly leveled fields, as frequently occur in Egypt, these elevation variations can significantly reduce DU sub(lq') thus limiting potential efficiencies. In some cases, these simple equations can be used to adjust level-basin designs to account for the variation in surface elevations without the need for extensive simulation studies. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Clemmens, A J AU - El-Haddad, Z AU - Fangmeier, D D AU - Osman, HE-B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1009 EP - 1018 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Egypt, Arab Rep. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Standard Deviation KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Elevation KW - Precision KW - Simulation KW - Basins KW - Lasers KW - Statistical Methods KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Soil Surfaces KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17461291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Statistical+approach+to+incorporating+the+influence+of+land-grading+precision+on+level-basin+performance&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BEl-Haddad%2C+Z%3BFangmeier%2C+D+D%3BOsman%2C+HE-B&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Basins; Statistical Methods; Precision; Monte Carlo Method; Irrigation Systems; Soil Surfaces; Elevation; Mathematical Equations; Simulation; Standard Deviation; Lasers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface-irrigation evaluation models: Application to level basins in Egypt AN - 17460269; 4660045 AB - Models for simulating flow in surface irrigation are helpful in evaluating irrigation performance, both as observed in a given field, and in hypothetical, what-if scenarios. However, the use of surface-irrigation simulation and design software is often hindered by the lack of appropriate field values for the infiltration and roughness parameters required as input. Moreover, in various places around the globe, for example, Egypt, as a consequence of local soils and cropping and cultural practices, the field conditions encountered can be quite different from those common in the U.S. Interactive field-parameter-evaluation software, EVALUE, was developed as an aid for estimating these parameters from extensive field measurements. In the interactive process, the engineer-user is provided with information to assist in making his/her choices, but retains full control over the selection of parameter values in the empirical formulas used to describe infiltration and roughness. Parameter estimates made in Egypt were validated by entry into the general surface-irrigation simulation program, SRFR, and subsequent comparison of the predicted and measured results. The procedure verifies both the parameter-estimation techniques and the simulation program. The techniques and models described are presented in terms of Egyptian data, but are sufficiently general to be applicable anywhere. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Clemmens, A J AU - El-Ansary, M AU - Awad, M AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, fstrelkoff@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1027 EP - 1037 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - EVALUE KW - SRFR KW - Egypt KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Computer Programs KW - Comparison Studies KW - Surface Irrigation KW - Estimating KW - Infiltration KW - Basins KW - Simulation KW - Field Tests KW - Model Studies KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17460269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Surface-irrigation+evaluation+models%3A+Application+to+level+basins+in+Egypt&rft.au=Strelkoff%2C+T+S%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BEl-Ansary%2C+M%3BAwad%2C+M&rft.aulast=Strelkoff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surface Irrigation; Computer Programs; Simulation; Infiltration; Estimating; Performance Evaluation; Prediction; Comparison Studies; Field Tests; Model Studies; Basins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basal crop coefficients and water use for early maturity cotton AN - 17459757; 4660034 AB - Field studies were conducted in central Arizona to develop basal crop coefficients (K sub(cb)) for an early-maturing, upland cotton. Cotton evapotranspiration (ET sub(c)) rates were determined from soil water depletion measurements made during the season in both small and large level basins in 1993 and 1994. Values for K sub(cb) were developed from the ET sub(c) data and an estimated grass-reference evapotranspiration (ET sub(o)), based on weather data. The "basal crop coefficient" procedure presented in the recently published Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 was used to estimate the soil water evaporation coefficient (K sub(e)) following periods of irrigation and rain and, thus, quantify the amount of soil evaporation. A separate analysis was conducted to evaluate the water stress coefficient (K sub(s)) for conditions of low soil water. The developed K sub(cb) data were used to derive two K sub(cb) polynomial curves as functions of days past planting (DPP) and cumulative growing degree days (CGDD). A third curve was derived from the data using the FAO "straight-line" method. When used in irrigation management procedures, any of the three K sub(cb) curves presented should result in good estimates of daily ET sub(c) for an early-maturity cotton, grown under climatic conditions similar to those for these studies. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hunsaker, D J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, dhunsaker@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 927 EP - 936 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - crop coefficients KW - USA, Arizona KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Crop Production KW - Cotton KW - Estimating KW - Irrigation KW - Mathematical Analysis KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Soil Water KW - Field Tests KW - Water Stress KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17459757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Basal+crop+coefficients+and+water+use+for+early+maturity+cotton&rft.au=Hunsaker%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hunsaker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotton; Crop Production; Field Tests; Evapotranspiration; Soil Water; Irrigation; Estimating; Water Stress; Mathematical Analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the potential for modern surface irrigation in Egypt AN - 17459724; 4660042 AB - Over the past decade, there has been a gradual shift in Egypt towards development of farm mechanization systems. Efficient use of equipment requires tilling basins and furrows in long strips. However, for irrigation, these strips are typically broken up into small basins; this requires considerable labor and results in nonuniform and inefficient irrigation. Irrigation of long strips on very flat, nearly level fields is difficult with the current degree of land-grading precision. Use of laser-controlled land-grading equipment is increasing in Egypt, but this has not led to irrigation of long strips. A project was undertaken to examine the potential performance of modern level basins in Egypt. Field studies were conducted to verify that these modern surface irrigation methods would be viable. These field studies were also used to determine infiltration and roughness conditions which might be typical of soils in the Nile Delta. Simulation studies were also performed to determine the influence of land-grading precision on level-basin performance. This article summarizes the studies that have been performed and provides an introduction to the application of this technology to improving surface-irrigation performance. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Clemmens, A J AU - El-Haddad, Z AU - Strelkoff, T S AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 995 EP - 1008 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Egypt, Arab Rep., Nile Delta KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Surface Irrigation KW - Precision KW - Infiltration KW - Simulation KW - Basins KW - Lasers KW - Deltas KW - Field Tests KW - Technology KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17459724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+potential+for+modern+surface+irrigation+in+Egypt&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BEl-Haddad%2C+Z%3BStrelkoff%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surface Irrigation; Basins; Precision; Lasers; Field Tests; Infiltration; Deltas; Simulation; Technology; Performance Evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Green-Ampt and curve number methods on Goodwin Creek Watershed using SWAT AN - 17459616; 4660033 AB - Two methods of simulating excess rainfall were compared on a large basin with multiple rain gages. The SCS daily curve number method (CN) was compared with the Green-Ampt Mein-Larson (GAML) method on the Goodwin Creek Watershed (GCW). GCW is 21.3 km super(2) in area and has 32 rain gages located within and surrounding the watershed. The model used was the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT is a comprehensive watershed scale model developed to simulate management impacts on water, sediment, and chemical yields for ungaged basins. SWAT was modified to accept breakpoint rainfall data and route streamflow on a sub-daily time-step. Eight years of measured climatic data were used in the study. Simulated and measured streamflow at the watershed outlet were evaluated. Results were not calibrated. Monthly model efficiencies were 0.84 for CN and 0.69 for GAML. The use of a sub-daily routing technique allowed for very good correlation between measured and simulated hydrographs. Generally, CN undersimulated surface runoff while GAML had no pattern associated with events. Results suggest that no significant advantage was gained by using breakpoint rainfall and sub-daily time-steps when simulating the large basin used in this study. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - King, K W AU - Arnold, J G AU - Bingner, R L AD - USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, king@brcsun0.tamu.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 919 EP - 925 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - SWAT KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Climatic Data KW - Comparison Studies KW - Rain Gages KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Basins KW - Watershed Management KW - Excess Rainfall KW - Watersheds KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Model Studies KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17459616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Green-Ampt+and+curve+number+methods+on+Goodwin+Creek+Watershed+using+SWAT&rft.au=King%2C+K+W%3BArnold%2C+J+G%3BBingner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Comparison Studies; Excess Rainfall; Simulated Rainfall; Watersheds; Model Studies; Rain Gages; Correlation Analysis; Basins; Climatic Data; Watershed Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling mixing zone concept with convection-diffusion equation to predict chemical transfer to surface runoff AN - 17456326; 4660041 AB - Modeling chemical transfer from soil solution to surface runoff is essential for developing a surface water quality model that can be used to assess pollution potentials of agricultural chemicals. Chemical transfer to runoff can be modeled as a two-rate process. A fast rate subprocess, which prevails at early stages of rainfall, causes an exponential depletion of chemicals from the mixing zone. A slow rate subprocess, which becomes significant under poor drainage conditions, transports chemicals into the mixing zone from the soil below. The two-rate process can be described by coupling the mixing zone concept with the convection-diffusion equation (CDE). We evaluated this coupling approach by comparing predicted results with measured bromide concentration data. A finite element scheme was developed to solve the CDE in conjunction with a near-surface boundary condition derived from a complete and uniform mixing theory. Overall results showed that without a calibration the coupling approach satisfactorily predicted bromide concentrations in both surface runoff and soil solution under the zero infiltration conditions. The proposed model adequately reproduced measured data for restricted infiltration conditions by introducing a mechanical dispersion coefficient (D sub(h)). The fitted D sub(h) is within the range reported in the literature for the repacked soil conditions. The coupling approach, while allowing for direct use of the mixing theory under free infiltration conditions, refines the theory for use under poorly drained conditions. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, L D AU - Lei, T AU - Nearing, MA AD - USDA-ARS-NSERL, 1196 Soil Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, zhangxun@ecn.purdue.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 987 EP - 994 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Surface Runoff KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Drainage KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Soil Solution KW - Mixing KW - Model Studies KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Calibrations KW - Bromides KW - Finite Element Method KW - Infiltration KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Coupling+mixing+zone+concept+with+convection-diffusion+equation+to+predict+chemical+transfer+to+surface+runoff&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BLei%2C+T%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mixing; Mathematical Equations; Surface Runoff; Finite Element Method; Boundary Conditions; Calibrations; Soil Solution; Bromides; Drainage; Infiltration; Agricultural Chemicals; Fate of Pollutants; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of macroporosity and hydrology for soil management and sustainability of agricultural production in a humid-tropical environment AN - 17453038; 4659260 AB - This paper analyzes soil-related agronomic constraints in the Sitiung region of Indonesia that are directly related to low nutrient-holding capacity, macroporosity, and rainfall regime. This region receives 2500 to 3000 mm of rainfall per year, but nearly 50% of the rainfall is disposed of rapidly via internal drainage. Although rapid internal drainage reduces the risks of erosion, it leads to infertility, acidity, and Al toxicity. The physical structure of the soils is characterized by stable aggregates, with numerous macropores in the surface and a predominantly microporous subsoil matrix interspersed with a few larger macropores. Macropores account for about 29% of porosity in the surface and between 3 and 6% in the subsoil. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the matrix containing macropores averages about 300 to 400 cm/day, whereas that of the microporous matrix is generally <1 cm/day. The structure facilitates rapid infiltration and leaching of rainfall. However, little opportunity exists for nutrients moving downward with drainage water to accumulate in the subsoil. The main reason for this seems to be the low hydraulic conductivity and the preponderance of excessive wetness in the subsoil. Drying seems to be essential for movement of nutrients into the subsoil matrix. However, most of the agronomic crops are sensitive to Al toxicity and fail to grow roots deeper than 10 to 15 cm. Thus, they suffer from water stress, despite heavy and frequent rainfall, and fail to cause drying of the subsoil. Problems of acidity, Al toxicity, and infertility worsen progressively where agricultural production consists mainly of Al-sensitive crops. Although liming with calcium carbonate improves the soil chemical environment, downward movement of lime is very slow. Deep liming is effective in improving rooting depth, crop water availability, and drying of the subsoil, but the technology is cost- and labor-intensive. Native vegetation, on the other hand, is able to grow roots to considerable depths and causes significant drying of the subsoil, even without soil amendments. Thus, production systems in which locally adapted vegetation of economic value is the main focus seem to be more sustainable and conducive to improving soil conditions. JF - Soil Science AU - Arya, L M AU - Dierolf, T S AU - Sofyan, A AU - Widjaja-Adhi, IPG AU - van Genuchten, MT AD - U. S. Salinity Laboratory/Physics, USDA/ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, larya@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 586 EP - 601 VL - 164 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Indonesia, Sitiung KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Leaching KW - Drainage KW - Rainfall KW - Porosity KW - Tropical Regions KW - Nutrients KW - Soil Management KW - Toxicity KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Acidic Soils KW - Aluminum KW - Humid Areas KW - Infiltration KW - Hydrology KW - Macropores KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Significance+of+macroporosity+and+hydrology+for+soil+management+and+sustainability+of+agricultural+production+in+a+humid-tropical+environment&rft.au=Arya%2C+L+M%3BDierolf%2C+T+S%3BSofyan%2C+A%3BWidjaja-Adhi%2C+IPG%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Arya&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Humid Areas; Tropical Regions; Porosity; Hydrology; Soil Management; Agriculture; Rainfall; Drainage; Macropores; Permeability Coefficient; Infiltration; Leaching; Nutrients; Acidic Soils; Aluminum; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and erosion from interrill areas as affected by the application of manure AN - 17453025; 4660039 AB - This study was conducted to measure runoff and erosion from interrill areas as affected by the long-term application of manure and fertilizer to a Tripp sandy loam soil located near Mitchell, Nebraska. Soil which had been removed from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile was placed in a 1 m super(2) soil pan. Rainfall was then applied to the soil pan during initial and wet simulation events. Total runoff was similar on the manure and no-manure treatments. The long-term application of manure (55 years) at a rate of 27 Mg ha super(-1) (wet basis) per year did not significantly influence interrill erosion on this sandy loam soil. Interrill erosion was also unaffected by the addition of manure immediately before the rainfall simulation tests to soils on which manure had been applied in previous years. No significant differences in runoff and erosion were found among plots receiving varying amounts of fertilizer. Selected soil properties and erodibility factors were generally unaffected by the varying manure and fertilizer treatments. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Gilley, JE AU - Eghball, B AU - Blumenthal, J M AU - Baltensperger, D D AD - USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, L. W. Chase Hall, Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, jgilley1@unl.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 975 EP - 980 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Nebraska, Mitchell KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Rill Erosion KW - Rainfall KW - Simulation KW - Soil Properties KW - Loam KW - Application Rates KW - Runoff KW - Soil Profile KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+erosion+from+interrill+areas+as+affected+by+the+application+of+manure&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BEghball%2C+B%3BBlumenthal%2C+J+M%3BBaltensperger%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Runoff; Rill Erosion; Manure; Soil Profile; Simulation; Application Rates; Fertilizers; Soil Properties; Rainfall; Loam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of no-tillage crop production with subsurface drip irrigation on soils with compacted layers AN - 17453001; 4660032 AB - Subsurface drip irrigation offers many advantages for management of water and nutrients, but its effectiveness may be limited by weather or soil conditions. Solving soil problems, such as compaction, in subsurface drip irrigation systems is understandably difficult using deep tillage. We hypothesized that the need for deep tillage in conservation tillage systems may be reduced if the compacted soil layers are kept moist enough for root growth. A two-year experiment that included wheat, soybean, and cotton under no-tillage culture was conducted with subsurface drip irrigation. The irrigation system had been used for five years before this experiment and provided two irrigation drip line spacings (1 m and 2 m) and three irrigation amounts (6, 9, and 12 mm/application). Irrigated soybean yields were greater than rainfed in one of the two years. No differences in yield occurred among irrigation drip line spacing or irrigation amounts. Also, neither cotton nor wheat yields were increased by irrigation. Observations during the growing seasons, cotton root observations after harvest, and soil strength measurements during the spring indicate that considerable soil compaction occurred at very shallow soil depths (< 5 cm) and restricted root growth. This compaction probably limited the efficacy of subsurface drip irrigation, which was located at the 30-cm depth. Based on these results, it appears that strategies must be developed to reduce soil strength to obtain optimum no-tillage crop production with subsurface drip irrigation on these soils. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Bauer, P J AU - Busscher, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, camp@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 911 EP - 917 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Subsurface Irrigation KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental Data KW - Crop Production KW - Plant Growth KW - Soil Compaction KW - Tillage KW - Roots KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Optimization KW - Soil Strength KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+no-tillage+crop+production+with+subsurface+drip+irrigation+on+soils+with+compacted+layers&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BBauer%2C+P+J%3BBusscher%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tillage; Crop Production; Evaluation; Soil Strength; Subsurface Irrigation; Drip Irrigation; Experimental Data; Optimization; Soil Compaction; Roots; Plant Growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The vertical distribution of a dye tracer in a layered soil AN - 17452898; 4659259 AB - Solute transport under field conditions is often inconclusive and difficult to measure because of the poor spatial resolution of sampling devices. Dye tracers can complement concentration measurements by characterizing the spatial structure of solute flow through soils. This study assessed the influence of antecedent water content, tillage, and residue cover on the pattern of soil water flow in the field as exhibited by a dye tracer. A random walk method for estimating the vertical distribution of the stained soil fraction was used to evaluate the degree to which the advective dispersive equation corresponded to field plot transport. The dye-tracer study was conducted on 12 0.9-m-diameter plots within a 2-ha field in southern Costa Rica. A 4-cm depth of Brilliant Blue FCF solution at 5 g L super(-1) was applied to plots at a rate of 6.81 cm h super(-1) using a spray nozzle. Plots were later excavated to record the vertical distribution of stained soil. The dye patterns demonstrated that significant bypassing can occur within the surface horizon under rainfall intensities below the steady state infiltration rate. Compared with pre-wetted soil, plots with an initially low antecedent water content exhibited significantly greater spreading of dye within the soil profiles. The random walk simulations indicated that the advective-dispersive equation could not describe dye staining patterns unless the dispersion coefficients estimated from column experiments were increased by one order of magnitude. Tillage did not significantly influence the mean penetration and spreading of dye within the entire soil profile, compared with other undisturbed, pre-wetted subplots, but it increased the interaction of the soil with the dye near the surface as indicated by a significantly greater fraction of stained soil in the Ap horizon. JF - Soil Science AU - Schwartz, R C AU - McInnes, K J AU - Juo, ASR AU - Cervantes, CE AD - Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, Tx 79012-0010, USA, rschwart@ag.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 561 EP - 573 VL - 164 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Costa Rica KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Vertical Distribution KW - Simulation KW - Infiltration Rate KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Horizons KW - Tracers KW - Dyes KW - Solute Transport KW - Tillage KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Soil Profile KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17452898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=The+vertical+distribution+of+a+dye+tracer+in+a+layered+soil&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+R+C%3BMcInnes%2C+K+J%3BJuo%2C+ASR%3BCervantes%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vertical Distribution; Dyes; Tracers; Soil Horizons; Infiltration Rate; Solute Transport; Simulation; Soil Water; Mathematical Equations; Soil Profile; Rainfall Intensity; Tillage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of the water budget and nutrient loading in a small peatland AN - 17442532; 4658890 AB - Few water budgets exist for specific types of wetlands such as peatlands, even though such information provides the basis from which to investigate linkages between wetlands and upland ecosystems. In this study, we first determined the water budget and then estimated nutrient loading from an upland farm field into a 1.5 ha, kettle-block peatland. The wetland contains highly anisotropic peat and has no distinct, active layer of groundwater flow. We estimated the depth of the active layer using Fick's law of diffusion and quantified groundwater flow using a chemical mass balance model. Evapotranspiration was determined using MORECS, a semi-physical model based on the Penman-Monteith approach. Precipitation and surface outflow were measured using physical means. Groundwater provided the major inflow, 84 percent (44,418 m super(3)) in 1993 and 88 percent (68,311 m super(3)) in 1994. Surface outflow represented 54 percent (28,763 m super(3)) of total outflows in 1993 and 48 percent (37,078 m super(3)) in 1994. A comparison of several published water budgets for wetlands and lakes showed that error estimates for hydrologic components in this study are well within the range of error estimates calculated in other studies. Groundwater inflow estimates and nutrient concentrations of three springs were used to estimate agricultural nutrient loading to the site. During the study period, nutrient loading into the peatland via groundwater discharge averaged 24.74 kg K ha super(-1), 1.83 kg total inorganic P ha super(-1), and 21.81 kg NO sub(3)-N ha super(-1). JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Drexler, J Z AU - Bedford, B L AU - DeGaetano, A T AU - Siegel, DI AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA, jd@ezol.com Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 753 EP - 769 VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Peat Bogs KW - Agriculture KW - Water budget KW - Eutrophication KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Nutrients KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Freshwater KW - Peat KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Groundwater KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17442532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+the+water+budget+and+nutrient+loading+in+a+small+peatland&rft.au=Drexler%2C+J+Z%3BBedford%2C+B+L%3BDeGaetano%2C+A+T%3BSiegel%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Drexler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Water budget; Evapotranspiration; Wetlands; Nutrients (mineral); Peat; Agriculture; Peat Bogs; Hydrologic Budget; Hydrology; Nutrients; Groundwater; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria, seed clam waste characterization study: precursor to a recirculating culture system design AN - 17434734; 4651528 AB - The high demand and priece of the northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria, enable this species to be an excellent commercial aquaculture candidate for coastal Georgia. The most economical method to grow clams is in the natural environment at controlled densities. Commercial nurseries grow small seed from the hatchery (1-2 mm) to a size suitable for planting in the field (8-10 mm). The pivotal role of the nursery phase to the success of bivalve mariculture has prompted research into improving nursery culture systems. Utilizing recirculation technology can contribute to the development and success of land-based nursery systems that offer higher survival and faster growth than field-based systems. This paper presents baseline excretion data that can be useful in the design of a recirculating system for culturing bivalve Mercenaria seed clams in a land-based system. The total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate based on a 24-h isolation period ranged from 20.0 to 89.4 mu g NH sub(4)-N g clam super(-1) day super(-1) for Mercenaria seed clams with a shell length ranging from 3.0 to 12.6 mm. The low ammonia production rate combined with the high ammonia tolerance limits of bivalves minimizes the need for a biofilter unit. The BOD sub(5) loading rate was highly variable and ranged from 0.05 to 0.32 mg l super(-1)-O sub(2) g clam super(-1) day super(-1). For the seed clams that were less than 8 mm in shell length, the effluent total suspended solids concentration was three times greater than the larger size clams (10-12 mm shell length). Results indicated the importance of a solids removal mechanism to decrease the BOD sub(5) loading rate and reduce potential psuedofaeces production. JF - Aquacultural Engineering AU - Pfeiffer, T J AU - Lawson, T B AU - Rusch, KA AD - Aquaculture Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, P.O. Box 4912-1200 N. University, Pine Bluff, AR 71611,USA, pfeiffer-t@vx4500.uapb.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 149 EP - 161 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0144-8609, 0144-8609 KW - USA, Georgia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Circulation KW - Mollusks KW - Feces KW - Biochemical Oxygen Demand KW - Aquaculture KW - Clams KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquacultural+Engineering&rft.atitle=Northern+quahog%2C+Mercenaria+mercenaria%2C+seed+clam+waste+characterization+study%3A+precursor+to+a+recirculating+culture+system+design&rft.au=Pfeiffer%2C+T+J%3BLawson%2C+T+B%3BRusch%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquacultural+Engineering&rft.issn=01448609&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0144-8609%2899%2900012-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquaculture; Water Circulation; Biochemical Oxygen Demand; Feces; Mollusks; Clams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(99)00012-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diet of fishers (Martes pennanti) at the southernmost extent of their range AN - 17418443; 4639474 AB - Fishers (Martes pennanti) in the mountains of California's Sierra Nevada occur at the southwestern margin of their distribution and inhabit different forest types with different potential prey than elsewhere in their range. Two typical fisher prey, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and the porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), are absent from our Sierra Nevada study area. We characterized the diet of fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada by analyzing the content of 201 feces (44 males: 157 females) collected either from trapped animals or from the rest sites of radio-collared animals. Mammals were the most frequent food item; however, unlike previous reports, reptiles (20.4% of feces) and insects (55.7%) were major components of the diet. We also sampled 24 feces for the presence of spores of hypogeous fungi (false truffles) and found that 91.7% had spores representing at least six fungal species. Diversity of the diet was indicated by the fact that remains of no single family of animal or plant group were found in >22% of feces. The fisher is reputed to be a habitat specialist in the late-seral mixed conifer-deciduous forests of the western United States. Perhaps it is for this reason that our data depict the species as a dietary generalist, for whom it may be necessary to forage on many of the animal, plant, and fungal species that occur in and near mature coniferous habitat. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Duncan, N P AU - Farmer, E C AU - Truex, R L AU - Clevenger AU - Barrett, R H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 961 EP - 971 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Fisher KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Martes pennanti KW - Food consumption KW - Food selection KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17418443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Diet+of+fishers+%28Martes+pennanti%29+at+the+southernmost+extent+of+their+range&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+W+J%3BDuncan%2C+N+P%3BFarmer%2C+E+C%3BTruex%2C+R+L%3BClevenger%3BBarrett%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Martes pennanti; Food selection; Food consumption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic responses to climate in Pinus contorta: Niche breadth, climate change, and reforestation AN - 17417599; 4641597 AB - Fundamental plant-environment relationships were revealed by analyses of 20-yr height and survival of 118 populations representing two subspecies of Pinus contorta growing in common gardens at 60 environmentally disparate test sites in British Columbia. The approach involved (1) preparing models that described the general climate of British Columbia, (2) developing population-specific response functions driven by predicted climate variables, (3) developing general transfer functions that predict performance from the climatic distances over which populations were transferred, and (4) interpreting the results in terms of niche breadth, effects of climate change on adaptedness of populations, and reforestation in a changing environment. Polynomial regression models used physiographic descriptors to predict seven climate variables from normalized records of 513 weather stations. Values of R super(2) ranged over 0.80-0.97 for thermal variables and 0.54-0.61 for precipitation variables. Validations with independent data from 45 stations were strong and suggested that the models were generally free of bias within the limits of the original data. Response functions describing the height or survival of each population were developed from quadratic regressions using predicted climate variables for each test site. Mean annual temperature and mean temperature in the coldest month were the most effective variables for predicting population height, while the ratio of summer temperature to summer moisture was the best predictor of survival. Validation of the response functions with independent data from two additional test sites produced values of R super(2) between actual and predicted values that were as high as 0.93 for height and 0.73 for survival. The results demonstrated that natural populations have different climatic optima but tend to occupy suboptimal environments. Nevertheless, the general transfer functions showed that optimal growth and survival of the species as a whole is associated with the null transfer distance. These seemingly anomalous results suggest that the same processes thought to determine the distribution of species control the distribution of genotypes within species: (1) environmental selection to produce a broad fundamental niche, and (2) density-dependent selection to produce a relatively narrow realized niche within which most populations are relegated to suboptimal environments. Consequently, the steep geographic clines typical of P. contorta seem to be driven more by density-dependent selection than by environmental selection. Asymmetric gene flow from the center of distribution toward the periphery is viewed as a primary regulator that provides the fuel for both environmental and density-dependent selection and thereby indirectly perpetuates suboptimality. The response functions predict that small changes in climate will greatly affect growth and survival of forest tree populations and, therefore, that maintaining contemporary forest productivities during global warming will require a wholesale redistribution of genotypes across the landscape. The response functions also provide the climatic bases to current reforestation guidelines and quantify the adjustments necessary for maintaining adaptedness in planted trees during periods of small ( similar to 1 degree C) temporal temperature shifts. JF - Ecological Monographs AU - Rehfeldt, GE AU - Ying, C C AU - Spittlehouse, D L AU - Hamilton, DA Jr AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843, USA, rehfeldt@forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 375 EP - 407 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0012-9615, 0012-9615 KW - Lodgepole pine KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - Pinus contorta KW - reforestation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Niche breadth KW - Climatic changes KW - Reforestation KW - Models KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17417599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Monographs&rft.atitle=Genetic+responses+to+climate+in+Pinus+contorta%3A+Niche+breadth%2C+climate+change%2C+and+reforestation&rft.au=Rehfeldt%2C+GE%3BYing%2C+C+C%3BSpittlehouse%2C+D+L%3BHamilton%2C+DA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rehfeldt&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Monographs&rft.issn=00129615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus contorta; Climatic changes; Reforestation; Niche breadth; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variation in population dynamics of Sitka mice in floodplain forests AN - 17416354; 4639463 AB - Population dynamics and demography of the Sitka mouse, Peromyscus keeni sitkensis, were studied by mark-recapture live-trapping over a 4-year period in four floodplain and upland forest habitats: old-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) floodplain; red alder (Alnus rubra) floodplain; beaver-pond floodplain; and nearby old-growth Sitka spruce-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) upland forest. We did not find the expected source-sink population dynamics resulting from flood disturbance or between-habitat variation in food resources. We found significant between-year differences (P < 0.05) in population densities, age and sex ratios, survival rates, growth rates, and movements. Within-year differences in all demographic variables were consistently greater between replicate trapping grids within habitat types than between habitat types, and there was no year-to-year consistency in any demographic difference between replicates or habitat types. We conclude that floodplain forests, per se, do not provide unique habitat for Sitka mice in either a strongly positive or negative sense compared with upland old-growth forests. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Hanley, T A AU - Barnard, J C AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane 2-A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 866 EP - 879 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - USA, Alaska KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Peromyscus keeni sitkensis KW - Forests KW - Population dynamics KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Spatial+variation+in+population+dynamics+of+Sitka+mice+in+floodplain+forests&rft.au=Hanley%2C+T+A%3BBarnard%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peromyscus keeni sitkensis; Population dynamics; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual segregation in white-tailed deer: Density-dependent changes in use of space, habitat selection, and dietary niche AN - 17413145; 4639479 AB - Sexual segregation, defined as the exclusive use of different areas by males and females at specified spatial and temporal scales, is common among polygynous ruminants and in cervids in particular. Underlying mechanisms for such segregation are not understood fully, and reports have included female cervids segregating into habitats of both poorer and better quality than those used by males. Furthermore, two competing hypotheses of sexual segregation (body-size hypothesis, reproductive-strategy hypothesis) predict different responses to changes in population density; an increase in degree of sexual segregation with increasing density in the former and a decrease in segregation in the latter. We examined patterns of sexual segregation among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Welder Wildlife Refuge in south Texas at moderate (39 deer/km super(2)) and high (77 deer/km super(2)) population densities during 1974-1977. At moderate density, females with young made greater use of chaparral-mixed grass habitat with dense cover than did males, where preferred herbaceous forage was less abundant, presumably for reasons of predator avoidance. At high density, which was a result of predator control, sexual segregation among male and females decreased during all seasons (P < 0.05). Males that otherwise used more open habitats increased their use of the chaparral-mixed grass as levels of intraspecific competition increased. As spatial segregation between males and females decreased at the high population density, diets of both sexes shifted toward more graminoids and browse, and shifts were more pronounced among males. The result was decreased dietary overlap between sexes when measured by principal-component analysis. Measures of fat reserves suggested that although both females and males were in poorer condition at high density, females were affected to a greater extent than were males. This outcome suggested that females were not driving patterns of spatial segregation by being better able to compete with males for closely-cropped forages. Rather, predator avoidance by females with young related to the reproductive-strategy hypothesis best explained patterns we observed, and competition between sexes was rejected as a cause of sexual segregation. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Kie, J G AU - Bowyer, R T AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1004 EP - 1020 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - sexual segregation KW - White-tailed deer KW - USA, Texas KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Spatial distribution KW - Density dependence KW - Sex differences KW - Habitat selection KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17413145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Sexual+segregation+in+white-tailed+deer%3A+Density-dependent+changes+in+use+of+space%2C+habitat+selection%2C+and+dietary+niche&rft.au=Kie%2C+J+G%3BBowyer%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Kie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; Habitat selection; Diets; Spatial distribution; Sex differences; Density dependence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved granular formulation for a mycoherbicidal strain of Fusarium oxysporum AN - 17408764; 4630983 AB - Modifications were investigated to improve shelf-life or long-term survival upon storage of an extruded Oryza sativa L. (rice) flour: gluten: clay: oil formulation (C7) of a mycoherbicide, Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend: Fr. f. sp. erythroxyli strain EN4, that causes vascular wilt in Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca). Fermentor-produced biomass, which contained abundant desiccation-resistant chlamydospores, was incorporated into various adaptations of C7 and stored at room temperature (22 to 25 C) under moderately high (50 to 60%) and low (0 to 5%) relative humidities (RHs). The effect of RH on shelf-life was not significant up to 4 mo of storage, while the presence of oil, added to improve its extrusion, reduced viability significantly. Addition of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) embryo flour or complete elimination of oil from the formulation improved shelf-life from 3 mo to > 12 mo. Shelf-life was further improved by removing the binding agent gluten in the formulation and replacing it with autoclaved O. sativa flour. Ability of the formulations to produce secondary propagules, tested on 1% water agar, indicated that, while adding oil had no effect, G. hirsutum embryo flour increased desiccation-resistant chlamydospore counts but lowered macroconidial counts. Autoclaved rice flour (MR) significantly improved both macroconidial and microconidial counts without affecting chlamydospore counts. None of the formulations affected the total viable propagule counts. When compared with the original formulation (C7), the modification (MRRP7), with MR, G. hirsutum embryo flour, and without oil, was found to have improved shelf-life at higher temperature and RHs and enhanced potential for secondary chlamydospore formation. These characteristics are important for survival of the formulated F. oxysporum under less expensive storage conditions and, once applied, for survival in the soil. JF - Weed Science AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Bailey, BA AU - Poch, S M AU - Lewis, JA AU - Lumsden, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, BARC-W, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, phebbar@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 473 EP - 478 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - mycoherbicides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Storage KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Herbicides KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17408764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=An+improved+granular+formulation+for+a+mycoherbicidal+strain+of+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BBailey%2C+BA%3BPoch%2C+S+M%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BLumsden%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Herbicides; Storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of culture conditions on production and freeze-drying tolerance of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus blastospores AN - 17396302; 4620724 AB - With the goal of developing a defined medium for the production of desiccation-tolerant blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, we evaluated the impact of various media components such as amino acids, carbohydrates, trace metals and vitamins on hyphal growth and sporulation of P. fumosoroseus cultures and on the freeze-drying tolerance of blastospores produced under these conditions. A comparison of 13 amino acids as sole nitrogen sources showed that glutamate, aspartate, glycine and arginine supported biomass accumulations (12-16 mg ml super(-1)) and blastospore yields (6-11 x 10 super(8) blastospores ml super(-1)) comparable to our standard production medium which contains casamino acids as the nitrogen source. Using glutamate as the sole nitrogen source, tests with various carbohydrates showed that P. fumosoroseus grew best on glucose (18.8 mg biomass ml super(-1)) but produced similar blastospore concentrations (7.3-11.0 x 10 super(8)) when grown with glucose, glycerol, fructose or sucrose. P. fumosoroseus cultures grown in media with sodium citrate or galactose as the sole carbohydrate produced lower blastospore concentrations but more-desiccation-tolerant spores. Zinc was the only trace metal tested that was required for optimal growth and sporulation. In a defined medium with glutamate as the nitrogen source, vitamins were unnecessary for P. fumosoroseus growth or sporulation. When blastospores were freezedried in the absence of a suspension medium, residual glucose (>2.5% w/v) was required for enhanced spore survival. Thus, a defined medium containing basal salts, glucose, glutamate and zinc can be used to produce optimal concentrations of desiccation-tolerant blastospores of P. fumosoroseus. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Cliquet, S AU - Jackson, MA AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 97 EP - 102 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Cell culture KW - Freeze-drying KW - Cryopreservation KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Spores KW - Media (culture) KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - W2 32225:Cryoprerservation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17396302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+culture+conditions+on+production+and+freeze-drying+tolerance+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+blastospores&rft.au=Cliquet%2C+S%3BJackson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cliquet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Freeze-drying; Spores; Cell culture; Cryopreservation; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mantle displays of freshwater mussels elicit attacks from fish AN - 17394619; 4605346 AB - 1. Gravid females of some North American freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae) display highly modified mantle margins and other reproductive structures which mimic small fish, terrestrial insects, or aquatic macro-invertebrates. We report the responses of fish to these lures, based on the results of laboratory encounters between the following pairs of displaying mussels and fishes: Lampsilis cardium and Micropterus coosae; L. perovalis and M. coosae; and Villosa nebulosa and Percina nigrofasciata. In all three encounters, the lures elicited attacks from fish. 2. Encounters between Lampsilis spp. and M. coosae resulted in gill infestations of the fish by larval mussels, which are obligate parasites on fish. An encounter between V. nebulosa and P. nigrofasciata did not result in infestation. 3. The use of these lures to attract fish may greatly increase the chances of parasite/host encounters and may also reduce the chances of infestation of unsuitable hosts. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Haag, W R AU - Warren, ML Jr AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front Street, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, whaag/srs_oxford@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Plain pocketbook KW - Orange-nacre mucket KW - Alabama rainbow KW - Redeye bass KW - Blackbanded darter KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Display behavior KW - Lampsilis perovalis KW - Villosa nebulosa KW - Micropterus coosae KW - Percina nigrofasciata KW - Lampsilis cardium KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Mantle KW - D 04658:Molluscs KW - Y 25505:Fish KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17394619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Mantle+displays+of+freshwater+mussels+elicit+attacks+from+fish&rft.au=Haag%2C+W+R%3BWarren%2C+ML+Jr&rft.aulast=Haag&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lampsilis cardium; Lampsilis perovalis; Villosa nebulosa; Micropterus coosae; Percina nigrofasciata; Display behavior; Mantle; Host-parasite interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of mild to severe flow alterations on invertebrates in three mountain streams AN - 17392642; 4606004 AB - Invertebrates were compared upstream versus downstream from diversions on three small, headwater streams in the central Rocky Mountains, USA. Flow alteration of these streams varied from mild (some aspect of all natural flow components was transferred downstream) to severe (nearly 100% of the flow was diverted for 10-11 months of the year). The analysis was separated into periods of frequent (diversion gates often opened and closed; April-October) and infrequent flow fluctuations (stable low flows due to constant diversion; November-March). Invertebrates appeared resilient to mild flow alterations as neither the abundance, diversity, nor spatial and temporal variation in abundance and diversity differed upstream versus downstream during either period. In severely diverted streams, however, total invertebrate density downstream from the diversion was only 50% of upstream. Invertebrate diversity was also reduced; ten taxa abundant upstream were absent in downstream sections. Chironomids, ostracods and Ameletus spp. comprised 80% of total invertebrate density during constant, low flow conditions in the severely diverted streams. Although all taxa in the severely diverted streams recovered (drift) during the period of frequent flow fluctuations, spatial and temporal variation (coefficient of variation) in both density and the number of taxa was significantly greater downstream. Depending on the frequency with which free-flowing conditions were re-established, many invertebrate populations (especially mayflies and some stoneflies) declined or were even locally extirpated (e.g. Hesperoperla pacifica, Megarcys signata, Neothremma alicia, Polycelis coronata). Downstream communities in severely diverted tributaries appeared to fluctuate between two stable endpoints; a depauperate low-flow community dominated by chironomids and ostracods and a more abundant and diverse natural-flow community dominated by mayflies, chironomids, ostracods, stoneflies and caddisflies. Water abstraction (extent and timing of diversion) could be managed to minimize risks to downstream ecological resources. JF - Regulated Rivers: Research & Management AU - Rader, R B AU - Belish, T A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Station, 222 South 22nd Street, Laramie, WY 82070-5299, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 353 EP - 363 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0886-9375, 0886-9375 KW - Midges KW - Ostracods KW - USA, Rocky Mts. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chironomidae KW - Population Dynamics KW - Ameletus KW - Population density KW - Species Diversity KW - Invertebrates KW - Freshwater KW - Polycelis coronata KW - Population dynamics KW - Ostracoda KW - Water levels KW - Flow Characteristics KW - Neothremma alicia KW - Ecosystem management KW - Stream flow rate KW - Invertebrata KW - Megarcys signata KW - Downstream KW - River basin management KW - Headwaters KW - Risk KW - Alpine Regions KW - Community composition KW - Population Density KW - Hesperoperla pacifica KW - Species diversity KW - Diversion KW - Fluctuations KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17392642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+mild+to+severe+flow+alterations+on+invertebrates+in+three+mountain+streams&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BBelish%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1646%28199907%2F08%2915%3A43.3.CO%3B2-L LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water levels; Community composition; Species diversity; Population density; Stream flow rate; Ecosystem management; Population dynamics; River basin management; Headwaters; Risk; Alpine Regions; Flow Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Population Density; Species Diversity; Downstream; Invertebrates; Fluctuations; Diversion; Chironomidae; Hesperoperla pacifica; Neothremma alicia; Ameletus; Invertebrata; Megarcys signata; Polycelis coronata; Ostracoda; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199907/08)15:4<353::AID-RRR551>3.3.CO;2-L ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release of copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated southern pine exposed in seawater and freshwater AN - 17388425; 4602488 AB - The use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) treated wood in marine construction has drawn criticism from environmentalists because of the high levels of chemical concentration in the wood and the potential for harm to aquatic life. These criticisms have been difficult to address because of the lack of, or conflicting, information on the release of chemical elements of CCA-C into seawater. In this study, sections of lumber and piling were treated with CCA-C to retention levels of 20 or 40 kg/m super(3) and immersed for 15 months in deionized water and dilutions of an artificial seawater solution. The leaching solutions were periodically collected and analyzed for the concentration of released copper, chromium, and arsenic. Seawater had a mixed effect on leaching of the elements of CCA-C. The steady-state release rate of copper was much greater in seawater than in deionized water. In contrast, the steady-state release rate of arsenic was somewhat greater in deionized water than in seawater. The rate of chromium release was consistently much less than that of copper and arsenic and did not appear to be affected by seawater. Release rates of copper and arsenic were somewhat less from the wood treated to 20 kg/m super(3) than from the wood treated to 40 kg/m super(3), but retention had little effect on the rate of chromium release. Release rates per unit surface area were consistently greater from piling than from lumber, especially for arsenic. Long-term release of CCA-C elements was estimated from steady-state release rates that occurred after 10 to 15 months of leaching. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Lebow, ST AU - Foster, DO AU - Lebow, P K AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 80 EP - 89 VL - 49 IS - 7-8 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - Pine KW - treated southern pine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Arsenic KW - Leaching KW - Chromium KW - Forest industry KW - Seawater KW - Brackish KW - Construction materials KW - Wood KW - Copper KW - Freshwater KW - Pinus KW - Fresh water KW - Marine environment KW - Saline water KW - Preservatives KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17388425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Release+of+copper%2C+chromium%2C+and+arsenic+from+treated+southern+pine+exposed+in+seawater+and+freshwater&rft.au=Lebow%2C+ST%3BFoster%2C+DO%3BLebow%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Lebow&rft.aufirst=ST&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Fresh water; Leaching; Chromium; Forest industry; Wood; Saline water; Construction materials; Copper; Preservatives; Marine environment; Seawater; Freshwater; Pinus; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Riparian Strips and Adjacent Wheat Fields AN - 17387734; 4605297 AB - Ground beetles are polyphagous predators that often colonize cereal fields from adjacent habitats. Boundaries separating these habitats may filter the movement of species across them resulting in differences in species composition among the habitats. Ground beetles were captured in spring 1995 at 3 sites, autumn through spring 1995-1996 at 4 sites, and autumn through spring 1996-1997 at 2 sites using pitfall traps positioned in riparian strips, wheat fields, and along riparian-wheat field edges. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to arrange ground beetles along temporal and spatial gradients. Autumn and spring assemblages of ground beetles were separated along the 1st canonical axis. The 2nd canonical axis further separated spring and winter assemblages of ground beetles. With the effects of season removed, ground beetles were classified with respect to habitat association along axes 1 and 2 of a partial canonical correspondence analysis. Based on this analysis, ground beetles occupying wheat field interiors and wheat field edges were separated from those occupying riparian interiors and riparian edges along the 1st canonical axis. The 2nd canonical axis separated beetles occupying interior habitats from those occupying edge habitats. We classified beetles as habitat generalists, wheat specialists, riparian specialists, or boundary specialists. Riparian areas may serve as permanent habitats for ground beetles to colonize cereal fields. Because of their continuous seasonal activity and predatory nature many species of ground beetles are good candidates for biological control of wheat pests. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - French, B W AU - Elliott, N C AD - Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, SPA, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 597 EP - 607 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Ground beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Population density KW - Predators KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Community composition KW - Carabidae KW - Riparian environments KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Distribution+of+Ground+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Carabidae%29+Assemblages+in+Riparian+Strips+and+Adjacent+Wheat+Fields&rft.au=French%2C+B+W%3BElliott%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Carabidae; Riparian environments; Population density; Predators; Community composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-attraction of Carpophilus humeralis to pheromone components of other Carpophilus species AN - 17387377; 4599649 AB - The pineapple beetle, Carpophilus humeralis, is known from field test to be more attracted to baits containing the pheromone blends of other Carpophilus species and food odors than to food odors alone, but a pheromone is not yet known for C. humeralis. Wind-tunnel bioassays were used to determine specifically which of the Carpophilus pheromone components were the most attractive for C. humeralis. Nine tetraene and triene components normally used in field studies, plus eight additional male-specific compounds from other Carpophilus species, and one additional analog, were used in these experiments. At the 10-ng level, 15 of 18 compounds tested with a food-related coattractant (propyl acetate) were more attractive for C. humeralis than the coattractant alone. With decreasing doses (1, 0.1, and 0.01 ng) the number of attractive compounds declined. Only one compound, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7- trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene (1), had significant attraction for C. humeralis at 0.01 ng, close to the lower threshold level of pheromone attraction for other Carpophilus species. Responses to mixtures of compounds were explored. For example, 1 was synergistic with 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (E), 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine (D), and 2-phenylethanol (P), which are known attractants for C. humeralis; a mixture of 1 plus E, D, and P was 20 times more attractive than 1 alone and five times more than E, D, plus P. The specificity of C. humeralis for certain tetraenes was similar to that exhibited by C. hemipterus, while the specificity for trienes was similar to that of C. freemani. The behavior of C. humeralis to these pheromone components suggests that it may have a pheromone like that of other Carpophilus species or that it could possibly use these compounds as host finding kairomones. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Zilkowski, B W AU - Bartelt, R J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research Unit, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1759 EP - 1770 VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Sap beetles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Carpophilus humeralis KW - Attractants KW - Pheromones KW - Olfaction KW - Kairomones KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Cross-attraction+of+Carpophilus+humeralis+to+pheromone+components+of+other+Carpophilus+species&rft.au=Zilkowski%2C+B+W%3BBartelt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Zilkowski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus humeralis; Nitidulidae; Attractants; Olfaction; Pheromones; Kairomones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology of Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Cold Hardening in the Intermountain West AN - 17386949; 4605294 AB - The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, spends the majority of its life cycle within the phloem of pine trees, experiencing exposure to temperatures below -30 degree C in many parts of their expansive range. To better understand cold tolerance capabilities of this insect, seasonal patterns of cold-hardiness, as measured by supercooling points in the laboratory, were compared with seasonal patterns of host tree phloem temperatures at several geographic sites for 2 beetle generations. Larvae were found to be intolerant of tissue freezing, and supercooling points measured appear to be a reasonable estimate of the lower limit for survival. Of the compounds analyzed, glycerol was found to be the major cryoprotectant. No differences in supercooling points were found among instars or between larvae collected from the north and south aspect of tree boles. Both phloem temperatures and supercooling points of larvae collected from within the phloem were found to be different among the geographic sites sampled. Mountain pine beetle larvae appear to respond to seasonal and yearly fluctuations in microhabitat temperatures by adjusting levels of cold hardening. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bentz, B J AU - Mullins, DE AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 577 EP - 587 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Cold tolerance KW - Dendroctonus ponderosae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05177:Water, temperature & ionic regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17386949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Mountain+Pine+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+Cold+Hardening+in+the+Intermountain+West&rft.au=Bentz%2C+B+J%3BMullins%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus ponderosae; Scolytidae; Cold tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemically-Mediated Attraction of Ichneumon (Pterocormus) promissorius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Males by Females AN - 17385375; 4605290 AB - Data supporting chemically-mediated communication between males and females of a pupal parasitoid Ichneumon (=Pterocormus) promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were gathered with a behavioral bioassay and electroantennography. Live I. promissorius females and a whole-body extract of females elicited greater responses from male antennae than did live males, a whole-body extract of them or a control. In behavioral bioassays, more I. promissorius males were recovered from traps baited with live females or the diethyl ether rinse of a glass substrate to which females were exposed than with live males, the diethyl ether rinse of a glass substrate to which males were exposed or a control. Volatile materials collected from live females either effluvially or by their immersion in solvent did not attract males. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Jewett, D K AU - Carpenter, JE AD - USDA, ARS, Insect Biology Lab, 2747 Davis Road, P. O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748 Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 551 EP - 556 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ichneumon flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Sex pheromone KW - Attraction KW - Ichneumon promissorius KW - Ichneumonidae KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17385375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Chemically-Mediated+Attraction+of+Ichneumon+%28Pterocormus%29+promissorius+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29+Males+by+Females&rft.au=Jewett%2C+D+K%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Jewett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ichneumon promissorius; Ichneumonidae; Sex pheromone; Attraction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Olfactory reception of conspecific aggregation pheromone and plant odors by nymphs of the predator, Podisus maculiventris AN - 17383644; 4599652 AB - Olfactory reception of 23 odorants, including plant volatiles and male-produced aggregation pheromone, by third and fifth instars of the spined soldier bug (SSB) Podisus maculiventris was investigated by using electroantennograms (EAGs). Both nymphal stages were sensitive to male-produced aggregation pheromone components (E)-2-hexenal, benzyl alcohol, and alpha -terpineol. The plant volatile, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (a chemical known to be released by plants in response to prey feeding over the short-term), elicited the largest EAGs of all volatiles tested. While third instars were sensitive to nonanal, only fifth instars responded to both nonanal and ( plus or minus )-linalool, both compounds released systemically by plants in response to feeding by potential prey. Antennal extirpation experiments showed that sensilla responsive to hexan-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and alpha -terpineol are situated mainly on the terminal antennal segment. The results support the hypothesis that P. maculiventris nymphs use both plant volatiles and pheromone components in locating potential prey and other behaviors. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Sant'ana, J AU - Da Silva, RFP AU - Dickens, J C AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Plant Sciences Institute, Vegetable Laboratoty Bldg. 010A, Rm. 240, BARC-West Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1813 EP - 1826 VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - nymphs KW - Stink bugs KW - Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pentatomidae KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Host plants KW - Chemoreception KW - Volatiles KW - Podisus maculiventris KW - Olfaction KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17383644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Olfactory+reception+of+conspecific+aggregation+pheromone+and+plant+odors+by+nymphs+of+the+predator%2C+Podisus+maculiventris&rft.au=Sant%27ana%2C+J%3BDa+Silva%2C+RFP%3BDickens%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Sant%27ana&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Podisus maculiventris; Pentatomidae; Aggregation pheromone; Host plants; Volatiles; Olfaction; Chemoreception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion by surface water flow on a stony, semiarid hillslope AN - 17373102; 4595247 AB - Soil erosion on hillslopes occurs by processes of soil splash from raindrop impacts and sediment entrainment by surface water flows. This study investigates the process of soil erosion by surface water flow on a stony soil in a semiarid environment. A field experimental method was developed whereby erosion by concentrated flow could be measured in predefined flow areas without disturbing the soil surface. The method allowed for measurements in this study of flow erosion at a much wider range of slopes (2.6 to 30.1 per cent) and unit discharge rates (0.0007 to 0.007 m super(2) s super(-1)) than have been previously feasible. Flow velocities were correlated to discharge and hydraulic radius, but not to slope. The lack of correlation between velocity and slope might have been due to the greater rock cover on the steeper slopes which caused the surface to be hydraulically rougher and thus counteract the expected effect of slope on flow velocity. The detachment data illustrated limitations in applying a linear hydraulic shear stress model over the entire range of the data collected. Flow detachment rates were better correlated to a power function of either shear stress (r super(2) = 0.51) or stream power (r super(2) = 0.59). JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Nearing, MA AU - Simanton, J R AU - Norton, L D AU - Bulygin, S J AU - Stone, J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Laboratory, 1196 Soil Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 677 EP - 686 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - slopes KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Shear stress KW - Surface water KW - Field Tests KW - Surface Water KW - Soil erosion KW - Correlation analysis KW - Sediments KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Flow Velocity KW - Semiarid Lands KW - Rocks KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Shear Stress KW - Rain KW - Soil Erosion KW - Slopes KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+by+surface+water+flow+on+a+stony%2C+semiarid+hillslope&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA%3BSimanton%2C+J+R%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BBulygin%2C+S+J%3BStone%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9837%28199908%2924%3A83.0.CO%3B2-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shear stress; Hydraulics; Rocks; Surface water; Rain; Correlation analysis; Soil erosion; Sediments; Flow Velocity; Semiarid Lands; Correlation Analysis; Shear Stress; Surface Water; Field Tests; Slopes; Soil Erosion; Hydraulic Properties; Soil Surfaces DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199908)24:8<677::AID-ESP981>3.0.CO;2-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual and semiochemical disruption of host finding in the southern pine beetle AN - 17371280; 4597902 AB - The importance of visual silhouettes for host finding by the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and the potential for disruption of this process using visual deterrents were evaluated with multiple-funnel traps, painted white or black, and with clear, white, or black Plexiglas sticky panels. All traps and panels were baited with the SPB attractant frontalure. The effect of combined semiochemical and visual disruption was evaluated in funnel traps by including the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone, or the repellent/inhibitory host compound 4-allylanisole, in addition to the attractant. Visual treatments had a highly significant effect on catch of SPB and the predatory clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius. In attractant-baited traps, white paint alone reduced the average number of SPB caught by 72% in Florida and 68% in Louisiana. The repellent 4-allylanisole reduced catch of SPB by 56% in Florida and 45% in Louisiana. Verbenone was eluted at 25% of the targeted rate and did not affect total catch in either place. White panels trapped 79% fewer SPB than black, and 55% fewer than clear, with both differences significant. Clear panels also caught significantly fewer (-54%) SPB than black panels. Capture of T. dubius was reduced significantly by clear (-61%) or white (-56%) panels compared to black but did not differ significantly between clear and white panels. The percentage of female SPB captured was not significantly changed by visual treatments but was, as expected, reduced by verbenone. Neither visual nor semiochemical treatments influenced the sex ratio of T. dubius. The potential for using visual disruptants for protection of trees was assessed in front of a single SPB infestation by painting trees either white or black to 4.5 m. White trees showed fewer landings by SPB and a reduced density of successful and total SPB attacks within, but not above, the painted area. These results show that both SPB and T. dubius can be significantly affected by altering visual silhouettes, and that visual and semiochemical treatments, especially used in combination, may increase effectiveness of bark beetle disruption strategies. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Strom, B L AU - Roton, L M AU - Goyer, R A AU - Meeker, J R AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 /hreveport Highway, Pineville, Louisiana 71360, USA, bstrom@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1028 EP - 1038 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Engraver beetles KW - Timber beetles KW - Checkered beetles KW - Southern pine beetle KW - USA, South KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Host selection KW - Thanasimus dubius KW - Pest control KW - Sex differences KW - Visual stimuli KW - Semiochemicals KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - Cleridae KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Visual+and+semiochemical+disruption+of+host+finding+in+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BRoton%2C+L+M%3BGoyer%2C+R+A%3BMeeker%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1028&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus frontalis; Thanasimus dubius; Cleridae; Scolytidae; Visual stimuli; Semiochemicals; Sex differences; Host selection; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disruption of the cytochrome C gene in xylose-utilizing yeast Pichia stipitis leads to higher ethanol production AN - 17333178; 4602015 AB - The xylose-utilizing yeast, Pichia stipitis, has a complex respiratory system that contains cytochrome and non-cytochrome alternative electron transport chains in its mitochondria. To gain primary insights into the alternative respiratory pathway, a cytochrome C gene (PsCYC1, Accession No. AF030426) was cloned from wild-type P. stipitis CBS 6054 by cross-hybridization to CYC1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 333 bp open reading frame of PsCYC1 showed 74% and 69% identity to ScCYC1 and ScCYC7, respectively, at the DNA level. Disruption of PsCYC1 resulted in a mutant that uses the salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive respiratory pathway for aerobic energy production. Cytochrome spectra revealed that cytochromes c and a times a sub(3) both disappeared in the cyc1- Delta mutant, so no electron flow through the cytochrome C oxidase was possible. The cyc1- Delta mutant showed 50% lower growth rates than the parent when grown on fermentable sugars. The cyc1- Delta mutant was also found to be unable to grow on glycerol. Interestingly, the mutant produced 0 times 46 g/g ethanol from 8% xylose, which was 21% higher in yield than the parental strain (0 times 38 g/g). These results suggested that the alternative pathway might play an important role in supporting xylose conversion to ethanol under oxygen-limiting conditions. JF - Yeast AU - Shi, N-Q AU - Davis, B AU - Sherman, F AU - Cruz, J AU - Jeffries, T W AD - USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705, USA, twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1021 EP - 1030 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0749-503X, 0749-503X KW - CYC1 gene KW - PsCYC1 gene KW - Salicylhydroxamic acid KW - ScCYC1 gene KW - ScCYC7 gene KW - Xylose KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - budding yeast KW - cDNA KW - cytochrome a KW - cytochrome c KW - glycerol KW - growth rate KW - nucleotide sequence KW - salicylhydroxamic acid KW - xylose KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cytochromes KW - Fermentation KW - Respiration KW - Cytochrome-c oxidase KW - Ethanol KW - Gene disruption KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Pichia stipitis KW - Electron transport KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03045:Fungi KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17333178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yeast&rft.atitle=Disruption+of+the+cytochrome+C+gene+in+xylose-utilizing+yeast+Pichia+stipitis+leads+to+higher+ethanol+production&rft.au=Shi%2C+N-Q%3BDavis%2C+B%3BSherman%2C+F%3BCruz%2C+J%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=N-Q&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Yeast&rft.issn=0749503X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pichia stipitis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Cytochrome-c oxidase; Respiration; Gene disruption; Fermentation; Cytochromes; Electron transport; Ethanol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence and RAPD data compared in Fusarium oxysporum and related species from maize AN - 17330795; 4605631 AB - Phylogenetic relationships of several strains within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex and two related species from maize were used to test whether phylogenies inferred from nuclear-encoded translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal RNA gene sequences are concordant with one derived from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) characters. Results of a partition-homogeneity test (PHT) indicated that the EF-1 alpha and the mtSSU rDNA data-sets are highly homogeneous (P greater than or equal to 0.99) and could be analysed as a combined data-set. On the basis of the results of the PHT, the three RAPD partitions were also analysed as a combined data-set. However, the PHT revealed conflict between the nucleotide and RAPD data (P = 0.001). In addition, results of a t-test showed that the consistency, retention and rescaled consistency indices obtained with the nucleotide sequence data were significantly higher than those obtained with the RAPD data. The t-tests of the RAPD data also showed that these indices were significantly higher when using the 15-mer M13 RAPD primer compared with the two 10-mer primers. Although homoplasy was much greater for the RAPD data than for the DNA sequence data, topologically similar trees were inferred from both data-sets. However, the RAPD data appears to be flawed because it failed to resolve the two major clades of the F. oxysporum complex and trees constructed from the RAPD decamer primers completely failed to resolve the F. oxysporum complex. An unnamed phylogenetically distinct species (Fusarium sp.) intermediate between the F. oxysporum complex and Fusarium redolens was identified in trees inferred from the DNA sequence and RAPD data. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - O'Donnell, K AU - Gherbawy, Y AU - Schweigkofler, W AU - Adler, A AU - Prillinger, H AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 445 EP - 452 VL - 147 IS - 7-8 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - isolates KW - maize KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Zea mays KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17330795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analyses+of+DNA+sequence+and+RAPD+data+compared+in+Fusarium+oxysporum+and+related+species+from+maize&rft.au=O%27Donnell%2C+K%3BGherbawy%2C+Y%3BSchweigkofler%2C+W%3BAdler%2C+A%3BPrillinger%2C+H&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1439-0434.1999.00410.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Zea mays; Phylogeny; Random amplified polymorphic DNA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.1999.00410.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of equisetin and epi-equisetin isolated from Fusarium equiseti and F. pallidoroseum AN - 17325179; 4601918 AB - Fusarium equiseti and F. pallidoroseum are frequently reported as secondary colonizers of plant tissues. In this study they were isolated from the embryos of weathered cottonseed. Most isolates tested produced equisetin, an antibiotic, when grown on potato dextrose agar, rice, surface-sterilized cottonseed, or autoclaved cottonseed. This is the first report of equisetin from F. pallidoroseum. Equisetin was extracted from cultures of F. equiseti and F. pallidoroseum with acetone and dichloromethane, and partially purified by TLC. Two epimers of equisetin, designated as EQ and epi-EQ, were separated by HPLC. EQ or epi-EQ at 2 times 5-10 mu g ml super(-1) suppressed germination or inhibited growth of various monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seed, when the seed were incubated at 30 degree C under aqueous shake conditions. The two epimers also inhibited the growth of young seedlings and caused necrotic lesions on the roots, cotyledons, and coleoptiles of tested plant seedlings. The results suggest that equisetin may be a pathogenic factor of F. equiseti and F. pallidoroseum on seed and seedling health of cotton and other plants. JF - Mycological Research AU - Wheeler, M H AU - Stipanovic, R D AU - Puckhaber, L S AD - Southern Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 967 EP - 973 VL - 103 IS - 8 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Equisetin KW - epi-Equisetin KW - methylene chloride KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Germination KW - Fusarium KW - Phytotoxins KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Fusarium equiseti KW - Acetone KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17325179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+equisetin+and+epi-equisetin+isolated+from+Fusarium+equiseti+and+F.+pallidoroseum&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+M+H%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D%3BPuckhaber%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0953756298008119 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Fusarium equiseti; Acetone; Phytotoxins; Germination; Antimicrobial agents; High-performance liquid chromatography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756298008119 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in the concentrations of small, anionic, antimicrobial peptides in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in respiratory epithelia of patients with and without cystic fibrosis AN - 17311259; 4588184 AB - Affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal (PAB96-1) and mouse monoclonal (1G9-1C2) antibodies to synthetic H-DDDDDDD-OH, an antimicrobial anionic peptide (AP) originally isolated from ovine pulmonary surfactant, were prepared and used to assess the concentrations of AP-like molecules in human respiratory tract samples. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, concentrations of AP-like molecules measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were significantly lower in 13 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (mean plus or minus standard deviation [SD], 0.78 plus or minus 0.46 mM) than in 34 patients without CF (1.30 plus or minus 0.66 mM) (P = 0.01). In pulmonary tissues of three patients without CF, very little antigen was stained in the apical cytoplasm of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium yet robust staining was seen in the alveolar epithelium. In pulmonary tissues of three patients with CF, robust staining of antigen was seen in the apical cytoplasm of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium yet no staining was seen in the alveolar epithelium. These results show that AP-like molecules are present in healthy human respiratory tract samples and differ in concentration and location of expression in patients with and without CF. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Brogden, KA AU - Ackermann, M R AU - McCray, PB Jr AU - Huttner, K M AD - Respiratory and Neurologic Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA, kbrogden@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 4256 EP - 4259 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Epithelium KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Surfactants KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Respiratory tract KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17311259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Differences+in+the+concentrations+of+small%2C+anionic%2C+antimicrobial+peptides+in+bronchoalveolar+lavage+fluid+and+in+respiratory+epithelia+of+patients+with+and+without+cystic+fibrosis&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BMcCray%2C+PB+Jr%3BHuttner%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Cystic fibrosis; Epithelium; Respiratory tract; Surfactants; Antimicrobial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil factors influencing atrazine sorption: Implications on fate AN - 17310121; 4590497 AB - The effects of two soil properties - soil organic carbon (SOC) content and landscape position - and a management factor (tillage) from Iowa and South Carolina soils on the sorption of the herbicide atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) were evaluated to assess their influence on atrazine fate in the soil environment. In both Iowa and South Carolina, the magnitude of atrazine sorption was strongly and positively correlated with SOC, landscape position, and tillage. Landscape position was especially important for Iowa soils because SOC-enriched depressional areas (potholes) on the Wisconsin glacial surface could sorb more atrazine than soils in sloping positions. Our data suggest that herbicide management strategies such as application rates or herbicide selection will require some adjustments to account for the effects of SOC, landscape position, and tillage management on herbicide sorption in to augment effective weed control and prevent herbicide movement to groundwater. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Novak, J M AD - Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, novak@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1663 EP - 1667 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Iowa KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Sorption KW - Atrazine KW - Herbicides KW - Groundwater KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17310121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Soil+factors+influencing+atrazine+sorption%3A+Implications+on+fate&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Groundwater; Herbicides; Sorption; Atrazine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA AN - 17309855; 4591596 AB - Isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been applied to studies of genetic relationships and germplasm management in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, isozymes identify relatively few polymorphisms, and RFLPs are technically complex, expensive, and not compatible for the high throughput required for rigorous assessment of this narrow-based germplasm. Since random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers do not manifest such shortcomings, a study was conducted in cucumber to examine genetic relationships in diverse germplasm, assess the usefulness of RAPD markers in distinguishing elite accessions, and compare the relative effectiveness of RAPD markers to that of isozyme and RFLP markers. One hundred and eighteen C. sativus accessions were analyzed using variation at 71 RAPD loci (44 mapped and 27 unmapped). Genetic distances among accessions were estimated using the simple matching coefficient complement, and analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling. Each accession had a unique marker profile, indicating that RAPD analysis was useful in genotypic differentiation. Germplasm grouping patterns were consistent with individual accession origins, theoretical dispersal routes and discriminating morphological characters (i.e., sex expression and fruit length to diameter ratio). Although elite accessions were discriminated by RAPD profiling, their genetic distances were relatively small (between 0.01 and 0.58), indicating limited genetic diversity in this germplasm array. Assessment of a subset of the germplasm array using RAPDs resulted in genetic distance measurements more similar to published genetic distance estimates by RFLP markers (Spearman rank correlation, r sub(s) = 0.7-0.8) than estimates by isozyme markers (r sub(s) = 0.4). Data indicate that RAPD markers have utility for analysis of genetic diversity and germplasm management in cucumber. JF - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution AU - Horejsi, T AU - Staub, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 337 EP - 350 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0925-9864, 0925-9864 KW - cucumber KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Plant breeding KW - Genetic diversity KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Genetic distance KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17309855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+in+cucumber+%28Cucumis+sativus+L.%29+as+assessed+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA&rft.au=Horejsi%2C+T%3BStaub%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Horejsi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.issn=09259864&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008650509966 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis sativus; Genetic distance; Plant breeding; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Genetic diversity; Restriction fragment length polymorphism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008650509966 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Salmonella on fresh fruits and vegetables affected by fungal rots or physical injury AN - 17305730; 4580350 AB - Enriched wash from healthy and decayed portions of 341 fruits and vegetables collected in the marketplace and affected by fungal rots were tested for suspected Salmonella appearing as black, hydrogen sulfide-positive colonies on Salmonella-Shigella agar incubated at 37 degree C. Suspected Salmonella occurred in 20.2% of healthy and in 26.4% of decayed portions, two-thirds of which were caused by Alternaria and Botrytis. In a similar analysis of 121 samples with mechanical injuries, in which two-thirds were gouges, cuts, and bruises, there were no significant differences in Salmonella incidence between injured and uninjured portions. Of 332 suspected Salmonella randomly isolated from healthy and decayed or injured portions, 17 (5.1%) were confirmed as Salmonella by physiological and serological testing. When tomato, potato, and onion tissues were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, populations of that bacterium increased by one to two logs over a 48-h incubation at room temperature. Coinoculation of tissues with S. typhimurium and Botrytis or Rhizopus, but not Alternaria or Geotrichum, caused a statistically significant increase in populations of Salmonella compared with the controls. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, jwells@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 722 EP - 726 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Salmonella KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - Botrytis KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Alternaria KW - Rot KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17305730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Salmonella+on+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables+affected+by+fungal+rots+or+physical+injury&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=722&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria; Botrytis; Salmonella; Fruits; Vegetables; Rot; Post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lethal cankers caused by Phytophthora spp. in almond scions: Specific etiology and potential inoculum sources AN - 17305272; 4580353 AB - Etiology of a new lethal canker syndrome of almond trees was investigated in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Phytophthora citricola was isolated most frequently from cankers limited to the aboveground scion portions of trees; whereas P. cactorum usually was isolated from cankers originating at or below the soil surface. Repeated observations and isolations indicated that some of the cankers associated with each species were perennial. In pathogenicity tests, isolates of P. cactorum and P. citricola caused bark cankers in excised segments of almond shoots and branches, as well as root and crown rot on potted almond seedlings. Only P. citricola caused significant disease in root and crown tissues of peach seedlings. When pear fruits and almond seedlings were used as bait, P. cactorum and P. citricola were isolated from orchard soil, debris collected in natural depressions where scaffold branches and the tree trunk joined at a common point, and debris deposited on tree surfaces during nut harvest. Control strategies for Phytophthora diseases of almond should consider aboveground as well as belowground modes of attack by P. citricola and P. cactorum. Debris infested with these pathogens and deposited on trees during harvest may play a role in the disease epidemiology. JF - Plant Disease AU - Browne, G T AU - Viveros, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, gtbrowne@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 739 EP - 745 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Canker KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora cactorum KW - Trees KW - Phytophthora citricola KW - USA, California KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17305272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Lethal+cankers+caused+by+Phytophthora+spp.+in+almond+scions%3A+Specific+etiology+and+potential+inoculum+sources&rft.au=Browne%2C+G+T%3BViveros%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora cactorum; Phytophthora citricola; USA, California; Trees; Canker; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geographical distribution and incidence of orchardgrass choke, caused by Epichloe typhina, in Oregon AN - 17304961; 4580356 AB - A 1998 survey was conducted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, the major U.S. production area for orchardgrass seed, to determine the extent and severity of choke disease in Dactylis glomerata. This disease is a severe constraint to orchardgrass seed production in other parts of the world, but was unknown in Oregon prior to 1997. Thirty-seven fields, representing 27 cultivars and the geographical extent of production in the Willamette Valley, were selected from a list of fields registered for certification. Choke was found in 26 (70%) of the fields, and disease incidence ranged from 10%. In a survey of 16 fields located within 3.5 km of the 1997 discovery, choke was found in 14 fields, of which three had incidences >20%. Increase in disease incidence between 1997 and 1998 ranged from 2.1- to 3.3-fold in the three fields where disease increase was measured. One year after its presence was confirmed in Oregon, choke disease of orchardgrass is well-established throughout the orchardgrass seed producing region at damaging levels and is apparently able to increase and spread under the prevailing climatic and cultural conditions. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pfender, W F AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, pfenderw@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 754 EP - 758 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Oregon KW - orchardgrass choke KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Dactylis glomerata KW - Plant diseases KW - Epichloe typhina KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Geographical+distribution+and+incidence+of+orchardgrass+choke%2C+caused+by+Epichloe+typhina%2C+in+Oregon&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F%3BAlderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dactylis glomerata; Epichloe typhina; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disease resistance and biomass stability of forage pearl millet hybrids with partial rust resistance AN - 17303188; 4580352 AB - The expression of partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica and its contribution to digestible biomass production in forage pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in field experiments at Tifton, GA. Inbreds Tift 383, Tift 65, and nine inbreds with partial resistance selected from the cross Tift 383 x 'ICMP 501' were crossed to Tift 23DA sub(4). The parental inbreds and hybrids were evaluated in natural epidemics in 1996 and 1997. Because of maturity differences among the lines, slope of the regression of logit rust severity on time (apparent infection rate) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated for a defined interval of plant growth (10 days before to 20 days after anthesis) and adjusted for initial rust severity at 10 days prior to anthesis were the most useful indicators of resistance. Inbred resistance was not a reliable predictor of hybrid resistance when evaluated by either variable, Hybrids were evaluated for biomass production in 1996 and 1997 in a split-plot design, with hybrids as main plots and nontreated or chlorothalonil fungicide-treated as subplots. Differences existed among hybrids for AUDPC and for digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) and its components. Over all hybrids, the response between DDMY and final rust severity was described by logarithmic regression. Two clusters of hybrids were identified by cluster analysis of disease-related data from both experiments. The cluster of susceptible hybrids tended to have a lower DDMY and were less stable over year x treatment environments than the cluster of partially resistant hybrids. Lodging in nontreated plots in 1997 primarily occurred in susceptible hybrids. Although resistance was expressed in certain hybrids, greater levels of partial resistance are needed to provide adequate protection against DDMY losses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, J P AU - Gates, R N AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Research Unit, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA, jwilson@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 733 EP - 738 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Puccinia substriata indica KW - Plant protection KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17303188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Disease+resistance+and+biomass+stability+of+forage+pearl+millet+hybrids+with+partial+rust+resistance&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BGates%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pennisetum glaucum; Puccinia substriata indica; Rust; Disease resistance; Plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Irrigation Well Discharges AN - 17274811; 4583073 AB - Irrigation wells frequently discharge directly into canals. Upstream elbows, the pump head, or other pipe fittings may produce a distorted flow profile that is detrimental to the proper installation and operation of commonly available pipe meters. Before attempts to condition the flow with longer discharge piping or straightening vanes, it is desirable to know how distorted the flow profile really is. If this information can be provided, the meter technician can determine whether a correction in the meter coefficient will suffice, or if flow conditioning equipment is needed, or whether flow conditioning equipment, if already installed, is working effectively. An economical method of field evaluating the result of an installed meter in this compromised situation is described. The method uses a conveniently fashioned pitot-tube system that can be clamped to the pump discharge pipe. It is used to quickly detect the velocity at several points across the pipe diameter. Distorted profiles can be detected and measured. Pitot-tube systems have long been used in pipe flows. Most require that special taps be drilled in the outflow pipe of the well. Some use special double-tube constructions that are difficult to build using simple machine-shop procedures. This pitot impact tube, with its static pressure companion tube, can be constructed using common shop techniques and standard small pipe fittings. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Replogle, J AD - Res. Hydr. Engr., U.S. Water Conservation Lab., ARS-USDA, 4331 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 125 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water metering KW - Pipe flow KW - Pipes KW - Irrigation wells KW - Construction KW - Flow discharge KW - Flow profiles KW - Velocity KW - Measuring instruments KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17274811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Measuring+Irrigation+Well+Discharges&rft.au=Replogle%2C+J&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water metering; Pipes; Pipe flow; Irrigation wells; Construction; Flow discharge; Flow profiles; Velocity; Measuring instruments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deliberate introductions of species: Research needs AN - 17266730; 4570045 AB - Most proponents of purposeful introductions understand the risks, and most conservation biologists recognize the potential benefits to be derived from carefully controlled introductions. JF - Bioscience AU - Ewel, J J AU - O'Dowd, D J AU - Bergelson, J AU - Daehler, C C AU - D'Antonio, C M AU - Gomez, L D AU - Gordon AU - Hobbs, R J AU - Holt, A AU - Hopper, K R AU - Hughes, CE AU - LaHart, M AU - Leakey, R B AU - Vitousek, P M AD - Inst. Pacific Island Forestry, USDA Forest Serv., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, jackewel@gte.net Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 619 EP - 630 PB - American Institute of Biological Sciences VL - 49 IS - 8 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Animals KW - Management KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Conservation KW - Introduced species KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17266730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Deliberate+introductions+of+species%3A+Research+needs&rft.au=Ewel%2C+J+J%3BO%27Dowd%2C+D+J%3BBergelson%2C+J%3BDaehler%2C+C+C%3BD%27Antonio%2C+C+M%3BGomez%2C+L+D%3BGordon%3BHobbs%2C+R+J%3BHolt%2C+A%3BHopper%2C+K+R%3BHughes%2C+CE%3BLaHart%2C+M%3BLeakey%2C+R+B%3BVitousek%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Ewel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Animals; Reviews; Introduced species; Management; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics and distribution of potato latent carlavirus (Red LaSoda virus) in North America AN - 17264770; 4580355 AB - A carlavirus (code name RLSV and subsequently named potato latent carlavirus, PotLV) with serological and biological characteristics different from those of potato M carlavirus (PVM) and potato S carlavirus (PVS) was detected in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar Red LaSoda by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency in 1992. During a routine electron microscope testing of accessions in the Vancouver Collection of Virus-Free Potatoes growing in the California winter test in 1993, a filamentous rod-shaped virus similar to PVS and PVM was found in a Red LaSoda clone from Nebraska. The virus was isolated and purified. The monoclonal antibody, MAb 4E12, which is highly specific to the PotLV virus, was developed. From 1994 to 1998, the accessions in the Vancouver Collection of Virus-Free Potatoes were assayed by triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) using the 4E12 MAb. Seven accessions tested from 1994 to 1996 were infected with PotLV. None of the 270 and 267 accessions in this collection tested positive for this virus in 1997 and 1998, respectively. In 1997 and 1998, the 137 accessions in the U.S. National Varietal Collection maintained at Presque Isle, Maine, were also assayed using the 4E12 MAb. The cultivars High Plains, Platte, and Red LaSoda were the only accessions that tested positive for PotLV. Nicotiana benthamiana, N. megalosiphon, and N. occidentalis are new systemic hosts for PotLV. TAS-ELISA with the 4E12 MAb is now part of the standardized test for PotLV in Canada. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goth, R W AU - Ellis, P J AU - De Villiers, G AU - Goins, E W AU - Wright, N S AD - Research Plant Pathologist, USDA/ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rgoth@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 751 EP - 753 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - North America KW - Tobacco KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Potato latent carlavirus KW - Nicotiana KW - Plant diseases KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Carlavirus KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17264770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Characteristics+and+distribution+of+potato+latent+carlavirus+%28Red+LaSoda+virus%29+in+North+America&rft.au=Goth%2C+R+W%3BEllis%2C+P+J%3BDe+Villiers%2C+G%3BGoins%2C+E+W%3BWright%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Goth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carlavirus; Nicotiana; Potato latent carlavirus; Solanum tuberosum; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence and seedling growth of soybean cultivars and maturity groups under salinity AN - 1034811856; 17024162 AB - Soybean is an important agricultural crop and has, among its genotypes, a relatively wide variation in salt tolerance. As measured by vegetative growth and yield, however, the achievement or failure of a high emergence ratio and seedling establishment in saline soils can have significant economic implications in areas where soil salinity is a potential problem for soybean. This study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity, variety and maturation rate on soybean emergence and seedling growth. Included in the study were the variety 'Manokin'; four near-isogenic sibling lines of the variety 'Lee' belonging to maturity groups IV, V, VI and VII; and the variety 'Essex' and two of its near-isogenic related lines representing maturity groups V, VI and VII, respectively. Field plots were salinized with sodium chloride and calcium chloride salts prior to planting. The soybeans were irrigated with furrow irrigation which redistributed the salts towards the tail ends of the field plots. Elevated soil salinity near the tail ends of the field significantly reduced soybean emergence rate, shoot height and root length. No significant reduction was found for emergence or seedling growth of variety 'Manokin' when the electrical conductivity of soil solution extract (ECe) was less than 3 dS m super(-1). Soybean emergence and seedling growth was significantly reduced when soil ECe reached about 11 dS m super(-1). Maturity groups V and VII of variety 'Lee' or V and VI of 'Essex' appeared to be more sensitive to salinity stress than other maturity groups. Salt tolerance of different genotypes and maturity groups should be considered, among other limiting factors, in minimizing salinity effects on soybean growth. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Wang, D AU - Shannon, M C AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507-4617, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 117 EP - 124 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 214 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Chlorides KW - Genotypes KW - Maturity KW - Salinity KW - Salts KW - Seedlings KW - Soil KW - Soil salinity KW - Soybeans KW - British Isles, England, Essex KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034811856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Emergence+and+seedling+growth+of+soybean+cultivars+and+maturity+groups+under+salinity&rft.au=Wang%2C+D%3BShannon%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004719420806 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Soil salinity; Salts; Salinity; Chlorides; Seedlings; Genotypes; Maturity; Soybeans; British Isles, England, Essex DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004719420806 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pilot study of exercise training to reduce trunk fat in adults with HIV-associated fat redistribution. AN - 69958215; 10449291 AB - Body fat redistribution ('lipodystrophy'), with gain in abdominal and trunk fat, and decline in facial and limb fat, is a newly recognized problem in patients with HIV infection that has been linked to use of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Increased abdominal fat may predispose these patients to hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. At this time no effective treatment is available. We examined whether exercise training could reduce trunk fat in men with fat redistribution. Open-label pilot study. Ten men with increasing abdominal girth participated in a 16 week pilot study of progressive resistance training with an aerobic component. They trained in a community health club three times per week. Total body lean and fat mass, and trunk fat mass, were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After 16 weeks of exercise, strength increased for three of the four exercises tested (leg press + 13% [p < 0.02], leg extension + 19% [p < 0.03], seated row + 7% [p < 0.13], chest press + 18% [p < 0.0051). There was a significant decline in total body fat by 1.5 kg (= 2.1 percentage points, p < 0.01); most of the decline in body fat occurred in trunk fat, which decreased by 1.1 kg (p < 0.03). Weight, lean mass (+ 1.1 + 2.6 kg, p = 0.23), and bone mineral density measured by DXA did not change. No adverse effects were seen from the training. Exercise training may reduce trunk fat mass in HIV-positive men with fat redistribution. Controls trials of this approach are warranted. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Roubenoff, R AU - Weiss, L AU - McDermott, A AU - Heflin, T AU - Cloutier, G J AU - Wood, M AU - Gorbach, S AD - Department of Community Health, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. roubenoff@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 1999/07/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 30 SP - 1373 EP - 1375 VL - 13 IS - 11 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Abdomen KW - Adult KW - Pilot Projects KW - Middle Aged KW - Body Constitution KW - Male KW - Lipodystrophy -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Lipodystrophy -- chemically induced KW - Exercise KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Adipose Tissue -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69958215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=A+pilot+study+of+exercise+training+to+reduce+trunk+fat+in+adults+with+HIV-associated+fat+redistribution.&rft.au=Roubenoff%2C+R%3BWeiss%2C+L%3BMcDermott%2C+A%3BHeflin%2C+T%3BCloutier%2C+G+J%3BWood%2C+M%3BGorbach%2C+S&rft.aulast=Roubenoff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-07-30&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Environmental benefits and costs of conservation tillage AN - 17370312; 4568804 AB - Every production practice, including conservation tillage, has positive or negative environmental consequences that may involve air, land, water, and/or the health and ecological status of wildlife. The negative impacts associated with agricultural production, and the use of conventional tillage systems in particular, include soil erosion, energy use, leaching and runoff of agricultural chemicals, and carbon emissions. Several of these impacts are quantified. The conclusions suggest that the use of conservation tillage does result in less of an adverse impact on the environment from agricultural production than does conventional tillage by reducing surface water runoff and wind erosion. Additionally, wildlife habitat will be enhanced to some extent with the adoption of conservation tillage and the benefits to be gained from carbon sequestration will depend on the soil remaining undisturbed. Finally, further expansion of conservation tillage on highly erodible land will unquestionably result in an increase in social benefits, but the expected gains will be modest. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Uri, N D AU - Atwood, J D AU - Sanabria, J AD - Resource Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, noel.uri@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 27 SP - 111 EP - 125 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Surface Runoff KW - Wildlife KW - Cost-benefit Analysis KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Erosion KW - Soil Conservation KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Soil Erosion KW - Environment management KW - Runoff KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=The+Environmental+benefits+and+costs+of+conservation+tillage&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D%3BAtwood%2C+J+D%3BSanabria%2C+J&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-07-27&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002540050407 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Cost-benefit Analysis; Soil Erosion; Soil Conservation; Surface Runoff; Wildlife; Agriculture; Conservation; Runoff; Erosion; Cost-benefit analysis; Environment management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050407 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal flow, nutrient concentrations and loading patterns in stream flow draining an agricultural hill-land watershed AN - 17366998; 4567333 AB - The effects of seasonality on nutrient patterns and export in streamflow were determined for a 7.3 km super(2) agricultural hill-land watershed in Pennsylvania for a 12-year period, 1984-96. Dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentrations were highest in stormflow for all seasons (0.030 mg/l), especially summer (0.039 mg/l) when the flow was the least. About two-thirds of the DP export was in stormflow, with two-thirds of this export occurring during winter and spring when five of the seven largest stormflow events within a year occur. For larger stormflows, DP concentrations were positively correlated with the flow rate, which contributed to storm dominance of DP export. Export of NO sub(3)-N, and to a lesser extent DP, by flow component and season were controlled by flow rate rather than concentration. Summer was least important, contributing only 7-8% of the annual export of water, DP, and NO sub(3)-N. The NO sub(3)-N concentrations were the lowest for the baseflow (5.36 mg/l) and the highest for the elevated baseflow (7.12 mg/l) across seasons. More of the NO sub(3)-N export was in non-stormflow than stormflow and occurred mostly in winter and spring. One 50-year return period storm event generated a substantial portion (9%) of the DP exported for the 12-year period of the record, but had much less impact on water (2%) and NO sub(3)-N (I%) export. P management and control decisions for watersheds need to be developed in a storm-based, source-area framework, whereas N management and control decisions depend more on managing and balancing N use over the watershed. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Pionke, H B AU - Gburek, W J AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Elwinger, G F AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, hxp4@psu.edu Y1 - 1999/07/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 26 SP - 62 EP - 73 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 220 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Seasonality KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Eutrophication KW - Base Flow KW - Streamflow KW - Nutrients KW - Decision Making KW - Watersheds KW - Storm Water KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Water Quality Control KW - Discharge Measurement KW - Agricultural runoff KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09181:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17366998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+flow%2C+nutrient+concentrations+and+loading+patterns+in+stream+flow+draining+an+agricultural+hill-land+watershed&rft.au=Pionke%2C+H+B%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BElwinger%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Pionke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-07-26&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2899%2900064-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seasonality; Eutrophication; Nutrients (mineral); Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Storm Water; Seasonal Variations; Base Flow; Nutrients; Streamflow; Decision Making; Water Quality Control; Discharge Measurement DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00064-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological genetics of seed germination regulation in Bromus tectorum L. AN - 17300779; 4568517 AB - The probability that a seed will germinate depends on factors associated with genotype, maturation environment, post-maturation history, and germination environment. In this study, we examined the interaction among these sets of factors for 18 inbred lines from six populations of Bromus tectorum L., a winter annual grass that is an important weed in the semi-arid western United States. Seeds of this species are at least conditionally dormant at dispersal and become germinable through dry-afterripening under summer conditions. Populations and inbred lines of B. tectorum possess contrasting dormancy patterns. Seeds of each inbred line were produced in a greenhouse under one of three levels of maturation water stress, then subjected to immediate incubation under five incubation regimes or to dry storage at 20 degree C for 4 weeks, 12 weeks, or 1 year. Dry-stored seeds were subsequently placed in incubation at 20/30 degree C. Narrow-sense heritability estimates based on parent-offspring regressions for germination percentage of recently harvested seeds at each incubation temperature were high (0.518-0.993). Germination percentage increased with increasing water stress overall, but there were strong interactions with inbred line and incubation temperature. Inbred lines whose seeds were non-dormant over the full range of incubation temperatures when produced at low maturation water stress showed reaction norms characterized by little or no change as a function of increasing stress. For inbred lines whose dormancy status varied with incubation temperature, incubation treatments where seeds exhibited either very low or very high levels of dormancy showed the least change in response to maturation water stress. Inbred lines also varied in their pattern of dormancy loss during storage at 20 degree C, but maturation water stress had only a minor effect on this pattern. For fully afterripened seeds (1 year in storage at 20 degree C), inbred line and maturation water stress effects were no longer evident, indicating that differences in genotype and maturation environment function mainly to regulate dormancy and dormancy loss in B. tectorum, rather than to mediate response patterns of non-dormant seeds. JF - Oecologia AU - Meyer, SE AU - Allen, P S AD - USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, 735 N. 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA, semeyer@sisna.com Y1 - 1999/07/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 19 SP - 35 EP - 43 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Genotype-environment interactions KW - Genetic analysis KW - Seed germination KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Dormancy KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17300779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Ecological+genetics+of+seed+germination+regulation+in+Bromus+tectorum+L.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BAllen%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1999-07-19&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; Dormancy; Seed germination; Genotype-environment interactions; Genetic analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oropharyngeal dysfunction and gastroesophageal dysmotility are present in girls and women with Rett syndrome. AN - 85265238; pmid-10400100 AB - BACKGROUND: Feeding impairment frequently complicates the course of children with neurologic disorders and places them at risk for malnutrition and growth failure. Although feeding abnormalities have been reported in female patients with Rett syndrome, the mechanisms that account for these findings have not been elucidated fully. This study was designed to characterize the clinical features of oropharyngeal and gastroesophageal dysfunction and their impact on the dietary intake and nutritional status of female subjects with Rett syndrome. METHODS: The clinical features of oropharyngeal and gastroesophageal dysfunction in 13 female patients with Rett syndrome, (age range, 3.7 to 25.7 years) were characterized by an oral feeding assessment, swallowing function study, and upper gastrointestinal series. Growth, nutritional status, and body composition were determined by stadiometry and anthropometry. Dietary intakes were determined from 3-day food records. RESULTS: Oropharyngeal dysfunction and gastroesophageal dysmotility were present in 100% and 69%, respectively, of the study patients with Rett syndrome. The scope and severity of these abnormalities were apparent only by videofluoroscopy. Abnormalities of oropharyngeal function included poor tongue mobility, reduced oropharyngeal clearance, and laryngeal penetration of liquids and solid food during swallowing. Esophageal dysmotility included absent primary or secondary waves, delayed emptying, atony, the presence of tertiary waves, spasm, and gastroesophageal reflux. Gastric dysmotility included diminished peristalsis or atony. Lower dietary energy intakes were associated with persistence of residue in the valleculae and pyriform sinuses and less body fat. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysfunction and gastroesophageal dysmotility warrants early diagnostic evaluation and intervention strategies to improve the nutritional status of girls and women with RS. JF - Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition AU - Motil, K J AU - Schultz, R J AU - Browning, K AU - Trautwein, L AU - Glaze, D G AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 31 EP - 37 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0277-2116, 0277-2116 KW - Esophageal Motility Disorders KW - Rett Syndrome KW - Oropharynx KW - Gastric Emptying KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Human KW - Adult KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Energy Intake KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Deglutition KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Nutritional Status UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85265238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pediatric+Gastroenterology+and+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Oropharyngeal+dysfunction+and+gastroesophageal+dysmotility+are+present+in+girls+and+women+with+Rett+syndrome.&rft.au=Motil%2C+K+J%3BSchultz%2C+R+J%3BBrowning%2C+K%3BTrautwein%2C+L%3BGlaze%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Motil&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Pediatric+Gastroenterology+and+Nutrition&rft.issn=02772116&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A looking glass perspective: thalidomide and cyclopamine. AN - 70830601; 10512190 AB - Numerous naturally-occurring and synthetic compounds that were discovered initially because of their toxic properties, were later shown to possess biological activities beneficial to humans that enabled them to serve as templates for the development of useful medicinal agents. A prominent example is thalidomide, a synthetic drug that gained notoriety originally due to its catastrophic teratogenicity in humans. The discovery of thalidomide's efficacy in treating several diseases has resulted in the recrudescence of the drug to society's usage. A current example of this phenomenon is the plant teratogen cyclopamine (11-deoxojervine), whose deleterious terata-inducing effects were restricted to grazing animals, but whose recently discovered inhibition of Sonic hedgehog signal transduction has provided both the potential to increase our understanding of organogenesis and to serve as a lead compound in drug development. JF - Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) AU - Gaffield, W AU - Incardona, J P AU - Kapur, R P AU - Roelink, H AD - Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany CA 94710, USA. wg@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 579 EP - 588 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0145-5680, 0145-5680 KW - Hedgehog Proteins KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Proteins KW - SHH protein, human KW - Teratogens KW - Trans-Activators KW - Veratrum Alkaloids KW - Thalidomide KW - 4Z8R6ORS6L KW - cyclopamine KW - ZH658AJ192 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Bioethics KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- chemistry KW - Signal Transduction KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Teratogens -- pharmacology KW - Teratogens -- chemistry KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Thalidomide -- chemistry KW - Thalidomide -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70830601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.atitle=A+looking+glass+perspective%3A+thalidomide+and+cyclopamine.&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BIncardona%2C+J+P%3BKapur%2C+R+P%3BRoelink%2C+H&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.issn=01455680&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The absence of cecal colonization of chicks by a mutant of Campylobacter jejuni not expressing bacterial fibronectin-binding protein. AN - 70047074; 10494431 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. Infections with C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli are frequently acquired by eating undercooked chicken. The ability of C. jejuni to become established in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens is believed to involve binding of the bacterium to the gastrointestinal surface. A 37-kD outer membrane protein, termed CadF, has been described that facilitates the binding of Campylobacter to fibronectin. This study was conducted to determine whether the CadF protein is required for C. jejuni to colonize the cecum of newly hatched chicks. Day-of-hatch chicks were orally challenged with C. jejuni F38011, a human clinical isolate, or challenged with a mutant in which the cadF gene was disrupted via homologous recombination with a suicide vector. This method of mutagenesis targets a predetermined DNA sequence and does not produce random mutations in unrelated genes. The parental C. jejuni F38011 readily colonized the cecum of newly hatched chicks. In contrast, the cadF mutant was not recovered from any of 60 chicks challenged, indicating that disruption of the cadF gene renders C. jejuni incapable of colonizing the cecum. CadF protein appears to be required for the colonization of newly hatched leghorn chickens. JF - Avian diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Young, C R AU - Stanker, L H AU - Hume, M E AU - Konkel, M E AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 586 EP - 589 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - 0 KW - CadF protein, Campylobacter jejuni KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Fibronectins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Bacterial Adhesion KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- genetics KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Fibronectins -- metabolism KW - Cecum -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70047074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=The+absence+of+cecal+colonization+of+chicks+by+a+mutant+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+not+expressing+bacterial+fibronectin-binding+protein.&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BYoung%2C+C+R%3BStanker%2C+L+H%3BHume%2C+M+E%3BKonkel%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of induced molting on heterophil function in White Leghorn hens. AN - 70044211; 10494425 AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of induced molt on basal functional activities of heterophils from aging hens. For this purpose, heterophils from both molted and unmolted hens were examined by in vitro bioassays for functional responsiveness and efficiency. We evaluated the ability of the heterophils to migrate to chemotactic stimuli, phagocytize opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella-enteritidis (SE), and generate an oxidative burst in response to inflammatory agonists. A significant (P < 0.001) heterophilia was found in the molted hens within 2 days after feed withdrawal and remained throughout the length of the experimental feed withdrawal period. No significant differences were found in the random migration of heterophils from either group. The chemotactic movement of heterophils from molted hens was not affected until 8 days after feed withdrawal when compared with heterophil chemotaxis from unmolted hens. A significant decrease in chemotaxis by the heterophils from molted hens was observed days 8-12 after feed withdrawal (P < 0.05). Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer heterophils from molted hens were able to phagocytize opsonized (59% vs. 38%) and nonopsonized (26% vs. 15%) SE within 2 days after feed withdrawal. Likewise, significantly (P < 0.05) fewer bacteria were phagocytized per heterophil from the molted hens when compared with the number of bacteria per heterophil from the unmolted hens. The oxidative burst of heterophils stimulated by either opsonized zymosan A or phorbol myristate acetate of heterophils from molted hens was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when compared with that generated by heterophils from the unmolted hens. These results indicate that feed withdrawal to induce molt alters the number and function of peripheral blood heterophils. This decreased efficiency of heterophil functional activity appears to play a role in the increased susceptibility of molting hens to SE infections. JF - Avian diseases AU - Kogut, M H AU - Genovese, K J AU - Stanker, L H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 538 EP - 548 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Respiratory Burst KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Chemotaxis, Leukocyte KW - Aging -- blood KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Female KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Leukocytes -- physiology KW - Molting -- physiology KW - Leukocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70044211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+induced+molting+on+heterophil+function+in+White+Leghorn+hens.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BStanker%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TRI12, a trichothecene efflux pump from Fusarium sporotrichioides: gene isolation and expression in yeast. AN - 70034932; 10485289 AB - Many of the genes involved in trichothecene toxin biosynthesis in Fusarium sporotrichioides are present within a gene cluster. Here we report the complete sequence for TRI12, a gene encoding a trichothecene efflux pump that is located within the trichothecene gene cluster of F. sporotrichioides. TRI12 encodes a putative polypeptide of 598 residues with sequence similarities to members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and is predicted to contain 14 transmembrane-spanning segments. Disruption of TRI12 results in both reduced growth on complex media and reduced levels of trichothecene production. Growth of tri12 mutants on trichothecene-containing media is inhibited, suggesting that TRI12 may play a role in F. sporotrichioides self-protection against trichothecenes. Functional analysis of TRI12 was performed by expressing it in yeast strains that were co-transformed with a gene (TRI3) encoding a trichothecene 15-O-acetyltransferase. In the presence of the TRI3 substrate, 15-decalonectrin, cultures of yeast strains carrying TRI12 and TRI3 accumulated much higher levels of the acetylated product, calonectrin, than was observed for strains carrying TRI3 alone. PDR5, a transporter of the ABC superfamily, which is known to mediate trichothecene resistance in yeast, increased calonectrin accumulation in TRI12/TRI3 yeast strains but not in TRI3 strains. These results confirm the involvement of TRI12 in the trichothecene efflux associated with toxin biosynthesis, and demonstrate the usefulness of yeast as a host system for studies of MFS-type transporters. JF - Molecular & general genetics : MGG AU - Alexander, N J AU - McCormick, S P AU - Hohn, T M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 977 EP - 984 VL - 261 IS - 6 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - TRI102 protein, Gibberella zeae KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70034932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=TRI12%2C+a+trichothecene+efflux+pump+from+Fusarium+sporotrichioides%3A+gene+isolation+and+expression+in+yeast.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+N+J%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne infections during pregnancy. AN - 69910592; 10419281 AB - The consequences of foodborne illness can be particularly devastating during pregnancy because both the woman and her fetus are at risk. Escalated production of progesterone during pregnancy leads to down-regulation of cellular (cell-mediated) immune functions. Many foodborne pathogens (and other pathogens) are intracellular pathogens, and infections caused by these pathogens are controlled by cell-mediated immunity. The pregnancy-induced decrease in cell-mediated immune functions leads to increased susceptibility of the pregnant woman to certain infections. Hepatitis E virus, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular pathogens that have a predilection for the maternal-fetal unit and may induce serious disease in the mother and/or fetus. In the United States, T. gondii and L. monocytogenes are the most important foodborne pathogens in pregnancy, and these organisms can induce death or grave disease in the fetus and newborn. The pregnant woman, in order to protect herself and her fetus from the consequences of foodborne illness, must practice a high standard of food hygiene and personal cleanliness. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Smith, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. jsmith@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 818 EP - 829 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Listeriosis -- complications KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- complications KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69910592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Foodborne+infections+during+pregnancy.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of commercial equine tetanus antitoxin by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 69868521; 10397316 AB - In the USA, the potency of commercially prepared equine tetanus antitoxin is determined by the method outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Part 113.451. In the current test, commercial equine tetanus antitoxin is tested by a toxin neutralization test in guinea pigs. The in vivo test measures antitoxin content through effectiveness of protection of guinea pigs injected with diluted mixtures of antitoxin and a standard toxin. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, designed as an in vitro alternative to the in vivo test, measures antitoxin content based on a competitive reaction between standard or unknown serum and murine monoclonal antibody specific for tetanus toxin. The monoclonal antibody used in the assay delayed death in mouse passive protection studies and reacted with the C fragment of tetanus toxin. No cross-reaction was observed when the antibody was tested with the toxins of Clostridium chauvoei, C. novyi, C. perfringens, or C. sordellii. The in vitro test will measure the antitoxin content of serum samples containing 100-1500 units of antitoxin. Tetanus antitoxin titers obtained by the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared favorably with the toxin neutralization test conducted in guinea pigs. The in vitro assay serves as a feasible alternative to the in vivo test because it can be completed in less time, is reproducible, and eliminates the use of test animals. JF - FEMS immunology and medical microbiology AU - Kolbe, D R AU - Clough, N E AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Center for Veterinary Biologics-Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA. donald.r.kolbe@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - 0 KW - Tetanus Antitoxin KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - tetanus toxin fragment C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Horses KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Tetanus Toxin -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Clostridium -- immunology KW - Tetanus Antitoxin -- immunology KW - Peptide Fragments -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69868521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+commercial+equine+tetanus+antitoxin+by+competitive+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Kolbe%2C+D+R%3BClough%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Kolbe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+immunology+and+medical+microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilization of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine as the beta-cyclodextrin adduct. AN - 69275562; 10552584 AB - Stabilization of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine (CPTH) on rice baits by pseudo latex polymeric coating and beta-cyclodextin inclusion was investigated. When CPTH-treated rice baits were exposed to sunlight, the CPTH formed colored compounds, which exacerbated problems with bait acceptance and efficacy. Fluidized bed coating with controlled-release polymeric psuedo latexes (RS, RL, NE) reduced CPTH loss but did not eliminate color formation. Enteric pseudo latex coatings (CAP and 4110) gave mixed results. Coating 4110 reduced CPTH loss but still allowed color formation, whereas CAP allowed more CPTH loss than any other coating as well as increased color formation. Inclusion in beta-cyclodextrin (molar ratio 1:1) led to enhanced retention of CPTH and minimal color formation. The CPT/beta-cyclodextrin adduct increased retention of CPTH from 43 to 70% upon simulated weathering. The retention was independent of the adhesives used for attachment. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Hurley, J C AU - Volz, S A AU - Johnston, J J AD - APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 4101 West La Porte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. Jerome.C.Hurley@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2904 EP - 2907 VL - 47 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Cyclodextrins KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Toluidines KW - beta-Cyclodextrins KW - starlicide KW - 95-74-9 KW - betadex KW - JV039JZZ3A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Toluidines -- chemistry KW - Cyclodextrins -- chemistry KW - Birds KW - Pest Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69275562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Stabilization+of+the+avicide+3-chloro-p-toluidine+as+the+beta-cyclodextrin+adduct.&rft.au=Hurley%2C+J+C%3BVolz%2C+S+A%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2904&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stability of natural and randomized high-palmitic-and high-stearic-acid oils from genetically modified soybean varieties AN - 21322964; 12034285 AB - The oxidative stability of soybean oil triacylglycerols (TAG) obtained from genetically modified soybeans was determined before and after chemical randomization. Soybean oil oxidative studies were carried out under static oxygen headspace at 60°C in the dark and oxidative deterioration was monitored by peroxide value, monometric and oligomeric oxidation products, and volatile compounds. Randomization of the soybean oil TAG improved the oxidative stability compared to the natural soybean oil TAG. Oxidative stability was improved by three factors. Factor one was the genetic modification of the fatty acid composition in which polyunsaturated acids (such as linolenic and linoleic acids) were decreased and in which monounsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic) and saturated acids (palmitic and stearic) were increased. Factor two was the TAG compositional modification with a decrease in linolenic and linoleic-containing TAG and an increase in TAG with stearic and palmitic acids in combination with oleic acid. Factor three was the TAG structure modification accomplished by an increase in saturated fatty acids and a decrease in linoleic and linolenic acids at the glycerol moiety carbon 2. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Neff, William E AU - List, Gary R AD - Food Quality and Safety Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, IL, neffwe@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 825 EP - 831 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Linolenic acid KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Oils KW - Soybeans KW - Oxygen KW - Glycerol KW - Carbon KW - Volatiles KW - Palmitic acid KW - Triglycerides KW - Acids KW - Headspace KW - Oxidation KW - Fatty acids KW - peroxide KW - Oleic acid KW - Linoleic acid KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21322964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stability+of+natural+and+randomized+high-palmitic-and+high-stearic-acid+oils+from+genetically+modified+soybean+varieties&rft.au=Neff%2C+William+E%3BList%2C+Gary+R&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-999-0072-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linolenic acid; Fatty acid composition; Oils; Soybeans; Oxygen; Carbon; Glycerol; Volatiles; Acids; Triglycerides; Palmitic acid; Oxidation; Headspace; Fatty acids; peroxide; Oleic acid; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0072-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using remote sensing and spatial information technologies to detect and map two aquatic macrophytes AN - 17680105; 4766168 AB - This paper describes the light reflectance characteristics of waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mort.) Solms] and hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L. F.) Royle] and the application of airborne videography with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for distinguishing and mapping the distribution of these two aquatic weeds in waterways of southern Texas. Field reflectance measurements made at several locations showed that waterhyacinth generally had higher near-infrared (NIR) reflectance than associated plant species and water. Hydrilla had lower NIR reflectance than associated plant species and higher NIR reflectance than water. Reflectance measurements made on hydrilla plants submerged below the water surface had similar spectral characteristics to water. Waterhyacinth and hydrilla could be distinguished in color-infrared (CIR) video imagery where they had bright orange-red and reddish-brown image responses, respectively. Computer analysis of the imagery showed that waterhyacinth and hydrilla infestations could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed an overall accuracy of 87.7%. Integration of the GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude/longitude coordinates of waterhyacinth and hydrilla infestations to be recorded on each image. A portion of the Rio Grande River in extreme southern Texas was flown with the video system to detect waterhyacinth and hydrilla infestations. The GPS coordinates on the CIR video scenes depicting waterhyacinth and hydrilla infestations were entered into a GIS to map the distribution of these two noxious weeds in the Rio Grande River. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Escobar, DE AU - Webster, C F AU - Lonard, R I AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA/ARS Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 71 EP - 80 VL - 37 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - USA, Texas, Rio Grande R. KW - ecological distribution KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Weeds KW - Aquatic Weeds KW - Remote sensing KW - Aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Eichhornia crassipes KW - Water Hyacinth KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Macrophytes KW - Vegetation cover KW - Assessments KW - Quantitative Analysis KW - Waterways KW - Mapping KW - Geographical reference systems KW - Position fixing KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17680105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Using+remote+sensing+and+spatial+information+technologies+to+detect+and+map+two+aquatic+macrophytes&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BWebster%2C+C+F%3BLonard%2C+R+I%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Weeds; Aquatic plants; Remote sensing; Position fixing; Geographical reference systems; Mapping; Remote Sensing; Macrophytes; Aquatic Weeds; Assessments; Quantitative Analysis; Waterways; Water Hyacinth; Geographical Information Systems; Eichhornia crassipes; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in chemical composition of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and water temperature at two sites in northern California: Implications for herbivory AN - 17676907; 4766166 AB - We compared seasonal changes in Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) characteristics and water temperature for a shallow pond in Davis, CA, and the Truckee River, near Tahoe City, CA. Tissue C and N were 15% lower in plants from the Truckee River than in plants from the Davis pond. Seasonal fluctuations in tissue N were also different. Mean phenolic acid content of Truckee River plants (162 mu M g super(-1)) was less than those from the shallow pond (195 mu M g super(-1)). Phenolic acid content was positively related to tissue C for Truckee River and Davis pond plants and, tissue C:N ratio for Truckee River plants. Mean monthly water temperature (1990 to 1998) for the Truckee River site was less than 20 C. Water temperatures were warmer in August and September at this site. However, Eurasian watermilfoil collected during these months was characterized by lower levels of tissue N. During a 29-month period beginning January 1994, mean monthly water temperature for the Davis pond exceeded 20 C, only during July to September 1995. Tissue N was generally greater during summer for watermilfoil growing in the pond. These results imply that Eurasian watermilfoil biological control agents may have different developmental rates in these habitats, and thus different impacts on watermilfoil populations. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weed Research Unit, Weed Science Program--Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 61 EP - 66 VL - 37 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Myriophyllum spicatum KW - USA, California, Davis KW - USA, California, Truckee R. KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Temperature effects KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Chemical composition KW - Water Temperature KW - Organic Acids KW - Freshwater environments KW - Water quality measurements KW - Temperature KW - Aquatic plants KW - Shallow Water KW - Tissue Analysis KW - Ponds KW - Aquatic Plants KW - USA, California KW - Chemical Composition KW - Fluctuations KW - Seasonal variations KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Seasonal+changes+in+chemical+composition+of+Eurasian+watermilfoil+%28Myriophyllum+spicatum+L.%29+and+water+temperature+at+two+sites+in+northern+California%3A+Implications+for+herbivory&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Chemical composition; Seasonal variations; Biological control; Freshwater environments; Water quality measurements; Aquatic plants; Temperature; Seasonal Variations; Aquatic Plants; Organic Acids; Water Temperature; Chemical Composition; Tissue Analysis; Fluctuations; Shallow Water; Ponds; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of dilute acetic acid treatments on survival of monoecious hydrilla tubers in the Oregon House Canal, California AN - 17626808; 4766167 AB - Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), a serious aquatic weed, reproduces through formation of underground tubers. To date, attacking this life-cycle stage has been problematic. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of exposure to dilute acetic acid on monoecious hydrilla tubers under field conditions. In this field experiment, treatments were acetic acid concentration (0, 2.5, or 5%) and sediment condition (perforated or not perforated). Each of 60, 1 x 1 m plots (in the Oregon House Canal) were randomly assigned to one treatment. Two weeks after treatment, we collected three samples from each plot. One was washed over 2 mm wire mesh screens to separate tubers from sediment. Relative electrolyte leakage was measured for one tuber from each plot. Five additional tubers from each plot were placed in a growth chamber and sprouting monitored for four weeks. A second sample from each plot was placed in a plastic tub and placed in an outdoor tank, filled with water. These samples were monitored for tuber sprouting. Relative electrolyte leakage increased significantly for tubers exposed to 2.5 or 5% acetic acid. Effects on tubers in perforated sediment were reduced. Exposure to acetic acid inhibited tuber sprouting by 80 to 100%, in both the growth chamber and outdoor tests. These results confirm findings from earlier laboratory/greenhouse experiments, and suggest that this approach may be useful in the management of hydrilla tuber banks in habitats where the water level can be lowered to expose the sediments. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weed Research Unit, Weed Science Program, Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 67 EP - 71 VL - 37 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - USA, California, Oregon House Canal KW - acetic acid KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Organic acids KW - Chemical control KW - Aquatic Weed Control KW - Field Tests KW - Water Level KW - Inhibition KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Plant control KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - USA, California KW - Population Exposure KW - Monitoring KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17626808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+dilute+acetic+acid+treatments+on+survival+of+monoecious+hydrilla+tubers+in+the+Oregon+House+Canal%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant control; Organic acids; Chemical control; Freshwater weeds; Experimental Data; Aquatic Habitats; Aquatic Weed Control; Water Level; Field Tests; Inhibition; Monitoring; Population Exposure; Acetic Acid; Hydrilla verticillata; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobility of arsenic in soil from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal area AN - 17589695; 4619972 AB - From 1942 to the early 1980s, Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a superfund site northeast of Denver in central Colorado, served as a facility for the development, manufacture, and disposal of toxic organic and inorganic chemicals including US Army surety agents (including nerve gas and blistering agents), munitions, propellants, and pesticides. Arsenic (As) in the form of Lewisite (blistering agent), arsenic trioxide (herbicide), trisodium arsenate, and arsenic trichloride (process intermediate) was present in extremely large quantities at RMA's South Plants Processing Area. Even though current cleanup efforts are likely to remove the vast majority of As presently polluting the soil and groundwater, there is still a future potential threat for the movement of residual levels of As into groundwater supplies. The distribution and movement of As were monitored over a 2.5-year period to evaluate the threat to groundwater by low levels of As. Because of access restrictions to RMA, an off-site meso-scale (0.6 m diameter by 1.83 m in height) weighing lysimeter study was conducted using excavated soil (i.e., Ascalon sandy clay loam) associated with As contamination at RMA's South Plants Processing Area. The long-term study revealed the persistence of As under aerobic soil conditions, and a limited, but perceptible, mobility of As (0.87% of the total applied As drained beyond 1.5 m) resulting from interacting physical, chemical, and biological factors. Results suggest that even though the movement of As is significantly retarded due to adsorptive processes, preferential flow and chemical factors (i,e,, pH and redox potential) can mobilize As at point locations above permissible levels, if precautionary measures are not taken. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Corwin, D L AU - David, A AU - Goldberg, S AD - USDA-ARS, US Salinity Laboratory 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 35 EP - 58 VL - 39 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Rocky Mountain Arsenal KW - USA, Colorado KW - mobility KW - munitions KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Historical account KW - Arsenic KW - Leaching KW - Soil Contamination KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Pollution clean-up KW - Superfund KW - Military operations KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Soil contamination KW - USA, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Arsenal KW - Cleanup KW - Weapons KW - Hazardous materials KW - Soils KW - Lysimeters KW - Hydrology KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Military KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17589695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Mobility+of+arsenic+in+soil+from+the+Rocky+Mountain+Arsenal+area&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BDavid%2C+A%3BGoldberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2899%2900035-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Leaching; Hazardous materials; Military operations; Soils; Groundwater pollution; Risk assessment; Historical account; Weapons; Pollution clean-up; Superfund; Hydrology; Soil contamination; Military; Soil Contamination; Water Pollution Sources; Lysimeters; Groundwater Pollution; Cleanup; USA, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Arsenal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00035-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting toxicity of ferulate towards the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria cf chalybea AN - 17579603; 4647866 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of ferulate and its analogs, and factors which may affect the toxicity of ferulate to Oscillatoria cf chalybea, the cyanobacterium presumed to cause musty flavor in farm-raised catfish. Rapid bioassays utilizing 96-well and six-well cell culture plates were used to monitor the toxicity of ferulate analogs and potential ferulate stability factors toward O cf chalybea. The additions of low concentrations of the oxidizing compound sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate with ferulate did not help control O cf. chalybea. Of three forms of ferulate tested, trans-ferulate was most toxic towards O cf chalybea. Light enhanced the toxicity of ferulate, indicating that weather conditions and the time of day could influence the success of ferulate applications to fish ponds to control O cf chalybea. Ferulate was less toxic to O cf chalybea in six-well culture plates than in 96-well plates, indicating that higher concentrations of ferulate should be used in field trials, due to possible reduction of ferulate toxicity towards O cf chalybea in large, aquatic environments (ie fish ponds). These studies provided fundamental information on potential ferulate toxicity towards O cf chalybea to be considered before conducting field trials (ferulate applications to fish ponds). JF - Pesticide Science AU - Schrader, K K AU - Rimando, A M AU - Tucker, C S AU - Duke, SO AD - USDA, ARS, NPURU, School of Pharmacy, PO Box 8048, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38667, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 726 EP - 732 VL - 55 IS - 7 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - Bullhead catfish KW - Bullhead catfishes KW - North american freshwater catfishes KW - Oscillatoria chalybea KW - cyanobacteria KW - ferulate KW - ferulic acid KW - musty flavor KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Field Tests KW - Aquaculture KW - Toxicity tests KW - Bioassay KW - Off flavor KW - Oscillatoria KW - Fish culture KW - Bacteria KW - Ictaluridae KW - Chemical control KW - Fish Ponds KW - Toxicity KW - Taints KW - Taste KW - Light effects KW - Bioassays KW - Plant control KW - Pesticides KW - Catfish KW - Monitoring KW - Cyanophyta KW - Toxicity testing KW - Fish ponds KW - R 18122:Taints & off-flavors KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+toxicity+of+ferulate+towards+the+cyanobacterium+Oscillatoria+cf+chalybea&rft.au=Schrader%2C+K+K%3BRimando%2C+A+M%3BTucker%2C+C+S%3BDuke%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9063%28199907%2955%3A73.3.CO%3B2-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant control; Chemical control; Taste; Toxicity tests; Fish culture; Fish ponds; Light effects; Taints; Toxicity; Off flavor; Monitoring; Aquaculture; Aquatic organisms; Bioassays; Pesticides; Toxicity testing; Bacteria; Field Tests; Fish Ponds; Catfish; Oscillatoria; Bioassay; Ictaluridae; Cyanophyta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199907)55:7<726::AID-PS13>3.3.CO;2-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a model of natural infection with Mycobacterium bovis in white-tailed deer AN - 17480161; 4676784 AB - The objective of this study was to develop a suitable experimental model of natural Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), describe the distribution and character of tuberculous lesions, and to examine possible routes of disease transmission. In October 1997, 10 mature female white-tailed deer were inoculated by intratonsilar instillation of 2 x 10 super(3) (low dose) or 2 x 10 super(5) (high dose) colony forming units (CFU) of M. bovis. In January 1998, deer were euthanatized, examined, and tissues were collected 84 to 87 days post inoculation. Possible routes of disease transmission were evaluated by culture of nasal, oral, tonsilar, and rectal swabs at various times during the study. Gross and microscopic lesions consistent with tuberculosis were most commonly seen in medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes and lung in both dosage groups. Other tissues containing tuberculous lesions included tonsil, trachea, liver, and kidney as well as lateral retropharyngeal, mandibular, parotid, tracheobronchial, mediastinal, hepatic, mesenteric, superficial cervical, and iliac lymph nodes. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from tonsilar swabs from 8 of 9 deer from both dosage groups at least once 14 to 87 days after inoculation. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from oral swabs 63 and 80 days after inoculation from one of three deer in the low dose group and none of four deer in the high dose group. Similarly, M. bovis was isolated from nasal swabs 80 and 85 days after inoculation in one of three deer from the low dose group and 63 and 80 days after inoculation from two of four deer in the high dose group. Intratonsilar inoculation with M. bovis results in lesions similar to those seen in naturally infected white-tailed deer; therefore, it represents a suitable model of natural infection. These results also indicate that M. bovis persists in tonsilar crypts for prolonged periods and can be shed in saliva and nasal secretions. These infected fluids represent a likely route of disease transmission to other animals or humans. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whipple, D L AU - Olsen, S C AD - Zoonotic Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA, mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 450 EP - 457 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Tonsil KW - Nasal infection KW - Animal models KW - Saliva KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Isolation KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+model+of+natural+infection+with+Mycobacterium+bovis+in+white-tailed+deer&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BOlsen%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus; Disease transmission; Animal models; Isolation; Tonsil; Saliva; Nasal infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Bacillus subtilis clades associated with strains 168 and W23: a proposal for Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis subsp. nov. and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii subsp. nov AN - 17464896; 4669586 AB - Earlier phylogenetic studies based on the inferred DNA sequences of the polC, rpoB and gyrA genes suggested that strains of the species Bacillus subtilis formed two clusters, indicating the presence two closely related taxa; one contained the laboratory strain 168 and the other the laboratory strain W23. Significant sexual isolation was found between strain 168 and members of the group containing W23, but no sexual isolation was observed between strain 168 and other members of the 168 group. DNA reassociation between the two groups ranged from 58 to 69% and intragroup DNA relatedness ranged from 82 to 100%. Because group 168 strains were highly related to the B. subtilis type strain, they were considered to be bona fide members of the species. About 99.5% sequence identity was observed between the 16S rRNA genes of the 168 and W23 groups. Ribitol and anhydroribitol were principal cell wall constituents of the W23 but not of the 168 group. These observations revealed two closely related but genetically and phenotypically distinct groups within B. subtilis that correspond to two historically important strains. Subspecies distinction is proposed for the 168 and W23 groups, with the names Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis subsp. nov. and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii subsp, nov., respectively. The type strain of the former is NRRL NRS-744(T) and the latter NRRL B-23049(T). JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Nakamura, L K AU - Roberts AU - Cohan, F M AD - Microbial Properties Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 1211 EP - 1215 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Phylogeny KW - Geographical distribution KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Taxonomic revision KW - Bacillus subtilis spizizenii KW - Anatomy KW - RNA KW - DNA KW - Chemotaxonomy KW - Taxonomy KW - rRNA 16S KW - Phylogenetics KW - Bacillus subtilis subtilis KW - Cell walls KW - New species KW - Q1 08203:Taxonomy and morphology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Bacillus+subtilis+clades+associated+with+strains+168+and+W23%3A+a+proposal+for+Bacillus+subtilis+subsp.+subtilis+subsp.+nov.+and+Bacillus+subtilis+subsp.+spizizenii+subsp.+nov&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+L+K%3BRoberts%3BCohan%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geographical distribution; RNA; Chemotaxonomy; Phylogenetics; Anatomy; New species; Phylogeny; DNA; Taxonomic revision; Taxonomy; rRNA 16S; Cell walls; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus subtilis spizizenii; Bacillus subtilis subtilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snow cover, frost depth, and soil water across a prairie pothole landscape AN - 17455305; 4659264 AB - The prairie pothole is an important hydrologic component of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Snow cover and frozen soil affect runoff and soil water recharge, but little is known about their temporal and spatial characteristics across a prairie pothole. A 2-ha prairie pothole near Morris, MN was instrumented to assess snow cover, soil water, and frost depth at 11 locations across two transects that traversed the major and minor axes. Measurements were made over three winters beginning in 1990. Snow cover was deepest on the leeward side of a ridge located on the NW end of the major axis and shallowest and least variable in the bottom of the depression. Maximum rate of descent of the freezing front in the soil approached 25 mm d super(-1) whereas maximum depth of soil freezing neared 1.2 m across the experimental site during this study. Rate of soil freezing during the fall was more rapid at positions of higher elevation and with thinner snow cover. Elevation and snow cover accounted for as much as 56% of the variability in rate of soil freezing across the site. Snow cover accounted for as much as 46% of the variation in maximum frost penetration; penetration was deepest at positions with the least snow cover. Thawing of the soil profile was most rapid in the bottom of the depression and appeared to be accentuated by infiltration of surface water through localized unfrozen soil pores or cracks. Maximum surface thaw rate approached 40 mm d super(-1). Soil water recharge occurred during spring snowmelt, but snow cover accounted for <20% of the variation in recharge. This study suggests that topographic features across a prairie pothole can influence snow cover and, therefore, frost depth. Thickness of snow cover, however, has little influence on positional soil water recharge within a pothole during snowmelt because frozen soil can impede infiltration and enhance runoff. JF - Soil Science AU - Sharratt, B AU - Benoit, G AU - Daniel, J AU - Staricka, J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Central Soil Conservation Laboratory, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA, bsharratt@info-link.net Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 483 EP - 492 VL - 164 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - North America, Prairie Pothole Region KW - USA, Minnesota, Morris KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Frost KW - Freezing KW - Snow Cover KW - Soil Water KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Potholes KW - Prairies KW - Snowmelt KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Soil Profile KW - Topography KW - Temporal Distribution KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Snow+cover%2C+frost+depth%2C+and+soil+water+across+a+prairie+pothole+landscape&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B%3BBenoit%2C+G%3BDaniel%2C+J%3BStaricka%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prairies; Potholes; Snow Cover; Freezing; Soil Water; Frost; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; Topography; Soil Profile; Groundwater Recharge; Snowmelt ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed color avoidance by captive red-winged blackbirds and boat-tailed grackles AN - 17441480; 4658855 AB - Offensive visual stimuli represent a potentially important component of avian crop damage reduction strategies. Color perception by diurnal birds is highly developed, but the responses of the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) to different-colored food have never been investigated. Red-winged blackbirds and boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major) cause substantial damage to newly seeded rice in the southern United States, and the examination of color avoidance by these species should contribute to the development of nonlethal methods to reduce depredations. We used rice seed of various colors to conduct a series of feeding trials with captive blackbirds and grackles. Despite variation among individuals and groups of test birds, blue was the least preferred color overall. Differences among species and among background color might affect responses of birds to a given seed color, but, in general, we suggest that blue should be incorporated into strategies for discouraging unwanted feeding by granivorous birds. In particular, further development of visual deterrents should exploit the ability of blackbirds and other species to detect wavelengths in the near ultraviolet. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Avery, M L AU - Humphrey, J S AU - Decker, D G AU - McGrane, A P AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Florida Field Station, 2820 East University Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32641, USA, dwre-ffs@afn.org Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Red-winged blackbird KW - Boat-tailed grackle KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Seeds KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Coloration KW - Quiscalus major KW - D 04700:Management KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17441480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Seed+color+avoidance+by+captive+red-winged+blackbirds+and+boat-tailed+grackles&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L%3BHumphrey%2C+J+S%3BDecker%2C+D+G%3BMcGrane%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; Quiscalus major; Seeds; Coloration; Avoidance behavior; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biases in bird strike statistics based on pilot reports AN - 17440513; 4658854 AB - Collisions between birds and aircraft are a concern because they threaten human safety and result in costly repairs. Most data on bird strikes have been provided by pilots and may be incomplete or biased. To assess whether bird strike statistics derived from pilot reports are biased, we compared the number of pilot-reported bird strikes at a Hawaiian airport during 1990-94 to the number of bird strikes obtained from regular runway searches for dead birds. We documented 526 bird strikes, of which only 25% were reported by pilots. Pilot reporting rates (percentage of all strikes reported by pilots) varied by species involved, number of birds struck, season, time of day, location on the runway during the landing phase, and the bird's mass. Reporting rates were not, however, correlated to size of the bird. Pilot reporting rates were independent of wind speed, wind direction, and percent cloud cover, and reporting rates were similar during landings and takeoffs. We found that bird strike statistics derived from pilot reports were biased. A sole reliance on such data can lead to incorrect conclusions and may cause airports to select inappropriate measures and times to reduce bird strikes. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Linnell, MA AU - Conover, M R AU - Ohashi, T J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services, 720 O'Leary Street, NW, Olympia, WA 98502, USA, mike.a.linnell@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Birds KW - bird strike statistical biases KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Wildlife management KW - Aircraft KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Collisions KW - Statistical analysis KW - Man-induced effects KW - Mortality causes KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17440513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Biases+in+bird+strike+statistics+based+on+pilot+reports&rft.au=Linnell%2C+MA%3BConover%2C+M+R%3BOhashi%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Linnell&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aircraft; Collisions; Statistical analysis; Man-induced effects; Mortality causes; Wildlife management; Aves; USA, Hawaii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dew point temperature and conidium age on germination, germ tube growth and infection of maize and sorghum by Peronosclerospora sorghi AN - 17434544; 4650240 AB - The effect of the environment on the germination, survival and infection of sorghum by conidia of Peronosclerospora sorghi is unknown in Africa. Dew point temperature, and the effect of conidium age was characterized for an isolate of P. sorghi from Zimbabwe. Germination and germ tube growth took place in the range 10-34 degree C (optimal at 10-34 and 20-33 degree , respectively). Infection was optimal at 14-30 degree . Incidence of infection at different temperatures was correlated with germ tube growth (r = 0 times 8, P < 0 times 001). Germination and germ tube growth occurred from 5 h after commencing incubation of infected leaf material, although immature conidia harvested at 3 h caused a low incidence of infection. Plant age also affected the incidence of infection. Container grown sorghum plants older than 20 d, and maize plants older than 15 d were resistant to systemic infection by conidia. The results indicate that germination, germ tube growth and infection take place over a wide temperature range, and that some limited biotypic variation may exist when these data are compared to other reports of the environmental requirements of P. sorghi from the U.S.A. and India. JF - Mycological Research AU - Bock, CH AU - Jeger, MJ AU - Mughogho, L K AU - Cardwell, K F AU - Mtisi, E AD - USDA-ARS-SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 859 EP - 864 VL - 103 IS - 7 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - infection KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Germination KW - Temperature effects KW - Age KW - Zea mays KW - Conidia KW - Peronosclerospora sorghi KW - Sorghum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dew+point+temperature+and+conidium+age+on+germination%2C+germ+tube+growth+and+infection+of+maize+and+sorghum+by+Peronosclerospora+sorghi&rft.au=Bock%2C+CH%3BJeger%2C+MJ%3BMughogho%2C+L+K%3BCardwell%2C+K+F%3BMtisi%2C+E&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0953756298007886 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peronosclerospora sorghi; Zea mays; Sorghum; Temperature effects; Age; Conidia; Germination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756298007886 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery and Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Reconditioned Pork-Processing Wastewater AN - 17412216; 4638139 AB - The pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been recovered from various water sources and food samples. The growth potential of this bacterium in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater from a pork-processing plant was determined over a temperature range of 4 to 46 degree C. Even though the biological oxygen demand of the wastewater was <2 mg/liter, results of bioassays for assimilable organic carbon and the coliform growth response of the water suggested that sufficient nutrients were present to support limited bacterial growth. A three-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 grew over the temperature range of 10.2 to 29.4 degree C. Bioassays appear to be a good indicator of the ability of this wastewater to support growth of this pathogen. Statistically higher levels of bacterial growth (P < 0.05) were detected on a nonselective medium (tryptic soy agar) than on a selective medium (sorbitol-MacConkey agar), suggesting that stress or injury of the bacterium occurs when the organism is exposed to the nutrient-limited conditions of the wastewater. These results indicate that E. coli O157:H7 can survive and grow in this particular nutrient-limited wastewater, suggesting a potential hazard if this water becomes contaminated with this pathogen. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Rice, E W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8598, USA, krajkowski@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 731 EP - 734 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - survival KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Pork KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Waste water KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17412216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Recovery+and+Survival+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Reconditioned+Pork-Processing+Wastewater&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BRice%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Meat; Pork; Waste water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Selective Media to Recover Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae after Growth in Reconditioned Pork-Processing Wastewater AN - 17410955; 4638138 AB - Selective plating media are used for the enumeration and isolation of bacterial pathogens from food and water samples. This study compared the quantitative recovery of Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae grown in nutrient-limited, filter-sterilized, reconditioned wastewater over the temperature range of 4 to 45 degree C using nonselective and pathogen-specific selective media. Viable Salmonella were enumerated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and XLT-4, and viable V. cholerae were enumerated on TSA and thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher recovery of both pathogens over the growth temperature range on TSA compared to the selective media. Trehalose, a stress-induced metabolite of Salmonella, was isolated from the cells grown in the reconditioned wastewater, whereas, the V. cholerae exhibited a change in cellular morphology from rod to coccoid shape. These results suggest that growth in nutrient-limited water injured or stressed the individual pathogens. Care should be used in choosing the procedure and plating medium for quantitative recovery of pathogens from such a nutrient-limiting environment. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Dudley, R L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, krajkowski@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 724 EP - 730 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - isolation KW - enumeration KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Food processing KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Pork KW - Waste water KW - Media (selective) KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17410955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Use+of+Selective+Media+to+Recover+Salmonella+and+Vibrio+cholerae+after+Growth+in+Reconditioned+Pork-Processing+Wastewater&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BDudley%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; Salmonella; Food processing; Waste water; Pork; Media (selective); Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crop yield and the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus following application of plant material and feces to soil AN - 17387853; 4603045 AB - Organic materials are the most important sources of nutrients for agricultural production in farming systems of semi-arid West Africa. However, reliance on locally available organic nutrient sources for both crop and livestock production is rapidly becoming unsustainable. A series of feeding and agronomic trials have been conducted to address the role of livestock in sustainable nutrient cycling. This paper reports results of a greenhouse study that evaluated the effects of applying crop residue and browse leaves, or feces derived from these feeds, at equal organic-N application rates (150 kg ha super(-1)), alone or with fertilizer-N (60 kg ha super(-1)), on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R.Br.) dry matter (DM) yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, on soil nutrients, and on total, labile and recalcitrant fractions of soil organic matter (SOM). Millet DM and cumulative N uptake were most affected by fertilizer-N, followed by plant species and amendment type, although various interactions among these treatments were noted due to variations in the composition of the applied amendments. Fertilizer-N increased total millet DM by 39%, N uptake by 58% and P uptake by 17%, and enhanced N mineralization from most organic amendments, but was applied insufficiently to totally offset N and P immobilization in pots containing leaves of low initial N and P content. Feces alone appeared to supply sufficient N to meet millet-N demands. Nitrogen use efficiency was, in most cases, higher in pots amended with feces than with leaves. Nitrogen in feces apparently mineralized more in synchrony with millet-N demands. Also, the relatively high cell wall content of feces may have provided an effective, temporary sink for fertilizer-N, which upon remineralization provided more N to millet than pots amended with leaves. Whereas most of the P contained in feces mineralized and was taken up by millet, most leaves immobilized P. Assessing the costs and benefits associated with the direct land application of biomass as a soil fertility amendment versus feeding biomass first to livestock then using feces (and urine) to fertilize the soil requires information on both crop and livestock production and associated impacts on nutrient cycling. JF - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems AU - Powell, J M AU - Ikpe, F N AU - Somda, Z C AD - USDA-ARS Dairy Forage Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 215 EP - 226 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 1385-1314, 1385-1314 KW - West Africa KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Soil Amendments KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Phosphorus KW - Mineralization KW - Feces KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Application Rates KW - Cost-benefit Analysis KW - Livestock KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.atitle=Crop+yield+and+the+fate+of+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+following+application+of+plant+material+and+feces+to+soil&rft.au=Powell%2C+J+M%3BIkpe%2C+F+N%3BSomda%2C+Z+C&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.issn=13851314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1009762900258 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Cost-benefit Analysis; Fertilizers; Feces; Mineralization; Cycling Nutrients; Livestock; Soil Organic Matter; Application Rates; Soil Amendments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009762900258 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examination of the Effect of Aphid Vector Population Composition on the Spatial Dynamics of Citrus Tristeza Virus Spread by Stochastic Modeling AN - 17369911; 4573002 AB - Aphid vector species population composition is known to affect the spatial patterns of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and the changes in these patterns over time. However, the biological processes that are associated with virus spread have not been well defined. The spatiotemporal dynamics of CTV were examined using data collected from research plots in the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica, where the brown citrus aphid (BCA), Toxoptera citricida, was the predominant species, and in Florida, where the BCA was absent and the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, was the predominant vector. Data were analyzed using a spatiotemporal stochastic model for disease spread, and parameter values were evaluated using Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic integration methods. Where the melon aphid was the dominant species, the model parameter likelihood values supported the hypothesis that the disease was spread through a combination of random background transmission (transmission originating from inoculum sources outside the plot) and a local interaction (transmission from inoculum sources within the plot) operating over short distances. Conversely, when BCA was present, results often suggested a local shortrange transmission interaction that was not restricted to nearest-neighbor interactions and that the presence of background infection was not necessary to explain the observations. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Gibson, G J AU - Garnsey, S M AU - Irey, M AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, FL 32803, USA, t.r.gott@worldnet.att.net Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 603 EP - 608 VL - 89 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Cotton aphid KW - Melon aphid KW - Homoptera KW - Aphids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - Vector-borne diseases KW - Aphididae KW - Population dynamics KW - Models KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Citrus tristeza virus KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17369911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Examination+of+the+Effect+of+Aphid+Vector+Population+Composition+on+the+Spatial+Dynamics+of+Citrus+Tristeza+Virus+Spread+by+Stochastic+Modeling&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BGibson%2C+G+J%3BGarnsey%2C+S+M%3BIrey%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus tristeza virus; Aphis gossypii; Toxoptera citricida; Aphididae; Models; Population dynamics; Vector-borne diseases; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Hydrologic and Water Quality Responses to Grass Waterways AN - 17367966; 4572904 AB - The impact of vegetation filter strips on runoff, sediment yield, and atrazine loss from a cultivated field was investigated using a physically based, distributed watershed model. The field to which the model is applied has a gentle to flat sloping surface covered by a thin topsoil layer underlain by a claypan and is located in the Goodwater Creek watershed, a USDA research site in central Missouri. The model, which works on a cell basis, was developed to route runoff, sediment, and soluble chemical downslope from one cell to the next. The spatial variability of soil, depth of the topsoil, and vegetation are allowed among cells; each cell, however, is represented as a homogeneous unit. Our investigation indicates that changing waterway cover from natural sparse vegetation to dense grass has great potential for retarding runoff and reducing sediment loss, but it is not effective for controlling atrazine loss on claypan soils. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Hjelmfelt, A AU - Wang, M AD - USDA--Agric. Res. Service, Cropping Sys. and Water Quality Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 251 EP - 256 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - USA, Missouri KW - USA, Missouri, Goodwater Creek KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Inland waters KW - Grasses KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Sediment Yield KW - Erosion Control KW - Catchment areas KW - Hydrology KW - Sediment/water system KW - Erosion control KW - Rivers KW - Mathematical models KW - Water Quality KW - Aquatic plants KW - Vegetation KW - Sediments KW - Filters (see also Packed columns) KW - Filters KW - Atrazine KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Runoff KW - Sediment dynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modeling+Hydrologic+and+Water+Quality+Responses+to+Grass+Waterways&rft.au=Hjelmfelt%2C+A%3BWang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hjelmfelt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291084-0699%281999%294%3A3%28251%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Inland waters; Mathematical models; Aquatic plants; Hydrology; Water quality; Sediment dynamics; Grasses; Atrazine; Vegetation; Watersheds; Sediments; Runoff; Catchment areas; Water quality (Natural waters); Sediment/water system; Erosion control; Filters (see also Packed columns); Filters; Erosion Control; Sediment Yield; Water Quality; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:3(251) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some structural features of an insoluble alpha -D-glucan from a mutant strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 AN - 17319932; 4600583 AB - Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 produces two soluble extracellular alpha -D-glucans from sucrose: alternan and dextran. An unusual mutant strain derived from NRRL B-1355 has recently been isolated which produces practically no soluble polysaccharide, but significant amounts of an insoluble D-glucan. Methylation analysis shows it contains linear (1 arrow right 3) and (1 arrow right 6) linkages as well as (1 arrow right 2) and (1 arrow right 3) branch linkages. The insoluble glucan was partially digestible by endodextranase, giving rise to a series of oligosaccharides, a high-molecular weight soluble fraction and an insoluble residue. Treatment of the soluble dextranase-limit fraction with an alpha (1 arrow right 2) debranching enzyme led to further dextranase susceptibility. Methylation, FTIR and NMR analyses of the dextranase-treated fractions indicate a non-uniform structure with domains bearing similarities to L. mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1299 dextran and to insoluble streptococcal D-glucans. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Cote, G L AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Smith, M R AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Dept of Agriculture, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 656 EP - 660 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - alpha -Glucans KW - alternan KW - dextran KW - endodextranase KW - glucans KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Methylation KW - A 01010:Carbohydrates & glycosides KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17319932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Some+structural+features+of+an+insoluble+alpha+-D-glucan+from+a+mutant+strain+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+NRRL+B-1355&rft.au=Cote%2C+G+L%3BAhlgren%2C+JA%3BSmith%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Cote&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Methylation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biased Immunoglobulin G1 Isotype Responses Induced in Cattle with DNA Expressing msp1a of Anaplasma marginale AN - 17311148; 4572012 AB - Immunization with the native major surface protein 1 (MSP1) (a heterodimer containing disulfide and noncovalently bonded polypeptides designated MSP1a and MSP1b) of the erythrocytic stage of Anaplasma marginale conferred protection against homologous challenge. The MSP1a polypeptide possesses a conserved neutralization-sensitive epitope. In the present study, the immune response to DNA-mediated immunization using msp1a was studied. The plasmid pVCL/MSP1a, which encodes the complete msp1a gene of A. marginale under the control of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer/promoter and intron A, was constructed. The immune responses elicited by immunization with pVCL/MSP1a into cardiotoxin-induced regenerating muscle were evaluated in mice and cattle. Antibody reactive with native MSP1a was detected in pooled sera of immunized BALB/c mice 3 weeks following primary immunization. Two calves seronegative for A. marginale were immunized four times, at weeks 0, 3, 7, and 13, with pVCL/MSP1a. By 8 weeks, both calves responded to MSP1a with an antibody titer of 1:100, which peaked at 1:1,600 and 1:800 by 16 weeks after the initial immunization. Interestingly, immunoblotting with anti-immunoglobulin G1 (anti-IgG1) and anti-IgG2 specific monoclonal antibodies revealed a restricted IgG1 anti-MSP1a response in both animals. T-lymphocyte lines, established after the fourth immunization, proliferated specifically against A. marginale homogenate and purified MSP1 in a dose-dependent manner. These data provide a basis for an immunization strategy to direct bovine immune responses by using DNA vaccine vectors containing single or multiple genes encoding major surface proteins of A. marginale. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Arulkanthan, A AU - Brown, W C AU - McGuire, T C AU - Knowles, D P AD - Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA, dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 3481 EP - 3487 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Anaplasma marginale KW - DNA vaccines KW - cattle KW - human cytomegalovirus KW - immunoglobulin G1 KW - immunology KW - major surface protein 1 KW - msp1a gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Human cytomegalovirus KW - Antibody response KW - Vaccines KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17311148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Biased+Immunoglobulin+G1+Isotype+Responses+Induced+in+Cattle+with+DNA+Expressing+msp1a+of+Anaplasma+marginale&rft.au=Arulkanthan%2C+A%3BBrown%2C+W+C%3BMcGuire%2C+T+C%3BKnowles%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Arulkanthan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anaplasma marginale; Human cytomegalovirus; Vaccines; Antibody response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RT-PCR method for detecting cowpea mottle carmovirus in Vigna germ plasm AN - 17310042; 4585225 AB - A highly sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed to detect cowpea mottle carmovirus (CPMoV) in newly acquired germ plasm of Vigna spp. It detected virus in tissues diluted up to 10 super(-9). The preferred primers were designed from the RNA replicase cDNA sequence of CPMoV. These primers were able to detect CPMoV in plants infected with 10 different isolates of the virus. There were no cross-reactions with either bean mild mosaic or melon necrotic spot carmoviruses or any of the common cowpea viral pathogens tested. The RT-PCR method was up to 10 super(5) times more sensitive than direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) in detecting CPMoV. The RT-PCR method gave no false positive reaction as is sometimes seen with ELISA. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, AG Jr AU - Mitchell, SE AU - Stuart, G W AU - Bozarth, R F AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 639 EP - 643 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Reverse transcription KW - Cowpea mottle virus KW - Germplasm KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Vigna KW - Carmovirus KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17310042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=RT-PCR+method+for+detecting+cowpea+mottle+carmovirus+in+Vigna+germ+plasm&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+AG+Jr%3BMitchell%2C+SE%3BStuart%2C+G+W%3BBozarth%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carmovirus; Cowpea mottle virus; Vigna; Reverse transcription; Germplasm; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation of Expression and N-Terminal Sequences of the Pasteurella haemolytica 31-Kilodalton and Pasteurella trehalosi 29-Kilodalton Periplasmic Iron-Regulated Proteins AN - 17306274; 4573097 AB - This study examined the conservation of expression of a 31-kDa iron-regulated protein by serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi associated with pasteurellosis of cattle and sheep. A polyclonal antibody prepared against the purified 31-kDa periplasmic iron-regulated protein from P. haemolytica serotype A1 showed that all P. haemolytica serotypes expressed similar 31-kDa proteins with identical N-terminal sequences, whereas P. trehalosi serotypes expressed immunologically different 29-kDa proteins with a different N-terminal sequence. Antibody to the 31-kDa iron-regulated protein was a useful tool to distinguish similarities and differences of the iron-regulated proteins of P. haemolytica and P. trehalosi. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Frank, G H AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, lbt@iastate.edu Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 617 EP - 620 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - Pasteurella trehalosi KW - cattle KW - immunology KW - iron-regulated protein KW - iron-regulated proteins KW - sheep KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Livestock KW - Pasteurellosis KW - Antibodies KW - Polyclonal antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Expression+and+N-Terminal+Sequences+of+the+Pasteurella+haemolytica+31-Kilodalton+and+Pasteurella+trehalosi+29-Kilodalton+Periplasmic+Iron-Regulated+Proteins&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BFrank%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; Pasteurella trehalosi; Polyclonal antibodies; Antibodies; Livestock; Pasteurellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term influences of shrub removal and lagomorph exclusion on Chihuahuan Desert vegetation dynamics AN - 17299118; 4570104 AB - Cover of perennial species in long-term experimental plots in a creosotebush (Larrea tridentata Sess. & Moc. Ex DC.) dominated community in the Chihuahuan Desert was monitored for 56 years. Sixteen 21.3 x 21.3 m plots were established in 1938-39 to evaluate the effects of lagomorph exclusion and shrub removal. Major dominant shrubs were individually severed at ground level and removed by hand in 1939, and this process was repeated after measuring plant cover in 1947, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1989, and 1995. Lagomorphs were excluded with poultry wire fencing. Shrub removal increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) the basal cover of two major desert grass species, black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda Torr.) and spike dropseed (Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitch.) between 1939 and 1995, but differences were not evident until 50 years after initial treatment. Temporal effects of lagomorph exclusion were less pronounced than shrub removal. Clearly, shrub dominance has an extremely important and lasting role in determining vegetation community structure in this arid environment, even when above-ground shrub structures are periodically removed. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Havstad, K M AU - Gibbens, R P AU - Knorr, CA AU - Murray, L W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, 88003, N.M., U.S.A. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 155 EP - 166 PB - Academic Press VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Cottontails KW - Hares KW - Jack rabbits KW - USA, New Mexico KW - deserts KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Community structure KW - Grasses KW - Grazing KW - Lepus KW - Species composition KW - Sylvilagus KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17299118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Long-term+influences+of+shrub+removal+and+lagomorph+exclusion+on+Chihuahuan+Desert+vegetation+dynamics&rft.au=Havstad%2C+K+M%3BGibbens%2C+R+P%3BKnorr%2C+CA%3BMurray%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Havstad&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.1999.0516 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepus; Sylvilagus; Grazing; Shrubs; Grasses; Species composition; Community structure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of equine antibodies to Babesia caballi by recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 in a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay AN - 17288870; 4554244 AB - A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed for detection of equine antibodies specific for Babesia caballi. The assay used recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) and monoclonal antibody (MAb) 79/17.18.5, which is reactive with a peptide epitope of a native 60-kDa B. caballi antigen. The gene encoding the recombinant antigen was sequenced, and database analysis revealed that the gene product is a rhoptry-associated protein. Cloning and expression of a truncated copy of the gene demonstrated that MAb 79/17.18.5 reacts with the C-terminal repeat region of the protein. The cELISA was used to evaluate 302 equine serum samples previously tested for antibodies to B. caballi by a standardized complement fixation test (CFT). The results of cELISA and CFT were 73% concordant. Seventy-two of the 77 serum samples with discordant results were CFT negative and cELISA positive. Further evaluation of the serum samples with discordant results by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that at a serum dilution of 1:200, 48 of the CFT-negative and cELISA-positive serum samples contained antibodies reactive with B. caballi RAP-1. Four of five CFT-positive and cELISA-negative serum samples contained antibodies reactive with B. caballi when they were tested by IFA. These data indicate that following infection with B. caballi, horses consistently produce antibody to the RAP-1 epitope defined by MAb 79/17.18.5, and when used in the cELISA format, recombinant RAP-1 is a useful antigen for the serologic detection of anti-B. caballi antibodies. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Kappmeyer, L S AU - Perryman, LE AU - Hines, SA AU - Baszler, T V AU - Katz, J B AU - Hennager, S G AU - Knowles, D P AD - 331 Bustad Hall, ARS-USDA, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA, dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2285 EP - 2290 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - 60-kDa protein KW - RAP-1 protein KW - rhoptry-associated protein 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Gene expression KW - Antigens KW - Complement fixation KW - Babesia caballi KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Recombinant KW - Antibodies KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17288870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+equine+antibodies+to+Babesia+caballi+by+recombinant+B.+caballi+rhoptry-associated+protein+1+in+a+competitive-inhibition+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay&rft.au=Kappmeyer%2C+L+S%3BPerryman%2C+LE%3BHines%2C+SA%3BBaszler%2C+T+V%3BKatz%2C+J+B%3BHennager%2C+S+G%3BKnowles%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Kappmeyer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Babesia caballi; Recombinant; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Gene expression; Antigens; Antibodies; Immunofluorescence; Complement fixation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in membrane fatty acid composition of Pediococcus sp. strain NRRL B-2354 in response to growth conditions and its effect on thermal resistance AN - 17273987; 4567941 AB - Membrane fatty acid composition and thermal resistance (D value) of Pediococcus sp. were determined for mid-exponential-phase (ME) and stationary-phase (ST) cells grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (TGY) at 28 and 37 degree C. As the cells entered the stationary phase of growth, the unsaturated fatty acid, C sub(18:1 n11c), produced during the exponential phase of growth was converted to its cyclic form, C sub(19:0 Delta 9c). This shift in membrane fatty acid composition was accompanied by an increase in the D values of this bacterium. Data from this study suggest that the membrane fatty acid composition of Pediococcus sp. is dependent on the growth conditions and that membrane fatty acid composition plays a critical role in thermal resistance. Thermal inactivation curves of Pediococcus sp. cells grown in TGY at 28 degree C indicated the presence of a cell population that is heterogeneous in thermal resistance. The growth of this bacterium in TGY at 37 degree C and in TSB at 28 and 37 degree C resulted in cell populations that were uniform in thermal resistance with a lag time for thermal inactivation. Thermal inactivation curves of ME and ST cultures were similar. The data presented here suggest that the cell population's uniformity of thermal inactivation is independent of the growth phase of the culture. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Annous, BA AU - Kozempel, M F AU - Kurantz, MJ AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor PA 19038, USA, bannous@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2857 EP - 2862 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pediococcus KW - Membranes KW - Heat resistance KW - Fatty acids KW - J 02731:Lipids KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17273987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+membrane+fatty+acid+composition+of+Pediococcus+sp.+strain+NRRL+B-2354+in+response+to+growth+conditions+and+its+effect+on+thermal+resistance&rft.au=Annous%2C+BA%3BKozempel%2C+M+F%3BKurantz%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Annous&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pediococcus; Heat resistance; Membranes; Fatty acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of effects of acidic electrolyzed water and NaOCl on Tilletia indica teliospore germination AN - 17272500; 4585627 AB - Definitive identification of free teliospores of Tilletia indica, causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat, requires polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic tests. Since direct PCR amplification from teliospores has not been reliable, teliospores first must be germinated in order to obtain adequate DNA. We have routinely surface-sterilized teliospores for 2 min with 0.4% (vol/vol) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to stimulate germination and produce axenic cultures. However, we observed that some spores were killed even with a 2-min NaOCl treatment, the shortest feasible duration. Decreasing the NaOCl concentration in our study from 0.4% to 0.3 and 0.2%, respectively, increased teliospore germination, but treatment times longer than 2 min still progressively reduced the germination percentages. In testing alternative methods, we found 'acidic electrolyzed water' (AEW), generated by electrolysis of a weak solution of sodium chloride, also surface-sterilized and increased the rate of T. indica teliospore germination. In a representative experiment comparing the two methods, NaOCl (0.4%) for 2 min and AEW for 30 min increased germination from 19% (control) to 41 and 54%, respectively, by 7 days after treatment. Because teliospores can be treated with AEW for up to 2 h with little, if any, loss of viability, compared with 1 to 2 min for NaOCl, treatment with AEW has certain advantages over NaOCl for surface sterilizing and increasing germination of teliospores of suspect T. indica. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bonde, M R AU - Nester, SE AU - Khayat, A AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Frederick, R D AU - Schaad, N W AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5023, USA, bondem@ftdetrck-ccmail.army.mil Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 627 EP - 632 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Sodium hypochlorite KW - wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum KW - Bunt KW - Spore germination KW - Water KW - Disinfectants KW - Chemosterilization KW - Teliospores KW - Tilletia indica KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17272500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+effects+of+acidic+electrolyzed+water+and+NaOCl+on+Tilletia+indica+teliospore+germination&rft.au=Bonde%2C+M+R%3BNester%2C+SE%3BKhayat%2C+A%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L%3BFrederick%2C+R+D%3BSchaad%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Bonde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilletia indica; Triticum; Spore germination; Chemosterilization; Bunt; Teliospores; Disinfectants; Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of phosphorus exported from an agricultural watershed in Pennsylvania AN - 16123098; 4522277 AB - Freshwater eutrophication is usually controlled by inputs of phosphorus (P). As point source controls have decreased P inputs, the relative contributions of nonpoint inputs from agriculture have increased. Thus, remedial strategies are now being directed towards minimizing P export from agriculture. To identify critical sources of P, we investigated chemical and hydrologic factors controlling P export from a mixed land use (30% wooded, 40% cultivated, 30% pasture) 39.5 ha watershed in east-central Pennsylvania. The watershed was divided into four hydrologically distinct segments and streamflow and P concentration from each segment measured since June 1996. Mehlich-3 extractable soil P, determined on a 30-m grid over the watershed, ranged from 7 to 788 mg kg super(-1). Generally, soils in wooded areas had low Mehlich-3 P (<30 mg kg super(-1)), grazed pasture had Mehlich-3 P values between 100 and 200 mg kg super(-1), and cropped fields receiving manure and fertilizer applications were in most cases above 200 mg kg super(-1). Average flow-weighted P concentrations for ten storms during August-November 1996 decreased 60% downstream from segments 4-1 (watershed outlet). Streamflow P concentrations were more closely related to the near-stream (within 60 m) than whole watershed distribution of high-P soils in each watershed segment. This suggests that near-stream surface runoff and soil P, control P export form the watershed. Thus, managing P application in the primary surface runoff-producing areas near the stream has a greater potential to decrease P export in streamflow than for areas further from the channel. Clearly, the integration of areas of high soil P with areas of surface runoff production must be considered when guidelines are developed for P applications. Considering the distribution of high P soils alone may unnecessarily restrict farm management options without providing the desired reduction in P export from watersheds. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Gburek, W J AU - Folmar, G AU - Pionke, H B AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, Curtin Road Building 3702 University Park, PA 16802-3702 USA Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 77 EP - 89 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Phosphorus KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Catchment areas KW - Hydrology KW - Stream Pollution KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Land use KW - Water pollution control KW - Pollution (Surface water) KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Sources+of+phosphorus+exported+from+an+agricultural+watershed+in+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BFolmar%2C+G%3BPionke%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2899%2900018-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Eutrophication; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Watersheds; Streams; Land use; Runoff; Freshwater pollution; Water pollution control; Catchment areas; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Pollution (Surface water); Pollution (Water); Land Use; Water Pollution Control; Water Pollution Sources; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Stream Pollution; USA, Pennsylvania DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00018-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine-scale characteristics of groundwater flow in a peatland AN - 17265255; 4570165 AB - Fine-scale dynamics of groundwater flow were studied in a 1.5 ha peatland in central New York. Measurements of the hydraulic head throughout a detailed network of piezometer clusters revealed spatial and temporal variability in the direction of groundwater flow at a very fine (within a few metres) scale of analysis. Within the small wetland, there were areas of groundwater recharge, discharge and lateral flow. Such patterns of groundwater flow frequently reversed or changed due to fluctuations of only a few centimetres in hydraulic head. Specific conductance, deuterium signatures and calcium concentrations of groundwater corroborated the groundwater flow patterns determined with hydraulic head measurements and illustrated the influence of source water chemistry and evaporation on different layers in the peat column. The control of peat chemistry by such fine-scale groundwater flow may have important implications for plant community composition and diversity in groundwater-fed peatlands. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Drexler, J Z AU - Bedford, B L AU - Scognamiglio, R AU - Siegel, DI AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, jdrexler/psw_ipifs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/06/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 30 SP - 1341 EP - 1359 PB - John Wiley & Sons VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, New York KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Groundwater movement KW - Geochemistry KW - Wetlands KW - Peat KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17265255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Fine-scale+characteristics+of+groundwater+flow+in+a+peatland&rft.au=Drexler%2C+J+Z%3BBedford%2C+B+L%3BScognamiglio%2C+R%3BSiegel%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Drexler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-30&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulics; Groundwater recharge; Groundwater movement; Geochemistry; Wetlands; Peat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of experimentally induced, aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway deletion mutants of Aspergillus parasiticus AN - 17253710; 4549557 AB - A plasmid vector (pDEL2) was engineered for the purpose of introducing a deletion within the aflatoxin (AF) biosynthetic gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus. The vector was constructed by PCR amplification of a region of the AF gene cluster from an A. parasiticus isolate that had undergone an aberrant recombinational event during transformation with a norA-niaD gene disruption vector. This recombinational event resulted in the deletion of an approximately 6-kb region of the AF gene cluster and accumulation of the AF precursor averantin (AVN). Northern hybridization analysis confirmed that the deletion event resulted in no detectable transcription of the norA gene or the AF biosynthetic genes, avnA, verA, and ver-1. Transformation of A. parasiticus RHN1 with pDEL2 resulted in 16% of the transformants accumulating AVN. Southern hybridization analysis of randomly selected AVN-accumulating transformants indicated that all had undergone a double-crossover homologous, recombinational event resulting in the 6-kb norA to avnA deletion within the AF gene cluster. Aflatoxin precursor feeding studies performed on one of the AVN-accumulating, RHN1(pDEL2) transformants confirmed that the enzyme activities associated with the deleted genes were no longer present. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Cary, J W AU - Barnaby, N AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 22 SP - 808 EP - 812 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - AF gene KW - avnA gene KW - norA gene KW - ver-1 gene KW - verA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Deletion mutant KW - Aflatoxins KW - Expression vectors KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+experimentally+induced%2C+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway+deletion+mutants+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus&rft.au=Cary%2C+J+W%3BBarnaby%2C+N%3BEhrlich%2C+K+C%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus parasiticus; Deletion mutant; Expression vectors; Aflatoxins; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction of pathogen defense genes and a cytokinin biosynthesis gene into sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by Agrobacterium or particle bombardment AN - 17303285; 4549630 AB - Two different methods for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) transformation were developed, one using Agrobacterium with excised cotyledons, the other, particle bombardment of embryogenic hypocotyl callus. Transformation efficiencies averaged 0.7% for the Agrobacterium method (number of transgenic plants obtained per treated cotyledon) and about 8% for the bombardment method (number of transgenic plants obtained per plate of embryogenic callus treated). Transgenic sugarbeet plants were produced carrying genes encoding either pathogen-defense-related proteins or the reporter enzyme beta -glucuronidase (GUS) under transcriptional control of stress- or wound-inducible promoters. In addition, two plants were regenerated carrying a gene associated with enhanced insect resistance, the cytokinin biosynthesis gene, fused to a patatin gene promoter from potato. Expression of the GUS gene (gusA) under the control of the tobacco osmotin promoter was wound inducible with detectable activity at 8 h and maximal activity at 72 h post-wounding. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Snyder, G W AU - Ingersoll, J C AU - Smigocki, A C AU - Owens, L D AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Building 006, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, lowens@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/06/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 16 SP - 829 EP - 834 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 18 IS - 10 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Tobacco KW - osmotin KW - particle bombardment KW - pathogen defense-related proteins KW - pathogen-defense-related protein KW - transformation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Cytokinins KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Solanum KW - Transgenic plants KW - Nicotiana KW - Agrobacterium KW - Wounding KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17303285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+pathogen+defense+genes+and+a+cytokinin+biosynthesis+gene+into+sugarbeet+%28Beta+vulgaris+L.%29+by+Agrobacterium+or+particle+bombardment&rft.au=Snyder%2C+G+W%3BIngersoll%2C+J+C%3BSmigocki%2C+A+C%3BOwens%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-06-16&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990050669 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium; Beta vulgaris; Nicotiana; Solanum; Transgenic plants; Wounding; Cytokinins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050669 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine in channel catfish as young as seven days post hatch AN - 17235271; 4522296 AB - Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were vaccinated by immersion at 12, 14, 16 and 31 days post hatch with modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri RE-33 vaccine in 1997 and 7 and 10 days post hatch in 1998. At 20 to 21 days post vaccination, the groups of vaccinates and non-vaccinates were challenged with virulent E. ictaluri and monitored for mortality for at least 14 days following challenge. Results showed the vaccine to be efficacious in channel catfish as young as 7 days post hatch with relative percent survival ranging from 58.4 to 77.5. JF - Aquaculture AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH AU - Bricker, J M AD - Fish Diseases and Parasites Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Box 952, Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 1999/06/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 15 SP - 189 EP - 193 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 176 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - fish diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Fish diseases KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Survival KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Vaccines KW - Fish larvae KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - A 01102:Bacteria and fungi KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17235271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+modified+live+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+vaccine+in+channel+catfish+as+young+as+seven+days+post+hatch&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BBricker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1999-06-15&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fish diseases; Survival; Vaccines; Fish larvae; Aquaculture techniques; fish diseases; aquaculture techniques; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of population growth on timber management and inventories in Virginia AN - 19919387; 4503337 AB - Expanding human populations may have important effects on the availability of timber from private lands in the South. To examine the effects of development on timber supply, we compared the density of populations and various site variables with expert opinions on the future location of commercial timberland for a study site in Virginia. Population density is a significant predictor of commercial timberland and resulting probability equations provide a method for adjusting timber inventories. Findings indicate that the transition between rural and urban land use occurs where population density is between 20 and 70 people per square mile. Population effects reduce commercial inventories between 30 and 49% in the study area. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Wear, D N AU - Liu, R AU - Foreman, J M AU - Sheffield, R M AD - USDA Forest Service, Economics of Forest Protection and Management, P.O. Box 12254 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Y1 - 1999/06/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 14 SP - 107 EP - 115 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 118 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Virginia KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Population growth KW - Population density KW - Sustainable development KW - Land use KW - Human impact KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 110:Population-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19919387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+population+growth+on+timber+management+and+inventories+in+Virginia&rft.au=Wear%2C+D+N%3BLiu%2C+R%3BForeman%2C+J+M%3BSheffield%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-14&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silviculture; Population growth; Population density; Sustainable development; Land use; Human impact ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polyketide synthase gene required for biosynthesis of fumonisin mycotoxins in Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A. AN - 69907623; 10413619 AB - Fumonisins are toxins associated with several mycotoxicoses and are produced by the maize pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (MP-A). Biochemical analyses indicate that fumonisins are a product of either polyketide or fatty acid biosynthesis. To isolate a putative polyketide synthase (PKS) gene involved in fumonisin biosynthesis, we employed PCR with degenerate PKS primers and a cDNA template prepared from a fumonisin-producing culture of G. fujikuroi. Sequence analysis of the single PCR product and its flanking DNA revealed a gene (FUM5) with a 7.8-kb coding region. The predicted FUM5 translation product was highly similar to bacterial and fungal Type I PKSs. Transformation of a cosmid clone carrying FUM5 into G. fujikuroi enhanced production in three strains and restored wild-type production in a fumonisin nonproducing mutant. Disruption of FUM5 reduced fumonisin production by over 99% in G. fujikuroi MP-A. Together, these results indicate that FUM5 is a PKS gene required for fumonisin biosynthesis. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Proctor, R H AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Hohn, T M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 100 EP - 112 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fumonisins KW - Isoenzymes KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase KW - EC 2.3.1.41 KW - Index Medicus KW - 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Mutation KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- enzymology KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Carboxylic Acids -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69907623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=A+polyketide+synthase+gene+required+for+biosynthesis+of+fumonisin+mycotoxins+in+Gibberella+fujikuroi+mating+population+A.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF155773; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin reduction in corn through field application of competitive fungi. AN - 69845900; 10382655 AB - Soil in corn plots was inoculated with nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus during crop years 1994 to 1997 to determine the effect of application of the nontoxigenic strains on preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn. Corn plots in a separate part of the field were not inoculated and served as controls. Inoculation resulted in significant increases in the total A. flavus/parasiticus soil population in treated plots, and that population was dominated by the applied strain of A. parasiticus (NRRL 21369). In the years when weather conditions favored aflatoxin contamination (1996 and 1997), corn was predominately colonized by A. flavus as opposed to A. parasiticus. In 1996, colonization by wild-type A. flavus was significantly reduced in treated plots compared with control plots, but total A. flavus/parasiticus colonization was not different between the two groups. A change to a more aggressive strain of A. flavus (NRRL 21882) as part of the biocontrol inoculum in 1997 resulted in a significantly (P < 0.001) higher colonization of corn by the applied strain. Weather conditions did not favor aflatoxin contamination in 1994 and 1995. In 1996, the aflatoxin concentration in corn from treated plots averaged 24.0 ppb, a reduction of 87% compared with the aflatoxin in control plots that averaged 188.4 ppb. In 1997, aflatoxin was reduced by 66% in treated corn (29.8 ppb) compared with control corn (87.5 ppb). Together, the data indicated that although the applied strain of A. parasiticus dominated in the soil, the nonaflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus were more responsible for the observed reductions in aflatoxin contamination. Inclusion of a nonaflatoxigenic strain of A. parasiticus in a biological control formulation for aflatoxin contamination may not be as important for airborne crops, such as corn, as for soilborne crops, such as peanuts. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Dorner, J W AU - Cole, R J AU - Wicklow, D T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, Georgia 31742, USA. jdorner@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 650 EP - 656 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69845900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+reduction+in+corn+through+field+application+of+competitive+fungi.&rft.au=Dorner%2C+J+W%3BCole%2C+R+J%3BWicklow%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose for induction of a stress response in pigs. AN - 69833978; 10376897 AB - To determine the most effective route and dose for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) administration in swine, kinetics of 2DG, endogenous glucose concentration in the blood, effects of 2DG on cortisol concentration, and effects of 2DG administration in vivo on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 14 Salmonella-free male and female mixed-breed pigs. A cannula was inserted in the femoral artery of each pig to allow for frequent blood collection with minimal external stress. The concentration and duration of 2DG in the blood was monitored while varying dose (250, 500, or 750 mg/kg of body weight) and route (IV, SC, IM, or IP) of 2DG administration. Blood samples were collected at various time points and assayed for lymphocyte response to concanavalin A and cortisol, endogenous glucose, and 2DG concentrations. The 2 best routes for administration of 2DG were IV and SC. If the IV route was chosen, the optimal dose was 500 mg of 2DG/kg; the optimal dose for SC administration was 750 mg/kg. 2DG induces a stress response in pigs similar to that in rodents. The use of 2DG in a porcine stress model should be effective for studying the possible role of stress in the pathogenesis and shedding of microorganisms. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Stabel, T J AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 708 EP - 713 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Deoxyglucose KW - 9G2MP84A8W KW - Hydrocortisone KW - WI4X0X7BPJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Deoxyglucose -- toxicity KW - Stress, Physiological -- chemically induced KW - Stress, Physiological -- blood KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Hydrocortisone -- blood KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69833978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+2-deoxy-D-glucose+for+induction+of+a+stress+response+in+pigs.&rft.au=Stabel%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=708&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel detection techniques for human pathogens that contaminate poultry. AN - 69808477; 10361075 AB - Poultry products are presumed to be a major contributor to human foodborne illness due to their high frequency of contamination with pathogens Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. This has stimulated the development of more sensitive and rapid methods for identifying pathogens present in poultry. These new methods include immunomagnetic separation of pathogen, PCR amplification of pathogen-specific sequences, pathogen-specific DNA and RNA probes, and identification of pathogen-specific ions by mass spectrometry. JF - Current opinion in biotechnology AU - Mandrell, R E AU - Wachtel, M R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Health Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. mandrell@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 273 EP - 278 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Immunomagnetic Separation KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Campylobacter -- genetics KW - Biosensing Techniques -- methods KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- pathogenicity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Biotechnology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Poultry -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69808477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Novel+detection+techniques+for+human+pathogens+that+contaminate+poultry.&rft.au=Mandrell%2C+R+E%3BWachtel%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Mandrell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of saprophytic yeasts with a nor mutant of Aspergillus flavus. AN - 69791457; 10347069 AB - The nor mutant of Aspergillus flavus has a defective norsolorinic acid reductase, and thus the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway is blocked, resulting in the accumulation of norsolorinic acid, a bright red-orange pigment. We developed a visual agar plate assay to monitor yeast strains for their ability to inhibit aflatoxin production by visually scoring the accumulation of this pigment of the nor mutant. We identified yeast strains that reduced the red-orange pigment accumulation in the nor mutant. These yeasts also reduced aflatoxin accumulation by a toxigenic strain of A. flavus. These yeasts may be useful for reducing aflatoxin contamination of food commodities. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Hua, S S AU - Baker, J L AU - Flores-Espiritu, M AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. ssth@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 2738 EP - 2740 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anthraquinones KW - Culture Media KW - Fungal Proteins KW - norsolorinic acid KW - 78371-59-2 KW - Alcohol Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.1.- KW - NAD (+) and NADP (+) Dependent Alcohol Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.1.1.- KW - norsolorinic acid ketoreductase KW - EC 1.1.1.349 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trees -- microbiology KW - Mutation KW - Yeasts -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Alcohol Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- physiology KW - Yeasts -- physiology KW - Alcohol Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69791457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+saprophytic+yeasts+with+a+nor+mutant+of+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Hua%2C+S+S%3BBaker%2C+J+L%3BFlores-Espiritu%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hua&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gen Microbiol. 1979 Jul;113(1):127-36 [501330] Can J Microbiol. 1984 Jan;30(1):68-73 [6424919] Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1991;30(4):403-39 [1910523] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3718-23 [9758790] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2408-14 [8074521] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3713-7 [9758789] Mycopathologia. 1994 Mar;125(3):179-91 [8047109] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The carboxy-terminal portion of the aflatoxin pathway regulatory protein AFLR of Aspergillus parasiticus activates GAL1::lacZ gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AN - 69790623; 10347035 AB - AFLR, a DNA-binding protein of 444 amino acids, transactivates the expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus, as well as the sterigmatocystin synthesis genes in Aspergillus nidulans. We show here by fusion of various aflR coding regions to the GAL4 DNA-binding coding region that the AFLR carboxyl terminus contained a region that activated GAL1::lacZ gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and that the AFLR internal region was required for the activation activity. Compared to the AFLR carboxy-terminal fusion protein (AFLRC), a mutant AFLRC retained approximately 75% of the activation activity after deletion of three acidic amino acids, Asp365, Glu366, and Glu367, in a previously identified acidic stretch. Removal of the carboxy-terminal amino acid, Glu444, did not affect the activation activity. Substitutions of acidic Glu423, Asp439, or Asp436/Asp439 with basic amino acids, Lys and His, resulted in 10- to 15-fold-lower activation activities. Strikingly, the Asp436His mutation abolished the activation activity. Substitutions of basic His428 and His442 with acidic Asp resulted in 20 and 40% decreases in the activation activities, respectively. Simultaneous substitutions of Arg427, Arg429, and Arg431 with Leu also significantly decreased the activation activity; the decrease was approximately 50-fold. Results suggest that the AFLR carboxy-terminal region is involved in transcription activation and that total acidity in this region is not a major determinant of AFLR's activation ability in S. cerevisiae. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Chang, P K AU - Yu, J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. pkchang@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 2508 EP - 2512 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Galactose KW - X2RN3Q8DNE KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - beta-Galactosidase -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - beta-Galactosidase -- biosynthesis KW - Lac Operon KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69790623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=The+carboxy-terminal+portion+of+the+aflatoxin+pathway+regulatory+protein+AFLR+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus+activates+GAL1%3A%3AlacZ+gene+expression+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.&rft.au=Chang%2C+P+K%3BYu%2C+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L26222; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2408-14 [8074521] Gene. 1999 Apr 16;230(2):249-57 [10216264] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2372-7 [7793958] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1418-22 [8643646] J Mol Biol. 1978 Mar 25;120(1):97-120 [642007] J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163-8 [6336730] Cell. 1987 Mar 13;48(5):847-53 [3028647] Cell. 1987 Oct 9;51(1):121-6 [3115592] Nature. 1987 Dec 17-23;330(6149):670-2 [3317067] Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):635-40 [3287180] Gene. 1989 Apr 15;77(1):51-9 [2744487] Gene. 1990 Oct 30;95(1):123-7 [2253884] Cell. 1993 Feb 26;72(4):587-94 [8440022] Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Dec 11;21(24):5537-46 [8284197] Curr Genet. 1996 May;29(6):537-48 [8662193] Curr Genet. 1996 May;29(6):549-55 [8662194] Chem Biol. 1996 Jun;3(6):463-9 [8807876] Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Sep;17(9):5117-26 [9271389] Fungal Genet Biol. 1997 Jun;21(3):388-405 [9290251] Fungal Genet Biol. 1997 Oct;22(2):92-102 [9367656] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Dec 5;1343(2):211-20 [9434111] Genetics. 1998 Apr;148(4):1813-20 [9560395] J Biol Chem. 1998 May 29;273(22):13776-80 [9593720] Mol Cell. 1998 May;1(6):895-904 [9660972] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):1355-65 [9680223] Fungal Genet Biol. 1998 Apr;23(3):279-87 [9680958] Eur J Biochem. 1998 Aug 15;256(1):106-11 [9746352] Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2022-8 [9851918] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jan;65(1):307-10 [9872797] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2365-71 [7793957] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisonous plant vouchers. AN - 69788419; 10349708 AB - Every published report of plant poisoning, whether experimental or accidental, should document plant identification. The essential elements are: complete botanical Latin name including species, specific epithet and author(s); name of the collaborating botanist who identified the plant; and herbarium and collection number of a voucher specimen from the exposure lot. Additional information to aid identification might include plant photographs, drawings, and descriptions. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Wagstaff, D J AU - Wiersema, J H AU - Lellinger, D B AD - Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 162 EP - 164 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Records as Topic -- standards KW - Plants -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69788419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Poisonous+plant+vouchers.&rft.au=Wagstaff%2C+D+J%3BWiersema%2C+J+H%3BLellinger%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Wagstaff&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of selected cotton-leaf volatiles on growth, development and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 69776800; 10340828 AB - The fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce the hepatocarcinogenic, secondary metabolites, aflatoxins, in cottonseed, corn, peanuts and treenuts. Results have shown that aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus grown in the presence of specific cotton-leaf volatiles exhibit alterations in aflatoxin production accompanied by variations in growth of the fungi. In this study, two alcohols (3-methyl-1-butanol (3-MB) and nonanol) and two terpenes (camphene and limonene) were chosen as representative cotton-leaf volatiles based on the effects they had on fungal growth and/ or aflatoxin production in previous investigations. The morphological effects of volatile exposure were examined in correlation with fungal growth and aflatoxin production. 3-MB-treated samples exhibited a decrease in fungal radial growth which was directly proportional to the volatile dosage. Additionally, 3-MB treatment resulted in loss of mycelial pigmentation and a decrease in sporulation. Limonene and camphene-treated samples yielded negligible differences in radial growth and morphology when compared to unexposed controls. In addition to radial growth inhibition, samples grown in the presence of nonanol demonstrated uniquely aerial hyphae. In comparison to an unexposed control, aflatoxin production increased in cultures exposed to 3-MB but decreased when exposed to the other three volatiles studied. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Greene-McDowelle, D M AU - Ingber, B AU - Wright, M S AU - Zeringue, H J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 883 EP - 893 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cyclohexenes KW - Fatty Alcohols KW - Pentanols KW - Terpenes KW - limonene KW - 9MC3I34447 KW - isopentyl alcohol KW - DEM9NIT1J4 KW - camphene KW - G3VG94Z26E KW - 1-nonanol KW - NGK73Q6XMC KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Terpenes -- toxicity KW - Aspergillus -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- ultrastructure KW - Aspergillus -- physiology KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Pentanols -- toxicity KW - Fatty Alcohols -- toxicity KW - Gossypium UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69776800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+selected+cotton-leaf+volatiles+on+growth%2C+development+and+aflatoxin+production+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Greene-McDowelle%2C+D+M%3BIngber%2C+B%3BWright%2C+M+S%3BZeringue%2C+H+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Greene-McDowelle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid purification of fumonisins and their hydrolysis products with solid-phase extraction columns. AN - 69483118; 10794634 AB - Fumonisins B(3) and B(4) (FB(3) and FB(4)) were recovered from the 50:50 acetonitrile/water extract of corn cultures of a strain of Fusarium moniliforme that does not make FB(1) or FB(2) by stirring the extract with IRA-68, a weak anion-exchange resin. The fumonisins were desorbed with 5% acetic acid in the same solvent. After dilution with water, the desorbed fumonisins were separated into FB(3) (FB(3) and FA(3)) and FB(4) (FB(4), FC(4), and FA(4)) fractions with a tC(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The FB(3) fraction was then separated into FB(3) and FA(3) by using an NH(2) SPE cartridge and eluting with 5% acetic acid and increasing amounts of acetonitrile in water. Finally, FB(1) and FA(3) were hydrolyzed with calcium hydroxide. After recovery from the reaction mixture using a tC(18) cartridge, the hydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed analogues were separated and the unreacted fumonisins recovered by using an NH(2) cartridge, initially in the normal-phase mode with increasing amounts of water in acetonitrile and then in the reversed-phase mode after the addition of 5% acetic acid to the solvent and eluting in the reverse order. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Poling, S M AU - Plattner, R D AD - Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. polingsm@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 2344 EP - 2349 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B4 KW - 136379-60-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange -- methods KW - Hydrolysis KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- isolation & purification KW - Carboxylic Acids -- isolation & purification KW - Carboxylic Acids -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69483118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid+purification+of+fumonisins+and+their+hydrolysis+products+with+solid-phase+extraction+columns.&rft.au=Poling%2C+S+M%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Poling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - One Border, Two Transitions: Mexican Migration to the United States as a Two-Way Process AN - 60373923; 200105663 AB - This article employs a unique logit model developed by Yamaguchi to study Mexican migration to the US. The model contains interaction terms between the previous year's migration decision & key explanatory variables. This innovation allows for the differential measurement of the variables' influence on the Mexico-to-US & the US-to-Mexico transitions. Migration is found to be a persistent phenomenon for its participants. Legal residents of the US & persons with more dependent children are inclined either to remain in the US or to participate in migration year after year. Female migrants are less likely to return to Mexico, whereas married migrants tend to follow a year of migration with 1 or more years spent entirely in Mexico. Surprisingly, macroeconomic indicators of expected wage differentials between the two countries explain little of migration behavior. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix, 38 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Behavioral Scientist AU - Zahniser, Steven S AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture, U Colorado, Boulder Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1350 EP - 1380 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0002-7642, 0002-7642 KW - Migration Patterns KW - Mexico KW - Latin American Cultural Groups KW - United States of America KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60373923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Behavioral+Scientist&rft.atitle=One+Border%2C+Two+Transitions%3A+Mexican+Migration+to+the+United+States+as+a+Two-Way+Process&rft.au=Zahniser%2C+Steven+S&rft.aulast=Zahniser&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Behavioral+Scientist&rft.issn=00027642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Migration Patterns; Latin American Cultural Groups; Mexico; United States of America; Sociodemographic Factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AN - 52462837; 1999-045928 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Kinnell, P I A AU - Morgan, R P C AU - Quinton, J N AU - Smith, R E AU - Govers, G AU - Poesen, Jean W A AU - Auerswald, K AU - Chisci, G AU - Torri, D AU - Styczen, M E Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 563 EP - 565, 567-568 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - soils KW - models KW - EUROSEM KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - rills KW - mass balance KW - raindrops KW - geomorphology KW - soil erosion KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52462837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.au=Kinnell%2C+P+I+A%3BMorgan%2C+R+P+C%3BQuinton%2C+J+N%3BSmith%2C+R+E%3BGovers%2C+G%3BPoesen%2C+Jean+W+A%3BAuerswald%2C+K%3BChisci%2C+G%3BTorri%2C+D%3BStyczen%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Kinnell&rft.aufirst=P+I&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Morgan, R. P., Quinton, J. N., et. al., 1998, Earth Surf. Proc. and Landforms, Vol. 23, pp. 527-544 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESPRDT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; EUROSEM; geomorphology; mass balance; models; raindrops; rills; sediment transport; soil erosion; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment transport capacity and erosion processes; model concepts and reality AN - 52462803; 1999-045923 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Huang, C AU - Wells, L K AU - Norton, L D Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 503 EP - 516 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - United States KW - scale factor KW - Fragiudalfs KW - Sullivan County Indiana KW - erosion KW - slopes KW - simulation KW - seepage KW - physical models KW - Indiana KW - soil erosion KW - dual-box system KW - soils KW - processes KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - sediment transport capacity KW - sediment transport KW - rainfall KW - models KW - case studies KW - Alfisols KW - deposition KW - runoff KW - geomorphology KW - instruments KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52462803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Sediment+transport+capacity+and+erosion+processes%3B+model+concepts+and+reality&rft.au=Huang%2C+C%3BWells%2C+L+K%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESPRDT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; case studies; deposition; dual-box system; erosion; experimental studies; Fragiudalfs; geomorphology; hydrology; Indiana; instruments; models; physical models; processes; rainfall; runoff; scale factor; sediment transport; sediment transport capacity; seepage; simulation; slopes; soil erosion; soils; Sullivan County Indiana; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedogenesis and origin of deeply weathered soils formed in alluvial fans of the Virginia Blue Ridge AN - 52425865; 1999-067513 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ogg, C M AU - Baker, J C Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 601 EP - 606 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - quartzites KW - Appalachians KW - weathered materials KW - metamorphic rocks KW - oxides KW - Page County Virginia KW - gibbsite KW - sedimentary structures KW - soils KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - Virginia KW - in situ KW - Blue Ridge Province KW - biogenic structures KW - rates KW - weathering KW - Rockingham County Virginia KW - alluvial fans KW - soil surveys KW - parent materials KW - Augusta County Virginia KW - surveys KW - weathering rates KW - Botetourt County Virginia KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52425865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Pedogenesis+and+origin+of+deeply+weathered+soils+formed+in+alluvial+fans+of+the+Virginia+Blue+Ridge&rft.au=Ogg%2C+C+M%3BBaker%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvial fans; Appalachians; Augusta County Virginia; biogenic structures; Blue Ridge Province; Botetourt County Virginia; gibbsite; in situ; metamorphic rocks; North America; oxides; Page County Virginia; parent materials; pedogenesis; quartzites; rates; Rockingham County Virginia; sedimentary structures; soil profiles; soil surveys; soils; surveys; United States; Virginia; weathered materials; weathering; weathering rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dust fall in the Takla Makan Desert of China AN - 52330065; 2000-058286 JF - Physical Geography AU - Chen, Weinan AU - Fryrear, Donald W AU - Yang, Zuotao Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 189 EP - 224 PB - V. H. Winston and Son, Silver Spring, MD VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0272-3646, 0272-3646 KW - sedimentary cover KW - granulometry KW - eolian features KW - dust storms KW - Far East KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - deserts KW - measurement KW - provenance KW - mineral composition KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - dust KW - sediments KW - Takla Makan Desert China KW - chemical composition KW - Asia KW - China KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52330065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Geography&rft.atitle=Dust+fall+in+the+Takla+Makan+Desert+of+China&rft.au=Chen%2C+Weinan%3BFryrear%2C+Donald+W%3BYang%2C+Zuotao&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Weinan&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physical+Geography&rft.issn=02723646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 13 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; atmospheric transport; chemical composition; China; clastic sediments; deposition; deserts; dust; dust storms; eolian features; Far East; grain size; granulometry; measurement; mineral composition; provenance; sedimentary cover; sediments; Takla Makan Desert China ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid by Sphingobacterium sp. strain O22 AN - 21322938; 12034266 AB - The conversion of oleic acid by a bacterium, tentatively identified as Sphingobacterium thalpophilum strain O22, was investigated. The microorganism was isolated as a stable culture from compost that was enriched with soybean oil outdoors and subsequently with oleic acid in the laboratory. Strain O22 converted oleic acid to products identified as 10-ketostearic acid (95% of the total conversion product) and 10-hydroxystearic acid (5%). This is in contrast to S. thalpophilum strain B-14797, which produces solely 10-hydroxystearic acid. Maximal conversion was reached in about 36 h after the addition of oleic acid to the fermentation broth. The yield of 10-ketostearic acid was approximately 75% from 0.26 g of oleic acid in 30 mL fermentation broth at 28°C and 200 rpm for 48 h. This is the first report on the major production of 10-ketostearic acid by a microorganism in the genus Sphingobacterium. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Kuo, T M AU - Lanser, A C AU - Kaneshiro, T AU - Hou, C T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois, kuotm@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 709 EP - 712 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Composts KW - Fermentation KW - Microorganisms KW - Oleic acid KW - Sphingobacterium KW - Soybeans KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21322938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+oleic+acid+to+10-ketostearic+acid+by+Sphingobacterium+sp.+strain+O22&rft.au=Kuo%2C+T+M%3BLanser%2C+A+C%3BKaneshiro%2C+T%3BHou%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-999-0163-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Composts; Fermentation; Microorganisms; Oleic acid; Soybeans; Sphingobacterium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0163-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat patch size and nesting success of yellow-breasted chats AN - 17453486; 4662101 AB - We measured vegetation at shrub patches used for nesting by Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens) to evaluate the importance of nesting habitat patch features on nest predation, cowbird parasitism, and nest site selection. Logistic regression models indicated that nests in small patches (average diameter 10 cm dbh) nearby. Patches used by chats for nesting had larger average diameters than unused patches and tended to contain more small stems. Chats appeared to prefer large patches and experienced lower nest predation there. Although they might experience higher brood parasitism frequencies in large patches, losses to parasitism were balanced by higher nesting success because the mean number of chat young that fledged did not differ between nests in small versus large patches. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Burhans, DE AU - Thompson, III AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Natural Resources Building, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, dburhans/nc_co@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 210 EP - 215 VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Yellow-breasted chat KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Predation KW - Nests KW - Site selection KW - Icteria virens KW - brood parasitism KW - Breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Habitat+patch+size+and+nesting+success+of+yellow-breasted+chats&rft.au=Burhans%2C+DE%3BThompson%2C+III&rft.aulast=Burhans&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Icteria virens; Nests; Site selection; brood parasitism; Predation; Breeding success ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation of small eggs in artificial nests: Effects of nest position, edge, and potential predator abundance in extensive forest AN - 17445865; 4662103 AB - After photographic observations in the field and laboratory tests indicated that small rodents might be significant predators on small eggs, we conducted a field study in central Massachusetts to compare predation of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs in artificial nests near to (5-15 m) and far from (100-120 m) forest edges and between ground and shrub nests. As in earlier studies in managed northeastern forest landscapes that used larger quail eggs, predation rates on small eggs in nests at the forest edge did not differ (P > 0.05) from those in the forest interior for either ground nests (edge = 0.80 vs interior = 0.90) or shrub nests (edge = 0.38 vs interior = 0.28) after 12 days of exposure. However, predation rates on eggs in ground nests were significantly higher (P 0.05) differences in the frequency of capture of the 6 most common small mammal species between forest edge and interior. Logistic regression analyses indicated a highly significant (P < 0.001) nest placement effect but very little location or small mammal effect. Predation of small eggs by small-mouthed ground predators such as white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) has not been documented as a major factor in egg predation studies, but use of appropriately-sized eggs and quantification of predator species presence and abundance seems essential to future studies. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Degraaf, R M AU - Maier, T J AU - Fuller, T K AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA, rdegraaf@forwild.umass.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 236 EP - 242 VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - micromammals KW - Birds KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Site selection KW - Aves KW - Abundance KW - Predation KW - Forests KW - Nests KW - Edge effect KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17445865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Predation+of+small+eggs+in+artificial+nests%3A+Effects+of+nest+position%2C+edge%2C+and+potential+predator+abundance+in+extensive+forest&rft.au=Degraaf%2C+R+M%3BMaier%2C+T+J%3BFuller%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Degraaf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Nests; Site selection; Predation; Edge effect; Abundance; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nest predators of open and cavity nesting birds in oak woodlands AN - 17442971; 4662105 AB - Camera setups revealed at least three species of rodents and seven species of birds as potential predators at artificial open nests. Surprisingly, among avian predators identified at open nests, one third were Bullock's Orioles (Icterus bullockii). Two rodent species and three bird species were potential predators at artificial cavity nests. This high predator diversity was consistent with previous studies, although the number of avian predators at open nests was higher than expected. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Purcell, K L AU - Verner, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 E. Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA, kpurcell/psw_fresno@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 251 EP - 256 VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Birds KW - Rodents KW - Oaks KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Site selection KW - Aves KW - Quercus KW - Species composition KW - Predators KW - Rodentia KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17442971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Nest+predators+of+open+and+cavity+nesting+birds+in+oak+woodlands&rft.au=Purcell%2C+K+L%3BVerner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Rodentia; Quercus; Nests; Site selection; Predators; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solubility and dye-binding properties of quaternized and peroxidase-polymerized Kraft lignin AN - 17439007; 4650042 AB - The ability of cationic Kraft lignin to function as a flocculant for decolorization of textile wastewaters was examined. Kraft lignin was quaternized with high efficiency in alkaline solution with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylamonium chloride. The product formed was separated into two fractions arbitrarily based on their aqueous solubility at pH 7. The pH 7-soluble fraction was soluble over the pH 2 to 13 range. The pH 7-insoluble fraction was soluble at low ( pH 12). Treatment of the pH 7-soluble quaternized lignin fraction with soybean peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide under nitrogen produced a soluble, high molecular weight polymer, as determined by ultrafiltration analysis. Peroxidase treatment of the pH 7-insoluble fraction at pH 3 produced a material not completely soluble at any pH, probably by modifying the lignin structure but not necessarily by increasing its molecular weight. All quaternized lignin fractions were demonstrated to bind Orange II and hydrolyzed Reactive Red 180, but only peroxidase-polymerized lignin produced rapidly settling flocs. Peroxidase-treated, quaternized Kraft lignin can be used in place of synthetic cationic polymers for decolorization of textile wastewaters. JF - Environmental Technology AU - Laszlo, JA AD - Biomaterials Processing Research, USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 607 EP - 616 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0959-3330, 0959-3330 KW - lignin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Color removal KW - Flocculation KW - Textile industry wastes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Dyes KW - Polymers KW - pH KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17439007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Technology&rft.atitle=Solubility+and+dye-binding+properties+of+quaternized+and+peroxidase-polymerized+Kraft+lignin&rft.au=Laszlo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Laszlo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Technology&rft.issn=09593330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wastewater treatment; Textile industry wastes; Color removal; pH; Polymers; Flocculation; Dyes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Test Protocols for the Standard Room/Corner Test AN - 17438374; 4652160 AB - As part of international efforts to evaluate alternative reaction-to-fire tests, several series of room/corner tests have been conducted. Materials tested were mostly different wood products but included gypsum board and a few foam plastics. This is a review of the overall results of related studies in which the different test protocols for the standard room/corner test were used. Differences in the test protocols involved two options for the ignition burner scenario and whether or not the ceiling was also lined with the test materials. The test materials were placed on three walls of the room in all the tests. The two burner scenarios were (1) 40 kW for 300 s followed by 160 kW for 300 s and (2) 100 kW for 600 s and 300 kW for 600 s. The 40 and 160 kW burner scenario without the ceiling lined did not provide a severe enough test for flashover to occur with fire-retardant-treated materials. Use of the 100 and 300 kW burner scenario without lining the ceiling provided the ability to differentiate between wood products with ASTM E 84 flame spread indexes of 70 to 125 and those with higher flame spread indexes. Lining the ceiling with test material creates a more severe test. JF - Fire and Materials AU - White, R H AU - Dietenberger, MA AU - Tran, H AU - Grexa, O AU - Richardson, L AU - Sumathipala, K AU - Janssens, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 139 EP - 146 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0308-0501, 0308-0501 KW - flashover KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Materials testing KW - Standards KW - Fire retardants KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17438374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Test+Protocols+for+the+Standard+Room%2FCorner+Test&rft.au=White%2C+R+H%3BDietenberger%2C+MA%3BTran%2C+H%3BGrexa%2C+O%3BRichardson%2C+L%3BSumathipala%2C+K%3BJanssens%2C+M&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=03080501&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1018%28199905%2F06%2923%3A33.0.CO%3B2-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Materials testing; Standards; Fire retardants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199905/06)23:3<139::AID-FAM681>3.0.CO;2-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nightly and Seasonal Movements of Boiga irregularis on Guam AN - 17432959; 4644919 AB - Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis, BTS), inadvertently introduced to the island of Guam shortly after World War II, have had catastrophic effects on the native fauna of this U.S. territory. We used radio-telemetry to monitor daytime refugia and nightly movements of 60 BTS (30 during each of two seasonal periods) to determine the extent of nightly, weekly, and monthly movements. Eighty-three percent of subadult daytime sightings were in trees, compared to only 49% of adult daytime sightings. Most measures of movement did not vary with seasonal period, sex, or age class. BTS moved an average of 64 m (Range: 9-259 m) between successive daily refugia. Mean total cumulative distance traveled between successive locations from one afternoon to the next was 238 m during January-March and 182 m during May-July. However, over the course of each seasonal period (60-70 d), most snakes concentrated their activity within core areas. During each of the two seasonal periods, snakes were located a mean distance of only 78 m and 93 m, respectively, from their original release points 30-50 d after release. Sixty to 70 d after release, snakes were a mean distance of 92 m and 68 m, respectively, from their original release points. Snakes frequently crossed dirt roads that separated forested areas at the study site. They also utilized grassy and brushy clearings, but less than would be predicted by the occurrence of such clearings in the study area. These results suggest that under the conditions of this study, BTS would be slow to reinvade areas where snakes have been removed by trapping or other means. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Tobin, ME AU - Sugihara, R T AU - Pochop, P A AU - Linnell, MA AD - National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/WS, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA, mark.e.tobin@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 281 EP - 291 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Brown tree snake KW - Guam KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Movements KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Introduced species KW - Y 25504:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=Nightly+and+Seasonal+Movements+of+Boiga+irregularis+on+Guam&rft.au=Tobin%2C+ME%3BSugihara%2C+R+T%3BPochop%2C+P+A%3BLinnell%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boiga irregularis; Introduced species; Movements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stand Structure and Productivity of the Introduced Rhizophora mangle in Hawaii AN - 17403927; 4633286 AB - Since its introduction in the early part of this century, Rhizophora mangle L. has spread extensively through most of the main islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. We investigated the structural properties and estimated productivity of a R. mangle population at Nuupia Ponds Wildlife Management Area (NPWMA), on windward Oahu, where the mangroves were being controlled due to their propensity to overgrow archaeological lites and the habitat of endangered Hawaiian waterbirds. Mangroves within NPWMA were very dense (> 24,000 trees ha super(-1)) and most were relatively small (only 3.3% of the trees were greater than or equal to 10 cm DBH). Mean basal area, aboveground biomass, and number of seedlings were all high, at 37.2 m super(2) ha super(-1), 279 t (dry wt) ha super(-1), and 121 m super(-2), respectively. The seedling density may be particularly unusual and appears to be due to extremely high rates of propagule production coupled with low rates of propagule predation. Stand productivity, was estimated by stem growth (allometry), litterfall, and a light attenuation approach to determining net canopy photosynthetic production. All three methods yielded estimates that are higher than previously reported for R. mangle and comparable with estimates of highly productive Rhizophora spp.-dominatad stands in Australia and Asia. The high density, biomass, and productivity of this stand relative to stands within the species' native range may be due to a combination of favorable site conditions, lack of competition from other woody plants, and very low rates of herbivory and propagule predation. JF - Estuaries AU - Cox, E F AU - Allen, JA AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, jallen/psw_ipiF@FS.Fed.us Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 276 EP - 284 VL - 22 IS - 2A SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Mangrove KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Stand structure KW - Environmental impact KW - Seedlings KW - Introduced species KW - Rhizophora mangle KW - Mangrove Swamps KW - Productivity KW - Primary production KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17403927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Stand+Structure+and+Productivity+of+the+Introduced+Rhizophora+mangle+in+Hawaii&rft.au=Cox%2C+E+F%3BAllen%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mangrove swamps; Environmental impact; Introduced species; Stand structure; Primary production; Seedlings; Productivity; Mangrove Swamps; Rhizophora mangle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining mapped and statistical data in forest ecological inventory and monitoring - Supplementing an existing system AN - 17393424; 4611294 AB - A forest ecological inventory and monitoring system combining information derived from maps and samples is proposed based on ecosystem regions. The system extends the design of the USDA Forest Service Region 6 Inventory and Monitoring System (R6IMS) in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The key uses of the information are briefly discussed and expected results are illustrated with examples. The system is flexible, allowing regions based on ecological considerations to be modified. Sampling intensities that are affordable are likely to be insufficient to provide meaningful estimates for key parameters relating to rare and endangered species, watersheds, and other ecological units. Methods are proposed for collecting additional information in follow-up surveys and combining it with relevant information obtained in R6IMS. Near-continuous information on weather and possible pollution variables recorded by instruments at sampling sites is needed to develop meaningful models to understand what is happening in the ecoregions. R6IMS and the proposed additions constitute a dynamic system which will be modified further as data are analyzed. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Schreuder, H T AU - Czaplewski, R AU - Bailey, R G AD - United States Forest Service Department of Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 3825 East Mulberry, CO 80524 8597, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 269 EP - 291 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Forests KW - Sampling KW - Mapping KW - Monitoring KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Development&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Enhancing+Students%27+Social+and+Emotional+Learning%3A+A+Meta-Analysis+of+School-Based+Universal+Interventions&rft.au=Durlak%2C+Joseph+A.%3BWeissberg%2C+Roger+P.%3BDymnicki%2C+Allison+B.%3BTaylor%2C+Rebecca+D.%3BSchellinger%2C+Kriston+B.&rft.aulast=Durlak&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Development&rft.issn=00093920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mapping; Statistics; Forests; Monitoring; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005984426987 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural-Nitrogen Contributions to Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico AN - 17391617; 4617303 AB - Nitrate (NO sub(3)) is the principal nutrient transported through the Mississippi River basin that is related to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Agriculture is a major contributor to the N load. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of NO sub(3) sources and losses within the basin is critical to understanding the problem and identifying potential solutions. This paper defines the geographic distribution, by hydrologic unit, of major agricultural sources and dominant losses of N in the basin. Sources include imported N such as inorganic fertilizer, manure, and atmospheric deposition, and in situ sources such as mineralized N from soil organic matter, N sub(2) fixed by legumes, and redeposition of locally derived ammonia (NH sub(3)). The dominant N losses include crop harvests, losses to the atmosphere through volatilization of manure and inorganic fertilizer, plant senescence, and denitrification of soil NO sub(3). National data bases used in the analysis include the State Soils Geographic Database, 1992 Census of Agriculture, and the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network. The hydrologic units with the largest residual N contributions available to streams are located in the Upper Mississippi River and the Ohio River basins. Mineralizable soil N, inorganic N fertilizer, legume fixation, and redeposition of locally derived NH sub(3) constitute the major sources in this part of the basin, although manure is a minor source. However, these northern hydrologic regions use a greater fraction of the sources to produce crop N than do the southern hydrologic regions. Residual contributions to the Tennessee, Arkansas/Red, and Lower Mississippi hydrologic regions are greatest when analyzed as a percentage of the total sources. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burkart, M R AU - James, DE AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive., Ames, IA 50011, USA, burkart@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 850 EP - 859 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Provenance KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - River Basins KW - Nitrates KW - River Wash KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Oxygen Depletion KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - USA KW - Fertilizers KW - Marine environment KW - Hypoxia KW - Hydrology KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Agricultural-Nitrogen+Contributions+to+Hypoxia+in+the+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Burkart%2C+M+R%3BJames%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=850&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Provenance; Fertilizers; Nitrates; Hypoxia; Agricultural pollution; Nitrogen; Agriculture; Marine environment; Hydrology; Nutrient concentrations; River Basins; Agricultural Runoff; River Wash; Oxygen Depletion; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poultry Litter and Grazing Animal Waste Effects on Runoff Water Quality AN - 17390720; 4617304 AB - In complex landscapes with multiple land uses, it is often difficult to identify the source of contaminant loadings. The objective of this study was to compare nutrient runoff as affected by grazing animal depositions vs. poultry litter application. Simulated rainfall was applied twice to 1.5 by 6.0 m runoff plots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with treatments of no waste (CT), dairy calf feces and urine (DFU), poultry litter (PL), and dairy calf feces and urine with poultry litter (DFU + PL). Chemical properties of the runoff samples including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total nitrogen (TN), NH sub(4)-N, NO sub(3)-N, K, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Na, and Zn were determined. Plots receiving poultry litter had significantly greater losses of most nutrient parameters for both rainfall simulations. For the nutrient parameters of primary interest with regard to water quality, 5.0, 29.5, and 21.9% of the TN, NH sub(4)-N, and SRP applied in the PL treatment were transported in runoff during the first rainfall simulation as compared to 3.9, 5.0, and 15.3%, respectively, for the DFU treatment. Comparable percentages of the applied nutrients were lost from the PL and DFU treatments even though the PL treatment, with the exception of NH sub(4)-N, provided at least six times the amount of each nutrient. A severe rainfall event shortly after poultry litter application produces significantly greater nutrient losses as compared to similar application of grazing animal depositions at the rates used in the experiment. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sauer, T J AU - Daniel, T C AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Coffey, K P AU - Nichols, D J AU - West, C P AD - USDA-ARS Biomass Research Center, Univ. of Arkansas, 319 Hatch St., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA, tsauer@comp.uark.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 860 EP - 865 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - comparative studies KW - grazing livestock KW - poultry litter KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Rainfall KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Water quality measurements KW - Poultry farming KW - Nutrients KW - Hydrology KW - Animal Wastes KW - Feces KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Litter KW - Animal wastes KW - Grazing KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Land use KW - Urine KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Runoff KW - Research programs KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Poultry+Litter+and+Grazing+Animal+Waste+Effects+on+Runoff+Water+Quality&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BMoore%2C+PA+Jr%3BCoffey%2C+K+P%3BNichols%2C+D+J%3BWest%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Agricultural pollution; Agricultural runoff; Litter; Animal wastes; Rainfall; Water quality measurements; Hydrology; Poultry farming; Nutrient concentrations; Land use; Research programs; Runoff; Poultry; Urine; Water Pollution Sources; Grazing; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Nutrients; Feces; Animal Wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal patterns of ecosystem processes on simulated landscapes in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA AN - 17390140; 4598479 AB - The mechanistic, spatially-explicit fire succession model, Fire-BGC (a Fire BioGeoChemical succession model) was used to investigate long-term trends in landscape pattern under historical and future fire regimes and present and future climate regimes for two 46 000 ha landscapes in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Fire-BGC has two spatial and temporal resolutions in the simulation architecture where ecological processes that act at a landscape level, such as fire, are simulated annually from information contained in spatial data layers, while stand-level processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration, and decomposition are simulated both daily and annually. Fire is spread across the landscape using the FARSITE fire growth model and subsequent fire effects are simulated at the stand-level. Fire-BGC was used to simulate changes in landscape pattern over 250 years under four scenarios: (1) complete fire exclusion under current climate, (2) historical wildfire occurrence and current climate, (3) complete fire exclusion under a possible future climate, (4) future wildfire occurrence and future climate. Simulated maps of dominant tree species, aboveground standing crop, leaf area index, and net primary productivity (NPP) were contrasted across scenarios using the metrics of patch density, edge density, evenness, contagion, and interspersion. Simulation results indicate that fire influences landscape pattern metrics more that climate alone by creating more diverse, fragmented, and disconnected landscapes. Fires were more frequent, larger, and more intense under a future climate regime. Landscape metrics showed different trends for the process-based NPP map when compared to the cover type map. It may be important to augment landscape analyses with process-based layers as well as structural and compositional layers. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Keane, R E AU - Morgan, P AU - White, J D AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 311 EP - 329 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - USA, Montana KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Historical ecology KW - Ecosystem management KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Temporal+patterns+of+ecosystem+processes+on+simulated+landscapes+in+Glacier+National+Park%2C+Montana%2C+USA&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BWhite%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008011916649 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Fires; Historical ecology; Ecosystem management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008011916649 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and Spatial Trends in Streamwater Nitrate Concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern California AN - 17388979; 4617300 AB - We report streamwater nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)) concentrations for December 1995 to September 1998 from 19 sampling sites across a N deposition gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains. Streamwater NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations in Devil Canyon (DC), a high-pollution area, and in previously reported data from the San Gabriel Mountains 40 km northeast of Los Angeles, are the highest values reported in North America for undisturbed forest or shrub land watersheds. Concentrations in the primary stream draining western DC peaked at 350 mu mol L super(-1) in December 1997 and minimum base flow NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations were nearly always greater than or equal to 80 mu mol L super(-1). In the San Gorgonio Wilderness (SGW), average NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations in four streams along the southern transect (moderate N deposition), ranged from 10 to 37 mu mol L super(-1), while average NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations were less than or equal to 0.7 mu mol L super(-1) in seven streams along the northern transect (low N deposition). Peak NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations in DC and in the SGW occurred after large winter storms, and a large spike in NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations (10-370 mu mol L super(-1)) in SGW Streams 1 to 5 was observed after thundershower activity in July 1997. Streamwater export of NO sub(3)-N from Devil Canyon ranged from 3.6 to 11.6 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) during water years 1995 to 1998. This study further indicates that N emissions from fossil fuels and agriculture impact not only air quality, but also water quality from watersheds that are recipients of atmospheric N deposition. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Res. Stn., Forest Fire Lab., 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, mfenn@deltanet.com Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 822 EP - 836 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, California, San Bernardino Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Rivers KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Nitrates KW - Water Sampling KW - Forests KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Storms KW - Water pollution KW - Nitrogen Compounds KW - Mountains KW - Emissions KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Freshwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17388979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+Spatial+Trends+in+Streamwater+Nitrate+Concentrations+in+the+San+Bernardino+Mountains%2C+Southern+California&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=822&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Pollution monitoring; Nitrates; Mountains; Emissions; Forests; Air-water interactions; Watersheds; Storms; Streams; Water pollution; Freshwater pollution; Nitrogen Compounds; Water Sampling; Deposition; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolic Acids and Nutrient Content for Aquatic Macrophytes from Fall River, California AN - 17380998; 4603590 AB - We compared seasonal changes in tissue C, tissue N, C:N ratio, and total phenolic acids for five species of submersed plants from Fall River, California. Mean tissue C differed among the five species and was between 35 and 40%, except for Ranunculus aquatilis, which was 26%. Mean tissue N differed among species; Ranunculus aquatilis had the lowest mean value (2.71%) and Zannichellia palustris had the highest (3.74%). Mean C:N ratio was between 9.7 and 12.7. Among the five species examined, mean phenolic acid content was greatest for Myriophyllum sibiricum and it was nearly seven times that for the species with the lowest phenolic acid content, Elodea canadensis. Regression analysis indicated positive relationships between phenolic acid content and tissue C for two species, Callitriche hermaphroditica and Ranunculus aquatilis. Regression equations relating phenolic acid content to tissue N were not statistically significant. For Elodea canadensis, the equation describing phenolic acid content as a function of the C:N ratio had a negative slope, while the equation for Callitriche hermaphroditica, had a significant positive slope. Knowledge of the relationships between plant nutrient content and phenolic acids may lead to better understanding of aquatic plant/herbivore/microbe interactions and might result in improvements in the timing of applications of biological control agents in aquatic plant management. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weed Research Unit, Weed Science Program - Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 197 EP - 209 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Phenolic acids KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Fall R. KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Timing KW - Regression Analysis KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Organic Acids KW - Elodea KW - Nutrients KW - Macrophytes KW - Carbon KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Carbon/nitrogen ratio KW - Comparison Studies KW - Slopes KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Nitrogen KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Phenolic+Acids+and+Nutrient+Content+for+Aquatic+Macrophytes+from+Fall+River%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrients; Elodea; Seasonal Variations; Slopes; Organic Acids; Aquatic Plants; Macrophytes; Timing; Carbon; Nitrogen; Comparison Studies; Regression Analysis; Nutrient concentrations; Rivers; Carbon/nitrogen ratio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An attractant trap for autodissemination of entomopathogenic fungi into populations of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) AN - 17378293; 4596316 AB - Autodissemination may be effective against the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, in situations where habitats of its larvae are inaccessible. Trapping systems with attractants for both male and female Japanese beetles are commercially available. We fabricated an inoculation chamber which fits between the top of a standard Trece Catch Can Japanese beetle Trap and its holding canister. Beetles which are attracted to the trap fall through a hole in the inoculation chamber and land on a mesh screen. A partial funnel and canister attachment from a metal Ellisco Japanese Beetle Trap was secured beneath a hole in the floor at the opposite end of the chamber. A 10-cm section in the middle of the box, between the entrance hole in the roof and the exit hole in the floor, allows space for a dish containing the inoculum to be placed into the chamber through a door in the side of the unit. The trap has been tested with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin as the pathogen. Beetles emerging from the device in the field were captured and returned to the laboratory where the presence of conidia and mortality to adult beetles from the fungus were confirmed. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Klein, M G AU - Lacey, LA AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Application Technology Research Unit, OARDC, 1680 Madison Ave. Wooster, OH 44691, USA, klein.10@osu.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 151 EP - 158 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Coleoptera KW - Scarab beetles KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Popillia japonica KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Catching methods KW - Pathogens KW - Attractants KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=An+attractant+trap+for+autodissemination+of+entomopathogenic+fungi+into+populations+of+the+Japanese+beetle+Popillia+japonica+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scarabaeidae%29&rft.au=Klein%2C+M+G%3BLacey%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583159929730 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scarabaeidae; Popillia japonica; Attractants; Pathogens; Catching methods DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583159929730 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal Management of Multiple Renewable Resource Stocks: An Application to Minke Whales AN - 17375431; 4561907 AB - Most bioeconomic models of efficient renewable resource management are constructed for a single harvesting ground. A bioeconomic model is developed in this paper to study the optimal management of renewable resources that are found in spatially distinct harvesting grounds. The model is applied to Minke whale management. Important inter-regional substitution effects are shown to exist. In addition, comparison with previous studies shows that multiple stock management is necessary for efficient management. Finally, the current Minke whale moratorium is shown to be inefficient unless significant nonmarket values exist. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Horan, R D AU - Shortle, J S AD - RED/ERS/USDA, Room 4015, 1800 M St. NW, Washington, D. C. 20036-5831, USA, rhoran@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 435 EP - 458 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Minke whale KW - marine mammals KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Resource management KW - Management Planning KW - Environmental economics KW - Wildlife KW - Mammalia KW - Rare species KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Resources Management KW - Marine mammals KW - Nature conservation KW - Economic analysis KW - Balaenoptera acutorostrata KW - Whales KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Optimal+Management+of+Multiple+Renewable+Resource+Stocks%3A+An+Application+to+Minke+Whales&rft.au=Horan%2C+R+D%3BShortle%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Horan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008261710951 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Marine mammals; Economic analysis; Nature conservation; Rare species; Environmental economics; Wildlife; Mammalia; Management Planning; Monte Carlo Method; Resources Management; Whales; Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008261710951 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen dynamics in forest soils after municipal sludge additions AN - 17372447; 4577482 AB - Nitrogen dynamics were assessed for a forested site in southern New Hampshire during the first and second growing seasons after surface application of an aerobically-digested, limed, liquid municipal sludge. Sludge was applied in June 1989, at 3.3, 6.9, and 14.5 M ha super(-1) (or 199, 396, and 740 kg TKN ha super(-1)). Elevated net N mineralization (in situ buried bags) occurred in the organic and upper mineral soil horizons during the first two months after sludge application, but was similar to control levels thereafter. Net N mineralization was negligible at 30 and 60 cm soil depths. Foliar N concentration increased with sludge loading rates. Concentrations of NH super(+) sub(4) and NO super(-) sub(3) in soil leachate were low, except in early fall when microbial activity was still high and plant demand was low. In trenched subplots where vegetative uptake was eliminated, NO super(-) sub(3) concentrations in soil leachate (60 cm) rose to between 15 and 35 mg NL super(-1) in the first year and remained high in the second year. Other studies reported higher magnitudes of NO super(-) sub(3) leaching from treated plots. These studies and the findings reported here shown the characteristics of the sludge being applied to land are at least as important as the physical and chemical characteristics of the site to which they are to be applied. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Hallett, R A AU - Bowden, W B AU - Smith, C T AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH, USA, rah@unh.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 259 EP - 278 VL - 112 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Leaching KW - Municipal Wastes KW - Land Disposal KW - Forests KW - Mineralization KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge KW - Land application KW - Soil Horizons KW - Soil KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+dynamics+in+forest+soils+after+municipal+sludge+additions&rft.au=Hallett%2C+R+A%3BBowden%2C+W+B%3BSmith%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Hallett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005086413282 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Sludge; Land Disposal; Soil Horizons; Forests; Municipal Wastes; Soil; Nitrogen; Sludge disposal; Mineralization; Land application DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005086413282 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrated Parker-Klingeman Model for Gravel Transport AN - 17367068; 4564212 AB - The Parker-Klingeman (P-K) model is a state-of-the-art approach to prediction of gravel transport in river channels. This technical note describes the P-K model in simple terms and presents a practical method for local calibration of model constants by procedures that minimize variance and bias. Using site calibration rather than modeling constants from the literature extends the range of applicability of the P-K model in terms of stream slopes and substrate sizes. Model prediction capability becomes less contingent on having stream characteristics that match the streams used in model development. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Bakke, P D AU - Basdekas, PO AU - Dawdy AU - Klingeman, P C AD - USDA-Forest Service, 2819 Dahlia St., Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 657 EP - 660 VL - 125 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Rivers KW - Flow Velocity KW - Bed load KW - Gravel KW - Mathematical models KW - Hydraulic engineering KW - Streamflow KW - Sediment transport KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Calibrated+Parker-Klingeman+Model+for+Gravel+Transport&rft.au=Bakke%2C+P+D%3BBasdekas%2C+PO%3BDawdy%3BKlingeman%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9429%281999%29125%3A6%28657%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Gravel; Bed load; Hydraulic engineering; Sediment transport; Rivers; Sediment Transport; Flow Velocity; Streamflow DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:6(657) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of xanthene dyes to entomopathogenic fungi AN - 17331200; 4596322 AB - Effects of xanthene dyes on mycelial growth and conidial germination in three species of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, were evaluated in a variety of assay systems. In a disk-diffusion assay, erythrosin B and phloxine B (but not eosin B) produced zones of inhibition in colonies of all three species under continuous exposure to light at disk-loadings of 100 mu g. None of the dyes produced zones of inhibition in the absence of light at disk loadings of 100 mu g. Both erythrosin B and phloxine B inhibited mycelial growth of all three species in the light in a dose-dependent manner. Weaker dose-responses for inhibition of growth in the dark were observed for some fungus/dye combinations. Erythrosin B, tested singly, completely inhibited conidial germination in the light in all eight fungal strains tested at 100 mu g ml super(-1) medium, but failed to inhibit conidial germination in any of these strains in the dark at the same concentration of dye. For single strains of each of the three fungi, erythrosin B and phloxine B inhibited conidial germination in a dose-dependent manner in the light with IC sub(50)s < 6.2 mu g dye ml super(-1) medium for all fungus/dye combinations. Phloxine B was a more potent inhibitor of germination than erythrosin B for all three fungal species. At fixed dosages of erythrosin B and phloxine B, inhibition of conidial germination in all three species increased with time of exposure to light. These results constitute the first quantitative demonstration of photodynamic inhibition of conidial germination in fungi by xanthene dyes. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Krasnoff, S B AU - Faloon, D AU - Williams, JE AU - Gibson, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, sbk1@cornell.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 215 EP - 225 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - xanthene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Germination KW - Antifungal agents KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Conidia KW - Entomopathogenic fungi KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - Dyes KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17331200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+xanthene+dyes+to+entomopathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Krasnoff%2C+S+B%3BFaloon%2C+D%3BWilliams%2C+JE%3BGibson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Krasnoff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583159929794 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Entomopathogenic fungi; Conidia; Antifungal agents; Germination; Dyes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583159929794 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial diversity in agroecosystems AN - 17319586; 4593564 AB - All life forms rely on bacterial processes for their survival. Bacterial diversity is greater than the diversity of any other group of organisms. Bacteria are responsible for diverse metabolic functions that affect soil and plant health. Nutrient cycling, organic matter formation and decomposition, soil structure formation, and plant growth promotion are among the beneficial functions that bacteria perform. Deleterious effects include plant disease promotion. As bacterial functioning is critical to soil and plant health, the objective of this manuscript was to explore bacterial diversity and bioindication in agroecosystems. Microbial research has generally involved studying bacteria that are culturable. However, it is estimated that only a small portion of all bacteria are culturable, a vast portion of soil bacterial communities remains unstudied. With molecular techniques, more information can be obtained about those bacteria that are contributing to ecosystem functioning and are viable, but not culturable. Enhancing knowledge of soil bacterial functioning and diversity will aid in the development of sustainable agroecosystems. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Kennedy, A C AD - USDA-ARS, P 0. Box 646421, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA, akennedy@wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 65 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. VL - 74 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Species diversity KW - D 04600:Soil KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17319586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Bacterial+diversity+in+agroecosystems&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-8809%2899%2900030-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Invertebrate biodiversity as bioindicators of sustainable landscapes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Species diversity; Agricultural ecosystems; Bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00030-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of within-field and landscape factors on aphid predator populations in wheat AN - 17319496; 4598473 AB - The influence of prey density, within-field vegetation, and the composition and patchiness of the surrounding landscape on the abundance of insect predators of cereal aphids was studied in wheat fields in eastern South Dakota, USA. Cereal aphids, aphid predators, and within-field vegetation were sampled in 104 fields over a three year period (1988-1990). The composition and patchiness of the landscape surrounding each field were determined from high altitude aerial photographs. Five landscape variables, aggregated at three spatial scales ranging from 2.6 km super(2) to 581 km super(2), were measured from aerial photographs. Regression models incorporating within-field and landscape variables accounted for 27-49% of the variance in aphid predator abundance in wheat fields. Aphid predator species richness and species diversity were also related to within-field and landscape variables. Some predators were strongly influenced by variability in the composition and patchiness of the landscape surrounding a field at a particular spatial scale while others responded to variability at all scales. Overall, predator abundance, species richness, and species diversity increased with increasing vegetational diversity in wheat fields and with increasing amounts of non-cultivated lands and increasing patchiness in the surrounding landscape. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Elliott, N C AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - Lee, J-H AU - French, B W AD - USDA, ARS, Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 239 EP - 252 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Aphids KW - Homoptera KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Landscape architecture KW - Patches KW - Population levels KW - Predators KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17319496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+within-field+and+landscape+factors+on+aphid+predator+populations+in+wheat&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BLee%2C+J-H%3BFrench%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008002528345 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Predators; Landscape architecture; Population levels; Patches DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008002528345 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems AN - 17315103; 4593565 AB - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] are soil fungi which form a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of plants. A variety of benefits to the host have been ascribed to mycorrhizae, most often enhanced uptake of immobile nutrients from the soil, notably P. An understanding of the impacts of agronomic practices upon communities of these fungi would help to ensure an opportunity for the utilization of the symbiosis and contribute to the success of sustainable agriculture. Measurement of the diversity of AMF communities in field soils presents a variety of challenges, among them the difficulty of identifying field collected spores, the detection of non-sporulating members of the community, and the lack of relation between functional diversity and the morphological diversity of spores used to delineate species. These challenges, as well as current efforts to overcome them, are discussed and recent research elaborating the effects of agromonic practices upon AMF communities and the effectiveness of mycorrhizae is presented. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Millner, P D AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor PA, 19038 USA, ddouds@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 77 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. VL - 74 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Biodiversity+of+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi+in+agroecosystems&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BMillner%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-8809%2899%2900031-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Invertebrate biodiversity as bioindicators of sustainable landscapes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Species diversity; Mycorrhizas; Agricultural ecosystems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00031-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the Diptera AN - 17312791; 4586022 AB - Spiders, dung-feeding scarabs, social, and prey-storing insects provide predictable and concentrated sources of food for a variety of thief flies (kleptoparasites) and their larvae. Whenever waiting in the vicinity of the "host" for an opportunity to exploit its resources is more energy efficient and less dangerous than foraging among hosts, a number of intimate relationships between the fly and host may evolve. In extreme cases, flies may become long-term phoretic associates that travel with hosts even while the latter is in flight. The behaviors and ecologies of kleptoparasitic Diptera are reviewed with special attention paid to the adaptations of Sphaeroceridae phoretic upon Scarabaeidae. The mating systems of kleptoparasitic flies are influenced by the type of resource that is stolen; flies associated with predators are mostly female, while those found on scarabs are of both sexes. These differences are discussed in terms of mate location, sperm competition, and mate choice. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Sivinski, J AU - Marshall, S AU - Petersson, E AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, P. O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 179 EP - 197 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Araneae KW - Coleoptera KW - Diptera KW - Scarab beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Phoresy KW - Sphaeroceridae KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Feeding behavior KW - Kleptoparasitism KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17312791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Kleptoparasitism+and+phoresy+in+the+Diptera&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J%3BMarshall%2C+S%3BPetersson%2C+E&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scarabaeidae; Sphaeroceridae; Kleptoparasitism; Feeding behavior; Phoresy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of xylitol by Candida peltata AN - 17311190; 4591586 AB - The ability of Candida peltata NRRL Y-6888 to ferment xylose to xylitol was evaluated under different fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature, aeration, substrate concentration and in the presence of glucose, arabinose, ethanol, methanol and organic acids. Maximum xylitol yield of 0.56 g g super(-1) xylose was obtained when the yeast was cultivated at pH 6.0, 28 degree C and 200 rpm on 50 g L super(-1) xylose. The yeast produced ethanol (0.41 g g super(-1) in 40 h) from glucose (50 g L super(-1)) and arabitol (0.55 g g super(-1) in 87 h) from arabinose (50 g L super(-1)). It preferentially utilized glucose > xylose > arabinose from mixed substrates. Glucose (10 g L super(-1)), ethanol (7.5 g L super(-1)) and acetate (5 g L super(-1)) inhibited xylitol production by 61, 84 and 68%, respectively. Arabinose (10 g L super(-1)) had no inhibitory effect on xylitol production. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 633 EP - 636 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - arabinose KW - ethanol KW - glucose KW - methanol KW - organic acids KW - xylitol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Fermentation KW - Candida peltata KW - pH effects KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03030:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17311190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+xylitol+by+Candida+peltata&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida peltata; pH effects; Temperature effects; Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of corn fiber to ethanol by recombinant E. coli strain FBR3 AN - 17310980; 4591579 AB - We have developed a novel ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR3 that is an efficient biocatalyst for converting mixed sugar streams (eg, arabinose, glucose, and xylose) into ethanol. In this report, the strain was tested for conversion of corn fiber hydrolysates into ethanol. Corn fiber hydrolysates with total sugar concentrations of 7.5% (w/v) were prepared by reacting corn fiber with dilute sulfuric acid at 145 degree C. Initial fermentations of the hydrolysate by strain FBR3 had lag times of approximately 30 h judged by ethanol production. Further experiments indicated that the acetate present in the hydrolysate could not solely account for the long lag. The lag phase was greatly reduced by growing the pre-seed and seed cultures on corn fiber hydrolysate. Ethanol yields for the optimized fermentations were 90% of theoretical. Maximum ethanol concentrations were 2.80% w/v, and the fermentations were completed in approximately 50 h. The optimal pH for the fermentation was 6.5. Below this pH, sugar consumption was incomplete and above it, excess base addition was required throughout the fermentation. Two alternative neutralization methods (overliming and overliming with sulfite addition) have been reported for improving the fermentability of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. These methods further reduced the lag phase of the fermentation, albeit by a minor amount. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Iten, L B AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 575 EP - 581 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - arabinose KW - ethanol KW - glucose KW - maize KW - sulfuric acid KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Zea mays KW - Escherichia coli KW - Hydrolysates KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17310980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+corn+fiber+to+ethanol+by+recombinant+E.+coli+strain+FBR3&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BIten%2C+L+B%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Zea mays; Hydrolysates; Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphological and molecular analysis of genetic stability in micropropagated Fragaria x ananassa cv. pocahontas AN - 17307207; 4568188 AB - Micropropagated strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa L.) grown on 5 mu M and 15 mu M BA medium or cold-stored were grown in the field to examine morphological variation. Except for plant height, morphological characteristics did not differ for field-grown plants micropropagated on 5 mu M and 15 mu M BA medium. Cold-stored plants were less vigorous, both vegetatively and reproductively, than BA-treated plants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine if cold storage or supraoptimal levels of N super(6)-benzyladenine (BA) in the culture medium caused genetic changes leading to somaclonal variation. No mutations were observed in 246 loci amplified by the 29 primers tested. Possible changes in methylation patterns of ribosomal DNA genes of strawberries were also examined. Changes in methylation patterns were observed in only one DNA sample from plants grown on 15 mu M BA medium and in one of the cold-stored plants. Length polymorphism was observed in two samples from plantlets derived from one explant. The low levels of RAPD variation and methylation observed, and the apparently epigenetic changes in morphological characteristics in plants used in this study, indicated that mutations had not occurred. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Kumar, M B AU - Barker, R E AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 254 EP - 258 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - genetics KW - micropropagation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - DNA methylation KW - Fragaria ananassa KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17307207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Morphological+and+molecular+analysis+of+genetic+stability+in+micropropagated+Fragaria+x+ananassa+cv.+pocahontas&rft.au=Kumar%2C+M+B%3BBarker%2C+R+E%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fragaria ananassa; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; DNA methylation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adding gelling agents to cotton ovule culture media leads to subtle changes in fiber development AN - 17306929; 4568190 AB - Young cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) ovules will produce fiber in vitro when floated on a defined culture medium. Our laboratory is interested in examining the effects of altered gravity environments on fiber development as a model for the effects of gravity on cell expansion and cellulose biosynthesis. Since liquid culture media are unsuitable for altered gravity experiments, addition of gelling agents to cotton ovule culture media is necessary. In this study we have systematically examined the effects of four gelling agents at several concentrations on fiber production in culture. A rapid screening method using toluidine blue O staining indicated that after 3 wk in culture, fiber growth on 0.15% (wt/vol) Phytagel super(TM) medium was similar to fiber growth on liquid medium. More detailed analysis of fiber development revealed that fiber length was not influenced by the addition of Phytagel super(TM). Accumulation of cellulose, however, was reduced 50-60% compared with fibers produced in liquid media after 3 wk in culture. The fiber cellulose content rose with additional time in culture for both solid and liquid media treatments. By 4 wk in culture, the difference in cellulose content of fiber cell walls grown on solid versus liquid media was less than 20%. This variance in growth response on gelled media could be due to differences in media matric potential, to the immobility of ions trapped within the gel, or to toxicity of contaminants copurifying with Phytagel super(TM). By identifying why ovule growth and fiber cellulose biosynthesis are reduced in cultures grown on gelled media, it will be possible to reveal new information about these processes in a system that is less complicated than physiological it will be possible to reveal new information about these processes in a system that is less complicated than physiological systems at the whole plant level. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Triplett, BA AU - Johnson, D S AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 265 EP - 270 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - cellulose KW - gelling agents KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Gravity KW - Liquid culture KW - Media (culture) KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Adding+gelling+agents+to+cotton+ovule+culture+media+leads+to+subtle+changes+in+fiber+development&rft.au=Triplett%2C+BA%3BJohnson%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Triplett&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Media (culture); Liquid culture; Gravity; Fibers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding Injury, Oviposition, and Nymphal Survivorship of the Potato Leafhopper on Red Maple and Freeman Maple Clones AN - 17306665; 4575504 AB - Feeding injury, oviposition, and nymphal survivorship of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, (Harris), were measured among 5 red maple, Acer rubrum L., clones and 2 Freeman maple, A. X freemanii E. Murray, cultivars. Symptoms of feeding injury among the 5 red maple clones varied in severity among trees in the field. Red maple clone 56026 was the most susceptible, and red maple clones 57775 and 55410 were the most tolerant. The Freeman cultivars were most tolerant to feeding, with 'Jeffersred' showing no sign of insect injury. Oviposition was significantly higher on the susceptible clone 56026, but significantly lower on Jeffersred than on the other clones. Fewer nymphs became adults when reared on 'Indian Summer' than when reared on the other clones. Although the data showed that red maple is more susceptible to feeding injury by the potato leafhopper than Freeman maple, no clear-cut relationship exists between susceptibility to feeding injury and host acceptability for oviposition or host suitability for nymphal development. The differences among the maple clones tested in this study suggest that red maple and Freeman maple may have different mechanisms of resistance against the potato leafhopper. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bentz, J-A AU - Townsend, A M AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Building 010A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 456 EP - 460 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Cicadellids KW - Homoptera KW - Red maple KW - nymphs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Feeding KW - Cicadellidae KW - Herbivory KW - Survival KW - Acer rubrum KW - Host plants KW - Empoasca fabae KW - Oviposition KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Feeding+Injury%2C+Oviposition%2C+and+Nymphal+Survivorship+of+the+Potato+Leafhopper+on+Red+Maple+and+Freeman+Maple+Clones&rft.au=Bentz%2C+J-A%3BTownsend%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=J-A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer rubrum; Cicadellidae; Empoasca fabae; Survival; Host plants; Herbivory; Feeding; Oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postdiapause Development and Prediction of Hatch of Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 17305833; 4575490 AB - Phenological predictions of life stages of rangeland grasshoppers can be improved with models that predict egg hatch. We investigated the postdiapause development and hatch of the grasshopper Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) in the grasslands of southwest Montana during a 3-yr period. Postdiapause embryonic development rates were estimated by exposing eggs to 12 different constant temperature regimes from 9 to 42 degree C. We used the population model design system to generate a development rate function and to predict hatch at one site in southwestern Montana for 3 yr and at another site in southwestern Montana for 2 yr. When estimated hatch was compared with field occurrence of 1st instars, the 50% occurrence dates were very similar; within 2.0 plus or minus 1.8 d for all 5 comparisons. The results of our investigations should enhance the ability of decision support systems for grasshopper management to provide forecasts to land managers and pest advisors. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fisher, J R AU - Kemp, W P AU - Pierson, F B AD - Pacific West Area, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 347 EP - 352 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Grasshoppers KW - Orthoptera KW - USA, Montana KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Acrididae KW - Diapause KW - Hatching KW - Ageneotettix deorum KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17305833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Postdiapause+Development+and+Prediction+of+Hatch+of+Ageneotettix+deorum+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R%3BKemp%2C+W+P%3BPierson%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Ageneotettix deorum; Hatching; Diapause ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of peruvian maize extracts on growth, development, and fecundity of the European corn borer AN - 17302158; 4575802 AB - Twelve Peruvian maize, Zea mays, accessions were selected because of their relatively high level of field resistance to first-generation European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, larval leaf-feeding. Water extracts of freeze-dried, powdered, leaf tissue were incorporated into a standard ECB diet, fed to larvae, and the effects on larval growth, development, and fecundity were measured. Larval and pupal weights were monitored as were the time elapsed in the larval, pupal, and adult stages. Adult fecundity and egg fertility were recorded. The experiment was a randomized block design (larvae and pupae) or a completely randomized design (adults) and analyzed with ANOVA ( alpha = 0.05). Pairwise comparisons were made between groups of insects grown on diets containing extracts from the Peruvian lines, a standard diet, or diets containing extracts of a known susceptible inbred, and a known resistant inbred line. Survival was analyzed with a chi-squared test ( alpha = 0.05). Two Peruvian accessions significantly reduced female larval and pupal weights, extended pupal and adult development time, and decreased survival of pupae and adults. Water extracts also had a pronounced impact on males; two accessions significantly reduced pupal weight and extended the time required to pupate, and one reduced male survival to adults. The results indicate that water-soluble factors from resistant Peruvian accessions inhibit the growth, developmental time, and survival of ECB. These resistance factors could be useful in the development of maize germplasm with insect-resistant traits. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Binder, B F AU - Robbins, J C AU - Wilson, R L AU - Abel, CA AU - Hinz, P N AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Lab., c/o Insectary, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1281 EP - 1294 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Cutworms KW - Lepidoptera KW - larvae KW - maize KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Development KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Host plants KW - Growth KW - Fecundity KW - Zea mays KW - Plant extracts KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17302158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+peruvian+maize+extracts+on+growth%2C+development%2C+and+fecundity+of+the+European+corn+borer&rft.au=Binder%2C+B+F%3BRobbins%2C+J+C%3BWilson%2C+R+L%3BAbel%2C+CA%3BHinz%2C+P+N&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Ostrinia nubilalis; Zea mays; Host plants; Fecundity; Development; Growth; Plant extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plethodontid Salamander Response to Silvicultural Practices in Missouri Ozark Forests AN - 17301390; 4557763 AB - There is little information on the effects of tree harvest on salamander populations in the midwestern United States. We present data on plethodontid salamander densities in replicated stands of three forest age classes in the southeastern Ozarks of Missouri. Forest age classes consisted of regeneration-cut sites 120 years old. Salamander abundance on 21, 144-m super(2) plots was determined by area- and time-constrained searches. We also compared age-class habitat characteristics, including downed woody debris, canopy cover, ground area cover, herbaceous vegetation, and woody vegetation. Salamander density was lowest in newly regenerated forests and highest in forests >120 years old. Comparisons of recently regenerated forests with mature forests >70 years old indicated that terrestrial salamanders were reduced to very low numbers when mature forests had been intensively harvested. This reduction may result from a decrease in microhabitat availability. Forest age-class comparisons further indicated that salamander abundance slowly increased over time after forests had regenerated. Management decisions that take into account plethodontid salamander abundance and their response to forest structural diversity are important components in sustaining ecosystem integrity while maximizing economic yield. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Herbeck, LA AU - Larsen AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resource Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7260, USA, lherbeckylvan.snr.missouri.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 623 EP - 632 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Lungless salamanders KW - USA, Missouri KW - silviculture KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Ecological effects KW - Salamanders KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Vegetation cover KW - Forestry KW - Forest industry KW - Plethodontidae KW - Amphibians KW - Environmental impact KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Population structure KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Plethodontid+Salamander+Response+to+Silvicultural+Practices+in+Missouri+Ozark+Forests&rft.au=Herbeck%2C+LA%3BLarsen&rft.aulast=Herbeck&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Forest industry; Environmental impact; Population density; Forests; Population structure; Ecosystem disturbance; Amphibians; Salamanders; Forestry; Ecological effects; Plethodontidae; USA, Missouri; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cofactor recycling in a coupled enzyme oxidation-reduction reaction: conversion of omega -oxo-fatty acids into omega -hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids AN - 17292278; 4564997 AB - Aldehydes are reduced to alcohols by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), whereas the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids. ADH and AldDH require, respectively, the reduced and oxidized forms of the cofactor NAD (NAD super(+)/NADH). By combining both oxidation and reduction reactions into one process, it is possible to produce alcohols and carboxylic acids simultaneously from aldehydes by continuous recycling of the NAD super(+)/NADH cofactor. However, both enzymes need to be active within the same pH region and buffer system. To test this hypothesis, the pH profile (V sub(max) and V sub(max)/K sub(m)) as well as the pK sub(a) of the prototropic groups involved in catalysis for both dehydrogenases were determined using (Z,Z)-nona-2,4-dienal as a model substrate. The pH profile (V sub(max) and V sub(max)/K sub(m)) of both enzymes overlapped in the pH range of 6-8 in potassium phosphate buffer. When the coupled enzyme system was used at pH 7 with 10% NAD super(+) cofactor, over 90% of the starting aldehyde was converted to its corresponding acid and alcohol derivatives in a I:I ratio. The sequential action of the enzymes lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase converts polyunsaturated fatty acids to aldehydic fatty acids. The products arising from the oxidation or reduction of the aldehydic functionality are of industrial interest. It was found that 13-oxo-9-(Z), II-(E)-tridecadienoic acid, the product of the sequential reaction of soya bean lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase from Chlorella pyrenoidosa on linoleic acid, is also a substrate in this coupled enzyme system. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Nunez, A AU - Foglia, T A AU - Piazza, G J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 207 EP - 212 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - 13-oxo-9-(Z), II-(E)-tridecadienoic acid KW - NAD KW - omega -hydroxy acid KW - omega -oxo-fatty acids KW - conversion KW - dicarboxylic acid KW - hydroperoxide lyase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Cofactors KW - Alcohol dehydrogenase KW - Chlorella pyrenoidosa KW - Lipoxygenase KW - W2 32355:Lipids and sterols KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Cofactor+recycling+in+a+coupled+enzyme+oxidation-reduction+reaction%3A+conversion+of+omega+-oxo-fatty+acids+into+omega+-hydroxy+and+dicarboxylic+acids&rft.au=Nunez%2C+A%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BPiazza%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Cofactors; Lipoxygenase; Alcohol dehydrogenase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression map for genes involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism in alfalfa root nodules AN - 17289072; 4553920 AB - During root nodule development several key genes involved in nitrogen fixation and assimilation exhibit enhanced levels of expression. However, little is known about the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of these transcripts. In a systematic study the transcripts for 13 of the essential enzymes involved in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) root nodule nitrogen and carbon metabolism were localized by in situ hybridization. A serial section approach allowed the construction of a map that reflects the relative distribution of these transcripts. In 33-day-old root nodules, the expression of nifH, NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14) and a cytosolic isoform of glutamine synthetase (GS13; GS; EC 6.3.1.2) were localized predominantly in a 5- to 15-cell-wide region in the distal part of the nitrogen-fixing zone. This zone was also the region of high expression for leghemoglobin, a second cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoform (GS100), aspartate aminotransferase-2 (AAT-2; EC 2.6.1.1), asparagine synthetase (AS; 6.3.5.4), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31), and sucrose synthase (SuSy; EC 2.4.1.13). This suggests that, in 33-day-old alfalfa root nodules, nitrogen fixation is restricted to this 5- to 15-cell-wide area. The continued significant expression of the GS100 subclass of GS and AS in the proximal part of the nitrogen-fixing zone implicates these gene products in nitrogen remobilization. A low constitutive expression of NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH; EC 1.4.1.2) was observed throughout the nodule. The transcript distribution map will be used as a navigational tool to assist in developing strategies for the genetic engineering of alfalfa root nodules for enhanced nitrogen assimilation. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Trepp, G B AU - Temple, S J AU - Bucciarelli, B AU - Shi, L F AU - Vance, C P AD - 411 Borlaug Hall, USDA-ARS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA, vance004@maroon.tc.umn.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 526 EP - 535 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Alfalfa KW - Gene expression KW - glutamate synthase (NADH) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Nodules KW - Glutamate-ammonia ligase KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Gene mapping KW - Medicago sativa KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17289072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Expression+map+for+genes+involved+in+nitrogen+and+carbon+metabolism+in+alfalfa+root+nodules&rft.au=Trepp%2C+G+B%3BTemple%2C+S+J%3BBucciarelli%2C+B%3BShi%2C+L+F%3BVance%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Trepp&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Nodules; Glutamate-ammonia ligase; Gene mapping; Nitrogen fixation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorophyll Meter Assessments of Corn Response to Nitrogen Management Practices AN - 17268580; 4558547 AB - Environmentally sound nitrogen (N) management is necessary to simultaneously achieve high crop yields and protect surface and groundwater quality. We evaluated a hand-held chlorophyll meter as a diagnostic tool for improving N management for corn (Zea mays L.). Five N fertilizer rates (0, 67, 134, 201 and 280 kg N ha super(-1)) were evaluated in one study, and in a second study, the meter was used to evaluate the N status of corn plants grown under varying tillage (chisel plow vs no-till), crop rotation (continuous corn vs corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]), and N management treatments. Meter readings were taken at several plant growth stages in both studies and correlated with plant N concentrations and grain yield. The chlorophyll meter readings detected differences in corn plants receiving low and high fertilizer N rates, as well as those grown with different tillage, N fertilizer management, and crop rotation practices. We recommend taking measurements between plant growth stages V9 and V12 and conclude that chlorophyll meters can be effective tools for improving N fertilizer management. JF - Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science AU - Siambi, M M AU - Karlen, D L AU - Shibles, R M AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 34 EP - 39 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0896-8381, 0896-8381 KW - maize KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Cultivation techniques KW - Crop rotation KW - Zea mays KW - Fertilizer applications KW - Ecosystem management KW - Nutrient status KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17268580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Iowa+Academy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Chlorophyll+Meter+Assessments+of+Corn+Response+to+Nitrogen+Management+Practices&rft.au=Siambi%2C+M+M%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BShibles%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Siambi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Iowa+Academy+of+Science&rft.issn=08968381&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Nutrient status; Ecosystem management; Cultivation techniques; Fertilizer applications; Crop rotation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between late-season severity of Stewart's bacterial wilt and seed infection in maize AN - 17257827; 4562545 AB - The relationship between the amount of foliar disease on maize plants and seed contamination by the causal bacterium, Pantoea stewartii, was studied by comparing disease severity on adult plants with results from laboratory seed tests. Seventy-seven naturally infected maize lines (25 in 1990 and 52 in 1992) were selected and assigned to one of six disease severity classes based on the percentage of ear leaf tissue killed by Stewart's wilt: trace to 2%, 6 to 14%, 25 to 34%, 35 to 49%, 50 to 74%, and 75 to 100%. Ears were harvested from 10 to 20 plants representative of the disease class for each maize line, and seeds were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of bulk-seed samples. Seed infection percentages were estimated from the bulk-test results by using statistical equations for group testing. The accuracy of the bulk-seed method for estimating seed infection was validated by comparison with 300-kernel single-seed tests. Infected seed was detected only from seed of plants with greater than or equal to 25% disease severity; however, 45 of 63 such seed lots had no infection. Three seed lots had >5% infected seeds, all from plants with >50% disease severity. The results suggest a possible threshold level between 15 and 25% disease severity for Stewart's wilt on leaves before bacteria are detected in seed. This study describes a relatively simple method for estimating the incidence of infected seeds in a seed lot and contributes additional evidence to indicate that the chance of spreading P. stewartii from U.S.-produced maize seeds is low. JF - Plant Disease AU - Block, C C AU - Hill, J H AU - McGee, D C AD - USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, ccblock@iastate.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 527 EP - 530 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Stewart's bacterial wilt KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plant diseases KW - Seeds KW - Pantoea stewartii KW - Zea mays KW - Wilt KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17257827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+late-season+severity+of+Stewart%27s+bacterial+wilt+and+seed+infection+in+maize&rft.au=Block%2C+C+C%3BHill%2C+J+H%3BMcGee%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pantoea stewartii; Zea mays; Wilt; Seeds; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using airborne digital imagery for detecting oak wilt disease AN - 17257132; 4562540 AB - Color-infrared (CIR) digital imagery was evaluated as a remote sensing tool for detecting oak wilt disease in live oak (Quercus fusiformis). Aerial CIR digital imagery and CIR photography were obtained concurrently of a live oak forested area in south-central Texas affected by oak wilt. Dead, diseased, and healthy live oak trees could generally be delineated as well in the digital imagery as in the CIR photography. Light reflectance measurements obtained in the field showed that dead, diseased, and healthy trees had different visible and near-infrared reflectance values. JF - Plant Disease AU - Everitt, J H AU - Escobar, DE AU - Appel, D N AU - Riggs, W G AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA-ARS, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, j-everitt@tamu.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 502 EP - 505 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - color-infrared digital imagery KW - detection KW - oak wilt disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Quericus fusiformis KW - Plant diseases KW - Aircraft KW - Wilt KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17257132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Using+airborne+digital+imagery+for+detecting+oak+wilt+disease&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BAppel%2C+D+N%3BRiggs%2C+W+G%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quericus fusiformis; Wilt; Aircraft; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing complexity of resistance in host populations through intermating to manage rust of pearl millet AN - 17255109; 4542110 AB - Pearl millet inbreds Tift 23DB, Tift 85DB, PS748BC, and Tift 89D sub(2) were used to develop three categories of host mixtures (physical mixtures, random-mated populations, and mixtures of two-way and three-way crosses) representing different levels of complexity of resistance through increased heterogeneity within populations and through stacking of resistance genes within the heterogeneous populations. The potential of these mixtures to reduce rust epidemics was evaluated in the field. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPCs) of all physical mixtures were less than the mean of the components in 1995 and were less than the mean of the components for five of the six mixtures in 1997. In 1996, AUDPCs of the physical mixtures were consistently greater than the mean of their components. AUDPCs of the random-mated mixtures and the mixtures of crosses were consistently less than the mean of the components in 1996 and 1997, with reductions ranging from 12 to 71%. Dry matter yield (DMY) of physical mixtures relative to the mean DMY of the components was inconsistent, ranging from 18% less to 50% more than the mean of the components. The random-mated populations and the mixtures of crosses yielded 18 to 40% more DMY than the mean yield of the pure stands of their components. JF - Phytopathology AU - Tapsoba, H AU - Wilson, J P AD - USDA-ARS Forage & Turf Research Unit, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA, jwilson@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 450 EP - 455 VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mating KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Plant diseases KW - Breeding KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17255109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Increasing+complexity+of+resistance+in+host+populations+through+intermating+to+manage+rust+of+pearl+millet&rft.au=Tapsoba%2C+H%3BWilson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Tapsoba&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pennisetum glaucum; Rust; Disease resistance; Mating; Breeding; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporation of bacteriocin in plastic retains activity and inhibits surface growth of bacteria on meat AN - 17244948; 4533989 AB - The bacteriocin, nisin, was incorporated into a polyethylene based plastic film and retained activity against the indicator bacteria Lactobacillus helveticus and Brochothrix thermosphacta . Beef carcass surface tissue sections (BCT) topically inoculated with the psychrotrophic spoilage bacterium B. thermosphacta were vacuum-packaged both with and without wrapping with the nisin impregnated plastic and held at 4 degree C. An initial reduction of 2 log sub(10)cycles of B. thermosphacta was observed with nisin-impregnated wrapped BCT within the first 2 days of storage. After 20 days of refrigerated storage, B. thermosphacta populations from nisin impregnated plastic wrapped samples were significantly less than (P<0.05) control vacuum-packaged samples; log sub(10)5.8 vs 7.2 cfu cm super(-2)respectively. Temperature abuse was simulated by shifting inoculated packs from 4 degree C (after 2 days) to 12 degree C. Again, by 20 days, the B. thermosphacta populations of treated samples wrapped with nisin impregnated plastic were significantly less than (P<0.05) control vacuum-packaged samples; log sub(10)3.6 vs 6.3 cfu cm super(-2)respectively. This work highlights the potential for incorporating antimicrobial peptides with a wider and different range of inhibitory activity directly into plastics of different properties for use in controlling food spoilage as well as preservation to enhance product microbial safety. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Cutter, C N AU - Willett, J L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, 68933, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 229 EP - 235 PB - Academic Press VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - bacteriocins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Brochothrix thermosphacta KW - Lactobacillus helveticus KW - Plastics KW - Preservatives KW - Food spoilage KW - Packaging KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Incorporation+of+bacteriocin+in+plastic+retains+activity+and+inhibits+surface+growth+of+bacteria+on+meat&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BWillett%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brochothrix thermosphacta; Lactobacillus helveticus; Food spoilage; Packaging; Plastics; Preservatives; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship of Spawning Mode to Conservation of North American Minnows (Cyprinidae) AN - 1034814854; 17023326 AB - Approximately 20% of North American minnows are considered imperiled. The factors responsible for imperilment in this group are complex, but the relationship of spawning mode to conservation of North American minnows has not been explored. I provide a summary of the spawning modes of imperiled North American minnows, discuss patterns between these modes and conservation status, and predict the spawning modes for several poorly-known imperiled species. Of the 46 species of North American minnows that are imperiled, spawning modes are known for only 13 species. All spawning modes are represented in the imperiled group of minnows except mound-building and egg-clustering, and with the exception of crevice-spawners and pit-ridge-builders, the percentage of imperiled minnows in each category of spawning mode is roughly proportional to the percentage of minnows in that category overall. Species with complex spawning modes, such as mound-building, pit-building and egg-clustering, are among the most common fishes in North American streams. This pattern suggests that there is a relationship between parental care and success (lack of imperilment) in minnows. Spawning mode is an important consideration in the formulation of recovery plans and proactive conservation efforts. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Johnston, Carol E AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Oxford, MS, 38655, U.S.A. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 21 EP - 30 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 55 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - North America KW - Parental behaviour KW - Spawning KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Streams KW - Cyprinidae KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034814854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+of+Spawning+Mode+to+Conservation+of+North+American+Minnows+%28Cyprinidae%29&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Carol+E&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1007576502479 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parental behaviour; Spawning; Freshwater fish; Streams; Conservation; Fish; Cyprinidae; North America; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007576502479 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snag density and composition of snag populations on two National Forests in northern Arizona AN - 17283292; 4485571 AB - Snags (standing dead trees) provide important habitat for forest wildlife, as well as a source of coarse woody debris important in forest succession. Because of their importance, some land-management agencies have standards for snag retention on lands under their jurisdiction (e.g. U.S. Forest Service, British Columbia Ministry of Forestry). Despite these guidelines, however, little information is typically available on snag numbers or dynamics on these lands. As part of a long-term effort to monitor snag dynamics, snag populations were sampled on 114 1-ha plots randomly located across six Ranger Districts on two National Forests in northern Arizona. Sixty plots were located in ponderosa pine forest, with the remainder in mixed-conifer forest. Small snags and snags in later decay classes numerically dominated snag populations. Because large snags are most useful to forest wildlife, this suggests a need to retain large trees as future snags. Only 6.7 and 16.7% of plots in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forest, respectively, met or exceeded current U.S. Forest Service standards for retention of large snags (defined as snags greater than or equal to 46 cm in diameter at breast height and 9 m in height) in this geographic region. Even plots with no evidence of timber or fuelwood harvest seldom met targets for retention of large snags, however. Only 30 and 32% of unlogged plots met or exceeded standards in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forest, respectively. This suggests that current standards for snag retention may be unrealistic, and that those standards may need to be reconsidered. Snag guidelines should be based on an understanding of both, snag dynamics and the requirements of snag-dependent wildlife species. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Ganey, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA Y1 - 1999/05/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 17 SP - 169 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 117 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Stand structure KW - Forests KW - Snags KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17283292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Snag+density+and+composition+of+snag+populations+on+two+National+Forests+in+northern+Arizona&rft.au=Ganey%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Ganey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-17&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests; Snags; Stand structure; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of mangrove trees and forests in Micronesia AN - 17197921; 4485567 AB - Volume equations were constructed for five species of mangrove trees on volcanic high islands of Micronesia in the north Pacific Ocean, where islands that span a distance of more than 3000 km from east to west are characterized by a gradient of rainfall from 3080 to 5250 mm/year and a range of typhoon frequency from less than one per century to several per decade. We also calculated mean annual increments for a subset of the trees. The inclusion of very large trees in the data set makes these volume equations unique. For the five most common species, separate volume equations were calculated for each of the two easternmost islands (Kosrae and Pohnpei), the remaining islands (`Western Islands', including Chuuk, Yap, and Palau), and all the islands together (Micronesia). Tree structure differed significantly among the three island groupings and for two species, between Kosrae and Pohnpei, which are only 560 km apart. Mean annual diameter increments for Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza indicated significantly faster growth on Kosrae (0.96 and 0.44 cm/year, respectively) than on Pohnpei (0.33 and 0.26 cm/year, respectively). Frequency distributions of diameter size classes on these two islands demonstrated a more even distribution of sizes and more large trees on Kosrae (e.g., up to 3.2 m in diameter for S. alba). Differences in diameter distributions may be attributed to a typhoon that devastated Pohnpei, but not Kosrae, in 1905, but differences in growth rates cannot yet be explained. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cole, T G AU - Ewel, K C AU - Devoe, N N AD - Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323 Honolulu, Hl 96813 USA Y1 - 1999/05/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 17 SP - 95 EP - 109 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 117 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Micronesia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Volumetric analysis KW - Trees KW - Tropical regions KW - Rainfall KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Population dynamics KW - Sonneratia alba KW - Marine KW - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - ISEW, Caroline Is., Micronesia KW - Community structure KW - Population structure KW - Typhoons KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17197921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Structure+of+mangrove+trees+and+forests+in+Micronesia&rft.au=Cole%2C+T+G%3BEwel%2C+K+C%3BDevoe%2C+N+N&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-05-17&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Volumetric analysis; Rainfall; Mangrove swamps; Population structure; Population dynamics; Typhoons; Ecosystem disturbance; Community structure; Trees; Tropical regions; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Sonneratia alba; ISEW, Caroline Is., Micronesia; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early colonization of the rat upper respiratory tract by temperature modulated Bordetella bronchiseptica AN - 17370533; 4569199 AB - The ability of nonmodulated Bvg super(+) phase cultures, temperature modulated Bvg super(-) phase cultures, and a Bvg super(-) phase-locked mutant of Bordetella bronchiseptica to colonize the rat upper respiratory tract was investigated. Initially, greater numbers of the temperature modulated Bvg super(-) phase bacteria adhered to the nasal cavity of the rats. The temperature modulated Bvg super(-) phase bacteria appeared to be quickly cleared to levels lower than the Bvg super(+) phase bacteria by 4 h after inoculation and stayed lower until 48 h after inoculation when colonization levels were equal to the Bvg super(+) phase bacteria. The level of colonization with the Bvg super(-) phase-locked mutant of B. bronchiseptica was lower than both the nonmodulated Bvg super(+) phase and temperature modulated Bvg super(-) phase cultures and declined over time during the experiment. These findings suggest that there may be increased adherence from an environmental phase to ensure bacteria survive initial clearance mechanisms until the switch to the Bvg super(+) phase occurs. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Brockmeier, S L AD - Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 225 EP - 229 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 174 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Animal models KW - Respiratory tract KW - J 02841:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Early+colonization+of+the+rat+upper+respiratory+tract+by+temperature+modulated+Bordetella+bronchiseptica&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2899%2900143-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Animal models; Respiratory tract; Colonization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00143-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Targeted isolation of simple sequence repeat markers through the use of bacterial artificial chromosomes AN - 17253843; 4519176 AB - Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are versatile DNA markers that are readily assayed and highly informative. Unfortunately, non-targeted approaches to SSR development often leave large genomic regions without SSR markers. In some cases these same genomic regions are already populated by other types of DNA markers, especially restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). To identify SSR markers in such regions, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be used as intermediaries. First, one or more BAC clones in a region of interest are identified through the use of an existing DNA marker. BAC clones uncovered in this initial step are then used to create a small insert DNA library that can be screened for the presence of SSR-containing clones. Because BAC inserts are often 100-kb pairs or more in size, most contain one or more SSRs. This strategy was applied to two regions of the soybean genome near genes that condition resistance to the soybean cyst nematode on molecular linkage groups G and A2. This targeted approach to identifying new DNA markers can readily be extended to other types of DNA markers, including single nucleotide polymorphisms. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Cregan, P B AU - Mudge, J AU - Fickus, E W AU - Marek, L F AU - Danesh, D AU - Denny, R AU - Shoemaker, R C AU - Matthews, B F AU - Jarvik, T AU - Young, N D AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, Bldg. 006, Room. 100, USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705,USA, pcregan@gig.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/05/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 11 SP - 919 EP - 928 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 98 IS - 6/7 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Nemas KW - bacterial artificial chromosomes KW - simple sequence repeats KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Nematoda KW - Glycine max KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - G 07191:Analysis techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Targeted+isolation+of+simple+sequence+repeat+markers+through+the+use+of+bacterial+artificial+chromosomes&rft.au=Cregan%2C+P+B%3BMudge%2C+J%3BFickus%2C+E+W%3BMarek%2C+L+F%3BDanesh%2C+D%3BDenny%2C+R%3BShoemaker%2C+R+C%3BMatthews%2C+B+F%3BJarvik%2C+T%3BYoung%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Cregan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-11&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6%2F7&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Nematoda; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of crop water stress index for LEPA irrigated corn AN - 17235794; 4519293 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the crop water stress index (CWSI) for low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) grown on slowly-permeable Pullman clay loam soil (fine, mixed, Torrertic Paleustoll) during the 1992 growing season at Bushland, Tex. The effects of six different irrigation levels (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 0% replenishment of soil water depleted from the 1.5-m soil profile depth) on corn yields and the resulting CWSI were investigated. Irrigations were applied in 25 mm increments to maintain the soil water in the 100% treatment within 60-80% of the "plant extractable soil water using LEPA technology, which wets alternate furrows only. The 1992 growing season was slightly wetter than normal. Thus, irrigation water use was less than normal, but the corn dry matter and grain yield were still significantly increased by irrigation. The yield, water use, and water use efficiency of fully irrigated corn were 1.246 kg/m super(2), 786 mm, and 1.34 kg/m super(3), respectively. CWSI was calculated from measurements of infrared canopy temperatures, ambient air temperatures, and vapor pressure deficit values for the six irrigation levels. A "non-water-stressed baseline equation for corn was developed using the diurnal infrared canopy temperature measurements as Tc-Ta = 1.06-2.56 VPD, where Tc was the canopy temperature ( degree C), Ta was the air temperature ( degree C) and VPD was the vapor pressure deficit (kPa). Trends in CWSI values were consistent with the soil water contents induced by the deficit irrigations. Both the dry matter and grain yields decreased with increased soil water deficit. Minimal yield reductions were observed at a threshold CWSI value of 0.33 or less for corn. The CWSI was useful for evaluating crop water stress in corn and should be a valuable tool to assist irrigation decision making together with soil water measurements and/or evapotranspiration models. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Yazar, A AU - Howell, T A AU - Dusek, DA AU - Copeland, K S AD - USDA-ARS, Conservation Production Research Laboratory, P. O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012-0010, USA, tahowellg.gov Y1 - 1999/05/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 11 SP - 171 EP - 180 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water use KW - Water stress KW - Corn KW - Irrigation KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Crops KW - Soil water KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17235794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+crop+water+stress+index+for+LEPA+irrigated+corn&rft.au=Yazar%2C+A%3BHowell%2C+T+A%3BDusek%2C+DA%3BCopeland%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Yazar&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-05-11&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water use; Water stress; Irrigation; Corn; Evapotranspiration; Crops; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat Separation of Prickly Sculpin, Cottus asper, and Coastrange Sculpin, Cottus aleuticus, in the Mainstem Smith River, Northwestern California AN - 17300529; 4559925 AB - Sympatric coastrange sculpin, Cottus aleuticus, and prickly sculpin, C. asper, occupied distinct habitats in the mainstem Smith River, northwestern California. For example, 90% of coastrange sculpin (n = 294) used habitat with water velocity > 5 cm times s super(-1), whereas 89% of prickly sculpin (n = 981) used habitat with water velocity less than or equal to 5 cm times s super(-1). Sixty-five percent of coastrange sculpin were found at depths 7 m. The strong spatial separation of coastrange and prickly sculpin in the mainstem Smith River contrasts with the overlap in their use of habitat in the nearby Eel River. Differences between the rivers in habitat availability, intensity of piscivory, and density of sculpins may contribute to this contrast. JF - Copeia AU - White, J L AU - Harvey, B C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, bch3xe.humboldt.edu Y1 - 1999/05/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 07 SP - 371 EP - 375 VL - 1999 IS - 2 SN - 0045-8511, 0045-8511 KW - Coastrange sculpin KW - Prickly sculpin KW - USA, California KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Water depth KW - USA, California, Smith R. KW - Water velocity KW - Sympatric populations KW - Cottus aleuticus KW - Niche overlap KW - Predation KW - Microhabitats KW - Population density KW - Habitat selection KW - Stream flow rate KW - Cottus asper KW - Habitat utilization KW - Geographical variations KW - Competition KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17300529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Habitat+Separation+of+Prickly+Sculpin%2C+Cottus+asper%2C+and+Coastrange+Sculpin%2C+Cottus+aleuticus%2C+in+the+Mainstem+Smith+River%2C+Northwestern+California&rft.au=White%2C+J+L%3BHarvey%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-07&rft.volume=1999&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Copeia&rft.issn=00458511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water depth; Sympatric populations; Microhabitats; Predation; Stream flow rate; Population density; Habitat selection; Competition; Water velocity; Niche overlap; Habitat utilization; Geographical variations; Cottus aleuticus; Cottus asper; USA, California, Smith R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of advance lodgepole pine regeneration to overstory removal in eastern Idaho AN - 17233781; 4522677 AB - Twenty-two stands of advance lodgepole pine released with overstory removal were sampled to determine height growth response. Tree and site characteristics correlated with release response were identified, and a mathematical model was developed to predict height growth in years 6 through 10 after release as a function of residual overstory basal area, height at release, percent rock cover, five-year cumulative growth prior to release, logging damage, stand elevation, and habitat type. Lodgepole pine responded to release with increased height growth in 97% of the trees sampled. Growth was similar to that of unsuppressed trees. Height growth is best when the entire overstory is removed and logging damage is avoided. Taller trees generally do not respond as well as shorter trees. However, trees growing fast before harvest continue to grow fast regardless of their height at release. Recommendations for selecting stands of advance lodgepole pine to release are provided. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Lewis Murphy, TE AU - Adams, D L AU - Ferguson, DE AD - USDA Forest Service, Dubois Ranger District, Targhee National Forest Dubois ID 83423, USA Y1 - 1999/05/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 05 SP - 235 EP - 244 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 120 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+advance+lodgepole+pine+regeneration+to+overstory+removal+in+eastern+Idaho&rft.au=Lewis+Murphy%2C+TE%3BAdams%2C+D+L%3BFerguson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lewis+Murphy&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1999-05-05&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - INTEGRATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE CONCENTRATION OF BACTERIA AND SEMINESTED PCR TO ENHANCE DETECTION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM FROM GROUND BEEF AND BOVINE CARCASS SPONGE SAMPLES AN - 915485541; 16098298 AB - AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) concentration of bacteria from ground beef and bovine carcass sponge samples was examined as a method to enhance the PCR detection of Salmonella typhimurium in these samples. Ground beef and carcass sponge samples were inoculated with progressively lower levels of S. typhimurium. Concentrated (10% HA) and unconcentrated samples were prepared for PCR after 0, 2, 3, or 4 h of nonselective enrichment. Without HA concentration and enrichment, Salmonella in ground beef was not detected by seminested PCR, even when present at levels of 105 cells/mL in the 1:10 ground beef homogenates. However, when bacteria in these samples were extracted with HA, limits of detection in nonenriched samples were 102-103 CFU/mL and in enriched samples were 101 CFU/mL (after 2 and 3 h enrichment) and 100 CFU/mL (after 4 h enrichment). Without concentration or enrichment, the limit of detection of Salmonella in carcass sponge samples was 103 cells/mL. HA concentration of these samples lowered this limit to 100 - 101 CFU/mL. Nine of 14 different Salmonella serotypes adhered to HA at proportions of 98.0% or more. JF - Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology AU - Berry, Elaine D AU - Siragusa, Gregory R AD - United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service2 Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 7 EP - 23 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3999, 1060-3999 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Automation KW - Beef KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J:02300 KW - A:01300 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/915485541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=INTEGRATION+OF+HYDROXYAPATITE+CONCENTRATION+OF+BACTERIA+AND+SEMINESTED+PCR+TO+ENHANCE+DETECTION+OF+SALMONELLA+TYPHIMURIUM+FROM+GROUND+BEEF+AND+BOVINE+CARCASS+SPONGE+SAMPLES&rft.au=Berry%2C+Elaine+D%3BSiragusa%2C+Gregory+R&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=10603999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4581.1999.tb00411.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beef; Salmonella typhimurium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00411.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chloroperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide on the viabilities of Aspergillus flavus conidiospores. AN - 69874602; 10395080 AB - The effects of chloroperoxidase [EC 1.1.1.10] and hydrogen peroxide on the viabilities of quiescent and germinating conidiospores of an aflatoxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus, were determined. Hydrogen peroxide was found moderately lethal and chloroperoxidase produced a 30-fold increase in the lethality of hydrogen peroxide to germinating conidia, which were 75-fold more susceptible to chloroperoxidase than were quiescent conidia. According to infrared examinations of fungal corpses, mortality occurred by oxidation rather than peroxidative chlorination. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Jacks, T J AU - De Lucca, A J AU - Morris, N M AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 169 EP - 172 VL - 195 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Chloride Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.10 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Fungal -- drug effects KW - Spores, Fungal -- physiology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Chloride Peroxidase -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Aspergillus flavus -- physiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69874602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chloroperoxidase+and+hydrogen+peroxide+on+the+viabilities+of+Aspergillus+flavus+conidiospores.&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BDe+Lucca%2C+A+J%3BMorris%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a non-LTR retrotransposon from the gypsy moth. AN - 69844618; 10380107 AB - A family of highly repetitive elements, named LDT1, has been identified in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. The complete element is 5.4 kb in length and lacks long-terminal repeats. The element contains two open reading frames with a significant amino acid sequence similarity to several non-LTR retrotransposons. The first open reading frame contains a region that potentially encodes a polypeptide similar to DNA-binding GAG-like proteins. The second encodes a polypeptide resembling both endonuclease and reverse transcriptase sequences. All members of the LDT1 element family sequenced thus far have poly-A tails or A-rich tails of 12-18 nucleotides in length, but lack a poly-A addition signal in the expected location. The amplification of retrotransposon insertion junction regions in different gypsy moth individuals indicates that polymorphisms exist at some of the insertion sites, suggesting that this element is or was, until recently, capable of transposition. JF - Insect molecular biology AU - Garner, K J AU - Slavicek, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 231 EP - 242 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0962-1075, 0962-1075 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Retroelements KW - Index Medicus KW - North America KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Terminal Repeat Sequences KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Asia KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Binding Sites KW - Moths -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69844618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+non-LTR+retrotransposon+from+the+gypsy+moth.&rft.au=Garner%2C+K+J%3BSlavicek%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09621075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF081102; GENBANK; AF081101; AF081103 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing phosphorus runoff and improving poultry production with alum. AN - 69735682; 10228965 AB - This is a review paper on the effects of aluminum sulfate (alum) on ammonia volatilization and P runoff from poultry litter. Initially, laboratory studies were conducted that showed P solubility could be reduced in poultry litter with Al, Ca, and Fe amendments, indicating that these amendments may reduce P runoff. These results were confirmed in small plot studies in which alum applications to litter were shown to decrease P concentrations in runoff by as much as 87%, while improving tall fescue yields. Leaf tissue analyses indicated that the yield improvements were due to increased N availability, which we hypothesized was due to reduced NH3 volatilization. This result was confirmed in laboratory studies that showed that alum was one of the most effective (and cost-effective) compounds for reducing NH3 volatilization. Field trials conducted at commercial broiler farms in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency showed that alum additions to poultry litter lowered litter pH, particularly during the first 3 to 4 wk of each growout, which resulted in less NH3 volatilization and lower atmospheric NH3. Ammonia volatilization rates were reduced by 97% for the first 4 wk of the growout. Broilers grown on alum-treated litter were heavier than the controls (1.73 vs 1.66 kg) and had lower mortality (3.9 vs 4.2%) and better feed efficiency (1.98 vs 2.04). Electricity and propane use were lower for alum-treated houses. As a result of these economic benefits to the integrator and grower, the benefit:cost ratio of alum addition was 1.96. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff from small watersheds were 75% lower from alum-treated litter than normal litter over a 3-yr period. Long-term small plot studies on alum use have shown that alum-treated litter results in lower soil test P levels than normal litter and does not increase Al availability in soils or uptake by plants. JF - Poultry science AU - Moore, P A AU - Daniel, T C AU - Edwards, D R AD - USDA/ARS, Agronomy Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. philipm@comp.uark.edu Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 692 EP - 698 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Alum Compounds KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - aluminum sulfate KW - 34S289N54E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Eutrophication KW - Feces KW - Poultry KW - Phosphorus -- pharmacokinetics KW - Phosphorus -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69735682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Reducing+phosphorus+runoff+and+improving+poultry+production+with+alum.&rft.au=Moore%2C+P+A%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BEdwards%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=692&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Divergence of West African and North American communities of Aspergillus section Flavi. AN - 69728375; 10224034 AB - West African Aspergillus flavus S isolates differed from North American isolates. Both produced aflatoxin B1. However, 40 and 100% of West African isolates also produced aflatoxin G1 in NH4 medium and urea medium, respectively. No North American S strain isolate produced aflatoxin G1. This geographical and physiological divergence may influence aflatoxin management. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cotty, P J AU - Cardwell, K F AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179-0687, USA. pjcotty@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 2264 EP - 2266 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - aflatoxin G1 KW - 1DB78J7PUD KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Benin KW - Food Contamination KW - Species Specificity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus flavus -- classification KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69728375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Divergence+of+West+African+and+North+American+communities+of+Aspergillus+section+Flavi.&rft.au=Cotty%2C+P+J%3BCardwell%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Cotty&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1989 Apr;9(2):109-30 [2717787] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Mycopathologia. 1994 Mar;125(3):157-62 [8047107] Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992;127:69-94 [1631352] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical and veterinary isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis defective in lipopolysaccharide O-chain polymerization. AN - 69725713; 10224019 AB - Twelve human and chicken isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis belonging to phage types 4, 8, 13a, and 23 were characterized for variability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition. Isolates were differentiated into two groups, i.e., those that lacked immunoreactive O-chain, termed rough isolates, and those that had immunoreactive O-chain, termed smooth isolates. Isolates within these groups could be further differentiated by LPS compositional differences as detected by gel electrophoresis and gas liquid chromatography of samples extracted with water, which yielded significantly more LPS in comparison to phenol-chloroform extraction. The rough isolates were of two types, the O-antigen synthesis mutants and the O-antigen polymerization (wzy) mutants. Smooth isolates were also of two types, one producing low-molecular-weight (LMW) LPS and the other producing high-molecular-weight (HMW) LPS. To determine the genetic basis for the O-chain variability of the smooth isolates, we analyzed the effects of a null mutation in the O-chain length determinant gene, wzz (cld) of serovar Typhimurium. This mutation results in a loss of HMW LPS; however, the LMW LPS of this mutant was longer and more glucosylated than that from clinical isolates of serovar Enteritidis. Cluster analysis of these data and of those from two previously characterized isogenic strains of serovar Enteritidis that had different virulence attributes indicated that glucosylation of HMW LPS (via oafR function) is variable and results in two types of HMW structures, one that is highly glucosylated and one that is minimally glucosylated. These results strongly indicate that naturally occurring variability in wzy, wzz, and oafR function can be used to subtype isolates of serovar Enteritidis during epidemiological investigations. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Parker, C T AU - Asokan, K AU - Carlson, R W AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. jgpetter@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 2195 EP - 2201 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carbohydrates KW - DNA Primers KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Myristic Acids KW - Phospholipids KW - rol protein, Bacteria KW - 148466-41-5 KW - beta-hydroxymyristic acid KW - 1961-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Serotyping KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Myristic Acids -- metabolism KW - Molecular Weight KW - Virulence KW - Base Sequence KW - Chickens KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Mutation KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Carbohydrates -- analysis KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- metabolism KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- metabolism KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- classification KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- chemistry KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69725713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Clinical+and+veterinary+isolates+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+enteritidis+defective+in+lipopolysaccharide+O-chain+polymerization.&rft.au=Guard-Petter%2C+J%3BParker%2C+C+T%3BAsokan%2C+K%3BCarlson%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Guard-Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1968 Feb;95(2):585-91 [4867748] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Feb 1;90(3):1033-7 [8430070] Infect Immun. 1974 Feb;9(2):318-22 [4361293] Eur J Biochem. 1980;107(1):145-53 [6156828] J Bacteriol. 1980 Nov;144(2):630-40 [7000751] Nature. 1981 May 21;291(5812):238-9 [7015147] Anal Biochem. 1982 Jan 1;119(1):115-9 [6176137] J Bacteriol. 1983 Aug;155(2):831-8 [6409884] Trends Genet. 1993 Jan;9(1):17-22 [8434412] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):655-82 [7504166] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Jan;32(1):194-8 [7907343] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Jan;32(1):199-201 [8126179] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Jan;21(1-2):31-40 [8155476] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Jan;21(1-2):69-77 [7908822] Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1994 Jun;281(1):30-7 [7803927] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 May;33(5):1070-4 [7615707] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Aug;61(8):2845-51 [7487016] FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1996 Jun;14(2-3):129-34 [8809548] Glycobiology. 1996 Jun;6(4):433-7 [8842707] J Med Microbiol. 1996 Oct;45(4):236-51 [8849697] Epidemiol Infect. 1996 Oct;117(2):219-31 [8870619] Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1996 Mar;27(1):119-25 [9031413] J Bacteriol. 1997 Apr;179(7):2126-31 [9079895] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Apr;63(4):1588-93 [9097453] Rev Sci Tech. 1997 Aug;16(2):542-53 [9501367] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2166-72 [9603830] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):1211-22 [9680210] J Bacteriol. 1986 Jan;165(1):116-22 [2416735] JAMA. 1988 Apr 8;259(14):2103-7 [3279240] Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Dec;103(3):415-23 [2691262] J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(8):2521-9 [1707412] Mol Microbiol. 1992 Oct;6(19):2857-62 [1279361] J Bacteriol. 1973 Oct;116(1):54-8 [4355486] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary copper, manganese and iron affect the formation of aberrant crypts in colon of rats administered 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. AN - 69725466; 10222400 AB - Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are preneoplastic lesions for colon cancer. Altered amounts of copper-zinc (CuZnSOD) and manganese (MnSOD) superoxide dismutases have been implicated in multistage carcinogesis of both rodents and humans. Dietary factors are potential modulators of both CuZnSOD and MnSOD activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary copper, manganese, and iron on 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMABP)-induced ACF and superoxide dismutase activities in weanling rats fed low or adequate copper (0.8 or 5.1 microg Cu/g diet), low or adequate manganese (0.6 or 17 microg Mn/g diet), and adequate or high iron (37 or 140 microg Fe/g diet). Twelve rats were allowed free access to each of these eight diets for 3.5 wk prior to DMABP administration and for an additional 8 wk after the first DMABP injection. Rats fed low dietary copper had 105% (P < 0.0001) higher formation of DMABP-induced ACF than those fed adequate dietary copper. Rats ingesting low rather than adequate dietary manganese had 23% higher formation of ACF, and rats ingesting high rather than adequate dietary iron had 18% higher formation of ACF. Heart total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly correlated with the number of ACF (r = -0.43, P < 0.0001) in rats administered DMABP. These results suggest that dietary alterations that affect superoxide dismutase activity may affect cancer susceptibility. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, C D AU - Feng, Y AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1060 EP - 1067 VL - 129 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - 2',3-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 13394-86-0 KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Spleen -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Colon -- chemistry KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Hematocrit KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Manganese -- analysis KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- pathology KW - Manganese -- administration & dosage KW - Iron -- administration & dosage KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Diet KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69725466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+copper%2C+manganese+and+iron+affect+the+formation+of+aberrant+crypts+in+colon+of+rats+administered+3%2C2%27-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl.&rft.au=Davis%2C+C+D%3BFeng%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in cadmium transport to the testis, epididymis, and brain in cadmium-sensitive and -resistant murine strains 129/J and A/J. AN - 69710036; 10215659 AB - Although most animals with scrotal testes are susceptible to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity, strain-related differences are seen in mice. Resistant murine strains demonstrate a decreased cadmium concentration in the testis and also in the epididymis and seminal vesicle. In this study we analyzed cadmium transport into tissues with a vascular barrier, the testis, epididymis, and brain, in an attempt to characterize the mechanisms of strain resistance to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. In the resistant murine strain A/J, 109Cd transport (administered as 109CdCl2) was significantly attenuated in the testis, epididymis, and brain, when compared to the sensitive murine strain 129/J. The unidirectional influx constant (Ki, in microliter g-1 min-1) for 109Cd was 0.01929 in the A/J testis as compared with 1.174 in the 129/J testis (P <.0001). The percentage of a 109Cd dose that reached the A/J testis by 60 min was over 10 times less than that which reached the 129/J testis. The transport system used by cadmium in the 129/J testis was saturable, with 20 microM unlabeled cadmium chloride inhibiting transport by over 60%. The transporter was competitively inhibited by zinc (P =. 00017), but not by calcium, indicating a specificity in ion transport. Studies with isolated tubules and analysis of testicular fluid compartments demonstrated no significant difference in cadmium uptake or efflux between the strains when corrected for the amount of 109Cd entering the testis. Therefore, murine strain differences in testicular sensitivity to cadmium appear to be related to the variable presence of a transport system for cadmium in the testicular vasculature. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - King, L M AU - Banks, W A AU - George, W J AD - Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. lking@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 825 EP - 830 VL - 289 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Cadmium Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Seminiferous Tubules -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Animals KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Testis -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Epididymis -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69710036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Differences+in+cadmium+transport+to+the+testis%2C+epididymis%2C+and+brain+in+cadmium-sensitive+and+-resistant+murine+strains+129%2FJ+and+A%2FJ.&rft.au=King%2C+L+M%3BBanks%2C+W+A%3BGeorge%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release of atrazine ((14)C) from two undisturbed submerged sediments over a two-year period. AN - 69275310; 10552512 AB - Through water erosion and runoff, sediment-adsorbed atrazine can undergo sedimentation and accumulation at the bottom of water bodies and become potential sources of atrazine to the water column. The purpose of this study is to determine the fate and release of atrazine ((14)C) to the water column from two simulated undisturbed submerged sediments at two temperature treatments (5 and 24 degrees C) over a 2-year period. Atrazine residue ((14)C) was released from the two sediments and was, primarily, diffusing from the sediment pore water to the water columns. The amount released was affected by sediment type and is related to the sediment's adsorption/desorption capacity. Larger amounts of residue ((14)C) were released to the water columns at 5 degrees C than at 24 degrees C. Atrazine degraded in the shallow submerged anaerobic sediment's water columns over the 2-year period. Less than 2% (percent of applied in atrazine equivalent) of extractable atrazine and metabolites remained in the sediment after 2 years. The amount of nonextractable atrazine residue ((1)(4)C) was significantly higher in sediments at 24 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. In conclusion, atrazine accumulating in shallow undisturbed submerged sediments from nonpoint sources would most likely degrade and/or become nonextractable over time and would have a low probability of becoming a significant source to the water body. The conditions where accumulation and future release of atrazine have a greater potential to occur are under very cold temperatures with low adsorption capacity sediments. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Seybold, C A AU - Mersie, W AU - McName, C AU - Tierney, D AD - USDA-NRCS, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA. seyboldc@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 2156 EP - 2162 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Time Factors KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Geologic Sediments -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69275310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Release+of+atrazine+%28%2814%29C%29+from+two+undisturbed+submerged+sediments+over+a+two-year+period.&rft.au=Seybold%2C+C+A%3BMersie%2C+W%3BMcName%2C+C%3BTierney%2C+D&rft.aulast=Seybold&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluctuating populations of House Wrens and Bewick's Wrens in foothills of the western Sierra Nevada of California AN - 17473814; 4676973 AB - In foothills of the western Sierra Nevada, 31 km east of Madera, California, we studied whether Bewick's Wrens (Thryomanes bewickii) tend to be excluded from an area occupied by House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) as reported in several studies in the eastern United States. Neither point counts from 1985 to 1997 nor spot mapping from 1989 to 1993 suggests any interaction between these species. The study period included the most prolonged drought and the most severe period of winter weather in the 64-year climatological record from the study site. House Wren abundance was significantly related to the 4-year running average of annual precipitation and to the lowest temperature recorded in the winter months preceding survey counts. We speculate that House Wrens cannot maintain their numbers by local recruitment during droughts in the oak-pine woodlands that dominate our study area and that recovery of their population following droughts involves recruitment from other areas, probably riparian zones and other mesic habitats elsewhere in the Sierra foothills and Central Valley of California. There was no influence of precipitation on abundance of Bewick's Wrens and, although they apparently sustained heavy mortality during a period of extreme winter weather, their numbers otherwise were not related to the lowest temperature during the winter preceding counts. JF - Condor AU - Verner, J AU - Purcell, K L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 East Sierra Avenue, Fresno, CA 93710, USA, jverner/psw_fresno@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 219 EP - 229 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Bewick's wren KW - House wren KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Population changes KW - Climatic conditions KW - Competition KW - Troglodytes aedon KW - Thryomanes bewickii KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17473814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Fluctuating+populations+of+House+Wrens+and+Bewick%27s+Wrens+in+foothills+of+the+western+Sierra+Nevada+of+California&rft.au=Verner%2C+J%3BPurcell%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thryomanes bewickii; Troglodytes aedon; Population changes; Competition; Climatic conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of small mammals to coarse woody debris in a southeastern pine forest AN - 17415345; 4638785 AB - The importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) to small mammals in a managed pine forest in South Carolina was tested experimentally during summer and autumn 1990 and winter and spring 1991-1994. Abundance and demographics of small mammals were compared between plots with abundant CWD created by a tornado (unsalvaged plots) and plots where tornado-created CWD had been removed (salvaged plots). Species composition was similar between unsalvaged and salvaged plots, but more small mammals were captured on unsalvaged plots. Cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) were the most abundant species captured in all plots and were significantly more abundant in unsalvaged plots in every trapping period. Adult female P. gossypinus in unsalvaged plots had greater survival and were more likely to be in reproductive condition than adult females in salvaged plots. Southern short-tailed shrews (Blarina carolinensis) and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) tended to be more abundant in unsalvaged plots. Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger), the second most abundant species in salvaged plots, were never captured on unsalvaged plots. Large amounts of CWD improve habitat quality of pine forests for P. gossypinus, and CWD is probably an important habitat component for other species. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Loeb, S C AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1003, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 460 EP - 471 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Pine KW - Mammals KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mammalia KW - Forests KW - Habitat KW - Storms KW - Plant debris KW - Pinus KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17415345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Responses+of+small+mammals+to+coarse+woody+debris+in+a+southeastern+pine+forest&rft.au=Loeb%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus; Mammalia; Forests; Storms; Habitat; Plant debris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Abundance of Neotoma in Western Oregon and Washington AN - 17403181; 4627770 AB - Bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) and dusky-footed woodrats (N. fuscipes) add substantially to the prey base of many avian and mammalian predators. High biomass of woodrats can reduce markedly area requirements of predators; thus, management for woodrats has potential in conservation. But patterns of abundance of woodrats in the Pacific Northwest are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine local abundances and regional distributions of N. cinerea and N. fuscipes in forests west of the Crest of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington. We sampled a variety of forests from 1985 to 1997 in seven physiographic provinces. In Washington, we found that N. cinerea was rare in upland forests, but abundant along rocky streams on the eastern Olympic Peninsula and in rock bluffs on the west slope of the Cascade Range; N. fuscipes does not occur in Washington. In Oregon, N. fuscipes is at the northern limits of its range and we found that it was rare in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) forests; N. cinerea was common in old forests and along streams. In mixed-conifer forests both species occasionally were abundant, but their abundances were negatively correlated. Neotoma cinerea was rare in mixed-conifer-mixed-evergreen forests but N. fuscipes occasionally was abundant in early, and present in late stages of forest development. The distribution of N. fuscipes can be explained by its preference for dense shrub cover and it ability to consume plants potentially toxic to other mammals; the only compelling explanation for the irregular distribution of N. cinerea is exceptional vulnerability to predation because of its size and social behavior. Because of zoogeographic restrictions, limited opportunities exist in western Oregon and Washington to manage habitat for woodrats as a means of assisting in the recovery and maintenance of viable populations of predators sensitive to loss or management of forests. JF - Northwest Science AU - Carey, AB AU - Maguire, C C AU - Biswell, B L AU - Wilson, T M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 65 EP - 80 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Dusky-footed woodrat KW - USA, Oregon KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Neotoma cinerea KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - Geographical variations KW - Neotoma fuscipes KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17403181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+Abundance+of+Neotoma+in+Western+Oregon+and+Washington&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB%3BMaguire%2C+C+C%3BBiswell%2C+B+L%3BWilson%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neotoma cinerea; Neotoma fuscipes; Ecological distribution; Abundance; Geographical variations; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genic diversity, genetic structure, and biogeography of Pinus sabiniana Dougl. AN - 17400624; 4622159 AB - Pinus sabiniana Dougl. (grey pine) forms savanna forests in the foothills surrounding California's Great Central Valley. However, its fossil record, which dates from the late Miocene through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, is found exclusively in southern California, south of the species' present range. A total of twenty-nine isozyme loci, representing eighteen enzyme systems, was assayed to analyse the genetic structure in eight populations of grey pine and attempt to track its migration history from southern to northern California. Expected heterozygosity in the two southernmost samples was 0.128 and 0.150, and heterozygosity tended to decrease with increasing latitude, suggesting the loss of diversity as grey pine dispersed northward. However, genetic distances between populations were very small, even on opposite sides of the treeless Great Central Valley; and estimated time since divergence was 900 to 9000 years at a maximum. Wright's F sub(ST), the proportion of total genetic diversity among populations, was only 0.057, which is similar to values found in many conifers with continuous distributions. Nm, the number of migrants among populations per generation, was 4.1 to 6.7, depending on estimator, and indicates that gene flow is extensive, or was so in the recent past. In every population, observed heterozygosity was less than expected heterozygosity, and the fixation index, F sub(IS), for the progeny was 0.128, which indicates a fairly high rate of inbreeding. The genetic similarity of disjunct populations, in combination with paleogeographic and paleoclimatic evidence, suggests that grey pine formed a continuous population throughout the Great Central Valley, perhaps between 12,000 and 8000 yrs BP. Its range became fragmented during the Xerothermic, when it ascended into the foothills. Gaps in its range correlate with late Pleistocene-early Holocene lakes in adjacent basins and with the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. JF - Diversity and Distributions AU - Ledig, F T AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667, USA, tledig@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 77 EP - 90 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1366-9516, 1366-9516 KW - Bull pine KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus sabiniana KW - Ecological distribution KW - Genetic diversity KW - Paleoecology KW - Migration KW - Genetic structure KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diversity+and+Distributions&rft.atitle=Genic+diversity%2C+genetic+structure%2C+and+biogeography+of+Pinus+sabiniana+Dougl.&rft.au=Ledig%2C+F+T&rft.aulast=Ledig&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diversity+and+Distributions&rft.issn=13669516&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-4642.1999.00037.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus sabiniana; Genetic diversity; Genetic structure; Migration; Ecological distribution; Paleoecology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00037.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in bacterial community structure during upwelling in the coastal ocean AN - 17395718; 4613730 AB - Over the last 30 years, investigations at the community level of marine bacteria and phytoplankton populations suggest they are tightly coupled. However, traditional oceanographic approaches cannot assess whether associations between specific bacteria and phytoplankton exist. Recently, molecular based approaches have been implemented to characterize specific members of different marine bacterial communities. Yet, few molecular-based studies have examined coastal upwelling situations. This is important since upwelling systems provide a unique opportunity for analyzing the association between specific bacteria and specific phytoplankton in the ocean. It is widely believed that upwelling can lead to changes in phytoplankton populations (blooms). Thus, if specific associations exist, we would expect to observe changes in the bacterial population triggered by the bloom. In this paper, we present preliminary data from coastal waters off New Jersey that confirm a shift in bacterial communities during a 1995 upwelling event recorded at a long-term earth observatory (LEO-15) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Using PCR amplification and cloning, specific bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences were found which were present in upwelling samples during a phytoplankton bloom, but were not detected in non-bloom samples (surface seawater, offshore sites or sediment samples) collected at the same time or in the same area. These findings are consistent with the notion of specific associations between bacteria and phytoplankton in the ocean. However, further examination of episodic events, such as coastal upwelling, are needed to confirm the existence of specific associations. Additionally, experiments need to be performed to elucidate the mechanisms leading to the specific linkages between a group of bacteria and a group of phytoplankton. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Kerkhof, L J AU - Voytek, MA AU - Sherrell, R M AU - Millie, D AU - Schofield, O AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70179, U.S.A. . Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 139 EP - 148 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 401 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Bacteria KW - USA, New Jersey KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Algal blooms KW - Associated species KW - Ecological associations KW - Upwelling KW - Phytoplankton KW - Coastal waters KW - Community composition KW - ANW, USA, New Jersey KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Microorganisms KW - Algae KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q1 08221:General KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q1 08201:General KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17395718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Variability+in+bacterial+community+structure+during+upwelling+in+the+coastal+ocean&rft.au=Kerkhof%2C+L+J%3BVoytek%2C+MA%3BSherrell%2C+R+M%3BMillie%2C+D%3BSchofield%2C+O&rft.aulast=Kerkhof&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1003734310515 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Associated species; Algal blooms; Community composition; Interspecific relationships; Ecological associations; Upwelling; Microorganisms; Phytoplankton; Coastal waters; Bacteria; Algae; ANW, USA, New Jersey; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003734310515 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific primers for the detection of vip3A insecticidal gene within a Bacillus thuringiensis collection AN - 17375096; 4585831 AB - A PCR-based method was developed for the rapid detection of vip3A gene encoding a novel Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with a wide spectrum of activities against lepidopteran insects. Specific primer combinations (three primers for the normal strand and two primers for the complementary strand) were capable of generating diagnostic fragments that successfully predicted the presence of the gene encoding the Vip3A insecticidal toxin in various B. thuringiensis strains. Specificity of amplicons generated by primer pairs was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequence analysis. The evaluation of B. thuringiensis strains for biological activity against insect pests of rice is thus aided by the grouping of strains based on their potential insecticidal spectrum. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Rice, W C AD - USDA, ARS, RRU, LSU Rice Research Station, PO Box 1429, Crowley, LA 70527, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 378 EP - 382 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Butterflies KW - Vip3A protein KW - insecticidal proteins KW - vip3A gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Toxins KW - Lepidoptera KW - Insecticides KW - DNA KW - Restriction endonuclease mapping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Specific+primers+for+the+detection+of+vip3A+insecticidal+gene+within+a+Bacillus+thuringiensis+collection&rft.au=Rice%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.1999.00536.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Lepidoptera; Biological control; Polymerase chain reaction; Insecticides; Toxins; DNA; Restriction endonuclease mapping DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00536.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cell line maintenance procedures on insect cells used for producing baculoviruses AN - 17374372; 4560219 AB - A gypsy moth cell line, IPLB-LdEIta, maintained under various conditions was tested for susceptibility to and productivity of two baculoviruses, the Autograph californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). The results suggest that cells maintained in serum-containing medium (modified TC100) were more susceptible (on the basis of titers in an endpoint assay) to LdMNPV than cells maintained in a serum-free medium (ExCell 400). Such a difference was not apparent with AcMNPV. Similarly, little difference existed in the proportion of cells containing occlusion bodies (OBs) a wk after inoculation with AcMNPV (i.e., the percent infected) in any LdEIta strains, although one combination of cells and medium (cells maintained in ExCell 400 but infected in TC100) showed a lower percent infection with LdMNPV. Even though the percentage of cells infected varied little, the number of OBs produced varied by 3 logs with AcMNPV and 11/2 logs with LdMNPV. In each case, cells normally grown in ExCell 400 and infected in the same medium produced the lowest number of OBs. However, productivity was improved when cells normally grown in ExCell 400 were infected in TC100. Even more interesting was that cells normally grown in TC100 produced more AcMNPV OBs when infected in ExCell 400 medium. This suggests that changing culture medium (regardless of the normal maintenance medium) can stimulate virus production. In addition to examining virus productivity in LdEIta cells in both serum-containing and serum-free media, I also tested a strain maintained at low temperature (17 degree C) for over a yr. This maintenance protocol was not detrimental for LdMNPV productivity and was slightly stimulatory for production of AcMNPV. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Lynn, D AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA/ARS, BARC-West, Building 011A, Room 214, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 248 EP - 251 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - IPLB-LdEIta cells KW - Insects KW - Lepidoptera KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Cutworms KW - serum-free media KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Pathogenicity KW - Autographa californica KW - Cell lines KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W2 32230:New cell lines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17374372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cell+line+maintenance+procedures+on+insect+cells+used+for+producing+baculoviruses&rft.au=Lynn%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Autographa californica; Noctuidae; Cell lines; Temperature effects; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors controlling degradation of pesticides in soil AN - 17373385; 4590630 AB - Rates of pesticide degradation in soil exhibit a high degree of variability, the sources of which are usually unclear. Combining data from incubations performed using a range of soil properties and environmental conditions has resulted in greater understanding of factors controlling such degradation. The herbicides clomazone, flumetsulam, atrazine, and cloransulam-methyl, as well as the former insecticide naphthalene offer examples of degradation kinetics controlled by coupling competing processes which may in turn be regulated separately by environmental conditions and soil properties. The processes of degradation and volatilization appear to compete for clomazone in solution; sorbed clomazone is degraded only after the solution phase is depleted. Similarly, volatilization of naphthalene is enhanced when degradation has been inhibited by high nutrient levels. Degradation of the herbicide flumetsulam has been shown to be regulated by sorption, even though the compound has a relatively low affinity for the soil. The fate pathway for cloransulam-methyl shifts from mineralization to formation of metabolities, bound residues and physically occluded material as temperature increases. Atrazine degradation in soil may be controlled in part by the presence of inorganic nitrogen, as the herbicide appears to be used as a nitrogen source by micro-organisms. New insight Degradation was rapid, with 50% mineralisation to [ super(14)C]carbon dioxide occurring within three weeks. HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy confirmed that the majority (>85%) of the remaining radiochemical in solution was [ super(14)C]oxalic acid, and that no paraquat remained. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Sims, G K AU - Cupples, A M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, gksims@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 598 EP - 601 VL - 55 IS - 5 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - degradation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Pesticides KW - Environmental conditions KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Factors+controlling+degradation+of+pesticides+in+soil&rft.au=Sims%2C+G+K%3BCupples%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=598&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9063%28199905%2955%3A53.3.CO%3B2-E LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental conditions; Pesticides; Soil DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199905)55:5<598::AID-PS962>3.3.CO;2-E ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effectiveness of triclosan-incorporated plastic against bacteria on beef surfaces AN - 17372196; 4587582 AB - Triclosan is a nonionic, broad-spectrum, antimicrobial agent that has been incorporated into a variety of personal hygiene products, including hand soaps, deodorants, shower gels, mouthwashes, and toothpastes. In this study, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan was evaluated in plate overlay assays and meat experiments as a means of reducing populations of bacteria. Plate overlay assays indicated that the triclosan-incorporated plastic (TIP) inhibited the following organisms: Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and several strains of E. coli O157:H7. In meat experiment 1, irradiated, lean beef surfaces inoculated with B. thermosphacta, Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, or B. subtilis were covered with TIP, vacuum packaged, and stored for 24 h at 4 degree C. Of the organisms tested, only populations of B. thermosphacta were slightly reduced. In meat experiment 2, prerigor beef surfaces were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or B. thermosphacta incubated at 4 degree C for 24 h, wrapped in TIP or control plastic, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 degree C for up to 14 days. There was a slight reduction in the population of the organisms after initial application with TIP. However, bacterial populations following long-term, refrigerated (4 degree C), vacuum-packaged storage up to 14 days were not statistically (P less than or equal to 0.05) or numerically different than controls. In meat experiment 3, even TIP-wrapped, vacuum-packaged beef samples that were temperature abused at 12 degree C did not exhibit significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) or sustainable reductions after 14 days of 4 degree C storage. Another study indicated that populations of E. coli O157:H7 or B. thermosphacta added directly to TIP were not affected after 2 h of refrigerated storage or that the antimicrobial activity could be extracted from the plastic. Additional experiments suggest that presence of fatty acids or adipose may diminish the antimicrobial activity of TIP on meat surfaces. This study demonstrates that while antimicrobial activity is detected against bacterial cultures in antimicrobial plate assays, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan does not effectively reduce bacterial populations on refrigerated, vacuum-packaged meat surfaces. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cutter, C N AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA, cutter@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 474 EP - 479 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Brochothrix thermosphacta KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Shigella flexneri KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - antimicrobial agents KW - meat KW - triclosan KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Meat KW - Storage KW - Plastics KW - Food preservation KW - Packaging KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+effectiveness+of+triclosan-incorporated+plastic+against+bacteria+on+beef+surfaces&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brochothrix thermosphacta; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus subtilis; Shigella flexneri; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium; Food preservation; Bacteria; Plastics; Packaging; Storage; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass of tallgrass prairie soil as related to burning and nitrogen fertilization AN - 17320095; 4591478 AB - Microbial biomass and enzyme activities are affected by management practices and can be used as sensitive indicators of ecological stability. Microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN) and eight enzyme activities involved in the cycling of C, N, P and S were studied in the surface (0-5 cm) of an Irwin silty clay loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic, Pachic Arguistoll) in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Treatments of annual spring burning and N fertilization were initiated in 1986 and encompassed: (1) unburned-unfertilized, (2) burned-unfertilized, (3) burned-fertilized, and (4) unburned-fertilized. Activities of dehydrogenase, beta -glucosidase, urease, deaminase, denitrifying enzyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase were assayed. Long-term burning and N fertilization of the tallgrass prairie soil reduced MBC and MBN relative to the unburned-unfertilized treatment. The effects of burning and N fertilization varied among the enzymes and the time of sampling. Long-term burning significantly (P < 0.05) increased activities of urease and acid phosphatase, but decreased activities of beta -glucosidase, deaminase and alkaline phosphatase. Long-term N fertilization significantly increased activities of beta -glucosidase and acid phosphatase but decreased urease activity. This study found that several soil enzyme activities can be used as indicators of ecological changes caused by N fertilization and long-term burning management practices. The relevance of these changes in surface soil to the long-term sustainability of this ecosystem needs further evaluation. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Ajwa, HA AU - Dell, C J AU - Rice, C W AD - Water Management Research Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA, hajwa@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 769 EP - 777 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - nitrogen fertilizers KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fertilizers KW - Fertilization KW - Indicators KW - Enzymes KW - Burning KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17320095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Changes+in+enzyme+activities+and+microbial+biomass+of+tallgrass+prairie+soil+as+related+to+burning+and+nitrogen+fertilization&rft.au=Ajwa%2C+HA%3BDell%2C+C+J%3BRice%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Ajwa&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2898%2900177-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Indicators; Soil microorganisms; Enzymes; Fertilization; Fertilizers; Burning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00177-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diapause in the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Life-Stage Sensitivity to Environmental Cues AN - 17312468; 4583550 AB - This study examines the diapause response in naturally occurring boll weevils under field and simulated field environments of north Mississippi. Squares containing early-stage weevils were collected in July, August, and September and subsamples from each group were installed into similar dynamic environments in the laboratory. In this manner, some weevils experienced uninterrupted photoperiods and temperatures between the field and laboratory (controls), and others experienced a shift forward in time or backward in time between the field and laboratory (treated). Results indicate selective sensitivity among individuals to diapause-inducing or averting daylengths and temperatures during early life stages independent of later stages and during late stages (including adults) independent of earlier stages. For example, it appears that some individuals are sensitive primarily during the early or late life stages, and depending on the environmental cues received at these times, they may or may not develop the diapause phenotype as adults. However, the rates of gain or loss in the acquisition of diapause depend on the intensity and duration of the token stimuli during part or all of the life cycle. If the proper cues are sustained throughout the life cycle, then the expression of diapause in the population will be maximized. Alteration in cues at any time will increase or decrease the percentage of weevils in diapause, with the relative effect related to the intensity and duration of the original stimuli. Once they receive a threshold to diapause-inducing stimuli, populations appear to be more responsive to environmental change. These results may explain some of the variability observed in diapause among studies. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Wagner, T L AU - Villavaso, E J AU - Willers, J L AD - USDA, Forest Service, P.O. Box 6124, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 396 EP - 402 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - USA, Mississippi KW - immature stages KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anthonomus grandis grandis KW - Curculionidae KW - Life cycle KW - Diapause KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17312468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Diapause+in+the+Boll+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29%3A+Life-Stage+Sensitivity+to+Environmental+Cues&rft.au=Wagner%2C+T+L%3BVillavaso%2C+E+J%3BWillers%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis grandis; Curculionidae; Life cycle; Diapause ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Field Release of Genetically Engineered Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (LdNPV) AN - 17274703; 4500884 AB - The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus was genetically engineered for nonpersistence by removal of the gene coding for polyhedrin production and stabilized using a coocclusion process. A beta -galactosidase marker gene was inserted into the genetically engineered virus (LdGEV) so that infected larvae could be tested for its presence using a colorimetric assay. In 1993, LdGEV-infected gypsy moths were released in a forested plot in Massachusetts to test for spread and persistence. A similar forested plot 2 km away served as a control. For 3 years (1993-1995), gypsy moths were established in the two plots in Massachusetts to serve as test and control populations. Each week, larvae were collected from both plots. These field-collected larvae were reared individually, checked for mortality, and then tested for the presence of beta -galactosidase. Other gypsy moth larvae were confined on LdGEV-contaminated foliage for 1 week and then treated as the field-collected larvae. The LdGEV was sought in bark, litter, and soil samples collected from each plot. To verify the presence of the LdGEV, polymerase chain reaction, slot blot DNA hybridization, and restriction enzyme analysis were also used on larval samples. Field-collected larvae infected with the engineered virus were recovered in the release plot in 1993, but not in subsequent years; no field-collected larvae from the control plot contained the engineered virus. Larvae confined on LdGEV-contaminated foliage were killed by the virus. No LdGEV was recovered from bark, litter, or soil samples from either of the plots. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - D'Amico, V AU - Elkinton, J S AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Slavicek, JM AU - McManus, M L AU - Burand, J P AD - USDA Forest Service, NEFES--Microbial Control, 51 Mill Pond Road, Hamden, CT 06514., vdamico@erols.com Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 260 EP - 268 PB - Academic Press VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Gypsy Moth KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - polyhedrin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Persistence KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Genetic engineering KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - G 07313:Viruses KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17274703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=A+Field+Release+of+Genetically+Engineered+Gypsy+Moth+%28Lymantria+dispar+L.%29+Nuclear+Polyhedrosis+Virus+%28LdNPV%29&rft.au=D%27Amico%2C+V%3BElkinton%2C+J+S%3BPodgwaite%2C+J+D%3BSlavicek%2C+JM%3BMcManus%2C+M+L%3BBurand%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=D%27Amico&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.1999.4847 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Biological control; Persistence; Genetic engineering; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1999.4847 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact on area-averaged heat fluxes from using remotely sensed data at different resolutions: A case study with Washita '92 data AN - 17270578; 4572488 AB - Landscape-scale fluxes are derived using an energy balance model with remotely sensed input data at different pixel resolutions. The model explicitly evaluates energy flux contributions from the soil and vegetation using remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to define key model variables. The remotely sensed data used in the model were collected as part of the Washita '92 Experiment conducted in the Little Washita watershed, a subhumid catchment in southwest Oklahoma. Near-surface soil moisture maps covering approximately an 800 km super(2) area at 0.2 km resolution were generated using aircraft-based passive microwave observations from the L band electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR). A spatially distributed NDVI map was derived from a SPOT satellite image. Daily values of the midday Bowen ratio (B sub(O), ratio of sensible to latent heat flux) computed by the model indicated that areas with low vegetation cover or bare soil and senescent vegetation were drying out significantly (i.e., dramatic increases in B sub(O)) while other areas with higher vegetation cover showed smaller increases in B sub(O) in response to a drying soil surface. After a few days of drying, B sub(O) values computed by the model ranged from ~0.1 to values greater than or equal to 2 over the image. The resulting spatially distributed maps of B sub(O) suggested a heterogeneous surface at the field or patch scale. A satellite-based L band ESTAR would have a pixel resolution on the order of 101 km or larger (i.e., landscape scale). Since fluxes are nonlinearly related to model input variables/parameters, defining model inputs at resolutions significantly larger than the patch scale may cause significant errors in flux calculations. Potential errors in flux calculations were investigated by evaluating differences in areaaveraged flux estimates for the ~18 x 45 km study area using the model with the remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture and NDVI data at the following pixel resolutions: (1) 0.2 km (original pixel resolution), (2) 9 km, and (3) the whole image, which has an effective pixel resolution on the order of 28 km. Differences in the areaaveraged sensible and latent fluxes computed by the model at the three resolutions were within 10%. Such minor discrepancies in the area-average fluxes suggests that the heterogeneity in soil moisture and vegetation type and cover was not of the type to affect regional flux predictions using significantly coarser resolution information. There was a consistent decrease in area-averaged latent heat flux estimates at the coarser resolution caused by biases in area-averaged values of the other three energy flux components. The consistent decrease in area-average latent heat flux caused the area-averaged midday B0 to inqease with decreasing pixel resolution resulting in similar to 15% increase from 200 m to using the full image. These results, however, depended on the method used in aggregating leaf area index to the coarser resolutions, indicating that techniques for scaling up key model parameters have a significant effect on area-average flux predictions. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Kustas, W P AU - Jackson, T J AD - Hydrology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1539 EP - 1550 PB - American Geophysical Union VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Moisture content KW - Satellite technology KW - Data interpretation KW - Heat KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - Data collections KW - Soil water KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17270578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=The+impact+on+area-averaged+heat+fluxes+from+using+remotely+sensed+data+at+different+resolutions%3A+A+case+study+with+Washita+%2792+data&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BJackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite technology; Moisture content; Data interpretation; Heat; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Data collections; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines isolates on soybean and green bean plants AN - 17270349; 4585215 AB - Green bean plants were grown in a greenhouse in soil removed from a soybean field in 1996 that had a high incidence of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). Over a period of 4 weeks, isolations were made from taproot tissue of green bean plants to recover Fusarium isolates. Ten isolates of Fusarium solani were recovered and used to inoculate soybean and green bean plants in the greenhouse. These 10 isolates caused typical SDS symptoms on the soybean plants and caused a root and crown rot on green bean plants. The green bean plants did not develop typical symptoms associated with soybean SDS but, rather, leaves on infected plants showed yellowing and necrosis. Molecular data indicated that these 10 isolates were identical to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines that cause soybean sudden death syndrome. All isolates were re-isolated from greenhouse-inoculated soybean and green bean plants. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Gray, LE AU - Achenbach, LA AU - Duff, R J AU - Lightfoot, D AD - USDA/ARS, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 281 EP - 284 VL - 147 IS - 5 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - soybean sudden death syndrome KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Leaves KW - Fusarium solani glycines KW - Rot KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Glycine max KW - Greenhouses KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17270349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Fusarium+solani+f.+sp.+glycines+isolates+on+soybean+and+green+bean+plants&rft.au=Gray%2C+LE%3BAchenbach%2C+LA%3BDuff%2C+R+J%3BLightfoot%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani glycines; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; Leaves; Greenhouses; Rot; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating hysteresis in the soil water retention function from cone permeameter experiments AN - 17269436; 4572468 AB - Data obtained from modified cone penetrometer experiments were used to estimate the hysteretic soil hydraulic properties with a parameter estimation technique which combined a numerical solution of the Richards equation with Marquardt-Levenberg optimization. The modified cone penetrometer was designed to inject water into a soil through a cylindrical screen, measure the infiltration rate with time, and track the movement of the wetting front using two tensiometer rings positioned above the screen. After reaching relatively stable tensiometer readings during the experiments, the source of water was cut off and pressure head readings measured while water in the soil profile redistributed. Cumulative inflow and pressure head readings for two experiments with different supply pressures were analyzed to obtain estimates of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions. Analysis of flow responses obtained during the infiltration period, and of those obtained during the combined infiltration and redistribution phases, demonstrated the importance of hysteresis of the soil hydraulic functions. We found that the redistribution phase could not be described accurately when hysteresis was neglected. Hysteresis in the soil hydraulic functions was modeled using a relatively simple empirical model in which wetting scanning curves are scaled from the main wetting curve and drying scanning curves are scaled from the main drying curve. This model was deemed adequate for our examples. Optimization results for various combinations of unknown soil hydraulic parameters were compared to results of standard laboratory and in situ methods. Estimates of the saturated hydraulic conductivity were well within the range of in situ measurements. The estimated main hysteretic loops of the soil water retention curve were for the most part situated between the wetting and drying curves obtained with standard methods. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Simunek, J AU - Kodesova, R AU - Gribb, M M AU - van Genuchten, MT AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Riverside, California, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1329 EP - 1345 PB - American Geophysical Union VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Permeameters KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Soil properties KW - Hydraulic properties KW - In situ tests KW - Data collections KW - Measuring instruments KW - Optimization KW - Soil water KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17269436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Estimating+hysteresis+in+the+soil+water+retention+function+from+cone+permeameter+experiments&rft.au=Simunek%2C+J%3BKodesova%2C+R%3BGribb%2C+M+M%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Simunek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Permeameters; Permeability coefficient; Hydraulic properties; Soil properties; In situ tests; Measuring instruments; Data collections; Optimization; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary studies on the biology and host specificity of Aceria salsolae DeLillo and Sobhian (Acari, Eriophyidae) and Lixus salsolae Becker (Col., Curculionidae), two candidates for biological control of Salsola kali AN - 17269342; 4561984 AB - Preliminary studies on the biology and host specificity of the mite, Aceria salsolae DeLillo and Sobhian, and the weevil, Lixus salsolae Becker, were carried out in 1996 and 1997. The mite reproduced on Salsola kali L. from the USA and from Turkey (control), but not on the six species of closely related plants tested. Infected plants were stunted and did not produce flowers. The mite was found on plants in the fields in Turkey from May to October. Lixus salsolae adult feeding was heavy on most of the 10 plant species tested. The weevil reproduced only on S. kali from Turkey in 1996 and also on S. kali from California in 1997. The adults of the new generation emerged by mid-July and oviposition occurred on leaf petioles of Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) but the emerging larvae died during very young stages. No oviposition and no infestation was observed on sugar beet plants in sugar beet fields in Turkey in 1996 and 1997, but infestations were found in a field in China in 1997. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Sobhian, R AU - Tunc, I AU - Erler, F AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 123 IS - 4 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Acari KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host specificity KW - Lixus salsolae KW - Host plants KW - Aceria salsolae KW - Curculionidae KW - Eriophyidae KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17269342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Preliminary+studies+on+the+biology+and+host+specificity+of+Aceria+salsolae+DeLillo+and+Sobhian+%28Acari%2C+Eriophyidae%29+and+Lixus+salsolae+Becker+%28Col.%2C+Curculionidae%29%2C+two+candidates+for+biological+control+of+Salsola+kali&rft.au=Sobhian%2C+R%3BTunc%2C+I%3BErler%2C+F&rft.aulast=Sobhian&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aceria salsolae; Curculionidae; Eriophyidae; Lixus salsolae; Host plants; Host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for dispersal of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli by infested seed AN - 17252620; 4523961 AB - Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli causes a vascular wilt of the narcotic plant coca (Erythroxylum coca var. coca). To determine whether this pathogen can be transmitted by infested seed, fruit from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants was collected from different coca-growing areas in Peru and from an experimental field site in Hawaii. A total of 202 fruit from Peru and 69 fruit from Hawaii were surface-disinfested and separated into five parts: pedicel, pericarp, seed coat, endosperm, and cotyledons. After the pedicel and pericarp were removed from the seed coat, the seed was surface disinfested again. Each fruit part was plated separately. Both F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme were recovered from fruit collected in Peru. Both species were isolated from all parts of some fruit. F. oxysporum was isolated from 33% of the fruit plated and most (35%) of these isolates were obtained from the seed coat. Slightly greater numbers of isolates (57%) were recovered from asymptomatic plants than from symptomatic plants (43%). Only F. oxysporum was isolated from fruit collected in Hawaii. Most of these isolates (59%) were from the pedicels of fruit collected from symptomatic plants. Out of 91 isolates of F. oxysporum, 21 were pathogenic to coca seedlings in a bioassay. Six of these pathogenic isolates were originally from the pedicel of the fruit, eight from the pericarp, four from the seed coat, and three from the endosperm. No isolates from the cotyledons were pathogenic. Most of the pathogenic isolates (76%) were from symptomatic plants. The pathogenic isolates were characterized using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and vegetative compatibility groups. Based on these analyses, two different subpopulations of the forma specialis erythroxyli were found in Peru, whereas only one was present in Hawaii. These data indicate that infested seed may contribute significantly to dissemination of this pathogen because seed is collected by growers and planted fresh or fermented briefly before planting. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gracia-Garza, JA AU - Fravel AU - Nelson, A J AU - Elias, K S AU - Bailey, BA AU - Arevalo Gardini, E AU - Darlington, L C AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory; USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, dfravel@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 451 EP - 455 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Peru KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Plant diseases KW - Seed-borne diseases KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Erythroxylum coca coca KW - Disease transmission KW - Wilt KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Potential+for+dispersal+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+by+infested+seed&rft.au=Gracia-Garza%2C+JA%3BFravel%3BNelson%2C+A+J%3BElias%2C+K+S%3BBailey%2C+BA%3BArevalo+Gardini%2C+E%3BDarlington%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Gracia-Garza&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erythroxylum coca coca; Fusarium oxysporum; Disease transmission; Wilt; Seed-borne diseases; Fruits; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification, characterization, and relatedness of luteovirus isolates from forage legumes AN - 17251306; 4526618 AB - Virus isolates from forage legumes collected from eight different states were identified as luteoviruses closely related to soybean dwarf luteovirus dwarfing (SbDV-D) and yellowing (SbDV-Y) described in Japan. All isolates produced reddened leaf margins in subterranean clover and were transmitted in a persistent manner by Acrythosiphon pisum, but not by Aulacorthum solani. Specific monoclonal antibodies raised against SbDV-Y were differentially reactive with endemic isolates. Immunoblots probed with a SbDV-D polyclonal antiserum showed single 26-kDa coat protein bands, confirming close serological relatedness to SbDV. Analyses of genomic and subgenomic double-stranded RNAs and northern blot analyses confirmed genomic relatedness to SbDV. Based on our results, we conclude that the U.S. luteovirus isolates studied comprise a strain or strains of the soybean dwarf virus that have clovers as common hosts and the pea aphid as a common vector. JF - Phytopathology AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Stone, AL AU - Russo, A J AU - Luster, D G AU - Gildow, F E AU - Smith, O P AD - USDA-ARS, NAA, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA, damsteeg@ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 374 EP - 379 VL - 89 IS - 5 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - double-stranded KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acrythosiphon pisum KW - Legumes KW - Luteovirus KW - Immunoblotting KW - Plant diseases KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Vectors KW - Soybean dwarf virus KW - Genetic relationship KW - RNA KW - Proteins KW - Forage KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17251306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification%2C+characterization%2C+and+relatedness+of+luteovirus+isolates+from+forage+legumes&rft.au=Damsteegt%2C+V+D%3BStone%2C+AL%3BRusso%2C+A+J%3BLuster%2C+D+G%3BGildow%2C+F+E%3BSmith%2C+O+P&rft.aulast=Damsteegt&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrythosiphon pisum; Luteovirus; Soybean dwarf virus; Genetic relationship; RNA; Proteins; Legumes; Immunoblotting; Forage; Monoclonal antibodies; Vectors; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, water relations, and survival of drought-exposed seedlings from six maternal families of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa): responses to CO sub(2) enrichment AN - 17249293; 4533209 AB - Low water availability is a leading contributor to mortality of woody seedlings on grasslands, including those of the invasive shrub Prosopis. Increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration could favor some genotypes of this species over others if there exists intraspecific variation in the responsiveness of survivorship to CO sub(2). To investigate such variation, we studied effects of CO sub(2) enrichment on seedling survival in response to uniform rates of soil water depletion in six maternal families of honey mesquite (P. glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa). Three families each from the arid and mesic extremes of the species' distribution in the southwestern United States were studied in environmentally controlled glasshouses. Relative water content at turgor loss and osmotic potential were not affected by CO sub(2) treatment. Increased atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration, however, increased growth, leaf production and area, and midday xylem pressure potential, and apparently reduced transpiration per unit leaf area of seedlings as soil dried. Consequently, CO sub(2) enrichment about doubled the fraction of seedlings that survived soil water depletion. Maternal families of honey mesquite differed in percentage survival of drought and in several other characteristics, but differences were of similar or of smaller magnitude compared with differences between CO sub(2) treatments. There was no evidence for genetic variation in the responsiveness of survivorship to CO sub(2). By increasing seedling survival of drought, increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration could increase the abundance of honey mesquite where establishment is limited by water availability. Genetic types with superior ability to survive drought today, however, apparently will maintain that advantage in the future. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Polley, H W AU - Tischler, C R AU - Johnson, H B AU - Pennington, R E AD - USDA, ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 E. Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 359 EP - 366 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - USA, Southwest KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Plant water potential KW - Leaves KW - Survival KW - Seedlings KW - Plant growth KW - Drought KW - Enrichment KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Soil water KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17249293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+water+relations%2C+and+survival+of+drought-exposed+seedlings+from+six+maternal+families+of+honey+mesquite+%28Prosopis+glandulosa%29%3A+responses+to+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W%3BTischler%2C+C+R%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BPennington%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Plant water potential; Leaves; Survival; Plant growth; Seedlings; Drought; Carbon dioxide; Enrichment; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104 based on a gene which confers cross-resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol AN - 17242055; 4526564 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (S. typhimurium) DT104 (DT104) first emerged as a major pathogen in Europe and is characterized by its pentadrug-resistant pattern. It has also been associated with outbreaks in the United States. The organism typically carries resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in DT104 was determined by producing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli host strain clones from DT104 DNA. DNA from chloramphenicol-resistant clones was sequenced, and probes specific for the genes flo sub(S.typhimurium) (flo sub(St)), int, invA, and spvC were produced for colony blot hybridizations. One hundred nine Salmonella isolates, including 44 multidrug-resistant DT104 isolates, were tested to evaluate the specificities of the probes. The gene flo sub(St), reported in this study, confers chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance on S. typhimurium DT104. Florfenicol resistance is unique to S. typhimurium DT104 and multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium isolates with the same drug resistance profile among all isolates evaluated. Of 44 DT104 isolates tested, 98% were detected based on phenotypic florfenicol resistance and 100% had the flo sub(St)-positive genotype. Resistances to florfenicol and chloramphenicol are conferred by the gene flo sub(St), described in this paper. Presumptive identification of S. typhimurium DT104 can be made rapidly based on the presence of the flo sub(St) gene or its resulting phenotype. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bolton, L F AU - Kelley, L C AU - Lee, MD AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Maurer, J J AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA, pcray@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1348 EP - 1351 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Florfenicol KW - chloramphenicol KW - detection KW - floSt gene KW - florfenicol KW - int gene KW - invA gene KW - spvC gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Drug resistance KW - DNA probes KW - Genotypes KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Genes KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Escherichia coli KW - Multidrug resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17242055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+multidrug-resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+typhimurium+DT104+based+on+a+gene+which+confers+cross-resistance+to+florfenicol+and+chloramphenicol&rft.au=Bolton%2C+L+F%3BKelley%2C+L+C%3BLee%2C+MD%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BMaurer%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella enterica; Chloramphenicol; Genotypes; Hybridization analysis; DNA probes; Drug resistance; Genes; Multidrug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Characterization of a Gene Cluster for Synthesis of the Polyketide Antibiotic 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol from Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 AN - 17236604; 4512770 AB - The polyketide metabolite 2,4- diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) is produced by many strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. with biocontrol activity against soilborne fungal plant pathogens. Genes required for 2,4- DAPG synthesis by P. fluorescens Q2-87 are encoded by a 6.5-kb fragment of genomic DNA that can transfer production of 2,4-DAPG to 2,4-DAPG-nonproducing recipient Pseudomonas strains. In this study the nucleotide sequence was determined for the 6.5-kb fragment and flanking regions of genomic DNA from strain Q2-87. Six open reading frames were identified, four of which (phlACBD) comprise an operon that includes a set of three genes (phlACB) conserved between eubacteria and archaebacteria and a gene (phlD) encoding a polyketide synthase with homology to chalcone and stilbene synthases from plants. The biosynthetic operon is flanked on either side by phlE and phlF, which code respectively for putative efflux and regulatory (repressor) proteins. Expression in Escherichia coli of phlA, phlC, phlB, and phlD, individually or in combination, identified a novel polyketide biosynthetic pathway in which PhlD is responsible for the production of monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG). PhlA, PhlC, and PhlB are necessary to convert MAPG to 2,4-DAPG, and they also may function in the synthesis of MAPG. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Bangera, M G AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646430, Pullman WA 99164-6430, thomasho@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 3155 EP - 3163 VL - 181 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - monoacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlA gene KW - phlB gene KW - phlC gene KW - phlD gene KW - phlE gene KW - phlF gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Escherichia coli KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Characterization+of+a+Gene+Cluster+for+Synthesis+of+the+Polyketide+Antibiotic+2%2C4-Diacetylphloroglucinol+from+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Q2-87&rft.au=Bangera%2C+M+G%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Bangera&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas fluorescens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Conceptual Model for Defining and Assessing Condition of Forest Stands AN - 17225002; 4503028 AB - Determining what indicators can be used to measure forest health has been much discussed but largely unresolved in the forestry literature. A model is presented in which the condition of a stand is quantified relative to a suitable target condition based on a preselected set of stands that, in the opinions of the managers, meet management objectives. Each stand was characterized by a list of variables that were selected from the existing forest database. We termed these characterizations stand profiles. Profiles of inventory data for 28 stands, each managed for either wildlife habitat or timber production in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in eastern Oregon, USA, were used to develop this model. Healthy stands were represented by points in multidimensional scaling space that fell within the bounds of a 65% kernel density estimation of the distribution of stands preselected for each management objective. Stands falling outside these bounds were, by definition unhealthy, and the distance from the bounds is a measure of degree of unhealthiness. Operationally, the objectives of silvicultural manipulations would be to maintain or move points to within the target space by selectively manipulating the values composing stand profiles. The direction and length of the trajectory associated with manipulations is an indicator of the effect of management actions. More work needs to be done to develop and validate this method. JF - Environmental Management AU - Lundquist, JE AU - Beatty, J S AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 0519 EP - 0525 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Stands KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+Conceptual+Model+for+Defining+and+Assessing+Condition+of+Forest+Stands&rft.au=Lundquist%2C+JE%3BBeatty%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Lundquist&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=0519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Stands; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Relative Humidity on Viability of Primary Conidia of Zoophthora radicans AN - 17221776; 4500892 AB - Four isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Zoophthora radicans were compared in a laboratory study to evaluate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on duration of primary conidial viability. Primary conidia were showered onto agar-coated glass microscope slides within an enclosed chamber equilibrated to one of five test RH levels (60, 75, 80, 95, or 100%). Target RH levels were achieved by recirculating air through a glycerin/water solution, of controlled specific gravity, contained in a reservoir within the chamber. Conidial samples of each isolate incubated for 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, or 240 min at each RH were removed and inspected using a technique of simultaneous vital fluorochrome staining to determine percentage conidial viability. At 60% RH, isolates did not differ significantly and average viability dropped to less than 10% within the first 60 min. At 75% RH, viability did not change significantly over 4 h. However, average viabilities at 75% RH differed significantly for the four isolates and ranged from 24 to 63%. At 80% RH, viability differed significantly among isolates and declined slowly over time, remaining above 80% for 2 h and above 50% for 4 h. At 95 and 100% RH, average viability was near 95% and did not vary significantly with time or isolate. These data can be used to assist selection of appropriate isolates for biological control. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Griggs, M H AU - Vandenberg, J D AU - Sawyer, A J AD - USDA APHIS PPQ, Hawaii Plant Protection Center, P. O. Box 1040, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 315 EP - 320 PB - Academic Press VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - microscopy KW - viability KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Relative humidity KW - Biological control KW - Humidity KW - Conidia KW - Zoophthora radicans KW - Entomopathogenic fungi KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17221776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Relative+Humidity+on+Viability+of+Primary+Conidia+of+Zoophthora+radicans&rft.au=Griggs%2C+M+H%3BVandenberg%2C+J+D%3BSawyer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Griggs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zoophthora radicans; Biological control; Entomopathogenic fungi; Conidia; Relative humidity; Humidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of the C6-zinc cluster protein, AFLR, to the promoters of aflatoxin pathway biosynthesis genes in Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 69708987; 10216264 AB - AFLR is a Zn2Cys6-type sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that is thought to be necessary for expression of most of the genes in the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus, and the sterigmatocystin gene cluster in A. nidulans. However, it was not known whether AFLR bound to the promoter regions of each of the genes in the cluster. Recently, A. nidulans AFLR was shown to bind to the motif 5'-TCGN5CGA-3'. In the present study, we examined the binding of AFLR to promoter regions of 11 genes in the A. parasiticus cluster. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the genes nor1, pksA, adhA, norA, ver1, omtA, ordA, and, vbs, had at least one 5'-TCGN5CGA-3' binding site within 200bp of the translation start site, and pksA and ver1 had an additional binding site further upstream. Although the promoter region of avnA lacked this motif, AFLR bound weakly to the sequence 5'-TCGCAGCCCGG-3' at -110bp. One region in the promoter of the divergently transcribed genes aflR/aflJ bound weakly to AFLR even though it contained a site with at most only 7bp of the 5'-TCGN5CGA-3' motif. This partial site may be recognized by a monomeric form of AFLR. Based on a comparison of 16 possible sites, the preferred binding sequence was 5'-TCGSWNNSCGR-3'. JF - Gene AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Montalbano, B G AU - Cary, J W AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. erlich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 16 SP - 249 EP - 257 VL - 230 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Nuclear Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA Footprinting KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal -- genetics KW - Binding Sites KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- analysis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69708987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Binding+of+the+C6-zinc+cluster+protein%2C+AFLR%2C+to+the+promoters+of+aflatoxin+pathway+biosynthesis+genes+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+K+C%3BMontalbano%2C+B+G%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-16&rft.volume=230&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Congener Specific Evaluation of Transfer of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans to Milk of Cows following Ingestion of Pentachlorophenol-Treated Wood AN - 17364539; 4586391 AB - Pentachlorophenol (PCP) treated wood has been hypothesized as an important source of dioxins in milk and beef. This phase of studies to evaluate the hypothesis involved the administration of PCP-treated wood to cows and measurement of the transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) to milk. The 3 g/day dose of ground wood was administered to four cows for 56 days. This dose provided a PCP intake of 4.8 mg/day and PCDD/F intakes in the range of 0.3 mu g/day for 2,3,7,8-TCDD to 17 000 mu g/day for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD. Steady state with respect to excretion in milk was reached because concentrations of PCDD/Fs in milk fat were reasonably constant from day 28 through day 56. The PCDFs without chlorine in the 4 and 6 positions were metabolized and not transported to milk. The other PCDFs and all PCDDs had intake adjusted concentrations in milk that were inverse to the number of chlorines. Variations among cows in concentrations of specific congeners were small and were not related to body weight, dry matter intake, or production of milk and milk fat. The transfer coefficients calculated for the PCDD/Fs in this study provide tools for reducing uncertainty in risk assessments. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Fries, G F AU - Paustenbach, D J AU - Mather, D B AU - Luksemburg, W J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, fries@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 1165 EP - 1170 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Cow's milk KW - PCDF KW - PCDD KW - Milk KW - Polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Wood KW - Food contamination KW - Ingestion KW - Cattle KW - Preservatives KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17364539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+Congener+Specific+Evaluation+of+Transfer+of+Chlorinated+Dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+Dibenzofurans+to+Milk+of+Cows+following+Ingestion+of+Pentachlorophenol-Treated+Wood&rft.au=Fries%2C+G+F%3BPaustenbach%2C+D+J%3BMather%2C+D+B%3BLuksemburg%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Fries&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes981153d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cattle; Ingestion; Wood; PCDD; PCDF; Food contamination; Milk; Polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Cow's milk; Pentachlorophenol; Preservatives; Organochlorine compounds; Risk assessment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es981153d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relating stream-bank erosion to in-stream transport of suspended sediment AN - 17294194; 4505626 AB - We seek an improved and quantitative understanding of the sources and transport of sediment and attached phosphorus in upland catchments and downstream reaches of the Namoi River in New South Wales, Australia. Study of the sources of phosphorus and related sediment was motivated by severe problems with blooms of blue-green algae and toxic by-products in the Darling and Namoi Rivers. Using atmospheric fall-out of radionuclides as tracers, Olley et al. (1996) concluded that much of the sediment deposited in the lower reaches came from subsoil rather than topsoil. With this insight, we focus on quantifying sediment sources from stream bank erosion, especially in seasonally erosional reaches of Cox's Creek and the Mooki River. The approach presented here integrates interdecadal aerial photography, interseasonal field measurements of bank erosion processes, continuous monitoring of stream flow and turbidity and event sampling of suspended solids and phosphorus, with an analytical model of in-stream suspended sediment transport. We compare a lateral source term in the calibrated transport model with field-based and aerial measurements of stream bank erosion. Calibration of the in-stream model is illustrated for two reaches of the Mooki River, with the changes in parameter values being related to aspects of the hydraulic geometry and particle size. The processes of stream flow and bank erosion due to undercutting, desiccation, block failure and mass wasting of aggregated particles interact to produce instream fluxes of suspended sediment that are transported and redeposited downstream. The combined approach demonstrated here has potential for predictive spatial modelling of sediment concentrations and loads. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Green, T R AU - Beavis, S G AU - Dietrich, C R AU - Jakeman, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research Unit, 301 S. Howes Street, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 777 EP - 787 PB - John Wiley & Sons VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Australia, New South Wales KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Hydraulics KW - Calibration KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Bank erosion KW - Catchment areas KW - Sediment transport KW - Particle size KW - Suspended sediments KW - Rivers KW - Streamflow KW - Stream flow KW - Erosion KW - River banks KW - Deposition KW - Turbidity KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17294194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Relating+stream-bank+erosion+to+in-stream+transport+of+suspended+sediment&rft.au=Green%2C+T+R%3BBeavis%2C+S+G%3BDietrich%2C+C+R%3BJakeman%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1085%2819990415%2913%3A53.3.CO%3B2-G LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Process interactions in the environment. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Rivers; Suspended sediments; Particle size; Hydraulics; Erosion; River banks; Calibration; Sediment transport; Streams; Turbidity; Stream flow; Streamflow; Bank erosion; Catchment areas; Deposition; Australia, New South Wales; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990415)13:5<777::AID-HYP780>3.3.CO;2-G ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transboundary Issues in Wilderness Management AN - 899134568; 15625104 JF - Environmental Management AU - Kelson, Aaron R AU - Lilieholm, Robert J AD - USDA Economic Research Service 1800 M Street, NW, Room 4041 Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA , US PY - 1999 SP - 297 EP - 305 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Wilderness KW - P 9999:GENERAL POLLUTION KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899134568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Transboundary+Issues+in+Wilderness+Management&rft.au=Kelson%2C+Aaron+R%3BLilieholm%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Kelson&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900187 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wilderness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900187 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying livestock responses for heat stress management: a review. AN - 69733344; 10232054 AB - Hot weather challenges livestock production but technology exists to offset the challenge if producers have made appropriate strategic decisions. Key issues include understanding the hazards of heat stress, being prepared to offer relief from the heat, recognizing when an animal is in danger, and taking appropriate action. This paper describes our efforts to develop biological response functions; assesses climatic probabilities and performs associated risk analyses; provides inputs for computer models used to make environmental management decisions; and evaluates threshold temperatures as estimates of critical temperature limits for swine, cattle and sheep. JF - International journal of biometeorology AU - Nienaber, J A AU - Hahn, G L AU - Eigenberg, R A AD - USDA-ARS Meat Animal Research Center, Biological Engineering Research Unit, Clay Center, Neb 68933, USA. menaber@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 183 EP - 188 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7128, 0020-7128 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Sheep KW - Sheep Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Climate KW - Swine Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Heat Stress Disorders KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69733344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+livestock+responses+for+heat+stress+management%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Nienaber%2C+J+A%3BHahn%2C+G+L%3BEigenberg%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Nienaber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.issn=00207128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of runoff in laboratory-scale chambers. AN - 69664261; 10101845 AB - Many of the variables that control transport of agrochemicals and pathogens in the field are difficult to measure because parameters such as slope, soil and plant conditions, and rainfall cannot be adequately controlled in the natural environment. This paper describes the design, construction, operation and performance of a system useful for studying surface transport of agrochemicals and pathogens under controlled slope, rainfall and soil conditions. A turntable is used to support and rotate 4 soil chambers under oscillating dripper units capable of simulating rainfall intensities from 1 to 43 mm h-1. Chambers (35 x 100 x 18 cm i.d.) were constructed with an adjustable height discharge gate to collect runoff and three drains to collect leachate. Height adjustable platforms were constructed to support and elevate the chambers up to 20% slope. The chambers were uniformly packed with 35 to 45 kg of soil (bulk density 1.18-1.27 g cm-3) and initially saturated with two low intensity rain events. The coefficient of variation of the rainfall delivery over a range of 5 to 43 mm h-1 averaged 7.5%. An experiment to determine the variability between chambers in runoff amount and uniformity indicated that at least one runoff-equilibration cycle is needed to obtain steady state conditions for conducting runoff transport evaluations. Another experiment conducted to evaluate atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] runoff under simulated crop-residue covered vs bare soil conditions indicated six times more runoff from bare than crop residue covered soil. The system is capable of precise application of simulated rain, the simultaneous collection of runoff and leachate at slopes up to 20% and can be easily modified to meet a wide range of research parameters. JF - Chemosphere AU - Isensee, A R AU - Sadeghi, A M AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Chemistry Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 1733 EP - 1744 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rain KW - Pesticides -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69664261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+runoff+in+laboratory-scale+chambers.&rft.au=Isensee%2C+A+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Isensee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of sarafloxacin residues in fortified and incurred eggs using on-line microdialysis and HPLC/programmable fluorescence detection. AN - 69284865; 10564017 AB - Isolation of sarafloxacin (SAR) from fortified and incurred chicken eggs was done by a combination of liquid-liquid extraction and aqueous on-line microdialysis performed on an automated trace enrichment of dialysates (ASTED) system. The ASTED system coupled a sample cleanup procedure with HPLC and programmable fluorescence detection. Overall recoveries of 87-102% for SAR were obtained from samples fortified over a range of 1-100 ng/g. The relative standard deviation values ranged from 22 to 26% for samples fortified between 1 and 5 ng/g and from 2 to 12% for samples fortified between 10 and 100 ng/g. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.2 and 1 ng/g, respectively. Eggs containing incurred SAR, which were collected over a 3-day dosing period and for 5 consecutive days thereafter, also were analyzed by using this technique. Because the method is automated, 35 samples can be processed within a 24-h period, which enables large data sets to be acquired over a short time period. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Maxwell, R J AU - Cohen, E AU - Donoghue, D J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rmaxwell@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 1563 EP - 1567 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - sarafloxacin KW - RC3WJ907XY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Automation KW - Oviposition KW - Microdialysis -- methods KW - Female KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Ciprofloxacin -- analysis KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Ciprofloxacin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Ciprofloxacin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69284865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+sarafloxacin+residues+in+fortified+and+incurred+eggs+using+on-line+microdialysis+and+HPLC%2Fprogrammable+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+R+J%3BCohen%2C+E%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field data and ground water modeling in a layered fractured aquifer AN - 52475899; 1999-038266 JF - Ground Water AU - Gburek, W J AU - Folmar, G J AU - Urban, J B Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 175 EP - 184 PB - National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division, Urbana, IL VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - United States KW - fractured materials KW - watersheds KW - calibration KW - refraction methods KW - layered materials KW - cores KW - ground water KW - fractures KW - shallow depth KW - bedrock KW - geophysical methods KW - interval packer tests KW - Dauphin County Pennsylvania KW - seismic methods KW - aquifers KW - models KW - boreholes KW - testing KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Pennsylvania KW - Mohantango Creek KW - Harrisburg Pennsylvania KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52475899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Field+data+and+ground+water+modeling+in+a+layered+fractured+aquifer&rft.au=Gburek%2C+W+J%3BFolmar%2C+G+J%3BUrban%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bedrock; boreholes; calibration; cores; Dauphin County Pennsylvania; field studies; fractured materials; fractures; geophysical methods; ground water; Harrisburg Pennsylvania; hydraulic conductivity; interval packer tests; layered materials; models; Mohantango Creek; Pennsylvania; refraction methods; seismic methods; shallow depth; testing; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural land use impacts on bacterial water quality in a karst groundwater aquifer AN - 20187377; 4547103 AB - The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian Region. Karst areas comprise about 18 percent of the Region's land area. An estimated one-third of the Region's farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are on karst terrain. The purpose of this study was to compare fecal bacteria densities in karst groundwater impacted by two primary agricultural land uses in central Appalachia. Fecal bacteria densities were measured in cave streams draining two primary land management areas. The first area was pasture serving a beef cow-calf operation. The second area was a dairy. Neither area had best management practices in place for controlling animal wastes. Median fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus densities were highest in cave streams draining the dairy. Median fecal coliform densities in the dairy-impacted stream were greater than 4,000 CFU/100 ml and the median fecal coliform densities in the pasture-impacted streams were less than 10 CFU/100 ml. Median fecal streptococcus densities in the same streams were greater than 2,000 CFU/100 ml and 32 CFU/100 ml, respectively. A second dairy, with best management practices for control of animal and milkhouse waste, did not appear to be contributing significant amounts of fecal bacteria to the karst aquifer. It was concluded that agriculture was affecting bacterial densities in the karst aquifer. New management practices specifically designed to protect karst groundwater resources may be one way to protect the groundwater resource. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Boyer, D G AU - Pasquarell, G C AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, West Virginia 25813, USA, dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 291 EP - 300 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Resource management KW - Farms KW - Water resources KW - Water quality KW - Pasture KW - Microbiological analysis KW - Livestock (see also Individual animals) KW - Agricultural practices KW - Streptococcus KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Water Quality KW - Land use KW - Pollution (Groundwater) KW - Beef KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Aquifers KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Karst KW - Streams KW - Animal manures KW - Agricultural land KW - Ground water KW - Animal Wastes KW - Bacteria KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Animal wastes KW - Bacterial Analysis KW - Livestock KW - Dairies KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Caves KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20187377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Agricultural+land+use+impacts+on+bacterial+water+quality+in+a+karst+groundwater+aquifer&rft.au=Boyer%2C+D+G%3BPasquarell%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Aquifers; Fecal coliforms; Resource management; Farms; Animal wastes; Water resources; Water quality; Streams; Pasture; Dairies; Agricultural land; Beef; Colony-forming cells; Caves; Ground water; Agricultural wastes; Groundwater pollution; Land use; Livestock; Pollution (Groundwater); Agricultural practices; Karst; Pollution (Water); Water quality (Natural waters); Animal manures; Livestock (see also Individual animals); Microbiological analysis; Land Use; Water Pollution Sources; Agricultural Practices; Water Quality; Groundwater Pollution; Animal Wastes; Bacterial Analysis; Streptococcus; Bacteria; USA, Appalachian Mts. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow and chemical contributions to streamflow in an upland watershed: a baseflow survey AN - 17578637; 4488661 AB - We sampled an east-central Pennsylvania watershed to investigate controls on baseflow and the associated water quality in the upland agricultural watershed setting. Tributaries and upgradient reaches of two main streams exhibited increasing flow from influent groundwater, but rates of increase were different depending on topographic position. Approximately midway through the watershed, the main streams showed loss of flow to groundwater, but reverted to gaining conditions near the watershed outlet, a zone of groundwater discharge. Tributaries draining a forested ridge exhibited low ionic concentrations, while those originating within agricultural areas exhibited higher concentrations of all ions, including NO sub(3)-N upto 20 mg/l These concentrations represent drainage from a surficial aquifer with water quality affected by overlying land use. From midway down the main streams to the watershed outlet, baseflow exhibited stable and moderate chemical concentrations; Ca, Mg, SO sub(4), Cl, NO sub(3), and HCO sub(3) were the dominant ions, and NO sub(3)-N concentrations were about 5 mg/l. A simple model was developed to explain nitrate concentrations within baseflow. It showed that nitrate was predictable down to the subwatershed scale based on percentage of major land use categories. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Gburek, W J AU - Folmar, G J AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Pasture Lab Building, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, wjg1@psu.edu Y1 - 1999/04/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 01 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 217 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - base flow KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Use KW - Ions KW - Nitrates KW - Geochemistry KW - Base Flow KW - Water Quality KW - Streamflow KW - Watersheds KW - Water pollution KW - Land use KW - Stream flow KW - Ground water KW - Groundwater KW - Topography KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17578637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Flow+and+chemical+contributions+to+streamflow+in+an+upland+watershed%3A+a+baseflow+survey&rft.au=Gburek%2C+W+J%3BFolmar%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2898%2900282-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Watersheds; Land Use; Nitrates; Streamflow; Water Quality; Agriculture; Base Flow; Geochemistry; Topography; Groundwater; Ions; USA, Pennsylvania; Stream flow; Ground water; Land use; Water pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00282-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of southern flying squirrels on nest success of red-cockaded woodpeckers AN - 17440284; 4658803 AB - Recovery efforts for endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) often include control of southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans). Nevertheless, few studies demonstrate directly that this control improves nest success of red-cockaded woodpeckers, and no experimental studies have evaluated what form of flying squirrel management is most effective. Therefore, in 1996 and 1997 at Fort Stewart, Georgia, we quantified the nesting success of red-cockaded woodpeckers in 30 cavity-tree clusters from which flying squirrels were removed, 30 clusters in which flying squirrels were excluded from cavities with squirrel-excluder devices, and 30 control clusters with no flying squirrel management. Removal or exclusion of flying squirrels did not affect the likelihood that red-cockaded woodpeckers would initiate a nest or the median date the first egg was laid in either year. In 1996 (but not 1997), red-cockaded woodpeckers were more likely to nest successfully (produce greater than or equal to 1 fledgling) in clusters from which flying squirrels were removed. However, in both years of our study, nests in flying squirrel removal clusters were more likely to experience partial nest loss (disappearance of a portion of their eggs or nestlings). As a net result, the number of eggs, nestlings, and fledglings did not differ among treatments in 1996 or 1997. Removal or exclusion of flying squirrels did not increase the percentage of clusters fledging young or the number of young fledged per cluster. We suggest routine control of flying squirrels is not needed in healthy populations of red-cockaded woodpeckers. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Mitchell, L R AU - Carlile, L D AU - Chandler, C R AD - Natural Resources Conservation Service, Route 1, Box 1B, Milan, MO 63556, USA, chandler@gasou.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 538 EP - 545 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17440284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+southern+flying+squirrels+on+nest+success+of+red-cockaded+woodpeckers&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+L+R%3BCarlile%2C+L+D%3BChandler%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of preventive coyote hunting on sheep losses to coyote predation AN - 17438370; 4658812 AB - Aerial hunting is commonly used by agriculture agencies in the Intermountain West to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) predation on domestic sheep. We assessed the effect of aerial hunting of coyotes on sheep losses to coyotes, and the need for corrective predation management (hours of work, device nights) on the same pastures when sheep arrived for the subsequent summer grazing season (3-6 months after aerial hunting). Comparisons were made between paired pastures with (treated) and without (untreated) winter aerial hunting from helicopters. Average (\m?\x plus or minus SE) pasture size was 45.2 plus or minus 14.1 km super(2) (n = 21) for treated pastures and 30.9 plus or minus 4.6 km super(2) (n = 21) for untreated pastures. There was an average of 1,098 plus or minus 88 ewes and 1,226 plus or minus 149 lambs in treated pastures, and 1,002 plus or minus 149 ewes and 1,236 plus or minus 79 lambs in untreated pastures. The number of dead lambs located and confirmed killed by coyotes (confirmed kills) was less in treated pastures (2.7 plus or minus 0.6) than in untreated pastures (7.3 plus or minus 1.6; P = 0.01). To estimate total lamb losses to coyotes, we multiplied the proportion of known lamb deaths that were confirmed coyote kills by the number of missing lambs and added the resulting figure to the number of confirmed kills. These estimates of lamb loss to coyotes were also lower in treated (11.8 plus or minus 6.2) than untreated pastures (35.2 plus or minus 8.1; P = 0.02). Hours required for summer coyote control also were less (P = 0.01) in treated pastures (37.3 plus or minus 8.5) than in untreated pastures (57.2 plus or minus 11.3). Winter aerial hunting increased the mean number of coyotes killed annually per pasture from 2.0 plus or minus 1.0 to 5.7 plus or minus 1.1 (P = 0.04), but it did not affect the number of coyotes removed during summer coyote control (P = 0.52). Based on 1995 values for Utah lambs and labor, winter aerial hunting of coyotes had a benefit:cost ratio of 2.1:1. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Wagner, K K AU - Conover, M R AD - USDA, APHIS, WS, NWRC, Olympia Field Station, 9730 O-B Lathrop Industial Drive SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, kimwagner@juno.com Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 606 EP - 612 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17438370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Effect+of+preventive+coyote+hunting+on+sheep+losses+to+coyote+predation&rft.au=Wagner%2C+K+K%3BConover%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Daily Carbon Dioxide Exposure Duration and Root Environment on Soybean Response to Elevated Carbon Dioxide AN - 17394649; 4617349 AB - Little is known about effects of daily CO sub(2) enrichment duration and root environment on plant response to elevated CO sub(2). Two experiments were performed with Essex soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in open-top field chambers to address these questions. In one experiment, effects of 12 and 24 h d super(-1) exposures to double-ambient CO sub(2) were compared for plants grown in 14 L pots that were either insulated to moderate soil temperature or not insulated. Although never significant statistically, trends at some growth stages suggested that nighttime CO sub(2) enrichment contributed to growth and yield. Plants grew and yielded more in insulated than noninsulated pots, but there were no significant CO sub(2) enrichment X insulation interactions. In the second experiment, response to approximately 1.3, 1.6, and 1.9 times ambient CO sub(2) was compared for plants grown in the ground or 14 L pots. Enhancement of photosynthesis, growth, and yield by CO sub(2) enrichment was similar in pots and in the ground. Linear responses to different CO sub(2) concentrations were significant for all yield components in both root environments, whereas quadratic responses were significant for plants in pots but not for plants in the ground. Tests of proportionality of response for yield components showed no evidence of significant differences between plants in pots and in the ground except weight per 100 seeds. Seed yield enhancement at 1.9 times ambient CO sub(2) was 36% for plants in pots and 33% for plants in the ground. Overall, proportional response of soybean to CO sub(2) enrichment was relatively uniform in spite of large differences in baseline growth and yield. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Booker, F L AU - Miller, JE AU - Pursley, WA AU - Stefanski, LA AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality-Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd., Raleigh, NC 27603, USA, asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 666 EP - 675 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Glycine max KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Plants KW - Temperature KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17394649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Daily+Carbon+Dioxide+Exposure+Duration+and+Root+Environment+on+Soybean+Response+to+Elevated+Carbon+Dioxide&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BBooker%2C+F+L%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BPursley%2C+WA%3BStefanski%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Temperature; Carbon dioxide; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a GIS-Linked Model of Salt Loading to Groundwater AN - 17392862; 4617333 AB - The ability to assess through prognostication the impact of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loads to groundwater, such as salt loading, is a key element in agriculture's sustainability by mitigating deleterious environmental impacts before they occur. The modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone is well suited to the integration of a geographic information system (GIS) because of the spatial nature of NPS pollutants. The GIS-linked, functional model TETrans was evaluated for its ability to predict salt loading to groundwater in a 2396 ha study area of the Broadview Water District located on the westside of central California's San Joaquin Valley. Model input data were obtained from spatially-referenced measurements as opposed to previous NPS pollution modeling effort's reliance upon generalized information from existing spatial databases (e.g., soil surveys) and transfer functions. The simulated temporal and spatial changes in the loading of salts to drainage waters for the study period 1991-1996 were compared to measured data. A comparison of the predicted and measured cumulative salt loads in drainage waters for individual drainage sumps showed acceptable agreement for management applications. An evaluation of the results indicated the practicality and utility of applying a one-dimensional, GIS-linked model of solute transport in the vadose zone to predict and visually display salt loading over thousands of hectares. The display maps provide a visual tool for assessing the potential impact of salinity upon groundwater, thereby providing information to make management decisions for the purpose of minimizing environmental impacts without compromising future agricultural productivity. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Corwin, D L AU - Carrillo, MLK AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Cone, D G AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 471 EP - 480 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - USA, San Joaquin Valley KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental Effects KW - Aeration Zone KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Maps KW - Model Studies KW - Evaluation KW - Salts KW - Salinity KW - Solute Transport KW - Comparison Studies KW - Load Distribution KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Geographic information systems KW - Drainage Water KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17392862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+GIS-Linked+Model+of+Salt+Loading+to+Groundwater&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BCarrillo%2C+MLK%3BVaughan%2C+P+J%3BRhoades%2C+J+D%3BCone%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Geographical Information Systems; Model Studies; Salinity; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Groundwater Pollution; Aeration Zone; Drainage Water; Comparison Studies; Solute Transport; Environmental Effects; Maps; Load Distribution; Groundwater pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Salts; Geographic information systems; Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advanced Information Technologies for Assessing Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Vadose Zone: Conference Overview AN - 17391787; 4617323 AB - The information age has ushered in an awareness of and concern for global environmental problems such as climatic change, ozone depletion, deforestation, desertification, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Nonpoint source pollution is the single greatest threat to surface and subsurface drinking water resources. Nonpoint source pollutants also pose a threat to sustainable agriculture, which is viewed as the most viable means of meeting the food demands of a world population that is expected to reach 9.4 billion by the middle of the next century. The ability to accurately assess present and future NPS pollution impacts on ecosystems ranging from local to global scales would provide a powerful tool for environmental stewardship and guiding future human activities. Assessing NPS pollutant is a multidisciplinary problem. To address the problem, advanced information technologies and methodologies are needed that draw from all areas of science and are applied in a spatial context. It was from this setting that the 1997 Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference Application of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling for Assessing Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone (19-24 Oct. 1997, Riverside, CA) materialized. The objective of the conference was to examine current multidisciplinary technologies and methodologies for assessing NPS pollutants in the vadose zone, and to explore new conceptual approaches. It was the conference's goal to provide a forum to stimulate multidisciplinary interaction to enhance the development of techniques for the real-time measurement and modeling of NPS pollution in the vadose zone and subsurface waters. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Corwin, D L AU - Loague, K AU - Ellsworth, T R AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 357 EP - 365 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pollution detection KW - Conferences KW - Pollution effects KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Drinking water KW - Environment management KW - Water pollution KW - Information exchange KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Advanced+Information+Technologies+for+Assessing+Nonpoint+Source+Pollution+in+the+Vadose+Zone%3A+Conference+Overview&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BLoague%2C+K%3BEllsworth%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Pollution detection; Conferences; Groundwater pollution; Pollution effects; Environment management; Drinking water; Nonpoint pollution; Water pollution; Information exchange ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption of Selected Pesticides on a Rigid PVC Lysimeter AN - 17390816; 4617354 AB - Lysimeters have traditionally been made out of stainless steel and teflon to monitor soil solutions and groundwater. The possibility of adsorption of organic chemicals to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lysimeters, a more economical alternative to stainless steel, has led to debate over their suitability for groundwater sampling. The adsorption of different pesticide chemistries, chloroacetanilide (alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide)), s-triazine (atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)), chloronicotinyl (imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine)), organophosphorus (isofenphos (1-methylethyl 2-[[ethoxy[(1-methylethyl)amino]phosphinothioyl]oxy]benzoate)), sulfonylurea (nicosulfuron (2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyr-imidinyl) amino ] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl ]-N,N-dimethyl -3-pyridine carboxamide)), and azole (triadimefon (1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-buta none)), on a lysimeter constructed from rigid PVC was determined to evaluate the suitability of PVC material for use in groundwater sampling. Among all pesticides tested, only isofenphos demonstrated slight adsorption (9% of applied) on the lysimeter; adsorption was rapid and isophenfos was not easily desorbed with methanol and water. None of the other pesticides adsorbed to the lysimeter. When selecting a lysimeter, potential adsorptive interactions between other pesticide chemistries and the materials used in the lysimeter construction should be evaluated. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Cecchi, A M AU - Dowdy, R H AU - Norberg, KA AD - USDA-ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Room 439, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, koskinen@soils.umn.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 732 EP - 734 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Desorption KW - Water Sampling KW - Pesticides KW - Adsorption KW - Lysimeters KW - Plastics KW - Groundwater KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Adsorption+of+Selected+Pesticides+on+a+Rigid+PVC+Lysimeter&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BCecchi%2C+A+M%3BDowdy%2C+R+H%3BNorberg%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adsorption; Pesticides; Lysimeters; Plastics; Water Sampling; Desorption; Groundwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Groundwater Flow in Tile Drain Discharge AN - 17389065; 4617327 AB - Tile systems drain water applied to agricultural fields as irrigation and precipitation but also may intercept regional groundwater flow. Identification and characterization of the potential sources of tile water is essential for informed management of salinity and contaminants. Factors influencing tile discharge including depth of water applied, evapotranspiration, water storage, drain blockage, and interception of regional groundwater flow were evaluated to determine which may be related to a fivefold variation in cumulative tile discharge among six sumps located 100 km west of Fresno, CA. Cumulative depths drained were calculated for 5 yr of weekly irrigation, precipitation, and discharge data. Evapotranspiration and water storage were estimated using the UnsatchemGeo variably-saturated water flow model. Well water levels measured on 19 dates were spatially-averaged providing spatial variation of depth-to-water among the drained areas. Variability in depth of water drained (0.18-0.95 m) was large and was not correlated with either water applied (3.26-4.58 m, r super(2) = 0.03) or with computed water flux from the bottom of the soil column (0.05-0.31 m, r super(2) = 0.00). Groundwater interception by tile drains was a factor because depth-to-water was negatively correlated with discharge (r super(2) = 0.42) and drawdown of groundwater levels by drains was relatively larger for those drained areas encountered first during regional groundwater flow. For all six sumps, drained water is likely derived from locally applied water and interception of regional groundwater flow implying that standard two-dimensional models of flow to drains, representing only water applied locally, would not be applicable to modeling of drain flows or drain-water solute concentrations. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Suarez, D L AU - Simunek, J AU - Corwin, D L AU - Rhoades, J D AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, pvaughan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 403 EP - 410 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Tile Drains KW - Variability KW - Drawdown KW - Estimating KW - Flow Discharge KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Water Storage KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Groundwater Movement KW - Tile Drainage KW - Saturated Flow KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17389065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Role+of+Groundwater+Flow+in+Tile+Drain+Discharge&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+P+J%3BSuarez%2C+D+L%3BSimunek%2C+J%3BCorwin%2C+D+L%3BRhoades%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Groundwater Movement; Estimating; Variability; Saturated Flow; Correlation Analysis; Water Storage; Tile Drains; Evapotranspiration; Flow Discharge; Drawdown; Hydrologic Models; Tile Drainage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between self-fertility, allocation of growth, and inbreeding depression in three coniferous species AN - 17375268; 4590268 AB - Mortality and growth of self and outcross families of three wind-pollinated, mixed-mating, long-lived conifers, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and noble fir (Abies procera) were followed from outplanting to age 26 (25 for noble fir) in spaced plantings at a common test site. Response to inbreeding differed greatly among species over time and in all regards. Only Douglas-fir and noble fir will be contrasted here, because ponderosa pine usually was intermediate to the other two in its response to inbreeding. In earlier reports, compared to noble fir Douglas-fir had a higher rate of primary selfing and larger inbreeding depression in seed set. Douglas-fir continued to have higher inbreeding depression in nursery and early field survival. The species differed in time courses of inbreeding depression in height and in allocation of growth due to crowding. Between ages 6 and 12, the relative elongation rate (dm times dm super(-1) times yr super(-1)) of Douglas-fir was significantly greater in the selfs than in the outcrosses. The response was not observed in noble fir. At final measurement, inbreeding depression in diameter relative to inbreeding depression in height was greater in Douglas-fir than in noble fir. At final measurement inbreeding depression in height was inversely related to inbreeding depression in survival. Cumulative inbreeding depressions from time of fertilization to final measurement were 0.98, 0.94, and 0.83 for Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and noble fir, respectively, which indicates that selfs will not contribute to the mature, reproductive populations. JF - Evolution AU - Sorensen, F C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, sorensenf@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 417 EP - 425 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0014-3820, 0014-3820 KW - Douglas fir KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Noble fir KW - inbreeding depression KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Fertility KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Inbreeding depression KW - Resource allocation KW - Self-fertilization KW - Abies procera KW - Population genetics KW - Growth KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Reproduction KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+self-fertility%2C+allocation+of+growth%2C+and+inbreeding+depression+in+three+coniferous+species&rft.au=Sorensen%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Sorensen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolution&rft.issn=00143820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus ponderosa; Abies procera; Self-fertilization; Inbreeding depression; Growth; Resource allocation; Mortality; Population genetics; Fertility; Reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with fecal shedding of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on dairy farms AN - 17372618; 4587744 AB - Fecal samples were collected from 4,361 dairy cows on 91 dairy operations between 26 February and 8 July 1996. Fecal samples were cultured for Escherichia coli O157, and positive isolates were probed for verotoxin-producing genes. A total of 52 (1.2%) fecal samples on 22 (24.2%) operations were positive for verotoxin-producing E. coli O157. Herds in which samples were collected on or after 1 May 1996 were significantly more likely to test positive than herds sampled before that date (odds ratio = 7.7). Herds maintained on farms on which alleyways were flushed with water to remove manure were 8.0 times more likely to have samples test positive for verotoxin-producing E. coli O157 than were herds maintained on farms cleaned by use of other methods of manure removal. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Garber, L AU - Wells, S AU - Schroeder-Tucker, L AU - Ferris, K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 555 South Howes, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA, lindsey.p.garber@usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 307 EP - 312 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cattle KW - verocytotoxins KW - verotoxins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Dairies KW - DNA probes KW - Escherichia coli KW - Feces KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - Livestock KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+fecal+shedding+of+verotoxin-producing+Escherichia+coli+O157+on+dairy+farms&rft.au=Garber%2C+L%3BWells%2C+S%3BSchroeder-Tucker%2C+L%3BFerris%2C+K&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Feces; Dairies; Livestock; DNA probes; Shiga-like toxin; Intestinal microflora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating costs of protecting global ecosystem diversity AN - 17371985; 4590029 AB - We estimate the costs to regional economies (as measured by the value of market goods and services forgone) from setting aside land to protect ecosystem diversity. Globally, our framework incorporates 43 unique sets of biological resources. The total annual costs (in 1990 dollars) of retiring 5, 10, and 15% of the world's land area to protect these resources are $45.5, $93.3, and $143.8 billion, respectively. About 45% of global costs occur in Japan and the EC; the US cost share is 15%. Among regional economies, the most impacted sectors are crops, livestock, and forest products. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Lewandrowski, J AU - Darwin, R F AU - Tsigas, M AU - Raneses, A AD - US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1800 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA, janl@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 111 EP - 125 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Economics KW - Biological diversity KW - Conservation KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Estimating+costs+of+protecting+global+ecosystem+diversity&rft.au=Lewandrowski%2C+J%3BDarwin%2C+R+F%3BTsigas%2C+M%3BRaneses%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lewandrowski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0921-8009%2898%2900058-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Conservation; Biological diversity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00058-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of soft rot bacteria on growth of Listeria monocytogenes on potato tuber slices AN - 17313097; 4587750 AB - Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on potato tuber slices and its interaction with four representative species of soft rot bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. viridiflava, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and Xanthomonas campestris) were investigated. When potato tuber slices were inoculated with one of two L. monocytogenes strains (Scott A and ATCC 15313), an increase in numbers of 3 to 4 logs per gram of tissue was observed with samples that were stored at 20 degree C for 6 days. However, an increase of about 2 logs was observed with samples that were stored at 8 degree C for 12 days. When potato slices were simultaneously inoculated with L. monocytogenes and one of the four soft rot bacteria, the growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited in the presence of P. fluorescens or P. viridiflava but was not significantly affected in the presence of E. carotovora or X. campestris. The antagonism of the two pseudomonads to L. monocytogenes was also observed in potato tuber extract and in culture media. Formation of inhibition zones was observed only in iron-deficient media but not in the medium supplemented with FeCl sub(3). In addition, production of fluorescent siderophore (pyoverdin) by these two pseudomonads was demonstrated. L. monocytogenes was unable to colonize macerated plant tissue induced by soft-rotting bacteria 2 days before inoculation of the pathogen. These results indicate that growth of L. monocytogenes on potato tuber slices is differentially affected by soft rot bacteria and that antagonism of fluorescent pseudomonads to L. monocytogenes is possibly caused by the production of iron-chelating siderophore by these pseudomonads. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Liao, C-H AU - Sapers, G M AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA, cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Erwinia carotovora KW - Soft rot KW - Food KW - Antagonism KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17313097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Influence+of+soft+rot+bacteria+on+growth+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+potato+tuber+slices&rft.au=Liao%2C+C-H%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C-H&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia carotovora; Listeria monocytogenes; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Xanthomonas campestris; Antagonism; Soft rot; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation Biomass Dynamics and Patterns of Sexual Reproduction in a Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie AN - 17302641; 4575934 AB - The sustainability of natural grasslands is in large part dependent upon the successful ingress and propagation of alien plant species. We attempted to characterize the propagation potential of the dominant plant species of a southeastern Montana mixed-grass prairie community including two introduced grasses, Bromus japonicus and B. tectorum. Aboveground standing crops and densities of seeds were estimated on 10 dates between September 1991 and August 1993 and seedling densities were estimated on 21 dates between September 1991 and July 1993. Total aboveground standing crop ranged from about 110 to 340 g m super(-2) and was dominated by three grasses: Bouteloua gracilis, a warm-season, perennial; Pascopyrum smithii, a cool-season, perennial; and B. japonicus, a cool-season, annual grass. Seed production was dominated by B. japonicus ( similar to 10,400 seeds m super(-2)). Bouteloua gracilis and P. smithii seed production was negligible with maximum densities of about 120 and 25 seeds m super(-2), respectively. Density of seedlings was greatest for B. japonicus ( similar to 2100 seedlings m super(-2)), Festuca octoflora ( similar to 1100 seedlings m super(-2)), and Plantago patagonica ( similar to 350 seedlings m super(-2)). Maximum number of B. gracilis seedlings was 25 m super(-2). No P. smithii seedlings were observed during the study. Temporal differences in seedling densities were closely tied to late summerearly fall precipitation patterns. Although community-level seed production and seedling establishment processes were dominated by B. japonicus, the overwhelming presence of herbage produced by the two vegetative propagating species, B. gracilis and P. smithii, casts doubt on a trend in ecological succession toward an annual grass-dominated community. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Karl, M G AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Haferkamp, M R AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT 59301, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 227 EP - 237 VL - 141 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - USA, Montana KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Rainfall KW - Species composition KW - Introduced species KW - Succession KW - Productivity KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17302641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Vegetation+Biomass+Dynamics+and+Patterns+of+Sexual+Reproduction+in+a+Northern+Mixed-Grass+Prairie&rft.au=Karl%2C+M+G%3BHeitschmidt%2C+R+K%3BHaferkamp%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Karl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%281999%29141%280227%3AVBDAPO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=141&page=227 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasslands; Succession; Introduced species; Rainfall; Species composition; Productivity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(1999)141(0227:VBDAPO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of cutinase by Thermomonospora fusca ATCC 27730 AN - 17287404; 4525807 AB - Ten strains belonging to various Thermomonospora species were tested for their ability to hydrolyse the insoluble plant polyester cutin. One strain, the thermophile T. fusca ATCC 27730, was found to produce a highly inducible cutinase when grown in broth medium containing purified apple cv. Golden Delicious cutin. Apple pomace, tomato peel, potato suberin and commercial cork were also shown to induce cutinase production. Addition of glucose to the culture medium either at the beginning of fermentation or after 2 days of incubation in the presence of apple cutin led to repression of cutinase production. The cutinase was active against a wide range of cutins, including those isolated from other apple cultivars as well as tomato, cucumber, grapefruit, and green pepper. Cutinase activity in the induced culture supernatant fluids exhibited a half-life of over 60 min at 70 degree C and a pH optimum of 11 times 0. Some potential applications for cutinases are discussed. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Fett, W F AU - Wijey, C AU - Moreau, R A AU - Osman, S F AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 561 EP - 568 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - cutinase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Cutin KW - Thermomonospora fusca KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17287404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+cutinase+by+Thermomonospora+fusca+ATCC+27730&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F%3BWijey%2C+C%3BMoreau%2C+R+A%3BOsman%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.1999.00690.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thermomonospora fusca; Media (culture); Cutin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00690.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and evaluation of a 24 well microtitre plate method for isolation of Listeria spp. or Listeria monocytogenes from foods AN - 17286910; 4525728 AB - A rapid and simple method (24M) using 24 well microtitre plates was developed to determine the presence of Listeria monocytogenes or Listeria spp. in food samples. The 24M was composed of two 24 well microtitre plates connected with a yellow tip. The 24M was evaluated with pathogen cocktails and ground beef samples and compared with the conventional method for presumptive identification of Listeria spp. Only food-borne pathogen cocktails and ground beef samples containing L. monocytogenes or Listeria spp. showed a positive reaction in 24M after 24 h incubation at 35 degree C. Test results were the same with the conventional method and the 24M method and showed high efficiency for recovery of Listeria spp. from foods. This new, convenient and economical method can isolate Listeria spp. simultaneously from 24 different food samples. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kang, D H AU - Fung, DYC AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, Kang@marc.usda.ars Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 280 EP - 284 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - isolation KW - microtitre plates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Food KW - Cell culture KW - Food contamination KW - Micromethods KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W2 32250:Others KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17286910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+evaluation+of+a+24+well+microtitre+plate+method+for+isolation+of+Listeria+spp.+or+Listeria+monocytogenes+from+foods&rft.au=Kang%2C+D+H%3BFung%2C+DYC&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.1999.00532.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Food contamination; Cell culture; Micromethods; Food DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00532.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time monitoring of Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence to beef carcass surface tissues with a bioluminescent reporter AN - 17285570; 4512072 AB - A method for studying bacteria that are attached to carcass surfaces would eliminate the need for exogenous sampling and would facilitate understanding the interaction of potential human food-borne pathogens with food animal tissue surfaces. We describe such a method in which we used a bioluminescent reporter strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that was constructed by transformation with plasmid pCGLS1, an expression vector that contains a complete bacterial luciferase (lux) operon. Beef carcass surface tissues were inoculated with the bioluminescent strain, and adherent bacteria were visualized in real time by using a sensitive photon-counting camera to obtain in situ images. The reporter strain was found to luminesce from the tissue surfaces whether it was inoculated as a suspension in buffer or as a suspension in a bovine fecal slurry. With this method, areas of tissues inoculated with the reporter strain could be studied without obtaining, excising, homogenizing, and culturing multiple samples from the tissue surface. Use of the complete lux operon as the bioluminescent reporter eliminated the need to add exogenous substrate. This allowed detection and quantitation of bacterial inocula and rapid evaluation of adherence of a potential human pathogen to tissue surfaces. Following simple water rinses of inoculated carcass tissues, the attachment duration varied with different carcass surface types. On average, the percent retention of bioluminescent signal from the reporter strain was higher on lean fascia-covered tissue (54%) than on adipose fascia-covered tissue (18%) following water washing of the tissues. Bioluminescence and culture-derived viable bacterial counts were highly correlated (r super(2) = 0.98). Real-time assessment of microbial attachment to this complex menstruum should facilitate evaluation of carcass decontamination procedures and mechanistic studies of microbial contamination of beef carcass tissues. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Nawotka, K AU - Spilman, S D AU - Contag, PR AU - Contag, CH AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA, siragusa@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 1738 EP - 1745 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Plasmid pCGLS1 KW - lux operon KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Escherichia coli KW - Luminescence KW - Bacteria KW - Bioluminescence KW - Food contamination KW - Beef KW - Adsorption KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Real-time+monitoring+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+adherence+to+beef+carcass+surface+tissues+with+a+bioluminescent+reporter&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BNawotka%2C+K%3BSpilman%2C+S+D%3BContag%2C+PR%3BContag%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Adsorption; Bioluminescence; Bacteria; Luminescence; Beef ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Bacteria Isolated from Compost AN - 17274308; 4494735 AB - A compost mixture amended with soybean oil was enriched in microorganisms that transformed unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). When oleic acid or 10-ketostearic acid was the selective fatty acid, Sphingobacterium thalpophilum (NRRL B-23206, NRRL B-23208, NRRL B-23209, NRRL B-23210, NRRL B-23211, NRRL B-23212), Acinetobacter spp. (NRRL B-23207, NRRL B-23213), and Enterobacter cloacae (NRRL B-23264, NRRL B-23265, NRRL B-23266) represented isolates that produced either hydroxystearic acid, ketostearic acid, or incomplete decarboxylations. When ricinoleic (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic) acid was the selective UFA, Enterobacter cloacae (NRRL B-23257, NRRL B-23267) and Escherichia sp. (NRRL B-23259) produced 12-C and 14-C homologous compounds, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NRRL B-23256, NRRL B-23260) converted ricinoleate to a trihydroxyoctadecenoate product. Also, various Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Serratia spp. appeared to decarboxylate linoleate substrate incompletely. These saprophytic, compost bacteria were aerobic or facultative anaerobic Gram-negative and decomposed UFAs through decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and hydroperoxidation mechanisms. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Kaneshiro, T AU - Kuo, T M AU - Nakamura, L AD - Oil Chemical Reseach, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0250 EP - 0255 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - fatty acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - Acinetobacter KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Sphinobacterium thalpophilum KW - Composting KW - Decomposition KW - Soil microorganisms KW - J 02731:Lipids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17274308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+Unsaturated+Fatty+Acids+by+Bacteria+Isolated+from+Compost&rft.au=Kaneshiro%2C+T%3BKuo%2C+T+M%3BNakamura%2C+L&rft.aulast=Kaneshiro&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=0250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acinetobacter; Enterobacter cloacae; Sphinobacterium thalpophilum; Soil microorganisms; Decomposition; Fatty acid composition; Composting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral Vaccination of White-Tailed Deer Using a Recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine Expressing the Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein A: Prospects for Immunocontraception AN - 17272680; 4554313 AB - Reduction of excess numbers of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a prime example of a potential use for immunocontraception as a means of wildlife population management. Oral vaccination appears to be the most pragmatic way to deliver immunocontraceptive vaccines to free-roaming populations of deer, but there was little, if any, prior evidence that oral vaccination is a viable concept in deer. We used live Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in a recombinant form (rBCG), which expressed Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A, to test whether deer vaccinated orally with a specific antigen expressed in a live vector produce detectable antibody titers. The data indicate that oral vaccination of deer with an expressed antigen is feasible, as demonstrated by peak antibody titers to the expressed antigen. Also, peak titers measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were highest in orally vaccinated deer: 1600 in deer vaccinated by injection and 6400 in those vaccinated orally. The results of this study demonstrate that it is feasible to vaccinate deer orally with a live vector. JF - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology AU - Miller, LA AU - Johns, B E AU - Elias, D J AU - Killian, G J AD - USDA/National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 279 EP - 285 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 8755-8920, 8755-8920 KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - White-tailed deer KW - deer KW - man KW - protein A KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Contraception KW - BCG KW - Vaccines KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - F 06837:Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17272680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Reproductive+Immunology&rft.atitle=Oral+Vaccination+of+White-Tailed+Deer+Using+a+Recombinant+Bacillus+Calmette-Guerin+Vaccine+Expressing+the+Borrelia+burgdorferi+Outer+Surface+Protein+A%3A+Prospects+for+Immunocontraception&rft.au=Miller%2C+LA%3BJohns%2C+B+E%3BElias%2C+D+J%3BKillian%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Reproductive+Immunology&rft.issn=87558920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Odocoileus virginianus; BCG; Contraception; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serine palmitoyltransferase inhibition reverses anti-proliferative effects of ceramide synthase inhibition in cultured renal cells and suppresses free sphingoid base accumulation in kidney of BALBc mice AN - 17271367; 4571664 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the fungal serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) inhibitor, myriocin, to prevent the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of fumonisin B sub(1) in cultured pig kidney epithelial cells, LLC-PK sub(1). In an earlier study with LLC-PK sub(1) cells, beta -chloroalanine (a nonspecific SPT inhibitor) was found to inhibit the fumonisin-induced accumulation of free sphinganine by >90% but only partially reversed (50-60%) fumonisin's antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects. beta -Chloroalanine is not the ideal SPT inhibitor for this type of study because it also inhibits other pyridoxal 5 theta -phosphate-dependent enzymes. A potent and selective fungal SPT inhibitor (myriocin) was partially purified from liquid cultures of Isarian ( = Cordyceps) sinclairii by a combination of organic extraction and column chromatography. The various fractions were bioassayed for their ability to inhibit fumonisin-induced sphinganine accumulation in LLC-PK sub(1) cells. The activity in partially purified material was compared to the activity of highly purified myriocin and the results expressed as myriocin equivalents. The estimated IC sub(50) and IC sub(95) for inhibition of fumonisin-induced sphinganine accumulation were approximately 1.8 and 22 nM, respectively. The IC sub(95) concentration of the fungal SPT inhibitor reversed the antiproliferative effects and prevented fumonisin-induced apoptosis after 48 h exposure to 50 mu M fumonisin B sub(1). The SPT inhibitor was also effective at reducing free sphinganine in vivo. Free sphinganine concentration was reduced 60% in kidney of mice injected i.p. with SPT inhibitor plus fumonisin B sub(1) when compared to fumonisin B sub(1) alone. The ability of SPT inhibition to reduce fumonisin B sub(1)-induced sphinganine accumulation in vivo may be useful in the development of therapeutic agents for treatment of animals suspected to have been exposed to toxic levels of fumonisin in feeds. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, KA AU - Norred, W P AU - Bacon, C W AU - Meredith, F I AU - Sharma, R P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA, rriley@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 109 EP - 118 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - cell lines KW - ceramide synthase KW - mice KW - serine C-palmitoyltransferase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Kidney KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17271367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Serine+palmitoyltransferase+inhibition+reverses+anti-proliferative+effects+of+ceramide+synthase+inhibition+in+cultured+renal+cells+and+suppresses+free+sphingoid+base+accumulation+in+kidney+of+BALBc+mice&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BSharma%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Free-air CO sub(2) enrichment and soil nitrogen effects on energy balance and evapotranspiration of wheat AN - 17267089; 4570253 AB - In order to determine the likely effects of the increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration on future evapotranspiration, ET, plots of field-grown wheat were exposed to concentrations of 550 mu nol/mol CO sub(2) (or 200 mu mol/mol above current ambient levels of about 360 mu mol/mol) using a free-air CO sub(2) enrichment (FACE) facility. Data were collected for four growing seasons at ample water and fertilizer (high N) and for two seasons when soil nitrogen was limited (low N). Measurements were made of net radiation, R sub(n); soil heat flux; air and soil temperatures; canopy temperature, T sub(s); and wind speed. Sensible heat flux was calculated from the wind and temperature measurements. ET, that is, latent heat flux, was determined as a residual in the energy balance. The FACE treatment increased daytime T sub(s) about 0.6 degree and 1.1 degree C at high and low N, respectively. Daily total Rn was reduced by 1.3% at both levels of N. Daily ET was consistently lower in the FACE plots, by about 6.7% and 19.5% for high and low N, respectively. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Kimball, BA AU - LaMorte, R L AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Wall, G W AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Adamsen, F J AU - Leavitt, S W AU - Thompson, T L AU - Matthias, AD AU - Brooks, T J AD - US Water Conservation Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 1179 EP - 1190 PB - American Geophysical Union VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Energy KW - Temperature KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Wheat KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Atmosphere KW - Crops KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17267089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Free-air+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment+and+soil+nitrogen+effects+on+energy+balance+and+evapotranspiration+of+wheat&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BLaMorte%2C+R+L%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BWall%2C+G+W%3BHunsaker%2C+D+J%3BAdamsen%2C+F+J%3BLeavitt%2C+S+W%3BThompson%2C+T+L%3BMatthias%2C+AD%3BBrooks%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy; Temperature; Evapotranspiration; Carbon dioxide; Wheat; Atmosphere; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Sugar Beet Foliage by the Introduced Leafmining Fly Amauromyza flavifrons (Diptera: Agromyzidae) AN - 17263895; 4560540 AB - Laboratory and field experiments investigated the use of a nontraditional host, Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet), by the leafminer Amauromyza flavifrons Meigen. In laboratory trials using leafminers from the northeastern United States where sugar beets are not grown commercially, female flies readily oviposited on B. vulgaris even when a commonly used host, Saponaria officinalis L., was present. However, larval mortality was significantly higher on B. vulgaris than on S. officinalis and occurred at an earlier instar. Larval mortality on S. officinalis was significantly correlated with the number of miners in each leaf, suggesting an effect of larval competition, whereas on B. vulgaris, larval mortality was independent of the number of miners in a leaf. Results from an experimental garden array in the northeastern United States showed that wild, unconfined A. flavifrons females will oviposit on B. vulgaris and confirmed substantial early larval mortality on this plant. Implications of female oviposition and larval mortality on B. vulgaris are discussed in terms of the probable spread of this fly to western sugar beet growing regions. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Scheffer, S J AD - Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 046, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 347 EP - 350 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - USA, Northeast KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host preferences KW - Amauromyza flavifrons KW - Host plants KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17263895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Sugar+Beet+Foliage+by+the+Introduced+Leafmining+Fly+Amauromyza+flavifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Agromyzidae%29&rft.au=Scheffer%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Scheffer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amauromyza flavifrons; Host preferences; Host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aeolian dust in a saline playa environment, Nevada, U.S.A. AN - 17263833; 4553241 AB - Saline playas in north-western Nevada, U.S.A., remnants of pluvial periods of the Pleistocene, represent a tremendous source of unconsolidated sediments available for aeolian transport. This study investigated the transport of aqueous-soluble solutes in dust from July 1994 through June 1996 along a transect from a barren salt-encrusted playa surface (elevation=1224 m), to a former pluvial lake beach (elevation=1228 m), to a dune-mantled upland (elevation=1248 m). The content of aqueous-soluble solutes in aeolian dust showed a significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) interaction with dust trap location (playa, beach, dune) and time of collection. Dust collectors on the playa surface generally contained significantly more aqueous-soluble solutes and had greater total flux of solutes than either the beach or the dune locations. The solute content of aeolian dust was usually higher, in some cases several orders of magnitude, than that in the surface 5 cm of soil. Recent changes in playa hydrology may explain this result. Pulses of nitrate-rich dust, synchronous with spring emergence, and other nutrient additions via aeolian dust may have stimulated invasion of dune-mantled uplands by the weed Salsola paulsenii (barb-wire Russian thistle). JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Blank, R R AU - Young, JA AU - Allen, F L AD - Ecology of Temperate Desert Rangelands Unit, USDA/ARS, 920 Valley Road, Reno, 89512, Nevada, USA, blankcs.unr.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 365 EP - 381 PB - Academic Press VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - USA, Nevada KW - aeolian erosion KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Salinity KW - Hydrology KW - Playas KW - Sediments KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17263833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Aeolian+dust+in+a+saline+playa+environment%2C+Nevada%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Blank%2C+R+R%3BYoung%2C+JA%3BAllen%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Blank&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salinity; Playas; Hydrology; Sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a Transcriptional Activator Controlling Trichothecene Toxin Biosynthesis AN - 17245653; 4528216 AB - Trichothecene biosynthetic pathway genes are localized within a gene cluster in Fusarium sporotrichioides and require the zinc-finger containing protein, TRI6, for expression. We show here that TRI6 is able to bind within the promoter regions of nine different pathway genes and that TRI6 binding is involved in pathway gene activation. TRI6 binding occurs at three distinct sites in the TRI5 promoter, all of which contain the sequence TNAGGCCT. DNA fragments from the promoter regions of six other pathway genes containing this sequence are also substrates for TRI6 binding. Specific nucleotide changes in the TNAGGCCT sequence dramatically reduced TRI6 binding. Analysis of TRI6 binding within the TRI3 and TRI11 promoters and the TRI4-TRI6 intergenic region which do not contain the TNAGGCCT motif suggests that the minimum sequence required for TRI6 binding is YNAGGCC. Two potential TRI6 binding sites, T4A and T4B, were identified within the intergenic region for the divergently transcribed TRI4 and TRI6 genes. Alteration or deletion of the T4A site resulted in the loss of nearly all in vitro TRI6 binding and was correlated with the loss of promoter activity in vivo as measured by the expression of mutant TRI4 super(p)/GUS fusions. This establishes a physiological role for TRI6 binding and demonstrates that TRI6 is directly involved in the regulation of pathway gene expression. To determine if a predicted Cys sub(2)His sub(2) zinc-finger motif at the C-terminus of TRI6 is involved in DNA binding, a C187A mutant was constructed in TRI6 using site-directed mutagenesis. The C187A mutant did not bind promoter DNA fragments, supporting the role of C187 in DNA binding. In addition, a TRI6 homologue in the distantly related macrocyclic trichothecene pathway of Myrothecium roridum (MRTRI6) was also shown to bind to the same TRI5 and TRI4 promoter fragments bound by TRI6. Together, these data confirm our previous proposal that TRI6 is an activator of trichothecene pathway gene expression and that DNA binding employs the C-terminal region of TRI6 containing three predicted Cys sub(2)His sub(2) zinc fingers. JF - Fungal Genetics and Biology AU - Hohn, T M AU - Krishna, R AU - Proctor, R H AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Peoria, 61604, Illinois, tom.hohn@nabri.novartis.com Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 224 EP - 235 PB - Academic Press VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - TRI gene KW - TRI11 gene KW - TRI14 gene KW - TRI16 gene KW - TRI3 gene KW - TRI5 gene KW - TRI6 protein KW - trichothecene KW - trichothecenes KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - Toxins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Transcription factors KW - Gene regulation KW - Myrothecium roridum KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+Genetics+and+Biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+Transcriptional+Activator+Controlling+Trichothecene+Toxin+Biosynthesis&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BKrishna%2C+R%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+Genetics+and+Biology&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium sporotrichioides; Myrothecium roridum; Mycotoxins; Toxins; Gene regulation; Transcription factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Green Bean Extract-Induced Oviposition Site Preference in Laboratory Reared Western Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) AN - 17244650; 4524537 AB - Lygus hesperus Knight is a major pest of agricultural crops in the San Joaquin Valley of California. They have been the subject of many laboratory studies over the years and many protocols exist for their rearing. This article examines the feasibility of using an artificial egg oviposition packet instead of organic material or an artificial diet packet. When given the choice between diet packets and egg packets treated with an extract of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), females chose egg packets significantly more often than diet packets. When given the choice between packets treated with green bean seed or green bean pod shell extract, females chose packets treated with shell extract significantly more often than those treated with seed extract. Treating egg packets with green bean extract encourages female L. hesperus to oviposit on them and produces the greatest yield of offspring. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Whitbey, R M AD - USDA-ARS-PWA, 17053 N. Shafter Avenue, Shafter, CA 93263, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 201 EP - 204 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hemiptera KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Miridae KW - Host preferences KW - Eggs KW - Lygus hesperus KW - Oviposition KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Green+Bean+Extract-Induced+Oviposition+Site+Preference+in+Laboratory+Reared+Western+Tarnished+Plant+Bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29&rft.au=Whitbey%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Whitbey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lygus hesperus; Miridae; Host preferences; Eggs; Oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The helicase domain of the TMV replicase proteins induces the N-mediated defence response in tobacco AN - 17244625; 4516236 AB - Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) induces the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants containing the N gene. This defence response is characterized by cell death at the site of virus infection and inhibition of viral replication and movement. A previous study indicated that a portion of the TMV replicase containing a putative helicase domain is involved in HR induction. Here, this observation is confirmed and extended by showing that non-viral expression of a 50 kDa TMV helicase fragment (p50) is sufficient to induce the N-mediated HR in tobacco. Like the HR elicited by TMV infection, transgenic expression of p50 induces a temperature-sensitive defence response. We demonstrate that recombinant p50 protein has ATPase activity, as suggested by the presence of conserved sequence motifs found in ATPase/helicase enzymes. A point mutation that alters one of these motifs abolishes ATPase activity in vitro but does not affect HR induction. These results suggest that features of the TMV helicase domain, independent of its enzymatic activity, are recognized by N-containing tobacco to induce TMV resistance. JF - Plant Journal AU - Erickson, F L AU - Holzberg, S AU - Calderon-Urrea, A AU - Handley, V AU - Axtell, M AU - Corr, C AU - Baker, B AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, University of California, Berkeley and United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA, bbaker@socrates.berkeley.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - N gene KW - double prime N gene KW - helicase KW - p50 protein KW - replicase KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Temperature effects KW - Adenosinetriphosphatase KW - Disease resistance KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Tobacco mosaic virus KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Cell death KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - N 14740:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=The+helicase+domain+of+the+TMV+replicase+proteins+induces+the+N-mediated+defence+response+in+tobacco&rft.au=Erickson%2C+F+L%3BHolzberg%2C+S%3BCalderon-Urrea%2C+A%3BHandley%2C+V%3BAxtell%2C+M%3BCorr%2C+C%3BBaker%2C+B&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana tabacum; Tobacco mosaic virus; Cell death; Hypersensitivity; Disease resistance; Temperature effects; Adenosinetriphosphatase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nymphal Survival and Movement of Crawlers of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Leaf Surfaces of Selected Vegetables AN - 17238972; 4524539 AB - Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring generally feeds and develops on the under leaf surface of most host plants, but in excess of 50% of the immature population may be found on the upper surface of some host species. This study determined the influence of leaf surface on survival of immature B. argentifolii and the likelihood of movement by the crawler (1st instar) from the upper (adaxial) leaf surface on selected vegetable hosts. Laboratory tests were conducted on 5 vegetables: cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L.; collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle; cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers ssp. unguiculata; pepper, Capsicum annuum L. ssp. annuum; and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller. Survival to the 1st instar was high (85-95%) on the upper leaf surface on all hosts. Survival to the adult stage was similar between whitefly nymphs on the upper and lower leaf surfaces within each host crop, except more survived on the lower surface of cowpea compared with the upper surface. Movement of the crawlers from the upper to the lower surface was high on pepper ( approximately 80%), cantaloupe ( approximately 55%), and cowpea ( approximately 55%). Conversely, less movement to the lower surface was observed on collard ( approximately 18%) and tomato ( approximately 30%). The impetus to move from the upper surface appears primarily a response to feeding and tactile cues instead of responses to geotropic or phototropic stimuli. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AD - U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 212 EP - 216 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Leaves KW - Survival KW - Host plants KW - Movements KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Nymphal+Survival+and+Movement+of+Crawlers+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+on+Leaf+Surfaces+of+Selected+Vegetables&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Leaves; Survival; Movements; Host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional differences in production of aflatoxin B sub(1) and cyclopiazonic acid by soil isolates of Aspergillus flavus along a transect within the United States AN - 17231223; 4512075 AB - Soil isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a transect extending from eastern New Mexico through Georgia to eastern Virginia were examined for production of aflatoxin B sub(1) and cyclopiazonic acid in a liquid medium. Peanut fields from major peanut-growing regions (western Texas; central Texas; Georgia and Alabama; and Virginia and North Carolina) were sampled, and fields with other crops were sampled in regions where peanuts are not commonly grown. The A. flavus isolates were identified as members of either the L strain (n = 774), which produces sclerotia that are >400 mu m in diameter, or the S strain (n = 309), which produces numerous small sclerotia that are 10 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per ml. The percentages of isolates producing >10 mu g of aflatoxin B, per ml ranged from 0 to 52% in the remaining regions of the transect; other isolates were often nonaflatoxigenic. A total of 53 of the 126 L-strain isolates that did not produce aflatoxin B sub(1) or cyclopiazonic acid were placed in 17 vegetative compatibility groups. Several of these groups contained isolates from widely separated regions of the transect. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Horn, B W AU - Dorner, J W AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA 31742, USA, bhorn@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 1444 EP - 1449 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cyclopiazonic acid KW - USA, Southern KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Geographical distribution KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Crop fields KW - Aflatoxins KW - Soil KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sclerotia KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17231223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regional+differences+in+production+of+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29+and+cyclopiazonic+acid+by+soil+isolates+of+Aspergillus+flavus+along+a+transect+within+the+United+States&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BDorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Soil; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins; Crop fields; Geographical distribution; Sclerotia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of an antibiotic resistance gene cluster of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 AN - 17230749; 4512123 AB - Salmonella typhimurium phage type DT104 has become an important emerging pathogen. Isolates of this phage type often possess resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ACSSuT resistance). The mechanism by which DT104 has accumulated resistance genes is of interest, since these genes interfere with treatment of DT104 infections and might be horizontally transferred to other bacteria, even to unrelated organisms. Previously, several laboratories have shown that the antibiotic resistance genes of DT104 are chromosomally encoded and involve integrons. The antibiotic resistance genes conferring the ACSSuT-resistant phenotype have been cloned and sequenced. These genes are grouped within two district integrons and intervening plasmid-derived sequences. This sequence is potentially useful for detection of multiresistant DT104. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Briggs, C AU - Fratamico, P M AD - Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, cbriggs@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 846 EP - 849 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - aadA2 gene KW - ampicillin KW - bla sub(CARB-2) gene KW - chloramphenicol KW - cmlA gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - streptomycin KW - sul1 gene KW - sulfonamides KW - tetA gene KW - tetracyclines KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Drug resistance KW - Streptomycin KW - Tetracyclines KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Ampicillin KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Gene clusters KW - Sulfonamides KW - Gene mapping KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17230749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+an+antibiotic+resistance+gene+cluster+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+DT104&rft.au=Briggs%2C+C%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=846&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Chloramphenicol; Tetracyclines; Antibiotic resistance; Gene clusters; Antibacterial agents; Sulfonamides; Ampicillin; Drug resistance; Streptomycin; Gene mapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase in cross-linked phyllosilicates: conditions and characterizations AN - 17225098; 4510422 AB - An innovative immobilization procedure was developed for intercalation of enzymes into dispersed phyllosilicates which were cross-linked with silicates resulting from the hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicate. Donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase intercalative immobilized in the cross-linked phyllosilicate exhibited a similar or higher activity than the free enzyme. The kinetic properties of peroxidase were unaffected by intercalative immobilization. Different factors, including drying methods, particle size, surface cations of the phyllosilicate and ratio of phyllosilicate to tetramethyl orthosilicate, were investigated to optimize immobilization conditions. The immobilized peroxidase exhibited similar kinetic properties to the free enzyme and good storage stability. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Shen, Siyuan AU - Tu, Shu-I AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 185 EP - 189 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - horseradish peroxidase KW - phyllosilicates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - Immobilization KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Immobilization+of+horseradish+peroxidase+in+cross-linked+phyllosilicates%3A+conditions+and+characterizations&rft.au=Shen%2C+Siyuan%3BTu%2C+Shu-I&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Siyuan&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immobilized enzymes; Immobilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of contaminant transport in a layered fractured aquifer AN - 17223254; 4503530 AB - We investigated patterns of contaminant transport within the layered and fractured aquifer of a 7.3-km super(2) upland agricultural watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA. Geometry and hydraulic properties of the aquifer had been characterized by field testing and model calibration. These results were extended to simulate flow pathways and patterns of contaminant transport in both areal and cross-section formats within the watershed. The analyses indicated that the ground water flow system at the larger watershed scale is comprised of smaller units of subsurface flow which are self-contained at the scale of first- or second-order streams. For this scale subwatershed or larger, contaminant inputs to ground water from the mix of land use within the subwatershed should translate directly to the quality of nonstorm streamflow. For illustration, recharge water quality from typical land-use distributions were combined with a simple model of contaminant transport to simulate nitrate concentration patterns in ground water in a cross-section format. Land use in the vicinity of the drainage divides between streams was found to control ground water quality within the deeper layers of the aquifer, while land use over the remainder of the watershed area affected water quality only within the shallower layers of the aquifer. Streamflow nitrate data collected during a base flow survey on the watershed were examined in context of these simulations and found to support the conclusions. Results of the study demonstrate the potential for localized contamination of ground water and nonstorm streamflow by agricultural land use, as well as the potential for managing stream quality and minimizing contamination within targeted zones of the ground water by controlling land use position. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Gburek, W J AU - Folmar, G J AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Pasture Lab Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA, wjg1su.edu Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 87 EP - 109 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - USA, Pennsylvania, east-central KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Agriculture KW - Hydraulics KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Contamination KW - Groundwater movement KW - Hydraulic models KW - Agricultural watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Path of pollutants KW - Nitrates KW - Simulation KW - Water quality management KW - Land use KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Model studies KW - Geologic fractures KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17223254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+contaminant+transport+in+a+layered+fractured+aquifer&rft.au=Gburek%2C+W+J%3BFolmar%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pollution monitoring; Hydraulics; Nitrates; Hydraulic models; Simulation; Groundwater pollution; Watersheds; Streams; Agricultural runoff; Land use; Freshwater pollution; Aquifers; Contamination; Path of pollutants; Groundwater movement; Agricultural watersheds; Water quality management; Model studies; Geologic fractures; USA, Pennsylvania; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modes of action of nitrification inhibitors AN - 17307306; 4580584 AB - In recent years, substantial progress has been made towards understanding the modes of action for the specific inhibition of autotrophic NH sub(3) oxidation. This has included demonstrating that NH sub(3) monooxygenase (AMO) has a broad substrate range for catalytic oxidation, and the inhibitory effects of many compounds are due to competition for the active site. Other compounds, such as acetylenes, are oxidized by the normal catalytic cycle of AMO to highly reactive products which covalently bind the enzyme causing irreversible inhibition. Substantial evidence has shown the important role of Cu in the activity of AMO, and indicated that a large class of compounds containing thiono-S inhibit AMO activity by binding with Cu within the active site. Heterocyclic N compounds form another important class of nitrification inhibitors with little known about their mode of action, although evidence suggests that their inhibitory influence is closely related to the presence of ring N. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - McCarty, G W AD - USDA, Building 007, Room 223, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gmccarty@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999/03/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 30 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - ammonium monooxygenase KW - inhibitors KW - nitrification KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Reviews KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17307306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Modes+of+action+of+nitrification+inhibitors&rft.au=McCarty%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=McCarty&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-03-30&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs003740050518 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050518 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of alkalinity as a conservative tracer in a study of near-surface hydrologic change in tropical karst AN - 17571571; 4478053 AB - Water shortages commonly increase in frequency following forest clearance on lands overlying karst in the tropics. The mechanism underlying this hydrologic change is likely to depend on the land use which follows forest cover. To determine the flow paths which prevail for a progression of land uses common to the uplands of Leyte, Philippines, samples of interflow were collected during the rainy season and titrated to determine their alkalinities. The ratio of the measured alkalinity to the value predicted by equilibrium calculations for each sample was used as an indication of the contact time of the water with the limestone. The responses of the alkalinity saturation ratio and the runoff depth to increasing rainfall depth were used to substantiate the hypothesis that epikarst infilling and changing soil structure create throttles to percolation and infiltration. The forest site was found to generate interflow primarily as pipe flow, with the infiltration and percolation throttles rarely exceeded. Similarly, infiltration was not limiting for the slash/mulch site: however, the level of soil disturbance was adequate to initiate a throttle at the epikarst which increased the volume of interflow generated. The total percolation was similar for the plowed and slash/mulch sites; however, the interflow was decreased at the plowed site by reduced infiltration at the soil surface. The throttles to surface infiltration and epikarst percolation were even greater at the pasture sites, resulting in high runoff generation. However, comparatively greater infiltration was observed in the pasture having contour-hedgerows. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Chandler, D G AU - Bisogni, JJ Jr AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, 213, Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, dgcl@wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/03/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 22 SP - 172 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 216 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Philippines KW - karst KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Soil Structure KW - Karst KW - Land use KW - Tracers KW - Percolation KW - Alkalinity KW - Soils KW - Infiltration KW - Ground water KW - Hydrology KW - Groundwater KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=The+use+of+alkalinity+as+a+conservative+tracer+in+a+study+of+near-surface+hydrologic+change+in+tropical+karst&rft.au=Chandler%2C+D+G%3BBisogni%2C+JJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-22&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2899%2900006-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tracers; Percolation; Alkalinity; Soils; Ground water; Hydrology; Land use; Land Use; Soil Structure; Infiltration; Karst; Groundwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00006-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mulch, irrigation, and soil type on water use and yield of maize AN - 17402931; 4618382 AB - Tillage practices that maintain crop residues on the soil surface help reduce evaporation of soil water, which can benefit high water use crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). Management practices, climatic conditions, and soil type may affect how well a crop responds to surface residue. We conducted experiments with short season maize in 1994 and 1995 in Bushland, TX, USA, utilizing a rain shelter facility that has lysimeters containing monolithic cores of the Pullman (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls), the Ulysses (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aridic Haplustolls), and the Amarillo (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustalfs) soil series. In 1994, the treatments were a flat wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw and coconut (Cocus nucifera L.) fiber mulch of 4 Mg ha super(-1) with infrequent irrigations totaling 25% and 75% of long-term average rainfall for the growing season (200 mm). The 1995 treatments were similar, but used a heavier mulch of 6.7 Mg ha super(-1) and more frequent irrigations totaling 60% and 100% of long-term average rainfall. The mulch was applied at the 3-leaf growth stage. Mean potential grass reference evapotranspiration for the vegetative and reproductive growth stages in 1994 was 6.6 and 6.3 mm day super(-1), respectively, and in 1995 it was 6.8 and 7 mm day super(-1), respectively. The mulched and bare soil surface treatments used similar amounts of water in each year. In 1994, mulch did not affect yield, yield components, or leaf area index (LAI). No significant differences occurred in plant available water (PAW) between mulched and bare soil treatments from emergence through harvest. In 1995, mulch increased grain yield by 17%, aboveground biomass by 19%, and grain water use efficiency (WUE) by 14% compared with bare soil treatments. Mulched treatments also maintained significantly greater PAW compared with bare soil treatments until near anthesis and, after anthesis, LAI was significantly greater in the mulched treatments compared with the bare soil treatments. In 1995, mulch significantly increased grain yield and grain WUE of the maize crop in the Pullman soil, grain yield and biomass WUE of the crop in the Amarillo soil, and had no significant effect on the crop in the Ulysses soil compared with the bare soil treatments. The significant increase in water use efficiency in 1995 was the result of soil water being used for crop growth and yield rather than in evaporation of soil water. The more favorable soil water regime in 1995 compared with 1994 between the mulched and bare soil treatments was possibly due to the higher evaporative demand environment, the increase in mulch mass, and the increased irrigation frequency. This was especially important in soils where textural characteristics affected both rooting and soil water extraction by maize which limited its ability to tolerate water stress. JF - Soil and Tillage Research AU - Tolk, JA AU - Howell, T A AU - Evett AD - Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2300 Experiment Station Road, Bushland, TX 79012, USA Y1 - 1999/03/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 22 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 50 IS - 2 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mulching KW - Tillage KW - Irrigation KW - Corn KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Soil Types KW - Crop Yield KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mulch%2C+irrigation%2C+and+soil+type+on+water+use+and+yield+of+maize&rft.au=Tolk%2C+JA%3BHowell%2C+T+A%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Tolk&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-03-22&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Corn; Soil Types; Irrigation; Mulching; Crop Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the promoter for the gene encoding the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway regulatory protein AFLR. AN - 69658580; 10095064 AB - Most genes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus parasiticus are regulated by the binuclear zinc cluster DNA-binding protein AFLR. The aflR promoter was analyzed in beta-glucuronidase reporter assays to elucidate some of the elements involved in the gene's transcription control. Truncation at 118 bp upstream of the translational start site increased promoter activity 5-fold, while truncation at -100 reduced activity about 20-fold. These findings indicate the presence of an important positive regulatory element between -100 and -118 and a negative regulatory region further upstream. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays on nuclear extracts from A. parasiticus induced for aflatoxin expression suggest that AFLR and another, possibly more abundant, protein bind to the -100/-118 region. Another protein binds to a sequence at position -159 to -164 that matches the consensus binding site for the transcription factor involved in pH-dependent gene regulation, PACC. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Cary, J W AU - Montalbano, B G AD - Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, PO box 19687, 1100 R.E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. ehrlich@nola.src.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 19 SP - 412 EP - 417 VL - 1444 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69658580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+promoter+for+the+gene+encoding+the+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway+regulatory+protein+AFLR.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+K+C%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BMontalbano%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-03-19&rft.volume=1444&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradative mechanism of the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum: evidence for an extracellular hydroquinone-driven fenton reaction. AN - 69654813; 10100613 AB - We have identified key components of the extracellular oxidative system that the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum uses to degrade a recalcitrant polymer, polyethylene glycol, via hydrogen abstraction reactions. G. trabeum produced an extracellular metabolite, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and reduced it to 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone. In the presence of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, the fungus also reduced extracellular Fe3+ to Fe2+ and produced extracellular H2O2. Fe3+ reduction and H2O2 formation both resulted from a direct, non-enzymatic reaction between 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and Fe3+. Polyethylene glycol depolymerization by G. trabeum required both 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and Fe3+ and was completely inhibited by catalase. These results provide evidence that G. trabeum uses a hydroquinone-driven Fenton reaction to cleave polyethylene glycol. We propose that similar reactions account for the ability of G. trabeum to attack lignocellulose. JF - FEBS letters AU - Kerem, Z AU - hammel AU - Hammel, K E AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 05 SP - 49 EP - 54 VL - 446 IS - 1 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Hydroquinones KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - hydroquinone KW - XV74C1N1AE KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Extracellular Space -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Hydroquinones -- metabolism KW - Polyethylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Basidiomycota -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69654813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Biodegradative+mechanism+of+the+brown+rot+basidiomycete+Gloeophyllum+trabeum%3A+evidence+for+an+extracellular+hydroquinone-driven+fenton+reaction.&rft.au=Kerem%2C+Z%3Bhammel%3BHammel%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Kerem&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1999-03-05&rft.volume=446&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feedstocks. New supplies and processing AN - 954579585; 13857520 JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Jeffries, Thomas W AU - Lee, Y Y AD - USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 3 EP - 4 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 77 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954579585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Feedstocks.+New+supplies+and+processing&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Thomas+W%3BLee%2C+Y+Y&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A77%3A1-3%3A3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioconversion of secondary fiber fines to ethanol using counter-current enzymatic saccharification and Co-fermentation AN - 860388873; 13857540 AB - This research examined several enzymatic and microbial process for the conversion of waste cellulosic fibers into ethanol. The first was a one-stage process in which pulp fines were contacted with commercial enzyme solutions. The second process used sequential, multistage saccharification. The third used sequential enzyme addition in a countercurrent mode. Experiments compared the results with various feed stocks, different commercial enzymes, supplementation with b-glucosidase, and saccharification combined with fermentation. The highest saccharification (65%) from a 4% consistency pulp and the highest sugar concentration (5.4%) from an 8% consistency pulp were attained when 5 FPU/g plus 10 IU/g of b-glucosidase were used. Sequential addition of enzyme to the pulp in small aliquots produced a higher overall sugar yield/U enzyme than the addition of the same total amount of enzyme in a singledose. In the saccharification and fermentation experiments, we produced 2.12% ethanol from a 5.4% sugar solution. This represents 78% of the theoretical maximum. This yield could probably be increased through optimization of the fermentation step. Even when little saccharification occurred, the enzyme facilitated separation of water, fiber, and ash, so cellulase treatment could be an effective means for dewatering pulp sludges. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Jeffries, Thomas W AU - Schartman, Richard AD - Forest Products Laboratory, USDA, Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 53705, Madison, WI, twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 435 EP - 444 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 78 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Sludges KW - Fermentation KW - Wastes KW - Dewatering KW - Pulp KW - Enzymes KW - Supplementation KW - Cellulase KW - Fibers KW - b-Glucosidase KW - bioconversion KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860388873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Bioconversion+of+secondary+fiber+fines+to+ethanol+using+counter-current+enzymatic+saccharification+and+Co-fermentation&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Thomas+W%3BSchartman%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A78%3A1-3%3A435 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fermentation; Sludges; Dewatering; Wastes; Enzymes; Pulp; Cellulase; Supplementation; Fibers; b-Glucosidase; bioconversion; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:78:1-3:435 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alfalfa fiber as a feedstock for ethanol and organic acids AN - 856760737; 13857501 AB - Valuable co-products derived from fractionation of alfalfa herbage give the resulting fibrous fraction an economic advantage as a feed stock for ethanol or other organic products. Alfalfa fiber was saccharified and fermented with or without a liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment. The LHW pretreatment hydrolyzed approximately 60% of the original fiber, yielding a high cellulose residue and aliquid extract. These yielded predominantly hexoses and pentoses, respectively, after enzymatic saccharification. Yields of ethanol and lactic acid resulting from fermentations are given. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Koegel, Richard G AU - Sreenath, Hassan K AU - Straub, Richard J AD - Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1925 Linden Drive West, 53706, Madison, WI, rgkoegel@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 105 EP - 115 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 77 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - organic acids KW - Hexose KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Economics KW - Lactic acid KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856760737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Alfalfa+fiber+as+a+feedstock+for+ethanol+and+organic+acids&rft.au=Koegel%2C+Richard+G%3BSreenath%2C+Hassan+K%3BStraub%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Koegel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A77%3A1-3%3A105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; organic acids; Hexose; Fermentation; Economics; Cellulose; Lactic acid; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:105 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural systems as models for the design of sustainable systems of land use AN - 759313534; 13662599 AB - Natural ecosystems, whose components are the results of natural selection, are sustainable; most are productive, responsive to pests, and retentive of nutrients. Thus, they are appropriate models on which to base the design of new systems of land use. Abiotic and biotic stressors are related non-linearly; the nadir of total stress being mid-way along a gradient of environmental harshness. Superimposing the stress functions on Holdridge's life zone chart yields four broad categories of environments for agriculture: climates where annual rainfall is similar to potential evapotranspiration, plus three other categories that are either too cold, too arid, or too wet. Extremely cold lands have no potential for agriculture. Lands that are arid or infertile can be used successfully, although the cost of compensating for environmental limitations increases exponentially with increasing abiotic stress. Grazing animals (which act as trophic buffers between people and environment) have proven successful in dry and infertile environments. The humid tropical lowlands epitomise environments of low abiotic stress but overwhelming biotic intricacy. Here it pays to imitate natural systems rather than struggle to impose simplicity on ecosystems that are inherently complex. The keys to success are to (i) channel productivity into outputs of nutritional and economic importance, (ii) maintain adequate diversity to compensate for losses in a system simple enough to be horticulturally manageable, (iii) manage plants and herbivores to facilitate associational resistance and not associational susceptibility, and (iv) use perennial plants to maintain soil fertility, guard against erosion, and make full use of resources. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Ewel, J J AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Australia, jackewel@gte.net Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 45 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Erosion KW - Ecosystems KW - agriculture KW - Stress KW - Sustainable development KW - Nutrition KW - Land use KW - agroforestry KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759313534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Natural+systems+as+models+for+the+design+of+sustainable+systems+of+land+use&rft.au=Ewel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Ewel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006219721151 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Ecosystems; agriculture; Sustainable development; Stress; Nutrition; Land use; agroforestry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006219721151 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pH and acid resistance on the radiation resistance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. AN - 69639460; 10090239 AB - The effects of pH and the induction of pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance on the radiation resistance of Escherichia coli were determined for seven enterohemorrhagic strains and one nonenterohemorrhagic strain. The isolates were grown in acidogenic or nonacidogenic media to pH levels of approximately 4.7 and 7.2, respectively. The cells were then transferred to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 (with HCl) that was preequilibrated to 2 degrees C, and cultures were then irradiated using a 137Cs source. Surviving cells and the extent of injury were determined by plating on BHI and MacConkey agars both immediately after irradiation and after subsequent storage at 2 degrees C for 7 days. Decreasing the pH of the BHI in which E. coli was irradiated had relatively little effect on the microorganism's radiation resistance. Substantial differences in radiation resistance were noted among strains, and induction of acid resistance consistently increased radiation resistance. Comparison of E. coli levels immediately after irradiation and after 7 days of refrigerated storage suggested that irradiation enhanced pH-mediated inactivation of the pathogen. These results demonstrate that prior growth under conditions that induce a pH-dependent stationary phase cross-protects E. coli against radiation inactivation and must be taken into account when determining the microorganism's irradiation D value. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AU - Boyd, G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 219 EP - 228 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Acids, Acyclic KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Acids, Acyclic -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- radiation effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69639460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pH+and+acid+resistance+on+the+radiation+resistance+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance response of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the presence of various acidulants. AN - 69639209; 10090238 AB - The effect of acidulant identity on the pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance response of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli was studied. Nine strains of E. coli (seven O157:H7, one O111:H-, and one biotype 1 reference strain) were cultured individually for 18 h at 37 degrees C in tryptic soy broth (TSB) plus 1% dextrose and in TSB without dextrose to yield acid resistance induced and noninduced stationary-phase cells, respectively. These cultures were then inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) supplemented with 0.5% citric, malic, lactic, or acetic acid and adjusted to pH 3.0 with HCl. The BHI tubes were incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 7 h and samples were removed after 0, 2, 5, and 7 h and plated for counting CFU on BHI agar and MacConkey agar (MA). The results were compared to data previously obtained with HCl only. Acid resistance varied substantially among the isolates, being dependent on the strain, the acidulant, and the induction of pH-dependent acid resistance. Hydrochloric acid was consistently the least damaging to cells; lactic acid was the most detrimental. The relative activity of the other acids was strain dependent. Inducing pH-dependent acid resistance increased the already substantial acid tolerance of stationary-phase E. coli. The extent of injury also varied with acid and strain, with as much as a 5-log-cycle differential between BHI agar and MA CFU counts. The accurate determination of the survival of enterohemorrhagic E. coli in acidic foods must take into account the biological variability of the microorganism with respect to its acid resistance and its ability to enhance survival through the induction of physiological stress responses. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 211 EP - 218 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Acids, Acyclic KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Acids, Acyclic -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69639209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=pH-dependent+stationary-phase+acid+resistance+response+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+in+the+presence+of+various+acidulants.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of aflatoxin B(1) biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus by anthocyanidins and related flavonoids. AN - 69274472; 10552442 AB - Anthocyanidins and precursors or related flavonoids were tested at concentrations from 0.3 to 9.7 mM ( approximately 0.1-3.0 mg/mL) for activity against growth and aflatoxin B(1) biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. NRRL 3357. Aflatoxin B(1) production was inhibited by all anthocyanidins tested, and 3-hydroxy compounds were more active than 3-deoxy forms. Monoglycosides of cyanidin were 40% less inhibitory than the aglycon, whereas a monoglucoside and a diglucoside of pelargonidin were 80 and 5%, respectively, as active as the aglycon. Of eight flavonoids tested, only kaempferol was moderately active, whereas luteolin and catechin were weakly inhibitory. Binary combinations of delphinidin and three other aflatoxin inhibitors acted independently of each other. Results with an aflatoxin pathway mutant indicated that anthocyanidin inhibition occurred before norsolorinic acid synthesis. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Norton, R A AD - Bioactive Agents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. nortonra@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 1230 EP - 1235 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthocyanins KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Anthocyanins -- pharmacology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69274472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+aflatoxin+B%281%29+biosynthesis+in+Aspergillus+flavus+by+anthocyanidins+and+related+flavonoids.&rft.au=Norton%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Movement of accent and pursuit herbicides through glacial till soils of central Iowa; the leaching of nicosulfuron and imazethapyr to groundwater AN - 52288121; 2001-002106 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Scoggin, K D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 217 IS - Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - soils KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - clastic sediments KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - till KW - Iowa KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - agrochemicals KW - central Iowa KW - sediments KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52288121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Movement+of+accent+and+pursuit+herbicides+through+glacial+till+soils+of+central+Iowa%3B+the+leaching+of+nicosulfuron+and+imazethapyr+to+groundwater&rft.au=Steinheimer%2C+T+R%3BScoggin%2C+K+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Steinheimer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=Part+1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0841236720&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Chemical Society 217th national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; central Iowa; clastic sediments; environmental analysis; ground water; herbicides; Iowa; leaching; pesticides; pollution; sediments; soils; till; United States; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depression of pour points of vegetable oils by blending with diluents used for biodegradable lubricants AN - 21320690; 12034110 AB - Low-temperature properties need improvement before vegetable oils can receive wider recognition as biodegradable lubricants. Effects of dilution with major biodegradable fluids, namely poly alpha olefin (PAO 2), diisodecyl adipate (DIDA), and oleates, as well as impact of pour point depressant (PPD), were investigated. Since solidification of mixed unsaturated triacylglycerols is a complex thermodynamic process, the study was limited to pour point determinations. Vegetable oils demonstrated higher pour points with increased saturation and molecular weight. Cis unsaturation and hydroxy groups favored lower pour points. Dilution with oleates appeared less effective than dilution with PAO 2 and DIDA. Addition of 1% PPD (w/w) depressed pour points down to -33°C for canola and -24°C for high-oleic sunflower oils. However, neither higher amounts of PPD nor incorporation of diluent produced further depression. Depression of pour points was not proportional to the amount of diluent and ceased with further dilution. Low-temperature performance of vegetable oils limits their prospect as biodegradable lubricants, but well-balanced usage of PPD and diluents can deliver some improvements. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Asadauskas, Svajus AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, erhansz@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 313 EP - 316 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Vegetables KW - Depression KW - Thermodynamics KW - Lubricants KW - Molecular weight KW - Triglycerides KW - Oils KW - Diluents KW - Helianthus KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21320690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Depression+of+pour+points+of+vegetable+oils+by+blending+with+diluents+used+for+biodegradable+lubricants&rft.au=Asadauskas%2C+Svajus%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z&rft.aulast=Asadauskas&rft.aufirst=Svajus&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-999-0237-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetables; Depression; Thermodynamics; Triglycerides; Molecular weight; Lubricants; Oils; Diluents; Helianthus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0237-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the Benefits of Reducing Fire Risk in the Wildland-Urban Interface: A Contingent Valuation Approach AN - 18334781; 4759440 AB - Wildland-urban interface (WUI) residents in Michigan were interviewed using a contingent valuation protocol to assess their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for incremental reductions in the risk of losing their homes to wildfire. WTP was elicited using a probability model which segments the risk of structure loss into "public" and "private" components. Most respondents expressed positive WTP for publicly funded risk reduction activities. These respondents were characterized by tolerance for property taxes, perception of significant risk, high ranking of fire risk relative to other hazards, and high objective estimates of existing risk, and their WTP amounts were positively correlated with income and property value. Given that 97% of the respondents were insured against property loss, the large number of positive WTP responses suggests that substantial non-market and unreimbursed losses are experienced when structures are destroyed by wildfires. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Fried, J S AU - Winter, G J AU - Gilless, J K AD - USDA Forest Service, Portland Forestry Sciences Laboratory P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA, Jeremy_Fried@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 9 EP - 20 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - contingent valuation KW - risk reduction KW - wildfire KW - Risk Abstracts KW - USA, Michigan KW - Economics KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18334781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Benefits+of+Reducing+Fire+Risk+in+the+Wildland-Urban+Interface%3A+A+Contingent+Valuation+Approach&rft.au=Fried%2C+J+S%3BWinter%2C+G+J%3BGilless%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Michigan; Urban areas; Economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal differences in point counts of bottomland forest landbirds AN - 17487457; 4682161 AB - We compared number of avian species and individuals in morning and evening point counts during the breeding season and during winter in a bottomland hardwood forest in west-central Mississippi, USA. In both seasons, more species and individuals were recorded during morning counts than during evening counts. We also compared morning and evening detections for 18 species during the breeding season and 9 species during winter. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), and Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) were detected significantly more often in morning counts than in evening counts during the breeding season. Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) was recorded more often in morning counts than evening counts during the breeding season and during winter. No species was detected more often in evening counts. Thus, evening point counts of birds during either the breeding season or winter will likely underestimate species richness, overall avian abundance, and the abundance of some individual species in bottomland hardwood forests. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Smith, W P AU - Twedt, D J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane--Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA, wpaulsmith@aol.com Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 139 EP - 143 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Blue jay KW - Mourning dove KW - Red-bellied woodpecker KW - Tufted Titmouse KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temporal variations KW - Abundance KW - Surveys KW - Zenaida macroura KW - Species richness KW - Baeolophus bicolor KW - Cyanocitta cristata KW - Winter KW - Melanerpes carolinus KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17487457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Temporal+differences+in+point+counts+of+bottomland+forest+landbirds&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BTwedt%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyanocitta cristata; Zenaida macroura; Melanerpes carolinus; Baeolophus bicolor; Temporal variations; Surveys; Winter; Species richness; Abundance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors that influence translocation success in the Red-cockaded Woodpecker AN - 17485477; 4682141 AB - To restore a population that had declined to 4 individuals by late 1985, 54 Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) were translocated at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina between 1986 and 1995. Translocation success was evaluated by sex, age, and distance between the capture and release site. For moves involving females, the presence of a resident male and the status of the male (breeder, inexperienced, or helper) also was assessed. Of the factors I evaluated, only the distance of the move was statistically significant with increasing success associated with increasing distance. The presence of a resident male at the female's release site led to no more success than releasing the female concurrently with a male; nor did the male's status appear to play a significant role in female translocation success. Overall, 31 of 49 (excluding nestlings) translocated birds remained at or near the release site for at least 30 days, resulting in a success rate of 63.2%. Of the birds that were successfully translocated, 51.0% had reproduced by July 1996. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Franzreb, KE AD - Southern Research Station-USDA Forest Service, Dept. of Forest Resources, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-1003, USA, KFRANZR@clemson.edu Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 38 EP - 45 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Picoides borealis KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Repopulation KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17485477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Factors+that+influence+translocation+success+in+the+Red-cockaded+Woodpecker&rft.au=Franzreb%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Franzreb&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Endangered species; Repopulation; Wildlife conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed and Seedling Ecology of Pinon and Juniper Species in the Pygmy Woodlands of Western North America AN - 17441900; 4658525 AB - Knowledge of the seed and seedling ecology of the pinon and juniper woodlands of western North America is essential for understanding both the northward migration and expansion of the woodlands during the Holocene (<11,500 B.P.), and the accelerated expansion of the woodlands since settlement of the West by Anglo-Americans around 200 years ago. We follow the fates of seeds and seedlings of the different pinon and juniper species within the woodlands from seed development to seedling establishment, and discuss the implications of this information for the past and present expansion of the woodlands. While seed development requires about two and one-half years in pinons, it is species-dependent in junipers and can take one, two, or even three years. Substantial seed losses can occur during seed development due to developmental constraints, and before or after seed maturation as a result of insects, pathogens, or predatory animals. In pinon pines, the primary seed dispersers are scatterhoarding birds (corvids) and rodents that harvest seeds from the trees or after seed fall and cache them in the soil. In contrast, most junipers appear to be dispersed primarily by frugivorous birds and mammals that ingest the seeds and defecate them onto the soil surface. We have recently documented that scatter-hoarding rodents also disperse juniper seeds. Disperser effectiveness, or the contribution a disperser makes to the future reproduction of a plant population, may vary among species of pinons and especially junipers. Pinon seeds are short-lived and exhibit little dormancy, and they probably only germinate the spring following dispersal. Juniper seeds are long-lived and seed dispersal can occur over one or more years. Seed germination can be delayed for several years due to impermeable seed coats, embryo dormancy, or the presence of inhibitors. Seedling establishment of pinon pines is facilitated by nurse plants but, while junipers often establish beneath nurse plants, they are capable of establishing in open environments. In the southwestern United States, higher establishment of juniper occurs in open environments due to more favorable precipitation, and competition may be more important than facilitation in determining establishment. JF - Botanical Review AU - Chambers, J C AU - Wall, SBV AU - Schupp, E W AD - USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station 920 Valley Road Reno, Nevada 89512, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1 EP - 38 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 1006-8101, 1006-8101 KW - Pine KW - Juniper KW - North America KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Seed dispersal KW - Seeds KW - Juniperus KW - Forests KW - Seedlings KW - Pinus KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17441900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Review&rft.atitle=Seed+and+Seedling+Ecology+of+Pinon+and+Juniper+Species+in+the+Pygmy+Woodlands+of+Western+North+America&rft.au=Chambers%2C+J+C%3BWall%2C+SBV%3BSchupp%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Botanical+Review&rft.issn=10068101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus; Juniperus; Seeds; Seedlings; Forests; Seed dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine sediment and macroinvertebrate assemblages in Appalachian streams: A field experiment with biomonitoring applications AN - 17374810; 4597431 AB - Forest management operations may result in above-ambient inputs of fine sediments to streams with consequences for stream biota. A field experiment was conducted at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia to examine the effects of fine sediment on macroinvertebrate assemblages. Fine sediment (<2 mm) was varied between 0 and 30% in 5% increments in otherwise natural substratum mixtures in 0.03-m super(2) trays deployed at each of 3 sites along Elklick Run, a 4th-order stream, and allowed to colonize for 5 wk. Macroinvertebrate density (-, sign indicates response to fine sediment), biomass (-), EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) taxa richness (-), the proportion of Ephemeroptera composed of Baetidae (+), and the proportion of chironomids composed of Chironominae (-) and of Orthocladiinae (+) were the most sensitive and reliable metrics. Sediment effects on metrics were generally subtle, even when statistically significant. Ordination and the relative abundance of individual taxa indicated that assemblage structure was altered by treatment, but the shift was generally less than the variation in structure among the 3 sites. Percent organic matter and interstitial velocity were quantified, but did not appear to explain observed responses to treatment. Comparison of assemblages colonizing treatment mixtures with assemblages colonizing natural substratum indicated that most aspects of the experiment were realistic. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were also sampled in 15 local streams, which varied in fine-sediment bed loads, to determine if predictions based on the field experiment were supported at a larger spatial scale. Survey results generally agreed qualitatively with experimental results suggesting that some metrics were robust at a regional scale for physically and geologically similar streams. JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society AU - Angradi, T R AD - Timber and Watershed Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Northeastern Experiment Station, P.O. Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA, tangradi/r9_monong@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 49 EP - 66 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0887-3593, 0887-3593 KW - Caddisflies KW - Mayflies KW - Midges KW - Stoneflies KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chironomidae KW - Plecoptera KW - Aquatic Insects KW - Man-induced effects KW - Species Diversity KW - Chironominae KW - Streams KW - USA, West Virginia, Elklick Run KW - Ephemeroptera KW - Aquatic insects KW - Trichoptera KW - Forest industry KW - Macrofauna KW - Biomass KW - Sediments KW - Orthocladiinae KW - Baetidae KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Species diversity KW - Zoobenthos KW - Benthos KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17374810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.atitle=Fine+sediment+and+macroinvertebrate+assemblages+in+Appalachian+streams%3A+A+field+experiment+with+biomonitoring+applications&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.issn=08873593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Forest industry; Species diversity; Man-induced effects; Zoobenthos; Biomass; Aquatic insects; Sediments; Community structure; Macrofauna; Caddisflies; Stoneflies; Aquatic Insects; Species Diversity; Mayflies; Streams; Benthos; Midges; Orthocladiinae; Chironomidae; Baetidae; Plecoptera; Ephemeroptera; Chironominae; Trichoptera; USA, West Virginia, Elklick Run ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling snow cover and runoff response to global warming for varying hydrological years AN - 17367983; 4565222 AB - The effect of future global warming on the seasonal snow cover and runoff is evaluated in the Rio Grande basin at Del Norte, Colorado for average (1976), low (1977), and high (1979) runoff years. Precipitation data are extrapolated to the respective elevations of the basin by taking into account the snow accumulation obtained from snow cover mapping by satellites. Snow covered areas are used as one of the input variables for the Snowmelt Runoff Model. In order to derive the climate-affected snow covered areas of the future, the decrease of the areal snow water equivalent on 1 April is computed and used to derive new snow cover depletion curves indicative of the accelerated snowmelt in the warmer climate. Day-by-day runoff computations using present temperatures and temperatures increased by +4 degree C reveal a short-term and seasonal redistribution of runoff which differs according to the character of the selected hydrological years. Winter runoff approximately doubles in 1976 (+ 107%), considerably increases in 1979 (+ 60%), and slightly rises in 1977 (+ 22%). The summer runoff consequently declines in all years, but the seasonal runoff peaks are shifted to earlier in the spring as a result of an earlier beginning of the snowmelt season in the warmer climate. JF - World Resource Review AU - Rango, A AU - Martinec, J AD - Hydrology Laboratory, USDA/ARS/BARC-W, Bldg 007, Rm 104, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 76 EP - 91 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - USA, Colorado KW - mathematical models KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Melt water KW - Snow KW - Climate KW - Climatic changes KW - Snow Cover KW - Global Warming KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Climatic Changes KW - Snow-Water Equivalent KW - Global warming KW - Hydrology KW - Mapping KW - Runoff KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Modeling+snow+cover+and+runoff+response+to+global+warming+for+varying+hydrological+years&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BMartinec%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Melt water; Snow; Climatic changes; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Climate; Global warming; Runoff; Snow-Water Equivalent; Climatic Changes; Snow Cover; Mapping; Global Warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combination spray washes of saponin with water or acetic acid to reduce aerobic and pathogenic bacteria on lean beef surfaces AN - 17315744; 4587622 AB - Saponins are naturally occurring compounds known as triterpenoid glycosides found in a variety of plant species. Saponins are approved for use in the food industry as foaming agents. When combined with water or organic acid in spray treatments, saponins' foaming property may improve carcass decontamination. In the first experiment of this study, lean beef carcass surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Spray-washing treatments with 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by 2% acetic acid, were more effective for reducing aerobic bacteria than saponin, water, or 2% acetic acid washes alone. However, 1% saponin followed by a either a water or 2% acetic acid wash was no more effective than a 2% acetic acid wash for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium. In the second experiment, experimentally inoculated beef surfaces were subjected to spray treatments with water followed by another water wash, water followed by a 2% acetic acid wash, 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash. When examined for effectiveness against all bacterial populations, 1% saponin followed by a water wash and 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash were as effective as two water washes or a water wash followed by 2% acetic acid for reducing aerobic bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium from beef surfaces. Under the conditions described, reductions associated with combination spray washes may be attributed to the physical removal of bacteria during the spraying process, not to any specific action of saponin. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cutter, C N AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA, cutter@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 280 EP - 283 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - saponins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Food processing KW - Beef KW - Food KW - Escherichia coli KW - Preservation KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Acetic acid KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Combination+spray+washes+of+saponin+with+water+or+acetic+acid+to+reduce+aerobic+and+pathogenic+bacteria+on+lean+beef+surfaces&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium; Beef; Acetic acid; Food processing; Food; Preservation; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Models for conflict resolution in ecosystem management AN - 17306545; 4548354 AB - Tools developed in the fields of decision analysis and game theory that have potential for use in public sector conflict resolution are reviewed. The strengths and weaknesses, as well as the axioms defining principles of fairness, are examined for multiobjective optimization, Nash and Nash-Harsanyi solutions, voting models, and the Shapley value. The case of conflict between stakeholders over proposed oil and gas leasing on National Forest System lands is presented as a sample application. We conclude that the Shapley value is the appropriate approach for determining the "fairness" of alternative conflict solutions, at least in those situations where cardinal utilities can be estimated. JF - Socio-Economic Planning Sciences AU - Shields, D J AU - Tolwinski, B AU - Kent, B M AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 3825 East Mulberry, Fort Collins, CO, 80524-8597, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 61 EP - 84 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0038-0121, 0038-0121 KW - conflict resolution KW - ecosystem management KW - game theory KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Socio-Economic+Planning+Sciences&rft.atitle=Models+for+conflict+resolution+in+ecosystem+management&rft.au=Shields%2C+D+J%3BTolwinski%2C+B%3BKent%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Socio-Economic+Planning+Sciences&rft.issn=00380121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0121%2898%2900003-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Environmental protection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0121(98)00003-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotenone Effects on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Strawberry River, Utah: A Five-Year Summary AN - 17299753; 4561306 AB - Before treatment with a 3 mg/l Noxfish (0.15 mg/l active ingredient; rotenone) for 48 hours, benthic invertebrate communities were quantitatively sampled with a modified Surber net. Then spring, summer, and fall post-rotenone samples were taken monthly at each of four Strawberry River stations for five years. Statistical analyses of the data indicated that the application of rotenone had a significant effect on the following species density: Cinygmula sp., Pteronarcella badia, Hesperoperla pacifica, Hydropsyche sp., and Brachycentrus americanus. Thirty-three percent of the benthic invertebrate taxa at the four stations showed resistance to rotenone. Up to 100% of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera species were missing after the second rotenone application. Forty-six percent of the taxa recovered within one year, but 21% of the taxa were still missing after five years. Of the 19 taxa still missing, 47% were Trichoptera, 21% were Ephemeroptera, 16% were Plecoptera, 11% were Coleoptera, and 5% were Megaloptera. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Mangum, F A AU - Madrigal, J L AD - USDA Forest Service National Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis Lab, Uinta National Forest 88 West 100 North, Provo, UT 84601 USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 125 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - USA, Utah KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Statistical analysis KW - Water pollution effects KW - Macrofauna KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Pesticide applications KW - Community composition KW - Rotenone KW - Pesticides KW - Biological sampling KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17299753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Rotenone+Effects+on+Aquatic+Macroinvertebrates+of+the+Strawberry+River%2C+Utah%3A+A+Five-Year+Summary&rft.au=Mangum%2C+F+A%3BMadrigal%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mangum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Community composition; Rotenone; Pesticides; Statistical analysis; Macrofauna; Biological sampling; Pesticide applications; Water pollution effects; Macroinvertebrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of glucosyltransferases by wild-type Leuconostoc mesenteroides in media containing sugars other than sucrose AN - 17293792; 4549960 AB - Leuconostoc mesenteroides produces glucosyltransferases (GTFs) and fructosyltransferases (FTFs) which are inducible enzymes which respectively synthesize dextrans and levans from sucrose. Except for a few mutant strains which produce high activities in glucose medium, L. mesenteroides is thought not to produce GTFs and FTFs unless sucrose is present. We show here that cultures of eight strains produced low, but detectable GTF activity when glucose, maltose or melibiose replaced sucrose as the growth substrate. Four strains also produced FTFs of approximately 130 kDa in medium with or without sucrose. The GTFs and FTFs produced on sugars other than sucrose could be detected as bands on SDS gels even when not detected by other methods. Except for strain B-523, the number, sizes and relative intensities of the bands were independent of the sugar used for growing the cultures. Alternansucrase from strains B-1355 and B-1501 in glucose or maltose medium was almost entirely associated with the cell fraction, ruling out binding to glucans as the cause of the association. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Smith, M R AU - Zahnley, J C AD - Western Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 139 EP - 146 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9WX UK, [URL:http://www.nature.com/nature/] VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - dextran KW - fructosyltransferase KW - glucans KW - glucosyltransferase KW - levan KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sugar KW - Media KW - Cell culture KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17293792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+glucosyltransferases+by+wild-type+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+in+media+containing+sugars+other+than+sucrose&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+R%3BZahnley%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Cell culture; Media; Media (culture); Sugar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by a corn trypsin inhibitor overexpressed in Escherichia coli AN - 17287414; 4512036 AB - The cDNA of a 14-kDa trypsin inhibitor (TI) from corn was subcloned into an Escherichia coli overexpression vector. The overexpressed TI was purified based on its insolubility in urea and then refolded into the active form in vitro. This recombinant TI inhibited both conidium germination and hyphal growth of all nine plant pathogenic fungi studied, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Fusarium moniliforme. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration of TI for conidium germination ranged from 70 to more than 300 mu g/ml, and that for fungal growth ranged from 33 to 124 mu g/ml depending on the fungal species. It also inhibited A. flavus and F. moniliforme simultaneously when they were tested together. The results suggest that the corn 14-kDa TI may function in host resistance against a variety of fungal pathogens of crops. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Chen, Z-Y AU - Brown, R L AU - Lax, A R AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Russin, J S AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1320 EP - 1324 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant protection KW - Escherichia coli KW - Germination KW - Overexpression KW - Biotechnology KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Antifungal agents KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Inhibitors KW - Trypsin KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Phytopathogenic fungi KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17287414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+plant-pathogenic+fungi+by+a+corn+trypsin+inhibitor+overexpressed+in+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Chen%2C+Z-Y%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BCleveland%2C+TE%3BRussin%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Z-Y&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Escherichia coli; Fusarium moniliforme; Biotechnology; Inhibitors; Phytopathogenic fungi; Antifungal agents; Germination; Trypsin; Plant protection; Overexpression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of phagocytosis and bacterial killing by heterophils from neonatal chicks after administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines AN - 17276934; 4495276 AB - During the first week post-hatch, chickens demonstrate an increased susceptibility to infection by bacteria such as Salmonella. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of immune lymphokines on phagocytosis and killing activities of heterophils in chicks during the first 1-7 days of life. Lymphokines isolated from chicken splenic T-cells harvested from Salmonella enteriditis (SE)-hyperimmunized hens (SE-ILK), have in past experiments, demonstrated augmentation of heterophil activity in day-of-hatch chicks resulting in protection from SE organ invasion. The present experiments reveal significant increases (p < 0.05) in heterophil phagocytosis and killing when comparing chicks treated with SE-ILK to control groups in vitro. In SE-ILK-treated groups, a two-fold or greater increase is noted in heterophil phagocytosis within 1 h of incubation as compared to controls. Heterophils isolated from 1-day-old and 4-day-old chicks treated with SE-ILK killed significantly greater numbers (p < 0.05) of SE than heterophils isolated from control groups. By Day 7 post-hatch, significance is not noted in the killing activity of heterophils from treated groups when compared to control groups. However, heterophils from SE-ILK groups continue to kill greater numbers of SE than control groups. These data support SE-ILK augmentation results in an enhanced heterophil function in chicks during the greatest period of susceptibility to Salmonella invasion. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Genovese, L L AU - Lowry, V K AU - Genovese, K J AU - DeLoach, J R AU - Kogut, M H AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, USA, bowden@usda.tamu.edu Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 133 EP - 143 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Poultry KW - Lymphokines KW - Phagocytosis KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+phagocytosis+and+bacterial+killing+by+heterophils+from+neonatal+chicks+after+administration+of+Salmonella+enteritidis-immune+lymphokines&rft.au=Genovese%2C+L+L%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Genovese&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2898%2900258-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; Phagocytosis; Lymphokines; Poultry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(98)00258-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing dispersal of larval Coleomegilla maculata from the weed Acalypha ostryaefolia to sweet corn AN - 17269824; 4566297 AB - The polyphagous predator, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), commonly oviposits on the native weed, Acalypha ostryaefolia Riddell (Euphorbiaceae), in and around Kentucky sweet corn fields. Cannibalism of eggs by C. maculata adults and larvae is drastically lower on A. ostryaefolia than on nearby sweet corn plants. We examined ovipositional preference of C. maculata for A. ostryaefolia plants or sweet corn plants, dispersal of larvae from A. ostryaefolia plants, capability for dispersal of larvae across bare soil (e.g., to nearby plants), ability of larvae to climb from ground level up A. ostryaefolia plants or sweet corn plants, and effect of A. ostryaefolia borders adjacent to sweet corn plots on C. maculata population density in sweet corn. The ovipositional preference study revealed that C. maculata laid more eggs on A. ostryaefolia than on corn. First-instar C. maculata that hatched from egg clusters on A. ostryaefolia dispersed predominantly by falling, rather than crawling, to the ground. Glandular trichomes on A. ostryaefolia petioles and stems apparently inhibited intraplant movement of first instars, resulting in those larvae falling directly from leaves to the ground. Some first instars were capable of moving at least 8 m across bare soil in 24 h. From the ground, significantly more first instars climbed sweet corn plants than climbed A. ostryaefolia plants. Significantly more larvae were present in sweet corn plots bordered by A. ostryaefolia plants than in sweet corn plots without an A. ostryaefolia border. These findings show that physical attributes of companion plants can significantly influence natural enemy populations on crop plants by affecting interplant dispersal of natural enemies. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Cottrell, TE AU - Yeargan, K V AD - USDA-ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 313 EP - 322 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - USA, Kentucky KW - larvae KW - maize KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Coleomegilla maculata KW - Eggs KW - Zea mays KW - Coccinellidae KW - Acalypha ostryaefolia KW - Host plants KW - Weed control KW - Dispersal KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17269824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+dispersal+of+larval+Coleomegilla+maculata+from+the+weed+Acalypha+ostryaefolia+to+sweet+corn&rft.au=Cottrell%2C+TE%3BYeargan%2C+K+V&rft.aulast=Cottrell&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acalypha ostryaefolia; Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla maculata; Zea mays; Eggs; Host plants; Predators; Dispersal; Weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric acid adsorption on ice: surface diffusion AN - 17267908; 4572958 AB - Knowledge of the behavior of nitric acid on the surface of ice is important to predicting nitrate loads from snowpacks and determining paleoclimates from ice cores. Our experiments have shown that HNO sub(3) will diffuse across the ice driven by concentration gradients. A diffusion constant, D, for this process was determined from Fick's first law to be 3.5( plus or minus 1.0)x10 super(-7) cm super(2)/sec between -20 degree and -25 degree C. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Laird, S K AU - Buttry, DA AU - Sommerfeld, R A AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 699 EP - 701 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Snowpack KW - Ice KW - Paleoclimatology KW - Cores KW - Acids KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17267908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Nitric+acid+adsorption+on+ice%3A+surface+diffusion&rft.au=Laird%2C+S+K%3BButtry%2C+DA%3BSommerfeld%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Snowpack; Ice; Paleoclimatology; Cores; Acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boundary effects on solute transport in finite soil columns AN - 17263796; 4570212 AB - This study investigates the influence of inlet and outlet disturbances and formulated boundary conditions on the estimation of the dispersion coefficient and retardation factor for short soil columns. Unsaturated miscible displacement experiments utilizing a Br super(-) tracer were carried out on undisturbed columns of a fine-textured Ultisol. Solutions were applied using either a fritted plate or an array of dispensing tips that produced droplets at a prescribed flow rate. One- and two-layer analytical solutions of the advective-dispersive equation were fitted to effluent concentrations using nonlinear least squares parameter optimization. Comparison of two-layer simulations with experimental data indicated that the analytical solution with a semi-infinite interface boundary best approximated effluent concentrations under the conditions of this study. This solution corresponds to a continuous flux concentration and a macroscopically discontinuous resident concentration at the interface between the soil and porous plates. Parameter estimates were not significantly different with respect to the application method used at the inlet. This may be attributed to a less uniform distribution of solution onto the soil surface by the drip apparatus and/or by the presence of stagnant regions within the inlet reservoir and hence increased dispersion within the inlet platen apparatus. Two-layer simulations indicated that the dispersion coefficient was underestimated by 14-27% when the influence of the inlet and outlet apparatus were not included in the fitted solution of the advective-dispersive equation. In addition, use of one-layer analytical solutions caused the retardation factor to be overestimated by no more than the fractional increase in pore volume imparted by the platen apparatus. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Reddell, D L AD - Conservation and Production Research Lab., Agricultural Research Serv., USDA, Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 671 EP - 681 PB - American Geophysical Union VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil types KW - Tracers KW - Soil columns KW - Bromides KW - Solute transport KW - Boundary conditions KW - Flow rates KW - Soil horizons KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17263796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Boundary+effects+on+solute+transport+in+finite+soil+columns&rft.au=Reddell%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Reddell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil types; Tracers; Soil columns; Bromides; Solute transport; Boundary conditions; Flow rates; Soil horizons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Fire, Pruning, and Coppice Management of Temperate Ecosystems for Basketry Material by California Indian Tribes AN - 17256950; 4527673 AB - Straight growth forms of wild shrubs and trees unaffected by insects, diseases, or accumulated dead material have been valued cross-culturally for millennia for use in basketry, yet these growth forms do not occur readily in nature without disturbance. California data are presented that demonstrate how fire and pruning were ancient horticultural techniques that were utilized by Native Americans in various temperate ecosystems to shape ecosystem structure, reduce the occurrence of insects and diseases, and activate specific developmental stages in shrubs and trees for twined and coiled basketry. It is suggested that the magnitude and extent of burning applied to wildlands for basketry and many other cultural purposes in most indigenous cultures in California have been drastically underestimated in the published literature. A methodological approach is outlined for unraveling past and present-day wildland management for basketry materials in various temperate regions. Working hypotheses to explain the ecological rationale for indigenous management at both the organismic and ecosystemic level are proposed. JF - Human Ecology AU - Anderson, M K AD - National Plant Data Center, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of Environmental Horticulture, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 79 EP - 114 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0300-7839, 0300-7839 KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Human ecology KW - Temperate environments KW - Fires KW - Horticulture KW - Pruning KW - D 04690:Human ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17256950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Fire%2C+Pruning%2C+and+Coppice+Management+of+Temperate+Ecosystems+for+Basketry+Material+by+California+Indian+Tribes&rft.au=Anderson%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Ecology&rft.issn=03007839&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperate environments; Pruning; Human ecology; Horticulture; Fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure and short-term dynamics of the tree component of a mature pine-oak forest in southeastern Arkansas AN - 17252571; 4536968 AB - The R.R. Reynolds Research Natural Area is a 32-ha second-growth forest with little human intervention for nearly 60 years. In this paper, we characterize the existing vegetation, which represents 60 years of successional change with no major disturbances, and report vegetative changes over a 5-year period, which suggest the future successional direction. Trees greater than or equal to 9.0 cm DBH were inventoried in twenty 0.1-ha plots and placed into four species groups: pines, oaks, other overstory trees, and midstory trees. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was the dominant tree species, accounting for 51% of the total basal area and having the largest mean DBH (56.5 cm) and height (35.7 m). Tree ages ranged from 50 to 140 years for the pines and from 40 to 150 years for the oaks. However, 70% of the pines became established in the 4 decades that followed harvest of the virgin forest in the 1910s, while the oaks showed two peaks of establishment (one after harvest and one 50 years before harvest). The pines displayed a bell-shaped DBH-class distribution, while the oaks displayed a gradual decline in numbers as DBH-class increased. In contrast, the other overstory trees and midstory trees had negative exponential distributions. Multiple occupancy was common within the canopy, which had a horizontal coverage of 97%. Canopy positions of the species groups were as follows: pines>oaks>other overstory trees>midstory trees. The growth of individual trees was positively related with tree size. Stand-level survivor growth was positively related with the basal area of the species group. Recruitment was greatest for the other overstory trees and midstory trees (totaling 6.2 trees ha super(-1) yr super(-1)), but did not occur for the pines and oaks. Mortality of large pines during the observation period (averaging 3.3 trees ha super(-1) yr super(-1)) resulted in net losses in basal area and volume for that species group. By contrast, hardwood species groups displayed net increases, totaling 0.17 m super(2) ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for basal area and 1.59 m super(3) ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for volume. Stand dynamics suggest that the shade-intolerant pines are rapidly being replaced by more shade-tolerant hardwoods. JF - Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society AU - Shelton, M G AU - Cain, MD AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR 71656-3516 Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 32 EP - 48 VL - 126 IS - 1 SN - 1095-5674, 1095-5674 KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Conifers KW - Stand structure KW - Forests KW - Population dynamics KW - Succession KW - Hardwoods KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.atitle=Structure+and+short-term+dynamics+of+the+tree+component+of+a+mature+pine-oak+forest+in+southeastern+Arkansas&rft.au=Shelton%2C+M+G%3BCain%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.issn=10955674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conifers; Succession; Forests; Hardwoods; Stand structure; Population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of five Southeast Asian accessions into the world-wide phenetic relationships of Hydrilla verticillata as elucidated by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis AN - 17207060; 4495028 AB - Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were analyzed for five new accessions of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle collected from southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand). These were compared to 12 accessions that had been analyzed in a previous study. Five primers produced 91 loci which were used to calculate the Dice similarity metric which was in turn used to compare the accessions phenetically using both the neighbor-joining algorithm and the unweighted pair-group arithmetic average clustering (UPGMA) method. The US dioecious accessions, as previously, clustered closest to a plant from Bangalore, India. The US monoecious accessions again clustered with a Seoul, Korean accession. The five Southeast Asian accessions clustered loosely near accessions from Pinang Island, Malaysia, Rawa Pening, Indonesia and Tainan, Taiwan, but showed less phenetic similarity to the Asian accessions. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Madeira, P T AU - Van, T K AU - Center, T D AD - Aquatic Weed Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 3205 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, thaivanrs.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Phylogeny KW - Southeast Asia KW - phenetic relationships KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Taiwan KW - Biochemistry KW - Thailand KW - Aquatic plants KW - Algorithms KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Comparison studies KW - India KW - Vietnam KW - Population genetics KW - USA KW - Malaysia KW - DNA KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Q1 08443:Population genetics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08225:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17207060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Integration+of+five+Southeast+Asian+accessions+into+the+world-wide+phenetic+relationships+of+Hydrilla+verticillata+as+elucidated+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis&rft.au=Madeira%2C+P+T%3BVan%2C+T+K%3BCenter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Madeira&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Biochemistry; Algorithms; DNA; Aquatic plants; Comparison studies; Hydrilla verticillata; USA; Taiwan; Thailand; Malaysia; Korea, Rep.; Vietnam; India ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced Adhesion of Pasteurella multocida to Cultured Turkey Peripheral Blood Monocytes AN - 17202644; 4491209 AB - Capsular hyaluronic acid (HA) mediates adhesion of serogroup A strains of Pasteurella multocida to elicited turkey air sac macrophages (TASM). In contrast, freshly isolated turkey peripheral blood monocytes (TPBM) do not bind serogroup A strains. Following culture of TPBM for 6 days in chamber slides, adhesion of the bacteria to TPBM increased gradually. Incubation in chamber slides coated with entactin-collagen IV-laminin (ECL) attachment matrix or exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) further enhanced the adhesion of P. multocida to TPBM. Addition of HA, but not Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, to TPBM culture inhibited bacterial adherence similarly to the inhibition previously reported for TASM. Exposure of TPBM to monoclonal antibody directed against HA-binding cell surface proteoglycan (CD44) decreased binding of P. multocida. Collectively, these findings indicate that P. multocida adhesion to TPBM is mediated by capsular HA and can be increased by culture on ECL attachment matrix or PMA exposure. Additionally, the findings suggest that the capsular mucopolysaccharide of serogroup A strains of P. multocida recognizes and isoform of CD44 expressed on cultured TPBM. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Pruimboom, I M AU - Rimler, R B AU - Ackermann, M R AD - USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rrimler@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1292 EP - 1296 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - CD44 antigen KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - collagen (type IV) KW - entactin KW - laminin KW - turkeys KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Macrophages KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Peripheral blood KW - Monocytes KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06771:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17202644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Adhesion+of+Pasteurella+multocida+to+Cultured+Turkey+Peripheral+Blood+Monocytes&rft.au=Pruimboom%2C+I+M%3BRimler%2C+R+B%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Pruimboom&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; Peripheral blood; Macrophages; Monoclonal antibodies; Monocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metolachlor fate and mobility in a tidal wetland soil AN - 16129029; 4547642 AB - A study was conducted to determine the fate of the herbicide metolachlor in a tidal wetland soil located along the James River in Virginia, USA. Soil adsorption/desorption and mineralization characteristics and mobility of metolachlor were determined on the Levy tidal wetland soil. The metolachlor K sub(d) value was 65.8 L kg super(-1) and K sub(oc) value was 810 L kg super(-1) C super(-1), which are much greater than would be found on typical agricultural soils. After four 24-h desorption periods, the total amount of metolachlor that desorbed ranged from 16 to 22% of the amount initially adsorbed. Metolachlor mineralization was about 0.46% of the amount applied after 84 days, which indicates that it does not mineralize very readily in the Levy soil. The amount of metolachlor that leached from the soil columns averaged 1.64% of the amount applied after 84 days, showing a low degree of mobility. These results suggest that the Levy tidal wetland soil can function as an effective filter of metolachlor and other similar herbicides that enter via agricultural runoff, protecting surface and ground waters. JF - Wetlands AU - Seybold, CA AU - Mersie, W AD - USDA-NRCS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331 Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 228 EP - 235 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Metolachlor KW - USA, Virginia, James R. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Soil Columns KW - Freshwater KW - Mineralization KW - Soil KW - Tidal Marshes KW - Soils KW - Wetlands KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Marine KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Brackish KW - USA, Virginia KW - Herbicides KW - Marshes KW - Intertidal environment KW - Mineralization (see also Biodegradation) KW - ANW, USA, Virginia, James Estuary KW - Q5 01503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q2 02261:General KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16129029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Metolachlor+fate+and+mobility+in+a+tidal+wetland+soil&rft.au=Seybold%2C+CA%3BMersie%2C+W&rft.aulast=Seybold&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution dispersion; Soils; Herbicides; Wetlands; Mineralization; Agricultural runoff; Intertidal environment; Soil; Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Mineralization (see also Biodegradation); Marshes; Agricultural Runoff; Tidal Marshes; Fate of Pollutants; Soil Columns; USA, Virginia, James R.; USA, Virginia; ANW, USA, Virginia, James Estuary; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hurdles and bottlenecks on the road to biocontrol of plant pathogens AN - 1020857566; 16786378 AB - Despite the progress in biocontrol research that has placed about 40 commercially available biocontrol products on the shelf, many hurdles to the wide adoption of biocontrol remain. Biocontrol works well under conditions of low biological diversity, such as in soil-less potting mix, but is more difficult to demonstrate in the field, and biocontrol is often less consistent than chemical control. Is biocontrol not working, or is it our inability to deliver and establish the biocontrol organism in the appropriate physiological state, in the right place at the right time? A greater understanding of the ecology of the organisms involved, as well as the epidemiology of the system, will help us to develop ecologically rational approaches to disease management. More efficient and effective ways of growing and formulating biocontrol organisms are needed in many cases in order to make biocontrol economically viable. Research on safety and environmental fate of biocontrol agents is lacking in some cases. Trends that may encourage more research into biocontrol of plant diseases include the increased public interest in 'organic' foods, the public's concern over non-target effects of chemical pesticides in the environment, and the loss of many chemical pesticides, or uses of those pesticides, from the market. JF - Australasian Plant Pathology AU - Ravel, Deborah AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 53 EP - 56 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0815-3191, 0815-3191 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - Adoption KW - Biological control KW - Biological diversity KW - Chemical control KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impact KW - Epidemiology KW - Food KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology KW - Pesticides KW - Physiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Public concern KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020857566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Hurdles+and+bottlenecks+on+the+road+to+biocontrol+of+plant+pathogens&rft.au=Ravel%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Ravel&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08153191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FAP99007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-10 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Plant diseases; Epidemiology; Food; Chemical control; Pesticides; Biological diversity; Adoption; Pathogens; Ecology; Pathology; Physiology; Environmental impact; Public concern DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AP99007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trout use of woody debris and habitat in Wine Spring Creek, North Carolina AN - 17136892; 4440238 AB - Wine Spring Creek basin, in the mountains of North Carolina's Nantahala National Forest, is an ecosystem management demonstration site, in which ecological concepts for management and restoration are tested. Large woody debris (LWD) is an important link between streams and the adjacent riparian forest, but evidence for the connection between LWD and trout in southern Appalachian streams is limited. Woody debris loadings, trout habitat, and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were inventoried for the entire 9.8 km that trout occupy in Wine Spring Creek. Compared to two reference streams in North Carolina old-growth forests, Wine Spring Creek had less LWD, evidence of conditions associated with mid-successional riparian forests. More units in Wine Spring Creek lacked LWD altogether and accumulations of two or more pieces of LWD were less common than was the case in the reference watersheds. On average, about 71% of pools and riffles in Wine Spring Creek were occupied by trout, compared to about 90% in reference streams. Trout nearly always occupied pools with at least two pieces of LWD, but rates of occupancy for pools with one or no LWD pieces and riffles were unusually low compared to reference streams. Habitats on the lower and middle reaches on the mainstem of Wine Spring Creek had highest trout numbers and were nearly always occupied by trout. In these reaches, riparian ages were older and stream habitat had abundant LWD or boulder substrate. Upper reaches of Wine Spring Creek and its tributaries, however, were characterized by less mature riparian forest, less LWD and little boulder substrate, low rates of trout occupancy, and lower trout numbers. These conditions are the basis for an LWD addition experiment in headwater reaches. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Flebbe, P A AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 367 EP - 376 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Brook trout KW - Rainbow trout KW - wood debris KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - USA, North Carolina, Wine Spring Creek KW - Salvelinus fontinalis KW - Fishery management KW - Microhabitats KW - Protective behaviour KW - Allochthonous deposits KW - Wood KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Trout+use+of+woody+debris+and+habitat+in+Wine+Spring+Creek%2C+North+Carolina&rft.au=Flebbe%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Flebbe&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery management; Microhabitats; Protective behaviour; Wood; Allochthonous deposits; Salvelinus fontinalis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA, North Carolina, Wine Spring Creek; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of deforestation AN - 17136747; 4440246 AB - Cartographic modeling was used to examine the influence of deforestation on landscape pattern metrics. Progressive deforestation resulted in an increase in the spatial heterogeneity, fragmentation, and edge characteristics of a landscape while connectivity attributes varied with deforestation stage. Pattern changes in heterogeneity and edge characteristics were curvilinear, with metrics changing direction at the half-way point of deforestation. The progressive loss of forest enhanced edge length, interspersion, and convexity. There was an exponential decline in interior forest and mean patch size, while patch density and interpatch distance increased. The variability displayed by several pattern metrics reflect the unpredictability in patch disappearance.The relative contribution of each metric for discriminating between contiguous and fragmented landscape conditions was ranked using discriminant analysis. The results suggested that the mastery of landscape analysis can be directly linked to the choice of the pattern metric. Percent forest interior, contiguity, and convexity were highly significant (P<0.001). Forest loss was also significantly reflected by mean patch size, number of patches, mean patch density, and interpatch distance. Metrics that contributed little to discrimination displayed unpredictable behavior or exhibited high variability about their mean values.This paper develops an approach for monitoring the influence of deforestation on the landscape, and examines how pattern-related habitat components are affected by deforestation. The ability to quantify pattern change resulting from deforestation has direct implications to resource management and wildlife habitat assessment. Descriptions of pattern change accompanying deforestation provide a critical component of habitat analyses. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Trani, M K AU - Giles, Jr RH AD - USDA Forest Service, George Washington-Jefferson National Forests Roanoke, VA 24019 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 459 EP - 470 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Landscape KW - Deforestation KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+deforestation&rft.au=Trani%2C+M+K%3BGiles%2C+Jr+RH&rft.aulast=Trani&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Deforestation; Vegetation patterns; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians AN - 17136468; 4440222 AB - In April 1995, the USDA Forest Service conducted a prescribed burn along with a south-facing slope of southern Appalachian watershed, Nantahala National Forest, western NC. Fire had been excluded for over 70 years and the purpose of the burn was to create a mosaic of fire intensities to restore a degraded pine/hardwood community and to stimulate forage production and promote oak regeneration along a hillslope gradient. Permanent plots were sampled at three locations along a gradient from 1500 to 1700 m. Plot locations corresponded to three community types: mesic, near-riparian cove (low slope); dry, mixed-oak (mid slope); and xeric, pine/hardwood (ridge). Before burning (1994-1995) and post-burn (summer, 1995 and summer, 1996) vegetation measurements were used to determine the effects of fire on the mortality and regeneration of overstory trees, understory shrubs, and herbaceous species. After the burn, mortality was highest (31%) at the ridge location, substantially reducing overstory (from 26.84 pre-burn to 19.05 m super(2) ha super(-1) post-burn) and understory shrub (from 6.52 pre-burn to 0.37 m super(2) ha super(-1) post-burn) basal area. At the mid-slope position, mortality was only 3%, and no mortality occurred at the low slope. Not surprisingly, percent mortality corresponded to the level of fire intensity. Basal area of Kalmia latifolia, Gaylussacia baccata, and Vaccinium spp. were substantially reduced after the fire, but density increased due to prolific sprouting. The prescribed fire had varying effects on species richness and diversity across the hillslope gradient. On the ridge, diversity was significantly increased in the understory and herb-layer, but decreased in the overstory. On the mid slope, no change was observed in the overstory, but diversity significantly decreased in the understory. On the low slope, no change was observed in the overstory or understory. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Elliott, K J AU - Hendrick, R L AU - Major, A E AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AD - Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Otto, NC 28763 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 199 EP - 213 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - Plant communities KW - Burning KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Vegetation+dynamics+after+a+prescribed+fire+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BHendrick%2C+R+L%3BMajor%2C+A+E%3BVose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant communities; Fires; Forest management; Burning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential significance of frost, topographic relief, and Acacia koa stands to restoration of mesic Hawaiian forests on abandoned rangeland AN - 17136348; 4440245 AB - Beginning in the 1850 s, logging, land clearing, and burning were used to convert high elevation Hawaiian forests to cattle pasture. Recently, declining profits from ranching, the need to expand habitat for endangered species, and diminishing supplies of native saw-timber have prompted interest in restoring native forests. The Forest Service, in cooperation with the Fish and Wildlife Service, is studying climatic, edaphic, and biotic limitations in the reforestation of grassland and savanna in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, island of Hawaii. Frost damage has been implicated in poor survival of Acacia koa, a dominant native nitrogen fixing tree, and other endemic plants. Data showed that for some years freezing temperatures were common above 1800 m elevation, and that A. koa seedling survival was poorest on micro-topographic sites where freezing temperatures were lowest and most prolonged. Artificial frost protection devices enhanced A. koa seedling survival, presumably by reducing radiative cooling. A similar reduction in radiative cooling was observed under a stand of 4 m tall A. koa. Such stands also changed soil chemical properties, making them intermediate between those of grassland and forest. Light levels near the ground under A. koa were similar to those found in forests, but not as low as those found under pasture grasses. Biomass and nutrient pools of the litter-herbaceous layer were affected by micro-topographic position in the landscape and by the presence of stands of A. koa. Using A. koa as a nurse crop may create understory conditions favorable for the establishment of other plant components of a mixed-species forest. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Scowcroft, P G AU - Jeffrey, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323 Honolulu, HI 96813 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 447 EP - 458 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Acacia koa KW - Rangelands KW - Frost KW - Environmental restoration KW - Reforestation KW - Topography KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Potential+significance+of+frost%2C+topographic+relief%2C+and+Acacia+koa+stands+to+restoration+of+mesic+Hawaiian+forests+on+abandoned+rangeland&rft.au=Scowcroft%2C+P+G%3BJeffrey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acacia koa; Environmental restoration; Rangelands; Frost; Topography; Reforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putting community data to work -- some understory plants indicate red spruce regeneration habitat AN - 17136274; 4440230 AB - When harvested, red spruce (Picea rubens) at low elevations is vulnerable to temporary displacement by balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and hardwoods. If indicator plants can be found by which to assess spruce regeneration habitat, then biota dependent on red spruce dominance could benefit. Associations between spruce seedlings (0.1-0.5 m tall) and understory plants, species life histories, and successional processes can be considered in managing for biodiversity; species richness alone is inadequate. Data from eight Maine sites in 50 permanent 0.0625 ha plots and 600 1 m super(2) subplots along a disturbance gradient included 30 understory species and nine environmental variables. In a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the first two canonical axes accounted for 64.6% of the species-environment relationship; their eigenvalues accounted for 22% of the total variation. Spruce seedlings were sparse in clearcuts and most abundant in stands that were partially harvested at greater than or equal to 20 year intervals and where Curtis' Relative density, softwood:hardwood ratio, and percent of understory plants visited by bees were all high. We propose a suite of common, widespread herbs and a liverwort as potential indicators, but recognize that parent trees probably influence red spruce seedling density more than does ground flora composition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Dibble, A C AU - Brissette, J C AU - HunterJr, M L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Durham, NH 03824 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 275 EP - 291 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Red spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Picea rubens KW - Environmental restoration KW - Habitat KW - Understory KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Putting+community+data+to+work+--+some+understory+plants+indicate+red+spruce+regeneration+habitat&rft.au=Dibble%2C+A+C%3BBrissette%2C+J+C%3BHunterJr%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Dibble&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; Environmental restoration; Habitat; Understory; Vegetation patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using stand replacement fires to restore southern Appalachian pine-hardwood ecosystems: effects on mass, carbon, and nutrient pools AN - 17136241; 4440223 AB - Pine-hardwood ecosystems in the southern Appalachians are in serious decline due to fire exclusion and insect infestations. Fire has been advanced as a tool to restore these ecosystems, yet there are few studies evaluating overall ecosystem effects. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of stand restoration burning on forest floor nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools, and soil and stream chemistry. We measured changes in forest floor (coarse woody debris, small wood, litter, and humus) mass, N, and C; changes in soil chemistry (calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, C, and N); and changes in stream nitrate (NO sub(3)). Results showed that significant reductions in mass, N, and C occurred only for litter and small wood on the ridge, where N losses were 52.9 kg ha super(-1) for litter and small wood combined. No significant effects were observed on the mid- or lower slope of the treatment watershed. Losses on the ridge are considerably lower than losses which occur with alternative burning treatments used in the region, such as the fell and burn treatment. Soil and stream chemistry showed no response to burning. Spatial heterogeneity in fire intensity (combustion temperatures ranged from <52-?800 degree C) and severity associated with stand replacement burning results in a mosaic of fire effects and considerably less consumption and subsequent nutrient losses. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AU - Clinton, B D AU - Knoepp, J D AU - Swift, L W AD - USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory Otto NC 28763 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 215 EP - 226 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - Forest floor KW - Humus KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Using+stand+replacement+fires+to+restore+southern+Appalachian+pine-hardwood+ecosystems%3A+effects+on+mass%2C+carbon%2C+and+nutrient+pools&rft.au=Vose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BClinton%2C+B+D%3BKnoepp%2C+J+D%3BSwift%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Vose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Humus; Forest floor; Fires; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An unconventional approach to ecosystem unit classification in western North Carolina, USA AN - 17136043; 4440242 AB - We used an unconventional combination of data transformation and multivariate analyses to reduce subjectivity in identification of ecosystem units in a mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. Vegetative cover and environmental variables were measured on 79 stratified, randomly located, 0.1 ha sample plots in a 4000 ha watershed. Binary transformation of percent cover followed by direct and indirect ordination indicated the 185 inventoried species were associated primarily with soil A-horizon thickness, soil base saturation, and aspect. Redundant cluster analyses, consisting of divisive and agglomerative methods for multivariate classification of core plots, followed by selective discriminant analysis of remaining non-core plots, indicated that the continuum of vegetation and environment could be grouped into five ecosystem units. Approximately 20 herbaceous, shrubs, and tree species and several soil and topographic variables were highly significant discriminators of ecosystem units. We also demonstrated that redundant cluster analysis may be used to subdivide ecosystem units into subunits of uniform understory composition and associated environment. Validation and refinement of classification units, linkage with faunal biological components, and arrangement into landscape areas suitable for resource management is needed before field application. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - McNab, W H AU - Browning, SA AU - Simon, SA AU - Fouts, P E AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1577 Brevard Road Asheville NC 28806 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 405 EP - 420 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Land classification KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Terrestrial ecosystems KW - Montane environments KW - Multivariate analysis KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=An+unconventional+approach+to+ecosystem+unit+classification+in+western+North+Carolina%2C+USA&rft.au=McNab%2C+W+H%3BBrowning%2C+SA%3BSimon%2C+SA%3BFouts%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land classification; Multivariate analysis; Montane environments; Terrestrial ecosystems; Vegetation patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understory structure by season following uneven-aged reproduction cutting. A comparison of selected measures 2 and 6 years after treatment AN - 17135152; 4440232 AB - Deciding among cutting practices requires knowledge of forest structure, understory vegetation change, rates of recovery, and resource impacts. We used two field devices (a screenometer and a density board) and digital images of 35 mm photographs to compare measures and document the change in understory vegetation structure in forests following reproduction cutting disturbances. The study area, mostly 70-year old second-growth shortleaf pine-oak (Pinus echinata-Quercus spp.), had an average basal area of 26 m super(2)/ha. Treatments retained 13.8 m super(2)/ha in pine and three levels of hardwood basal area. The 21 m super(2)/ha treatment retained 33% hardwood basal area in a scattered condition. One 17 m super(2)/ha treatment retained 20% hardwoods in a clustered or grouped pattern, and another treatment retained 20% hardwoods scattered throughout. A fourth treatment retained no hardwood basal area. When compared with untreated (control) plots, vegetative screening increased on treated plots relative to untreated plots by degree of initial cutting disturbance. Both the screenometer and the density board readings distinguished between control and treated plots, but significant differences occurred by season, year, and height above ground. Digital information from scanned images yielded promising results by detecting significant differences in the amount of blue color intensity and the proportion of line objects. Color intensities were significantly different by season and year after treatment, that is, lowest in summer and highest in spring, and greater 2 years after treatment rather than 6 years after treatment. Results indicated that detection of disturbed conditions and recovery following disturbance varied with the scale and type of measurement. Each device estimated different structural dimensions. We concluded that assessment and modeling of understory structure, change, and recovery depended strongly on the cell size of the device used. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rudis, V A AU - Thill, R E AU - Gramann, J H AU - Picone, J AU - Kalidindi, N AU - Tappe, P A AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Starkville, MS 39760-0928 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 309 EP - 320 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation changes KW - Forests KW - Disturbance KW - Seasonal variations KW - Understory KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17135152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Understory+structure+by+season+following+uneven-aged+reproduction+cutting.+A+comparison+of+selected+measures+2+and+6+years+after+treatment&rft.au=Rudis%2C+V+A%3BThill%2C+R+E%3BGramann%2C+J+H%3BPicone%2C+J%3BKalidindi%2C+N%3BTappe%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Rudis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation changes; Seasonal variations; Forests; Understory; Disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem management decision support for federal forests in the United States: A review AN - 17135128; 4440221 AB - Ecosystem management has been adopted as the philosophical paradigm guiding management on many federal forests in the United States. The strategic goal of ecosystem management is to find a sensible middle ground between ensuring long-term protection of the environment while allowing an increasing population to use its natural resources for maintaining and improving human life. Ecosystem management has all the characteristics of 'wicked' problems that are tricky, complex, and thorny. Ambiguities, conflicts, internal inconsistencies, unknown but large costs, lack of organized approaches, institutional shock and confusion, lack of scientific understanding of management consequences, and turbulent, rapidly changing power centers all contribute to the wickedness of the ecosystem management paradigm. Given that ecosystem management, like human survival and welfare, is a wicked problem, how can we proceed to tame it? Managers need to use the same tools that people have always used for handling such problems - knowledge, organization, judicious simplification, and inspired leadership. The generic theory of decision support system development and application is well developed. Numerous specific ecosystem management decision support systems (EM-DSS) have been developed and are evolving in their capabilities. There is no doubt that given a set of ecosystem management processes to support and adequate time and resources, effective EM-DSS can be developed. On the other hand, there is considerable doubt that sufficiently detailed, explicitly described and widely accepted processes for implementing ecosystem management can be crafted given the current institutional, educational, social and political climate. A socio-political climate in which everyone wants to reap the benefits and no one wants to pay the costs, incapacitates the federal forest management decision making process. Developing a workable ecosystem management process and the decision making tools to support it is probably one of the most complex and urgent challenges facing us today. This paper offers a concise review of the state of the art of decision support systems related to implementing ecosystem management. A conceptual model of the context in which ecosystem management is expected to function is presented. Next, a candidate for an operational ecosystem management process is described and others are referenced. Finally, a generic ecosystem management decision support system is presented and many existing systems briefly described. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rauscher, H M AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Research and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville NC 28805 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 173 EP - 197 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Ecosystem management KW - Land use KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17135128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+management+decision+support+for+federal+forests+in+the+United+States%3A+A+review&rft.au=Rauscher%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Rauscher&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem management; Land use; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single versus multiple species management: native fishes in Arizona AN - 17133535; 4440237 AB - The question of single vs. multiple species management of threatened and endangered fishes is discussed using examples from Arizona, where efforts to conserve native fishes have largely taken a single species, `real' approach. Such a strategy has been dictated by multiple factors including: (1) the interaction between climate and topography - interaction that legislates regional hydrology, (2) marked alteration of historic hydrology by dams, diversion, and groundwater mining, and (3) introduction of non-native species of fishes. However, opportunities for multiple and perhaps `ideal' species management must be continually embraced, despite the increased complexity of the task. In either case, conservation of native fish communities is inseparable from conservation of habitats and will require sustaining the few remaining un-dammed, free-flowing rivers in the State and managing rivers or drainage basins to incorporate (1) sustainable riparian-stream habitats and security of habitats, (2) an ecosystem, watershed or river basin approach, and (3) a cooperative (i.e. interagency), long-term, and vigilant approach. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rinne, J N AU - Stefferud, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Southwest Forest Science Center, 2500 South Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff Arizona, AZ 86001 USA Y1 - 1999/02/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 22 SP - 357 EP - 365 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Fishery management KW - Nature conservation KW - Natural populations KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Multispecies fisheries KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17133535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Single+versus+multiple+species+management%3A+native+fishes+in+Arizona&rft.au=Rinne%2C+J+N%3BStefferud%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Rinne&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery management; Nature conservation; Natural populations; Multispecies fisheries; Freshwater fish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of highly efficient enzymes for flax retting by Rhizomucor pusillus AN - 17225984; 4499638 AB - The fungus Rhizomucor pusillus grew well on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stems and on pectin as the sole source of carbon. Of several fungal isolates from dew-retted flax, R. pusillus produced enzyme filtrates that were the most effective in retting flax as evaluated by the Fried test. Addition of the chelator oxalic acid enhanced the retting efficiency of culture filtrates from the fungal isolates, with those of R. pusillus giving the highest degree of retting. Approximately one tenth of the protein concentration of R. pusillus as that of the commercial product Flaxzyme produced the same degree of flax retting. The culture filtrate of R. pusillus contained high levels of pectinase activity, low levels of pectin methyl esterase activity, low cellulase and mannase activities, and no pectin lyase or xylanase activities. In our assay, pectinase activity was highest at pH 6.0 and 40 degree C. The enzyme mixture in the filtrates of cultures grown on citrus-pectin appeared to contain relatively few proteins according to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. R. pusillus produces a simple and efficient enzyme mixture that could provide an opportunity to determine the contribution of specific enzymes to flax retting. Results further suggest that hemicellulase and cellulase may not be required to ret flax. These studies provide information on enzymes towards the goal of developing a commercial process for enzymatic retting of flax. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Henriksson, G AU - Akin, DE AU - Slomczynski, D AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - Russell Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA, deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/02/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 19 SP - 115 EP - 123 VL - 68 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - flax KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Enzymes KW - Rhizomucor pusillus KW - Retting KW - Linum usitatissimum KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+highly+efficient+enzymes+for+flax+retting+by+Rhizomucor+pusillus&rft.au=Henriksson%2C+G%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BSlomczynski%2C+D%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Henriksson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-02-19&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linum usitatissimum; Rhizomucor pusillus; Enzymes; Retting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thiol-dependent degradation of protoporphyrin IX by plant peroxidases. AN - 69594490; 10050764 AB - Protoporphyrin IX (PP) is the last porphyrin intermediate in common between heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. This pigment normally does not accumulate in plants because its highly photodynamic nature makes it toxic. While the steps leading to heme and chlorophylls are well characterized, relatively little is known of the metabolic fate of excess PP in plants. We have discovered that plant peroxidases can rapidly degrade this pigment in the presence of thiol-containing substrates such as glutathione and cysteine. This thiol-dependent degradation of PP by horseradish peroxidase consumes oxygen and is inhibited by ascorbic acid. JF - FEBS letters AU - Dayan, F E AU - Rimando, A M AU - Duke, S O AU - Jacobs, N J AD - USDA/ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA. fdayan@ag.gov Y1 - 1999/02/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 12 SP - 227 EP - 230 VL - 444 IS - 2-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - Protoporphyrins KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - protoporphyrin IX KW - C2K325S808 KW - Horseradish Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cysteine -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Protoporphyrins -- metabolism KW - Plant Leaves -- enzymology KW - Cucumis sativus -- metabolism KW - Horseradish Peroxidase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69594490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Thiol-dependent+degradation+of+protoporphyrin+IX+by+plant+peroxidases.&rft.au=Dayan%2C+F+E%3BRimando%2C+A+M%3BDuke%2C+S+O%3BJacobs%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-02-12&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ponderosa pine and broom snakeweed: poisonous plants that affect livestock. AN - 69647174; 10091125 AB - Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and the snakeweeds (Gutierrezia sarothrae and G. microcephala) are two groups of range plants that are poisonous to livestock. Ponderosa pine causes late-term abortions in cattle, and the snakeweeds are toxic and also cause abortions in cattle, sheep, and goats. Research is underway at the USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plants Research Laboratory to better understand livestock poisonings caused by grazing ponderosa pine needles and the snakeweeds and to provide methods of reducing losses to the livestock and supporting industries. This review includes the history of the problem, a brief description of the signs of poisoning, the research, to identify the chemical toxins, and current management practices on prevention of poisonings. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Gardner, D R AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Pfister, J A AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - USDA/ARS/Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. gardnerd@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 27 EP - 34 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Diterpenes KW - Diterpenes, Abietane KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes KW - isocupressic acid KW - 1909-91-7 KW - abietic acid KW - V3DHX33184 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carboxylic Acids -- poisoning KW - Animals KW - Ruminants -- physiology KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes -- poisoning KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Phenanthrenes -- poisoning KW - Diterpenes -- poisoning KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Plants -- poisoning KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Abortifacient Agents -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69647174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Ponderosa+pine+and+broom+snakeweed%3A+poisonous+plants+that+affect+livestock.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+D+R%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BPfister%2C+J+A%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pathogenesis and toxicokinetics of locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) poisoning in livestock. AN - 69644135; 10091126 AB - Locoweed poisoning is a chronic disease that develops in livestock grazing for several weeks on certain Astragalus and Oxytropis spp. that contain the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. The purpose of this review is to present recent research on swainsonine toxicokinetics and locoweed-induced clinical and histologic lesions. Swainsonine inhibits cellular mannosidases resulting in lysosomal storage disease similar to genetic mannosidosis. Diagnosis of clinical poisoning is generally made by documenting exposure, identifying the neurologic signs, and analyzing serum for alpha-mannosidase activity and swainsonine. All tissues of poisoned animals contained swainsonine, and the clearance rates from most tissues was about 20 hours (T1/2 half life). The liver and kidney had longer rate of about 60 hours (T1/2). This suggests that poisoned animals should be allowed a 28-day withdrawal to insure complete swainsonine clearance. Poisoning results in vacuolation of most tissues that is most obvious in neurons and epithelial cells. Most of these histologic lesions resolved shortly after poisoning is discontinued; however, some neurologic changes are irreversible and permanent. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner, D R AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Pfister, J A AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 35 EP - 45 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Mannosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animals, Domestic -- physiology KW - Half-Life KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Epithelial Cells -- pathology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Swainsonine -- blood KW - alpha-Mannosidosis -- genetics KW - Swainsonine -- pharmacology KW - Mannosidases -- blood KW - alpha-Mannosidosis -- veterinary KW - Plants -- toxicity KW - Mannosidases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Poisoning -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69644135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=The+pathogenesis+and+toxicokinetics+of+locoweed+%28Astragalus+and+Oxytropis+spp.%29+poisoning+in+livestock.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BPfister%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic alcohol intake interferes with retinoid metabolism and signaling. AN - 69626014; 10079703 AB - Chronic and excessive ethanol consumption is associated with cellular proliferation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer of the liver. The critical event in early alcohol-induced hepatic injury is an alcohol-induced activation (cell proliferation and increased fibrogenesis) of hepatic stellate cells. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol causes proliferative activation in hepatic stellate cells have not been identified. An important characteristic of alcohol-induced injury is impaired vitamin A nutritional status. The demonstration that retinoic acid is the most physiologically active derivative of vitamin A and the discovery of retinoic acid receptors provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the actions of vitamin A and alcohol on hepatic cell proliferation. Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic alcohol intake can reduce hepatic retinoic acid concentrations, diminish retinoid signaling, and enhance activator protein-1 (AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos)) expression in rat liver. These are the possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms whereby ethanol ingestion results in hepatic stellate cell proliferative activation and hepatic fibrogenesis. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Wang, X D AD - Tufts University School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - 0 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Liver Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic -- metabolism KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic -- etiology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Alcoholism -- metabolism KW - Vitamin A -- physiology KW - Vitamin A -- metabolism KW - Alcoholism -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69626014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Chronic+alcohol+intake+interferes+with+retinoid+metabolism+and+signaling.&rft.au=Wang%2C+X+D&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of gram-positive bacteria in reconditioned, pork-processing plant water. AN - 69589618; 10030641 AB - This study investigated the responses of Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus aureus (196E), and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in water from a local meat-processing plant. Each bacterium was added to a starting count of 3 log10 CFU/ml and held from 5 to 28 degrees C. At intervals (0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days), aliquots were plated on appropriate selective agars. In contrast to the gram-negative bacteria studied previously and which grew, the three gram-positive bacteria survived with some slight increase in number in only nonchlorinated, reconditioned water, either filtered (0.22 microm pore size) or nonfiltered. The presence of chlorine in either potable or reconditioned water contributed to the rapid decline in viable counts for all three bacteria. These results further emphasize the importance of residual chlorine in preventing the growth of these gram-positive bacteria in potable and reconditioned waters. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Palumbo, S A AU - Pickard, A AU - Call, J E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. spalumbo@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 194 EP - 197 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Micropore Filters KW - Animals KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Swine KW - Meat KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Food Handling KW - Water Microbiology KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69589618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Fate+of+gram-positive+bacteria+in+reconditioned%2C+pork-processing+plant+water.&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+S+A%3BPickard%2C+A%3BCall%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of starch-poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) bioplastic in tropical coastal waters. AN - 69573000; 9925564 AB - Extruded bioplastic was prepared from cornstarch or poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) or blends of cornstarch and PHBV. The blended formulations contained 30 or 50% starch in the presence or absence of polyethylene oxide (PEO), which enhances adherence of starch granules to PHBV. Degradation of these formulations was monitored for 1 year at four stations in coastal water southwest of Puerto Rico. Two stations were within a mangrove stand. The other two were offshore; one of these stations was on a shallow shoulder of a reef, and the other was at a location in deeper water. Microbial enumeration at the four stations revealed considerable flux in the populations over the course of the year. However, in general, the overall population densities were 1 order of magnitude less at the deeper-water station than at the other stations. Starch degraders were 10- to 50-fold more prevalent than PHBV degraders at all of the stations. Accordingly, degradation of the bioplastic, as determined by weight loss and deterioration of tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present (100% starch >50% starch > 30% starch > 100% PHBV). Incorporation of PEO into blends slightly retarded the rate of degradation. The rate of loss of starch from the 100% starch samples was about 2%/day, while the rate of loss of PHBV from the 100% PHBV samples was about 0.1%/day. Biphasic weight loss was observed for the starch-PHBV blends at all of the stations. A predictive mathematical model for loss of individual polymers from a 30% starch-70% PHBV formulation was developed and experimentally validated. The model showed that PHBV degradation was delayed 50 days until more than 80% of the starch was consumed and predicted that starch and PHBV in the blend had half-lives of 19 and 158 days, respectively. Consistent with the relatively low microbial populations, bioplastic degradation at the deeper-water station exhibited an initial lag period, after which degradation rates comparable to the degradation rates at the other stations were observed. Presumably, significant biodegradation occurred only after colonization of the plastic, a parameter that was dependent on the resident microbial populations. Therefore, it can be reasonably inferred that extended degradation lags would occur in open ocean water where microbes are sparse. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Imam, S H AU - Gordon, S H AU - Shogren, R L AU - Tosteson, T R AU - Govind, N S AU - Greene, R V AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Polyesters KW - 0 KW - poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate) KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Puerto Rico KW - Seawater KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Polyesters -- metabolism KW - Starch -- metabolism KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69573000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+starch-poly%28beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate%29+bioplastic+in+tropical+coastal+waters.&rft.au=Imam%2C+S+H%3BGordon%2C+S+H%3BShogren%2C+R+L%3BTosteson%2C+T+R%3BGovind%2C+N+S%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biomaterials. 1989 Aug;10(6):400-12 [2478203] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Apr;59(4):1242-6 [8476296] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 1;89(3):839-42 [1736301] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin content in masa and tortillas from Mexico. AN - 69275496; 10563942 AB - Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum, are found in maize worldwide and have been associated with animal diseases. There is concern that high dietary intake of a maize-based diet may expose people in Mexico and Central America to fumonisins. Nixtamalized maize products from Mexico and the United States were examined to evaluate methods for quantitation of the different forms of fumonisins. The chelating reagent EDTA (exceeding the calcium concentration by a factor of 1. 36) was added to enhance extraction of fumonisins because calcium remained in the samples as a result of processing. It was expected that the majority of the fumonisin detected would be in the hydrolyzed form, yet the highest level of hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) detected was 0.1 ppm. The amount of fumonisin B(1) was significantly higher in Mexican samples (mean = 0.79 ppm) than in samples purchased in the United States (mean = 0.16 ppm). JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Dvorak, T J AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. dombrink@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 622 EP - 627 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Food Analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Flour -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69275496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+content+in+masa+and+tortillas+from+Mexico.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BDvorak%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of Plio-Pleistocene petrocalcic horizons in West Texas AN - 52436612; 1999-062593 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Casby-Horton, Susan M AU - Allen, B L AU - Cano-Garcia, M A AU - Rolong, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 4 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - cycles KW - degradation KW - erosion KW - landforms KW - climate change KW - Cenozoic KW - sedimentary rocks KW - sediments KW - thickness KW - horizons KW - chemical composition KW - pisolites KW - soils KW - breccia KW - Quaternary KW - micromorphology KW - West Texas KW - Texas KW - weathering KW - Tertiary KW - precipitation KW - Neogene KW - Pliocene KW - Pleistocene KW - landscapes KW - clastic rocks KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52436612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+Plio-Pleistocene+petrocalcic+horizons+in+West+Texas&rft.au=Casby-Horton%2C+Susan+M%3BAllen%2C+B+L%3BCano-Garcia%2C+M+A%3BRolong%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Casby-Horton&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 33rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breccia; Cenozoic; chemical composition; clastic rocks; climate change; cycles; degradation; erosion; horizons; landforms; landscapes; micromorphology; Neogene; pisolites; Pleistocene; Pliocene; precipitation; Quaternary; sedimentary rocks; sediments; soils; Tertiary; Texas; thickness; United States; weathering; West Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Telephone Flat geothermal development project; final environmental impact statement; environmental impact report; comments and responses to comments AN - 51098541; 2008-004822 JF - DOE/EIS (U. S. Department of Energy. Environmental Impact Statement) AU - Sharp, Randall M Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 920 PB - U. S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC KW - United States KW - Siskiyou County California KW - geologic hazards KW - regulations KW - public policy KW - geothermal wells KW - impact statements KW - power plants KW - recreation KW - environmental analysis KW - air pollution KW - environmental management KW - California KW - energy sources KW - ecology KW - construction KW - water use KW - forests KW - Modoc County California KW - human activity KW - damage KW - pollution KW - Telephone Flat Field KW - geothermal energy KW - habitat KW - geothermal fields KW - risk assessment KW - economics KW - water resources KW - land use KW - public health KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51098541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sharp%2C+Randall+M&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Telephone+Flat+geothermal+development+project%3B+final+environmental+impact+statement%3B+environmental+impact+report%3B+comments+and+responses+to+comments&rft.title=Telephone+Flat+geothermal+development+project%3B+final+environmental+impact+statement%3B+environmental+impact+report%3B+comments+and+responses+to+comments&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/894161-og5W8v/894161.PDF LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 300 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 101 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04198 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; California; construction; damage; ecology; economics; energy sources; environmental analysis; environmental management; forests; geologic hazards; geothermal energy; geothermal fields; geothermal wells; habitat; human activity; impact statements; land use; Modoc County California; pollution; power plants; public health; public policy; recreation; regulations; risk assessment; Siskiyou County California; Telephone Flat Field; United States; water resources; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerically Exploring Habitat Fragmentation Effects on Populations Using Cell-Based Coupled Map Lattices AN - 18413697; 5399495 AB - We examine habitat size, shape, and arrangement effects on populations using a discrete reaction-diffusion model. Diffusion is modeled passively and applied to a cellular grid of territories forming a coupled map lattice. Dispersal mortality is proportional to the amount of nonhabitat and fully occupied habitat surrounding a given cell, with distance decay. After verifying that our model produces the results expected for single patches of uniform habitat, we investigate heterogeneous and fragmented model landscapes. In heterogeneous single-patch systems near critical patch size, populations approach Gaussian spatial distributions with total population constrained by the capacity of the most limiting cell. In fragmented habitat landscapes, threshold effects are more complex and parametrically sensitive. The results from our experiments suggest the following: the ability to achieve persistence in hyperdispersed patchy habitats by adding similarly fragmented patches requires meeting threshold reproduction rates; persistent metapopulations in which no local population is individually persistent appear when dispersal distances and reproduction rates are both high, but only within narrow parameter ranges that are close to extinction thresholds; successful use of stepping-stone patches to support metapopulation systems appears unlikely for passively diffusing species; elongated patches offer early colonization advantages, but blocky patches offer greater population resilience near extinction thresholds. A common theme running through our findings is that population viability estimates may depend on our ability to determine when population and habitat systems are approaching extinction threshold conditions. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Theoretical Population Biology AU - Bevers, M AU - Flather, CH AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, mbevers@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 61 EP - 76 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA, [mailto:apsubs@acad.com] VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0040-5809, 0040-5809 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+Population+Biology&rft.atitle=Numerically+Exploring+Habitat+Fragmentation+Effects+on+Populations+Using+Cell-Based+Coupled+Map+Lattices&rft.au=Bevers%2C+M%3BFlather%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Bevers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+Population+Biology&rft.issn=00405809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftpbi.1998.1392 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.1998.1392 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The establishment of Heliothine cell lines and their susceptibility to two baculoviruses AN - 17575884; 4489159 AB - A total of eight cell lines were established from Helicoverpa armigera (3) and H. punctigera (5) embryos and ovaries. Cell lines were established and grown in TC100 and/or TC199-MK containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The serum-free medium ExCell 400 was also used, with and without 10% supplemental fetal bovine serum, but failed to generate cell lines from fat bodies, embryos, or ovarian tissues. Cell lines consisted of heterogenous cell types ranging from oval to fibroblast-like. This is the first report on the successful establishment of cell lines from H. punctigera. Cell lines from the two species were distinguishable from each other by DAF-PCR, and noticeable differences in minor bands were observed among cell lines from the same species. All of the established cell lines from both species were susceptible to HzSNPV but did not replicate more virus than that of a H. zea cell line (BCIRL-HZ-AM1-A11). However, an H. punctigera cell line (HP1) replicated AcMNPV to the highest titer (1.0 X 10 super(8) 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml), and only one of the H. armigera cell lines (HA1) was susceptible to this virus. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - McIntosh, AH AU - Christian, P D AU - Grasela, J J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 94 EP - 97 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Helicoverpa armigera KW - Media KW - Fat body KW - Pathogenicity KW - Serum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Cell lines KW - Ovaries KW - Noctuidae KW - Helicoverpa punctigera KW - Baculovirus KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W2 32230:New cell lines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17575884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=The+establishment+of+Heliothine+cell+lines+and+their+susceptibility+to+two+baculoviruses&rft.au=McIntosh%2C+AH%3BChristian%2C+P+D%3BGrasela%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa punctigera; Helicoverpa armigera; Baculovirus; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Noctuidae; Cell lines; Serum; Media; Ovaries; Fat body; Polymerase chain reaction; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root and shoot responses of Taxodium distichum seedlings subjected to saline flooding AN - 17442916; 4658596 AB - Saltwater intrusion into coastal swamp forests along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana, USA, is responsible for the wide-spread destruction of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum and water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) communities. Variation among progeny of five half-sib family collections of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from three freshwater and two brackish-water seed sources subjected to saline flooding was evaluated. Mini-rhizotrons (slant tubes) were used to monitor root elongation for a period of 99 days. Salinity level produced significant effects across all baldcypress half-sib families, with root elongation averaging 1594.0, 956.8, and 382.1 mm, respectively, for the 0, 4, and 6 g l super(-1) treatments. Combined mean root elongation for families from brackish-water seed sources was greater (1236.7 mm) than for families from freshwater seed sources (794.6 mm). Considerable variation occurred at the highest salinity treatment, however, with one freshwater family maintaining more than 28% more root growth than the average of the two brackish-water collections. Hence, results indicate that short-term evaluation of root elongation at these salinity concentrations may not be a reliable method for salt tolerance screening of baldcypress. Species-level effects for height and diameter, which were measured at day 62, were significant for both parameters. Height increment in the control (7.4 cm), for example, was approximately five times greater than height increment in the 6 g l super(-1) salinity treatment (1.5 cm). Family-level variation was significant only for diameter, which had an incremental range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm across all salinity levels. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Krauss, K W AU - Chambers, J L AU - Allen, JA AU - Luse, B P AU - DeBosier, A S AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, kkrauss/psw_ipif@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 15 EP - 23 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - Baldcypress KW - Nyssa aquatica KW - Taxodium distichum KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Louisiana, Gulf Coast KW - Water tupelo KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Tolerance KW - Trees KW - Coastal Waters KW - Physiology KW - Roots KW - Salinity tolerance KW - Rare species KW - Saline intrusion KW - Growth KW - Salinity KW - Plant physiology KW - Flooding KW - Seedlings KW - Saline Water Intrusion KW - Swamps KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17442916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Root+and+shoot+responses+of+Taxodium+distichum+seedlings+subjected+to+saline+flooding&rft.au=Krauss%2C+K+W%3BChambers%2C+J+L%3BAllen%2C+JA%3BLuse%2C+B+P%3BDeBosier%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant physiology; Roots; Rare species; Salinity tolerance; Saline intrusion; Salinity; Physiology; Flooding; Seedlings; Experimental Data; Tolerance; Growth; Trees; Coastal Waters; Saline Water Intrusion; Swamps; ASW, USA, Louisiana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Agriculture: Assessing Recent Evidence AN - 17437229; 4654156 AB - Recent studies estimate potential economic impacts of climate change on U.S. agriculture. While results are not directly comparable, several "big picture" lessons can be drawn. These broader findings are developed and put into a policy context. While the estimated impacts on U.S. agriculture, and the U.S. economy, do not yet justify costly adaptation or mitigation strategies, some regional and environmental impacts could be quite severe. Current policy efforts should focus on reducing climate change uncertainties and increasing farm sector flexibility. From a national perspective, future agreements to limit greenhouse gas emissions could be partially met through adjustments of farm practices. JF - Land Economics AU - Lewandrowski, J AU - Schimmelpfennig, D AD - Resource Economics Division of the Economic Research Service (U.S. Department of Agriculture) Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 39 EP - 57 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0023-7639, 0023-7639 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Agriculture KW - Climatic changes KW - Economics KW - Government policies KW - Environmental impact KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17437229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+Implications+of+Climate+Change+for+U.S.+Agriculture%3A+Assessing+Recent+Evidence&rft.au=Lewandrowski%2C+J%3BSchimmelpfennig%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lewandrowski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+Economics&rft.issn=00237639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Government policies; Environmental impact; Greenhouse gases; Climatic changes; Economics; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating water management and re-use: causes for concern? AN - 17390903; 4611112 AB - As the population continues to increase demand and competition for water, management of water resources has to become increasingly integrated, and a holistic approach is needed in order to reach the best strategies and solutions. As an example, water supply management must also include demand management in order to check if conservation (more efficient use) and similar measures, such as water transfers to uses with higher economic returns or other benefits, water pricing, recycling and reuse, can help achieve more economical solutions to water shortages. JF - Water Quality International AU - Bouwer, H AU - Fox, P AU - Westerhoff, P AU - Drewes, J AD - USDA-ARS US Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 19 SN - 0892-211X, 0892-211X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Reuse KW - Resource management KW - Water Management KW - Water conservation KW - Water Supply KW - Reuse (see also Reclamation, Recycling) KW - Water resources KW - Economic Aspects KW - Water Resources Management KW - Population dynamics KW - Recycling KW - Water supplies KW - Water Transfer KW - Economics KW - Planning KW - Water shortage KW - Droughts KW - Water Demand KW - Water transport KW - Water reuse KW - Water demand (see also Water consumption) KW - Water management KW - Water Shortage KW - Conservation KW - Human factors KW - Benefits KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09401:General KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4040:Water demand UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Quality+International&rft.atitle=Integrating+water+management+and+re-use%3A+causes+for+concern%3F&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H%3BFox%2C+P%3BWesterhoff%2C+P%3BDrewes%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Quality+International&rft.issn=0892211X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water management; Planning; Water resources; Droughts; Resource management; Water conservation; Economics; Human factors; Recycling; Population dynamics; Water reuse; Water demand (see also Water consumption); Water transport; Reuse (see also Reclamation, Recycling); Water shortage; Water supplies; Water Reuse; Water Management; Water Transfer; Water Demand; Water Shortage; Water Supply; Conservation; Economic Aspects; Water Resources Management; Benefits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying satellite imagery to triage assessment of ecosystem health AN - 17370289; 4527656 AB - Considerable evidence documents that certain changes in vegetation and soils result in irreversibly degraded rangeland ecosystems. We used Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery to develop calibration patterns of change in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the growing season for selected sites for which we had ground data and historical data characterizing these sites as irreversibly degraded. We used the NDVI curves for these training sites to classify and map the irreversibly degraded rangelands in southern New Mexico. We composited images into four year blocks: 1988-1991, 1989-1992, and 1990-1993. The overlap in pixels classified as irreversibly degraded ranged from 42.6% to 84.3% in year block comparisons. Quantitative data on vegetation composition and cover were collected at 13 sites within a small portion of the study area. Wide coverage reconnaissance of boundaries between vegetation types was also conducted for comparisons with year block maps. The year block 1988-1991 provided the most accurate delineation of degraded areas. The rangelands of southern New Mexico experienced above average precipitation from 1990-1993. The above average precipitation resulted in spatially variable productivity of ephemeral weedy plants on the training sites and degraded rangelands which resulted in much smaller areas classified as irreversibly degraded. We selected imagery for a single year, 1989, which was characterized by the absence of spring annual plant production in order to eliminate the confounding effect of reflectance from annual weeds. That image analysis classified more than 20% of the rangelands as irreversibly degraded because areas with shrub-grass mosaic were included in the degraded classification. The single year image included more than double the area classified as irreversibly degraded by the year blocks. AVHRR imagery can be used to make triage assessments of irreversibly degraded rangeland but such assessment requires understanding productivity patterns and variability across the landscapes of the region and careful selection of the years from which imagery is chosen. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Eve, MD AU - Whitford, W G AU - Havstadt, K M AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Dept. 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA, washitfo@nmsu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 205 EP - 227 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental degradation KW - Rangelands KW - Vegetation changes KW - Satellites KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Applying+satellite+imagery+to+triage+assessment+of+ecosystem+health&rft.au=Eve%2C+MD%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BHavstadt%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Eve&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005876220078 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellites; Environmental degradation; Vegetation changes; Rangelands DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005876220078 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Rosgen's streambank erosion potential assessment in northeast Oklahoma AN - 17368475; 4566623 AB - In this study three components of the Rosgen Level III Stream Reach Condition Assessment were tested for their ability to predict short-term erosion rates. Rosgen's bank erosion potential (BEP) ratings and near bank stress (NBS) estimates and the Pfankuch channel stability ratings were evaluated. Thirty-six banks with a range of BEP ratings and NBS estimates were selected on the 101 km Upper Illinois River in northeast Oklahoma. The Upper Illinois River is a meandering, gravel-dominated, riffle/pool channel. Cumulative erosion data measured with bank pins after four 2.0 to 2.5-year return period flows from September 1996 to July 1997 were used in the analyses. When integrated as indicated in Rosgen (1996), the BEP indices and NBS estimates were poor predictors of bank erosion. Individually, the grouped BEP ratings and Pfankuch ratings performed relatively well compared to grouped NBS estimates in predicting erosion; however, the variability of erosion was large within each rating group. Linear regression between erosion and BEP numerical indices and Pfankuch scores was significant ( alpha = 0.05), but variability was high (illustrated by low r super(2) values). Regression between erosion and NBS estimates was not significant. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Harmel, R D AU - Haan, C T AU - Dutnell, R C AD - USDA-ARS, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502, USA, dharmel@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 113 EP - 122 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Prediction KW - Regression Analysis KW - Meanders KW - Erosion KW - Geomorphology KW - River banks KW - Bank Erosion KW - Erosion Rates KW - River Banks KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17368475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Rosgen%27s+streambank+erosion+potential+assessment+in+northeast+Oklahoma&rft.au=Harmel%2C+R+D%3BHaan%2C+C+T%3BDutnell%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Harmel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Erosion; River banks; Channels; Regression Analysis; Meanders; Geomorphology; Bank Erosion; Erosion Rates; River Banks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Evaluation of Alternative Management Practices and Reclaimed Water for Turfgrass Systems AN - 17364942; 4586134 AB - The use of reclaimed water for turfgrass irrigation is being implemented to conserve potable water supplies. Reclaimed water coupled with alternative management strategies may reduce offsite loadings of fertilizers and pesticides. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) water quality model was used to evaluate alternative management practices and reclaimed water for a southern turfgrass system. One green and fairway were modeled for a 65-yr period of climatic record with four treatments. Specifically, the treatments were normal water normal management (NWNM), normal water reduced management (NWRM), reclaimed water normal management (RWNM), and reclaimed water reduced management (RWRM). Surface and subsurface nitrate (NO sub(3)-N), fenamiphos (ethyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl (1-methylethyl)phosphoramidate), and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) losses were evaluated. Significant differences were predicted in NO sub(3)-N runoff and leachate losses from green management. Mean annual NO sub(3)-N losses from runoff were 2.85 kg ha super(-1) (NWNM) and 2.05 kg ha super(-1) (RWRM). Significant reductions in mean annual surface and subsurface NO sub(3)-N losses from fairway conditions were simulated when comparing NWNM (5.11 kg ha super(-1) surface; 1.68 kg ha super(-1) subsurface) to RWRM (2.69 kg ha super(-1) surface; 0.90 kg ha super(-1) subsurface). The cited differences in NO sub(3)-N losses in runoff and leachate from green and fairway conditions were attributed primarily to irrigation strategies and excess rainfall. Predicted average annual pesticide recovery in runoff and leachate was <0.01% of applied and no significant differences were predicted with respect to treatments. This modeling strategy provides valuable insight into the relative efficacy of implementing reduced management practices for turfgrass systems. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - King, K W AU - Balogh, J C AD - USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA, king@brcsun0.tamu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 187 EP - 193 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - turfgrass KW - EPIC KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Water Management KW - Grasses KW - Evaluation KW - Fertilizers KW - Nitrates KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Irrigation KW - Water Conservation KW - Water reuse KW - Model Studies KW - Turf Grasses KW - Water management KW - Pesticides KW - Leachates KW - Runoff KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17364942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Modeling+Evaluation+of+Alternative+Management+Practices+and+Reclaimed+Water+for+Turfgrass+Systems&rft.au=King%2C+K+W%3BBalogh%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Turf Grasses; Nitrates; Pesticides; Model Studies; Runoff; Leachates; Water Management; Prediction; Water Conservation; Wastewater Irrigation; Grasses; Irrigation; Water management; Water reuse; Fertilizers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tributary Stream Infiltration as a Source of Herbicides in an Alluvial Aquifer AN - 17364901; 4586122 AB - Where Walnut Creek flows across the South Skunk River alluvial aquifer, it provides a potential source of herbicides and herbicide metabolites. This straightened reach of the creek loses water and dissolved contaminants to the alluvial aquifer through a layer of finegrained flood plain deposits. Estimates of potential flux of chemicals were based on measurements taken during baseflow in April 1994 before herbicides were applied to the watershed and in June 1994 after chemical application and when stream discharge included runoff and tile-drainage water. Hydraulic head measurements between the creek and flood plain deposits and between the creek and aquifer confirmed the potential for downward groundwater flow during both sampling periods. Hydraulic conductivity estimates from slug tests were used to calculate an average linear groundwater velocity of 0.5 m d super(-1) in the fine-grained flood plain deposits. At this velocity, contaminants could be advectively transported to the aquifer within 6 d. The potential for atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropyl-amino-s-triazine) flux to the aquifer from the creek was estimated to be between 60 and 3000 mu g d super(-1) m super(-2). This rate is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the estimated flux via leaching beneath a typical field. If the process of vertical stream leakage occurs in many hydrologic settings, it may constitute a substantial source of herbicides to shallow alluvial aquifers in many areas of the Midwest. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burkart, M R AU - Simpkins, W W AU - Squillace, P J AU - Helmke, M AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA, burkart@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Iowa, Walnut Creek KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aquifers KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pollution dispersion KW - USA, Midwest KW - Metabolites KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Streams KW - Alluvial deposits KW - Hydrology KW - Tributaries KW - Rivers KW - Herbicides KW - Flood plains KW - Atrazine KW - Infiltration KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Alluvial Aquifers KW - Groundwater KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17364901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Tributary+Stream+Infiltration+as+a+Source+of+Herbicides+in+an+Alluvial+Aquifer&rft.au=Burkart%2C+M+R%3BSimpkins%2C+W+W%3BSquillace%2C+P+J%3BHelmke%2C+M&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Flood plains; Agricultural pollution; Pollution dispersion; Groundwater pollution; Herbicides; Tributaries; Alluvial deposits; Aquifers; Atrazine; Infiltration; Hydrology; Water quality; Groundwater; Watersheds; Streams; Water Pollution Sources; Groundwater Pollution; Metabolites; Alluvial Aquifers; Permeability Coefficient; USA, Midwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In-Stream Wetland Mitigation of Nitrogen Contamination in a USA Coastal Plain Stream AN - 17364302; 4586139 AB - Nonpoint source N from riverine origin is a major water quality problem throughout the world. Nitrogen removal from a contaminated (6.6 mg L super(-1), NO sub(3)-N) stream was evaluated in this study using an instream wetland (ISW). The ISW was established at the exit of a 425-ha USDA Water Quality Demonstration watershed in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. It ranged in depth from about 0.2 to 2 m, and it was <1% (3.3 ha) the size of the watershed. The ISW dramatically lowered mean stream NO sub(3)-N from 6.6 to 2.0 mg L super(-1). Nitrate-N mass removal was highly correlated to inflow NO sub(3)-N (r = 0.93) in the warmer months when biological processes were more active. Ammonia-N mass removal was opposite that of NO sub(3)-N. It was highly correlated to inflow NH sub(3)-N (r = 0.81) during the cooler months. Removal of both NO sub(3)-N and total-N (NO sub(3)-N + TKN) were positively correlated to temperature with r values of 0.77 and 0.62, respectively. Total annual N removal for the ISW was approximately 3 kg ha super(-1)d super(-1), which was about 37% of the inflow N. The ISWs appear to be very good landscape features for mitigating excess nonpoint source N in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA. As such, they are a good complement to other best management practices for improved water quality. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Hunt, P G AU - Stone, K C AU - Humenik, F J AU - Matheny, T A AU - Johnson, M H AD - USDA-ARS, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, hunt@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 249 EP - 256 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, North Carolina, Coastal Plain KW - coastal plains KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coastal Plains KW - Decontamination KW - Nitrogen Removal KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Stream Pollution KW - Wetlands KW - Water Quality Control KW - River basin management KW - Nitrates KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality control KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Coastal zone KW - Environment management KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17364302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=In-Stream+Wetland+Mitigation+of+Nitrogen+Contamination+in+a+USA+Coastal+Plain+Stream&rft.au=Hunt%2C+P+G%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Nitrates; Water pollution treatment; Wetlands; Watersheds; River basin management; Environment management; Nitrogen; Water pollution control; Nitrogen removal; Coastal zone; Decontamination; Streams; Coastal Plains; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Correlation Analysis; Stream Pollution; Water Quality Control; Nitrogen Removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between Phosphorus Levels in Three Ultisols and Phosphorus Concentrations in Runoff AN - 17364288; 4586132 AB - Soils that contain high P levels can become a primary source of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in runoff, and thus contribute to accelerated eutrophication of surface waters. In a previous study on Captina soil, several soil test P (STP) methods gave results that were significantly correlated to DRP levels in runoff, but distilled H sub(2)O and NH sub(4)-oxalate methods gave the best correlations. Because results might differ on other soils, runoff studies were conducted on three additional Ultisols to identify the most consistent STP method for predicting runoff DRP levels, and determine effects of site hydrology on correlations between STP and runoff DRP concentrations. Surface soil (0-2 cm depth) of pasture plots was analyzed by Mehlich III, Olsen, Morgan, Bray-Kurtz P1, NH sub(4)-oxalate, and distilled H sub(2)O methods. Also, P saturation of each soil was determined by three different methods. Simulated rain (75 mm h super(-1)) produced 30 min of runoff from each plot. All correlations of STP to runoff DRP were significant (P 0.90) on all three soils. For a given level of H sub(2)O-extractable STP, low runoff volumes coincided with low DRP concentrations. Therefore, when each DRP concentration was divided by volume of plot runoff, correlations to H sub(2)O-extractable STP had the same (P < 0.05) regression line for every soil. This suggests the importance of site hydrology in determining P loss in runoff, and may provide a means of developing a single relationship for a range of soil series. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Pote, D H AU - Daniel, T C AU - Nichols, D J AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Miller, D M AU - Edwards AD - USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res. Center, 6883 South State Hwy. 23, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, dpote@ag.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 170 EP - 175 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Regression Analysis KW - Eutrophication KW - Surface water KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Soils KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Hydrology KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Water pollution KW - Analytical techniques KW - Soil Types KW - Soil Tests KW - Phosphorus Removal KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17364288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+Phosphorus+Levels+in+Three+Ultisols+and+Phosphorus+Concentrations+in+Runoff&rft.au=Pote%2C+D+H%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BNichols%2C+D+J%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BMoore%2C+PA+Jr%3BMiller%2C+D+M%3BEdwards&rft.aulast=Pote&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Surface water; Eutrophication; Pollution dispersion; Analytical techniques; Soils; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Soil; Runoff; Prediction; Regression Analysis; Soil Types; Correlation Analysis; Soil Tests; Phosphorus Removal; Simulated Rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-Scale Metolachlor Volatilization Flux Estimates from Broadcast and Banded Application Methods in Central Iowa AN - 17363913; 4586123 AB - Volatilization of pesticides has been considered to be a large part of the loss from fields after application; however, there have been relatively few studies conducted to quantify the amount lost to the atmosphere. This study was designed to evaluate volatilization rates of a preemergent herbicide Dual [a.i. metolachlor 2.24 kg ha super(-1) (2-chloro-N- (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N- (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamide)] from two fields (175 and 45 ha) in central Iowa under contrasting tillage operations and pesticide application scenarios. Metolachlor vapor was trapped using polyurethane foam plugs at six heights on a profile mast. Average concentrations were measured at each height every 2 h for the first 4 d after application, then every 4 h thereafter. Volatilization rates were calculated with a flux-gradient technique using data from Bowen ratio and eddy correlation measurements. Flux profile concentrations of metolachlor were large during the first 24 h and quickly declined for the duration of the study. There was approximately a threefold greater cumulative volatilization loss of applied metolachlor from the broadcast (22%) treatment than from the banded treatment (6%) for the 10-d study period. Metolachlor volatilization was affected by residue cover, spatial concentration on the surface, and timing of precipitation. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Prueger, J H AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Sauer, T J AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA, prueger@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Iowa KW - metolachlor KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Soil KW - Air pollution KW - Vaporization KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pesticides KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Volatile compounds KW - Herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17363913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Field-Scale+Metolachlor+Volatilization+Flux+Estimates+from+Broadcast+and+Banded+Application+Methods+in+Central+Iowa&rft.au=Prueger%2C+J+H%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BSauer%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Prueger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaporization; Air pollution; Agricultural pollution; Pollution dispersion; Volatile compounds; Herbicides; Soil; Pesticides; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Quality in Walnut Creek Watershed: Herbicides and Nitrate in Surface Waters AN - 17362416; 4586120 AB - There is a lack of quantitative information describing the impact of farming on water quality at the watershed scale. This study documents the surface water quality of Walnut Creek--a 5130-ha watershed with about 86% of the land used for crop production. Starting in 1990, flow and concentrations of NO sub(3)-N and four herbicides--atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N theta -(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-diethylphenyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)- one], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) - N - (2 -methoxy -1-methylethyl)acetamide]--were measured at eight locations. Nitrate-N concentrations often exceeded 10 mg L super(-1) during May, June, and July. Total losses from the watershed ranged from 4 to 66 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) and represented 6 to 115% of the N applied as fertilizer in any year. Atrazine and metolachlor were detected at concentrations >0.2 mu g L super(-1) in about half of all water samples, while alachlor and metribuzin were seldom detected. Median concentrations for atrazine and metolachlor were below 1 mu g L super(-1) for all locations within the watershed. During runoff events, herbicide concentrations in the stream increased while NO sub(3)-N concentrations decreased. Yearly losses from the watershed ranged from 0.2 to 7.5 g ha super(-1) for atrazine and from 0.3 to 6.7 g ha super(-1) for metolachlor. These losses represent 0.18 to 5.6% of the atrazine and 0.047 to 1.6% of the metolachlor applied in any year. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Jaynes, D B AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Meek, D W AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA, jaynes@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 45 EP - 59 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Iowa KW - USA, Iowa, Walnut Creek KW - alachlor KW - metolachlor KW - metribuzin KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Surface water KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Water Sampling KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Surface Water KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Fertilizers KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Nitrates KW - Herbicides KW - Farming KW - Land use KW - Atrazine KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17362416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Water+Quality+in+Walnut+Creek+Watershed%3A+Herbicides+and+Nitrate+in+Surface+Waters&rft.au=Jaynes%2C+D+B%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BMeek%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Jaynes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Nitrates; Surface water; Agricultural pollution; Pollution dispersion; Herbicides; Land use; Agriculture; Atrazine; Water quality; Watersheds; Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Water Pollution Sources; Water Sampling; Agricultural Watersheds; Surface Water; Farming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between soil aggregation and mycorrhizae as influenced by soil biota and nitrogen nutrition AN - 17324573; 4591809 AB - The effect of the form of N nutrition on soil stability is an important consideration for the management of sustainable agricultural systems. We grew soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants in pot cultures in unsterilized soil, and treated them by (1) inoculating them with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, fertilizing with (2) nitrate or (3) ammonia, or (4) by providing only minimum N amendment for the controls. The soils were sampled at 3-week intervals to determine changes in water-stable soil aggregates (WSA), soil pH, the development of roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) soil and root colonization, and selected functional groups of soil bacteria. The soil fauna was assayed at the end of the experiment (9 weeks). WSA was correlated positively with root and AM soil mycelium development, but negatively with total bacterial counts. Soil arthropod (Collembola) numbers were negatively correlated with AM hyphal length. Soils of nodulated and ammonia-fertilized plants had the highest levels of WSA and the lowest pH at week 9. Sparse root development in the soils of the N-deficient, control plants indicated that WSA formation was primarily influenced by AM hyphae. The ratio of bacterial counts in the water-stable versus water-unstable soil fractions increased for the first 6 weeks and then declined, while counts of anaerobic bacteria increased with increasing WSA. The numbers of soil invertebrates (nematodes) and protozoans did not correlate with bacterial counts or AM soil-hyphal lengths. Soil pH did not affect mycorrhiza development, but actinomycete counts declined with decreasing soil pH. AM fungi and roots interacted as the factors that affect soil aggregation, regardless of N nutrition. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AU - Cantrell, I C AU - Mihara, K L AU - Schreiner, R P AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1999/02/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 01 SP - 356 EP - 363 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - aggregation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Soil KW - Nitrogen KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17324573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+soil+aggregation+and+mycorrhizae+as+influenced+by+soil+biota+and+nitrogen+nutrition&rft.au=Bethlenfalvay%2C+G+J%3BCantrell%2C+I+C%3BMihara%2C+K+L%3BSchreiner%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Bethlenfalvay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs003740050504 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Soil microorganisms; Mycorrhizas; Nitrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050504 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Independent Scientific Review in Natural Resources Management: A Recent Example from the Tongass Land Management Plan AN - 17306091; 4571107 AB - The Society for Conservation Biology recently commissioned a paper on "Independent Scientific Review in Natural Resource Management" (Meffe et al. 1998). We read this publication with considerable interest, because our experience as scientists participating in development of the Land Management Plan for the Tongass National Forest (the largest national forest in the United States at 6.85 million hectares) led us to a similar conclusion over two years ago--there was a strong need for a rigorous evaluation of the use of scientific information in this highly controversial (Williams 1995) and still contentious (Durbin 1998) Land Management Plan (USDA Forest Service 1997). It is questionable if one could have found a more provocative land management situation to attempt such a scientific review. The Tongass has been a focus of often intense social, political, and ecological debate for over 40 years as this largely unaltered temperate rainforest contains abundant timber, wildlife, fish, mineral, and scenic resources in a unique archipelago setting. We conducted our precedent-setting evaluation on the use of scientific information in the Tongass Land Management Plan over several months and prepared the final results in manuscript form. After an in-depth, independent scientific peer review, this manuscript was published (Everest et al. 1997). Our efforts also were presented in June 1997 at the annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society and in September 1997 in the Symposium on Advocacy in Science at the Wildlife Society Conference. Thus, published information specific to our effort on the Tongass National Forest, as well as other pertinent literature, was available to Meffe et al. (1998) to cite and discuss in their treatise. Curiously, they chose not to cite our widely distributed paper or any other well-known and available literature which, in our opinion, created a false impression regarding their originality. JF - Northwest Science AU - Shaw, CG III AU - Everest, F H AU - Swanston, D N AU - Julin, K R AU - Allen, S D AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, Alaska 99821 Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Alaska KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Resource management KW - Reviews KW - Natural resources KW - Planning KW - Research programs KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Independent+Scientific+Review+in+Natural+Resources+Management%3A+A+Recent+Example+from+the+Tongass+Land+Management+Plan&rft.au=Shaw%2C+CG+III%3BEverest%2C+F+H%3BSwanston%2C+D+N%3BJulin%2C+K+R%3BAllen%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=CG&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Natural resources; Reviews; Research programs; Resource management; Forest management; Planning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propagating and Transplanting Submerged Aquatic Species AN - 17259702; 4565539 AB - The USDA-NRCS National Plant Materials Center (NPMC) and the Environmental Center of Anne Arundel Community College (AACC) have been involved in a U.S. Army Environmental Center (AEC) project to replant American wild celery (Vallisneria americana), sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus), and redhead grass (Potamogeton perfoliatus) in Maryland's Gunpowder River since December 1996. The restoration site is one of several in the Army's program to restore healthy submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds to waters of Army installations throughout the Chesapeake Bay region. JF - Land and Water AU - Kujawski, J L AD - USDA-NRCS National Plant Materials Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, jkujawskid.nrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 63 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0192-9453, 0192-9453 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Submerged plants KW - Estuaries KW - Aquatic plants KW - Vegetation KW - Sea grasses KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17259702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+and+Water&rft.atitle=Propagating+and+Transplanting+Submerged+Aquatic+Species&rft.au=Kujawski%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kujawski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+and+Water&rft.issn=01929453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Submerged plants; Estuaries; Aquatic plants; Vegetation; Sea grasses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of summer biogeography on wood warbler stopover abundance AN - 17249719; 4527642 AB - We evaluated the effect of summer biogeography of migrant wood warblers (Parulidae) on their stopover abundance. To characterize abundance patterns, we used mist-net capture data from spring and fall migration in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, spring migration on the Gulf Coast of Louisiana, and fall migration on the Gulf Coast of Alabama. To describe the summer biogcography of 47 species of wood warblers, we used indices of their summer range size, their summer density, and distance between their summer ranges and our netting sites. Multiple linear regressions indicated that biogeographic indices explained 55% and 49% of variation in captures in the Middle Rio Grande Valley during spring and fall, respectively. On the Gulf Coast these regressions explained 25% of the variation during spring at the Louisiana site and 51% during fall at the Alabama site. Both summer range size and distance between the summer range and study sites explained significant portions of the variation in three of the four analyses. Interestingly, the importance of biogeographic factors was least evident among spring migrants along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana. The difference between this site and other sites may reflect differences between migrants arriving after a Gulf crossing and those migrating across continental land masses or possibly an increased importance of winter biogeography for migrants crossing the Gulf of Mexico in the spring. In general, these results indicate that abundance of migrant warblers at our netting sites in both the eastern and western United States during spring and fall migration were influenced by summer biogeography. Consequently, we suggest including biogeographic analyses in assessments of conservation priorities for local stopover sites. JF - Condor AU - Kelly, J F AU - Smith, R AU - Finch, D M AU - Moore AU - Yong, Wang AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA, jkelly/rmrs_albq@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 76 EP - 85 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Parulidae KW - Biogeography KW - Abundance KW - Summer KW - Geographical variations KW - Migration KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17249719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Influence+of+summer+biogeography+on+wood+warbler+stopover+abundance&rft.au=Kelly%2C+J+F%3BSmith%2C+R%3BFinch%2C+D+M%3BMoore%3BYong%2C+Wang&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parulidae; Geographical variations; Summer; Abundance; Biogeography; Migration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification of Corn Fiber AN - 17247316; 4532889 AB - Corn fiber consists of about 20% starch, 14% cellulose, and 35% hemicellulose, and has the potential to serve as a low-cost feedstock for production of fuel ethanol. Several pretreatments (hot water, alkali, and dilute acid) and enzymatic saccharification procedures were evaluated for the conversion of corn fiber starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars. Hot water pretreatment (121 degree C, 1 h) facilitated the enzymatic saccharification of starch and cellulose but not hemicellulose. Hydrolysis of corn fiber pretreated with alkali under similar conditions by enzymatic means gave similar results. Hemicellulose and starch components were converted to monomeric sugars by dilute H sub(2)SO sub(4) pretreatment (0.5-1.0%, v/v) at 121 degree C. Based on these findings, a method for pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of corn fiber is presented. It involves the pretreatment of corn fiber (15% solid, w/v) with dilute acid (0.5% H sub(2)SO sub(4), v/v) at 121 degree C for 1 h, neutralization to pH 5.0, then saccharification of the pretreated corn fiber material with commercial cellulase and beta -glucosidase preparations. The yield of monomeric sugars from corn fiber was typically 85-100% of the theoretical yield. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 65 EP - 77 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - cellulose KW - ethanol KW - hemicellulose KW - hydrolysis KW - maize KW - saccharification KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Zea mays KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17247316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Pretreatment+and+Enzymatic+Saccharification+of+Corn+Fiber&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Fibers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American martens AN - 17245050; 4533146 AB - 1. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on American martens (Martes americana Rhoads) by evaluating differences in marten capture rates (excluding recaptures) in 18 study sites with different levels of fragmentation resulting from timber harvest clearcuts and natural openings. We focused on low levels of fragmentation, where forest connectivity was maintained and non-forest cover ranged from 2% to 42%. 2. Martens appeared to respond negatively to low levels of habitat fragmentation, based on the significant decrease in capture rates within the series of increasingly fragmented landscapes. Martens were nearly absent from landscapes having > 25% non-forest cover, even though forest connectivity was still present. 3. Marten capture rates were negatively correlated with increasing proximity of open areas and increasing extent of high-contrast edges. Forested landscapes appeared unsuitable for martens when the average nearest-neighbour distance between open (non-forested) patches was <100 m. In these landscapes, the proximity of open areas created strips of forest edge and eliminated nearly all forest interior. 4. Small mammal densities were significantly higher in clearcuts than in forests, but marten captures were not correlated with prey abundance or biomass associated with clearcuts. 5. Conservation efforts for the marten must consider not only the structural aspects of mature forests, but the landscape pattern in which the forest occurs. We recommend that the combination of timber harvests and natural openings comprise <25% of landscapes greater than or equal to 9 km super(2) in size. 6. The spatial pattern of open areas is important as well, because small, dispersed openings result in less forest interior habitat than one large opening at the same percentage of fragmentation. Progressive cutting from a single patch would retain the largest amount of interior forest habitat. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Hargis, C D AU - Bissonette, JA AU - Turner, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, South-west Forest Science Complex, 2500 S. Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA, cdh@alpine.for.nau.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 157 EP - 172 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Ecological distribution KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Martes americana KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+forest+fragmentation+and+landscape+pattern+on+American+martens&rft.au=Hargis%2C+C+D%3BBissonette%2C+JA%3BTurner%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hargis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Martes americana; Wildlife management; Habitat fragmentation; Forests; Ecological distribution; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling potential future individual tree-species distributions in the eastern United States under a climate change scenario: a case study with Pinus virginiana AN - 17239465; 4513381 AB - We are using a deterministic regression tree analysis model (DISTRIB) and a stochastic migration model (SHIFT) to examine potential distributions of similar to 66 individual species of eastern US trees under a 2 x CO sub(2) climate change scenario. This process is demonstrated for Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana). USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data for more than 100 000 plots and nearly 3 million trees east of the 100th meridian were analyzed and aggregated to the county level to provide species importance values for each of more than 2100 counties. County-level data also were compiled on climate, soils, land use, elevation, and spatial pattern. Regression tree analysis (RTA) was used to devise prediction rules from current species-environment relationships, which were then used to replicate the current distribution and predict the potential future distributions under two scenarios of climate change (2 x CO sub(2)). RTA allows different variables to control importance value predictions at different regions, e.g. at the northern versus southern range limits of a species. RTA outputs represent the potential 'environmental envelope' shifts required by species, while the migration model predicts the more realistic shifts based on colonization probabilities from varying species abundances within a fragmented landscape. The model shows severely limited migration in regions of high forest fragmentation, particularly when the species is low in abundance near the range boundary. These tools are providing mechanisms for evaluating the relationships among various environmental and landscape factors associated with tree-species importance and potential migration in a changing global climate. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Iverson, L R AU - Prasad, A AU - Schwartz, M W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, liverson/ne_de@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/02/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 01 SP - 77 EP - 93 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Pinus virginiana KW - USA KW - USA, Eastern KW - Virginia pine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biogeography KW - Trees KW - Climatic changes KW - Forests KW - Models KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Modeling+potential+future+individual+tree-species+distributions+in+the+eastern+United+States+under+a+climate+change+scenario%3A+a+case+study+with+Pinus+virginiana&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BPrasad%2C+A%3BSchwartz%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus virginiana; Trees; Forests; Climatic changes; Biogeography; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal optimization in habitat placement for a threatened plant: The case of the western prairie fringed orchid AN - 17239428; 4513380 AB - This paper investigates an optimization approach to determining the placement and timing of habitat protection for the western prairie fringed orchid. This plant's population dynamics are complex, creating a challenging optimization problem. The sensitivity of the orchid to random climate conditions is handled probabilistically. The plant's seed, protocorm and above-ground stages are all accounted for in a case example from the Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota. Sensitivity of the case example model to dispersal assumptions and climate condition probabilities is demonstrated. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Hof, J AU - Sieg, CH AU - Bevers, M AD - USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 3825 E. Mulberry, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA, jhof/rmrs@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/02/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 01 SP - 61 EP - 75 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Habitat availability KW - Spatial distribution KW - Rare species KW - Models KW - Conservation KW - Orchidaceae KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+optimization+in+habitat+placement+for+a+threatened+plant%3A+The+case+of+the+western+prairie+fringed+orchid&rft.au=Hof%2C+J%3BSieg%2C+CH%3BBevers%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Orchidaceae; Habitat availability; Conservation; Spatial distribution; Models; Rare species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratological research at the USDA-ARS poisonous plant research laboratory AN - 17237114; 4518321 AB - Research on teratogenic plants started at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory in the mid 1950s when Dr. Wayne Binns, Director of the laboratory, was asked to investigate the cause of a cyclopian facial/skeletal birth defect in lambs. Dr. Lynn F. James joined the staff shortly after. These two people worked as a team wherein most planning was done jointly with Binns supervising most of the laboratory work and James the field studies. It was determined that when pregnant ewes grazed Veratrum californicum on day 14 of gestation a significant number of lambs had the cyclopic defect. Skeletal and cleft palate birth defects in calves was associated with pregnant cows grazing certain lupine species during 40-70 days of gestation. Shortly thereafter research work was initiated on locoweed which caused abortions, wasting, right heart failure, skeletal birth defects, and fetal right heart failure. Dr. Richard F. Keeler, a chemist who joined the staff in the early 1960s, isolated and character-ized the teratogens in V. californicum as the steroidal alkaloids cyclopamine, jervine, and cycloposine. He also described the teratogen in lupines as the quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine and the piperidine alkaloid ammodendrine. Drs. Russell Molyneux and James identified the toxin in locoweed as the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. In 1974 the editor of Nutrition Today (Vols. 9 and 4) wrote "The idea that birth defects occurring in humans may be in some way related to diet is not widely held . . ." Dr. Lynn James pointed out in this issue that such defects in animals can be produced with absolute predictability and regularity by foods ordinarily beneficial to livestock. Management strategies have been developed to prevent or minimize the economic impact of the cyclopian lamb and the crooked calf condition on livestock producers and well on the way to doing the same with locoweed. It is of interest to note that livestock research on Veratrum, lupines and locoweed and toxins therefrom are now significant research tools for specific human health problems. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - James, L F AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 63 EP - 80 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - cattle KW - sheep KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Veratrum californicum KW - Reviews KW - Oxytropis KW - Plants KW - Astragalus KW - Teratogenicity KW - Lupinus KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17237114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Teratological+research+at+the+USDA-ARS+poisonous+plant+research+laboratory&rft.au=James%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue honoring poisonous plant research laboratory, Logan, UT. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus; Lupinus; Oxytropis; Veratrum californicum; Weeds; Teratogenicity; Reviews; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Locoweed grazing AN - 17237067; 4518319 AB - Locoweed is the most widespread poisonous plant problem in the western U. S. Eleven species of Astragalus and Oxytropis (and many varieties within these species) cause locoism. Many locoweed species are endemic and are restricted to a narrow niche or habitat. Other locoweed species experience extreme population cycles; the population explodes in wet years and dies off in drought. A few species, such as O. sericea, are relatively stable and cause persistent poisoning problems. Knowledge of where locoweeds grow and the environmental conditions when they become a threat is important to manage livestock and avoid poisoning. Locoweeds are relatively palatable. Many locoweeds are the first plants to begin growth in the spring and regrow in the fall. Livestock generally prefer the green-growing locoweeds to other forage that is dormant in the late fall, winter, and spring. The most effective management stratgegy is to deny livestock access to locoweeds during critical periods when they are more palatable than the associated forage. Herbicides can control existing locoweed populations and provide "safe" pastures for critical periods. However, locoweed seed in soil will germinate and re-establish when environmental conditions are favorable. Good range management and wise grazing strategies can provide adequate forage for livestock and prevent them from grazing locoweed during non-critical periods of the year when it is relatively less palatable than associated forages. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Ralphs, M H AU - James, L F AD - USDA/Agriculture Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Lab. 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA, mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 47 EP - 51 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - USA KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Reviews KW - Oxytropis KW - Plants KW - Poisoning KW - Astragalus KW - Livestock KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17237067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Locoweed+grazing&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue honoring poisonous plant research laboratory, Logan, UT. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus; Oxytropis; Weeds; Reviews; Poisoning; Livestock; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning in livestock AN - 17236570; 4518322 AB - Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are toxic plants that contain numerous diterpenoid alkaloids which occur as one of two structural types: (1) lycotonine, and (2) 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL-type). Among the lycoctonine type alkaloids are three N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL-type) alkaloids which appear to be most toxic: methyllycaconitine (MLA), 14-deacetylnudicauline (DAN), and nudicauline. An ester function at C-18 is an important structural requirement for toxicity. Intoxication results from neuromuscular paralysis, as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the muscle and brain are blocked by toxic alkaloids. Clinical signs include labored breathing, rapid and irregular heartbeat, muscular weakness, and collapse. Toxic alkaloid concentration generally declines in tall larkspurs with maturation, but alkaloid concentration varies over years and from plant to plant, and is of little use for predicting consumption by cattle. Knowledge of toxic alkaloid concentration is valuable for management purposes when cattle begin to eat larkspur. Cattle generally begin consuming tall larkspur after flowering racemes are elongated, and consumption increases as larkspur matures. Weather is also a major factor in cattle consumption, as cattle tend to eat more larkspur during or just after summer storms. Management options that may be useful for livestock producers include conditioning cattle to avoid larkspur (food aversion learning), grazing tall larkspur ranges before flowering (early grazing) and after seed shatter (late grazing), grazing sheep before cattle, herbicidal control of larkspur plants, and drug therapy for intoxicated animals. Some potentially fruitful research avenues include examining alkaloid chemistry in low and plains larkspurs, developing immunologic methods for analyzing larkspur alkaloids, developing drug therapy, and devising grazing regimes specifically for low and plains larkspur. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Pfister, JA AU - Gardner AU - Panter, KE AU - Manners, G D AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Schoch, T K AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA, jpfister@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 81 EP - 94 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - 7,8-Methylenedioxylycoctonine KW - alkaloids KW - lycotonine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Delphinium KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Poisoning KW - Livestock KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+poisoning+in+livestock&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BGardner%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BSchoch%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue honoring poisonous plant research laboratory, Logan, UT. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium; Reviews; Poisoning; Livestock; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid plants, metabolism and toxicity AN - 17236106; 4518323 AB - More than 350 PAs have been identified in over 6,000 plants in the Boraginaceae, Compositae, and Leguminosae families (Table 1). About half of the identified PAs are toxic and several have been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. PA-containing plants have worldwide distribution, and they probably are the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. In many locations, PA-containing plants are introduced species that are considered invasive, noxious weeds. Both native and introduced PA-containing plants often infest open ranges and fields, replacing nutritious plants. Many are not palatable and livestock avoid eating them if other forages are available. However, as they invade fields or crops, plant parts or seeds can contaminate prepared feeds and grains which are then readily eaten by many animals. Human poisonings most often are a result of food contamination or when PA-containing plants areused for medicinal purposes. This is a review of current information on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms of PA toxicity. Additional discussion includes current and future research objectives with an emphasis on the development of better diagnostics, pyrrole kinetics, and the effects of low dose PA exposure. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Edgar, JA AU - Colegate, S M AU - Gardner AU - Schoch, T K AU - Coulombe, R A AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA/ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341, USA, bsteg@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 95 EP - 116 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Borage KW - metabolism KW - pyrrolizidine alkaloids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Leguminosae KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Compositae KW - Boraginaceae KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Pyrrolizidine+alkaloid+plants%2C+metabolism+and+toxicity&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BEdgar%2C+JA%3BColegate%2C+S+M%3BGardner%3BSchoch%2C+T+K%3BCoulombe%2C+R+A%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue honoring poisonous plant research laboratory, Logan, UT. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boraginaceae; Compositae; Leguminosae; Reviews; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for an extreme bottleneck in a rare Mexican pinyon: Genetic diversity, disequilibrium, and the mating system in Pinus maximartinezii AN - 17236070; 4516410 AB - Maxipinon (Pinus maximartinezii Rzedowski), which is confined to a single population of approximately 2000 to 2500 mature trees, covers about 400 ha in southern Zacatecas, Mexico. Genetic diversity measured by expected heterozygosity was 0.122, which is moderate for pines. However, percentage polymorphic loci was low, 30.3%. The fixation index (F) of 0.081 indicated only slight heterozygote deficiency. Mating system analysis indicated a significant but low level of selfing; the multilocus outcrossing rate, t sub(m), was 0.816. The mean of single locus estimates, t sub(s), was smaller (0.761), perhaps suggesting mating among relatives, although the difference between t sub(m) and t sub(s) was not statistically significant. The most striking features of maxipinon's genetic structure were that no polymorphic locus had more than two alleles and most alleles at polymorphic loci were at intermediate frequencies. This is in contrast to other pines, which often have three to five or more alleles at some loci and in which the distribution of allele frequencies is U-shaped, most alleles being present at frequencies less than 10% or greater than 90%. A population with only two alleles per locus and at intermediate frequencies could occur if the population had been reduced to an extreme bottleneck and then expanded rapidly before random drift modified allele frequencies. A novel origin from a hybridization event would also explain the results. Significant gametic disequilibrium was detected at several pairs of loci in both maternal and paternal gametes. The presence of disequilibrium is in agreement with an origin from an extreme bottleneck, perhaps even a single seed. Furthermore, it demands that the event be relatively recent. The number of generations, as calculated from the observed mean disequilibrium, suggested that maxipinon derived from an extreme bottleneck four to five generations ago, which is less than 1000 years in this species. JF - Evolution AU - Ledig, F T AU - Conkle, M T AU - Bermejo-Velazquez, B AU - Eguiluz-Piedra, T AU - Hodgskiss, P D AU - Johnson AU - Dvorak, W S AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667, USA, tledig@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 91 EP - 99 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0014-3820, 0014-3820 KW - Mexico KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus maximartinezii KW - Gametes KW - Population bottleneck KW - Genetic diversity KW - Reproductive strategy KW - Mating KW - Genetic drift KW - Evolution KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+an+extreme+bottleneck+in+a+rare+Mexican+pinyon%3A+Genetic+diversity%2C+disequilibrium%2C+and+the+mating+system+in+Pinus+maximartinezii&rft.au=Ledig%2C+F+T%3BConkle%2C+M+T%3BBermejo-Velazquez%2C+B%3BEguiluz-Piedra%2C+T%3BHodgskiss%2C+P+D%3BJohnson%3BDvorak%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Ledig&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolution&rft.issn=00143820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus maximartinezii; Mating; Gametes; Reproductive strategy; Population bottleneck; Genetic diversity; Genetic drift; Evolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp: Toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock AN - 17235108; 4518324 AB - Many species of lupines contain quinolizidine or piperidine alkaloids known to be toxic or teratogenic to livestock. Poison-hemlock (Conium maculatum) and Nicotiana spp. including N. tabacum and N. glauca contain toxic and teratogenic piperidine alkaloids. The toxic and teratogenic effects from these plant species have distinct similarities including maternal muscular weakness and ataxia and fetal contracture-type skeletal defects and cleft palate. It is believed that the mechanism of action of the piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid-induced teratogenesis is the same; however, there are some differences in incidence, susceptible gestational periods, and severity between livestock species. Wildlife species have also been poisoned after eating poison-hemlock but no terata have been reported. The most widespread problem for livestock producers in recent times has been lupine-induced "crooked calf disease." Crooked calf disease is characterized as skeletal contracture-type malformations and occasional cleft palate in calves after maternal ingestion of lupines containing the quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine during gestation days 40-100. Similar malformations have been induced in cattle and goats with lupines containing the piperidine alkaloids ammodendrine, N-methyl ammodendrine, and N-acetyl hystrine and in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs with poison-hemlock containing predominantly coniine or gamma -coniceine and N. glauca containing anabasine. Toxic and teratogenic effects have been linked to structural aspects of these alkaloids, and the mechanism of action is believed to be associated with an alkaloid-induced inhibition of fetal movement during specific gestational periods. This review presents a historical perspective, description and distribution of lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp., toxic and teratogenic effects and management information to reduce losses. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Panter, KE AU - James, L F AU - Gardner AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA, kpanter@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 117 EP - 134 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Tobacco KW - piperidine alkaloids KW - quinolizidine alkaloids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nicotiana KW - Conium maculatum KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Teratogenicity KW - Lupinus KW - Livestock KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17235108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Lupines%2C+poison-hemlock+and+Nicotiana+spp%3A+Toxicity+and+teratogenicity+in+livestock&rft.au=Panter%2C+KE%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BGardner&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue honoring poisonous plant research laboratory, Logan, UT. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conium maculatum; Lupinus; Nicotiana; Teratogenicity; Reviews; Livestock; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GUS transformation of the maize fungal endophyte Fusarium moniliforme AN - 17233484; 4516340 AB - Visual markers detectable by histochemical staining have been developed for analysing the time course and tissue specificity of maize infections by Fusarium moniliforme. Three F. moniliforme strains, RRC 374, MRC 826 and RRC PAT, were transformed with a plasmid, pHPG, containing the gusA reporter gene which codes for beta -glucuronidase (GUS) and the hph gene for hygromycin resistance as the selectable marker. Introduction of plasmid DNA into germinating conidia yielded 1.2 x 10 super(-7) transformants per conidium; expression of both gusA and hph was however, transient. Stable transformants were obtained using protoplasts as the recipient, but transformation frequency was reduced. Southern blot and PCR analyses confirmed incorporation of pHPG into the genome of all three F. moniliforme strains with gusA properly inserted in MRC 826 and RRC PAT, but apparently disrupted in RRC 374. The growth pattern for transformed F. moniliforme isolates and the parental wild types followed a sigmoid curve on minimal and enriched media. Hygromycin totally inhibited growth for wild type isolates, but not of transformants. Transformed isolates maintained the ability to infect the maize plant. Thus, this study is the first report of F. moniliforme transformed with a visibly detectable reporter gene to use for analysing this endophyte-host interaction of world-wide importance to animal and human health. JF - Mycological Research AU - Yates, I E AU - Hiett, K L AU - Kapczynski AU - Smart, W AU - Glenn, A E AU - Hinton, D M AU - Bacon, C W AU - Meinersmann, R AU - Liu, S AU - Jaworski, A J AD - Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - gusA gene KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Transformation KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Reporter gene KW - Zea mays KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=GUS+transformation+of+the+maize+fungal+endophyte+Fusarium+moniliforme&rft.au=Yates%2C+I+E%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BKapczynski%3BSmart%2C+W%3BGlenn%2C+A+E%3BHinton%2C+D+M%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BMeinersmann%2C+R%3BLiu%2C+S%3BJaworski%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; Reporter gene; Transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric volatilization of methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, and propargyl bromide through two plastic films: transfer coefficient and temperature effect AN - 17233338; 4514049 AB - Atmospheric emission of methyl bromide (MeBr) and its potential alternative chemicals such as 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and propargyl bromide (PrBr) can contribute to air pollution and ozone depletion (for MeBr). One of the main sources of these chemicals is from agricultural soil fumigation. To understand the volatilization dynamics, emission of MeBr, 1,3-D, and PrBr through a polyethylene-based high-barrier film (HBF) and a virtually impermeable film (VIF) was measured using an air flow and sampling system that produced >90% mass balance. The experiment was conducted outdoors and was subjected to ambient daily temperature variations. The HBF film was found to be very permeable to 1,3-D and PrBr, but somewhat less permeable to MeBr. The VIF film was very impermeable to 1,3-D, PrBr, or MeBr. Measured volatilization flux, in general, exhibited strong diurnal variations which were controlled by film temperature. Unlike the HBF film, a time lag ( similar to 12 h) was observed between high-temperatures and high-emission flux values for the VIF film. An impermeable film may be used as an effective means of controlling the atmospheric emission of MeBr and its alternative chemicals. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Wang, D AU - Yates AU - Gan, J AU - Knuteson, JA AD - U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Physics & Pesticides Research Unit, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, dwang@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 401 EP - 407 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - methyl bromide KW - propargyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Emission measurements KW - Agrochemicals KW - Fumigation KW - Ozone layer KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+volatilization+of+methyl+bromide%2C+1%2C3-dichloropropene%2C+and+propargyl+bromide+through+two+plastic+films%3A+transfer+coefficient+and+temperature+effect&rft.au=Wang%2C+D%3BYates%3BGan%2C+J%3BKnuteson%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emission measurements; Air pollution measurements; Ozone layer; Fumigation; Agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Locoweeds: Effects on reproduction in livestock AN - 17233276; 4518320 AB - Locoweeds (species of Oxytropis and Astragalus containing the toxin swainsonine) cause severe adverse effects on reproductive function in livestock. All aspects of reproduction can be affected: mating behavior and libido in males; estrus in females; abortion/embryonic loss of the fetus; and behavioral retardation of offspring. While much research has been done to describe and histologically characterize these effects, we have only begun to understand the magnitude of the problem, to define the mechanisms involved, or to develop strategies to prevent losses. Recent research has described the effects of locoweed ingestion in cycling cows and ewes. Briefly, feeding trials with locoweeds in cycling and pregnant cows have demonstrated ovarian dysfunction in a dose-dependent pattern, delayed estrus, extended estrous cycle length during the follicular and luteal phases, delayed conception (repeat breeders), and hydrops and abortion. Similar effects were observed in sheep. In rams, locoweed consumption altered breeding behavior, changed libido, and inhibited normal spermatogenesis. Neurological dysfunction also inhibited normal reproductive behavior, and some of these effects were permanent and progressive. In this article we briefly review the pathophysiological effects of locoweeds on reproduction. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Panter, KE AU - James, L F AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA, kpanter@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 53 EP - 62 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - swainsonine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Reviews KW - Oxytropis KW - Plants KW - Poisoning KW - Astragalus KW - Reproduction KW - Livestock KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Locoweeds%3A+Effects+on+reproduction+in+livestock&rft.au=Panter%2C+KE%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue honoring poisonous plant research laboratory, Logan, UT. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus; Oxytropis; Reproduction; Weeds; Reviews; Poisoning; Livestock; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of grazing management on the carbon and nitrogen balance of a mixed-grass rangeland AN - 17228778; 4513496 AB - Rangeland grazing management strategies have been developed in an effort to sustain efficient use of forage resources by livestock. However, the effects of grazing on the redistribution and cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the plant-soil system are not well understood. We examined the plant-soil C and N balances of a mixed-grass rangeland under three livestock stocking rates using an area that had not been grazed by domestic livestock for more than 40 years. We established nongrazed exclosures and pastures subjected to continuous season-long grazing at either a light stocking rate (20 steer-days/ha) or a heavy stocking rate (59 steer-days/ha, similar to 50% utilization of annual production). Twelve years of grazing under these stocking rates did not change the total masses of C and N in the plant-soil (0-60 cm) system but did change the distribution of C and N among the system components, primarily via a significant increase in the masses of C and N in the root zone (0-30 cm) of the soil profile. The mass of soil C (0-60 cm) under heavy grazing was comparable to that of the light grazing treatment. Grazing at the heavy stocking rate resulted in a decrease in peak standing crop (PSC) of aboveground live phytomass, an increase in blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag. Ex Steud.), and a decrease in western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] A. Love) compared to the light grazing treatment. The dominant species under light grazing was western wheatgrass, whereas in the nongrazed exclosures, forbs were dominant and appeared to have increased at the expense of western wheatgrass. The observed increase of soil C and N in the surface soil where roots dominate indicates a greater opportunity for nutrient availability and cycling, and hence enhanced grazing quality. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Schuman, GE AU - Reeder, J D AU - Manley, J T AU - Hart, R H AU - Manley, WA AD - USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, WY 82009-8899, USA, gschuman@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 65 EP - 71 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Nutrient balance KW - Range management KW - Livestock KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17228778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Impact+of+grazing+management+on+the+carbon+and+nitrogen+balance+of+a+mixed-grass+rangeland&rft.au=Schuman%2C+GE%3BReeder%2C+J+D%3BManley%2C+J+T%3BHart%2C+R+H%3BManley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grazing; Livestock; Nutrient balance; Range management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of spatial scale to habitat use by breeding birds in riparian forests: A hierarchical analysis AN - 17228439; 4513502 AB - Patterns of habitat use by breeding birds were studied in cottonwood riparian forests along 100 km of the South Fork of the Snake River in southeastern Idaho, United States, from 1991 to 1994. A hierarchical approach was used to examine habitat use at three spatial scales: microhabitat (local vegetation characteristics), macrohabitat (cottonwood forest patch characteristics), and landscape (composition and patterning of surrounding [matrix] vegetation types and land uses). This paper addresses a series of predictions about species' distributions that incorporate the different spatial scales. Bird distribution and abundance and vegetation data were collected on 57 cottonwood forest patches ranging in size from 0.40 ha to 205 ha. The surrounding landscape changed from a valley surrounded by mountains, on the upstream end of the study area, to a narrow canyon adjacent to natural upland vegetation in the middle section, and to a wide, open floodplain dominated by agriculture on the downstream end. The best predictors of high species richness (r super(2) = 0.71) were natural and heterogeneous landscapes, large cottonwood patches, close proximity to other cottonwood patches, and microhabitats with relatively open canopies. Distribution and frequency of occurrence were evaluated for 32 species of small land birds. The most frequent significant predictor of species occurrence was the landscape component: increases in upland natural vegetation with decreases in agriculture. Both interior and edge specialists were found in arid land, cottonwood riparian forests that are linear in nature, with large amounts of edge. Nest predators, brood parasites, and exotic species responded positively to human-altered landscapes. Landscape patterns were the primary influence on distribution and occurrence of most bird species, whereas macrohabitat and microhabitat were of secondary importance. Thus, surrounding landscape (matrix) features should be a primary consideration for selecting riparian reserve areas. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Saab, V AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 316 E. Myrtle Street, Boise, ID 83702, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 135 EP - 151 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Birds KW - USA, Idaho KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Spatial distribution KW - Riparian environments KW - Forests KW - Habitat utilization KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17228439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Importance+of+spatial+scale+to+habitat+use+by+breeding+birds+in+riparian+forests%3A+A+hierarchical+analysis&rft.au=Saab%2C+V&rft.aulast=Saab&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Spatial distribution; Habitat utilization; Forests; Riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Transgenic Sweet Corn Hybrids Expressing CryIA (b) Toxin for Resistance to Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 17213434; 4490379 AB - Many of the lepidopterous insects which attack sweet corn, Zea mays L., are susceptible to insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (Berliner) (Btk). Transgenic sweet corn expressing a synthetic cry gene for production of a Btk-insecticidal protein may provide a more environmentally acceptable means of sweet corn production. Eight transgenic sweet corn hybrids containing a synthetic gene for CryIA (b) protein production (BT11 event) were evaluated for resistance to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Laboratory tests revealed that all Btk sweet corn hybrids were highly resistant to leaf and silk feeding by neonate 3 and 6 d old corn earworm larvae. Ear damage in the field to the Btk sweet corn hybrids caused by corn earworm was negligible. All Btk sweet corn hybrids, except Btk95-0901, were moderately resistant to leaf and silk feeding by the fall armyworm. Survival and weight gain were reduced when neonates were fed excised whorl leaves of the Btk plants. Weight gain, but not survival, was reduced when 3- and 6-d-old fall armyworm larvae were fed excised whorl leaves of the Btk plants. Btk sweet corn hybrids appear to be ideal candidates for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for both the fresh and processing sweet corn markets, and their use should drastically reduce the quantity of insecticides currently used to control these pests in sweet corn. With appropriate cultural practices, it is highly unlikely that Btk sweet corn will contribute to the development of resistance to Btk proteins in these insects because of the high toxicity of the Cry proteins expressed in these sweet corn hybrids and the harvest of sweet corn ears from fields before larvae can complete development. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Lynch, R E AU - Wiseman, B R AU - Plaisted, D AU - Warnick, D AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 246 EP - 252 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Bollworm KW - Corn earworm KW - CryIA protein KW - CrylA gene KW - Cutworms KW - Fall armyworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - maize KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Pest control KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - Transgenic plants KW - Zea mays KW - Genetic engineering KW - Pest resistance KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Transgenic+Sweet+Corn+Hybrids+Expressing+CryIA+%28b%29+Toxin+for+Resistance+to+Corn+Earworm+and+Fall+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Lynch%2C+R+E%3BWiseman%2C+B+R%3BPlaisted%2C+D%3BWarnick%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Zea mays; Biological control; Transgenic plants; Pest control; Genetic engineering; Pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence, Movement, and Host Plants of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Delta of Mississippi AN - 17205034; 4490362 AB - More boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were captured after 20 May in 1995-1997 in grandlure-baited traps 1-5 km from cotton in Washington County, MS, than in traps near cotton. Even though few weevils were trapped from first bloom to mature boll (about 1 July to 18 August), >5 times as many weevils were captured in traps 1-5 km away from cotton than in traps near cotton. This suggested that competition from male weevils feeding in cotton as well as cotton odors may have masked late-season overwintering emergence. These results further suggested that overwintered weevils continue to emerge in low numbers into August, and that considerable movement of weevils (both overwintering and reproductive) occurred throughout the growing season. Numbers of overwintered weevils trapped from 23 March to 29 June 1996 were only 5% of those trapped during the same period in 1995. However, numbers captured from 18 August to 28 December 1996 equalled those for the same period in 1995, which showed the powerful ability of the boll weevil to rebuild from low numbers in a single season. Boll weevils responding to traps were slightly >50% females before July 1, increased to almost 100% females in midseason, and declined to slightly >50% females again in late season. Over 5,000 boll weevils were examined in 1996 for pollen grains in the midgut throughout the year, and over 300 plant taxa were identified. A majority of the taxa occurred in the Anacardiaceae (sumac). Asteraceae (sunflower), Cheno-am (Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae, goosefoot, and pigweed), Fagaceae (oak), Malvaceae (mallow), and Poaceae (grass) families. These results indicated that noncotton hosts were potentially important in survival of boll weevils throughout the year but not a factor in reproduction, because boll weevils have been found to reproduce only on cotton in the Mississippi Delta. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hardee, D D AU - Jones, G D AU - Adams, L C AD - Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 130 EP - 139 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - USA, Mississippi KW - boll weevil KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host plants KW - Curculionidae KW - Movements KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Emergence KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17205034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Emergence%2C+Movement%2C+and+Host+Plants+of+Boll+Weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+the+Delta+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Hardee%2C+D+D%3BJones%2C+G+D%3BAdams%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Hardee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis; Curculionidae; Movements; Host plants; Emergence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Different Strains and Transgenic Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 17202858; 4494839 AB - Populus spp. (which include cottonwoods, aspens, and poplars) are important sources of wood, wood fiber (pulp), and biofuels throughout the world, and are often intensively managed in short rotation stands. The cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., is a major pest of Populus throughout North America. It would be difficult to breed insect resistance into these trees using traditional plant breeding techniques because of their long generation time (4-8 yr); however, insect resistance could be produced through genetic engineering. Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) genes have negligible nontarget effects and are amenable to genetic engineering. We tested the toxicity of 16 B. thuringiensis preparations to identify genes that produce toxins effective against the cottonwood leaf beetle. B. thuringiensis preparations that contained spores were found to be only moderately more virulent than isolated toxins. Strains that produced Cry3A, Cry3B, and Cry8B caused 97-100% mortality in 1st and 2nd instars, with a mean time to death of 1-5 d. Mature larvae were less susceptible to these toxins than were neonates; however, the toxicity of 1 moderately active strain was not affected by larval age. Adults were not as sensitive as larvae to any of these toxins. Cropping with trees genetically engineered to produce B. thuringiensis toxins could lead to the evolution of toxin resistance in cottonwood leaf beetles. We found beetles from 3 different U.S. states varied significantly in their susceptibility to Cry3A. This variation means that regional differences in control levels could occur in the field, and that the potential for evolution of B. thuringiensis-resistance may already exist in some populations of this insect. Therefore, it is very important that before genetically engineered poplars are used extensively, management strategies be developed and implemented to prevent the evolution of resistance to B. thuringiensis in the cottonwood leaf beetle. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - James, R R AU - Croft, BA AU - Strauss, SH AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 108 EP - 115 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Cry3A protein KW - Cry3B protein KW - Cry8B protein KW - Leaf beetles KW - North America KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Populus KW - Transgenic plants KW - Chrysomela scripta KW - Pest resistance KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Genetic engineering KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17202858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+the+Cottonwood+Leaf+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+to+Different+Strains+and+Transgenic+Toxins+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=James%2C+R+R%3BCroft%2C+BA%3BStrauss%2C+SH&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Chrysomela scripta; Chrysomelidae; Populus; Biological control; Transgenic plants; Genetic engineering; Pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Studies of the Parasitic Ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Fire Ants in Argentina AN - 17202826; 4494837 AB - The workerless parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi) has been considered a potential candidate for biological control of imported fire ants in the United States since the 1970s. We estimated the detrimental effects of S. daguerrei in fire ant colonies from Argentina by comparing the composition of parasitized and nonparasitized field colonies of the black imported fire ant S. richteri Forel. We recorded mound density and volume, incidence of polygyny, number of queens per colony, queen weight, and presence and abundance of brood and sexuals. Also, we studied aspects of the parasite's biology such as parasitization rates, presence of sexuals, abundance and weight of queens, and sex ratio. S. daguerrei occurred in 1.2-23.7% of the colonies at 21 collecting sites. The mound density at parasitized sites was significantly lower than in parasite-free sites (161 versus 239 mounds per hectare). Parasitized colonies had significantly fewer host queens than nonparasitized ones (2.9 versus 5.5 queens per colony). The percentage of colonies with worker brood was significantly lower (in fall) in parasitized than in nonparasitized colonies. Also, worker brood was significantly less abundant (in fall and spring) in parasitized colonies. A short delay in the production of sexual brood by the host was observed in parasitized colonies. These detrimental effects look promising but should be evaluated in the long-term and confirmed in other areas. A better understanding of the host and parasite is required to introduce S. daguerrei into the United States to control imported fire ants. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Calcaterra, LA AU - Briano, JA AU - Williams, D F AD - USDA-ARS South American Biological Control Laboratory, Bolivar 1559 (1686) Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 88 EP - 95 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ants KW - Argentina KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Colonies KW - Formicidae KW - Solenopsis KW - Parasitism KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17202826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+Studies+of+the+Parasitic+Ant+Solenopsis+daguerrei+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+on+Fire+Ants+in+Argentina&rft.au=Calcaterra%2C+LA%3BBriano%2C+JA%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Calcaterra&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis; Biological control; Parasitism; Colonies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to its Natural Host After Ten Generations of Rearing on a Factitious Host, Callosobrucus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) AN - 17201748; 4494843 AB - Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was reared in laboratory conditions on the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), as a factitious host to reduce costs on a mass propagation system. Total fecundity, daily oviposition, net reproductive rate, and sex ratio were evaluated and compared among females reared on A. grandis and C. maculatus. The larval data showed that C. maculatus is a viable alternative host for the rearing of C. grandis. After 10 generations of continuous rearing on C. maculatus, C. grandis females showed a significant switch in host acceptance as an oviposition site and remained even after rearing on A. grandis for 1 generation. For this reason, we do not recommend rearing C. grandis on C. maculatus for >1 generation. However, the use of A. grandis and C. maculatus as hosts may be an acceptable practice, given that host preference was not significantly affected on 1st-generation C. grandis females reared on C. maculatus. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rojas, M G AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - King, E G AD - Beneficial Insects Research Unit, Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 137 EP - 141 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Seed beetles KW - boll weevil KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mass rearing KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Bruchidae KW - Parasitoids KW - Pteromalidae KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17201748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+to+its+Natural+Host+After+Ten+Generations+of+Rearing+on+a+Factitious+Host%2C+Callosobrucus+maculatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bruchidae%29&rft.au=Rojas%2C+M+G%3BMorales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BKing%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis; Bruchidae; Catolaccus grandis; Pteromalidae; Mass rearing; Parasitoids; Host-parasite interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smoking Increases Bone Loss and Decreases Intestinal Calcium Absorption AN - 17198394; 4486057 AB - Cigarette use is a risk factor for increased bone mineral density (BMD) loss but tile mechanisms are not well understood. The relationship of smoking to rates of BMD change at the fernoral neck, spine, and total body, and to intestinal calcium absorption were examined in 402 elderly men and women (32 smokers, 370 nonsmokers) who participated in a 3-year placebo-controlled study of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Subjects in the supplemented group took 500 mg/day of elemental calcium and 700 1U/day of cholecalciferol. Two-hour calcium absorption fraction was determined three times, at 18, 30, and 36 months, with a single isotope method utilizing super(45)Ca in a subset of 333 subjects. Annualized rates of BMD loss (adjusted for baseline BMD, weight, age, gender, supplementation status, and dietary calcium intake) were higher in smokers than nonsmokers at the femoral neck (-0.714 plus or minus 0.285%/year vs. +0.038 plus or minus 0.084%/year, p < 0.02), and total body (-0.360 plus or minus 0.101%/year vs. -0.152 plus or minus 0.030%/year, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed at the spine (+0.260 plus or minus 0.252%/year in smokers vs. +0.593 plus or minus 0.074%/year in nonsmokers, p = 0.21). The mean ( plus or minus SEM) calcium absorption fraction was lower in smokers (12.9 plus or minus 0.8%, n = 23) than nonsmokers (14.6 plus or minus 0.2%, n = 310, p < 0.05) after adjustment for gender, age, supplementation status, and dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes. Smokers of at least 20 cigarettes per day (n = 15) had the lowest mean absorption fraction (12.1 plus or minus 1.1%). With calcium and vitamin D supplementation, the proportionate increase in urinary calcium/creatinine excretion was lower in smokers (44 plus or minus 12%) than nonsmokers (79 plus or minus 9%, p < 0.05). These results suggest that smoking accelerates bone loss from the femoral neck and total body in the elderly and that less efficient calcium absorption may be one contributing factor. JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research AU - Krall, E A AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AD - Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tuffs University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Blackwell Science Inc. VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0884-0431, 0884-0431 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Intestinal absorption KW - Mineralization KW - Bone mineral density KW - Bone loss KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Encephalopathy KW - Calcium absorption KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - T 200115:Bone pharmacology and toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17198394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bone+and+Mineral+Research&rft.atitle=Smoking+Increases+Bone+Loss+and+Decreases+Intestinal+Calcium+Absorption&rft.au=Krall%2C+E+A%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Krall&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bone+and+Mineral+Research&rft.issn=08840431&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mineralization; Intestinal absorption; Encephalopathy; Cigarette smoking; Bone loss; Calcium absorption; Bone mineral density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using superparasitism by a stem borer parasitoid to infer a host refuge AN - 17196013; 4488047 AB - 1. Macrocentrus cingulum Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has high fecundity but has been reported to parasitize a low proportion of host larvae. This was corroborated in field collections: in Hebei (China) and Delaware (U.S.A.), M. cingulum parasitized only 15 and 25%, respectively, of hosts collected. 2. Because M. cingulum females cannot oviposit through plant tissue, they must parasitize hosts either before they have bored into stalks or while they are near entrance holes, so that at any one time, many Ostrinia larvae may be unavailable to M. cingulum. This refuge, together with fluctuations in abundance of foraging M. cingulum females, may explain why M. cingulum parasitizes relatively few Ostrinia larvae. 3. To test this hypothesis, levels of superparasitism were measured in the field. Low parasitism resulting from a refuge for host larvae should cause high rates of superparasitism in hosts outside the refuge. 4. Because M. cingulum is polyembryonic, the number of parasitoids per host does not indicate the level of superparasitism. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to determine the number of different genotypes emerging from each host. The resulting frequency distributions were fitted to those expected under random oviposition to estimate the proportion of Ostrinia larvae unavailable to M. cingulum. 5. In the samples from Hebei and Delaware, the level of superparasitism was much higher than expected by chance if all hosts were available. Fitting the frequencies of genotypes per host to a Poisson distribution, the authors estimated that 74-82% and 69-74% of host larvae were unavailable to M. cingulum in these collections, respectively. This means that M. cingulum parasitized 60-84% and 82-95% of available hosts in these collections, respectively. These levels of parasitism contrast strongly with the 15-25% found when all hosts were assumed available for oviposition. 6. Genetic distances of M. cingulum within and between hosts did not differ, allowing rejection of the hypothesis that high levels of superparasitism resulted from a female laying several eggs in the same host. 7. The hypothesis that M. cingulum parasitizes few Ostrinia larvae because many larvae are in a refuge explains these data and previously published information better than other hypotheses that have been suggested. JF - Ecological Entomology AU - Edwards, O R AU - Hopper, K R AD - USDA-ARS-BIIR, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA, khopper@udel.edu Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 7 EP - 12 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0307-6946, 0307-6946 KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Grass moths KW - Snout moths KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host specificity KW - Pyralidae KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Braconidae KW - Refugia KW - Superparasitism KW - Macrocentrus cingulum KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17196013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Entomology&rft.atitle=Using+superparasitism+by+a+stem+borer+parasitoid+to+infer+a+host+refuge&rft.au=Edwards%2C+O+R%3BHopper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Entomology&rft.issn=03076946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Macrocentrus cingulum; Ostrinia nubilalis; Pyralidae; Host specificity; Superparasitism; Refugia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption and Desorption of Copper on Soil Clay Components AN - 16134864; 4586144 AB - Toxic effects have been reported due to the accumulation of Cu in soils receiving long-term applications of swine (Sus scrofa) manure, sewage, municipal composts, and mining waste. The objective of this study was to quantify sorption and desorption of Cu on various clay and clay-organic matter fractions separated from a Zook soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls) located in central Iowa. The clay was separated into four particle-size fractions and portions of each fraction were treated with H sub(2)O sub(2) and/or dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) for removal of organic matter and free-iron compounds, respectively. A batch-equilibration technique was employed to evaluate sorption of Cu at pH 6.0 in the presence of 0.01 M CaCl sub(2). The sorption isotherms show that Cu was preferentially sorbed on organic matter associated with the coarse clay fraction of the soil. After removal of organic matter, the fine clay (<0.02 mu m) exhibited higher Cu retention than did the coarse (0.2-2.0 mu m) and medium clay (0.02-0.2 mu m). The DCB treatment created or exposed high-affinity sites for Cu on the fine clay, but had little effect on Cu sorption for the coarse clay. Copper appears to be specifically sorbed on the surfaces of silicate clays in excess of that which can be accounted for by variable charge sites. The results also suggest that Fe oxides may coat lateral surfaces of layer silicates, blocking access of Cu to potential sorption sites. Substantial sorption-desorption hysteresis was observed for all samples, suggesting that Cu forms high-energy bonds with both organic matter and layer-silicate surfaces. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Wu, J AU - Laird, DA AU - Thompson, M L AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA, laird@nstl.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 334 EP - 338 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sorption KW - Desorption KW - Animal wastes KW - Clay KW - Organic matter KW - Copper KW - Toxicity KW - Land application KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Sorption+and+Desorption+of+Copper+on+Soil+Clay+Components&rft.au=Wu%2C+J%3BLaird%2C+DA%3BThompson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Clay; Animal wastes; Desorption; Organic matter; Toxicity; Copper; Land application ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species AN - 17135189; 4433952 AB - Individual tree mortality models were developed for the six major forest species of Austria: Norway spruce (Picea abies), white fir (Abies alba), European larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus silvatica), and oak (Quercus spp.); a joint model for the remaining broadleaf species was also developed. Data came from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent plot network of the Austrian National Forest Inventory. Parameters of the logistic equation were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. For all species, we found the hyperbolic transformation of diameter (D super(-1)) to be highly significant in predicting the high mortality rates for small diameter trees and decreasing mortality rates for larger diameters. For spruce, a quadratic transformation in D was needed to accurately model the increase in mortality observed for large, low-vigor trees with diameter ?70 cm, which resulted in a U-shaped distribution. Crown ratio was also consistently significant, except for oak. We likewise found basal-area-in-larger-trees (BAL) to be a highly significant predictor of mortality rate for all species except fir and oak. Predicted mortality rate increases as the basal area in larger trees increases and as crown ratio decreases. The resulting logistic mortality model had the same general form for all species, with the signs of all parameters conforming to expectations. In general, chi-square statistics indicate that the most important variable is D super(-1), the second most important is crown ratio, and the third most important predictor is BAL. The relative importance of crown ratio appears to be greater for shade tolerant species (fir, beech, spruce) than for shade intolerant species (larch, Scots pine, oak). Examination of graphs of observed vs. predicted mortality rates reveals that the species-specific mortality models are all well behaved, and match the observed mortality rates quite well. The D super(-1) transformation is flexible, as can be seen by comparing the rather different mortality rates of larch and Scots pine. Predicted and observed mortality rates with respect to crown ratio are quite close to the observed mortality rates for all but the smallest crown ratios (CR<20%), a class with very few observations. Finally, the logistic mortality models passed a validation test on independent data not used in parameter estimation. The key ingredient for obtaining a good mortality model is a data set that is both large and representative of the population under study, and the Austrian National Forest Inventory data satisfy both requirements. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Monserud, R A AU - Sterba, H AD - Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest Research Stations, USDA Forest Service, 1221 SW Yamhill #200 Portland, OR 97205 USA Y1 - 1999/01/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 25 SP - 109 EP - 123 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 113 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Austria KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17135189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Modeling+individual+tree+mortality+for+Austrian+forest+species&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A%3BSterba%2C+H&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-25&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Trees; Models; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites AN - 17132649; 4433953 AB - Regenerating oak stands on productive upland sites in the Piedmont region is a major problem because of intense competition from yellow-poplar. As a potential solution to this problem, we tested the hypothesis that a shelterwood harvest of an oak-dominated stand, followed several years later by a prescribed fire, would adequately regenerate the stand. Three oak-dominated stands, in which shelterwood harvests had been conducted several years earlier, were each divided into spring burn, summer burn, winter burn, and control treatments. Three years after the prescribed fires, oak had higher density and stocking in burned as compared to unburned areas while yellow-poplar had its highest density and stocking in the controls. Season-of-burn interacted with fire intensity to create several probable outcomes of stand development. Areas treated with high-intensity fire during the spring will develop into oak-dominated stands after just one burn. Controls and areas treated with low-intensity fire will become dominated by yellow-poplar. Other combinations of fire intensity and season-of-burn will produce mixed hardwood stands with varying proportions of oak. Combining shelterwood harvesting with prescribed fire appears to be a viable method for regenerating oak stands on productive upland sites in the Piedmont region and may be applicable elsewhere. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brose, P AU - Van Lear, D AU - Cooper, R AD - USDA Forest Service, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634-1003 USA Y1 - 1999/01/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 25 SP - 125 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 113 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Oaks KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Quercus KW - Competition KW - Reforestation KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Using+shelterwood+harvests+and+prescribed+fire+to+regenerate+oak+stands+on+productive+upland+sites&rft.au=Brose%2C+P%3BVan+Lear%2C+D%3BCooper%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brose&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-25&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Competition; Fires; Reforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of fire intensity levels for stand replacement of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) AN - 17132332; 4434210 AB - Stand-replacement prescribed fire has been recommended to regenerate stands of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) in the southern Appalachian mountains because the species has serotinous cones and is shade-intolerant. A 350 ha prescribed fire in northeast Georgia provided an opportunity to observe overstory mortality and regeneration of table mountain pine at various levels of fire intensity. Fire intensity for each of 60 study plots was classified by discriminant function analysis. Fires of low and medium-low intensity gave rise to abundant regeneration but may not have killed enough of the overstory to prevent shading. High-intensity fires killed almost all overstory trees but may have destroyed some of the seeds. Fires of medium-high intensity may have been the best choice; they killed overstory trees and allowed abundant regeneration. The forest floor remained thick after fires of all intensities, but roots of pine seedlings penetrated duff layers up to 7.5 cm thick to reach the mineral soil. In this study area, fire intensity levels did not have to reach extreme levels in order to successfully regenerate table mountain pine. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Waldrop, T A AU - Brose, PH AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 239 Lehotsky Hall Clemson, SC 29634-1003 USA Y1 - 1999/01/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 25 SP - 155 EP - 166 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 113 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Table mountain pine KW - USA, Georgia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - Seeds KW - Pinus pungens KW - Reforestation KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+fire+intensity+levels+for+stand+replacement+of+table+mountain+pine+%28Pinus+pungens+Lamb.%29&rft.au=Waldrop%2C+T+A%3BBrose%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Waldrop&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-25&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus pungens; Seeds; Fires; Forest management; Reforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viability staining of soybean suspension-cultured cells and a seedling stem cutting assay to evaluate phytotoxicity of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines culture filtrates AN - 17602188; 4704616 AB - The phytotoxicity of culture filtrates of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, the fungus causing sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max), was tested with a viability stain of soybean suspension-cultured cells and a stem cutting assay of soybean seedlings. Suspension-cultured cells from a SDS-susceptible soybean cultivar were exposed to cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines or other F. solani isolates for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days and then stained with 0.1% phenosafranin. The percentage of dead soybean suspension-cultured cells was greater (P<0.001) with filtrates prepared from F. solani f. sp. glycines than from other F. solani isolates, and dead cells increased over time and with higher concentrations of culture filtrate. Cuttings of soybean seedlings with their stems immersed in culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines isolates developed SDS-like foliar symptoms, but not when immersed in filtrates of other isolates. There was a positive correlation (r=0.94, P<0.001) between soybean foliar symptom severity and percentage of stained soybean suspension-cultured cells. Both methods were used to determine the phytotoxicity of fungal culture filtrates. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Li, S AU - Hartman, G L AU - Widholm, J M AD - USDA, ARS and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, ghartman@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1999/01/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 08 SP - 375 EP - 380 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - soybean KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Plant breeding KW - Fusarium solani glycines KW - Seedlings KW - Suspension culture KW - Stems KW - Glycine max KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17602188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Viability+staining+of+soybean+suspension-cultured+cells+and+a+seedling+stem+cutting+assay+to+evaluate+phytotoxicity+of+Fusarium+solani+f.+sp.+glycines+culture+filtrates&rft.au=Li%2C+S%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BWidholm%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-08&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990050589 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani glycines; Glycine max; Suspension culture; Stems; Seedlings; Plant breeding DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050589 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retinoid signaling and activator protein-1 expression in ferrets given beta-carotene supplements and exposed to tobacco smoke. AN - 69548645; 9890171 AB - Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that individuals who eat more fruits and vegetables and/or have high levels of serum beta-carotene have a lower risk of cancer, especially lung cancer. However, recent human intervention studies using beta-carotene supplements have shown an increase in the risk of lung cancer among smokers and asbestos workers. In this study, we used an animal model system to evaluate the hazard associated with a combination of high-dose beta-carotene supplementation and tobacco smoking. Ferrets were given a beta-carotene supplement, exposed to cigarette smoke, or both for 6 months. Cell proliferation and squamous metaplasia in lung tissue were assessed by examination of proliferating-cell nuclear antigen expression and histopathologic examination, respectively. beta-Carotene and retinoid concentrations in lung tissue and plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Expression of genes for retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and activator protein-1 (encoded by the c-Jun and c-Fos genes) in lung tissue specimens was examined by western blotting. A strong proliferative response in lung tissue and squamous metaplasia was observed in all beta-carotene-supplemented animals, and this response was enhanced by exposure to tobacco smoke. When compared with control groups, all three treatment groups had statistically significantly lower concentrations of retinoic acid in lung tissue, and they exhibited 18%-73% reductions in RARbeta gene expression; however, RARalpha and RARgamma gene expression was not reduced. Ferrets given a beta-carotene supplement and exposed to tobacco smoke had threefold to fourfold elevated expression of the c-Jun and c-Fos genes. Diminished retinoid signaling, resulting from the suppression of RARbeta gene expression and overexpression of activator protein-1, could be a mechanism to enhance lung tumorigenesis after high-dose beta-carotene supplementation and exposure to tobacco smoke. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Wang, X D AU - Liu, C AU - Bronson, R T AU - Smith, D E AU - Krinsky, N I AU - Russell, M AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Wang_CN@HNRC.TUFTS.EDU Y1 - 1999/01/06/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 06 SP - 60 EP - 66 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid KW - Smoke KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - retinoic acid receptor beta KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - retinol palmitate KW - 1D1K0N0VVC KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Vitamin A -- analogs & derivatives KW - Humans KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- genetics KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Vitamin A -- analysis KW - Tretinoin -- analysis KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- biosynthesis KW - Metaplasia KW - Ferrets KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Genes, fos KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Genes, jun KW - beta Carotene -- analysis KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - beta Carotene -- toxicity KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- physiology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- genetics KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Tobacco KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69548645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Retinoid+signaling+and+activator+protein-1+expression+in+ferrets+given+beta-carotene+supplements+and+exposed+to+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Wang%2C+X+D%3BLiu%2C+C%3BBronson%2C+R+T%3BSmith%2C+D+E%3BKrinsky%2C+N+I%3BRussell%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-01-06&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Jan 6;91(1):7-9 [9890162] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple purpose forests and the national forest system AN - 918036390; 13669975 AB - The history of the legislative basis for managing National Forests in the USA has led to forests managed for multiple uses for a wide diversity of users and interests. Evolution of emphasis on National Forests from mandates to "preserve and protect" and provide "a continuous supply of timber" to concerns about owls, ecosystem management and contemporary rural development have included changes in on-the-ground forest management. All of these phases include needs for planted forests established and maintained for multiple purposes and benefits. JF - New Forests AU - Barnette, Karen AD - USDA Forest Service, Sacramento, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 119 EP - 127 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - forest management KW - USA KW - rural development KW - Forests KW - Legislation KW - national forests KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918036390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Multiple+purpose+forests+and+the+national+forest+system&rft.au=Barnette%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Barnette&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006571321914 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forest management; Historical account; rural development; Forests; Legislation; national forests; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006571321914 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Private forest investment and long-run sustainable harvest volumes AN - 759316308; 13669983 AB - Private timberlands in the United States have the biological potential to provide larger quantities of timber on a sustainable basis than they do today. Most opportunities for increasing growth and harvest lie on nonindustrial private lands in the South. Past studies, based on fixed scenarios of future prices, also suggest that many of these opportunities for intensified management can be undertaken with positive economic returns. Translation of these physical and apparent economic potentials into projections of future management and harvest requires a model of private timber management investment behavior. This study examines the dynamics of investment in private forest management according to a model of timber markets and timber supply in which intertemporal levels of private investment, harvest, and timber prices are all endogenous. The results of this model are used to examine the extent and types of possible future private management investments and how these will affect timber supply. In addition, the sensitivity of these projections to variations in key market and behavioral determinants is examined through simulation of alternative scenarios involving reduced public timber harvest and constraints on planting investment of nonindustrial private owners. The base case illustrates the substantial potential of timberlands for increased growth and harvest. This requires, however, investments in planting well beyond those observed in recent years. Given this, the area in planted forests would almost triple within the next 30 years. Expanded investment would allow immediate increases in timber harvest and sustained increases in timber inventory, with virtually no trend in softwood log prices. Projected increases in plantation area would concentrate timber production on fewer hectares, with more hectares managed passively. Naturally regenerated forests in the future would cover at least three-quarters of the private timberland area, with hardwoods continuing to dominate. Restricting nonindustrial private plantation investment to levels observed in the recent past markedly alters projections for softwoods, thus raising prices and reducing timber harvest relative to the base case across the full projection period. In contrast, reductions in public timber harvest alone result in increased prices and reduced total cut in the near term, but have limited impact on the outlook three-five decades hence, because private investment effectively compensates for public timber harvest reductions. JF - New Forests AU - Alig, Ralph J AU - Adams, Darius M AU - Chmelik, John T AU - Bettinger, Pete AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 307 EP - 327 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - hardwoods KW - Forests KW - planting KW - softwoods KW - Timber supply KW - plantations KW - forest management KW - USA KW - Economics KW - Private lands KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759316308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Private+forest+investment+and+long-run+sustainable+harvest+volumes&rft.au=Alig%2C+Ralph+J%3BAdams%2C+Darius+M%3BChmelik%2C+John+T%3BBettinger%2C+Pete&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006559320038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plantations; forest management; hardwoods; Economics; planting; Forests; softwoods; Timber supply; Private lands; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006559320038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the sustainable productivity of planted forests AN - 759315519; 13669982 AB - Planted forests have more than a millennium of history and represent the world's best hope for meeting global wood requirements in the twenty-first century. Advances in genetic improvement, nursery practices, stand establishment, and tending, harvesting, and manufacturing have boosted plantation yields to a higher level than at any point in history. Despite this, forest managers face a mounting challenge to demonstrate that plantation productivity is sustainable. Tackling this challenge requires a sound understanding of the principles of forest productivity, how they apply to a developing plantation, and how they are influenced by management. In this paper criticisms of plantation forestry are discussed from the basis of world experience, and examples of productivity decline are described. Obvious declines are rare, and can be attributed to poor soil management. However, ambiguities exist and controversy will continue until sustainable productivity can be demonstrated conclusively. Proposed programs aim to provide the technical base needed for sound soil management and sustainable plantation productivity. JF - New Forests AU - Powers, Robert F AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Redding, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 263 EP - 306 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - plantations KW - Historical account KW - forest productivity KW - harvesting KW - Soil management KW - Sustainable development KW - Wood KW - Forestry KW - ENA 10:Noise Pollution KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759315519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=On+the+sustainable+productivity+of+planted+forests&rft.au=Powers%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006555219130 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plantations; Historical account; forest productivity; harvesting; Soil management; Wood; Sustainable development; Forestry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006555219130 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loblolly -- the pine for the twenty-first century AN - 759315511; 13669971 AB - Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was a minor component of the vast natural forests of the southern United States before the region was settled by immigrants. Extensive planting and natural regeneration of cutover forest land and abandoned farmland between 1930 and 1990 made loblolly the leading timber species in the United States. It now predominates on 13.4 million ha (45 percent) of the commercial forest land in the southern United States (between latitudes 28 N and 39 N and longitudes 75 W and 97 W) and directly or indirectly provides 110,000 jobs and $30 billion to the economy of the region. The extreme versatility of loblolly has also provided important environmental contributions to most southern states. These include landscape beautification, erosion control, soil amelioration, excellent wildlife habitat, and outstanding recreational opportunities. Incorporating existing pest management strategies into silvicultural systems can produce substantial and long-lasting insect and disease control with little cost or physical effort. Introductions of loblolly into numerous countries around the world (especially China, Brazil, and Argentina) have proven to be very successful, environmentally sound, and commercially profitable. In some locations, loblolly grows much faster than on sites of similar quality in the southern United States. JF - New Forests AU - Schultz, Robert P AD - Southern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 71 EP - 88 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - immigrants KW - Pinus taeda KW - Forests KW - agricultural land KW - insects KW - disease control KW - Soil KW - USA KW - Argentina KW - erosion control KW - Economics KW - China, People's Rep. KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759315511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Loblolly+--+the+pine+for+the+twenty-first+century&rft.au=Schultz%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006533212151 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; silviculture; immigrants; erosion control; Economics; Forests; agricultural land; disease control; insects; Pinus taeda; USA; Argentina; China, People's Rep. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006533212151 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forests planted for ecosystem restoration or conservation AN - 755140928; 13669977 AB - Although the phrase, "planting for ecosystem restoration," is of recent origin, many of the earliest large-scale tree plantings were made for what we now refer to as "restoration" or "conservation" goals. Forest restoration activities may be needed when ecosystems are disturbed by either natural or anthropogenic forces. Disturbances can impact (1) basic components of the system (e.g., plant and animal composition, soil pools, and atmospheric pools), (2) ecosystem processes, i.e., interactions among basic components, or (3) both components and processes. Early efforts at restoration or site rehabilitation focused primarily on reducing off-site impacts, such as sediment introduced into streams from ecosystems that had been severely disturbed. More recent restoration programs include ecosystems in which only some of the components are missing or some of the processes have been impacted. Restoration activities can begin immediately after the disturbance has ended. Although forest restoration projects can include many activities, planting is almost always a key component. When planning an ecosystem restoration project, land managers need to be aware that commonly used plant establishment and management procedures may need to be altered to meet project objectives. Some systems may have been so severely impacted that ameliorative activities, e.g., fertilization, liming, land contouring, and microsite preparation, will be necessary prior to planting. Managers may also need to take special measures to reduce herbivory, control competing vegetation, or reduce physical damage from wind or sun. Choice of species needs careful consideration. Desired species may not grow well on degraded sites, may need a nurse species to become established, or may not provide an opportunity to harvest a short-term crop to reduce restoration costs. New methods may need to be developed for projects that require underplanting or interplanting. The end result of restoration should be an ecosystem with the same level of heterogeneity inherent in an undisturbed system; thus, managers should consider how pre- and postplanting activities will affect system variability. As our understanding of ecosystems has increased, so has our expectation that restored ecosystems have the same components and function in the same manner as do undisturbed systems. These expectations require that land managers have more sophisticated information than was considered necessary previously. In the absence of more pertinent information, we can prescribe restoration activities based on results from related ecosystems or on theoretical considerations. Additional research, careful monitoring, and adaptive management are critical to our long-term success. JF - New Forests AU - Harrington, Constance A AD - Resource Management and Productivity Research Program, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 175 EP - 190 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 17 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Pools KW - Forests KW - Ecological Effects KW - Streams KW - Medical personnel KW - sun KW - Restoration KW - Long-term planning KW - Interspecific relationships KW - herbivory KW - Heterogeneity KW - Wind KW - Damage KW - planting KW - Vegetation KW - Liming KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Short-term planning KW - Plants KW - Conservation KW - nursing KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755140928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Forests+planted+for+ecosystem+restoration+or+conservation&rft.au=Harrington%2C+Constance+A&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006539910527 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Long-term planning; Interspecific relationships; Short-term planning; Anthropogenic factors; Liming; Forests; Ecosystem disturbance; Restoration; herbivory; Plants; Vegetation; Conservation; planting; nursing; sun; Medical personnel; Damage; Ecosystems; Pools; Ecological Effects; Heterogeneity; Streams; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006539910527 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese deficiency and toxicity: are high or low dietary amounts of manganese cause for concern? AN - 70005213; 10475586 AB - Manganese is an essential trace element that is required for the activity of several enzymes. Manganese is also quite toxic when ingested in large amounts, such as the inhalation of Mn-laden dust by miners. This review examines Mn intake by way of the food supply and poses the question: Is there reason to be concerned with Mn toxicity or deficiency in free-living populations in North America? Although much remains to be learned of the functions of Mn, at present there are only a few vaguely described cases of Mn deficiency in the medical literature. Given the heterogeneity of the North American food supply, it is difficult to see the possibility of more than greatly isolated and unique instances of Mn deficiency. However, low Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase activity may be associated with cancer susceptibility, and deserves further study. There may be reasons, however, to be concerned about Mn toxicity under some very specialized conditions. Increasing numbers of young people are adopting a vegetarian lifestyle which may greatly increase Mn intake. Iron deficiency may increase Mn absorption and further increase the body-burden of Mn, especially in vegetarians. Mn is eliminated primarily through the bile, and hepatic dysfunction could depress Mn excretion and further contribute to the body burden. Would such a combination of events predispose substantial numbers of people to chronic Mn toxicity? At present, there is no definite proof of this occurring, but given the state of knowledge at the present time, more studies with longer time-frames and more sensitive methods of analysis are needed. JF - BioFactors (Oxford, England) AU - Finley, J W AU - Davis, C D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 15 EP - 24 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0951-6433, 0951-6433 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Humans KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Iron, Dietary -- pharmacology KW - Manganese Poisoning KW - Manganese -- deficiency KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70005213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Manganese+deficiency+and+toxicity%3A+are+high+or+low+dietary+amounts+of+manganese+cause+for+concern%3F&rft.au=Finley%2C+J+W%3BDavis%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09516433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromium as a supplement. AN - 69959870; 10448525 AB - Chromium (Cr) is an essential mineral element that has received considerable public attention. The suggestion that Cr intake is generally low has generated interest regarding the purported beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on biological function and health of animals and humans. This review briefly describes key aspects of Cr nutritional status and evaluates the effects of Cr supplementation on various components of biological function, body composition, and health. A novel biological role of Cr in regulation of insulin function is described. Although promising results of Cr supplementation are presented, the considerable challenge of developing methods for routine assessment of Cr nutriture in humans remains. JF - Annual review of nutrition AU - Lukaski, H C AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, North Dakota 58202, USA. hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 279 EP - 302 VL - 19 SN - 0199-9885, 0199-9885 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Glucose Intolerance KW - Body Composition KW - Exercise KW - Diet KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Chromium -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69959870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Chromium+as+a+supplement.&rft.au=Lukaski%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Lukaski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+nutrition&rft.issn=01999885&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A chronic ethanol-feeding study in rhesus monkeys. AN - 69908869; 10419121 AB - This study describes the effect of chronic ethanol-feeding in rhesus monkeys. Animals which were maintained on a diet containing 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 as 1.4 and 0.08% of the calories, respectively, and consumed alcohol (mean 2.6 g kg(-1) d(-1)) had decreased amounts of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 in their livers and plasma lipids compared with controls. Alcohol consumption did not appear to effect the absorption of 2H(5)-18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 esters into the blood following an oral dose. There was an increase in 2H5 enrichment in plasma 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3, indicating that alcohol may have increased production of these fatty acids. There was a greater concentration of 4-hydroxynonenal in the plasma of alcohol-exposed monkeys compared to controls. JF - Lipids AU - Pawlosky, R J AU - Salem, N AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Pawlosky@bhnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - S131 EP - S132 VL - 34 Suppl SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats, Unsaturated KW - Lipids KW - Deuterium KW - AR09D82C7G KW - Index Medicus KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Animals KW - Radioisotope Dilution Technique KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Male KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Alcoholism -- metabolism KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69908869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=A+chronic+ethanol-feeding+study+in+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Pawlosky%2C+R+J%3BSalem%2C+N&rft.aulast=Pawlosky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of processing on veterinary residues in foods. AN - 69770790; 10335379 AB - Heat stability of antibiotics in foods to cooking has been determined by a variety of methods. These include heating in such liquid media as milk, water, buffers and meat extracts, and in solids such as buffered meat homogenates and various sausages. Inactivation of incurred residues in tissues and eggs was also studied. Time and temperature of heating were more easily controlled in liquid media, but results in actual meat products are more indicative of actual cooking processes. Ordinary cooking procedures for meat, even to "well-done", cannot be relied on to inactivate even the more heat sensitive compounds such as penicillins and tetracyclines. More severe heating as for canning or prolonged cooking with moist heat can inactivate the more heat sensitive compounds. The relevance to food safety is uncertain since the nature of the degradation products is unknown in most cases. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Moats, W A AD - Meat Science Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 233 EP - 241 VL - 459 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Sheep KW - Fishes KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Veterinary Drugs -- chemistry KW - Drug Residues -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- chemistry KW - Cooking KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69770790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+processing+on+veterinary+residues+in+foods.&rft.au=Moats%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Moats&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postharvest changes in glycoalkaloid content of potatoes. AN - 69769179; 10335373 AB - Potatoes contain antinutritional and potentially toxic compounds including inhibitors of digestive enzymes, hemagglutinins, and glycoalkaloids. Solanum glycoalkaloids are reported to inhibit cholinesterase, disrupt cell membranes, and induce teratogenicity. In this overview, we describe the role of potatoes in the human diet, reported changes in glycoalkaloid content of fresh and processed potatoes during storage, under the influence of light and radiation, following mechanical damage, and as a result of food processing. Also covered are safety aspects and suggested research needs to develop a protocol that can be adopted by the potato producers and processors to minimize post-harvest synthesis of glycoalkaloids in potatoes. Reducing the glycoalkaloid content of potatoes will provide a variety of benefits extending from the farm to processing, shipping, marketing, and consumption of potatoes and potato products. A commercially available ELISA kit is described which permits rapid assay of glycoalkaloid content of parts of the potato plant including leaves, tubers, and peel, as well as processed potato products including french fries, chips, and skins. Understanding the multiple overlapping aspects of glycoalkaloids in the plant and in the diet will permit controlling postharvest glycoalkaloid production for the benefit of the producer and consumer. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Friedman, M AU - McDonald, G M AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 121 EP - 143 VL - 459 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Glucose-6-Phosphate KW - 56-73-5 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Folic Acid -- metabolism KW - Glucose-6-Phosphate -- metabolism KW - Plant Structures -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - NADP -- metabolism KW - Humidity KW - Food Irradiation KW - Light KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Taste KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Solanum tuberosum -- chemistry KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Solanum tuberosum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69769179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Postharvest+changes+in+glycoalkaloid+content+of+potatoes.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BMcDonald%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combinatorial chemistry and its applications in agriculture and food. AN - 69767295; 10335388 AB - Combinatorial chemistry has become a major focus of research activity in the pharmaceutical industry for development new therapeutic compounds. The same techniques could be potentially applied to benefit agricultural and food research. This article reviews the various procedures used in combinatorial chemistry, outlines some of the strengths and limitations of the various methods, and proposes potential areas in agriculture and food that could be benefited by this technology. These areas include developing new antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, and other additives, creating antigen-binding molecules for the detection or removal of food pathogens or toxicants, engineering food proteins and enzymes for specific functions, and modifying biosynthetic pathways for the production of novel natural products. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Wong, D W AU - Robertson, G H AD - Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 91 EP - 105 VL - 464 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Peptide Library KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry, Agricultural -- methods KW - Food Industry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69767295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Combinatorial+chemistry+and+its+applications+in+agriculture+and+food.&rft.au=Wong%2C+D+W%3BRobertson%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=464&rft.issue=&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agriculture sector resource and environmental policy analysis: an economic and biophysical approach. AN - 69742995; 10231835 AB - Agricultural pollution of the environment is jointly determined by economic decisions driving land use, production practices, and stochastic biophysical processes associated with agricultural production, land and climate characteristics. It follows that environmental and economic statistics, traditionally collected independently of each other, offer little insight into non-point pollutant loadings. We argue that effective policy development would be facilitated by integrating environmental and economic data gathering, combined with simulation modelling linking economic and biophysical components. Integrated data collection links economics, land use, production methods and environmental loadings. An integrated economic/biophysical modelling framework facilitates policy analysis because monetary incentives to reduce pollution can be evaluated in the context of market costs and returns that influence land use and production activity. This allows prediction of environmental and economic outcomes from alternative policies to solve environmental problems. We highlight steps taken to merge economic and biophysical modelling for policy analysis within the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. An example analysis of a policy to reduce agricultural nitrogen pollution is presented, with the economic and environmental results illustrating the value of linked economic and biophysical analysis. JF - Novartis Foundation symposium AU - House, R AU - McDowell, H AU - Peters, M AU - Heimlich, R AD - Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 243 EP - 61; discussion 261-4 VL - 220 SN - 1528-2511, 1528-2511 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Taxes KW - Humans KW - Models, Statistical KW - Data Collection KW - Models, Economic KW - Environmental Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Environmental Pollution -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69742995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novartis+Foundation+symposium&rft.atitle=Agriculture+sector+resource+and+environmental+policy+analysis%3A+an+economic+and+biophysical+approach.&rft.au=House%2C+R%3BMcDowell%2C+H%3BPeters%2C+M%3BHeimlich%2C+R&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Novartis+Foundation+symposium&rft.issn=15282511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, characterization and biological activity of a diuretic myokinin neuropeptide from the housefly, Musca domestica. AN - 69653640; 10098618 AB - A competitive ELISA employing a polyclonal antiserum raised against leucokinin-I was used to isolate and purify a myokinin (muscakinin) from 1.05 kg of adult houseflies (Musca domestica). Following solid-phase purification, seven HPLC column steps were used to purify 4.8 nmol of leucokinin-immunoreactive material. Sequence analysis and mass spectrometry were consistent with the structure Asn-Thr-Val-Val-Leu-Gly Lys-Lys-Gln-Arg-Phe-His-Ser-Trp-Gly NH2. This peptide was synthesized and co-eluted with the natural peptide on three different HPLC columns. The activities of natural and synthetic muscakinin were identical, with both producing a 4-5 fold increase in fluid secretion by housefly Malpighian tubules at nanomolar concentrations. The presence of a pair of basic residues (Lys-Lys) suggested muscakinin might be processed further, with the peptide pGlu-Arg-Phe-His-Ser-Trp-Gly NH2 being produced by conversion of an N-terminal glutamine to pyroglutamic acid. However, this analog was 1000-fold less active than the intact peptide, comparable to the activity of AK-V which shares the same C-terminal pentapeptide sequence. The diuretic activity of muscakinin is more than double that of a previously identified CRF-related diuretic peptide (Musca-DP) from the housefly, and the two peptides act synergistically in stimulating fluid secretion. Muscakinin also increased the frequency and amplitude of contractions by housefly hindgut which might further contribute to the excretory process. JF - Peptides AU - Holman, G M AU - Nachman, R J AU - Coast, G M AD - USDA Agriculture Research Service, Food Animal Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0196-9781, 0196-9781 KW - Diuretics KW - 0 KW - Neuropeptides KW - Oligopeptides KW - achetakinin KW - myokinin KW - leucokinin I KW - 104600-89-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Oligopeptides -- immunology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Drug Synergism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Neuropeptides -- pharmacology KW - Diuretics -- chemical synthesis KW - Diuretics -- pharmacology KW - Houseflies -- chemistry KW - Neuropeptides -- isolation & purification KW - Neuropeptides -- immunology KW - Neuropeptides -- chemical synthesis KW - Diuretics -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69653640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peptides&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+characterization+and+biological+activity+of+a+diuretic+myokinin+neuropeptide+from+the+housefly%2C+Musca+domestica.&rft.au=Holman%2C+G+M%3BNachman%2C+R+J%3BCoast%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Holman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Peptides&rft.issn=01969781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of pyrethrum residues in brown tree snakes. AN - 69580039; 9987852 AB - A reversed-phase solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography (SPE-GC)-electron capture detection method is developed to quantitate individual rethrin residues in pyrethrum-exposed brown tree snakes. Aliquots (6 g) of homogenized snake tissue are extracted with 10 mL acetonitrile. The rethrins are recovered from the acetonitrile extract and concentrated using C8 SPE. The rethrins are eluted from the SPE column with pentane, evaporated to near dryness, and reconstituted to 1 mL with 1-propanol. Individual rethrins are quantitated using GC analysis of the 1-propanol solution. Method limits of detection for rethrins range from 0.63 to 6.51 ng/g. The mean recovery for all rethrins is 70.8% with a standard deviation of 5.7%. This method is used to successfully quantitate incurred rethrin residues in pyrethrum-exposed brown tree snakes. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Johnston, J J AU - Furcolow, C A AU - Volz, S A AU - Mauldin, R E AU - Primus, T M AU - Savarie, P J AU - Brooks, J E AD - USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 5 EP - 10 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Pyrethrins KW - 1-Propanol KW - 96F264O9SV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guam KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Pyrethrins -- analysis KW - Snakes -- metabolism KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69580039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+pyrethrum+residues+in+brown+tree+snakes.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BFurcolow%2C+C+A%3BVolz%2C+S+A%3BMauldin%2C+R+E%3BPrimus%2C+T+M%3BSavarie%2C+P+J%3BBrooks%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence of Salmonella in the crop and ceca of broiler chickens before and after preslaughter feed withdrawal. AN - 69577122; 10023745 AB - Recent studies have suggested that crop contents may serve as an important source of Salmonella carcass contamination within processing plants. During the present study, we evaluated the effect of preslaughter feed withdrawal on the presence of Salmonella in the crops of broilers from nine commercial broiler flocks reared in individual growout houses. Crops were collected aseptically from 40 randomly selected broilers in each flock before feed removal and at the end of the feed withdrawal period, immediately before capture and transport to the processing plant. Similarly, the ceca were collected before and after feed withdrawal in six of the nine broiler flocks. The presence of Salmonella in the crops and ceca was determined by enrichment culture in tetrathionate broth followed by culture on brilliant green agar. The incidence of Salmonella in crop contents increased significantly (P < 0.05) in five of the nine flocks during feed withdrawal. The total number of Salmonella contaminated crops from all nine flocks increased significantly (P < 0.005) from 7/360 (1.9%) before feed removal to 36/359 (10.0%) at the end of feed withdrawal. The increased incidence of Salmonella in the crop contents was associated with an increased tendency of the broilers to consume contaminated rearing house litter during feed withdrawal. The incidence of Salmonella in the ceca increased nonsignificantly from 14/240 (5.8%) before feed removal to 19/240 (7.9%) at the end of feed withdrawal. The results indicate that the incidence of Salmonella crop contamination may increase as much as fivefold during preslaughter feed withdrawal and represent a critical preharvest control point in reducing Salmonella entry into the processing plant. JF - Poultry science AU - Corrier, D E AU - Byrd, J A AU - Hargis, B M AU - Hume, M E AU - Bailey, R H AU - Stanker, L H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. corrier@usda.tamu.edu Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 45 EP - 49 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Food Deprivation KW - Crop, Avian -- microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69577122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Presence+of+Salmonella+in+the+crop+and+ceca+of+broiler+chickens+before+and+after+preslaughter+feed+withdrawal.&rft.au=Corrier%2C+D+E%3BByrd%2C+J+A%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BHume%2C+M+E%3BBailey%2C+R+H%3BStanker%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Corrier&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The chemical form of selenium influences 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adduct formation in rat colon. AN - 69557022; 9915877 AB - There is increasing evidence that selenium can protect against tumorigenesis or preneoplastic lesion development induced by chemical carcinogens. This study examined whether selenite, selenate or selenomethionine would be protective against 3, 2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMABP)-DNA adduct formation in the liver and colon of rats and sought to delineate the mechanism for the protective effects of the different chemical forms of selenium against aberrant crypt formation, a preneoplastic lesion for colon cancer. After injection of DMABP, two DNA adducts were identified in the liver and colon of rats. Supplementation with either 0.1 or 2.0 mg selenium/kg diet as either selenite or selenate but not selenomethionine resulted in significantly fewer (53-70%; P < 0.05) N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-3, 2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (C8-DMABP)-DNA adducts in the colon but not the liver than in rats fed a selenium-deficient diet. Rats supplemented with selenomethionine had greater (P < 0.05) plasma and liver selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity than those supplemented with selenite or selenate; however, they also had more DMABP-DNA adducts. The protective effect of selenite and selenate against DMABP-DNA adduct formation apparently is not a result of alterations in plasma or liver selenium concentrations or altered glutathione peroxidase or glutathione transferase activities but may be related to differences in the metabolism of the different forms of selenium. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, C D AU - Feng, Y AU - Hein, D W AU - Finley, J W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Selenium Compounds KW - 2',3-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 13394-86-0 KW - Selenomethionine KW - 964MRK2PEL KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Sodium Selenite KW - HIW548RQ3W KW - Selenic Acid KW - HV0Y51NC4J KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Sodium Selenite -- pharmacology KW - Selenium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Selenomethionine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - DNA Adducts -- physiology KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Selenium -- pharmacology KW - Colon -- physiology KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69557022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+chemical+form+of+selenium+influences+3%2C2%27-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-DNA+adduct+formation+in+rat+colon.&rft.au=Davis%2C+C+D%3BFeng%2C+Y%3BHein%2C+D+W%3BFinley%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fiber-optic immunosensor for mycotoxins. AN - 69528944; 11122532 AB - Evanescent wave-based fiber-optic immunosensors were studied for the detection of fumonisins and aflatoxins in maize. Two formats, competitive and non-competitive, were used. A competitive format was used to measure fumonisin B1 (FB1) in both spiked and naturally contaminated maize samples. Fumonisin monoclonal antibodies were covalently coupled to an optical fiber and the competition between FB1 and FB1 labeled with fluorescein (FB1-FITC) for the limited number of binding sites on the fiber was assessed. The signal generated in the assay was inversely proportional to the FB1 concentration. For samples, the concentration causing an inhibition of binding by 50% (IC50) was dependent upon the clean-up procedure used. Simple dilution of methanolic maize extracts yielded an assay with an IC50 equivalent to 25 microg FB1 g(-1) maize with a limit of detection of 3.2 microg g(-1) maize. Affinity column clean-up yielded an assay with an IC50 equivalent to 5 microg FB1 g(-1) maize (limit of detection 0.4 microg FB1 g(-1)). An HPLC method and the immunosensor method agreed well for naturally contaminated maize samples except when large amounts of other fumonisins that cross-react with the immunosensor were present. The second sensor format, for the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), was a non-competitive assay using the native fluorescence of this mycotoxin. Because the fluorescence of AFB1 itself was detected, the response of the sensor was directly proportional to the toxin concentration. The sensor, while capable of detecting as little as 2 ng ml(-1) of AFB1 in solution was technically not an immunosensor, since the attachment of aflatoxin specific antibodies was not required. Sensors of the formats described have the potential to rapidly screen individual maize samples but require coupling with a clean-up technique to be truly effective. JF - Natural toxins AU - Maragos, C M AU - Thompson, V S AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 371 EP - 376 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Antigens, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Fluorescein KW - TPY09G7XIR KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Fluorescein -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- immunology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Antigens, Fungal -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques -- methods KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis KW - Optical Fibers KW - Chromatography, Affinity -- methods KW - Binding Sites KW - Fiber Optic Technology -- instrumentation KW - Carboxylic Acids -- immunology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Biosensing Techniques -- methods KW - Biosensing Techniques -- instrumentation KW - Mycotoxins -- immunology KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69528944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Fiber-optic+immunosensor+for+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BThompson%2C+V+S&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative inhibition of insect phenoloxidase by cyclic fungal metabolites from insect and plant pathogens. AN - 69528572; 11122526 AB - The fungal metabolite kojic acid, which is produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species fungi that may be pathogens of both insects and plants, was a significant inhibitor of phenoloxidase of different representative beetle and caterpillar insect species. Fusaric acid and picolinic acid, produced by Fusarium spp., were also significant inhibitors of phenoloxidase, while dipicolinic acid and beauvericin were ineffective at concentrations tested. Previous reports of the ability of kojic and fusaric acid to inhibit defensive enzymes of plants suggest that these compounds may be important in allowing the producing fungi to be pathogens of both insects and plants. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dowd, P F AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 337 EP - 341 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insect Proteins KW - Picolinic Acids KW - Pyrones KW - Chitin KW - 1398-61-4 KW - kojic acid KW - 6K23F1TT52 KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.18.1 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - picolinic acid KW - QZV2W997JQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hemolymph -- enzymology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Spodoptera -- enzymology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Penicillium -- metabolism KW - Hemolymph -- drug effects KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Insect Proteins -- drug effects KW - Insect Proteins -- metabolism KW - Pyrones -- toxicity KW - Fusaric Acid -- toxicity KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Monophenol Monooxygenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Insects -- enzymology KW - Picolinic Acids -- toxicity KW - Insects -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69528572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Relative+inhibition+of+insect+phenoloxidase+by+cyclic+fungal+metabolites+from+insect+and+plant+pathogens.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthetic and genetic relationships of B-series fumonisins produced by Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A. AN - 69528494; 11122515 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the maize pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A and frequently contaminate maize. Wild-type G. fujikuroi produces four B-series fumonisins, FB1, FB2, FR3 and FB4. These toxins are identical in structure except for the number and positions of hydroxyls along their linear carbon backbone. To elucidate the genetic and biosynthetic relationships among these fumonisins, we conducted meiotic and biochemical analyses of G. fujikuroi mutants with altered fumonisin production that resulted from defective alleles at three loci, Fum1, Fum2 and Fum3. These mutants produced either no fumonisins, only FR2 and FB4, or only FR3 and FR4. Genetic analyses revealed the orientation of the Fum loci along linkage group 1 of the fungus. The mutants were grown together in pair-wise combinations to determine if their fumonisin production phenotypes could be complemented. When FR3- and FB2-producing mutants were grown together, complementation occurred. However, when a nonproducing mutant was grown with a FR2- or FB3-producing mutant, complementation did not occur or was incomplete. When purified FR2, FR3, or FB4 was fed to mutant cultures, FR4 was converted primarily to FR2, FR3 was converted to FB1 and FB2 was not converted. The results from these assays suggest a previously unrecognized branch in the fumonisin biosynthetic pathway. JF - Natural toxins AU - Proctor, R H AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. proctorh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 251 EP - 258 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B4 KW - 136379-60-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Linkage KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Alleles KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Meiosis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Carboxylic Acids -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69528494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Biosynthetic+and+genetic+relationships+of+B-series+fumonisins+produced+by+Gibberella+fujikuroi+mating+population+A.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R+H%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HPLC/MS analysis of fusarium mycotoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. AN - 69528144; 11122531 AB - Fusarium fungi are widely found in agricultural products, worldwide and can produce a great variety of mycotoxins. Fumonisins, produced by F. moniliforme, and deoxynivalenol, produced by F. graminearum, are two such mycotoxins that have received considerable attention as food safety concerns by regulatory agencies. High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was found to be a convenient analytical method to detect and quantify the naturally occurring fumonisin homologs and deoxynivalenol in extracts from grains and food products. The fumonisins are detected primarily as protonated molecules in the positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode as they elute from a C-18 reverse phase column during a methanol water gradient containing acetic acid to facilitate chromatography. Deoxynivalenol can be detected as positive or negative ions in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mode or in the negative ion ESI mode. One nanogram amounts of fumonisins or deoxynivalenol injected into the HPLC system are easily detected with signal to noise allowing detection limits of 1 microg g(-1) or better to easily be achieved with minimal clean-up of grain extracts. JF - Natural toxins AU - Plattner, R D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. plattnrd@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 365 EP - 370 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69528144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=HPLC%2FMS+analysis+of+fusarium+mycotoxins%2C+fumonisins+and+deoxynivalenol.&rft.au=Plattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Plattner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repressor-AFLR interaction modulates aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 69497989; 10967969 AB - Regulation of aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis likely involves a complex interplay of positive- and negative-acting factors that are affected by physiological cues responsive to internal and external stimuli. These factors, presumably, modulate the expression of the AF pathway-specific regulatory gene, aflR, whose product, AFLR, a zinc cluster transcription factor, then turns on or off the transcription of other AF genes. To determine if the AFLR carboxyl region (AFLRC) interacts with positive- or negative-acting proteins, we fused the Aspergillus parasiticus aflR carboxyl coding region (aflRC) to the promoter of A. parasiticus nitrite reductase gene (niiA(p)::aflRC), and transformed it into A. parasiticus SRRC 2043. Transformants that contained two copies of niiA(p)::aflRC, one at the niaD locus and another at the aflR locus, overproduced AF precursors independent of the nitrogen source. The higher copy number of the integrated niiA(p)::aflRC correlated with increased production of AF precursors by the transformants as well as increased expression of both aflRC and native aflR in potato dextrose broth and A&M medium. Since aflRC does not encode a DNA-binding domain, the expressed AFLRC should not bind to the promoters of AF pathway genes and affect transcription directly. The results are consistent with AFLRC titrating out a putative repressor that interacts with AFLR under different growth conditions and modulates AF biosynthesis. This interaction also indirectly affects sclerotial development. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Chang, P K AU - Yu, J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. pkchang@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 147 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Nitrites KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Nitrite Reductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds -- metabolism KW - Nitrite Reductases -- genetics KW - Nitrites -- metabolism KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Repressor Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- growth & development KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69497989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Repressor-AFLR+interaction+modulates+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Chang%2C+P+K%3BYu%2C+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening of fungal species for fumonisin production and fumonisin-like disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis. AN - 69470617; 10822508 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by several species of Fusaria. They are found on corn and in corn-based products, can cause fatal illnesses in some animals and are suspected human esophageal carcinogens. Fumonisins are believed to cause toxicity by blocking ceramide synthase, a key enzyme in sphingolipid biochemistry which converts sphinganine (or sphingosine) and fatty acyl CoA to ceramide. Relatively few fungal species have been evaluated for their ability to produce fumonisins. Fewer have been studied to determine if they produce ceramide synthase inhibitors, whether fumonisin-like structures or not, therefore potentially having toxicity similar to fumonisins. We analyzed corn cultures of 49 isolates representing 32 diverse species of fungi for their ability to produce fumonisins. We also evaluated the culture extracts for ceramide synthase activity. Only cultures prepared with species reported previously to produce fumonisins--Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum--tested positive for fumonisins. Extracts of these cultures inhibited ceramide synthase, as expected. None of the other fungal isolates we examined produced fumonisins or other compounds capable of inhibiting ceramide synthase. Although the fungi we selected for these studies represent only a few of the thousands of species that exist, they share the commonality that they are frequently associated with cereal grasses, including corn, either as pathogens or as asymptomatic endophytes. Thus, these results should be encouraging to those attempting to find ways to genetically manipulate fumonisin-producing fungi, to make corn more resistant, or to develop biocontrol measures because it appears that only a relatively few fungal contaminants of corn can produce fumonisins. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Norred, W P AU - Bacon, C W AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, K A AU - Meredith, F I AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. wnorred@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 91 EP - 98 VL - 146 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Sphingolipids KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - dihydroceramide desaturase KW - EC 1.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Oxidoreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fungi -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Sphingolipids -- biosynthesis KW - Fungi -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69470617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Screening+of+fungal+species+for+fumonisin+production+and+fumonisin-like+disruption+of+sphingolipid+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BMeredith%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on levels of serotonin, melatonin, and 5-hydroxytryptophan in pineal cell cultures. AN - 69451087; 10721085 AB - Analysis of melatonin (MEL) in pineal cell cultures by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed its concentration was increased by fusaric acid (FA), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species and associated with toxic duck and ostrich feeds. Subsequent cell culture studies demonstrated the precursors of MEL, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) and serotonin (5HT), were also affected by FA as well as other Fusarium mycotoxins. Herein we describe a technique for the analysis of 5HTP and 5HT in pineal cell cultures using HPLC with electrochemical detection (EC), and report on the effects of FA alone and in combination with fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) on the levels of these MEL precursors. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Rimando, A M AU - Porter, J K AD - USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS 38677, USA. arimando@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 425 EP - 431 VL - 467 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan KW - C1LJO185Q9 KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Fusarium KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Pineal Gland -- cytology KW - Fusaric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Melatonin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69451087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Fusarium+mycotoxins+on+levels+of+serotonin%2C+melatonin%2C+and+5-hydroxytryptophan+in+pineal+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+A+M%3BPorter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=467&rft.issue=&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of pesticides in agricultural crop protection. AN - 69434874; 10681991 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ragsdale, N N AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-5140, USA. nnr@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 199 EP - 205 VL - 894 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Pesticides -- standards KW - Agrochemicals -- standards KW - Crops, Agricultural UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69434874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+pesticides+in+agricultural+crop+protection.&rft.au=Ragsdale%2C+N+N&rft.aulast=Ragsdale&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=894&rft.issue=&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agriculture and food security. AN - 69433677; 10681963 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Horn, F P AU - Breeze, R G AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 894 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Security Measures -- organization & administration KW - Agriculture -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Disaster Planning -- organization & administration KW - Civil Defense -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69433677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Agriculture+and+food+security.&rft.au=Horn%2C+F+P%3BBreeze%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=894&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supercritical fluid extraction of organochlorine pesticides in eggs. AN - 69275099; 10563873 AB - The efficacy of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the recovery of 16 common organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from liquid whole eggs was investigated by employing supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) without the use of a solvent modifier to minimize interfering coextractives. The OCPs tested included aldrin; alpha-, beta-, delta-, and gamma-BHCs; p,p'-DDD, -DDE, and -DDT; dieldrin; endosulfans I, II, and sulfate; endrin; endrin aldehyde; heptachlor; and heptachlor epoxide. The SFE conditions were as follows: 10000 psi (680 bar), 40 degrees C, SC-CO(2) flow rate of 3.0 L/min with an extraction time of 40 min for a total of 120 L of CO(2). The OCPs were trapped off-line in an SPE cartridge containing Florisil and then eluted by an acetone/hexane mixture and analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Recovery studies were carried out on homogenized eggs fortified at the 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 ppm levels. At the lowest level, 0.05 ppm, recoveries ranged from 81.8 to 108.3%, with CVs < 9.8%. All recoveries were significantly higher than those obtained by an AOAC/FDA solvent extraction method. Eggs containing incurred endosulfan I were also effectively extracted by SFE. This study suggests that the application of SFE for the extraction of OCPs from eggs will result in significant savings in analysis time and lower solvent use and disposal costs compared to conventional solvent extraction procedures. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Fiddler, W AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Gates, R A AU - Donoghue, D J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. wfiddler@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69275099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Supercritical+fluid+extraction+of+organochlorine+pesticides+in+eggs.&rft.au=Fiddler%2C+W%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BGates%2C+R+A%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Fiddler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Net-Based Anti-Poverty Empowerment Program T2 - Society for the Study of Social Problems AN - 61756778; 99S37820 AB - Describes a Web page to empower young people with knowledge & to solve a social problem. The problem is young people not knowing what the distribution of wage & salary incomes is & miscalculating important decisions that determine their future earnings. Most people think there are more large & fewer small incomes than there are. If young people could see the % of people like themselves, a few years older, making a given income, their motivation to work harder & stay in school longer might increase because they would see the large positive effect of education on earnings. In particular, they would see that dropping out of school means poverty. This Web page also shows that young people grow up faster than the US wage & salary income distribution has been improving. It requires the estimation of many conditional distributions of wage & salary income. In intercensal years, data from the Current Population Survey are supplemented with metapopulation information about the shape of income distribution in estimating conditional distributions. JF - Society for the Study of Social Problems AU - Angle, John AU - Brent, C Philip Y1 - 1999///0, PY - 1999 DA - 0, 1999 KW - Wages KW - Life Plans KW - Empowerment KW - Income Distribution KW - Occupational Choice KW - Internet KW - Youth KW - Education Work Relationship KW - Antipoverty Programs KW - proceeding KW - 2757: studies in poverty; studies in poverty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61756778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.atitle=A+Net-Based+Anti-Poverty+Empowerment+Program&rft.au=Angle%2C+John%3BBrent%2C+C+Philip&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative Measures of Pesticide Use AN - 61637295; 199904551 AB - While kilograms of pesticide is the most common way of measuring agricultural chemical use, the type of analysis will generally define what measure of chemical use is best. Different measures used in the US are considered here. The inferences one draws concerning pesticide use can vary substantially depending on the measure. 2 Tables, 6 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Health & Social Policy AU - Barnard, C AU - Uri, N D AD - Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Dept of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20005 Y1 - 1999///0, PY - 1999 DA - 0, 1999 SP - 31 EP - 40 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0897-7186, 0897-7186 KW - Measurement KW - Alternative Approaches KW - Pesticides KW - United States of America KW - article KW - 8350: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61637295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health+%26+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=Alternative+Measures+of+Pesticide+Use&rft.au=Barnard%2C+C%3BUri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Health+%26+Social+Policy&rft.issn=08977186&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Measurement; Alternative Approaches; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Geography of New Manufacturing Technology: Implications for the Nonmetropolitan South AN - 60429206; 200214480 AB - Despite the growth in services, manufacturing remains an essential part of the nonmetropolitan South's economy, responsible for 25% of total personal earnings. But low-education nonmetropolitan areas, which gained more than their share of manufacturing jobs in the 1970s & 1980s, lost jobs in the 1990s. Their manufacturing base is threatened not only by low-wage competition from abroad, but also by the spread of new technologies, which is raising the demand for production worker skills. Data from the Economic Research Service Rural Manufacturing Survey (RMS) show that labor quality is a central problem for adopters, particularly in low-education areas. The silver cloud is that these "new technology" manufacturers have a much greater interest in raising local education & skill levels than "old technology" manufacturers. 3 Tables, 5 Figures, 25 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Southern Rural Sociology AU - McGranahan, David A AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture, Washington, DC Y1 - 1999///0, PY - 1999 DA - 0, 1999 SP - 84 EP - 103 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0885-3436, 0885-3436 KW - Industrial Workers KW - Southern States KW - Manufacturing Industries KW - Work Skills KW - Employment Changes KW - Nonmetropolitan Areas KW - Technological Change KW - article KW - 0621: complex organization; jobs, work organization, workplaces, & unions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60429206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://www.ag.auburn.edu/auxiliary/srsa/pages/Articles/SRS%25201999%252015%252084-103.pdf LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SRSLF5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing Industries; Industrial Workers; Technological Change; Employment Changes; Work Skills; Southern States; Nonmetropolitan Areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nitrogen budget for late-successional hillslope Tabonuco Forest, Puerto Rico AN - 52405852; 2000-006048 AB - Nitrogen budgets of late successional forested stands and watersheds provide baseline data against which the effects of small- and large-scale disturbances may be measured. Using previously published data and supplemental new data on gaseous N loss, we construct a N budget for hillslope tabonuco forest (HTF) stands in Puerto Rico. HTF stands are subject to frequent hurricanes and landslides; here, we focus on N fluxes in the late phase of inter-disturbance forest development. N inputs from atmospheric deposition (4-6 kg N/ha/yr) are exceeded by N outputs from groundwater, gaseous N loss, and particulate N loss (6.3-15.7 kg N/ha/yr). Late-successional HTF stands also sequester N in their aggrading biomass (8 kg N/ha/yr), creating a total budget imbalance of 8.3-19.7 kg N/ha/yr. We surmise that this imbalance may be accounted for by ummeasured inputs from above- and below ground N-fixation and/or slow depletion of the large N pool in soil organic matter. Spatial and temporal variability, especially that associated with gaseous exchange and soil organic matter N-mineralization, constrain the reliability of this N budget. JF - Biogeochemistry (Dordrecht) AU - Chestnut, T J AU - Zarin, D J AU - McDowell, W H AU - Keller, M A2 - Townsend, Alan R. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 85 EP - 108 PB - Nijhoff/Junk, Dordrecht-Boston-Lancaster VL - 46 IS - 1-3 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - Greater Antilles KW - fixation KW - biomass KW - time variations KW - Tabonuco Forest KW - West Indies KW - ecosystems KW - Caribbean region KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - nutrients KW - landslides KW - Antilles KW - Puerto Rico KW - mass movements KW - drainage basins KW - depletion KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52405852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry+%28Dordrecht%29&rft.atitle=A+nitrogen+budget+for+late-successional+hillslope+Tabonuco+Forest%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Chestnut%2C+T+J%3BZarin%2C+D+J%3BMcDowell%2C+W+H%3BKeller%2C+M&rft.aulast=Chestnut&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry+%28Dordrecht%29&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100244/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antilles; biomass; Caribbean region; depletion; drainage basins; ecosystems; fixation; geochemical cycle; Greater Antilles; landslides; mass movements; nitrogen; nutrients; Puerto Rico; Tabonuco Forest; time variations; West Indies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone; back to the basics AN - 52395457; 2000-015090 AB - More than ever before in the history of scientific investigation, modeling is viewed as a fundamental component of the scientific method because of the relatively recent development of the computer. No longer must the scientific investigator be confined to artificially isolated studies of individual processes that can lead to oversimplified and sometimes erroneous conceptions of larger phenomena. Computer models now enable scientists to attack problems related to open systems such as climatic change, and the assessment of environmental impacts, where the whole of the interactive processes are greater than the sum of their isolated components. Environmental assessment involves the determination of change of some constituent over time. This change can be measured in real time or predicted with a model. The advantage of prediction, like preventative medicine, is that it can be used to alter the occurrence of potentially detrimental conditions before they are manifest. The much greater efficiency of preventative, rather than remedial, efforts strongly justifies the need for an ability to accurately model environmental contaminants such as non-point source (NPS) pollutants. However, the environmental modeling advances that have accompanied computer technological development are a mixed blessing. Where once we had a plethora of discordant data without a holistic theory, now the pendulum has swung so that we suffer from a growing stockpile of models of which a significant number have never been confirmed or even attempts made to confirm them. Modeling has become an end in itself rather than a means because of limited research funding, the high cost of field studies, limitations in time and patience, difficulty in cooperative research and pressure to publish papers as quickly as possible. Modeling and experimentation should be ongoing processes that reciprocally enhance one another with sound, comprehensive experiments serving as the building blocks of models and models serving to economize experimental designs and directing objectives. The responsibility lies in the hands of modelers to adhere to the modeling process and to seek out experimentalists that can evaluate their model. Even though this warning is nothing new, the effort by modelers to heed it is still as much the exception as the rule. JF - Geophysical Monograph AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Letey, John, Jr AU - Carrillo, Marcia L K Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 323 EP - 342 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 108 SN - 0065-8448, 0065-8448 KW - GLEAMS KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - calibration KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - climate change KW - models KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - stochastic processes KW - theoretical models KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52395457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.atitle=Modeling+non-point+source+pollutants+in+the+vadose+zone%3B+back+to+the+basics&rft.au=Corwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BLetey%2C+John%2C+Jr%3BCarrillo%2C+Marcia+L+K&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=9781118664698&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.issn=00658448&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2FGM108p0323 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 138 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - GPMGAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calibration; climate change; computer programs; data processing; geographic information systems; GLEAMS; information systems; mathematical models; models; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; risk assessment; simulation; stochastic processes; theoretical models; unsaturated zone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GM108p0323 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A soil survey of Death Valley National Park; new techniques in standard soil survey AN - 52334359; 2000-055715 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Merkler, Douglas J AU - Lato, Leon AU - Scull, Peter Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 111 EP - 112 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - soil profiles KW - cartography KW - California KW - spatial distribution KW - geographic information systems KW - Death Valley KW - classification KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - information systems KW - USGS KW - remote sensing KW - digitization KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52334359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=A+soil+survey+of+Death+Valley+National+Park%3B+new+techniques+in+standard+soil+survey&rft.au=Merkler%2C+Douglas+J%3BLato%2C+Leon%3BScull%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Merkler&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Status of geologic research and mapping, Death Valley National Park N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; cartography; classification; Death Valley; digitization; geographic information systems; information systems; remote sensing; soil profiles; soil surveys; soils; spatial distribution; surveys; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology and geomorphology of the San Bernardino Valley, southeastern Arizona AN - 52281854; 2001-005757 AB - Geologic and geomorphologic data form the basic foundation for combined ecosystem and land-use management in the AZ-NM Borderlands Region. We have described and integrated the surficial geology, bedrock geology, and soil types of the valley at a scale of 1:24,000 for use by the ranching, land management, and research communities. The San Bernardino Valley is dominated by a Pleistocene basaltic volcanic field with more than 130 separate vents, associated lava flows, and pyroclastic deposits. Monogenetic pyroclastic cones are the most prominent features in the valley. Lava flows, ranging in age from 260 ka to 750 ka, are typically thin and form a series of overlapping surfaces. The approximate extent of individual flows can be mapped, although most flow surfaces are now grasslands mantled with clay-rich vertisols and basalt cobbles, with few primary flow features preserved. Steam-blast eruptions occurred in at least eight places, resulting in distinctive maar craters and tuff rings. Older flows (ranging 1-8 my) emanated from the Peloncillo and Pedregosa Mountains and flowed into the valley. Multiple flows, separated by alluvial gravels, have been penetrated by wells drilled in the valley. Sediments eroded from the adjacent mountains and deposited into the valley as alluvial fans are also an important component of the basin fill. These deposits consist of moderately to poorly sorted conglomerates and form the groundwater aquifers in the valley. Soils developed on alluvial deposits of different ages have distinctive characteristics. Deposits representing the Plio-Pleistocene, Pleistocene, Holocene, and modern have been differentiated based on geomorphic characteristics and stratigraphic relationships. Relief on these alluvial surfaces is very minimal north of Paramore Crater, whereas erosional incision is more pronounced to the south and exposes the interbedded nature of the basaltic units and alluvial units. Recent integration of this valley into the Rio Yaqui system has caused downcutting by the streams in the southern portion of the map area. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Biggs, Thomas H AU - Orr, Tim R AU - Leighty, Robert S AU - Skotnicki, Steven J AU - Pearthree, Philip A AU - Richard, Stephen M AU - McGuire, Cathy E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 79 EP - 80 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Rio Yaqui KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - Vertisols KW - surficial geology KW - ecosystems KW - Holocene KW - relief KW - ground water KW - Cenozoic KW - Pedregosa Mountains KW - basalts KW - tuff KW - soils KW - bedrock KW - Quaternary KW - lava flows KW - southeastern Arizona KW - Peloncillo Mountains KW - Paramore Crater KW - aquifers KW - volcanic fields KW - pyroclastics KW - Tertiary KW - Neogene KW - eruptions KW - alluvial fans KW - maars KW - Arizona KW - San Bernardino Valley KW - Pliocene KW - Pleistocene KW - geomorphology KW - land use KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52281854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Geology+and+geomorphology+of+the+San+Bernardino+Valley%2C+southeastern+Arizona&rft.au=Biggs%2C+Thomas+H%3BOrr%2C+Tim+R%3BLeighty%2C+Robert+S%3BSkotnicki%2C+Steven+J%3BPearthree%2C+Philip+A%3BRichard%2C+Stephen+M%3BMcGuire%2C+Cathy+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Biggs&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvial fans; aquifers; Arizona; basalts; bedrock; Cenozoic; ecosystems; eruptions; geomorphology; ground water; Holocene; igneous rocks; land use; lava flows; maars; Neogene; Paramore Crater; Pedregosa Mountains; Peloncillo Mountains; Pleistocene; Pliocene; pyroclastics; Quaternary; relief; Rio Yaqui; San Bernardino Valley; soils; southeastern Arizona; surficial geology; Tertiary; tuff; United States; Vertisols; volcanic fields; volcanic rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atrazine, metolachlor and chlorpyrifos mixtures on the survival and growth of larval frogs under laboratory and field conditions AN - 52237914; 2001-035745 AB - Frog larvae may be exposed to pesticides in constructed wetlands that intercept non-point source runoff from cropfields. The effects of atrazine, metolachlor and chlorpyrifos mixtures on larval frogs were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory mesocosms, grey treefrog larvae were exposed to 200 to 2000 ppb atrazine-metolachlor and 100 to 1000 ppb chlorpyrifos, individually and as mixtures. The high combination treatments resulted in the death of all tadpoles. Lethargy, balance and swimming abnormalities, and depressed appetites were observed in tadpoles in low combination treatments and low and high chlorpyrifos treatments. Normal behavior, swimming and flight responses were eventually recovered and maintained through metamorphosis. Tadpoles in high chlorpyrifos and low combination treatments had significantly lower body weights and increased time to metamorphosis than controls. Weights of metamorphosed froglets exposed to high atrazine-metolachlor and high chlorpyrifos treatments were significantly lower than controls. Two concentrations of atrazine-metolachlor, 200 ppb and 2000 ppb, were applied in combination with 100 ppb chlorpyrifos in single doses to outdoor wetland macrocosms colonized by free-ranging frogs. Wetlands were seined for larvae three times over an 85 day period. By 21 days post-spray, the high and low atrazine-metolachlor+low chlorpyrifos treatments caused significant mortality of larval green frogs, bullfrogs and grey treefrogs. By 54 days post-spray, frogs recolonized and bred in treated macrocosms; no significant difference in the total mean number of tadpoles caught from high and low atrazine-metolachlor+low chlorpyrifos treatments and controls was observed. 85 days post-treatment, no significant difference in the total mean number of tadpoles caught from high and low atrazine-metolachlor+low chlorpyrifos treatments and controls was detectable.It was concluded that transient exposure to atrazine, metolachlor and chlorpyrifos mixtures under environmentally realistic conditions can cause significant mortality and adverse behavioral and growth effects to frog larvae. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Mazanti, Laura E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 451 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - Chordata KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - metolachlor KW - nonpoint sources KW - constructed wetlands KW - Amphibia KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - wetlands KW - atrazine KW - runoff KW - Vertebrata KW - pesticides KW - chlorpyrifos KW - Tetrapoda KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52237914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atrazine%2C+metolachlor+and+chlorpyrifos+mixtures+on+the+survival+and+growth+of+larval+frogs+under+laboratory+and+field+conditions&rft.au=Mazanti%2C+Laura+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mazanti&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amphibia; atrazine; chlorpyrifos; Chordata; constructed wetlands; experimental studies; field studies; herbicides; hydrology; metolachlor; nonpoint sources; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; runoff; Tetrapoda; triazines; Vertebrata; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case study of the engineering geologic problems at Long Park Dam, Daggett County, Utah, or how I spent my 1997 summer vacation smoking marmots AN - 51633065; 2006-009987 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Rasely, Robert AU - Simon, David S AU - Keaton, Jeffrey R Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 82 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 42 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - embankments KW - reservoirs KW - geophysical methods KW - case studies KW - thermal analysis KW - gravity methods KW - Long Park Dam KW - Daggett County Utah KW - dams KW - Utah KW - drilling KW - construction KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51633065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=A+case+study+of+the+engineering+geologic+problems+at+Long+Park+Dam%2C+Daggett+County%2C+Utah%2C+or+how+I+spent+my+1997+summer+vacation+smoking+marmots&rft.au=Rasely%2C+Robert%3BSimon%2C+David+S%3BKeaton%2C+Jeffrey+R&rft.aulast=Rasely&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 42nd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; construction; Daggett County Utah; dams; drilling; embankments; geophysical methods; gravity methods; Long Park Dam; reservoirs; thermal analysis; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil sampling, preparation, archiving, and quality control AN - 51369581; 2007-109565 JF - Long-Term Ecological Research Network Series AU - Boone, Richard D AU - Grigal, David F AU - Sollins, Phillip AU - Ahrens, Robert J AU - Armstrong, David E A2 - Robertson, G. Philip A2 - Coleman, David C. A2 - Bledsoe, Caroline S. A2 - Sollins, Phillip Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 3 EP - 28 PB - Oxford University Press, New York, NY VL - 2 KW - soils KW - chemical analysis KW - data processing KW - research KW - information management KW - soil sampling KW - laboratory studies KW - sample preparation KW - standard materials KW - quality control KW - testing KW - metadata KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51369581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long-Term+Ecological+Research+Network+Series&rft.atitle=Soil+sampling%2C+preparation%2C+archiving%2C+and+quality+control&rft.au=Boone%2C+Richard+D%3BGrigal%2C+David+F%3BSollins%2C+Phillip%3BAhrens%2C+Robert+J%3BArmstrong%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=0195120833&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Long-Term+Ecological+Research+Network+Series&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06528 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical analysis; data processing; information management; laboratory studies; metadata; quality control; research; sample preparation; soil sampling; soils; standard materials; testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site and landscape characterization for ecological studies AN - 51366740; 2007-109566 JF - Long-Term Ecological Research Network Series AU - Grigal, David F AU - Bell, James C AU - Ahrens, Robert J AU - Boone, Richard D AU - Kelly, Eugene F AU - Monger, H Curtis AU - Sollins, Phillip A2 - Robertson, G. Philip A2 - Coleman, David C. A2 - Bledsoe, Caroline S. A2 - Sollins, Phillip Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 29 EP - 52 PB - Oxford University Press, New York, NY VL - 2 KW - soils KW - morphology KW - methods KW - physiographic provinces KW - topography KW - terrains KW - soil profiles KW - characterization KW - ecology KW - landscapes KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51366740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long-Term+Ecological+Research+Network+Series&rft.atitle=Site+and+landscape+characterization+for+ecological+studies&rft.au=Grigal%2C+David+F%3BBell%2C+James+C%3BAhrens%2C+Robert+J%3BBoone%2C+Richard+D%3BKelly%2C+Eugene+F%3BMonger%2C+H+Curtis%3BSollins%2C+Phillip&rft.aulast=Grigal&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=0195120833&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Long-Term+Ecological+Research+Network+Series&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06528 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - characterization; ecology; field studies; landscapes; methods; morphology; physiographic provinces; soil profiles; soils; terrains; topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of plot size on runoff of herbicides and suspended sediment AN - 51210127; 2000-026537 JF - Proceedings - Mississippi Water Resources Conference AU - Southwick, L M AU - Fouss, J L AU - Bengtson, R L A2 - Daniel, B. Jean Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 120 EP - 127 PB - Mississippi State University, Water Resources Research Institute, [State College], MS VL - 29 SN - 0076-9533, 0076-9533 KW - United States KW - watersheds KW - suspended materials KW - vegetation KW - nonpoint sources KW - triazines KW - spatial variations KW - agrochemicals KW - sediment yield KW - sediments KW - kinetics KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - metolachlor KW - solubility KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - runoff KW - pesticides KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51210127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.atitle=Effect+of+plot+size+on+runoff+of+herbicides+and+suspended+sediment&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BBengtson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Mississippi+Water+Resources+Conference&rft.issn=00769533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-ninth Mississippi water resources conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; atrazine; case studies; concentration; drainage; herbicides; hydrology; kinetics; metolachlor; nonpoint sources; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; runoff; sediment yield; sediments; soil management; soils; solubility; spatial variations; suspended materials; triazines; United States; vegetation; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil mapping humor spices up daily duties through the years AN - 50917065; 2000-029613 JF - Resource Notes - University of Nebraska -- Lincoln, Conservation and Survey Division AU - McGrane, Pat Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 14 PB - University of Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Division, Lincoln, NE VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-524X, 1049-524X KW - United States KW - soils KW - history KW - cartography KW - Nebraska KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50917065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resource+Notes+-+University+of+Nebraska+--+Lincoln%2C+Conservation+and+Survey+Division&rft.atitle=Soil+mapping+humor+spices+up+daily+duties+through+the+years&rft.au=McGrane%2C+Pat&rft.aulast=McGrane&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Resource+Notes+-+University+of+Nebraska+--+Lincoln%2C+Conservation+and+Survey+Division&rft.issn=1049524X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NE N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartography; history; Nebraska; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Few know of it but many depend on it; Holdrege; Nebraska's state soil AN - 50916673; 2000-029612 JF - Resource Notes - University of Nebraska -- Lincoln, Conservation and Survey Division AU - McGrane, Pat Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - University of Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Division, Lincoln, NE VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-524X, 1049-524X KW - United States KW - soils KW - spatial distribution KW - soil profiles KW - moisture KW - Holdredge soils KW - agriculture KW - Nebraska KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50916673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resource+Notes+-+University+of+Nebraska+--+Lincoln%2C+Conservation+and+Survey+Division&rft.atitle=Few+know+of+it+but+many+depend+on+it%3B+Holdrege%3B+Nebraska%27s+state+soil&rft.au=McGrane%2C+Pat&rft.aulast=McGrane&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Resource+Notes+-+University+of+Nebraska+--+Lincoln%2C+Conservation+and+Survey+Division&rft.issn=1049524X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NE N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Holdredge soils; moisture; Nebraska; soil profiles; soils; spatial distribution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future of soil survey includes Internet access to soils data AN - 50912580; 2000-029611 JF - Resource Notes - University of Nebraska -- Lincoln, Conservation and Survey Division AU - McCaleb, Nathan Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 13 PB - University of Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Division, Lincoln, NE VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-524X, 1049-524X KW - soils KW - technology KW - data processing KW - decision-making KW - satellite methods KW - history KW - geographic information systems KW - future KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - information systems KW - computer networks KW - Internet KW - remote sensing KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50912580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resource+Notes+-+University+of+Nebraska+--+Lincoln%2C+Conservation+and+Survey+Division&rft.atitle=Future+of+soil+survey+includes+Internet+access+to+soils+data&rft.au=McCaleb%2C+Nathan&rft.aulast=McCaleb&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Resource+Notes+-+University+of+Nebraska+--+Lincoln%2C+Conservation+and+Survey+Division&rft.issn=1049524X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NE N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer networks; data processing; decision-making; future; geographic information systems; history; information systems; Internet; remote sensing; satellite methods; soil surveys; soils; surveys; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Evaluation of Soil Nitrogen Testing Considering the Carry-Over Effect AN - 20859164; 4549245 AB - In order to evaluate the economic and environmental consequences of soil nitrogen tests, this paper combines a dynamic fertilizer use decision model with a crop production model. The preside-dress soil N-test is evaluated for a hypothetical farmer growing corn at the ARS Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Farm site in southern Maryland. For a farmer not currently using a soil N-test, adoption of this technology can lead to the enhancement of net farm income and the reduction in nitrogen loss to the environment. This will transpire only if the farmer is currently underestimating nitrogen carryover by more than 25 percent or applying nitrogen fertilizer based solely on an expected plateau-yield goal. JF - Journal of Sustainable Agriculture AU - Huang, W-Y AU - Lu, Y-C AU - Uri, N D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 5 EP - 34 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1044-0046, 1044-0046 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Soil KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Fertilizers KW - Economics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20859164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+Soil+Nitrogen+Testing+Considering+the+Carry-Over+Effect&rft.au=Huang%2C+W-Y%3BLu%2C+Y-C%3BUri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=W-Y&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.issn=10440046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cost-benefit analysis; Agriculture; Soil; Fertilizers; Economics; Environmental impact; Sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Survival Rates in Mice that Received Prophylactic Fluids After Carcinogen Treatment. AN - 1835506233; 12086460 AB - During the development of a model for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary adenocarcinoma in mice, a high mortality rate was attributed to dehydration. Therefore, we compared the acute survival of mice given subcutaneous fluids prophylactically immediately following DMBA gavage to that of animals provided treatment only when clinical signs of dehydration were observed. Mortality in the prophylactically treated mice was 5% compared to 47% in animals treated only after the manifestation of dehydration. Prophylaxis with subcutaneous fluids significantly reduces mortality in DMBA-treated mice. JF - Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science AU - Smith, Donald E. AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B. AU - Lipman, Ruth D. AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 84 EP - 86 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1060-0558, 1060-0558 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1835506233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+topics+in+laboratory+animal+science&rft.atitle=Improved+Survival+Rates+in+Mice+that+Received+Prophylactic+Fluids+After+Carcinogen+Treatment.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Donald+E.%3BBlumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B.%3BLipman%2C+Ruth+D.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contemporary+topics+in+laboratory+animal+science&rft.issn=10600558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of incorrectly estimating factor productivity in agriculture on the environment and human health AN - 18325729; 5377090 AB - This paper explores the implications of a misspecification of the production function on the use of factor inputs in the context of the adoption of an alternative production practice (a technological innovation) designed to mitigate the impact of agricultural production on human health and the environment. It is demonstrated that if the level of the use of some inputs is considered rather than their consumptive use (i.e., the actual amount used by a plant), the productivity of the input is inaccurately measured. It is also demonstrated that an aggregate production function approach can lead to overestimation of the value of the marginal product of an input due to the frequently implicit assumptions that the output supply, output demand, and fertilizer demand are infinitely price elastic. The implications of the results are important for determining the optimal use of inputs such as fertilizer and pesticides which have known adverse impacts on the environment and human health. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Kim, C S AU - Sandretto, C AU - Uri, N D AD - Resources Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1301 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA, noel.uri2@usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - Springer-Verlag (Berlin), Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de] VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental health KW - Fertilizers KW - Environmental impact KW - Pesticides KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18325729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+incorrectly+estimating+factor+productivity+in+agriculture+on+the+environment+and+human+health&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSandretto%2C+C%3BUri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pesticides; Fertilizers; Environmental health; Risk assessment; Environmental impact ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of energy on the adoption of conservation tillage in the United States AN - 18324057; 5377085 AB - The impact of energy on the adoption of conservation tillage is of special importance in addressing concerns about the effect of agricultural production on the environment in the United States. It is the subject of this paper. After establishing that a relationship exists between the price of energy and the adoption of conservation tillage via cointegration techniques, the relationship is quantified. It is shown that while the real price of crude oil, the proxy used for the price of energy, does not affect the rate of adoption of conservation tillage, it does impact the extent to which it is used. Finally, there is no structural instability in the relationship between the relative use of conservation tillage and the real price of crude oil over the period 1963-1997. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Uri, N D AD - Resources Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1301 New York Avenue, NW Washington, D.C., 20005, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 9 EP - 18 PB - Springer-Verlag (Berlin), Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de] VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - tillage KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - USA KW - Crude oil KW - Energy KW - Environmental impact KW - Conservation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18324057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+energy+on+the+adoption+of+conservation+tillage+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Energy; Conservation; Agriculture; Environmental impact; Crude oil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of Selected Trichothecenes Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a Model System AN - 18008712; 4830325 AB - Trichothecenes are potent inhibitors of cytoplasmic protein synthesis which can affect the severity of plant diseases such as wheat head scab. While many trichothecene-producing fungi share the initial biosynthetic intermediates, Fusarium sp. are unique in the production of trichothecenes containing an oxygen function at C-3. Although the initial trichothecene and the final products have a C-3 hydroxyl group, the intermediate steps are acetylated at C-3. By using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular plant with a well-defined genetic system, we were able to test the proposal that trichothecenes with a C-3 hydroxyl are more toxic to plants, as well as demonstrate that C. reinhardtii is a promising plant trichothecene bioassay system. Seven pairs of trichothecenes with either a C-3 hydroxyl or C-3 acetyl group were assayed. Our results confirm that trichothecenes acetylated at C-3 were far less toxic to Chlamydornonas than those with a C-3 hydroxyl group. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Alexander, N J AU - McCormick, S P AU - Ziegenhorn, S L AD - USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, alexannj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 265 EP - 269 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - trichothecenes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - Protein synthesis KW - Mycotoxins KW - Bioassays KW - Biological poisons KW - Phytotoxins KW - Inhibitors KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - Toxicity tests KW - Q4 27390:Toxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18008712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+Selected+Trichothecenes+Using+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii+as+a+Model+System&rft.au=Alexander%2C+N+J%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BZiegenhorn%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protein synthesis; Bioassays; Biological poisons; Inhibitors; Toxicity tests; Mycotoxins; Phytotoxins; Fusarium; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative Potency of Selected Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses Against Five Species of Lepidoptera AN - 17868151; 5110131 AB - The potencies of two or three nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs), selected from among those of alfalfa looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), AfMNPV; celery looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), AcMNPV; corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), HzSNPV; and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Adubner), SeMNPV, were compared in side-by-side bioassays against five insect species. Each insect species was tested at a different time, but, for each species all viruses were tested at the same time. Against the corn earworm, HzSNPV was the most potent; AcMNPV, the least potent; and AfMNPV, intermediate in potency. AcMNPV, AfMNPV, and HzSNPV were of similar and high potency against the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). SeMNPV was more potent than either AcMNPV or AfMNPV against the beet armyworm. AcMNPV and AfMNPV were of similar low potency against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). AcMNPV was more potent than AfMNPV against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Among dosages that were included for more than one virus against the same insect species, no significant differences between viruses in speed of kill were seen. Increasing virus dosage slightly increased speed of kill for HzSNPV against H. zea and for AfMNPV against S. frugiperda, but had no significant effect on speed of kill for other virus/insect combinations. These results should be useful both in the selection of natural virus strains for use against particular pests, and in the selection of viruses as candidates for genetic engineering to improve their speed of action. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Bldg. 011A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 187 EP - 196 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 1523-5475, 1523-5475 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Moths KW - Butterflies KW - Celery looper KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Beet armyworm KW - Fall armyworm KW - Diamondback moth KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Pathogenicity KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Autographa californica KW - Pest control KW - Plutella xylostella KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17868151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Urban+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relative+Potency+of+Selected+Nuclear+Polyhedrosis+Viruses+Against+Five+Species+of+Lepidoptera&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Urban+Entomology&rft.issn=15235475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Noctuidae; Anagrapha falcifera; Autographa californica; Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera exigua; Spodoptera frugiperda; Plutella xylostella; Heliothis virescens; Lepidoptera; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration in Sphingolipid Metabolism: Bioassays for Fumonisin- and ISP-I-like Activity in Tissues, Cells and Other Matrices AN - 17783126; 4830344 AB - The first discovered naturally occurring inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis was fumonisin B sub(1). There are now 11 identified fungal inhibitors of ceramide synthase or 'fumonisin B sub(1)-like' compounds. With the exception of the australifungins, all other fungal ceramide synthase inhibitors are structurally sphingoid-like. There are several recently discovered fungal inhibitors of another enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway: serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). One of the SPT inhibitors is named ISP-I. While ceramide synthase inhibitors are toxic to animals, plants and fungi, the SPT inhibitors are not known to cause animal or plant disease, but are potent inhibitors of fungal growth. Very little is known about their toxicity in animals. There are at least 24 fungal SPT inhibitors produced by a variety of fungi. Given that the fungal inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis are chemically and biologically diverse, two bioassays have been developed to screen for fumonisin-like or ISP-I-like activity in naturally contaminated products or fungal culture materials. These bioassays are based on the changes in free sphingoid base concentration that occur when the ceramide synthase or SPT are inhibited. The bioassays have the advantage that they are functionally rather than chemically specific and thus will detect ceramide synthase and SPT inhibitors regardless of their chemical structure. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Riley, R T AU - Norred, W P AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, AH AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA, rriley@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 407 EP - 414 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - bioassays KW - ceramide synthase KW - serine C-palmitoyltransferase KW - sphingolipids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Fumonisin B1 KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17783126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Alteration+in+Sphingolipid+Metabolism%3A+Bioassays+for+Fumonisin-+and+ISP-I-like+Activity+in+Tissues%2C+Cells+and+Other+Matrices&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BWang%2C+E%3BMerrill%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycotoxins; Fumonisins; Fumonisin B1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of the fungus-growing ant, Trachymyrmex jamaicensis, on soil fertility and seed germination in a subtropical dry forest AN - 17725178; 4787172 AB - The fungus-growing ant, Trachymyrmex jamaicensis, is common in the Guanica dry forest of Puerto Rico and uses the pulp of fleshy fruits of many plant species as the primary substrate on which its fungal symbiont is cultivated. The ants discard the seeds and often intact fruits in refuse piles located on the soil surface near the nest entrance. Nest construction activities of T. jamaicensis result in deposition of subsoil over the surface leaf litter, altering the soil profile. The distribution of T. jamaicensis nests is aggregated. The ants prefered to nest where the soil was in a ravine and were absent from areas with shallow soils. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, P, Fe, Mn, K, C and N tend to be higher in the ant refuse piles than in the surface soil or the subsoil. The differences in nutrient concentrations depend on the geological origin of the soil. Germination studies show higher seed germination in the refuse piles than in control areas, but seedling survivorship is lower in refuse piles. JF - Tropical Ecology AU - Torres, JA AU - Santiago, M AU - Salgado, M AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000 Rio Piedras, PR 00928, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0564-3295, 0564-3295 KW - Ants KW - Puerto Rico KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fungus gardens KW - Formicidae KW - Dry forests KW - Soil fertility KW - Seed germination KW - Subtropical zones KW - Trachymyrmex jamaicensis KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17725178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+the+fungus-growing+ant%2C+Trachymyrmex+jamaicensis%2C+on+soil+fertility+and+seed+germination+in+a+subtropical+dry+forest&rft.au=Torres%2C+JA%3BSantiago%2C+M%3BSalgado%2C+M&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=05643295&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Trachymyrmex jamaicensis; Fungus gardens; Soil fertility; Dry forests; Subtropical zones; Seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A natural approach to watershed planning, restoration and management AN - 17692068; 4817156 AB - A simple field approach to characterizing a catchment, evaluating and planning its restoration based on geomorphic, hydrological and ecological principles is presented. The hydrological functions of component landforms are considered under the headings of stream channel, floodplains, stream terraces, riparian vegetation, altered stream systems, alluvial fans and upland recharge areas. The components of planning the restoration of degraded catchments are outlined. These are details of the geomorphic component landforms and their hydrological functions and ecological potential; the performance of each component landform; the technology to correct the causes of poor performance; alternative resource management systems; and implementation of remedial measures. Examples are given of the successful use of the approaches. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Petersen, M M AD - Natural Resources Conservation Service, Salt Lake City, Utah Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 347 EP - 352 VL - 39 IS - 12 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Landform KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Recharge KW - Remedial action KW - Management KW - Determination KW - Vegetation KW - Decomposition KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Restoration KW - Ecology KW - Upland areas KW - USA KW - Geomorphology KW - Catchment areas KW - Hydrology KW - Banks KW - Floodplains KW - Fans KW - Alluvium KW - Channels (see also Streams) KW - Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+natural+approach+to+watershed+planning%2C+restoration+and+management&rft.au=Petersen%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recharge; Remedial action; Management; Determination; Vegetation; Streams (in natural channels); Decomposition; Restoration; Ecology; Upland areas; Geomorphology; Catchment areas; Banks; Hydrology; Fans; Floodplains; Alluvium; Resources; Channels (see also Streams); USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment and nitrogen transport in grass filter strips AN - 17691288; 4816613 AB - The effectiveness of grass filter strips (GFS) for removing sediment and nitrogen species from agricultural runoff was ascertained in plot trials in which conventionally tilled corn areas were followed by GFS of lengths 0, 4.3 and 8.5 m. The plots had an average slope of 18 per cent. The soil was a silty loam with good drainage. Rainfall amount and intensity and flows leaving the plots were measured. The Mann-Kendall nonparametric test indicated no trends in the yields and concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-nitrogen, ammoniacal-nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and filtered TKN for the 8.5 m filters with time. There were varying trends for the 4.3 m filters. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicted that the 8.5 m filters reduced median yields and concentrations of TSS and all nitrogen species. The 4.3 m filter did not significantly affect nitrate-nitrogen. The 8.5 m and 4.3 m filters reduced contaminant yields and concentrations by 42-90 and 20-83 per cent, respectively, compared with the control experiments. Performance did not decline in the 18 months of the experiment. For this length of time, the 8.5 m filters offered little advantage over the 4.3 m filters. JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Mendez, A AU - Dillaha, T A AU - Mostaghimi, S AD - USDA-ARS Tucson, Ariz. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 867 EP - 875 VL - 35 IS - 4 KW - Ascertained KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Indicted KW - Kruskal-wallis KW - Mann-kendall KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Flow KW - Suspended-solids KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Determination KW - Ploughing KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Sediment KW - Control KW - Soil KW - Ammoniacal nitrogen KW - Efficiency KW - Yield KW - Spp KW - Pollutants KW - Soil (types of) KW - Slopes KW - Stripping KW - Time (see also Period of time) KW - Conventional KW - Silty KW - Drainage KW - USA KW - Declining rate KW - Filtration KW - Grasses (see also Gramineae) KW - Transport KW - Runoff KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17691288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Sediment+and+nitrogen+transport+in+grass+filter+strips&rft.au=Mendez%2C+A%3BDillaha%2C+T+A%3BMostaghimi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mendez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow; Agriculture; Suspended-solids; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Determination; Ploughing; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Sediment; Control; Soil; Yield; Efficiency; Ammoniacal nitrogen; Pollutants; Spp; Soil (types of); Slopes; Time (see also Period of time); Stripping; Conventional; Drainage; Silty; Filtration; Declining rate; Grasses (see also Gramineae); Transport; Runoff; Nitrogen; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solubility and dye-binding properties of quarternized and peroxidase- polymerized Kraft lignin AN - 17687548; 4817296 AB - The ability of cationic (quarternized) Kraft lignin to act as a flocculant for the decolorization of textile wastewater was studied. Kraft lignin was quarternized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride in an alkaline solution with an apparently high efficiency (90 per cent). The quarternized lignin was separated into 2 fractions based on solubility of pH 7. The soluble fraction comprised a lower molecular weight material than the insoluble fraction. The pH 7-soluble fraction was treated with soyabean peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. This produced a soluble high-molecular weight polymer. Peroxidase treatment of the pH 7-insoluble fraction at pH 3 resulted in the formation of a material that was not soluble at any pH. All fractions bound Orange II and hydrolysed Reactive Red 180. Peroxidase- polymerized lignin produced flocs. JF - Environmental Technology AU - Laszlo, JA AD - USDA-ARS, St. Peoria, Ill. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 607 EP - 615 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0959-3330, 0959-3330 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Polymerization KW - Solubility KW - Coagulants KW - Decolorization KW - Reactivity KW - Pulp and paper industry (Pulp) KW - Hydrolysis KW - Treatment KW - Hydrogen ion concentrations KW - Polymers (see also Polyelectrolytes) KW - Enzymes (Oxidoreductase) (Peroxidase) KW - Colour KW - Binding (see also Cementation) KW - USA KW - Efficiency KW - Floc KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Molecular weight KW - Textile industry waste waters KW - Lignin compounds KW - Soya beans KW - Cationic KW - Separation (see also Individual processes) KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17687548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Technology&rft.atitle=Solubility+and+dye-binding+properties+of+quarternized+and+peroxidase-+polymerized+Kraft+lignin&rft.au=Laszlo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Laszlo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Technology&rft.issn=09593330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Polymerization; Coagulants; Decolorization; Reactivity; Pulp and paper industry (Pulp); Treatment; Hydrolysis; Hydrogen ion concentrations; Polymers (see also Polyelectrolytes); Binding (see also Cementation); Colour; Enzymes (Oxidoreductase) (Peroxidase); Efficiency; Floc; Hydrogen peroxide; Textile industry waste waters; Molecular weight; Lignin compounds; Soya beans; Cationic; Separation (see also Individual processes); USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of runoff, erosion, and phosphorus modelling system - SIMPLE AN - 17685455; 4816616 AB - The performance of the Spatially Integrated Models for Phosphorus Loading and Erosion (SIMPLE) in predicting runoff volume, sediment loss and phosphorus loading was evaluated in catchments of 334 and 2240 ha with different characteristics. SIMPLE, developed by Oklahoma State University, consisted of phosphorus transport and digital terrain models, and a database manager. It provided 2 scales to simulate sediment and phosphorus loading cell and field scales. The former was the smallest element of a map in which data were stored, while a field was a group of adjacent cells with homogeneous land use and management practices. Four input data sets were required to run the model soil; topography; vegetation cover; and groundwater practice. SIMPLE tended to underestimate runoff volumes during the November-March dormant period. Better agreement was obtained between observed and predicted dissolved phosphorus than for total phosphorus loadings. Cell level simulations provided similar estimates of runoff volume and phosphorus loading when compared with field level simulations for both catchments. However, predicted sediment yields were better from cell level simulations. SIMPLE s predictive ability was acceptable for screening applications but not for site-specific quantitative predictions. There are 30 references. JF - Journal of American Water Resources Association AU - Kornecki, T S AU - Sabbagh, G J AU - Storm, DE AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Baton Rouge, La. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 807 EP - 820 VL - 35 IS - 4 KW - Dormancy KW - Estimates KW - November-march KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Management KW - Determination KW - Loading KW - Phosphorus KW - Sediment KW - Soil KW - Yield KW - Catchment areas KW - Covering KW - Universities KW - Topography KW - Homogeneity KW - Vegetation KW - Maps and mapping KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Cells (Biological) KW - Land use KW - Storage KW - Databases KW - Oklahoma KW - USA KW - Erosion KW - Transport KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Terrain KW - Runoff KW - Digital KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+runoff%2C+erosion%2C+and+phosphorus+modelling+system+-+SIMPLE&rft.au=Kornecki%2C+T+S%3BSabbagh%2C+G+J%3BStorm%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Kornecki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Management; Loading; Determination; Phosphorus; Sediment; Soil; Yield; Catchment areas; Covering; Universities; Topography; Homogeneity; Maps and mapping; Vegetation; Modelling (-general-); Land use; Cells (Biological); Storage; Databases; Erosion; Transport; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Terrain; Digital; Runoff; USA; Oklahoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of multiple vertebrate predators on grasshopper habitat selection: trade-offs due to predation risk, foraging, and thermoregulation AN - 17646403; 4786926 AB - Predation risk can influence habitat use and activity of potential prey. I explored how the risk of predation by vertebrates influenced the behavior of grasshoppers. I monitored the height in vegetation and the frequency of resting, moving, and feeding behaviors of both tethered and free-ranging grasshoppers under exposure to various predators. Grasshoppers protected from birds remained high in the vegetation, while those protected only from small mammals and lizards remained low in the vegetation. Grasshoppers exposed to all predators occupied an intermediate height. Lower positions in the vegetation were associated with cooler thermal conditions, lower feeding rates, and lower food availability. My results are consistent with the hypothesis that grasshoppers utilize different microhabitats to balance the trade-off between reducing mortality from predators and experiencing greater food availability, and warmer conditions. JF - Evolutionary Ecology AU - Pitt, W C AD - UMC 5295, USDA, APHIS, WS, NWRC Predator Ecology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321-5295, USA, ww@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 499 EP - 515 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0269-7653, 0269-7653 KW - Grasshoppers KW - Short-horned grasshoppers KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Protective behavior KW - Foraging behavior KW - Thermoregulation KW - Predation KW - Habitat selection KW - Acrididae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17646403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+multiple+vertebrate+predators+on+grasshopper+habitat+selection%3A+trade-offs+due+to+predation+risk%2C+foraging%2C+and+thermoregulation&rft.au=Pitt%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolutionary+Ecology&rft.issn=02697653&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006792726166 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Habitat selection; Predation; Foraging behavior; Thermoregulation; Protective behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006792726166 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium proliferatum isolates from rice with Fusarium sheath rot disease AN - 17623819; 4767293 AB - Twenty samples of unpolished (rough) rice collected in Arkansas and Texas during the 1995 harvesting season from fields exhibiting Fusarium sheath rot disease or panicle blight were previously shown to include 8 samples positive for fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) in the range 2.2-5.2 ppm, and moniliformin (MON), but no beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol, its derivatives or zearalenone were detected. Fifteen cultures of F. proliferatum were established from the 20 rough rice samples. Single spore isolates of each culture were grown on rice and tested for the production of fumonisins (FB sub(1), FB sub(2), FB sub(3), etc.), MON and BEA. All 15 isolates produced FB sub(1), FB sub(2), MON and BEA in culture on rice. No deoxynivalenol, its derivatives or zearalenone were detected. Seven cultures produced FB sub(1) at >50 ppm (range 80-230 ppm), with the rest producing FB sub(1) in the range 14-43 ppm. FB sub(2) was produced in the range 5-47 ppm, and those cultures which produced the most FB sub(1) also produced the most FB sub(2). Of the 15 cultures producing MON, 11 produced it at >100 ppm in the range 188-6018 ppm, with the rest producing in the range 7-64 ppm. BEA was produced in the range 109-1350 ppm. Other derivatives of fumonisins, including FA sub(1), FA sub(2) and partially hydrolyzed FB sub(1), as well as several unknown metabolites including a compound with MW 414, were identified in culture extracts by continuous flow fast atom bombardment with ion spray mass spectrometry (CF/FAB/MS). Further study is needed to identify the factors that control production of FB sub(1), MON and BEA by F. proliferatum in culture and in field samples. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Abbas, H K AU - Cartwright, R D AU - Xie, W AU - Mirocha, C J AU - Richard, J L AU - Dvorak, T J AU - Sciumbato, G L AU - Shier, W T AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics & Production Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 97 EP - 104 VL - 147 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - rice KW - beauvericin KW - fumonisin B1 KW - moniliformin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sheath rot KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - Oryza sativa KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17623819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Mycotoxin+Production+by+Fusarium+proliferatum+isolates+from+rice+with+Fusarium+sheath+rot+disease&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BCartwright%2C+R+D%3BXie%2C+W%3BMirocha%2C+C+J%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BDvorak%2C+T+J%3BSciumbato%2C+G+L%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium proliferatum; Oryza sativa; Sheath rot; Mycotoxins; Mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germination of conidia and blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on the cuticle of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii AN - 17623751; 4767299 JF - Mycopathologia AU - Vega, F E AU - Jackson, MA AU - McGuire, M R AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 33 EP - 35 VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - blastospores KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Germination KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Conidia KW - Pathogens KW - Cuticles KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Spores KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17623751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Germination+of+conidia+and+blastospores+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+on+the+cuticle+of+the+silverleaf+whitefly%2C+Bemisia+argentifolii&rft.au=Vega%2C+F+E%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Bemisia argentifolii; Cuticles; Pathogens; Germination; Conidia; Spores; Biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of landform and plant size on mortality and recovery of longleaf pine during a 100-year flood AN - 17616076; 4748189 AB - Unlike annual floods, large floods affect plant species outside of bottomland ecosystems. Little is known about the effects of catastrophic floods on upland plants because of the rarity of this type of disturbance. The mortality and vegetative recovery of upland longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) after a large flood is reported on here. The flood top-killed most seedlings and advance regeneration, while most large pines survived. About one-half and one-third of affected seedlings and advance regeneration, respectively, recovered vegetatively through resprouting or reflushing. High rates of initial mortality and vegetative recovery were not population-wide phenomena. Mortality decreased with increasing plant height because tall stems maintain more crown volume above floodwaters. Geomorphology alters patterns of mortality as related to size. Landforms retaining surface water had higher rates of mortality than landforms that shed surface water. Responses of longleaf pine to flooding suggest strong geomorphic control over disturbance regimes and, in turn, over population dynamics. Although infrequent, large floods may be important for regulating age structures of longleaf pine. Understanding the effects of large floods may be important for predicting demography of upland plant populations, and more broadly, for understanding the spatial and temporal boundaries of land-water interactions. JF - Ecoscience AU - Palik, B J AU - Michener, W K AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Edwards, D AD - Forestry Sciences Lab, USDA Forestry Service 1831 Highway 169E, Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744 USA, bpalik/nc@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 255 EP - 263 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1195-6860, 1195-6860 KW - geomorphology KW - mortality KW - riparian environments KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, Georgia, Flint R. KW - Landforms KW - Floods KW - Pinus palustris KW - Regression analysis KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17616076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecoscience&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+landform+and+plant+size+on+mortality+and+recovery+of+longleaf+pine+during+a+100-year+flood&rft.au=Palik%2C+B+J%3BMichener%2C+W+K%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BEdwards%2C+D&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecoscience&rft.issn=11956860&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landforms; Floods; Regression analysis; Forests; Pinus palustris; USA, Georgia, Flint R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cytochrome P450 gene cluster in the Rhizobiaceae AN - 17599159; 4710793 AB - Cytochromes P450 mediate a wide variety of chemical reactions in animals, plants, and microbes (Guengerich, 1991). Part of the function of these P450s is to bind and activate oxygen for subsequent transfer to a substrate. In Bradyrhizobium japonicum, cytochromes P450 are synthesized in bacteroids in the microaerobic environment of the legume nodule. Only trace amounts of P450s are found in aerobically grown cultures. Biochemical studies led to the suggestion that P450 was involved in O sub(2) metabolism in the bacteroid (Appleby et al., 1975). To provide genetic evidence for a symbiotic function, we created a P450-null mutant of B. japonicum USDA 110 by using Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, but found that the mutant had no apparent defect in symbiosis phenotype (Tully and Keister, 1993). To gain insight into the function of P450, we cloned and sequenced the DNA region of B. japonicum surrounding the Tn5 insertion. Three complete P450 genes, a pseudo-P450 gene, and five additional open reading frames (ORFs) were identified (GenBank accession U12678, Tully and Keister, 1993; Tully et al., 1998). Herein we report that this gene cluster is present in all strains of the Rhizobiaceae we tested. JF - Journal of General and Applied Microbiology AU - Keister, D L AU - Tully, R E AU - van Berkum, P AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 006, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, dkeister@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 301 EP - 303 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1260, 0022-1260 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Biochemical characteristics KW - Gene clusters KW - Cloning KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+General+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+cytochrome+P450+gene+cluster+in+the+Rhizobiaceae&rft.au=Keister%2C+D+L%3BTully%2C+R+E%3Bvan+Berkum%2C+P&rft.aulast=Keister&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+General+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=00221260&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Biochemical characteristics; Cloning; Gene clusters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular tracking new migrations of an old pathogen: the re-emergence of potato late blight AN - 17591017; 4690238 AB - Late blight of potato is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Late blight is one of the most destructive plant diseases known and can decimate entire fields of potatoes or tomatoes in only a few weeks. In addition to destroying the stems and foliage, the pathogen attacks tubers and fruits and can cause 100% yield loss. After being controlled for decades in most of the developed countries, late blight re-appeared during the 1980s and 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is known about the re emergence of late blight and to suggest ways to minimize similar problems with this and other diseases in the future. JF - Phytoprotection AU - Goodwin, S B AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 85 EP - 95 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9511, 0031-9511 KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fruits KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Pathogens KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Tubers KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytoprotection&rft.atitle=Molecular+tracking+new+migrations+of+an+old+pathogen%3A+the+re-emergence+of+potato+late+blight&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytoprotection&rft.issn=00319511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum; Lycopersicon esculentum; Pathogens; Late blight; Tubers; Fruits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of understanding the molecular, cellular, and ecophysiological bases of harmful algal blooms AN - 17584172; 4676185 AB - In clear recognition of their concern for environmental quality and human health, the Phycological Society of America and the U.S. Department of Agriculture funded the symposium, 'Molecular, Cellular, and Ecophysiological Bases of Noxious and Harmful Algal Blooms,' held on 5 August 1998 during the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Phycological Society of America in Flagstaff, Arizona. Sixteen scientists from disciplines ranging from methodological development to the study of algal molecular, cellular, and system-level ecological processes accepted invitations to present oral and/or poster papers. The symposium provided a unique forum for a diverse group of researchers to: (1) be advised of the current level of understanding of molecular, cellular, and ecophysiological processes that regulate harmful algal growth and proliferation; (2) delineate how toxins and taste/odor metabolite syntheses reflect molecular-, cellular-, and population-level responses to key environmental parameters; (3) assess current and future instrumental- and molecular-based identification and quantification technologies; and (4) coordinate an enhanced research response to harmful algal blooms. By bringing together researchers from divergent subject disciplines that would not typically meet, the symposium provided a forum for increasing communication among key laboratories and denoted clear avenues for expanded collaborative research. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Millie, D F AU - Dionigi, ChP AU - Schofield, O AU - Kirkpatrick, G J AU - Tester, P A AD - USDA-ARS, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, USA, dmillie@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1353 EP - 1355 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Algal blooms KW - Conferences KW - Red tides KW - Brackish KW - Phytoplankton KW - Metabolites KW - Freshwater KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Environmental factors KW - Toxins KW - Ecophysiology KW - Toxicology KW - K 03009:Algae KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - K 03102:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17584172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+understanding+the+molecular%2C+cellular%2C+and+ecophysiological+bases+of+harmful+algal+blooms&rft.au=Millie%2C+D+F%3BDionigi%2C+ChP%3BSchofield%2C+O%3BKirkpatrick%2C+G+J%3BTester%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Millie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Ecophysiology; Red tides; Phytoplankton; Metabolites; Toxicology; Conferences; Aquatic ecosystems; Environmental factors; Toxins; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using copper-tolerant fungi to biodegrade wood treated with copper-based preservatives AN - 17582623; 4638451 AB - Within the United States, the volume of wood products that was treated with copper-based preservatives grew exponentially during the 1970s and 1980s and remains at a high level today. Ultimately, these materials will have to be reused, recycled, or disposed in an environmentally acceptable manner. We are exploring whether copper-tolerant fungi might have utility in bioprocessing spent, treated wood after it is withdrawn from service. In laboratory experiments, Southern Pine sapwood was treated with copper-based wood preservatives, then challenged with wood decay fungi known to be tolerant of copper. For each preservative, fungal isolates were assessed for their potential to reduce the bulk of the treated product, as observed by weight loss. Low retention levels of some preservatives stimulated decay by Wolfiporia cocos, but not Postia placenta. Isolates of the copper-tolerant fungus Wolfiporia cocos (Schw syn. Poria cocos) varied significantly in their ability to degrade wood treated with copper-bearing preservatives and to concentrate copper in the mycelium. Copper was bioaccumulated (w/w basis) in mycelium of some isolates harvested from decayed wood, but the concentration of copper in the decayed wood residue was generally similar or only slightly different from that in the wood before decay. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - De Groot, RC AU - Woodward, B AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 17 EP - 27 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - copper-tolerant fungi KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Copper KW - Recycling KW - Fungi KW - Wood KW - Postia placenta KW - USA KW - Wolfiporia cocos KW - Preservatives KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17582623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Using+copper-tolerant+fungi+to+biodegrade+wood+treated+with+copper-based+preservatives&rft.au=De+Groot%2C+RC%3BWoodward%2C+B&rft.aulast=De+Groot&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0964-8305%2899%2900047-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wolfiporia cocos; Postia placenta; USA; Wood; Preservatives; Biodegradation; Copper; Fungi; Recycling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(99)00047-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of nitrogen on atrazine and 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mineralization in blackwater and redwater forested wetland soils AN - 17581989; 4641645 AB - Microcosms were used to determine the influence of N additions on active bacterial and fungal biomass, atrazine and dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) mineralization at 5, 10 and 15 weeks in soils from blackwater and redwater wetland forest ecosystems in the northern Florida Panhandle. Active bacterial and fungal biomass was determined by staining techniques combined with direct microscopy. Atrazine and 2,4-D mineralization were measured radiometrically. Treatments were: soil type, (blackwater or redwater forested wetland soils) and N additions (soils amended with the equivalent of 0, 200 or 400 kg N ha super(-1) as NH sub(4)NO sub(3)). Redwater soils contained higher concentrations of C, total N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, B and Zn than blackwater soils. After N addition and 15 weeks of incubation, active bacterial biomass in redwater soils was lower when N was added. Active bacterial biomass in blackwater soils was lower when 400 kg N ha super(-1), but not when 200 kg N ha super(-1), was added. Active fungal biomass in blackwater soils was higher when 400 kg N ha super(-1), but not when 200 kg N ha super(-1), was added. Active fungal biomass in redwater soils was lower when 200 kg N ha super(-1), but not when 400 kg N ha super(-1), was added. After 15 weeks of incubation 2,4-D degradation was higher in redwater wetland soils than in blackwater soils. After 10 and 15 weeks of incubation the addition of 200 or 400 kg N ha super(-1) decreased both atrazine and 2,4-D degradation in redwater soils. The addition of 400 kg N ha super(-1) decreased 2,4-D degradation but not atrazine degradation in blackwater soils after 10 and 15 weeks of incubation. High concentrations of N in surface runoff and groundwater resulting from agricultural operations may have resulted in the accumulation of N in many wetland soils. Large amounts of N accumulating in wetlands may decrease mineralization of toxic agricultural pesticides. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Entry, JA AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North, 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 348 EP - 353 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - USA, Florida KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Degradation KW - Incubation KW - Forests KW - Mineralization KW - Soil KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - Wetlands KW - Bacteria KW - Organic Acids KW - Fungi KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Biomass KW - Microscopy KW - Atrazine KW - Soil Types KW - Accumulation KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Influence+of+nitrogen+on+atrazine+and+2%2C+4+dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+mineralization+in+blackwater+and+redwater+forested+wetland+soils&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs003740050564 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atrazine; Mineralization; Degradation; Accumulation; Nitrogen; Organic Acids; Wetlands; Forests; Ecosystems; Biomass; Incubation; Soil Types; Microscopy; Fate of Pollutants; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Bacteria; Fungi; Soil DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050564 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Realizing the potential of integrated irrigation and drainage water management for meeting crop water requirements in semi-arid and arid areas AN - 17531445; 4718269 AB - In situ use of ground water by plants is one option being considered to reduce discharge of subsurface drainage water from irrigated agriculture. Laboratory, lysimeter, and field studies have demonstrated that crops can use significant quantities of water from shallow ground water. However, most studies lack the data needed to include the crop water use into an integrated irrigation and drainage water management system. This paper describes previous studies which demonstrated the potential use of ground water to support plant growth and the associated limitations. Included are results from three field studies which demonstrated some of the management techniques needed to develop an integrated system. The field studies demonstrated that approximately 40 to 45% of the water requirement for cotton can be derived from shallow saline ground water. That regulation of the outflow will result in increasing use. Implementation of integrated management of irrigation and subsurface drainage systems is a viable and sustainable alternative in the management of subsurface drainage water from arid and semi-arid areas only if soil salinity can be managed and if the system is profitable. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Ayars, JE AU - Hutmacher, R B AU - Schoneman, R A AU - Soppe, RWO AU - Vail, S S AU - Dale, F AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 321 EP - 347 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Irrigation water KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Cotton KW - Plant Growth KW - Fruit and vegetable crops KW - Tomatoes KW - Crops KW - Water demand (see also Water consumption) KW - Arid Lands KW - Salinity KW - Arid regions KW - Water management KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Water Requirements KW - Irrigation Water KW - Groundwater KW - Drainage Water KW - Drainage water KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17531445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Realizing+the+potential+of+integrated+irrigation+and+drainage+water+management+for+meeting+crop+water+requirements+in+semi-arid+and+arid+areas&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BHutmacher%2C+R+B%3BSchoneman%2C+R+A%3BSoppe%2C+RWO%3BVail%2C+S+S%3BDale%2C+F&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006390421589 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation Water; Drainage Water; Water Requirements; Arid Lands; Crops; Agriculture; Groundwater; Plant Growth; Salinity; Cotton; Tomatoes; Water Management; Irrigation water; Drainage water; Water demand (see also Water consumption); Arid regions; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Fruit and vegetable crops; Water management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006390421589 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiological risks from mixed virus infections and transgenic plants expressing viral genes AN - 17524867; 4714232 AB - Risk has been defined as Hazard X Probability. Risk assessment must be considered against the baseline of the natural situation. In the case of potential epidemiological risks from virus-resistant transgenic crops, the appropriate baseline is current farming practices and the interactions that occur between viruses in mixed infections in non-transgenic crops. Hull (1994b) has pointed out that widespread deployment of transgenic plants may cause a significant increase in the probability of any of the interaction thought to have the potential for risk. The approach of refining transgenes to effect biological containment and thus reduce or eliminate the possibility of risk is therefore recommended. Detailed understanding of the interactions that contribute to possible adverse effects is therefore desirable. One factor that must be considered in calculating both potential risks and the value of measures taken to reduce such risks is the relative levels of expression of transgenes in a plant infected by a different virus compared to the levels of both viral genomes in a natural mixed infection. In this article we will review the interactions between viruses in mixed infections and relate these interactions to the situation in virus-infected transgenic plants expressing viral sequences intended to confer viral resistance. Such comparisons are necessary to put perceived risks into perspective and to balance perceived risk against the potential benefits of effective viral resistance. JF - Advances in Virus Research AU - Hammond, J AU - Lecoq, H AU - Raccah, B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. National Arboretum Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 189 EP - 316 VL - 54 SN - 0065-3527, 0065-3527 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gene expression KW - Plant diseases KW - Reviews KW - Disease resistance KW - Plant viruses KW - Transgenic plants KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17524867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Virus+Research&rft.atitle=Epidemiological+risks+from+mixed+virus+infections+and+transgenic+plants+expressing+viral+genes&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J%3BLecoq%2C+H%3BRaccah%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Virus+Research&rft.issn=00653527&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Transgenic plants; Gene expression; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Plant viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Damage by black and turkey vultures in Virginia, 1990-1996 AN - 17505043; 4696243 AB - Damage by black (Coragyps atratus) and turkey (Catharates aura) vultures increased annually since 1990, when 2 complaints were reported, and peaked at 207 complaints in 1995. Black vultures are associated with depredations of livestock and pets and damage to real and personal property. Congregations of mixed flocks of black and turkey vultures are associated with health concerns, property damage, and nuisance complaints. Turkey vultures are infrequently identified as a problem compared to black vultures and mixed flocks. Vulture damage was reported in 55 counties and 2 cities in Virginia from October 1994 to 1996. Black vultures were reported to kill cattle or calves in 32 counties, with 76% of statewide livestock predation reported from Southwestern Ridge and Valley and Southern Piedmont physiographic regions. Eleven counties reported black vultures killing other livestock, including farm-raised deer. Twelve counties reported black vultures killing, injuring, and harassing pets. While there is a range of nonlethal techniques to alleviate black vulture predation on livestock--including harassment with pyrotechnics or center-fire rifles, removing carrion, moving expectant cattle to alternate pastures, relocating nearby vulture roosts by harassment with pyrotechnics, and monitoring livestock several times a day--these techniques frequently were ineffective. The lethal method recommended to reduce or stop black vulture predation on livestock was shooting a few vultures to supplement harassment. New research is needed to develop control methods to alleviate vulture damage and develop vulture population models. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Lowney AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, P.O. Box 130, Moseley, VA 23120, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 715 EP - 719 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Black vulture KW - Turkey vulture KW - USA, Virginia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural land KW - Wildlife management KW - Predation KW - Cathartes aura KW - Coragyps atratus KW - Livestock KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17505043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Damage+by+black+and+turkey+vultures+in+Virginia%2C+1990-1996&rft.au=Lowney&rft.aulast=Lowney&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coragyps atratus; Cathartes aura; Wildlife management; Agricultural land; Predation; Livestock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DRC-1339 and alpha-chloralose to reduce herring gull populations AN - 17504546; 4696245 AB - Results of several herring gull (Larus argentatus) control programs using DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methyl-benzenamine hydrochloride) suggested that the published median lethal dose (LD sub(50)) of 2.9 mg of DRC-1339/kg of body weight may not be accurate in some environments. We conducted laboratory trials to estimate LD sub(50) values of DRC-1339 and of alpha-chloralose (AC) for herring gulls inhabiting fresh water. We also conducted field trials to compare effectiveness of these compounds in simulated gull control operations. We calculated the LD sub(50) for DRC-1339 as 4.6 mg/kg and 43.1 mg/kg for AC. Mean ( plus or minus SD) time to death for DRC-1339-dosed birds varied from 34.0 ( plus or minus 12.2) hours at LD sub(96) to 109.5 ( plus or minus 55.5) hours at LD sub(27). AC time to death varied from 2.3 ( plus or minus 0.5) hours at >LD sub(99) to 5.8 ( plus or minus 0.0) hours at LD sub(13). In field trials, DRC-1339 baits treated at 27.4 mg/kg (LD sub(99)) resulted in 29% known mortality. In contrast, AC baits with a 30-mg/kg dosage (LD sub(99)), 65% of gulls were captured with 82% mortality. AC was more effective than DRC-1339 in removing gulls from a nesting colony. We recommend consideration of AC as a gull population management chemical because it is fast-acting, humane, and can be used as a nonlethal capture agent. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Seamans, T W AU - Belant, J L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 729 EP - 733 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Alpha-chloralose KW - DRC-1339 KW - Herring gull KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Mortality KW - Wildlife management KW - Population control KW - Toxicants KW - Larus argentatus KW - Pest control KW - Toxicity tests KW - Drugs KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17504546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DRC-1339+and+alpha-chloralose+to+reduce+herring+gull+populations&rft.au=Seamans%2C+T+W%3BBelant%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Seamans&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population control; Toxicants; Pest control; Drugs; Toxicity tests; Mortality; Wildlife management; Larus argentatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect Diversity in Phytoremediation and Bioaccumulation of Se AN - 17490557; 4679050 AB - A variety of plant species are being considered for the phytoremediation of selenium (Se) contaminated soils in agricultural regions of central California. Use of this plant-based technology may also attract a wide range of insects to these Se-accumulating plants. The first field study surveyed the diversity of insects attracted to tall fescue, birdsfoot trefoil, kenaf, and Indian mustard. Over 7500 specimens were collected by a sweep net collection technique for one complete growing season. Most of the 84 families identified were associated with beneficial insects, although pestiferous insects, for example, thrips, aphids, lygus, and leafhoppers, were also found. In the second study the bioaccumulation of Se in the cabbage looper [Trichoplusia ni (Huebner)] was investigated on Indian mustard grown in Se-rich water culture solution. Neonate larvae were transferred to plants and fed on Se-treated and no Se treated plants (controls) for 14 days, respectively. Pupae were collected from each treatment and incubated until adult insects emerged. Almost 50% fewer pupae were collected from Se-treated plants compared with "controls", resulting in fewer adult insects. Selenium concentrations were as high as 3173 mu g Se kg super(-1) DW in adult insects hatched from Se-treated plants compared with < 5 mu g Se kg super(-1) DW in insects from "controls". Based on both studies, we concluded that insect diversity should be determined and insects monitored for bioaccumulation of Se on phytoremediation sites in agricultural regions. JF - International Journal of Phytoremediation AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Tebbets, J S AU - Johnson, JA AU - Vail, P V AU - Mackey, B AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2021 S. Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 311 EP - 326 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - Insecta KW - USA, California KW - pest control KW - selenium KW - Entomology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Pest control KW - Selenium KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Phytoremediation KW - Species diversity KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17490557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Insect+Diversity+in+Phytoremediation+and+Bioaccumulation+of+Se&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BTebbets%2C+J+S%3BJohnson%2C+JA%3BVail%2C+P+V%3BMackey%2C+B&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Selenium; Phytoremediation; Insecta; Species diversity; Bioaccumulation; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tolerance of Hybrid Poplar (Populus) Trees Irrigated with Varied Levels of Salt, Selenium, and Boron AN - 17469773; 4662902 AB - Agricultural drainage waters and industrial effluents often consist of waste waters laden with salts, boron (B), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and other contaminants. However, increasing shortages of high-quality water in arid and semiarid regions and increasing demands to maintain the water quality in rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwater have made water reuse an imperative. Trees have been viewed as potential candidates for wastewater reuse because of their capacities for high evapotranspiration, high growth rates, and abilities to accumulate salts and specific ions in a marketable product that is not biologically hazardous. Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance and ion uptake characteristics in a sand culture study in Riverside, CA. After hardwood cuttings were planted and established under nonsaline conditions, young saplings were treated with artificial waste waters containing different levels of salts, Se, and B. High salt concentrations reduced growth and led to leaf damage and shedding; however, Se and B had no detrimental effect on growth. Salinity affected Se and B accumulation patterns in leaves. A significant degree of genetic variation in salt tolerance was noted among the clones. The salinity at which dry weight was reduced ranged from about 3.3 to about 7.6 dS m super(-1) depending on clone, and the relative decrease in dry weight yield with increasing salinity varied among clones and ranged from about 10 to 15% per dS m super(-1). This would indicate that poplars, whereas certainly more salt tolerant than avocado trees, are significantly less salt tolerant than eucalyptus. Leaf Cl concentrations increased in relation to the Cl concentrations in the irrigation waters, but also were subject to clonal variation. Salt tolerance in poplar was generally related to Cl in the leaves and stems but was also influenced by growth and vigor characteristics, as well as the allometric relationships between leaves and stems that influenced the sinks in which ions could accumulate before reaching toxic levels. JF - International Journal of Phytoremediation AU - Shannon, M C AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Draper, J H AU - Ajwa, H AU - Jordahl, J AU - Licht, L AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 273 EP - 288 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - USA, California, Riverside KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Reuse KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Plant Growth KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Drainage KW - Salt Tolerance KW - Cottonwood Trees KW - Boron KW - Selenium KW - Salinity KW - Absorption KW - Accumulation KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Tolerance+of+Hybrid+Poplar+%28Populus%29+Trees+Irrigated+with+Varied+Levels+of+Salt%2C+Selenium%2C+and+Boron&rft.au=Shannon%2C+M+C%3BBanuelos%2C+G+S%3BDraper%2C+J+H%3BAjwa%2C+H%3BJordahl%2C+J%3BLicht%2C+L&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Reuse; Cottonwood Trees; Salt Tolerance; Absorption; Selenium; Boron; Salinity; Plant Growth; Accumulation; Agricultural Runoff; Drainage; Wastewater Irrigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of the United States Air Force Bird Avoidance Model AN - 17465660; 4670099 AB - Since 1986, bird strikes have caused 33 fatalities and nearly $500 million in damage to United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft. To reduce these losses, the USAF developed a Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) to evaluate low-level training routes for bird-strike hazards throughout the contiguous United States. The current BAM, developed during the 1980s, incorporates waterfowl and raptor species, which account for most (69%) of the damaging bird strikes to military aircraft flying low-level routes. Because changes have occurred to waterfowl and raptor populations throughout North America, there is speculation that the BAM (developed and currently run with historical waterfowl and raptor data) may not accurately predict current bird-strike hazards. Therefore, we compared bird-strike hazards predicted by the BAM for those low-level routes where waterfowl or raptor strikes occurred with a random selection of published low-level routes where waterfowl or raptor strikes were not reported. Mean predicted bird-strike hazards for both waterfowl and raptors were greater (P less than or equal to 0.02) for routes where strikes had occurred than for routes where strikes by these species had not occurred. Thus, the BAM predicted mean bird-strike hazards along low-level training routes for the military and, when properly used, can assist with flight planning to minimize strikes with waterfowl and raptors. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Lovell, C D AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 126 Boardman-Poland Road, Youngstown, OH 44512, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Birds KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Aircraft KW - Models KW - Human impact KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17465660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+United+States+Air+Force+Bird+Avoidance+Model&rft.au=Lovell%2C+C+D%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Human impact; Aircraft; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Movement patterns and survivorship of black-tailed deer migrating across Trinity Reservoir, California AN - 17450008; 4660080 AB - We assessed seasonal movement patterns and survivorship of black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, crossing Trinity Reservoir (Clair Engle Lake) in northern California by monitoring 2 fall and 2 spring migrations, beginning in fall 1993. Black-tailed deer traversed the reservoir using 43 routes located predominately in the narrowest sections of the reservoir. A group of 2-3 black-tailed deer typically swam together. Adult males and females were segregated by sex, but not by date. We estimated that as many as 389 black-tailed deer swam across the reservoir during daylight in a single migration. Two hundred and ninety-two of 302 black-tailed deer observed swimming crossed successfully. The fate of the remaining 10 was not determined. Trinity Reservoir does not appear to be a major mortality source for migrating black-tailed deer when it is ice free. JF - California Fish and Game AU - Boroski, B B AU - Barrett, R H AU - Kie, J G AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2081 East Sierra Avenue, Fresno, California 93710, USA, bboroski/psw_fresno@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0008-1078, 0008-1078 KW - USA, California KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Swimming behavior KW - Odocoileus hemionus columbianus KW - Reservoirs KW - Migration KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25657:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17450008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=Movement+patterns+and+survivorship+of+black-tailed+deer+migrating+across+Trinity+Reservoir%2C+California&rft.au=Boroski%2C+B+B%3BBarrett%2C+R+H%3BKie%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Boroski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.issn=00081078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; Migration; Reservoirs; Swimming behavior; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing Ecological Parameters in a Coastal Area Using a Video System with Visible/Near-infrared/Mid-infrared Sensitivity AN - 17442968; 4660854 AB - This paper reports on the application of an aerial digital video imaging system with visible (VIS) (0.625-0.635 mu m), near-infrared (NIR) (0.845-0.857 mu m), and mid-infrared (MIR) (1.631-1.676 mu m) spectral sensitivity for distinguishing ecological parameters in a coastal ecosystem on the southern Texas Gulf Coast. This system produces false color imagery similar to that of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) bands 5,4,3. Imagery from this system was useful for differentiating among a variety of land-use types including plant species, soil surface conditions, and water. Computer analysis of the imagery showed that many of the ecological variables could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed an overall accuracy of 82.4%. The imagery was also useful for interpreting the coarser resolution TM. Ground radiometric reflectance measurements were made of various ecological parameters to assist in interpreting the imagery. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Everitt, J H AU - Escobar, DE AU - Yang, C AU - Lonard, R I AU - Judd, F W AU - Alaniz, MA AU - Cavazos, I AU - Davis, M R AU - Hockaday, D L AD - USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1145 EP - 1150 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - USA, Texas KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Land Use KW - Remote Sensing KW - Reflectance KW - Ecosystems KW - Remote sensing KW - Aerial surveys KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Vegetation cover KW - Classification KW - Data Acquisition KW - Plants (see also Aquatic macrophytes) KW - Infrared imagery KW - Hydrology KW - Coasts KW - Environmental surveys KW - Marine KW - Aerial Photography KW - Land use KW - Imaging techniques KW - Coastal zone KW - Sediment properties KW - Plants KW - Coast (see also Shore) KW - Photography KW - Environment management KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17442968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+Ecological+Parameters+in+a+Coastal+Area+Using+a+Video+System+with+Visible%2FNear-infrared%2FMid-infrared+Sensitivity&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BYang%2C+C%3BLonard%2C+R+I%3BJudd%2C+F+W%3BAlaniz%2C+MA%3BCavazos%2C+I%3BDavis%2C+M+R%3BHockaday%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Coastal zone; Reflectance; Sediment properties; Ecosystems; Infrared imagery; Remote sensing; Hydrology; Aerial surveys; Environment management; Imaging techniques; Environmental surveys; Plants (see also Aquatic macrophytes); Coast (see also Shore); Photography; Land use; Remote Sensing; Land Use; Aerial Photography; Classification; Data Acquisition; Plants; Coasts; ASW, USA, Texas; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellency of Deer Away Big Game Repellent registered to eastern cottontail rabbits AN - 17439933; 4658778 AB - Deer Away Big Game Repellent registered (BGR) effectively deters browsing deer, most likely by the release of sulfur odors and volatile fatty acids. Because many herbivores avoid these odors, a logical inference is that BGR may repel herbivores other than deer. To address this possibility, we tested whether BGR was repellent to eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). During fall-winter of 1994-95, we located 4 test sites (0.4-2.0 ha) in commercial nurseries in southern New Jersey. Different sites were planted to flowering pear (Pyrus calleryana), dogwood (Cornus florida), firebush (Pyracantha coccinea), and crab apple (Malus spp.). We split each site into 2 plots (0.2-1.0 ha), and plots then were randomly assigned to the treatment or control condition. After recording the number of damaged plants in each plot, we applied a 32.4% (mass/volume) solution of BGR to treated plots at the labeled rate of 3.8 L/400 plants. We applied water alone to plants in control plots. During a 21-day posttreatment period, we reassessed damage at 7-day intervals. During fall-winter of 1995-96, we repeated treatment and control applications, except that conditions were reversed (i.e., former control plots were treated with BGR and vice versa). We estimated rabbit numbers at each site during both years of the study and chemically evaluated the environmental persistence of BGR during the first year. Big Game Repellent was an effective repellent at all sites during both years of the study. These findings are consistent with the possibility that BGR represents an omnibus repellent for problem herbivores. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Mason, J R AU - Hollick, J AU - Kimball, BA AU - Johnston, J J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, BNR-163, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA, mason@cscfs1.usu.edu Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 309 EP - 314 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Eastern cottontail KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Sylvilagus floridanus KW - Repellents KW - D 04700:Management KW - Y 25887:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17439933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Repellency+of+Deer+Away+Big+Game+Repellent+registered+to+eastern+cottontail+rabbits&rft.au=Mason%2C+J+R%3BHollick%2C+J%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sylvilagus floridanus; Repellents; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal and Diurnal Activity Patterns in Ant Communities in a Vegetation Transition Region of Southeastern New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 17432564; 4647837 AB - The densities of active ant colonies were estimated in three habitats: creosotebush shrubland, grassland, and shinnery-oak mesquite dunes. Diurnal foraging patterns were studied at bait boards. Species richness of ant communities in this transitional region (8-12 species) was considerably lower than Chihuahuan Desert ant communities in an area with lower annual average rainfall. The numerically dominant species was Forelius pruinosus. Crematogaster spp. was subdominant in all of the habitats and exhibited relatively constant activity throughout the growing season. Harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex spp. exhibited different seasonal activity patterns in the three habitats. One species, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis, was not recorded until October, when its nests were conspicuous with discarded leaf fragments around the entrances. Several species of ants feeding at bait board extended their foraging times in comparison to colonies of the same species too distant from the bait boards for foragers to reach the baits. Only one species (Pogonomyrmex apache) exhibited a high-tolerance foraging behavior, by initiating foraging at the bait boards after soil surface temperatures exceeded 40 degree C and other species had ceased foraging. Foraging activity of most species continued throughout the day when cloud cover reduced soil surface temperatures to 40 degree C during midday. JF - Sociobiology AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, PO Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 477 EP - 492 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0361-6525, 0361-6525 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ants KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - Habitat KW - Activity patterns KW - Seasonal variations KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+and+Diurnal+Activity+Patterns+in+Ant+Communities+in+a+Vegetation+Transition+Region+of+Southeastern+New+Mexico+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociobiology&rft.issn=03616525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Activity patterns; Habitat; Seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of group-selection timber harvest in bottomland hardwoods on fall migrant birds AN - 17426502; 4644908 AB - Due to projected demands for hardwood timber, development of silvicultural practices that provide for adequate regeneration in southeastern bottomland hardwoods without causing undue harm to wildlife resources is critical. Group-selection silviculture involves harvesting a small group of trees, which creates a canopy gap (usually <2 ha in size). Our objectives were to determine the extent of use of group-selection harvest gaps by fall migrant birds, to compare experimentally use of three sizes of gaps (10-m, 20-m, and 40-m radius), and to compare use of locations within gaps (center, edge, and adjacent forest). We captured 210 birds of 36 species in 1692 mist-net hours. Total captures were greater in 40-m radius gaps than in 20- and 10-m radius gaps and were greater in gap centers than at gap edges and adjacent forest. Forest interior/interior-edge Neotropical migrants and interior-edge short-distance migrants were captured most often in the centers of the largest gaps. We captured no interior-edge short-distance migrants or field-edge birds of any migratory group in the adjacent forest. A threshold gap size determining use by migrant birds may exist between 20 and 40 m in radius. Though reasons for greater capture success in gaps are unclear, forest interior Neotropical and short-distance migrants apparently shifted their habitat preferences during fall to include forest gap habitat. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Kilgo, J C AU - Miller, K V AU - Smith, W P AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Savannah River Institute, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, South Carolina 29809 USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 404 EP - 413 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Birds KW - USA, South KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Gaps KW - Forests KW - Species composition KW - Habitat utilization KW - Migration KW - Harvesting KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+group-selection+timber+harvest+in+bottomland+hardwoods+on+fall+migrant+birds&rft.au=Kilgo%2C+J+C%3BMiller%2C+K+V%3BSmith%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Kilgo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Habitat utilization; Migration; Species composition; Harvesting; Gaps; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Habitat Characteristics on the Abundance and Activity of Subterranean Termites in Arid Southeastern New Mexico (Isoptera) AN - 17422767; 4647838 AB - Amitermes wheeleri was the most abundant termite species in most of the habitats. Gnathamitermes tubiformans was the most abundant subterranean termite species in habitats dominated by creosotebush, Larrea tridentata. Subterranean termite abundance measured by numbers of termites extracted from baits, mass of paper removed from baits, proportion of dung pats attacked, and quantities of surface foraging galleries all indicated that subterranean termites were most abundant in mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) dune and creosotebush habitats, and least abundant in grassland and shinnery oak (Quercus harvardii) habitats. Subterranean termite abundance was not affected by soil stability, but was affected by the dominant vegetation. Subterranean termites consumed more than 80% of the creosotebush leaf litter from litter bags between August and December. There was no evidence that termites consumed shinnery oak leaves or grass stems and leaves. JF - Sociobiology AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, PO Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 8003, USA, wawhitfo@nmsu.edu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 493 EP - 504 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0361-6525, 0361-6525 KW - Isoptera KW - Harvard oak KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Termitidae KW - Quercus harvardii KW - Habitat selection KW - Larrea tridentata KW - Prosopis glandulosa KW - Soil fauna KW - Activity patterns KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17422767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Habitat+Characteristics+on+the+Abundance+and+Activity+of+Subterranean+Termites+in+Arid+Southeastern+New+Mexico+%28Isoptera%29&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociobiology&rft.issn=03616525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Termitidae; Larrea tridentata; Prosopis glandulosa; Quercus harvardii; Habitat selection; Abundance; Soil fauna; Activity patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global land resources and population-supporting capacity AN - 17421673; 4639920 AB - Anticipated advances in biotechnology and sustainable land management, in combination with the availability of high-quality lands, suggest a level of food production that will sustain twice the current global population. However, lack of political will, insufficient investments in modern agriculture, and a general apathy to the tenets of sustainable land management threaten food security in Third World countries, and in some, contribute to poverty and famine. From a global land-productivity point of view, the specter of Malthusian scenarios seems unwarranted. Sadly, however, local and regional food shortages are likely to continue to occur unless mechanisms for equitable food distribution, effective technical assistance, and infusions of capital for infrastructure development are implemented in some developing countries. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Eswaran, H AU - Beinroth, F AU - Reich, P AD - USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, P.O. Box 2890, Washington, DC 20013, USA, hari.eswaran@usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - famine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Politics KW - Sustainable development KW - Socioeconomics KW - Population dynamics KW - Land use KW - Developing countries KW - Biotechnology KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Global+land+resources+and+population-supporting+capacity&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BBeinroth%2C+F%3BReich%2C+P&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developing countries; Population dynamics; Agriculture; Land use; Politics; Biotechnology; Socioeconomics; Sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of more effective conservation farming systems through participatory on-farm research AN - 17416946; 4639917 AB - Research aimed at advancing conservation farming practices is typically performed using traditional scientific approaches, which have been highly successful in increasing agricultural output and efficiency. With the current emphasis on environmental and economic sustainability of agriculture, there is a need for a more integrated approach to applied agricultural research. Participatory research helps to bring scientific methods and the integrated production needs of farmers together to develop practical, effective, and carefully tested farming methods. The strength of participatory research is in the synergism of scientists and farmers working together to design, implement, and evaluate research. The development of new technologies for farming systems large or small, conventional or organic, can be greatly enhanced through more extensive use of participatory research. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Wuest, S B AU - McCool, D K AU - Miller, B C AU - Veseth, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA, Stewart.Wuest@orst.edu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 98 EP - 102 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Sustainable development KW - Organic farming KW - Environmental protection KW - Economics KW - Conservation KW - Technology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Development+of+more+effective+conservation+farming+systems+through+participatory+on-farm+research&rft.au=Wuest%2C+S+B%3BMcCool%2C+D+K%3BMiller%2C+B+C%3BVeseth%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Wuest&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Conservation; Technology; Organic farming; Environmental protection; Sustainable development; Economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview: The Many Uses and Applications of Transgenic Plants AN - 17393820; 4624103 AB - In this volume we provide background information on the principles, practices, and common methods used for generation of transgenic plants, together with selected examples of the potential for transgenic plants and engineered plant viruses to produce high-value products. The fields of transgenic plants and engineered viruses are expanding so rapidly that it is not possible to cover all of the areas being examined. We have therefore selected chapters addressing only a few areas in detail. Some other areas have been addressed recently, and we review briefly some of these topics in this introductory chapter. JF - Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology AU - Hammond, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 240 SN - 0070-217X, 0070-217X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gene transfer KW - Genetic engineering KW - Reviews KW - Transgenic plants KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Topics+in+Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.atitle=Overview%3A+The+Many+Uses+and+Applications+of+Transgenic+Plants&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=240&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Topics+in+Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.issn=0070217X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Plant Biotechnology: New Products and Applications. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transgenic plants; Reviews; Genetic engineering; Gene transfer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling groundwater quality with endogenous regulatory instruments AN - 17387777; 4603021 AB - This research presents a competitive dynamic model that endogenously evaluates the economics of regulatory tax-policy options. This model is then applied to an irrigated corn production area west of Kearney, Nebraska, where the average groundwater contamination level from nitrates is reported to be 8.7 parts per million (ppm). Results indicate that no regulatory policies are necessary for maintaining potable groundwater quality with either a surge-flow irrigation system or a sprinkler irrigation system. In areas where conventional furrow irrigation technology is being used, higher net economic benefits result from the adoption of a variable-tax on nitrogen fertilizer use, followed by a constant-unit tax and a pollution tax. JF - Natural Resource Modeling AU - Kim, C S AU - Sandretto, C AU - Lee, D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 249 EP - 272 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0890-8575, 0890-8575 KW - USA, Nebraska, Kearney KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental economics KW - Economic Aspects KW - Water quality KW - Models KW - Taxation KW - Fertilizers KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Corn KW - Water Quality Control KW - Pollution Taxes KW - Crop Production KW - Nitrates KW - Government policies KW - Irrigation KW - Water pollution control KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater KW - Benefits KW - Pollution control KW - Technology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resource+Modeling&rft.atitle=Controlling+groundwater+quality+with+endogenous+regulatory+instruments&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSandretto%2C+C%3BLee%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Resource+Modeling&rft.issn=08908575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Groundwater; Water Quality Control; Irrigation Systems; Corn; Crop Production; Nitrates; Economic Aspects; Benefits; Fertilizers; Pollution Taxes; Technology; Groundwater pollution; Agriculture; Environmental economics; Water pollution control; Irrigation; Taxation; Government policies; Water quality; Pollution control; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxic lignans of Leucophyllum frutescens AN - 17386002; 4602850 AB - Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1) extract of the leaves of Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M.Johnst (Scrophulariaceae) led to the isolation of its phytotoxic constituents diayangambin (1), epiyangambin (2), diasesartemin (3) and epiashantin (4). Phytotoxicity was demonstrated as inhibition of seed germination of Agrostis stolonifera cv. penncross (Poaceae) and inhibition of development of Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) seedlings in a microassay using 24-well plates. Compound 1 was the most phytotoxic to L. sativa, showing strong inhibitory activity at 110 mu M. Compound 1 was more active than 2 and 3 in inhibiting the growth of A. stolonifera with I sub(50) values of 160, 670 and 930 mu M, respectively. At a concentration of 500 mu M, these compounds inhibited all phases of onion root cell division. This is the first demonstration of antimitotic activity of these furofuran lignans, and the first report of their isolation from this species. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Rimando, A M AU - Dayan, F E AU - Mikell, J R AU - Moraes, R M AD - USDA ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 39 EP - 43 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - diayangambin KW - epiashantin KW - epiyangambin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Bioassays KW - Leucophyllum frutescens KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Plant extracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17386002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Phytotoxic+lignans+of+Leucophyllum+frutescens&rft.au=Rimando%2C+A+M%3BDayan%2C+F+E%3BMikell%2C+J+R%3BMoraes%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291522-7189%28199902%297%3A13.3.CO%3B2-U LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leucophyllum frutescens; Plant extracts; Phytotoxicity; Bioassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7189(199902)7:1<39::AID-NT38>3.3.CO;2-U ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the economic benefits and costs of conservation tillage AN - 17384788; 4603010 AB - The economic benefits of the adoption of conservation tillage depend on site-specific factors, including soil characteristics, local climatic conditions, cropping patterns, and other attributes of the overall farming operation. While it is possible to draw some general inferences about components of economic returns and costs, a comprehensive assessment of the net private benefits from greater use of conservation tillage is not feasible. JF - International Journal of Environment and Pollution AU - Uri, N D AD - Resource Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 165 EP - 185 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0957-4352, 0957-4352 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental economics KW - Economic Aspects KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Benefits KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17384788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environment+and+Pollution&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+economic+benefits+and+costs+of+conservation+tillage&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environment+and+Pollution&rft.issn=09574352&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Benefits; Economic Aspects; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Feasibility Studies; Conservation; Cost-benefit analysis; Environmental economics; Agriculture; Feasibility studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of public policy on conservation tillage in US agriculture AN - 17384502; 4603011 AB - A number of policy tools are used to reduce soil erosion from agricultural lands in the USA, including education and technical assistance, financial assistance, land retirement, and conservation compliance requirements. Education and technical assistance by public and private sources can be effective in promoting the adoption of conservation tillage by farmers for whom that practice will be profitable. Financial incentives may be necessary to induce the voluntary adoption of conservation tillage by farmers for whom the practice would not be more profitable than conventional tillage but on whose land the use of conservation tillage would provide substantial offsite benefits. JF - International Journal of Environment and Pollution AU - Uri, N D AD - Resource Inventory Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 186 EP - 201 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0957-4352, 0957-4352 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Resource management KW - Environmental economics KW - Soil erosion KW - Public Policy KW - Resources Management KW - Education KW - Natural resources KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17384502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environment+and+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+public+policy+on+conservation+tillage+in+US+agriculture&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environment+and+Pollution&rft.issn=09574352&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public Policy; Conservation; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Soil Erosion; Resources Management; Cultivated Lands; Agriculture; Education; Soil erosion; Environmental economics; Natural resources; Resource management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen uptake and partitioning under alternate- and every-furrow irrigation AN - 17384033; 4599568 AB - Alternate-furrow irrigation, combined with fertilizer placement in the non-irrigated furrow, has the potential to reduce fertilizer leaching in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). The potential also exists, however, for reduced N uptake under alternate-furrow irrigation. This study examined the effects of fertilizer placement and irrigation treatment on N uptake, roota arrow right shoot arrow right root circulation, and partitioning between reproductive and vegetative tissues. Rainfall was above average in both years of the study, especially during May and June, so that root growth beneath the non-irrigated furrow was equal to root production beneath the irrigated furrow. Under those conditions, soil NO sub(3) concentration in the fertilized furrow during late-vegetative and reproductive growth was greater in the alternate-furrow compared with the every-furrow treatment, resulting in increased fertilizer N uptake during reproductive growth and increased N partitioning to reproductive tissues under alternate-furrow irrigation. About 80% of the fertilizer N found in roots had first been translocated to the shoot and then returned via the phloem to the root system. Nitrogen cycling from root to shoot to root was not affected by irrigation treatment. Alternate-furrow irrigation successfully increased N uptake and reduced the potential for NO sub(3)leaching when environmental conditions allowed adequate root development in the non-irrigated furrow, and when the growing season was long enough to allow the crop to reach physiological maturity. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Skinner, R H AU - Hanson, J D AU - Benjamin, J G AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, Building 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA, rhs7@psu.edu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 210 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Leaching KW - Plant Growth KW - Furrow Irrigation KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Rainfall KW - Corn KW - Roots KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17384033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+uptake+and+partitioning+under+alternate-+and+every-furrow+irrigation&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BBenjamin%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004695301778 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrogen; Furrow Irrigation; Fertilizers; Cycling Nutrients; Leaching; Corn; Rainfall; Plant Growth; Roots DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004695301778 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analytical issues in nutritional chromium research AN - 17380809; 4603970 AB - In most readily accessible biological samples from humans, like blood, serum/plasma, urine, etc, the levels of chromium (Cr) are less than 1 ng/g, and in many cases closer to 0.1 ng/g. Only 3 analytical techniques have the required sensitivity to make measurements at these levels, namely, neutron activation analysis (NAA), mass spectrometry (MS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The first 2 are not widely available, and the third is the one most susceptible to interferences from the sample matrix. At the sub-parts-per-billion level, collecting samples without contaminating them and generating sufficiently low analytical and reagent blanks become extremely important and difficult. For other determinations of Cr, eg, in diet components, foods and tissues, where the levels are often well above the ng/g level, the required sensitivity is less of a limitation, but contamination problems remain, and factors like sample processing and homogeneity become more important. Problems and precautions in Cr determinations are discussed, and means of accuracy verification are presented. A novel use of stable isotopes of Cr in an accurate, non-radioactive method of measuring blood volume is described, as well as a discussion of the future of Cr determinations using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 99 EP - 109 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave. New York NY 10158 USA VL - 12 IS - 2 KW - measuring techniques KW - atomic absorption spectroscopy KW - mass spectroscopy KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Plasma KW - Chromium KW - Urine KW - Serum KW - Nutrition KW - Neutron activation analysis KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Analytical+issues+in+nutritional+chromium+research&rft.au=Veillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Veillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-670X%281999%2912%3A23.0.CO%3B2-M LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1999)12:2<99::AID-JTRA7>3.0.CO;2-M ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areal distribution of the influence of ENSO on the annual rainfall in Ecuador TT - Repartition spatiale de l'influence de l'ENSO sur les precipitations annuelles en Equateur AN - 17372113; 4594004 AB - The influence of ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) on rainfall has been studied in numerous regions of the world and especially in South America. Ecuador, located between Peru and Colombia, is one of the regions most affected by this phenomenon. This country has been little studied and this part of the world remains undefined in global studies due to lack of data. We propose to fill this gap by homogenization of rainfall series from 210 stations spread between the coastal regions, the Andes and the Amazonian slope of Ecuador. This study was carried out with the regional vector method of BRUNET-MORET (1979), based on the hypothesis of pseudo-proportionality between the total rainfall of the stations located in a homogeneous area. This method also allowed us to regionalize the annual rainfall and thus to define 18 homogeneous areas in which the inter-annual variations are represented by a rainfall index. This zoning differs from previous ones (POURRUT, 1994) in that the parameter determining the regionalization is the chronological evolution of total rainfall and not the mean rainfall values. This approach is the most appropriate for the analysis of annual rainfall evolution. The available data permit the calculation of these indices in a continuous way for the 30-year period between 1964 and 1993, the annual cycle considered being the hydrological year that begins in September and finishes in August of the following year. JF - Revue des Sciences de l'Eau/Journal of Water Science AU - Rossel, F AU - Goulven, P L AU - Cadier, E AD - GRL-ARS-USDA, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, rossel@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 183 EP - 200 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0992-7158, 0992-7158 KW - BRUNET-MORET KW - Ecuador KW - South America KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Homogeneity KW - Geographical distribution KW - Regional Analysis KW - Data handling KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Rainfall KW - El Nino phenomenon KW - Time series analysis KW - Rainfall Index KW - Time Series Analysis KW - El Nino KW - Areal Precipitation KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Data Processing KW - Hydrology KW - Evolution KW - Runoff KW - El Nino phenomena KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+Sciences+de+l%27Eau%2FJournal+of+Water+Science&rft.atitle=Areal+distribution+of+the+influence+of+ENSO+on+the+annual+rainfall+in+Ecuador&rft.au=Rossel%2C+F%3BGoulven%2C+P+L%3BCadier%2C+E&rft.aulast=Rossel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+des+Sciences+de+l%27Eau%2FJournal+of+Water+Science&rft.issn=09927158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - French DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geographical distribution; Rainfall; Ocean-atmosphere system; Hydrology; Runoff; El Nino phenomena; Homogeneity; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Data handling; El Nino phenomenon; Time series analysis; Rainfall Index; Time Series Analysis; Regional Analysis; El Nino; Areal Precipitation; Data Processing; Evolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation diversity in an interconnected ephemeral riparian system of north-central Arizona, USA AN - 17359646; 4566492 AB - A vegetation survey was conducted in the Pumphouse Wash canyon system, south of Flagstaff, Arizona. Plant species distribution, abundance, and diversity were quantified within and among canyons in this sensitive ephemeral riparian area. Abiotic variables were examined to see if they could predict vegetation diversity. Results of stand ordination and cluster analysis suggested that variation in vegetation distribution and composition was best explained by a complex temperature/moisture - substrate gradient. Understory diversity in general was related to changes in slope and sand/gravel substrate. Each tributary canyon supported unique plant species and the riparian vegetation in one tributary canyon was significantly less diverse than in each of the other canyons. The two canyons with the lowest understory diversity contained rare plant species not found in the other, more diverse canyons. Thus, overall diversity was demonstrated to be a poor predictor of the presence of rare species. Similarly, abiotic variation was useful at predicting diversity levels but was not useful at predicting species occurrence or ecological quality. In summary, attributes frequently considered of use for predicting conservation value of one type (e.g., diversity) were not good at predicting other conservation values (e.g., rarity). JF - Biological Conservation AU - Zimmerman, J C AU - DeWald, LE AU - Rowlands, P G AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 217 EP - 228 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Surveys KW - Species Diversity KW - Rare species KW - Plant Populations KW - Plant communities KW - Riparian environments KW - Substrates KW - Conservation KW - Canyons KW - Vegetation surveys KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17359646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Vegetation+diversity+in+an+interconnected+ephemeral+riparian+system+of+north-central+Arizona%2C+USA&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+J+C%3BDeWald%2C+LE%3BRowlands%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2899%2900035-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Species Diversity; Canyons; Prediction; Riparian Vegetation; Substrates; Surveys; Conservation; Plant Populations; Riparian environments; Vegetation surveys; Rare species; Plant communities DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00035-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on flower, pollen, and nectar production AN - 17356870; 4537029 AB - Intensified ultraviolet-B radiation or UV-B (wavelengths between 280 and 320 nm) can delay flowering and diminish lifetime flower production in a few plants. Here we studied the effects of enhanced UV-B on floral traits crucial to pollination and pollinator reproduction. We observed simultaneous flowering responses of a new crop plant, Limnanthes alba (Limnathaceae), and a wildflower, Phacelia campanularia (Hydrophyllaceae), to five lifetime UV-B dosages ranging between 2.74 and 15.93 kJ times m super(-2) times d super(-1). Floral traits known to link plant pollination with bee host preference, host fidelity and larval development were measured. Intensified UV-B had no overall effect on nectar and pollen production of L. alba and P. campanularia flowers. A quadratic relationship between UV-B and nectar sugar production occurred in P. campanularia and showed that even subambient UV-B dosages can be deleterious for a floral trait. Other floral responses to UV-B were more dramatic and idiosyncratic. As UV-B dosage increased, L. alba plants were less likely to flower, but suffered no delays in flowering or reductions to lifetime flower production for those that did flower. Conversely, an equal proportion of P. campanularia plants flowered under all UV-B treatments, but these same plants experienced delayed onset to bloom and produced fewer flowers at greater UV-B intensities. Therefore, intensified UV-B clicits idiosyncratic responses in flowering phenology and flower production from these two annual plants. Diurnal patterns in nectar and pollen production strongly coincided with fluctuating humidity and only weakly with UV-B dosage. Overall, our results indicated that intensified UV-B can alter some flowering traits that impinge upon plant competition for pollinator services, as well as plant and pollinator reproductive success. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Sampson, B J AU - Cane, J H AD - USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5310 Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 108 EP - 114 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Flowers KW - U.V. radiation KW - Limnanthes alba KW - Nectar KW - Pollen KW - Phacelia campanularia KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17356870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Impact+of+enhanced+ultraviolet-B+radiation+on+flower%2C+pollen%2C+and+nectar+production&rft.au=Sampson%2C+B+J%3BCane%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Limnanthes alba; Phacelia campanularia; U.V. radiation; Flowers; Pollen; Nectar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of black cherry, green ash, and yellow-poplar seedlings AN - 17336081; 4601779 AB - Potted seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) (BC), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) (GA), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) (YP) were exposed to one of the four treatments: (1) charcoal-filtered air (CF) at ambient CO sub(2) (control); (2) twice ambient O sub(3) (2xO sub(3)); (3) twice ambient CO sub(2) (650 mu l l super(-1)) plus CF air (2xCO sub(2)); or (4) twice ambient CO sub(2) (650 mu l l super(-1)) plus twice ambient O sub(3) (2xCO sub(2)+2xO sub(3)). The treatments were duplicated in eight continuously stirred tank reactors for 10 weeks. Gas exchange was measured during the last 3 weeks of treatment and all seedlings were destructively harvested after 10 weeks. Significant interactive effects of O sub(3) and CO sub(2) on the gas exchange of all three species were limited. The effects of elevated CO sub(2) and O sub(3), singly and combined, on light-saturated net photosynthesis (A sub(max)) and stomatal conductance (g sub(s)) were inconsistent across species. In all three species, elevated O sub(3) had no effect on g sub(s). Elevated CO sub(2) significantly increased A sub(max) in GA and YP foliage, and decreased g sub(s) in YP foliage. Maximum carbon exchange rates and quantum efficiencies derived from light-response curves increased, while compensation irradiance and dark respiration decreased in all three species when exposed to 2xCO sub(2). Elevated O sub(3) affected few of these parameters but any change that was observed was opposite to that from exposure to 2xCO sub(2)-air. Interactive effects of CO sub(2) and O sub(3) on light-response parameters were limited. Carboxylation efficiencies, derived from CO sub(2)-response curves (A/C sub(i) curves) decreased only in YP foliage exposed to 2xCO sub(2)-air. In general, growth was significantly stimulated by 2xCO sub(2) in all three species; though there were few significant growth responses following exposure to 2xO sub(3) or the combination of 2xCO sub(2) plus 2xO sub(3). Results indicate that responses to interacting stressors such as O sub(3) and CO sub(2) are species specific. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Loats, K V AU - Rebbeck, J AD - USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 4301, USA, jrebbecke/ne_de@fs.fedous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 237 EP - 248 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Fraxinus pennsylvanica KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Prunus serotina KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Pollution effects KW - Air pollution KW - Growth KW - Seedlings KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17336081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Interactive+effects+of+ozone+and+elevated+carbon+dioxide+on+the+growth+and+physiology+of+black+cherry%2C+green+ash%2C+and+yellow-poplar+seedlings&rft.au=Loats%2C+K+V%3BRebbeck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Loats&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2899%2900069-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Physiology; Seedlings; Air pollution; Growth; Carbon dioxide; Ozone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00069-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avian distribution in Dominican shade coffee plantations: Area and habitat relationships AN - 17297018; 4565040 AB - Residents and wintering Nearctic migrants were sampled by point counts in 40 small to medium-sized (0.07-8.65 ha) shade coffee plantations with an overstory of Inga vera in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. The purpose of the study was to determine the relative importance of plantation area, isolation, and habitat structure to avian distribution and abundance. Variation in abundance was unrelated to plantation area for all migrant species (n = 7), whereas the local abundance of four of ten resident species increased significantly with area. Elevation was the only variable that significantly contributed to the total number of species per plantation (fewer species at higher elevation), and no habitat variables significantly contributed to variation in the total number of migrant species. In contrast, significantly higher numbers of resident species were found in larger and older plantations at lower elevations, characterized by numerous stems greater than or equal to 3 cm DBH, little or no pruning of overstory branches, and maximum canopy cover at 12.0-15.0 m. Coffee plantations with high levels of structural and floristic diversity should be encouraged for avian conservation, and even the smallest plantations, if not too isolated by treeless areas, can contribute to avian abundance and diversity in tropical agricultural regions. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Palmer, Puerto Rico 00721 USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 58 EP - 70 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Birds KW - Coffee KW - Dominican Rep. KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Ecological distribution KW - Shade KW - Habitat utilization KW - Coffea arabica KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Plantations KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Avian+distribution+in+Dominican+shade+coffee+plantations%3A+Area+and+habitat+relationships&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+JM+Jr&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Coffea arabica; Habitat utilization; Plantations; Habitat fragmentation; Shade; Ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping surface energy flux partitioning at large scales with optical and microwave remote sensing data from Washita '92 AN - 17277474; 4590127 AB - A model evaluating the energy balance of the soil/substrate and vegetation (i.e., two-source) was applied to remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture maps generated from passive microwave data collected during the Washita '92 experiment. Model parameters were derived from a soil texture and a land-use/land cover database along with a normalized difference vegetation index map created from a SPOT satellite image. The Bowen ratio (B sub(O), ratio of sensible to latent heat flux) was used for investigating the temporal and spatial variability in model output. Comparisons, between predicted and observed heat fluxes were made with values summed over the daytime period. Daily maps of midday B sub(O) indicated areas with low vegetation cover or bare soil and senescent vegetation were drying out significantly (i.e., dramatic increases in B sub(O)), while other areas with higher vegetation cover showed smaller increases in B sub(O) in response to a drying soil surface. This result agrees with the profile soil moisture and surface flux observations indicating adequate moisture was available to the vegetation for meeting atmospheric demand. The predicted daytime fluxes agreed to within 1 mm of the observations with approximately 25% difference between modeled and observed daytime evapotranspiration. Differences between modeled and measured surface temperatures averaged approximately 2 K. The discrepancies between model output and observations are similar to the uncertainty in these measurements, indicating that the model provided reliable daytime energy flux maps for the Washita '92 study area using remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Kustas, W P AU - Zhan, Xiwu AU - Jackson, T J AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Lab, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 265 EP - 277 PB - American Geophysical Union VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Microwaves KW - Experimental data KW - Energy KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - Data collections KW - Mapping KW - Soil water KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17277474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Mapping+surface+energy+flux+partitioning+at+large+scales+with+optical+and+microwave+remote+sensing+data+from+Washita+%2792&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BZhan%2C+Xiwu%3BJackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Experimental data; Energy; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Mapping; Data collections; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusarium solani endo-polygalacturonase from decayed muskmelon fruit: purification and characterization AN - 17254987; 4553280 AB - Fusarium solani is one of the more important fungal pathogens involved in pre- and post-harvest decay of muskmelon fruit. Production of polygalacturonase (PG), by F. solani was studied in vitro and in vivo . The fungus produced at least 14 PG isozymes with pIs of 4.5 to 9.5 in shake culture using pectin as the sole carbon source. When glucose and pectin were used in combination as the carbon source, total PG activity decreased substantially as compared to pectin alone, suggesting that glucose may suppress PG production in vitro . Only one PG isozyme, designated as PG1, was detected in extracts from infected fruit tissue. PG1 from decayed fruit was purified to homogeneity by protein extraction, ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and cation exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of PG1 was estimated at 38 kDa based on SDS-PAGE with a pI of 9.5 according to IEF-PAGE. PG1 exhibited only endo-PG activity based on viscosity reduction and thin layer chromatography analysis of products released by enzymatic action. The optimum pH for PG1 activity was 6. The K sub(m) and V sub(max) of PG1 using polygalacturonic acid as the substrate were 1.34 mg ml super(-1)and 0.30 unit mu g protein super(-1), respectively. PG1 effectively macerated fruit tissue which suggests that it may play an important role in decay of muskmelon fruit caused by F. solani . JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Zhang, J AU - Bruton, B D AU - Biles, CL AD - USDA-ARS, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Lane, 74555, OK, U.S.A., bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 171 EP - 186 PB - Academic Press VL - 54 IS - 5/6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - endopolygalacturonase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Cucumis melo KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Spoilage KW - Fusarium solani KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17254987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Fusarium+solani+endo-polygalacturonase+from+decayed+muskmelon+fruit%3A+purification+and+characterization&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BBiles%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5%2F6&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis melo; Fusarium solani; Fruits; Spoilage; Post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Nectar on Microbial Antagonists Evaluated for Use in Control of Fire Blight of Pome Fruits AN - 17252039; 4527749 AB - Under warm, dry conditions, Erwinia amylovora can become established in relatively high populations on apple (Malus domestica) or pear (Pyrus communis) flower stigmas, and subsequent wet conditions facilitate its movement to the flower hypanthium where infection generally is initiated through the nectarthodes. Research on biological control of fire blight has focused mainly on the flower stigma, and knowledge is lacking regarding the effect of nectar on microbial antagonists in the flower hypanthium. The biocontrol agents Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and Pantoea agglomerans strain C9-1 were cultured in a basal liquid medium with various concentrations (0 to 50% total sugar) of sucrose or synthetic nectar (sucrose/glucose/fructose, 2:1:1). Strain A506 showed less growth and lower survival than strain C9-1 at high sugar levels, and A506 was less effective than C9-1 as a preemptive antagonist of E. amylovora in high-sugar media. Both antagonist strains were less tolerant to high sugar levels than E. amylovora (strain Ea153). The same bacteria were cultured in a medium with 25% total sugar consisting of various proportions of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and growth response correlated strongly with solute potential. When 28 microbial strains were cultured in synthetic nectar (25% total sugar) and ranked based on growth, strains clustered according to taxonomic group. Yeasts were most osmotolerant, followed by strains of E. amylovora, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Further studies done in planta are necessary to determine whether osmotolerance of antagonists is advantageous in the biological control of fire blight. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pusey, P L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 39 EP - 46 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Pyrus communis KW - Fireblight KW - Blight KW - Malus domestica KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Nectar+on+Microbial+Antagonists+Evaluated+for+Use+in+Control+of+Fire+Blight+of+Pome+Fruits&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Malus domestica; Pyrus communis; Biological control; Fireblight; Blight; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk-spreading and bet-hedging in insect population biology AN - 17245248; 4533124 AB - In evolutionary ecology, risk-spreading (i.e. bet-hedging) is the idea that unpredictably variable environments favor genotypes with lower variance in fitness at the cost of lower arithmetic mean fitness. Variance in fitness can be reduced by physiology or behavior that spreads risk of encountering an unfavorable environment over time or space. Such risk-spreading can be achieved by a single phenotype that avoids risks (conservative risk-spreading) or by phenotypic variation expressed by a single genotype (diversified risk-spreading). Across these categories, three types of risk-spreading can be usefully distinguished: temporal, metapopulation, and within-generation. Theory suggests that temporal and metapopulation risk-spreading may work under a broad range of population sizes, but within-generation risk-spreading appears to work only when populations are small. Although genetic polymorphisms have sometimes been treated as risk-spreading, the underlying mechanisms are different, and they often require different conditions for their evolution and thus are better treated separately. I review the types of evidence that could be used to test for risk-spreading and discuss evidence for risk-spreading in facultative diapause, migration polyphenism, spatial distribution of oviposition, egg size, and other miscellaneous traits. Although risk-spreading theory is voluminous and well developed in some ways, rarely has it been used to generate detailed, testable hypotheses about the evolution of risk-spreading. Furthermore, although there is evidence for risk-spreading, particularly in facultative diapause, I have been unable to find any definitive tests with unequivocal results showing that risk-spreading has been a major factor in the evolution of insect behaviors or life histories. To advance our understanding of risk-spreading in the wild, we need (a) explicit empirical models that predict levels of diversifying risk-spreading for several insect populations in several environments that vary in uncertainty, and (b) tests of these models using measurements of phenotypes and their fitnesses over several generations in each environment. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Hopper, K R AD - Beneficial Insect Introduction Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 535 EP - 560 VL - 44 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Insects KW - bet-hedging KW - risk-spreading KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Fitness KW - Insecta KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Y 25843:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Risk-spreading+and+bet-hedging+in+insect+population+biology&rft.au=Hopper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Fitness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Benefits and Challenges of Large-scale Silvicultural Experiments: Perspectives from Forest Managers on the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study AN - 17240651; 4517157 AB - The purpose of this paper is to share with other land managers and scientists some of the lessons learned in implementing the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study, and to give our perspectives on the application of large-scale harvest experiments on public lands. We briefly discuss aspects of site selection; timber sale planning, administration, and post-harvest activities; assistance in study installation; funding and timelines; and public involvement. We offer perspective on large-scale studies, including the importance of adaptive management, the value of a study plan, the necessity for collaboration in the process, and the benefits of public involvement. We have already learned a great deal about implementing large-scale experiments, gathered a wealth of information about the DEMO research sites, and experienced first-hand the challenges and rewards of collaboration among scientists and managers. Perhaps the most important lesson to emerge is that the rigidity required of scientific study may conflict with operational forest management. However, collaboration among participants can allow implementation of large-scale experiments that are both rigorous in design, and relevant in practice. Managers and scientists involved with the DEMO study would like data collection and analysis to continue in future decades. Knowledge of long-term responses, such as tree growth and forest structural development, will not be developed in the short run. We would also like to encourage new studies within the existing research sites, timely sharing of research results, and continued collaboration among scientists and managers. JF - Northwest Science AU - Abbott, R S AU - White, J D AU - Woodard, B L AD - USDA Forest Service, Umpqua National Forest, Diamond Lake Ranger District, Idleyld Park, OR 97447, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 118 EP - 125 VL - 73 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Cooperation KW - Regeneration KW - Ecosystem management KW - Forests KW - Harvesting KW - Research programs KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17240651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=The+Benefits+and+Challenges+of+Large-scale+Silvicultural+Experiments%3A+Perspectives+from+Forest+Managers+on+the+Demonstration+of+Ecosystem+Management+Options+%28DEMO%29+Study&rft.au=Abbott%2C+R+S%3BWhite%2C+J+D%3BWoodard%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem management; Research programs; Cooperation; Forests; Harvesting; Regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of sodium erythorbate and ethylenediurea on photosynthetic function of ozone-exposed loblolly pine seedlings AN - 17240595; 4523813 AB - In an open-top chamber study in east Texas, ozone-sensitive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were treated with either the antioxidant Ozoban (74.5% sodium erythorbate active ingredient (a.i.)) at 0, 1030, or 2060 mg liter super(-1) or ethylenediurea (EDU 50% a.i.) at 0, 150, or 300 ppm every 2 weeks while being subjected to a range of ozone exposures beginning in April 1994. The ozone exposures included sub-ambient ozone levels (CF), approximate ambient (NF), and 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 times ambient ozone (1.5x, 2.0x, and 2.5x, respectively). The response variables included net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g), chloroplast pigment concentration, and total foliar N concentration. Foliar injury due to ozone was observed early in the growing season, but subsided over time. Ozoban did not have any consistent effects throughout the experiment on the response variables, but did cause changes early in the study on gas exchange. Both g and A photosynthesis were greater at elevated ozone levels in seedlings treated with 1030 mg liter super(-1) of Ozoban compared to those treated with either 0 or 2060 mg liter super(-1) for the first sampling period in June. However, at CF, seedlings treated with 1030 mg liter super(-1) of Ozoban showed signs of reduced A compared to the other antioxidant treatments. This indicates that sodium erythorbate may have a negative physiological effect on seedlings in a low ozone environment. For EDU-treated seedlings, no consistent antioxidant treatment effects were observed, but linear regression analysis indicates that EDU shows promise in providing protection from ozone injury. At 150 ppm, EDU may retard stomatal closure in younger pine seedlings. No consistent benefit was afforded to chloroplast pigments for the study by either antioxidant. Ozoban at 2060 mg liter super(-1) appeared to have phytotoxic effects with regards to chlorophyll a and total carotenoids in the latter stages of the experiment. No significant Ozoban or EDU effects were observed with respect to total foliar N concentration until the final sampling period in October, where foliage treated with 300 ppm of EDU displayed higher N concentration at all ozone levels except 1.5x ambient ozone. Foliage treated with 150 ppm EDU showed the lowest nitrogen concentration in CF and NF, but the highest in 1.5x. Because of relatively low ozone exposures during the study year and the closeness with which the seedlings were grown, these results may not accurately represent the benefits of sodium erythorbate or EDU in reducing ozone stress in loblolly pine seedlings for field-grown trees. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Kuehler, E A AU - Flagler, R B AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Management Research, 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360, USA, ekuehler/srs_pineville@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 25 EP - 35 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Pinus taeda KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Antioxidants KW - Physiology KW - Pollution effects KW - Seedlings KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17240595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+sodium+erythorbate+and+ethylenediurea+on+photosynthetic+function+of+ozone-exposed+loblolly+pine+seedlings&rft.au=Kuehler%2C+E+A%3BFlagler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Kuehler&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Physiology; Antioxidants; Seedlings; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective isolation of bacterial antagonists of Botrytis cinerea AN - 17238113; 4517264 AB - Most potential fungal antagonists have been identified only after exhaustive non-selective screening. Bacteria antagonistic to Botrytis cinerea were selected using a simple method based on techniques developed for trace enrichment studies, where a crude cell wall preparation from B. cinerea was used as a selective substrate and bacteria were isolated based on growth on cell wall agar media. Most of the 52 bacterial isolates that were obtained from the surface of 'organically grown' strawberry fruit and could grow on B. cinerea wall media in culture showed some ability to inhibit the growth of the fungus. Potato dextrose agar seeded with B. cinerea spores (10 super(4) ml super(-1)) were challenged with each of these bacterial isolates at concentrations of 10 super(9) and 10 super(6) colony forming units ml super(-1). Eleven of the 52 isolates initially recovered, subsequently demonstrated strong antagonism in vitro and were selected for additional screening tests on strawberry fruit. All 11 isolates reduced grey mold rot incidence on fruit in storage. Three of the best isolates were tested in limited field trials, and also reduced grey mold rot on fruit under field conditions. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Moline, H AU - Hubbard, JE AU - Karns, J S AU - Buyer, J S AU - Cohen, J D AD - USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 002, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, jdcohen@wam.umd.edu Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 95 EP - 101 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Bacteria KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Grey mold KW - Antagonists KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Selective+isolation+of+bacterial+antagonists+of+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Moline%2C+H%3BHubbard%2C+JE%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BBuyer%2C+J+S%3BCohen%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Moline&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Antagonists; Biological control; Grey mold; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the Effects of Varying Levels and Patterns of Green-tree Retention: Experimental Design of the DEMO Study AN - 17237691; 4517150 AB - In western Oregon and Washington, recent changes in federal forest management policy contained in the Northwest Forest Plan have led to new harvest prescriptions on millions of acres of public lands. For example, on upland sites, standards and guidelines now require that live (green) trees are retained in at least 15% of the area within each harvest unit and recommend that at least 70% of this retention is in patches of moderate to larger size (0.2-1.0 ha or more). These prescriptions for green-tree retention were based on the professional judgement and collective knowledge of many of the biologists who have studied the organisms and ecological processes that characterize these forests, but they have not been rigorously tested nor implemented on a broad geographic scale. Several prescriptions for green-tree retention are being evaluated experimentally by the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study. In this paper, we briefly review recent changes in forest management policy and existing information gaps that led to the establishment of the DEMO study. We then provide an overview of the criteria for site selection, the experimental design and harvest prescriptions, the scope of scientific inquiry, and the collaboration that has occurred between scientists and land managers. These discussions provide the context and experimental framework for the individual research papers that comprise the remainder of this volume. JF - Northwest Science AU - Aubry, K B AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Halpern, C B AU - White, J D AU - Woodard, B L AU - Peterson, CE AU - Lagoudakis, CA AU - Horton, A J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 12 EP - 26 VL - 73 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Patches KW - Government policy KW - Forest practices KW - Harvesting KW - Research programs KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17237691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+Effects+of+Varying+Levels+and+Patterns+of+Green-tree+Retention%3A+Experimental+Design+of+the+DEMO+Study&rft.au=Aubry%2C+K+B%3BAmaranthus%2C+M+P%3BHalpern%2C+C+B%3BWhite%2C+J+D%3BWoodard%2C+B+L%3BPeterson%2C+CE%3BLagoudakis%2C+CA%3BHorton%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Aubry&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government policy; Forest practices; Research programs; Harvesting; Patches ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of moisture and sorption on bioavailability of p-hydroxy-benzoic acid to Arthrobacter sp. in soil AN - 17236822; 4517283 AB - Effects of bioavailability on degradation of super(14)C-p-hydroxybenzoate were examined using sterile soil inoculated with Arthrobacter sp. Physical accessibility of p-hydroxybenzoate was controlled by varying pore continuity with a range of moisture regimes (-33 to -420 kPa), whereas sorption was controlled via addition of an exchange resin. Arthrobacter sp. accessed 94% of p-hydroxybenzoate in soil at -33 kPa, owing to continuity of soil pores and sufficient cells to exploit available space. A deviation in degradation kinetics at -420 kPa soil was attributed to inaccessible p-hydroxybenzoate in solution. Addition of resin decreased extent of degradation, though the effect diminished as pore continuity decreased. Subtle differences in effects of these processes on degradation kinetics may facilitate their separate treatment in environmental fate models. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Johnson, T A AU - Sims, G K AU - Ellsworth, T R AU - Ballance, A R AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, gk-sims@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 349 EP - 353 VL - 153 IS - 4 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - p-Hydroxybenzoic acid KW - soil moisture KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bioavailability KW - Biodegradation KW - Arthrobacter KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+moisture+and+sorption+on+bioavailability+of+p-hydroxy-benzoic+acid+to+Arthrobacter+sp.+in+soil&rft.au=Johnson%2C+T+A%3BSims%2C+G+K%3BEllsworth%2C+T+R%3BBallance%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthrobacter; Soil microorganisms; Bioavailability; Biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Experiment for Assessing Vertebrate Response to Varying Levels and Patterns of Green-tree Retention AN - 17236064; 4517152 AB - The emphasis of forest management in the Pacific Northwest has shifted recently from the production of timber resources to the maintenance or restoration of biological diversity and ecosystem functioning. New standards and guidelines for management emphasize the retention of forest structures (live trees, logs, and snags) to reduce logging impacts, to enrich reestablished stands with important structural features, and to enhance connectivity across forest landscapes. However, little is known about the effects on wildlife of varying the level and spatial distribution of retained structures in forests of western Oregon and Washington. Replicated and controlled experiments within the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study are beginning to quantify the effects of varying the level and spatial aggregation of green-tree retention during forest harvest on a variety of ecosystem components (e.g., vertebrates, invertebrates, vegetation, fungi), as well as snow hydrology and social perceptions of these types of regeneration harvests. Eight replicate blocks of six experimental treatments have been established on the Umpqua National Forest in Oregon, and on the Gifford Pinchot National Forest and Capitol State Forest in Washington. The objectives of the wildlife studies are to quantify patterns of species richness, evenness, and relative abundance of birds, small mammals, bats, and amphibians before and after harvest to examine short-term treatment responses. Pre-treatment sampling has been completed on all sites, harvest treatments are in progress, and post-treatment sampling has begun. In this paper, we present an overview of our hypotheses and methods, and document the occurrence and relative abundance of species prior to harvest of the study blocks. Long-term studies of vertebrate response, habitat associations, and trophic interactions are planned. Results will inform managers on the consequences of alternative forest management strategies. JF - Northwest Science AU - Lehmkuhl, J F AU - West, S D AU - Chambers, CL AU - McComb, W C AU - Manuwal, DA AU - Aubry, K B AU - Erickson, J L AU - Gitzen, R A AU - Leu, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 45 EP - 63 VL - 73 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Species composition KW - Vertebrata KW - Harvesting KW - Species richness KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04666:Chordates - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=An+Experiment+for+Assessing+Vertebrate+Response+to+Varying+Levels+and+Patterns+of+Green-tree+Retention&rft.au=Lehmkuhl%2C+J+F%3BWest%2C+S+D%3BChambers%2C+CL%3BMcComb%2C+W+C%3BManuwal%2C+DA%3BAubry%2C+K+B%3BErickson%2C+J+L%3BGitzen%2C+R+A%3BLeu%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lehmkuhl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vertebrata; Ecosystem analysis; Species richness; Abundance; Forests; Harvesting; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers linked to a major quantitative trait locus controlling scab resistance in wheat AN - 17229600; 4512294 AB - Scab is a destructive disease of wheat. To accelerate development of scab-resistant wheat cultivars, molecular markers linked to scab resistance genes have been identified by using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived by single-seed descent from a cross between the resistant wheat cultivar Ning 7840 (resistant to spread of scab within the spike) and the susceptible cultivar Clark. In the greenhouse, F sub(5), F sub(6), F sub(7), and F sub(10) families were evaluated for resistance to spread of scab within a spike by injecting about 1,000 conidiospores of Fusarium graminearum into a central spikelet. Inoculated plants were kept in moist chambers for 3 days to promote initial infection and then transferred to greenhouse benches. Scab symptoms were evaluated four times (3, 9, 15, and 21 days after inoculation). The frequency distribution of scab severity indicated that resistance to spread of scab within a spike was controlled by a few major genes. DNA was isolated from both parents and F sub(9) plants of the 133 RILs. A total of 300 combinations of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primers were screened for polymorphisms using bulked segregant analysis. Twenty pairs of primers revealed at least one polymorphic band between the two contrasting bulks. The segregation of each of these bands was evaluated in the 133 RILs. Eleven AFLP markers showed significant association with scab resistance, and an individual marker explained up to 53% of the total variation (R super(2)). The markers with high R super(2) values mapped to a single linkage group. By interval analysis, one major quantitative trait locus for scab resistance explaining up to 60% of the genetic variation for scab resistance was identified. Some of the AFLP markers may be useful in marker-assisted breeding to improve resistance to scab in wheat. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bai, G AU - Kolb, F L AU - Shaner, G AU - Domier, L L AD - NCAUR-USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 343 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Amplified fragment length polymorphism KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Disease resistance KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Triticum aestivum KW - DNA KW - Scab KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17229600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Amplified+fragment+length+polymorphism+markers+linked+to+a+major+quantitative+trait+locus+controlling+scab+resistance+in+wheat&rft.au=Bai%2C+G%3BKolb%2C+F+L%3BShaner%2C+G%3BDomier%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Bai&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium graminearum; Triticum aestivum; Scab; Disease resistance; DNA; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association Between Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Fusarium solani (Moniliales: Tuberculariaceae) AN - 17218775; 4501257 AB - The fungus Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo was isolated from adult females of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) from 2 different populations (Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; and Allada, Benin, Africa). F. solani was isolated from 60% of H. hampei females reared on an artificial diet for 3 generations, from 90% of field-collected female beetles from Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, and from 100% of field-collected female beetles from Allada, Benin. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear rDNA of the isolates from Mexico and Benin were similar to each other and to published sequences of F. solani (asexual states of Nectria hematococca). The possibility of a symbiotic association between F. solani and H. hampei is discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rojas, M G AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - Harrington, T C AD - Formosan Subterranean Termite Unit, USDA-ARS-SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 98 EP - 100 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Africa KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Symbiosis KW - Scolytidae KW - Fungi KW - Genetic analysis KW - Hypothenemus hampei KW - Intraspecific relationships KW - Fusarium solani KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17218775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Association+Between+Hypothenemus+hampei+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+and+Fusarium+solani+%28Moniliales%3A+Tuberculariaceae%29&rft.au=Rojas%2C+M+G%3BMorales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BHarrington%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; Hypothenemus hampei; Scolytidae; Fungi; Intraspecific relationships; Symbiosis; Genetic analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant and soil responses to field-applied flue gas desulfurization residue AN - 17215239; 4499004 AB - The objective of this study was to document the availability of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residue-borne boron (B), sulfur (S), and molybdenum (Mo) for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) uptake when applied at agronomic rates to marginally B deficient soils. The FGD residue was applied at rates of 0, 0.46 and 3.75 Mg ha super(-1) on a silt loam soil immediately prior to alfalfa seeding. Alfalfa yields were unaffected by these rates of residue applications, but shoot concentrations of B and S in the second cutting, and B, S, and Mo in the third cutting were increased by residue applications. Hence, FGD residue is a readily available B source, particularly later in the growing season when native soil B availability decreased. JF - Fuel AU - Sloan, J J AU - Dowdy, R H AU - Dolan AU - Rehm, G W AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 169 EP - 174 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0016-2361, 0016-2361 KW - Medicago sativa KW - bioavailability KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Residues KW - Molybdenum KW - Boron KW - Land application KW - Flue gas desulfurization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel&rft.atitle=Plant+and+soil+responses+to+field-applied+flue+gas+desulfurization+residue&rft.au=Sloan%2C+J+J%3BDowdy%2C+R+H%3BDolan%3BRehm%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel&rft.issn=00162361&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land application; Sulfur; Residues; Boron; Molybdenum; Flue gas desulfurization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of linked QTL for soybean brown stem rot resistance in 'BSR 101' as expressed in a growth chamber environment AN - 17214268; 4486536 AB - The objective of this study was to map the gene(s) conferring resistance to brown stem rot in the soybean cultivar BSR 101. A population of 320 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was derived from a cross of BSR 101 and PI 437.654. Seedlings of each RIL and parent were inoculated by injecting stems with a suspension of spores and mycelia of Phialophora gregata, incubated in a growth chamber at 17 degree C, and assessed for resistance by monitoring the development of foliar and stem symptoms. The population also was evaluated with 146 RFLPs, 760 AFLPs, and 4 probes for resistance gene analogs (RGAs). Regression analysis identified a significant association between resistance and several markers on Linkage Group J of the USDA-ARS molecular marker linkage map. Interval analysis with Mapmaker QTL identified a major peak between marker RGA2V-1 and AFLP marker AAGATG152M on Linkage Group J. A second peak, associated only with stem symptoms, was identified between the RFLP B122I-1 and RGA2V-1, also on Linkage Group J. When composite interval mapping with QTL Cartographer was used, two linked QTL were identified with both foliar and stem disease assessment methods: a major QTL between AFLP markers AAGATG152E and ACAAGT260, and a minor QTL between RGA3I-3 and RGA3I-2. These results demonstrate that composite interval mapping gives increased precision over interval mapping and is capable of distinguishing two linked QTL. The minor QTL associated with the cluster of RGA3I loci is of special interest because it is the first example of a disease resistance QTL associated with a resistance gene analog. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Lewers, K S AU - Crane, E H AU - Bronson, C R AU - Schupp, J M AU - Keim, P AU - Shoemaker, R C AD - USDA-ARS-CICGR and Dept. of Agronomy and Dept. of Zoology/Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, rcsshoe@iastate.edu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 33 EP - 42 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - brown stem rot KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Quantitative trait loci KW - Disease resistance KW - Glycine max KW - Linkage analysis KW - Phialophora gregata KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17214268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Detection+of+linked+QTL+for+soybean+brown+stem+rot+resistance+in+%27BSR+101%27+as+expressed+in+a+growth+chamber+environment&rft.au=Lewers%2C+K+S%3BCrane%2C+E+H%3BBronson%2C+C+R%3BSchupp%2C+J+M%3BKeim%2C+P%3BShoemaker%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Lewers&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Phialophora gregata; Quantitative trait loci; Disease resistance; Linkage analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr from contaminated soil by three grass species inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi AN - 17212705; 4495499 AB - The use of plants to accumulate low level radioactive waste from soil, followed by incineration of plant material to concentrate radionuclides may prove to be a viable and economical method of remediating contaminated areas. We tested the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr uptake by bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) for the effectiveness on three different contaminated soil types. Exposure to super(137)Cs or super(90)Sr over the course of the experiment did not affect above ground biomass of the three grasses. The above ground biomass of bahia, johnson and switchgrass plants accumulated from 26.3 to 71.7% of the total amount of the super(137)Cs and from 23.8 to 88.7% of the total amount of the super(90)Sr added to the soil after three harvests. In each of the three grass species tested, plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices had greater aboveground plant biomass, higher concentrations of super(137)Cs or super(90)Sr in plant tissue, % accumulation of super(137)Cs or super(90)Sr from soil and plant bioconcentration ratios at each harvest than those that did not receive mycorrhizal inoculation. Johnson grass had greater aboveground plant biomass, greater accumulation of super(137)Cs or super(90)Sr from soil and plant higher bioconcentration ratios with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than bahia grass and switchgrass. The greatest accumulation of super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr was observed in johnson grass inoculated with G. mosseae. Grasses can grow in wide geographical ranges that include a broad variety of edaphic conditions. The highly efficient removal of these radionuclides by these grass species after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae supports the concept that remediation of radionuclide contaminated soils using mycorrhizal plants may present a viable strategy to remediate and reclaim sites contaminated with radionuclides. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Entry, JA AU - Watrud, L S AU - Reeves, M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soil Research Laboratory, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 449 EP - 457 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Panicum virginatum KW - Paspalum notatum KW - Sorghum halpense KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Pollutant removal KW - Cesium KW - Radioactive decontamination KW - Grasses KW - Fungi KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Radioisotopes KW - Strontium KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17212705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+super%28137%29Cs+and+super%2890%29Sr+from+contaminated+soil+by+three+grass+species+inoculated+with+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BReeves%2C+M&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radioisotopes; Soil remediation; Fungi; Cesium; Radioactive decontamination; Bioaccumulation; Strontium; Pollutant removal; Grasses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition between Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria americana as influenced by soil fertility AN - 17212575; 4495767 AB - The influence of soil fertility on competitive interactions between dioecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] and American eelgrass (Vallisneria americana Michx) was investigated. Addition series experiments were conducted with mixed plantings of Hydrilla: Vallisneria grown at two levels of soil fertility. Competitive abilities of each plant species were determined using the reciprocal-yield model of mean plant weight. In monocultures, Hydrilla biomass averaged six times higher at high fertility as compared to biomass at low fertility, whereas only a two-fold increase in biomass was obtained with Vallisneria grown in similar fertility treatments. In mixed cultures at high fertility, Hydrilla was the stronger competitor relative to Vallisneria, with one Hydrilla plant being competitively equivalent to 7.2 Vallisneria plants in terms of their respective abilities to reduce Hydrilla biomass. Under nutrient limiting conditions, however, Hydrilla growth and its competitive advantage over Vallisneria were both depressed, and Vallisneria was the dominant species. These data indicated that differential response to increased nutrient inputs is one major determinant of competitive success in mixtures of dioecious Hydrilla and Vallisneria. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Van, T K AU - Wheeler, G S AU - Center, T D AD - USDA/ARS, 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, thaivanrs.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 225 EP - 233 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aquatic plants KW - Biomass KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Growth KW - Soil fertility KW - Soils KW - Vallisneria americana KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Competition KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17212575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Competition+between+Hydrilla+verticillata+and+Vallisneria+americana+as+influenced+by+soil+fertility&rft.au=Van%2C+T+K%3BWheeler%2C+G+S%3BCenter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Van&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Soils; Aquatic plants; Nutrients (mineral); Biomass; Competition; Soil fertility; Nutrient concentrations; Vallisneria americana; Hydrilla verticillata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Precipitation Catch between Nine Measuring Systems AN - 17209342; 4496862 AB - A site was established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service on the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho in the fall of 1987 and operated through the spring of 1994, to compare precipitation catch between nine precipitation-measuring systems. This site was established as a part of the World Meteorological Organization's program to compare current national methods of measuring solid precipitation (snow), so the primary emphasis of this study was the measurement of snowfall. Over seven seasons, four of the systems measured snowfall and total catch, which included snow, mixed snow and rain, and rain events, within 4% of the Wyoming shielded gauge, which had the greatest total catch. These measuring systems were the Alter shielded gauge and the dual-gauge system from the United States, the doublefence shielded gauge from Russia, and the Nipher shielded gauge from Canada. The unshielded universal recording gauge that was mounted with its orifice at 3.05 m had the least catch in all precipitation categories, which amounted to 24% less snow, 18% less mixed snow and rain, and 10% less rain than was measured by the Wyoming shielded gauge. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Hanson, CL AU - Johnson, G L AU - Rango, A AD - USDA/ARS, Northwest Watershed Res. Ctr., 800 Park Blvd., Plaza IV, Ste. 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 70 EP - 76 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - USA, Idaho KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Rain gauges KW - Snow KW - Rainfall KW - Measuring devices KW - Precipitation KW - Measuring instruments KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17209342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Precipitation+Catch+between+Nine+Measuring+Systems&rft.au=Hanson%2C+CL%3BJohnson%2C+G+L%3BRango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Rain gauges; Snow; Rainfall; Measuring devices; Measuring instruments; Precipitation; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterisation of a prominent polygalacturonase isozyme produced by Phomopsis cucurbitae in decayed muskmelon fruit AN - 17206908; 4492260 AB - Phomopsis cucurbitae is a latent infection fungus which causes muskmelon fruit decay only after harvest. It can cause severe losses during fruit storage and marketing in the U.S.A., Japan and some Central American countries. Previous studies showed that P. cucurbitae produced polygalacturonase (PG) in both culture and muskmelon fruit tissue. In this study, a prominent PG isozyme (PG1) produced by P. cucurbitae in decayed fruit was purified to homogeneity by a procedure of extraction, ultrafiltration, preparative isoelectric focusing, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The isozyme had a primary endo-activity, a relative molecular weight of 54 kD according to SDS-PAGE, and a pI of 4.2 based on IEF-PAGE. The isozyme was active in a low pH range from 2 to 6, and was optimum at pH 5. Optimum temperature for the activity of PG1 was 40-45 degree C. The K sub(m) and V sub(max) on polygalacturonic acid were 44.7 mu g ml super(-1) and 0.14 U mu g super(-1) enzyme, respectively. The purified PG1 effectively macerated mature fruit tissue, suggesting that the isozyme may be involved in the pathogenesis of Phomopsis fruit rot of muskmelon. JF - Mycological Research AU - Zhang, Jiuxu AU - Bruton, B D AU - Biles, CL AD - USDA-ARS, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Lane, OK 74555, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 21 EP - 27 VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cucumis melo KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Polygalacturonase KW - Phomopsis cucurbitae KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17206908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterisation+of+a+prominent+polygalacturonase+isozyme+produced+by+Phomopsis+cucurbitae+in+decayed+muskmelon+fruit&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jiuxu%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BBiles%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jiuxu&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis melo; Phomopsis cucurbitae; Polygalacturonase; Post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial distribution of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in grasslands and adjacent wheat fields AN - 17200208; 4487189 AB - Ground beetles were captured during winter wheat growing season in 1993-1994 at four sites and in 1996-1997 at two sites using pitfall traps positioned in grasslands, wheat fields, and along grassland-wheat field edges. Of 69 species collected, six species accounted for 75.5% of the total number of beetles captured. The numbers of these species captured varied among years, seasons, and habitats. Species composition was most strongly influenced by season, followed by year, and then habitat (wheat vs. grassland). Ground beetles that reproduce in spring were separated from those producing young in autumn along the first axis of a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). With the effects of season and year removed, ground beetles were classified with respect to habitat preference along axes one and two of a partial CCA. Based on the ordination by partial CCA, ground beetles were classified as either habitat generalists, wheat specialists, grassland specialists, or boundary specialists. Landscape structure was an important component in determining the spatial distribution of ground beetles. JF - Pedobiologia AU - French, B W AU - Elliott, N C AD - USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 73 EP - 84 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ground beetles KW - temporal variations KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Crop fields KW - Spatial distribution KW - Grasslands KW - Agricultural land KW - Carabidae KW - Species composition KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17200208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+spatial+distribution+of+ground+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Carabidae%29+assemblages+in+grasslands+and+adjacent+wheat+fields&rft.au=French%2C+B+W%3BElliott%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carabidae; Seasonal variations; Spatial distribution; Grasslands; Crop fields; Agricultural land; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards AN - 17199058; 4480010 AB - The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is based on occurrences of the maximum 8 h average ambient ozone concentration. However, biologists have recommended a cumulative ozone exposure parameter to protect vegetation. In this paper we propose a third alternative which uses quantifiable flux-based numerical parameters as a replacement for cumulative ambient parameters. Herein we discuss the concept of ozone flux as it relates to plant response and the NAAQS, and document information needed before a flux-based ozone NAAQS for vegetation can be implemented. Additional research is needed in techniques for determining plant uptake and in the quantification of plant defensive mechanisms to ozone. Models which include feedback mechanisms should be developed to relate ozone flux, loading, and detoxification with photosynthesis and plant productivity. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Musselman, R C AU - Massman, W J AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA, bobm@lamar.ColoState.edu Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 65 EP - 73 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - Photosynthesis KW - Vegetation KW - Atmosphere KW - Air quality standards KW - Plants KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Ozone+flux+to+vegetation+and+its+relationship+to+plant+response+and+ambient+air+quality+standards&rft.au=Musselman%2C+R+C%3BMassman%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Musselman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photosynthesis; Detoxification; Atmosphere; Air quality standards; Vegetation; Plants; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut apple tissue and its potential for transmission by fruit flies AN - 17198317; 4482372 AB - Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7, as well as nonpathogenic strains ATCC 11775 and ATCC 23716, grew exponentially in wounds on Golden Delicious apple fruit. The exponential growth occurred over a longer time period on fruit inoculated with a lower concentration of the bacterium than on fruit inoculated with a higher concentration. The bacterium reached the maximum population supported in the wounds regardless of the initial inoculum concentrations. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 in various concentrations of sterilized apple juice and unsterilized cider declined over time and declined more quickly in diluted juice and cider. The decline was greater in the unsterilized cider than in juice, which may have resulted from the interaction of E. coli O157:H7 with natural populations of yeasts that increased with time. Experiments on the transmission of E. coli by fruit flies, collected from a compost pile of decaying apples and peaches, were conducted with strain F-11775, a fluorescent transformant of nonpathogenic E. coli ATCC 11775. Fruit flies were easily contaminated externally and internally with E. coli F-11775 after contact with the bacterium source. The flies transmitted this bacterium to uncontaminated apple wounds, resulting in a high incidence of contaminated wounds. Populations of the bacterium in apple wounds increased significantly during the first 48 h after transmission. Further studies under commercial conditions are necessary to confirm these findings. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Conway, W S AU - Brown, M W AU - Sapers, G M AU - Fratamico, P AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Juices KW - Vectors KW - Cider KW - Tephritidae KW - Disease transmission KW - Escherichia coli KW - Malus domestica KW - Drosophila KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17198317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+on+fresh-cut+apple+tissue+and+its+potential+for+transmission+by+fruit+flies&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BBrown%2C+M+W%3BSapers%2C+G+M%3BFratamico%2C+P%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drosophila; Escherichia coli; Malus domestica; Tephritidae; Cider; Disease transmission; Fruits; Vectors; Juices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overcoming humidity dependence of the chromium trioxide converter used in luminol-based nitric oxide detection AN - 17197063; 4480017 AB - The surface-atmosphere exchange of gaseous NO sub(x) (NO + NO sub(2)) is commonly measured by chamber methods that employ a portable luminol-based NO sub(2) detector. Detection of NO depends on its prior oxidation to NO sub(2) by CrO sub(3) with efficiency that depends on sample relative humidity. We found that inadequate drying of wet chamber air samples, and consequent changes in NO oxidation efficiency, often contributes to observed apparent shifts in the response of commercially available detectors in the field. Our instrument's performance was improved when the water vapor gradient across its membrane dryer was enhanced by replacing the restrictor on the air inlet of the dryer's shell with a desiccant column, and then increasing ambient air flow through the shell to approximately equal the sample air flow rate. We also demonstrated that pumice is the preferred CrO sub(3) support material for luminol-based detection of NO in chamber air samples; advantages include low cost, superior physical properties, and the simplicity of fabricating a CrO sub(3)/pumice converter by the user. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Hutchinson, G L AU - Yang, W X AU - Andre, CE AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, COL 80522 USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 141 EP - 145 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - chromium trioxide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air sampling KW - Humidity KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Atmosphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17197063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Overcoming+humidity+dependence+of+the+chromium+trioxide+converter+used+in+luminol-based+nitric+oxide+detection&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+G+L%3BYang%2C+W+X%3BAndre%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmosphere; Nitrogen oxides; Nitric oxide; Humidity; Air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgene vectors go retro AN - 17191035; 4488112 AB - Ironically, the latest technique for producing transgenic cattle is based on a retroviral vector strategy reminiscent of that employed two decades ago to produce the first genetically engineered animals. In a recent issue of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Anthony Chan, working with Robert Bremel and others, report a clever twist on an existing retroviral approach for introducing foreign genes into mammalian genomes. By transfecting unfertilized bovine oocytes with a retroviral vector, they efficiently produced animals containing transgenes in all their cells. More importantly, the resultant dramatic increase in transgenesis rate could have far-reaching implications for the production of transgenic livestock. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Wells, K AU - Moore, K AU - Wall, R AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA, bobwall@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 25 EP - 26 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - cattle KW - livestock KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transgenic animals KW - Expression vectors KW - Genetic engineering KW - Reviews KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17191035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Transgene+vectors+go+retro&rft.au=Wells%2C+K%3BMoore%2C+K%3BWall%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Genetic engineering; Expression vectors; Transgenic animals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age, Composition, and Stand Structure of Old-growth Oak Sites in the Florida High Pine Landscape: Implications for Ecosystem Management and Restoration AN - 17183138; 4478689 AB - We sampled tree age, species composition, and stand structure of four high pine sites composed of old-growth sand post oak (Q. margaretta Ashe), old-growth turkey oak (Quercus laevis Walt.), and young longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in north and central peninsular Florida. The oldest turkey oak sampled was 123 years old, and the oldest sand post oak was 230 years old. Turkey oak exhibited the greatest diameter variation in relation to age. The median number of rings found in rotten and/or hollow turkey oaks was 63 and the corresponding number for sand post oak was 105. Age reconstruction indicated that in 1900 minimum oak tree ( greater than or equal to 5 cm diameter at breast height) density ranged from 10 to 60 trees ha super(-1) among sites. This study demonstrates that sandhill oak trees historically were an integral component of at least some phases of the high pine ecosystem. These data support the hypothesis that spatial patchiness and variability in fire frequency, season, and intensity historically permitted oaks to reach and maintain tree size in varying densities over time and across the high pine landscape. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Simons, R W AD - USDA Forest Service, Bent Creek Research and Demonstration Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA, kgreenberg/srs_bentcreek@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 30 EP - 40 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Longleaf pine KW - Turkey oak KW - USA, Florida KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus laevis KW - Age composition KW - Old growth KW - Quercus margaretta KW - Community structure KW - Pinus palustris KW - Forests KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17183138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Age%2C+Composition%2C+and+Stand+Structure+of+Old-growth+Oak+Sites+in+the+Florida+High+Pine+Landscape%3A+Implications+for+Ecosystem+Management+and+Restoration&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BSimons%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; Quercus laevis; Quercus margaretta; Old growth; Age composition; Forests; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat Relationships of Five Northern Bird Species Breeding in Hemlock Ravines in Ohio, USA AN - 17182556; 4478687 AB - I examined habitat use by black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), Canada warbler (Wilsonia canadensis), hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus), magnolia warbler (Dendroica magnolia), and solitary vireo (Vireo solitarius) in a hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) ravine system in Ohio. Systematic and territory-specific vegetation analysis coupled with raster grid GIS were used to compare territory habitats with available habitat, and to compare species habitat differences. The five species showed a preference for hemlock-dominated sites in association with elevation. Canada warbler showed a preference for an open canopy and low hemlock density, whereas the other species preferred high hemlock relative density. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Mitchell, J M AD - USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Major Land Resource Area Office, 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1600 Portland, OR 97204-3221, USA, joni.mitchell@or.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 3 EP - 11 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Black-throated green warbler KW - Canada warbler KW - Hermit thrush KW - Magnolia warbler KW - Solitary vireo KW - USA, Ohio KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vireo solitarius KW - Catharus guttatus KW - Wilsonia canadensis KW - Dendroica magnolia KW - Habitat preferences KW - Dendroica virens KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17182556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Habitat+Relationships+of+Five+Northern+Bird+Species+Breeding+in+Hemlock+Ravines+in+Ohio%2C+USA&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catharus guttatus; Dendroica magnolia; Dendroica virens; Vireo solitarius; Wilsonia canadensis; Habitat preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal peptides: Novel therapeutic compounds against emerging pathogens AN - 17179373; 4470963 AB - The need for safe and effective antifungal agents increases in parallel with the expanding number of immunocompromised patients at risk for invasive fungal infections. The emergence of fungal pathogens resistant to current therapies further compounds the dearth of antifungal agents. Currently available antifungal compounds act on targets also found in mammalian cells, which may result in toxicity or an adverse drug interaction. It is therefore imperative to find antifungal compounds that are not toxic to mammalian cells. The past decade has witnessed a dramatic growth in knowledge of natural peptides. Peptides such as the cecropins were shown to be antimicrobial but not lethal for mammalian cells. Most data on antimicrobial peptides concern bacteria. This minireview presents a review of the current literature on antifungal peptides, including their in vitro and in vivo activities, mechanisms of action, and structure-function relationships, when known. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - De Lucca, AJ AU - Walsh, ThJ AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, adelucca@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Drug resistance KW - Toxicity KW - Cecropin KW - Reviews KW - Peptides KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17179373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Antifungal+peptides%3A+Novel+therapeutic+compounds+against+emerging+pathogens&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+AJ%3BWalsh%2C+ThJ&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Drug resistance; Peptides; Antifungal agents; Cecropin; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of host-related volatiles attractive to pineapple beetle Carpophilus humeralis AN - 17174529; 4477312 AB - Volatiles collected from oranges fed upon by Carpophilus humeralis of either sex were consistently more attractive than volatiles from beetle-free oranges in wind-tunnel bioassays. Three compounds were identified as attractants from this system: 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (1), 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine (2) (a new natural product), and 2-phenylethanol (3). Identifications were confirmed with synthetic compounds that had matching chromatographic and spectral properties. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 had only slight activity alone, but were highly synergistic with each other and with propyl acetate (PA), a fruity ester that is mildly attractive to Carpophilus beetles. Compound 2 was the most active in the wind tunnel; its threshold dose was 0.5 ng when PA was present. The structural specificity for these compounds was high. Twelve phenol analogs of 1 were tested, but only one of these, 2-methoxyphenol, was more attractive than the control. Similarly, the analogs of 2, 2-isopropylpyrazine and 2,6-diisopropylpyrazine, were completely inactive. In the field, a combination of 1, 2, and 3 was not attractive by itself, but it strongly synergized attraction to fermentation volatiles, Carpophilus pheromones, or both. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 apparently have a microbial origin because all three were detected when the host fruit was pineapples instead of oranges, because they could occur in the absence of beetles, and because autoclaved pineapple began to produce the compounds after inoculation from an attractive piece of fruit. The study demonstrated that host location for this generalist species can be far more complex than responding simply to the bouquet of low-molecular-weight volatiles normally associated with fermentation. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Zilkowski, B W AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Blumberg, D AU - James, D G AU - Weaver, D K AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research Unit, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 229 EP - 252 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2,5-Diisopropylpyrazine KW - 2-Phenylethanol KW - 4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol KW - Coleoptera KW - Sap beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Carpophilus humeralis KW - Attractants KW - Volatiles KW - Host location KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17174529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+host-related+volatiles+attractive+to+pineapple+beetle+Carpophilus+humeralis&rft.au=Zilkowski%2C+B+W%3BBartelt%2C+R+J%3BBlumberg%2C+D%3BJames%2C+D+G%3BWeaver%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Zilkowski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus humeralis; Nitidulidae; Volatiles; Attractants; Host location ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions in Entomology: Enhanced Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Viruses by Fluorescent Brighteners AN - 17172007; 4477014 AB - Fluorescent brighteners or optical brighteners, chemicals that absorb energy from ultraviolet light (UV) and emit it as visible light, have been studied as UV protectants for entomopathogens to extend their effectiveness in the field as biocontrol agents. Some stilbene fluorescent brighteners have been demonstrated both to provide some protection from UV degradation and to enhance infectivity independently of the UV protection for several entomopathogenic viruses. Although the mode of action of this enhanced infectivity is not fully understood, enhanced infectivity of 10 nucleopolyhedroviruses and a granulovirus (Baculoviridae), a cypovirus (Reoviridae), an iridovirus (Iridoviridae), and an entomopoxvirus (Poxviridae) has been demonstrated. The enhanced infectivity produced by the fluorescent brighteners generally resulted in earlier mortality and in some cases extended infectivity of the virus to older instars. In a few cases the host range was extended, i.e., viruses which were not infective for a particular species under normal conditions were infective with the addition of a fluorescent brightener. Thus, if proper formulations can be made, the fluorescent brighteners have the potential to increase the effectiveness of certain entomopathogenic viruses for biocontrol of certain lepidopterous pests of forest and agricultural crops. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Hamm, J J AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748 USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 8 EP - 16 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Butterflies KW - Insecta KW - Moths KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - entomopoxvirus KW - Granulovirus KW - Lepidoptera KW - U.V. radiation KW - Pathogenicity KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Cypovirus KW - Iridovirus KW - Light effects KW - Entomopoxvirus KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17172007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Interactions+in+Entomology%3A+Enhanced+Infectivity+of+Entomopathogenic+Viruses+by+Fluorescent+Brighteners&rft.au=Hamm%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Hamm&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cypovirus; Entomopoxvirus; Granulovirus; Iridovirus; Lepidoptera; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; entomopoxvirus; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Light effects; U.V. radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Evaluation of an Improved Formulation of Gypchek (a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Product) Against the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) AN - 17169185; 4477019 AB - Prior to 1994, Gypchek registered (USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC), the gypsy moth nuclear multicapsid polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV), was used in operational programs against gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) dispersed in a standard molasses-lignosulfonate tank mix and applied twice at the rate of 5 x 10 super(11) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per ha per application in a volume of 19 liters per ha. In 1995, we evaluated a commercially-produced carrier and operational options that would make Gypchek application more efficient and less costly without reducing efficacy. Specifically, the standard tank mix formulation and application procedure was compared against a premixed commercial carrier, Carrier 038 (Novo Nordisk, Franklinton, NC) applied by three different application options. Option 1 consisted of double applications of Gypchek at the rate of 5 x 10 super(11) PIB per ha per application in volumes of 9.5 liters per ha. Option 2 was identical to Option 1 except that application volume was reduced to 4.8 liters per ha. Option 3 consisted of a single application of Gypchek dispersed in 9.5 liters per ha at the rate of 1 x 10 super(12) PIB per ha. There was also a fifth treatment consisting of unsprayed control plots. All treatments were evaluated in replicated 4-ha forest plots in southwestern Virginia. Levels of LdNPV-induced mortality, of larvae collected live 6 to 11 days after treatment, among treatments receiving a double application were not significantly different at alpha = 0.05 from such mortality resulting from the single application of Gypchek in Carrier 038. However, both of the double-application treatment options (but not the single application option) of Gypchek dispersed in Carrier 038 had significantly higher levels ( alpha = 0.05) of LdMNPV than the double-application treatment of Gypchek dispersed in the standard tank mix. Defoliation was significantly different among the four Gypchek treatments, but all were significantly lower than the controls. These results indicated that all three options using Carrier 038 provided a level of efficacy equal to or better than the standard tank mix formulation applied twice at 19 liters/ha. Economic assessment indicated that the single application option was more efficient and/or less expensive than the other options. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Webb, R E AU - Thorpe, K W AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Reardon, R C AU - White, G B AU - Talley, SE AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 72 EP - 83 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Pathogens KW - Lymantriidae KW - Pathogenicity KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17169185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Field+Evaluation+of+an+Improved+Formulation+of+Gypchek+%28a+Nuclear+Polyhedrosis+Virus+Product%29+Against+the+Gypsy+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29&rft.au=Webb%2C+R+E%3BThorpe%2C+K+W%3BPodgwaite%2C+J+D%3BReardon%2C+R+C%3BWhite%2C+G+B%3BTalley%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Biological control; Pathogens; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of annual nitrous oxide emissions from a transitional grassland-forest region in Saskatchewan, Canada AN - 16134153; 5380262 AB - The increasing atmospheric N2O concentration and the imbalance in its global budget have triggered the interest in quantifying N2O fluxes from various ecosystems. This study was conducted to estimate the annual N2O emissions from a transitional grassland-forest region in Saskatchewan, Canada. The study region was stratified according to soil texture and land use types, and we selected seven landscapes (sites) to cover the range of soil texture and land use characteristics in the region. The study sites were, in turn, stratified into distinguishable spatial sampling units (i.e., footslope and shoulder complexes), which reflected the differences in soils and soil moisture regimes within a landscape. N2O emission was measured using a sealed chamber method. Our results showed that water-filled pore space (WFPS) was the variable most correlated to N2O fluxes. With this finding, we estimated the total N2O emissions by using regression equations that relate WFPS to N2O emission, and linking these regression equations with a soil moisture model for predicting WFPS. The average annual fluxes from fertilized cropland, pasture/hay land, and forest areas were 2.00, 0.04, and 0.02 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The average annual fluxes for the medium- to fine-textured and sandy-textured areas were 1.40 and 0.04 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The weighted-average annual flux for the study region is 0.95 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1. The fertilized cropped areas covered only 47% of the regional area but contributed about 98% of the regional flux. We found that in the clay loam, cropped site, 2% and 3% of the applied fertilizer were emitted as N2O on the shoulders and footslopes, respectively. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Cirre, MD AU - Pennock, D J AU - Van Kessel, C AU - Elliot, D K AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research, USDA-ARS, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 29 EP - 49 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - landscape KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Canada, Saskatchewan KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emission measurements KW - Forests KW - Soil moisture KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+annual+nitrous+oxide+emissions+from+a+transitional+grassland-forest+region+in+Saskatchewan%2C+Canada&rft.au=Cirre%2C+MD%3BPennock%2C+D+J%3BVan+Kessel%2C+C%3BElliot%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Cirre&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasslands; Nitrous oxide; Emission measurements; Forests; Soil moisture; Canada, Saskatchewan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fescue growth as affected by municipal compost fertilizer blends AN - 16133958; 4591078 AB - A growth chamber study with Sassafras soil (Typic Hapludults) was conducted to find combinations or blends of composts and fertilizers which would be equal to the inorganic N fertilizer requirement of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Soil was amended with four rates of compost to provide 0, 16.7, 33, or 50 percent of the total 300 kg N ha super(-1) applied. The remaining N, 100, 83.3, 67, or 50 percent was provided by NH sub(4)NO sub(3). Composts used were a biosolids compost(BC) or a compost made from both biosolids and refuse(MC). Shredded hardwood bark (B) and N fertilizer combinations were tested to determine the effect of the organic matter fraction in compost on fescue. All combinations were compared to 50 percent (N50) to 100 percent (N100) fertilizer (300 kg N ha super(-1) NH sub(4)NO sub(3)) application rates and to each other. Yield and N uptake from the N83 and N100 were equal. Fescue yields of blends were lower than N83 or N100. The 33 percent biosolids/refuse compost N:67 percent NH sub(4)NO sub(3) (MC67) combination had equal N uptake to N83 or N100. Because compost N is only partially mineralizable during the first year, the equality of compost:fertilizer treatments to fertilizer alone suggests that other ingredients than N are benefitting the fescue. Yield and N uptake from blends containing shredded bark were equal to the N fertilizer alone treatments indicating that there was no benefit to fescue from the bark (organic matter) addition in this study. The data suggest that some composts may substitute for a portion of the N requirement of crops. JF - Compost Science & Utilization AU - Sikora, L J AU - Enkiri, N AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1065-657X, 1065-657X KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Organic matter KW - Nutrients KW - Mineralization KW - Fertilizers KW - Growth KW - Municipal wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16133958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.atitle=Fescue+growth+as+affected+by+municipal+compost+fertilizer+blends&rft.au=Sikora%2C+L+J%3BEnkiri%2C+N&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Growth; Fertilizers; Organic matter; Nutrients; Municipal wastes; Mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bromide transport under sprinkler and flood irrigation for no-till soil condition AN - 13672724; S199954476 AB - An understanding of the influence of irrigation methods in solute transport was essential to the proper management of fertilizer application in irrigated agriculture. This study compared the transport of a conservative solute (bromide) under sprinkler and flood irrigation conditions in a sandy clay loam soil the surface of which was undisturbed. After spraying 148.8 kg of potassium bromide per ha on the surface, about 25 cm of irrigation water was applied in 6 increments over a 2-month period, as flood irrigation on one plot and as sprinkler irrigation on the other. The net applied water (irrigation plus precipitation minus evaporation) was similar for both plots, thus permitting a direct comparison of bromide profiles for the 2 treatments. Water content and bromide concentration measurements were determined at intervals up to 68 d after application. The recovered mass of bromide and the position of the centre of mass were similar for both types of irrigation although the spread around the centre of mass was higher for the flood-irrigated plot. To evaluate deep solute transport and potential preferential flows for the 2 types, the mass of bromide that leached below 90 cm was compared. The fraction of the total which penetrated below this level was always greater for the flood-irrigated plot event when a greater amount of net applied water was available on the other plot. After the 68 d interval the leachate under the flood irrigated plot was more than twice that under the sprinkler plot, a finding confirmed by the differences in soil moisture profiles for the 2 plots. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Nachabe, M H AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Butters, G AD - USDA-RS, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 8 EP - 17 VL - 214 IS - 1/4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Potassium bromide KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13672724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Bromide+transport+under+sprinkler+and+flood+irrigation+for+no-till+soil+condition&rft.au=Nachabe%2C+M+H%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BButters%2C+G&rft.aulast=Nachabe&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Static die-away of a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant in estuarine water samples AN - 13611282; 199903202 AB - Although it is accepted that the release of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) into marine or estuarine environments would result in primary and ultimate biodegradation there is little knowledge regarding the potential human and ecological risks of an industrial spill in the marine environment. The present study monitored the static-die of the NPE used in the formulation of the fuel Orimulsion. Four water samples collected from Tampa bay were incubated in the dark at 28C and monitored for 183 d. Primary degradation was complete in 4-24 d. Lag periods lasted from 0-12 d. Concentrations of intermediate products were monitored. Results confirmed rapid primary degradation of parent NPE and the sequential formation of nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) and nonylphenoxy ethoxy acetic acid (NP2EC) as degradation products. Further degradation of the NP2EC may be facilitated by microbial activity. There are 33 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Potter, T L AU - Simmons, K AU - Wu, J AU - Sanchez-Olvera, M AU - Kostecki, P AU - Calabrese AD - USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton, Ga. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 113 EP - 118 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Ethoxylates KW - Hazard KW - Npe KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13611282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Static+die-away+of+a+nonylphenol+ethoxylate+surfactant+in+estuarine+water+samples&rft.au=Potter%2C+T+L%3BSimmons%2C+K%3BWu%2C+J%3BSanchez-Olvera%2C+M%3BKostecki%2C+P%3BCalabrese&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water resources of the Texas gulf basin AN - 13608428; 199904054 AB - The integrated components of the U.S. Department of Agriculture model HUMUS (Hydrological Model of the U.S.) are described, consisting of the SWAT simulation model, a geographical information system (GIS) and a relational database system SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). This continuous time model, operating on a daily time step routing runoff and chemicals through a catchment, is outlined. Its major divisions of hydrology, weather, sedimentation, soil temperature, crop growth, nutrients, pesticides and agricultural management are explained together with the hydrological and erosion components. The interface with the GIS, the Graphical Resources Analysis Support System and the databases required for modelling are described. The model was applied to the Texas gulf river basin with input data layers of soils, land use and elevation obtained from several sources. Average monthly stream flows were simulated as were annual sediment yields computed from rating curves. In general, simulated and measured values were in good agreement although overestimation of stream flows occurred in some years. The limitations of the approach were being addressed, JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Arnold, J G AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Ramanarayanan, T S AU - DiLuzio, M AD - USDA-ARS, Temple, Tex. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 121 EP - 133 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13608428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Water+resources+of+the+Texas+gulf+basin&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BRamanarayanan%2C+T+S%3BDiLuzio%2C+M&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litter fall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species AN - 17099981; 4412478 AB - We studied the rates and patterns of carbon and nutrient fluxes in litter fall in ten tropical tree plantation species grown at the USDA Forest Service Arboretum in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. The stands were 26-years old and grew under similar climatic and edaphic conditions. Individual plantation species ranked differently in terms of their capacity to return mass and specific nutrients to the forest floor, and with respect to their efficiency of nutrient use. The species that returned the most mass did not return the most P, N, or cations. Moreover, species differed according to the amount of N and P resorption before leaf fall. These differences reflect the variation in the ecophysiological response of each species to edaphic and climatic conditions. The difference between average and minimum resorption values of the species studied indicate that other environmental factors, such as heavy winds or the physical effects of heavy rains, can force the shedding of non-senesced leaves. This higher quality material, although not very much in quantity, can provide a small pulse of available nutrients to the forest floor community. The same holds true for other high nutrient/low mass fractions of litter fall such as reproductive parts and miscellaneous materials.In areas with no prevalent or strongly seasonal water limitations, temporal variations of leaf litter on the forest floor are the combined result of the rate of fall and decomposition of the falling material, and the diverse responses of species to different environmental cues. Leaf fall was inversely correlated to reduced water availability in three of the species studied. Leaf fall of the other species was correlated either to daylight duration or minimum temperatures. The results highlight the importance of understanding species performance relative to nutrient and mass metabolism before selection for plantation use, or for rehabilitation of degraded lands. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cuevas, E AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Call Box 25000 Rio Piedras Puerto Rico Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 263 EP - 279 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 112 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+organic+matter+and+nutrient+return+from+litter+fall+in+stands+of+ten+tropical+tree+plantation+species&rft.au=Cuevas%2C+E%3BLugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Cuevas&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of antimicrobic use in veterinary medicine. AN - 69098208; 9861965 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Dargatz, D A AU - Wells, S J AU - Wineland, N E AU - Miller, M A AU - Tollefson, L AU - Petersen, K E AD - USDA Agriculture Research Service, Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30613, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 1739 EP - 1741 VL - 213 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- drug therapy KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69098208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Impact+of+antimicrobic+use+in+veterinary+medicine.&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BDargatz%2C+D+A%3BWells%2C+S+J%3BWineland%2C+N+E%3BMiller%2C+M+A%3BTollefson%2C+L%3BPetersen%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eastern cottonwood clonal mixing study: intergenotypic competition effects AN - 17099923; 4412456 AB - Intergenotypic competition of seven clones of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) was evaluated in a replacement series experiment. A partial diallel competition design was used to choose pairs (binary sets) of clones for plot type treatments. Two separate treatments were established for each pair of clones, namely (1) 75% clone A: 25% clone B and (2) 25% clone A: 75% clone B. Twenty-one treatments were established in the study: seven pure clone treatments and 14 mixed treatments (seven pairs of clones each at two ratios). Two study sites (Vicksburg, Mississippi and Wickliffe, Kentucky) were used. Results are presented for stand ages two, three, and four years which corresponds to the lower to mid-length rotation for the species for a short rotation woody crop (either biomass for energy or fiber for pulp and paper). Average plot height at an age of 4 years was 13.23 m. Plot total yield was affected by intergenotypic competition. The type and level of response to mixing clones depended on the specific clones involved and the planting site. Usually, the most predictable opportunity for over- or underyielding when in binary mixture occurred for clones which differed substantially in pure plot growth and yield. The yield of mixtures of clones of more similar growth patterns sometimes differed significantly from that expected from an additive model, but this was less common. When significant differences did occur between pure clone yields and the yields of their binary mixtures, the plot yield was often a linear function of the proportion of the best clone. Overyielding of mixtures occurred, with additional yields of up to 27% of the mixture over the best clone's pure plot yield. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Foster, G S AU - Rousseau, R J AU - Nance, W L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 2680, Asheville North Carolina 28802 USA Y1 - 1998/12/14/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 14 SP - 9 EP - 22 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 112 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Eastern+cottonwood+clonal+mixing+study%3A+intergenotypic+competition+effects&rft.au=Foster%2C+G+S%3BRousseau%2C+R+J%3BNance%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-12-14&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary calcium modulates Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in beige mice AN - 17127739; 4434946 AB - A 6-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary calcium (Ca) on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Beige mice, averaging 8 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) 0.02% Ca, 2) 0.15% Ca, 3) 0.45% Ca, and 4) 1.0% Ca. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10 super(8) CFU viable M. paratuberculosis for 1, 3, and 6 month periods. Plasma Ca levels was unaffected by dietary Ca (x = 7.3 mg/dl). Plasma levels of 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) was elevated significantly in 0.02% and 0.15% Ca groups compared to other treatments at the end of each period, with the highest levels observed for 0.02% Ca mice and intermediate values for 0.15% Ca mice. One month after infection, numbers of viable M. paratuberculosis cultured from the spleen were significantly reduced for 0.15% Ca mice, whereas the number of bacteria isolated from the liver and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were higher for the 0.02% Ca group. There were no differences in bacterial numbers in the ileum although they tended to be higher for the 0.02% Ca group. Three months after infection, bacterial numbers in the spleen, ileum, and MLN did not differ across treatments, however, significantly lower numbers were found in the liver of 1.0% Ca mice. Reduced bacterial counts were also observed in the liver of 0.15%, 0.45%, and 1.0% Ca mice after a 6-month infection period compared to the 0.02% Ca group, with the lowest numbers isolated from the 1.0% Ca mice. Numbers of viable bacteria cultured from the ileum and MLN after 6 months of infection were also significantly reduced in 1.0% Ca mice. These results suggest that Ca metabolism is an important modulator of M. paratuberculosis infection. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Stabel, J R AU - Goff, J P AU - Ackermann, M R AD - Zoonotic Diseases Research Unit and Metabolic Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, NADC, ARS, USDA, 2300 N. Dayton Rd Ames, IA 50010 USA Y1 - 1998/12/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 11 SP - 377 EP - 390 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 66 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - beige mice KW - calcium KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Age KW - Dietary intake KW - Lymph nodes KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17127739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Dietary+calcium+modulates+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+infection+in+beige+mice&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BGoff%2C+J+P%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-11&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Dietary intake; Age; Lymph nodes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overexpression of the FNR protein ofEscherichia coli with T7 expression system AN - 807278599; 13834564 AB - We have used the T7 expression system for expression ofE. coli FNR protein. Thefnr gene was cloned from its initiation codon ATG into theNdeI site of an expression vector and filamentous phage mGP1-2 was used as a donor of T7 RNA polymerase gene. The level of FNR expression attained by this expression arrangement was about 45% of total cell proteins. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Stuchlik, S AU - Tura, J AD - Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia, stuchlik@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 601 EP - 604 PB - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Videnska 1083 Prague 14220 Czech Republic VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Expression vectors KW - Phages KW - DNA-directed RNA polymerase KW - Codons KW - FNR protein KW - J 02430:Symbiosis, Antibiosis & Phages UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807278599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=Overexpression+of+the+FNR+protein+ofEscherichia+coli+with+T7+expression+system&rft.au=Stuchlik%2C+S%3BTura%2C+J&rft.aulast=Stuchlik&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02816375 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; Expression vectors; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Codons; FNR protein DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02816375 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromium research from a distance: from 1959 to 1980. AN - 70112840; 9853532 AB - More than 50 years of work have led to the recognition of trivalent chromium as an essential element. Shortly after its identification as an essential element in 1959, its interaction with insulin in vitro and in vivo was established, and the site of action identified as the insulin-sensitive cell membrane. Despite other early clinical successes with chromium supplementation, four major problems have influenced the rate of progress since then: 1) chromium analysis; 2) interaction of chromium with other dietary factors; 3) diagnosis of chromium status; and 4) other controversies, such as the carcinogenic potential of chromium (since disproved) and the lack of an effect on glucose tolerance even in chromium deficient organisms (now explained). These controversies have mostly dissipated as new knowledge integrated seemingly irreconcilable facts and opinions. It is now known that chromium may potentiate the action of insulin either by an effect on insulin dependent functions, or by maintaining these functions with less insulin, or by a combination of both. Despite much progress in the last 30 years, major challenges in chromium research remain, such as the development of practical methods for diagnosing chromium deficiency. Of several approaches for solving this problem, the most feasible might be to standardize the urinary chromium response following an insulinogenic challenge, such as an oral load of glucose or of glucose plus fructose (for maximal stimulation) with urine collection before and during the 2-hour test. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Mertz, W AD - Human Nutrition Center, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 544 EP - 547 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Nutritional Status KW - History, 20th Century KW - Research -- history KW - Humans KW - Chromium -- physiology KW - Chromium -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70112840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Chromium+research+from+a+distance%3A+from+1959+to+1980.&rft.au=Mertz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mertz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the fumonisin C and P series of mycotoxins from Fusarium spp. fungi. AN - 70085914; 9839687 AB - Fumonisin C (FC) and P (FP) are two recently identified series of sphingosine-analog mycotoxins, for which biological activities have not previously been reported. FC1, FC2 and OH-FC1 (1 microM) exhibited strong phytotoxicity comparable to the standard FB1 in duckweed (Lemna pausicotata L.) cultures, whereas FC3 and FC4 were moderately phytotoxic. Conversely, FP1 exhibited weak phytotoxicity only at higher concentrations (> or =10 microM). These mycotoxins exhibited a similar pattern of cytotoxicity with FB1-sensitive cultured mammalian cell lines, H4TG and MDCK. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Shier, W T AU - Seo, J A AU - Lee, Y W AU - Musser, S M AD - USDA/ARS/Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 2033 EP - 2037 VL - 36 IS - 12 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Sphingosine -- classification KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Sphingosine -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- classification KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity KW - Angiosperms -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70085914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+and+cytotoxicity+of+the+fumonisin+C+and+P+series+of+mycotoxins+from+Fusarium+spp.+fungi.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BSeo%2C+J+A%3BLee%2C+Y+W%3BMusser%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2033&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the critical amino acids of an Aspergillus parasiticus cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase encoded by ordA that is involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2. AN - 70085425; 9835571 AB - The conversion of O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) and dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin to aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2 requires a cytochrome P-450 type of oxidoreductase activity. ordA, a gene adjacent to the omtA gene, was identified in the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway gene cluster by chromosomal walking in Aspergillus parasiticus. The ordA gene was a homolog of the Aspergillus flavus ord1 gene, which is involved in the conversion of OMST to aflatoxin B1. Complementation of A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, an OMST-accumulating strain, with the ordA gene restored the ability to produce aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2. The ordA gene placed under the control of the GAL1 promoter converted exogenously supplied OMST to aflatoxin B1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast, the ordA gene homolog in A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, ordA1, was not able to carry out the same conversion in the yeast system. Sequence analysis revealed that the ordA1 gene had three point mutations which resulted in three amino acid changes (His-400-->Leu-400, Ala-143-->Ser-143, and Ile-528-->Tyr-528). Site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that the change of His-400 to Leu-400 resulted in a loss of the monooxygenase activity and that Ala-143 played a significant role in the catalytic conversion. In contrast, Ile-528 was not associated with the enzymatic activity. The involvement of the ordA gene in the synthesis of aflatoxins G1, and G2 in A. parasiticus suggests that enzymes required for the formation of aflatoxins G1 and G2 are not present in A. flavus. The results showed that in addition to the conserved heme-binding and redox reaction domains encoded by ordA, other seemingly domain-unrelated amino acid residues are critical for cytochrome P-450 catalytic activity. The ordA gene has been assigned to a new cytochrome P-450 gene family named CYP64 by The Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature Committee. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P K AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Cary, J W AU - Montalbano, B AU - Dyer, J M AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 4834 EP - 4841 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - aflatoxin G1 KW - 1DB78J7PUD KW - aflatoxin G2 KW - 2MS0D8WA29 KW - aflatoxin B2 KW - 7SKR7S646P KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- chemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70085425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+critical+amino+acids+of+an+Aspergillus+parasiticus+cytochrome+P-450+monooxygenase+encoded+by+ordA+that+is+involved+in+the+biosynthesis+of+aflatoxins+B1%2C+G1%2C+B2%2C+and+G2.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BEhrlich%2C+K+C%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BMontalbano%2C+B%3BDyer%2C+J+M%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF017151; GENBANK; AF054820 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Fungal Genet Biol. 1998 Feb;23(1):1-17 [9501474] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2101-6 [3140727] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] Pharmacol Rev. 1988 Dec;40(4):243-88 [3072575] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 May-Jun;18(3):429-33 [2730159] Gene. 1989 Apr 15;77(1):51-9 [2744487] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16222-8 [2777787] Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):8060-6 [2574990] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Jan 11;113(1):51-6 [5940632] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:945-93 [3304150] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1593-5 [3116928] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3904-8 [1692626] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):294-6 [2277647] Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:37-66 [2088174] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 5;267(1):83-90 [1730627] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Mol Gen Genet. 1994 Jun 3;243(5):506-14 [8208242] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2365-71 [7793957] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jul;61(7):2665-73 [7618880] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102 [7651333] Gene. 1995 Sep 22;163(1):121-5 [7557460] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Jan;62(1):191-5 [8572694] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1418-22 [8643646] J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 7;271(23):13600-8 [8662689] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Apr;63(4):1349-56 [9097431] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 May;63(5):1661-6 [9143099] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrastructural effects of AAL-toxin TA from the fungus Alternaria alternata on black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) leaf discs and correlation with biochemical measures of toxicity. AN - 70079019; 9839666 AB - Ultrastructural effects of AAL-toxin TA from Alternaria alternata on black nightshade (Solanum, nigrum L.) leaf discs and correlation with biochemical measures of toxicity. In black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) leaf discs floating in solutions of AAL-toxin TA (0.01-200 microM) under continuous light at 25 degrees C, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll loss, autolysis, and photobleaching were observed within 24 h. Electrolyte leakage, measured by the conductivity increase in the culture medium, began after 12 h with 200 microM AAL-toxin T(A), but was observed after 24 h with 0.01 to 50 microM AAL-toxin T(A), when it ranged from 25%) to 63% of total releasable electrolytes, respectively. After 48 h incubation, leakage ranged from 39% to 79% of total for 0.01 to 200 microM AAL-toxin T(A), respectively, while chlorophyll loss ranged from 5% to 32% of total, respectively. Ultrastructural examination of black night-shade leaf discs floating in 10 microM AAL-toxin TA under continuous light at 25 degrees C revealed cytological damage beginning at 30 h, consistent with the time electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll reduction were observed. After 30 h incubation chloroplast starch grains were enlarged in control leaf discs, but not in AAL-toxin T(A)-treated discs, and the thylakoids of treated tissue contained structural abnormalities. After 36-48 h incubation with 10 microM AAL-toxin T(A), all tissues were destroyed with only cell walls, starch grains, and thylakoid fragments remaining. Toxicity was light-dependent, because leaf discs incubated with AAL-toxin T(A) in darkness for up to 72 h showed little phytotoxic damage. Within 6 h of exposure to > or =0.5 microM toxin, phytosphingosine and sphinganine in black nightshade leaf discs increased markedly, and continued to increase up to 24 h exposure. Thus, phy siological and ultrastructural changes occurred in parallel with disruption of sphingolipid synthesis, consistent with the hypothesis that AAL-toxin T(A) causes phytotoxicity by interrupting sphingolipid biosynthesis, thereby damaging cellular membranes. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Paul, R N AU - Riley, R T AU - Tanaka, T AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1821 EP - 1832 VL - 36 IS - 12 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Electrolytes KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Fungi KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Light KW - Time Factors KW - Electrolytes -- metabolism KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- metabolism KW - Alternaria -- chemistry KW - Solanaceae -- ultrastructure KW - Solanaceae -- drug effects KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70079019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+effects+of+AAL-toxin+TA+from+the+fungus+Alternaria+alternata+on+black+nightshade+%28Solanum+nigrum+L.%29+leaf+discs+and+correlation+with+biochemical+measures+of+toxicity.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BPaul%2C+R+N%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BTanaka%2C+T%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total radioactive residues and clenbuterol residues in edible tissues, and the stereochemical composition of clenbuterol in livers of broilers after exposure to three levels of dietary [14C]clenbuterol HCl and three preslaughter withdrawal periods. AN - 69157239; 9928609 AB - Thirty-six broiler chickens were randomly assigned to .5, 1.0, or 2.0 ppm dietary [14C]clenbuterol HCl for a 2-wk period starting at 5 wk of age. Four birds from each treatment were slaughtered after withdrawal periods of 0, 7, or 14 d. Total radioactive residues (TRR; clenbuterol HCl equivalents) were measured in adipose tissue, kidney, liver, skin with adhering adipose tissue, bile, blood, brain, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lung, spleen, and testes; parent clenbuterol was measured in liver and kidney. In edible tissues, TRR were roughly proportional to dietary [14C]clenbuterol level and inversely proportional to duration of the withdrawal period; kidney TRR ranged from nondetectable (14 d of withdrawal, .5 and 1.0 ppm treatments) to 211.5 ppb for the 2.0 ppm treatment at zero withdrawal. Liver TRR were detectable for all treatment and withdrawal periods. Rapid depletion of TRR from edible tissues occurred during the first 7 d of the withdrawal period, but depletion of TRR was much slower thereafter. Parent clenbuterol was below the limit of detection (1 ppb) or was undetectable in liver and kidney for all dietary levels after 7 and 14 d of withdrawal, but it represented 22 to 48% of the total radioactive residues at 0 withdrawal. The inactive S (+) stereoisomer constituted approximately 73% of the total clenbuterol residue in livers of chickens slaughtered with no withdrawal period, and the active R (-) stereoisomer accounted for the remainder. These data indicate that radioactive residues of clenbuterol were present well after parent clenbuterol had depleted from edible tissues in chickens, and the predominant stereoisomer remaining in livers at slaughter was the inactive isomer. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 3043 EP - 3053 VL - 76 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Clenbuterol KW - XTZ6AXU7KN KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Adipose Tissue -- metabolism KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Clenbuterol -- chemistry KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- chemistry KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Clenbuterol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chickens -- metabolism KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69157239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Total+radioactive+residues+and+clenbuterol+residues+in+edible+tissues%2C+and+the+stereochemical+composition+of+clenbuterol+in+livers+of+broilers+after+exposure+to+three+levels+of+dietary+%5B14C%5Dclenbuterol+HCl+and+three+preslaughter+withdrawal+periods.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term bacterial profile of refrigerated ground beef made from carcass tissue, experimentally contaminated with pathogens and spoilage bacteria after hot water, alkaline, or organic acid washes. AN - 69116906; 9874338 AB - The effects of 2% (vol/vol) lactic acid (LA), 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid (AA), 12% (wt/vol) trisodium phosphate (TSP), 72 degrees C water (HW), and 32 degrees C water (W) washes on bacterial populations which were introduced onto beef carcass surfaces after wash treatments were determined up to 21 days of storage at 4 degrees C of packaged ground beef prepared from the treated and inoculated carcasses. Beef carcass necks were collected from cattle immediately after harvest and subjected to the above treatments or left untreated (control). Neck meat was then inoculated with low levels (ca. <2 log10) of Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sporogenes contained in a bovine fecal cocktail. In general, growth of these four bacteria, aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and pseudomonads was suppressed or not observed in the ground beef when LA, AA, or TSP treatments were used as compared to the untreated control. HW or W washes offered little suppression of growth of pathogens during subsequent storage of ground beef when these bacteria were introduced onto beef tissue posttreatment. Of the treatments used, a final LA or AA wash during the processing of beef carcasses offers the best residual efficacy for suppression of pathogen proliferation in ground beef during long-term refrigerated storage or short-term abusive temperature storage if these bacteria contaminate the carcass immediately after carcass processing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1615 EP - 1622 VL - 61 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Phosphates KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Lactic Acid KW - 33X04XA5AT KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - sodium phosphate KW - SE337SVY37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Decontamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology KW - Abattoirs KW - Food Handling KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69116906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Long-term+bacterial+profile+of+refrigerated+ground+beef+made+from+carcass+tissue%2C+experimentally+contaminated+with+pathogens+and+spoilage+bacteria+after+hot+water%2C+alkaline%2C+or+organic+acid+washes.&rft.au=Dorsa%2C+W+J%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Dorsa&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thiamin, riboflavin, and alpha-tocopherol content of exotic meats and loss due to gamma radiation. AN - 69115221; 9874349 AB - Changes in thiamin, riboflavin, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations due to gamma irradiation were followed in alligator, caiman, bison, and ostrich (exotic) meats. The proximate composition showed that the exotic meats generally had lower fat content than domestic animal meats and that the thiamin content of the reptiles was lower. The changes in the vitamins due to irradiation were similar to those previously observed for domestic species. The results indicate that the loss of vitamins in these species is negligible insofar as the American diet is concerned, and that the concept of "chemiclearance" is applicable to exotic meats. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Lakritz, L AU - Fox, J B AU - Thayer, D W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1681 EP - 1683 VL - 61 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Riboflavin KW - TLM2976OFR KW - Thiamine KW - X66NSO3N35 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Analysis KW - Animals, Wild KW - Thiamine -- analysis KW - Gamma Rays KW - Meat -- radiation effects KW - Vitamin E -- analysis KW - Food Irradiation KW - Riboflavin -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69115221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Thiamin%2C+riboflavin%2C+and+alpha-tocopherol+content+of+exotic+meats+and+loss+due+to+gamma+radiation.&rft.au=Lakritz%2C+L%3BFox%2C+J+B%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Lakritz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative evaluation of pork adulteration in raw ground beef by radial immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 69114667; 9874351 AB - Quantitative estimates are important to establish whether pork adulteration in ground beef is accidental or intentional. A standard agar gel radial immunodiffusion (RID) test using forensic-grade antiserum to porcine albumin and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using forensic-grade anti-porcine glycoprotein immunoglobulin were used to determine from 1 to 75% raw pork in raw ground beef. The RID test, which incorporated 1.5% anti-pork serum in 1% immunodiffusion agar, formed precipitin rings with pork albumin in agar wells. A linear standard curve was obtained by plotting the diffusion area against standard pork concentrations ranging from 0 to 80%. For the ELISA the endpoint optical density increased linearly versus log % pork between 0.0625% and 2% pork. In spiked samples, the RID test had a detection limit of 3 to 5%, a coefficient of variation (CV) of 22%, and a recovery of 105%. The ELISA had a detection limit of 1%, a CV of 18%, and a recovery of 114%. The mean recovery from the spiked samples by the ELISA and RID test was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the known sample amounts. Quantitation by RID of 28 ground beef samples (27 of which were DTEK ELISA-positive for pork adulteration) revealed a wide range of pork content, with values as high as 48%. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Martin, D R AU - Chan, J AU - Chiu, J Y AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Western Laboratory, Alameda, California 94501-3874, USA. wlab@worldnet.att.net Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1686 EP - 1690 VL - 61 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Immunodiffusion KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Contamination KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69114667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Quantitative+evaluation+of+pork+adulteration+in+raw+ground+beef+by+radial+immunodiffusion+and+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Martin%2C+D+R%3BChan%2C+J%3BChiu%2C+J+Y&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of passive microwave observations of surface soil moisture AN - 52525007; 1999-006104 AB - In large scale field experiments over the past 10 years, long wavelength microwave radiometers were used to map surface soil moisture with considerable success. These experiments, which include FIFE (87 & 89), Monsoon '90, Washita 92 and 94, and HAPEX-Sahel, covered a wide range of climatic regimes. The results from these experiments show that the microwave emission at the 21cm wavelength is a strong function of surface (0-5cm) soil moisture and thus can be used to map spatial and temporal variations of the moisture content of this soil layer. The salient results from these experiments will be presented and compared. The use of the surface soil moisture data to determine geophysical parameters such as evaporative fraction, soil evaporation and soil hydraulic properties will be discussed and results presented. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Schmugge, Thomas AU - Hutjes, R W A AU - Kabat, P AU - Bass, B AU - Field, C AU - Running, S W AU - Shuttleworth, W J Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 188 EP - 197 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 212-213 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - soils KW - passive methods KW - hydrology KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - rainfall KW - moisture KW - rivers and streams KW - geophysical methods KW - correlation KW - vegetation KW - Niger River KW - microwave methods KW - West Africa KW - Oklahoma KW - monsoons KW - drainage basins KW - Africa KW - applications KW - climate KW - Sahel KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52525007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Applications+of+passive+microwave+observations+of+surface+soil+moisture&rft.au=Schmugge%2C+Thomas%3BHutjes%2C+R+W+A%3BKabat%2C+P%3BBass%2C+B%3BField%2C+C%3BRunning%2C+S+W%3BShuttleworth%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Schmugge&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=212-213&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; applications; climate; correlation; drainage basins; geophysical methods; hydrology; microwave methods; moisture; monitoring; monsoons; Niger River; Oklahoma; passive methods; programs; rainfall; rivers and streams; Sahel; soils; United States; vegetation; West Africa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of carbon and water fluxes from the NOPEX boreal forest; comparison of measurements with FOREST-BGC simulations AN - 52524180; 1999-006096 AB - The ecosystem process model, FOREST-BGC, was applied on a stand in the NOPEX region in central Sweden. It was compared with measured data of net ecosystem carbon flux (F (sub n) ) and transpiration (E (sub Q) ) on a daily basis. Using the parameterized model, yearly budgets of carbon and water were constructed. F (sub n) was obtained from eddy correlation measurements on a tower at heights of 35 and 100m. E (sub Q) was obtained from sap flow measurements using a heat balance method. The model predictions were generally good, considering the relatively low requirements for input parameters. The explained variability of E (sub Q) was high (95%), particularly relative to the presence of large water deficit conditions on the site. The explained variability of F (sub n) was lower: it was 50% and 66% when compared to the measurements at 35 and 100m, respectively. These results reflect the large spatial variability of F (sub n) and the quantitative differences of measured F (sub n) at the two heights over a patchy forest consisting of small stands of different age, density and pine/spruce composition (the validation was made prior to a detailed footprint analysis). The model performed differently for various periods during a year, which demonstrates the value of long-term measurements for model validations. The simulated yearly net carbon ecosystem uptake for the 50-year-old stand with a high leaf area index was 1.99tha (super -1) , with a range of 0.55-2.04tha (super -1) for leaf area index of 3-6 observed at the NOPEX site. The model analysis of controls for mass fluxes showed that soil water shortage was the main limiting factor on the NOPEX site in the year studied. The comparative model run for the northern BOREAS site in central Canada indicated that a high atmospheric drought and plant resistance to water flow frequently limited fluxes there. A more maritime climate of NOPEX site permits a larger gross production; however, larger respiration and decomposition rates reduce the quantitative differences of net ecosystem carbon uptake relative to the BOREAS site with a continental climate. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Cienciala, E AU - Running, S W AU - Lindroth, A AU - Grelle, A AU - Ryan, M G AU - Hutjes, R W A AU - Kabat, P AU - Bass, B AU - Field, C AU - Shuttleworth, W J Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 62 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 212-213 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - photosynthesis KW - terrestrial environment KW - heat flux KW - Western Europe KW - photochemistry KW - Europe KW - ecosystems KW - water balance KW - leaves KW - simulation KW - evapotranspiration KW - measurement KW - geochemical cycle KW - boreal environment KW - models KW - Scandinavia KW - carbon KW - carbon cycle KW - climate KW - Sweden KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52524180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+carbon+and+water+fluxes+from+the+NOPEX+boreal+forest%3B+comparison+of+measurements+with+FOREST-BGC+simulations&rft.au=Cienciala%2C+E%3BRunning%2C+S+W%3BLindroth%2C+A%3BGrelle%2C+A%3BRyan%2C+M+G%3BHutjes%2C+R+W+A%3BKabat%2C+P%3BBass%2C+B%3BField%2C+C%3BShuttleworth%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Cienciala&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=212-213&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boreal environment; carbon; carbon cycle; climate; ecosystems; Europe; evapotranspiration; forests; geochemical cycle; heat flux; hydrology; leaves; measurement; models; photochemistry; photosynthesis; Scandinavia; simulation; soils; Sweden; terrestrial environment; water balance; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean lipoxygenase is active on nonaqueous media at low moisture: a constraint to xerophilic fungi and aflatoxins? AN - 21360515; 12034044 AB - Previous workers have reported that certain products of the lipoxygenase pathway are detrimental either to the development and growth of Aspergillus species or to aflatoxin production by these organisms. Since Aspergillus often thrives on 'dry' stored grains, depending on the level of the relative humidity, we sought to determine if lipoxygenase could catalyze the oxidation of linoleic acid on these 'dry' substrates equilibrated at various relative humidities. A desiccated model system, previously adjusted to pH 7.5, was composed of soybean extract, linoleic acid, and cellulose carrier. The model system was incubated for up to 24 h at four relative humidities ranging between 52 and 95% to determine the extent of oxidation catalyzed by lipoxygenase, compared with heat-inactivated controls. Oxidation in the active samples was much greater than in the controls at all relative humidities, and oxidation was principally enzymatic as demonstrated by chiral analysis of the linoleate hydroperoxides formed. The main product was 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid, accompanied by a significant percentage of 9S-hydroperoxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid. Since the products became more racemic with time of incubation, autoxidation appeared to be initiated by the lipoxygenase reaction in dry media. Additionally, the biological relevance of lipoxygenase activity was tested under these xerophilic conditions. Thus, enzyme-active and heat-inactivated defatted soy flour amended either with or without 3.5% by weight linoleic acid was inoculated with fungal spores and incubated at 95% relative humidity. Although fungal growth occurred on all treatments, samples inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus showed significantly less aflatoxin in the enzyme-active samples, compared to inactivated flour. Addition of linoleic acid had little effect, possibly because the defatted soy flour was found to contain 1.7% residual linoleic acid as glyceride lipid. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Gardner, Harold W AU - Grove, Marilyn J AU - Keller, Nancy P AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Bioactive Agents Research, 61604 Peoria, Illlinois, gardnehw@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1801 EP - 1808 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 75 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Relative humidity KW - Lipids KW - Cellulose KW - Aflatoxins KW - Lipoxygenase KW - Soybeans KW - Oil KW - Workers KW - Xerophilic fungi KW - Oxidation KW - Grain KW - Spores KW - pH effects KW - Flour KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Linoleic acid KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21360515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Soybean+lipoxygenase+is+active+on+nonaqueous+media+at+low+moisture%3A+a+constraint+to+xerophilic+fungi+and+aflatoxins%3F&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Harold+W%3BGrove%2C+Marilyn+J%3BKeller%2C+Nancy+P&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-998-0334-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Lipids; Cellulose; Aflatoxins; Lipoxygenase; Soybeans; Oil; Workers; Oxidation; Xerophilic fungi; Grain; Spores; pH effects; Flour; Linoleic acid; Aspergillus parasiticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0334-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration of Western Sandpipers: Links between their Alaskan stopover areas and breeding grounds AN - 17485636; 4682117 AB - Thirty-two radiomarked Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri), tagged in California and Washington, were relocated at stopover and breeding sites north and west of the Copper River Delta, Alaska. At Cook Inlet, Alaska, seven of the nine relocated birds were at Redoubt and Kachemak bays. Only 1 of the 17 birds relocated on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta had been previously detected at Cook Inlet. Detections of birds in western Alaska provide evidence that the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta is the final breeding destination for many of the birds migrating through San Francisco and other Pacific Coast areas. The Mulchatna River area, 325 km southeast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, may support a breeding population of Western Sandpipers. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Bishop, MA AU - Warnock, N AD - Copper River Delta Institute, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 1460, Cordova, AK 99574, USA, mbishop@eagle.ptialaska.net Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 457 EP - 462 VL - 110 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - USA, Alaska KW - Western sandpiper KW - breeding sites KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Calidris mauris KW - Migrations KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Calidris mauri KW - Migration KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17485636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Migration+of+Western+Sandpipers%3A+Links+between+their+Alaskan+stopover+areas+and+breeding+grounds&rft.au=Bishop%2C+MA%3BWarnock%2C+N&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Migrations; Migration; Calidris mauris; Calidris mauri; INE, USA, Alaska ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional Forest Resource Assessment in an Ecological Framework: The Southern United States AN - 17471714; 4678030 AB - Information about forest resources grouped by ecologically homogeneous area can be used to discern relationships between those resources and ecological processes. I used forest resource data from 0.4-ha plots, and data on population and land area (by county), together with a global-to-local hierarchical framework of land areas with similar ecological potential to assess extant forest resources in the southern United States. Because each data source differed in resolution and types of information, I referenced all to a common county land unit. I also characterized and tested the importance of other resource indicators by ecological province. Data were largely from U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys for the southern United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, east Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, east Texas, and Virginia). Findings described differences by province in the proportion of forest types, public land, private land, protected forests, forest plantations, disturbances, and human uses. Analysis of resource value indicators showed significant differences among provinces in livestock grazing, selected recreation, wildlife habitat, timber resources, and vulnerability to urban and agricultural influences. Ecological perspectives suggested a need to tailor forest resource analysis, planning, and incentive programs and focused attention on selected disturbances and complementary and competing uses. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Rudis, V A AD - USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit P.O. Box 928 Starkville, MS 39760-0928 USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 319 EP - 332 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource evaluation KW - Forests KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17471714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Regional+Forest+Resource+Assessment+in+an+Ecological+Framework%3A+The+Southern+United+States&rft.au=Rudis%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Rudis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests; Resource evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Demography of Clemmys marmorata Populations in the Trinity River of California in the Context of Dam-induced Alterations AN - 17434691; 4651351 AB - Western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) populations were examined on two forks of the Trinity River in northern California, one of which is subject to the impacts of damming and one of which is free-flowing. Mark-recapture was conducted over a three-year period for each population, and the Jolly-Seber model was used to estimate population size. Size/age structures were compared with reference to potential impacts of damming on this species. The density of populations (turtles/ha) on the dammed fork (mainstem Trinity) did not differ significantly from that on the undammed fork (south fork Trinity). However, both populations were much sparser than western pond turtle populations elsewhere. Higher-order streams, in general, do not appear to support high densities of western pond turtles, possibly because of the sparse distribution of resources. The mainstem population had an age structure dominated by adults relative to a population with a known stable age distribution, suggesting that damming of the mainstem Trinity may have negatively impacted juvenile turtles. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Reese, DA AU - Welsh, HH Jr AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, California 95521, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 505 EP - 515 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Clemmys marmorata KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Trinity R. KW - Western pond turtle KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Rivers KW - Age composition KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Environmental impact KW - Habitat changes KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Demography KW - Dams KW - Population status KW - Population structure KW - Population number KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08321:General KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=Comparative+Demography+of+Clemmys+marmorata+Populations+in+the+Trinity+River+of+California+in+the+Context+of+Dam-induced+Alterations&rft.au=Reese%2C+DA%3BWelsh%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Age composition; Dams; Aquatic reptiles; Man-induced effects; Population structure; Population dynamics; Population number; Demography; Population status; Habitat changes; Environmental impact; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon and nitrogen mineralization of added particulate and macroorganic matter AN - 17376634; 4591659 AB - Particulate organic matter (POM) is more sensitive than total SOM to changes in management practices and, accordingly, may indicate changes in soil quality. A soil incubation study was conducted to determine the effects of added POM (975 to 250 mu m size fraction), or macroorganic matter (MOM, 250 to 2000 mu m size fraction) on C and N mineralization and microbial C and N content. A 1 kg composite made from 16 predominantly silt loan soils was amended with 10 g of POM, MOM or MOM ground to a reduced size of 75 to 250 mu m (GMOM). The MOM amendment equaled 4.55-fold and POM equaled 1.60-fold of total MOM and POM found in the composite soil. Carbon mineralization of MOM and POM after 8 weeks was approximately 9 and 4%, respectively of the total MOM and POM-C added. Reducing the size of MOM to 75 to 250 mu m did not affect mineralization. Nitrogen mineralization was slightly greater in the amended soils after 8 weeks and equaled 5 to 6% of the MOM or POM-total N added. Contribution of POM to total mineralized N from soil organic matter (SOM) in the composite soil was proportional to the POM content in SOM or approximately 12%. Amended soils had 25 to 42% more biomass-C than the control soil 2 weeks after amendment application. After 8 weeks, the amended soils contained about 32% more biomass-C. This increase in biomass-C at 8 weeks accounted for approximately 2% of the added C. At 8 weeks, microbial biomass-N in GMOM-, MOM- and POM-amended soils was about 56, 46 and 14% higher, respectively, than in the control soil. These increases were approximately 8% of the MOM-N added and 2% of the POM-N added. Increases in POM resulted in increases in soil respiration and microbial biomass-C and N, which also are suggested indicators of soil quality. Therefore, POM may be a suitable soil quality indicator that provides similar information as soil respiration or microbial biomass determinations. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Yakovchenko, V P AU - Sikora, L J AU - Millner, P S AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre, 10300 Beltsville Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Lsikora@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2139 EP - 2146 VL - 30 IS - 14 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - carbon KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Particulate organic matter KW - Organic matter KW - Mineralization KW - Soil amendment KW - Soil microorganisms KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Carbon+and+nitrogen+mineralization+of+added+particulate+and+macroorganic+matter&rft.au=Yakovchenko%2C+V+P%3BSikora%2C+L+J%3BMillner%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Yakovchenko&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2898%2900096-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil amendment; Organic matter; Particulate organic matter; Mineralization; Soil microorganisms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00096-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrological components of a young loblolly pine plantation on a sandy soil with estimates of water use and loss AN - 17272896; 4593295 AB - Fertilizer and irrigation treatments were applied in a 7- to 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a sandy soil near Laurinburg, North Carolina. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, and soil water content were measured throughout the study period. Monthly interception losses ranged from 4 to 15% of rainfall. Stemflow ranged from 0.2 to 6.5% of rainfall. Rainfall, leaf area index (LAI), basal area (13A), and the interactions of rainfall with LAI or BA influenced prediction models of throughfall, but not stemflow, on a stand level. We found significant differences due to the effects of treatments in the soil water of the top 0.5- and 1-m soil layers by the beginning of the second growing season and throughout the remainder of the study period. Average daily water use and loss from a 1-m soil layer reflected the low water-holding capacity of the sand. Soil water in a 1-m layer was rapidly depleted to within 10% of available water during periods of little or no rainfall. Irrigation did not significantly affect productivity and created a greater potential for loss of water to drainage below 1 m. On the basis of Zahner's [1966] method of soil water depletion in a sandy soil under forest cover, total drainage to below 1 m was 55% of evapotranspiration in unirrigated plots and 150% of evapotranspiration in irrigated plots. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Abrahamson, DA AU - Dougherty, P M AU - Zarnoch, S J AD - J. Phil Campbell Natural Resources Conservation Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Watkinsville, Georgia, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 3503 EP - 3513 PB - American Geophysical Union VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, North Carolina, Laurinburg KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Irrigation water KW - Water use KW - Pine trees KW - Stemflow KW - Interception KW - Drainage KW - Rainfall KW - Water loss KW - Throughfall KW - Soil water KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17272896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Hydrological+components+of+a+young+loblolly+pine+plantation+on+a+sandy+soil+with+estimates+of+water+use+and+loss&rft.au=Abrahamson%2C+DA%3BDougherty%2C+P+M%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Abrahamson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation water; Water use; Pine trees; Stemflow; Interception; Rainfall; Drainage; Water loss; Throughfall; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Effects of Canopy Gap Formation in High-Rainfall Mangrove Forests AN - 17228614; 4514090 AB - This study investigated the importance of gap formation in mangrove swamps on the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, in order to understand better both natural processes of forest development and the effects of harvesting trees for firewood in these wetlands. Measurements were concentrated in seven plots located near four rivers: three in fringe zones and four in basin zones. Each plot was a cluster of five points and covered an area of ca 1.3 ha. From every point in each of the seven plots, the nearest canopy gap greater than or equal to 10 m super(2) was located; 25 of the 35 gaps were formed by harvesting. Porewater salinity was significantly higher under the canopy in fringe mangrove forests than in basin mangrove forests. Although gaps were small (mean gap size = 158 m super(2); median gap size = 92 m super(2)), soil temperatures were significantly higher in gaps of both zones. Soil redox potential was significantly lower and porewater salinity significantly higher in the gaps than under the canopy in the basin zone only. Higher porewater salinity may be attributed to high evaporation rates from the soil and high transpiration rates from trees surrounding gaps. There were significantly more seedlings in gaps than under the canopy only in the fringe zones. Although gap formation alters the soil environment of Kosraean mangrove swamps, high freshwater input may buffer these effects in basin mangrove swamps by reducing porewater salinity. Current harvesting rates do not appear to be changing canopy species composition, but large gaps, especially in mangrove forests in more arid areas, may lead to major changes. JF - Biotropica AU - Ewel, K C AU - Zheng, Songfa AU - Pinzon, Z S AU - Bourgeois, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 510 EP - 518 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Micronesia, Fed. States, Kosrae KW - Micronesia, Kosrae KW - canopy gaps KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pore water KW - Evaporation KW - Rainfall KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Forests KW - Salinity KW - Soils KW - ISEW, Caroline Is., Kosrae KW - Environmental effects KW - Canopies KW - Soil chemistry KW - Environmental impact KW - Transpiration KW - Oxidation-reduction potential KW - Mangroves KW - Gaps KW - Soil temperature KW - Human impact KW - Soil conductivity KW - Salinity effects KW - Ecosystem management KW - Canopy KW - Temperature effects KW - Forest industry KW - Interstitial water KW - Redox potential KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17228614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Environmental+Effects+of+Canopy+Gap+Formation+in+High-Rainfall+Mangrove+Forests&rft.au=Ewel%2C+K+C%3BZheng%2C+Songfa%3BPinzon%2C+Z+S%3BBourgeois%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Ewel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Pore water; Forest industry; Evaporation; Rainfall; Mangrove swamps; Environmental impact; Interstitial water; Forests; Transpiration; Human impact; Salinity; Salinity effects; Soils; Environmental effects; Ecosystem management; Canopies; Oxidation-reduction potential; Mangroves; Redox potential; Gaps; Soil chemistry; Soil temperature; Soil conductivity; Canopy; ISEW, Caroline Is., Kosrae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formulations of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli for biocontrol of Erythroxylum coca var. coca AN - 17225455; 4504387 AB - Formulations of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f.sp. erythroxyli isolate EN-4, pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca) were evaluated in greenhouse and field studies to determine their relative ability to enhance pathogen populations in the soil or cause disease in coca. The formulations rice-alginate prill, Pesta, and C6 were most thoroughly tested and are products of three formulation processes. The formulations were applied in the greenhouse and field at 33.6 kg ha super(-1). All the formulations tested enhanced the population of EN-4 in the soil during greenhouse (> 6 wk) and field (> 7 mo) experiments. EN-4 was present in the upper 1 cm of formulation-treated soil at > 200-fold higher populations than established below a depth of 7 to 10 cm in both greenhouse and field experiments. This population distribution was maintained throughout the 7-mo sampling period for field experiments. The enhanced soil populations of EN-4 were associated with an increase in root colonization by the pathogen EN-4 in the field 5 to 7 mo after treatment. The formulated F. oxysporum began to have a significant effect on plant death 100 to 200 d after application in two of three field experiments, based on repeated measures analysis. The various formulations tested tended to establish similar pathogen populations in soil and subsequently caused similar levels of disease. The primary factors influencing formulation performance may be environmental, since inoculum production is dependent on sporulation of the formulation, which, although rapid, may continue over several weeks subsequent to application. JF - Weed Science AU - Bailey, BA AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Strem, M AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Darlington, L C AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Daigle, D J AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, bbailey@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 682 EP - 689 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Fusarium oxysporum erythroxyli KW - Erythroxylum coca coca KW - Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Formulations+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.sp.+erythroxyli+for+biocontrol+of+Erythroxylum+coca+var.+coca&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BHebbar%2C+K+P%3BStrem%2C+M%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BDarlington%2C+L+C%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BDaigle%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erythroxylum coca coca; Fusarium oxysporum erythroxyli; Biological control; Soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of acidification and chelating agents on the solubilization of uranium from contaminated soil AN - 17225327; 4504058 AB - The role of acidification and chelating agents in the solubilization of uranium (U) from contaminated soil was examined in a series of experiments. Soil acidification and the addition of chelating agents were the two methods compared initially. The results indicated that the addition of citric acid solubilized more U than acidification or the other amendments tested. This increase in U solubility was, however, transitory. A subsequent experiment indicated that citrate concentration had a more dramatic effect on U solubility than did acidification. The greatest soluble U concentration during this experiment (775 mg kg super(-1) soil, or similar to 85% of the total U) was observed after 24 h in the presence of 20 millimoles citrate kg super(-1) soil at pH 5. The persistence of U solubility over the 96-h experimental period was primarily a function of pH and citrate degradation. In a separate experiment, in which citric acid rather than citrate was added to contaminated soil, the soluble U concentrations observed were generally lower than those observed in the presence of citrate. Citric acid decreased soil pH to values less than or equal to 3.6, and solubilized higher concentrations of Al and Fe than observed in the presence of citrate. Since the maximum solubilization of U was observed at pH 5, the implication of these results is that a combined approach, using both soil acidification and citric acid addition, may be necessary to maximize the phytoextraction of U from soils with a pH > 6.0. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Norvell, WA AU - Kochian, LV AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and National Lab., USDA-ARS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, lvk1@cornell.edu Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1486 EP - 1494 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Uranium KW - Chelation KW - Radioisotopes KW - Acidification KW - Soil contamination KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+acidification+and+chelating+agents+on+the+solubilization+of+uranium+from+contaminated+soil&rft.au=Ebbs%2C+S+D%3BNorvell%2C+WA%3BKochian%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Ebbs&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radioisotopes; Soil contamination; Chelation; Uranium; Acidification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energy balance of a corn residue-covered field during snowmelt AN - 17217953; 4498624 AB - Transport of agricultural chemicals in runoff and recharge waters from snowmelt and soil thawing may represent a significant event in terms of annual contaminant loadings in temperate regions. Improved understanding of the melt dynamics of shallow snowpacks is necessary to fully assess the implications for water quality. The objective of this study was to measure the energy balance components of a corn (Zea mays L.) stubble field during the melting of its snowcover. Net radiation (Rn), soil (G), sensible (H), and latent (Q) heat fluxes were measured in a field near Ames, Iowa, during the winter of 1994-1995. Energy consumed by melting including change in energy storage of the snowpack was determined as the residual of the measured energy balance. There was continuous snowcover at the field site for 71 days (maximum depth = 222 mm) followed by an open period of 11 days before additional snowfall and a second melt period. The net radiation and snowmelt/energy storage change (S) terms dominated the energy balance during both measurement intervals. Peak daily sensible and latent heat fluxes were below 100 W m super(-2) on all days except the last day of the second melt period. There was good agreement between predicted and measured values of H and Q during the melting of an aged snow layer but poorer agreement during the melt of fresh snow. Both snowpacks melted rapidly and coincident changes in soil moisture storage were observed. Improved estimates of Q and H, especially for partially open surfaces, will require better characterization of the surface aerodynamic properties and spatially-representative surface temperature measurements. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Sauer, T J AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Prueger, J H AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-ARS, Midwest Area, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-4420, USA, tsaueromp.uark.edu Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 PB - American Water Resources Association VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Snowpack KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Energy KW - Corn KW - Snowmelt KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Pollution load KW - Water pollution KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17217953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Energy+balance+of+a+corn+residue-covered+field+during+snowmelt&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BPrueger%2C+J+H%3BLogsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Snowpack; Path of pollutants; Agricultural chemicals; Energy; Corn; Snowmelt; Pollution load; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disturbance intensity and above- and belowground herbivory effects on long-term (14 y) recovery of a semiarid grassland AN - 17216890; 4493572 AB - The importance of disturbance intensity and herbivory by cattle and white grubs, or the larvae of June beetles (including Phyllophaga fimbripes), to recovery of shortgrass steppe ecosystems in Colorado, U.S.A. were evaluated over a fourteen year time period. Disturbance intensity was defined by survival of the dominant grass species (Bouteloua gracilis) after an outbreak of root feeding activity by white grubs. Sixteen patches of vegetation consisting of four pairs of adjacent ungrazed-grazed by cattle locations with two replicates that were recently affected by white grubs were selected in 1977. Disturbance intensity was determined in 1977 by the area in each patch that contained live tillers of B. gracilis. Permanent plots were located both within and outside of each patch. Plant basal cover and density by species were estimated at time of peak aboveground biomass in six different years on each plot. Successional dynamics on patches was similar to areas affected by other types of disturbances, however, rate of recovery was faster for patches affected by grubs. Grazing by cattle was infrequently important to plant recovery, a result similar to effects of grazing on other aspects of shortgrass steppe ecosystems. Disturbance intensity was important to recovery of B. gracilis since tiller survival in 1977 was linearly related to cover in each year of sampling. For ungrazed patches, initial conditions were important to recovery of B. gracilis for as many as 14 years. For grazed patches, initial conditions decreased and grazing increased in importance through time. Changes in resource quality and a more uniform distribution of roots due to grazing likely resulted in more complete mortality of plants by grubs under grazed compared to ungrazed conditions. Persistence of shortgrass ecosystems in spite of disturbances with different intensities are determined at least in part by characteristics of disturbances interacting with the ability of plants to respond, and in part by the evolutionary history of the system. Although white grubs affect shortgrass communities infrequently, they have large and important effects on plant community structure through time, and represent an important class of disturbance defined by intensity. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Coffin, D P AU - Laycock, WA AU - Lauenroth, W K AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, MSA 3JER, Box 30003, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 221 EP - 233 VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - USA, Colorado KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Herbivory KW - Ecosystem recovery KW - Grasslands KW - Semiarid environments KW - Phyllophaga fimbripes KW - Disturbance KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17216890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Disturbance+intensity+and+above-+and+belowground+herbivory+effects+on+long-term+%2814+y%29+recovery+of+a+semiarid+grassland&rft.au=Coffin%2C+D+P%3BLaycock%2C+WA%3BLauenroth%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Coffin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bouteloua gracilis; Phyllophaga fimbripes; Grasslands; Herbivory; Ecosystem recovery; Disturbance; Semiarid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasma: Ecology and genomic diversity AN - 17216475; 4504135 AB - The recent development of molecular-based probes such as mono- and polyclonal antibodies, cloned phytoplasma DNA fragments, and phytoplasma-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has allowed for advances in detection and identification of uncultured phytoplasmas (formerly called mycoplasma-like organisms). Comprehensive phylogenetic studies based on analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or both 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene operon sequences established the phylogenetic position of phytoplasmas as members of the class Mollicutes, and the revealed phylogenetic interrelationships among phytoplasmas formed a basis for their classification. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences, phytoplasmas are currently classified into 14 groups and 38 subgroups that are consistent with groups delineated based on phylogenetic analysis using parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the past decades, numerous phytoplasma strains associated with plants and insect vectors have been identified using molecular-based tools. Genomic diversity of phytoplasma groups appears to be correlated with their sharing common insect vectors, host plants, or both in nature. The level of exchange of genetic information among phytoplasma strains in a given group is determined by three-way, vector-phytoplasma-plant interactions. A putative mechanism for the creation of new ecological niches and the evolution of new ecospecies is proposed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Bertaccini, A AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1359 EP - 1366 VL - 88 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - RFLP KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - phytoplasma KW - rRNA 16S KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Vectors KW - Genetic diversity KW - Phytoplasma KW - Ecological genetics KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Evolution KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17216475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Phytoplasma%3A+Ecology+and+genomic+diversity&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BBertaccini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytoplasma; Reviews; Phylogeny; Ecological genetics; Polymerase chain reaction; Genetic diversity; Plants; Vectors; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Evolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasma identity and disease etiology AN - 17215375; 4504137 AB - Many plant diseases believed to be caused by phytoplasmas were described before phytoplasma groups were delineated through molecular analyses. It is now possible to assess the relationships between phytoplasma identity or classification and specific plant diseases. Data were consistent with the hypothesis of a common ancestral origin of pathogenicity genes in many phytoplasmas and a limited repertoire of plant responses to certain pathogen signals. Observations also were consistent with the hypotheses that the botanical host ranges of some phytoplasmas reflect specificities in transmission by vectors and vector feeding preferences; phytoplasma-insect vector relationships are keys to understanding evolutionary divergence of phytoplasma lineages; small differences in a highly conserved phytoplasma gene may be regarded as potential indicators of separate gene pools; the reliability of a diagnosis based on symptoms must be learned empirically (i.e., through case study for each syndrome); and some discrete diseases can be ascribed to phytoplasma taxa at the 16S rRNA group level, whereas others are clearly associated with phytoplasma taxa below this level. JF - Phytopathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Sinclair, WA AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1372 EP - 1376 VL - 88 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Phytoplasma KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Plant diseases KW - Vectors KW - Taxonomy KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Phytoplasma+identity+and+disease+etiology&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BSinclair%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disease transmission; Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Vectors; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic and Environmental Feasibility of Variable Rate Nitrogen Fertilizer Application with Carry-Over Effects AN - 17212086; 4494290 AB - This study evaluates the long-term profitability and environmental impacts of variable rate versus uniform nitrogen application in seed potato production with nitrogen carry-over effects included. Seed potato yields were simulated for four different areas of a field using the EPIC crop growth model. A dynamic optimization model was used to determine optimal steady-state nitrogen levels for each area and the entire field. Average nitrogen losses and economic returns were evaluated for both uniform and variable rate nitrogen fertilizer. Variable rate nitrogen application was found to be unprofitable for the field when compared to uniform nitrogen application. Nitrogen losses for the field were about the same under both strategies. The results indicate greater economic and environmental benefits may be achieved by splitting nitrogen applications, especially for areas of the field exhibiting low yield productivity. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics AU - Watkins, K B AU - Lu, Y-C AU - Huang, W-Y AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 401 EP - 426 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1068-5502, 1068-5502 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental impact KW - Crops KW - Fertilizers KW - Economics KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17212086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Environmental+Feasibility+of+Variable+Rate+Nitrogen+Fertilizer+Application+with+Carry-Over+Effects&rft.au=Watkins%2C+K+B%3BLu%2C+Y-C%3BHuang%2C+W-Y&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=10685502&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Agriculture; Feasibility studies; Environmental impact; Crops; Nitrogen; Fertilizers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae to Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) AN - 17181869; 4476937 AB - The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinernema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabditis infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Ten strains of Steinernema infected maggots, of which 7 strains (4 S. carpocapsae (Weiser), 2 S. feltiae (Filipjev), and 1 S. scapterisci Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality. Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinernema strains successfully reproduced for greater than or equal to 2 generations in maggots. No difference was observed between 72-h survival of maggots and adult emergence. Six strains of Steinernema were selected for 10 generations on maggots and then compared with unselected lines. No difference in pathogenicity between selected and unselected lines was observed. Two strains of S. feltiae, SN and UNK-36, and 2 of the best Heterorhabditis strains, H. bacteriophora Poinar OSWEGO and H. megidis Poinar, Jackson & Klein HF-85 were tested in a fresh bovine manure substrate. All 4 strains produced significant fly mortality in the manure substrate, although the S. feltiae strains had significantly lower LC sub(50) values than did the Heterorhabditis spp. The most promising strain, S. feltiae SN, gave LC sub(50) and LC sub(99) values of 4 and 82 infective juveniles per maggot, respectively. These doses were equivalent to 2.7 and 55 infective juveniles per gram of manure and 5.1 and 104 infective juveniles per square centimeter of surface area. Infective juveniles capable of infecting greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (L.), survived in manure for up to 10 wk without hosts. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Taylor, D B AU - Szalanski, AL AU - Adams, B J AU - Peterson, RD II AD - Midwest Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1514 EP - 1519 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Face flies KW - House fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Musca domestica KW - Pathogens KW - Heterorhabditis KW - Virulence KW - Muscidae KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17181869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+House+Fly+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+Larvae+to+Entomopathogenic+Nematodes+%28Rhabditida%3A+Heterorhabditidae%2C+Steinernematidae%29&rft.au=Taylor%2C+D+B%3BSzalanski%2C+AL%3BAdams%2C+B+J%3BPeterson%2C+RD+II&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heterorhabditis; Musca domestica; Muscidae; Biological control; Virulence; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Instars for the Parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) AN - 17178984; 4476945 AB - Studies were conducted to assess the suitability of nymphal instars of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [=sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Biotype B] attacked by Eretmocerus mundus Mercet. Host mortality, parasitoid survival, development time, and progeny longevity were recorded. E. mundus parasitized all instars; however, 2nd instars had the highest percentage of parasitism (66.4%) and the late 4th instars (red-eyed nymphs) the lowest (8.6%). Second instars exhibited the highest proportion of host mortality and parasitoid survival. The greatest rate of parasitoid emergence (93.8%) was from 2nd-instar hosts; the lowest emergence (35.7%) was from late 4th-instar hosts. Parasitoid development was longest when parasitized in the 1st instar (16.3 d). The longevity of unfed female progeny that emerged from hosts attacked in the 2nd instar was significantly greater (2.6 d) than those from late 4th instars (1.5 d). When E. mundus parasitized 1st or 2nd instars, the parasitoid can be referred as a koinobiont, because after parasitization, the host continues to feed, grow, and develop. However, when E. mundus parasitized 3rd or 4th instar nymphs, they evidently stop development (idiobiont). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Jones, WA AU - Greenberg, S M AD - Beneficial Insects Research Unit, Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1569 EP - 1573 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Scale insects KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Survival KW - Hosts KW - Eretmocerus mundus KW - Emergence KW - Homoptera KW - Aphelinidae KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+Instars+for+the+Parasitoid+Eretmocerus+mundus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29&rft.au=Jones%2C+WA%3BGreenberg%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Aphelinidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Eretmocerus mundus; Homoptera; Hosts; Mortality; Survival; Emergence; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment and Spread of Typhlodromalus manihoti (Acari: Phytoseiidae), an Introduced Phytoseiid Predator of Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Africa AN - 17178856; 4476935 AB - The phytoseiid predator Typhlodromalus manihoti Moraes was introduced into the cassava belt of Africa from South America against the exotic mite pest Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) beginning in 1988. The 1st population to become established was released in 1989. Establishments are now found in Benin, Burundi, Ghana, and Nigeria where they cover an area estimated at 4,300 km super(2). T. manihoti dispersed at a rate of 3.3 km/yr, spreading 5 times faster during the dry compared with the wet season and in proportion to the frequency of surrounding cassava fields. Populations of T. manihoti fluctuated with the seasonal abundance of M. tanajoa. Established populations of T. manihoti comprised a quarter of the phytoseiids found on cassava with a higher proportion present during the dry season. T. manihoti was recovered from 12 species of plants including 5 Euphorbiaceae in addition to cassava. Evidence of T. manihoti establishment in only part of the cassava belt suggests the search for other natural enemies of M. tanajoa in Africa should continue. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Yaninek, J S AU - Megevand, B AU - Ojo, B AU - Cudjoe, A R AU - Abole, E AU - Onzo, A AU - Zannou, I AD - USDA-CSREES, Room 837, Aerospace Building, 901 D Street SW, Washington, DC 20250-2220, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1496 EP - 1505 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Africa KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Tetranychidae KW - Mononychellus tanajoa KW - Predators KW - Typhlodromalus manihoti KW - Population establishment KW - Phytoseiidae KW - Introduced species KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+Spread+of+Typhlodromalus+manihoti+%28Acari%3A+Phytoseiidae%29%2C+an+Introduced+Phytoseiid+Predator+of+Mononychellus+tanajoa+%28Acari%3A+Tetranychidae%29+in+Africa&rft.au=Yaninek%2C+J+S%3BMegevand%2C+B%3BOjo%2C+B%3BCudjoe%2C+A+R%3BAbole%2C+E%3BOnzo%2C+A%3BZannou%2C+I&rft.aulast=Yaninek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mononychellus tanajoa; Phytoseiidae; Tetranychidae; Typhlodromalus manihoti; Biological control; Introduced species; Predators; Population establishment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host Specificity of Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Introduced into the United States for Biological Control of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L., Asteraceae: Carduae) AN - 17178224; 4476939 AB - The weevil Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont was selected as a candidate for the biological control of Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle) in the United States. Its potential host range was studied during 1982, 1983, and 1984 in Rome, Italy, using populations collected from C. solstitialis in Thermi near Thessaloniki and Kozani in northern Greece. Adults laid eggs only on members of the genus Centaurea and the thistle Onopordum acanthium; eggs laid on O. acanthium hatched but 1st instars died before entering buds. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid on various U.S. and Italian strains of C. solstitialis included in the tests. Eggs were not deposited on plant species of economic importance such as Cynara scolymus, Helianthus annuus, Carthamus tinctorius, and Lactuca sativa. Larvae completed their larval development only on C. solstitialis from Greece and on U. S. and Italian populations of C. solstitialis among the 60 plant species, varieties, and strains (in 7 families) tested. This restricted host range suggested introduction of this weevil as a biological control agent against yellow starthistle in the United States. Releases of B. orientalis were made in California, Washington, Idaho, and Oregon in 1985 and it became established in all states in 1989. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Campobasso, G AU - Sobhian, R AU - Knutson, L AU - Terragitti, G AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, 34397, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1525 EP - 1530 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Greece KW - Italy KW - Snout beetles KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Host specificity KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - Host plants KW - Curculionidae KW - Bangasternus orientalis KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+Specificity+of+Bangasternus+orientalis+Capiomont+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Introduced+into+the+United+States+for+Biological+Control+of+Yellow+Starthistle+%28Centaurea+solstitialis+L.%2C+Asteraceae%3A+Carduae%29&rft.au=Campobasso%2C+G%3BSobhian%2C+R%3BKnutson%2C+L%3BTerragitti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Campobasso&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bangasternus orientalis; Centaurea solstitialis; Curculionidae; Biological control; Host plants; Host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Temperature and Humidity on Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Beauveria bassiana and a Coccinellid AN - 17178194; 4476936 AB - We tested the effect of 2 exposure methods and 2 environmental factors, temperature and humidity, on Beauceria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) mycosis in Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We found that the standard EPA bioassay method of exposing nontarget insects by immersion resulted in a per-insect dose that was 5 times greater than that from spray applications. However, this difference did not significantly affect mycosis levels in a simulation of field applications conducted in the greenhouse. In contrast, differences in environmental conditions between the laboratory and greenhouse had a large effect on mycosis. Constant temperatures between 15 and 35 degree C had a significant effect on both germination rate and vegetative growth of B. bassiana, with the fastest germination occurring at 25-32 degree C and the fastest growth occurring at 30 degree C. Although temperature affected the rate of conidial germination, total germination eventually reached 97-100% at all temperatures. Contrary to these results, levels of mycosis in lady beetles decreased as temperatures increased over this same range. Although high levels of humidity are required for conidial germination, we found no well-defined threshold period of high humidity exposure required for mycosis in this insect. In other words, the effects of temperature and humidity on free-living stages of the pathogen are not sufficient to explain the effect of these factors on mycosis. We suggest that temperature and humidity also affect physiological interactions between the host and pathogen. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - James, R R AU - Croft, BA AU - Shaffer, B T AU - Lighthart, B AD - USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1506 EP - 1513 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Convergent lady beetle KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Mycosis KW - Coccinellidae KW - Hippodamia convergens KW - Germination KW - Temperature effects KW - Humidity KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Temperature+and+Humidity+on+Host-Pathogen+Interactions+Between+Beauveria+bassiana+and+a+Coccinellid&rft.au=James%2C+R+R%3BCroft%2C+BA%3BShaffer%2C+B+T%3BLighthart%2C+B&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Coccinellidae; Hippodamia convergens; Mycosis; Temperature effects; Host-pathogen interactions; Germination; Humidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological and Biochemical Studies with Field Populations of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica AN - 17177902; 4475316 AB - Topical bioassays with cypermethrin, lambda -cyhalothrin, permethrin, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos were conducted on 12 German cockroach strains recently collected from the field. Resistance levels ranged from 3- to 159-fold for cypermethrin, 2- to 88-fold for permethrin, 4- to 55-fold for lambda -cyhalothrin, 5- to 33-fold for propoxur, and 3- to 19-fold for chlorpyrifos. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributylphoshorotrithioate (DEF) affected cypermethrin resistance to varying degrees depending on the strain. Piperonyl butoxide pretreatment decreased cypermethrin resistance in only 5 strains, but caused an increase in resistance level in 7 strains. Conversely, DEF pretreatment reduced the resistance level in 10 of the strains and increased the resistance level in only 2 strains. Correlation analysis of resistance ratios for each strain and insecticide indicated a direct relationship between resistance level of one insecticide and another, especially among the pyrethroids. All field strains exhibited significantly higher microsomal oxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and esterase activities toward surrogate substrates as compared with the insecticide-susceptible strain. However, levels of cytochrome P450 content, aldrin epoxidase activity, methoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity, and glutathione S-transferase activity were not correlated with pyrethroid resistance, suggesting that these activities are poor indicators of pyrethroid-resistance magnitude. Interestingly, significant correlations were found between general esterase activity and cypermethrin (P = 0.002), permethrin (P = 0.007), cyhalothrin (P = 0.002), and propoxur (P = 0.001) resistance levels. The data support the conclusion of esterase involvement in cypermethrin resistance determined by synergist (DEF) bioassay. However, the significance of this relationship, in the context of resistance detection, requires further examination. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Valles, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23 super(rd) Drive, Gainesville, 32608, Florida, svalles@gainesville.usda Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 190 EP - 200 PB - Academic Press VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - German cockroach KW - cypermethrin KW - propoxur KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Chemical control KW - Drug resistance KW - Blattella germanica KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Pesticide resistance KW - Insecticides KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+and+Biochemical+Studies+with+Field+Populations+of+the+German+Cockroach%2C+Blattella+germanica&rft.au=Valles%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blattella germanica; Pesticide resistance; Drug resistance; Insecticides; Chlorpyrifos; Chemical control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reverting Conservation Reserve Program Lands to Wheat and Livestock Production: Effects on Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages AN - 17177305; 4476914 AB - Highly erodible lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program soon will revert to agricultural production. This study was designed to determine the effects of reversion of Conservation Reserve Program lands to wheat and livestock production on ground beetle assemblages. Reversion strategies included no reversion of Conservation Reserve Program grass (unmanaged bluestem), simulated grazing of Conservation Reserve Program grass (managed bluestem), minimum-tillage practices for wheat production, and no-tillage practices for wheat production. A randomized block experimental design was established with 4 replicates. More ground beetles were captured in pitfall traps in 1995 than in 1996, and abundances within years differed among reversion strategies. Of the 73 ground beetle species collected, 9 species accounted for 61.7% of total abundance. Abundances of these 9 species differed with respect to reversion strategy. Species diversity and evenness differed among the reversion strategies in 1995, but only evenness differed in 1996. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that annual and monthly variation were the predominant factors in separating ground beetle assemblages. Lack of rainfall may have accounted for a large portion of differences in abundances between years. A partial canonical correspondence analysis showed that simulated grazing and no-tillage wheat were the predominant reversion strategies in separating ground beetle assemblages. These treatments represent disturbance levels intermediate to unmanaged bluestem and minimum-tillage wheat. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - French, B W AU - Elliott, N C AU - Berberet, R C AD - Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, SPA, 1301 N. Western, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1323 EP - 1335 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Ground beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Agricultural land KW - Agricultural practices KW - Carabidae KW - Community structure KW - Species composition KW - Nature reserves KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Reverting+Conservation+Reserve+Program+Lands+to+Wheat+and+Livestock+Production%3A+Effects+on+Ground+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Carabidae%29+Assemblages&rft.au=French%2C+B+W%3BElliott%2C+N+C%3BBerberet%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carabidae; Agricultural practices; Environment management; Nature reserves; Abundance; Agricultural land; Species composition; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Time-Mortality Relationships for Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses When Survivors are Present AN - 17177286; 4476909 AB - The time-mortality relationship for nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) is 1 of the more important factors to be considered in the development of NPVs as biological control agents. This factor has become of particular interest in recent years with the advent of NPVs that have been genetically modified to kill insects faster. However, much information published on time-mortality relationships is quantified in such a way that the results may be misleading. In quantifying time-mortality relationships for NPVs, many researchers calculate median lethal times (LT sub(50)s), or median survival times (ST sub(50)s), using probit or similar analyses. However, some researchers include insects that survive the treatment in their calculations, whereas other researchers do not include survivors. Simulated data are presented to show that when survivors are included, treatment effects on LT sub(50)s and ST sub(50)s are inherently influenced by any treatment effects on percent mortality. Examples of real data from bioassays of the NPV of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), that illustrate the same pattern are also presented. Rationale is presented that if survivors are simply not infected, data on them represents no useful information on the time-mortality relationship, and so survivors should generally be excluded from calculation of LT sub(50)s or ST sub(50)s, as well as from alternative methods of quantifying this relationship. Data on percent mortality data should be presented as well to allow full evaluation of the experiments. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 011A. Room 214, BARC-West Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1289 EP - 1296 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Beet armyworm KW - Bollworm KW - Celery looper KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Mortality KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Pathogenicity KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Time-Mortality+Relationships+for+Nuclear+Polyhedrosis+Viruses+When+Survivors+are+Present&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anagrapha falcifera; Helicoverpa zea; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Spodoptera exigua; Biological control; Mortality; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant preferences of Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee) (Lep., Crambidae) AN - 17177068; 4470741 AB - Uresiphita reversalis Guenee (Lep., Crambidae) is a North American species whose native hosts include legumes (Fabaceae) in the genera, Lupinus L. (Genisteae, Lupininae), Baptisia Vent. (Thermopsidae) and Sophora L. (Sophoreae). Several species from the Genisteae, subtribe Genistinae, have been introduced to the United States and U. reversalis has expanded its host range to include these species. Members of all of these tribes bear quinolizidine alkaloids (QA). Ovipositional and larval preferences of U. reversalis for both introduced and native species were examined. Adults and larvae prefer Genista L. and thus preference is proposed to be indirectly or directly associated with the presence of QA with higher toxicity in this genus than in other host genera. Larvae of U. reversalis are known to sequester QA, which are deterrent and toxic to their natural enemies. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Leen, R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Volcano, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 537 EP - 541 VL - 122 IS - 9-10 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Lepidoptera KW - USA KW - alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host preferences KW - Host plants KW - Fabaceae KW - Uresiphita reversalis KW - Introduced species KW - Oviposition KW - Crambidae KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+plant+preferences+of+Uresiphita+reversalis+%28Guenee%29+%28Lep.%2C+Crambidae%29&rft.au=Leen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Leen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crambidae; Fabaceae; Uresiphita reversalis; Host preferences; Host plants; Introduced species; Oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of swine waste application on ground and stream water quality in an eastern coastal plain watershed AN - 17174323; 4477333 AB - Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture has been a major concern, particularly where intensive agricultural operations exist near environmentally sensitive waters. To address these concerns, a water quality project was initiated in Duplin County, North Carolina, in the 2044-ha Herrings Marsh Run watershed. A swine farm within this monitored watershed expanded its operation from 3,300 to more than 14,000 animals. Groundwater nitrate-N increased significantly in three of the seven wells located adjacent to the spray field and in the adjoining riparian zone. Stream nitrate-N concentrations have increased after the expansion of the swine operation in the colder months, but concentrations have remained approximately the same during the warmer months. Stream ammonia-N mean concentrations after expansion have increased as well as the frequency and magnitude of ammonia-N concentration spikes. Ortho-phosphate concentrations in the stream water have been relatively consistent over the study period. The riparian zone is reducing the impact of spray field groundwater nitrate concentrations and ammonia loadings in an adjacent stream. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Humenik, F J AU - Johnson, M H AD - USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29502-1242, USA, stonelorence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1665 EP - 1670 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty. KW - swine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Eutrophication KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Industrial wastes KW - Riparian environments KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Animal wastes KW - Nitrates KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Ammonia KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17174323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Impact+of+swine+waste+application+on+ground+and+stream+water+quality+in+an+eastern+coastal+plain+watershed&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Animal wastes; Nitrates; Eutrophication; Ammonia; Phosphorus; Watersheds; Streams; Industrial wastes; Riparian environments; Groundwater pollution; Agricultural runoff; Nitrogen; Agricultural wastes; Nonpoint pollution; USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff responses among common land uses in the uplands of Matalom, Leyte, Philippines AN - 17173852; 4477329 AB - Changing tropical hydrologic regimes have been attributed to conversion from tropical forest to agricultural use and are a threat to many tropical upland ecosystems. A series of experiments were conducted in headwater catchments of Matalom, Leyte, Philippines, to quantify the effect on the near-surface hydrology of land uses common to the steep slopes and thin, calcareous soils. Overland and subsurface runoff were collected to compare the surface hydrologic response of forested, tilled, slash/mulch, and pasture catchments. The forest site demonstrated the lowest annual runoff response, at less than 3% of rainfall, and the highest rainfall threshold which initiated runoff. Conversely, the pasture site demonstrated the greatest annual runoff response (76%) with the lowest thresholds. A pasture with contour-hedgerows demonstrated greater infiltration than the pasture without this conservation practice, generating runoff at 31% of annual rainfall. The plowed and slash/mulch sites had similar annual runoff responses, at 17% and 13% of rainfall, although the predominant flow pathway differed between these sites. Surface runoff accounted for the majority of runoff at the plowed and pasture-fallow sites; whereas, interflow provided the largest contribution to runoff at the slash/mulch and forest sites. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Chandler, D G AU - Walter, M F AD - Washington State University, USDA-ARS, 213 Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, dgcl@wsu.edu Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1635 EP - 1641 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Philippines, Leyte, Matalom KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Forests KW - Land use KW - Tropical environments KW - Catchments KW - Hydrology KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17173852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Runoff+responses+among+common+land+uses+in+the+uplands+of+Matalom%2C+Leyte%2C+Philippines&rft.au=Chandler%2C+D+G%3BWalter%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchments; Agriculture; Hydrology; Runoff; Forests; Land use; Tropical environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of coal combustion product amendments on soil quality: II.Mobilization of soil organic carbon AN - 17171032; 4477345 AB - Our previous work provided evidence that application of coal combustion products (fly ash and bed ash) at rates exceeding liming requirements may cause considerable degradation of organic N in soils. To investigate the influence of such application rates on the fate of soil organic matter, we studied the effects of different amounts (0, 20, 40, and 80 g kg super(-1) soil) of bed ash and fly ash on the mobilization of organic C in soil. The studies showed that whereas fly ash mobilized little or no organic C when applied at rates as high as 80 g kg super(-1) soil, bed ash caused substantial mobilization and loss of soil organic C when applied at or above the rate of 20 g kg super(-1) soil. Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the different forms of carbon mobilized in soil amended with combustion products. These studies showed that various forms of organic C were mobilized by bed ash treatments such as carbohydrates, phenolic substances, humic substances, and amino acids. We found that the total amounts of soil organic C mobilized by bed ash treatments were related to increased soil pH and with the losses of C associated with increases of soluble humic substances. JF - Soil Science AU - Stuczynski, TI AU - McCarty, G W AU - Wright, R J AU - Reeves, JB III AD - Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA, gmccarty@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 960 EP - 969 VL - 163 IS - 12 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Chromatography KW - Combustion products KW - Organic carbon KW - Environmental impact KW - Fly ash KW - Spectroscopy KW - Soil KW - Land reclamation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17171032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Impact+of+coal+combustion+product+amendments+on+soil+quality%3A+II.Mobilization+of+soil+organic+carbon&rft.au=Stuczynski%2C+TI%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BWright%2C+R+J%3BReeves%2C+JB+III&rft.aulast=Stuczynski&rft.aufirst=TI&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Combustion products; Spectroscopy; Land reclamation; Environmental impact; Fly ash; Organic carbon; Chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a methyl anthranilate-based bird repellent: Toxicity to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and effect on great blue heron Ardea herodias feeding behavior AN - 17167844; 4470675 AB - We evaluated the methyl anthranilate-based bird repellent, ReJeX-iT TP-40 (TP-40), for 1) its toxicity to channel catfish fingerlings (catfish), Ictalurus punctatus; 2) its effect on great blue heron (heron), Ardea herodias feeding behavior; 3) its efficacy in reducing heron predation on catfish; and 4) its effects on catfish growth. TP-40 effectively maintained MA concentrations near the water's surface and below toxic levels for catfish in the water column. Water samples collected from 0.03 and 0.35 m below the surface of catfish rearing tanks (6,664 L) treated at application rates up to the equivalent of 200 kg/ha contained less than 5 ppm active ingredient, which is less than the no observable effect limit for catfish fry. No treatment-related mortality of catfish was observed. Handling times of catfish fingerlings captured by herons from tubs treated with TP-40 initially increased at application rates of 19.6 kg/ha or greater but decreased as a function of the number of catfish captured. Under simulated aquaculture conditions, TP-40 did not affect the number of catfish eaten by herons from ponds treated at surface application rates of 0, 2, 22, and 220 kg/ha. TP-40 had no affect on the time herons spent handling live or dead catfish. Ponds treated with TP-40 at 220 kg/ha had a 46% increase in visibility (secchi disk method) and a 58% reduction in total suspended solids, suggesting the formulation was phytotoxic. TP-40 did not affect fish growth. Analysis of individual behavior showed that herons may have habituated or become indifferent to the effects of the repellent after repeated exposure. Under the conditions of the study, herons did not maintain their body weight unless catfish were made available by disease or supplemental feeding, suggesting that herons may be inefficient at capturing healthy catfish. Surface applications of TP-40 at 20 to 220 kg/ha were not effective in limiting predation by herons. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - Dorr, B AU - Clark, L AU - Glahn, J F AU - Mezine, I AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Field Station, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, Ms 39762-6099 USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 451 EP - 462 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - Channel catfish KW - Great blue heron KW - bird repellents KW - methyl antranilate KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - fish culture KW - Predation KW - Pest control KW - Toxicity KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Ardea herodias KW - Predatory behavior KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Repellents KW - Feeding behavior KW - Aquatic birds KW - Fish culture KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17167844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+methyl+anthranilate-based+bird+repellent%3A+Toxicity+to+channel+catfish+Ictalurus+punctatus+and+effect+on+great+blue+heron+Ardea+herodias+feeding+behavior&rft.au=Dorr%2C+B%3BClark%2C+L%3BGlahn%2C+J+F%3BMezine%2C+I&rft.aulast=Dorr&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding behaviour; Predation; Repellents; Pest control; Toxicity; Fish culture; Aquatic birds; Predatory behavior; fish culture; Feeding behavior; Ardea herodias; Ictalurus punctatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of cyclodextrin into high-amylose starch of low molecular mass by means of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase AN - 17162024; 4470126 AB - alpha -Cyclodextrin (CD) was converted by Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase into highly insoluble high-amylose starch with a low average degree of polymerization (56-73), in yields as high as 78% over a wide range of temperatures (25-70 degree C). Ability to undergo this conversion was highly concentration-dependent. gamma -CD was also convertible in good yield; however, beta -CD was relatively resistant to conversion. Degrees of polymerization and the percentages of amylose in the high-amylose products were estimated from spectrophotometric measurements on their iodine complexes. A plausible mechanism for conversion of CD into starch is proposed. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AU - Knutson, CA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 219 EP - 228 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - amylose KW - cyclodextrin KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17162024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+cyclodextrin+into+high-amylose+starch+of+low+molecular+mass+by+means+of+cyclodextrin+glucanotransferase&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr%3BKnutson%2C+CA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Ergovaline in Tall Fescue by a Specific Monoclonal Antibody AN - 17157501; 4446276 AB - A monoclonal antibody (EV5B3) was developed using a conjugate of ergovaline and bovine serum albumin linked at the indole N(1) of the ergovaline molecule. This resulted in an antibody specific for the distal cyclol peptide moiety of ergovaline. As a result the antibody was specific for ergot peptide alkaloids having an isopropyl group at the C(5') position of the peptide. In a competitive indirect ELISA (CI-ELISA) the antibody could be used to detect ergovaline in plant material down to 16 ng g super(-1), and the assay was highly correlated with the standard HPLC method of detection for this compound. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Shelby, R A AU - Bridgman, R C AU - Smith, F T AU - Atigadda, V R AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 339 EP - 347 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - ergovaline KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Festuca KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17157501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Ergovaline+in+Tall+Fescue+by+a+Specific+Monoclonal+Antibody&rft.au=Shelby%2C+R+A%3BBridgman%2C+R+C%3BSmith%2C+F+T%3BAtigadda%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Shelby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Monoclonal antibodies; High-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective and organotypic culture of intrahepatic bile duct cells from adult pig liver AN - 17128102; 4431996 AB - Secondary culture of nontransformed bile duct epithelium has been difficult to achieve. STO feeder cell-dependent secondary cultures of adult pig bile duct cells were established from primary cultures of adult pig liver cells. Adult pig hepatocytes exhibited limited or no replication and were lost from the secondary culture at Passage 3 or 4. In contrast, adult pig bile duct cells replicated and were carried for 4-8 passages in secondary culture. A simple method to produce nearly pure pig intrahepatic bile duct cultures was first to freeze a relatively crude liver cell preparation. Upon subsequent thawing, all hepatocytes and most macrophages were lysed. Bile duct cells composed 95% of the surviving cells after the freeze/thaw, and they grew out rapidly. The bile duct cells grew on top of the STO feeder cells as closely knit epithelial, colonial outgrowths. Histocytochemical and biochemical analyses demonstrated high levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and low levels of P450 activity in the bile duct cultures. The bile duct cells spontaneously adopted a multicellular ductal morphology after 7-10 d in static culture which was similar to that found in in vivo pig liver. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed complex junctions and desmosomes typical of epithelium, and lumenally projecting cilia typical of in vivo intrahepatic bile ductules. This simple method for the coculture of pig intrahepatic bile duct cells which adopt in vivo-like structure may facilitate biological studies of this important, but difficult to culture, cell type. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Talbot, N C AU - Caperna, T J AD - USDA, ARS, LPSI, Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 200, Room 13, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 785 EP - 798 VL - 34 IS - 10 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Bile duct KW - Hepatocytes KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Cell culture KW - Cilia KW - Epithelium KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17128102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Selective+and+organotypic+culture+of+intrahepatic+bile+duct+cells+from+adult+pig+liver&rft.au=Talbot%2C+N+C%3BCaperna%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cilia; Cell culture; Hepatocytes; Epithelium; Macrophages; Bile duct; Transmission electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operational applications of remote sensing in hydrology: Success, prospects and problems AN - 17127153; 4432312 AB - The use of remote sensing information in operational hydrology is relatively limited, but specific examples can be cited for determining precipitation, soil moisture, groundwater, snow, surface water and basin characteristics. The application of remote sensing in hydrology can be termed operational if at least one of two conditions are met: (a) the application produces an output on a regular basis, or (b) the remote sensing data are used regularly on a continuing basis as part of a procedure to solve a problem or make decisions. When surveying the various operational applications, simple approaches and simple remote sensing data sets are the most successful. In the data-sparse developing countries, many operational remote sensing approaches exist (out of necessity) that may not be needed in developed countries because of existing data networks. To increase the use of remote sensing in operational hydrology in developed countries, pilot projects need to be increased and information services must be improved. Increased utilization of GIS to combine remote sensing with other information will promote new products and applications. End user training must be improved by focusing on satellite data processing and manipulation. In developing countries the same improvements are needed plus some more basic ones. There is a need for international monetary assistance to establish long-term remote sensing data, improved database systems and image processing capabilities. There is also the need to set up innovative regional training centres throughout the developing world. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AU - Shalaby, AI AD - USDA Hydrol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., Build. 007, Rm 104, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, alrangoydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 947 EP - 968 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Decision making KW - Remote sensing KW - Hydrology KW - Developing countries KW - Water resources planning KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17127153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Operational+applications+of+remote+sensing+in+hydrology%3A+Success%2C+prospects+and+problems&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BShalaby%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decision making; Remote sensing; Hydrology; Water resources planning; Developing countries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Out on the farm with DNA vaccines AN - 17120240; 4426372 AB - DNA vaccination is a rapidly developing technology that offers new approaches for the prevention of disease. This technology may permit the production of new vaccines against diseases that have no current vaccine, as well as allowing the development of improved vaccines to replace existing products. We describe how DNA vaccination is being developed for use in commercial animal production, with an emphasis on viral diseases, and discuss the existing hurdles to its development and use. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Beard, C W AU - Mason, P W AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA, cbeard@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1325 EP - 1328 VL - 16 IS - 13 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - DNA vaccines KW - animal vaccines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17120240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Out+on+the+farm+with+DNA+vaccines&rft.au=Beard%2C+C+W%3BMason%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in an acid Oxisol in western Puerto Rico: Effects of tillage, liming and fertilization AN - 16127442; 4591657 AB - Changes in land use and management of tropical systems are considered to be major factors in the recent upsurge in increases in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and methane (CH sub(4)). Studies were initiated in western Puerto Rico grasslands to determine the effect of plowing, or liming and fertilizing an acid Oxisol on the soil-atmosphere exchanges of N sub(2)O and CH sub(4). Weekly field flux measurements and field manipulation and laboratory studies were conducted over 22 months during 1993-1995. We found that N sub(2)O emissions from an Oxisol acidified to pH 4 were generally lower than from pH 6 Oxisol soils that were used as reference controls. Plowing the grasslands did not change mean N sub(2)O emission rates from either pH soil. Liming the acidified Oxisol to pH 6 tended to increase N sub(2)O emissions to the rates from the undisturbed grassland. Fertilizing the acidified grassland increased N sub(2)O emissions but much less than when these soils were both limed and fertilized. Short-term field studies employing nitrification inhibitors in which we measured nitric oxide (NO) and N sub(2)O emissions , demonstrated that nitrification rates generally control N sub(2)O emissions; thus these were lower in unlimed soil. It is likely that NO was produced through the chemical decomposition of nitrite, which in turn, was a product of biological nitrification. Soil consumption of atmospheric CH sub(4) in the acidified Oxisol was about one-fourth of that in the pH 6 reference soil. Liming did not restore CH sub(4) consumption in the acid soil to rates comparable to those in the reference Oxisol. We conducted a laboratory induction study to determine if incubation of these limed or unlimed acidified soils with high concentrations of CH sub(4) could induce methanotrophic activity. Comparable uptake rates to the control soils were not induced by these incubations. These studies illustrate that management of soil can considerably affect the soil-atmosphere exchange of such trace gases as N sub(2)O and CH sub(4) which can affect global atmospheric properties. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Mosier, A R AU - Delgado, JA AU - Keller, M AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2087 EP - 2098 VL - 30 IS - 14 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emission measurements KW - pH effects KW - Methane KW - Liming KW - Land use KW - Grasslands KW - Soils (acid) KW - Nitrification KW - Tropical environments KW - Nitric oxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16127442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Methane+and+nitrous+oxide+fluxes+in+an+acid+Oxisol+in+western+Puerto+Rico%3A+Effects+of+tillage%2C+liming+and+fertilization&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BDelgado%2C+JA%3BKeller%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2087&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2898%2900085-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Methane; Grasslands; Soils (acid); Nitrification; Liming; Nitric oxide; pH effects; Agriculture; Fertilizers; Nitrous oxide; Tropical environments; Emission measurements; Land use DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00085-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen metabolism in plant/bacteria interactions: Effect of DPI on the pseudo-NAD(P)H oxidase activity of peroxidase AN - 17115060; 4418299 AB - Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) has been used frequently as a specific inhibitor of NADH oxidase activity in studies of plant/pathogen interactions. The present study reports the effect of DPI on the pseudo-oxidative activity of horseradish peroxidase. DPI, like other phenolics, is able to catalytically stimulate NADH oxidation in the presence of exogenous H sub(2)O sub(2). The stimulated NADH oxidation has an acidic pH optimum and has an apparent Km of 111 mu M NADH. The NADH oxidation rate is linearly proportional to [DPI] and the amount of NADH oxidized is proportional to [H sub(2)O sub(2)]. Once exogenous H sub(2)O sub(2) is depleted, the NADH oxidation is abruptly halted until additional H sub(2)O sub(2) is supplied. In some respects DPI appears to mimic the effects of certain anti-oxidants that use HRP to scavenge H sub(2)O sub(2) and NAD(P)H as a reductant. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Baker, C J AU - Deahl, K AU - Domek, J AU - Orlandi, E W AD - Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, 20705, Maryland, cbaker@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/11/18/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 18 SP - 461 EP - 464 PB - Academic Press VL - 252 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - NADH oxidase KW - diphenyleneiodonium KW - inhibitors KW - metabolism KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Peroxidase KW - Plants KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17115060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Oxygen+metabolism+in+plant%2Fbacteria+interactions%3A+Effect+of+DPI+on+the+pseudo-NAD%28P%29H+oxidase+activity+of+peroxidase&rft.au=Baker%2C+C+J%3BDeahl%2C+K%3BDomek%2C+J%3BOrlandi%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-18&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peroxidase; Host-pathogen interactions; Plants; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of polyfunctional glycerol esters: Lipase-Catalyzed esterification of glycerol with diesters AN - 745973742; 12033980 AB - The enzymatic esterification of glycerol with dicarboxylic acids or esters was studied to produce mono- and/or diesterified glycerol adducts. Such materials are useful synthons in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers and surfactants. In this work two strategies were studied for preparing these prepolymeric glycerol derivatives: the lipase-catalyzed esterification of free glycerol with diacids or esters and the reaction of supported or protected glycerol with diesters. For example, reaction of isopropylidene glycerol with dimethyl sebacate gave a >95% yield of isopropylidene glycerol-monomethyl sebacate ester. Reaction of glycerol supported on silica with dimethyl adipate gave a 40% yield of glycerol-monomethyl adipate ester. Best yields of glycerol-mono- and diesters (70% and 10%, respectively) were obtained by direct esterification of free glycerol with a diester in a solvent-free system containing small amounts of water (<4%). JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Villeneuve, P AU - Foglia, T A AU - Mangos, T J AU - Nunez, A AD - the Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, 600 East Mermaid Lane, 19038 Wyndmoor, PA, tfoglia@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1545 EP - 1549 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 75 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Glycerol KW - Silica KW - Esterification KW - Acids KW - Adducts KW - Esters KW - Biodegradability KW - Surfactants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745973742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+polyfunctional+glycerol+esters%3A+Lipase-Catalyzed+esterification+of+glycerol+with+diesters&rft.au=Villeneuve%2C+P%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BMangos%2C+T+J%3BNunez%2C+A&rft.aulast=Villeneuve&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-998-0092-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Silica; Glycerol; Esterification; Adducts; Acids; Esters; Surfactants; Biodegradability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0092-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of various inorganic sorbents to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in broiler chickens. AN - 70081757; 9835335 AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of three inorganic sorbents, S1, S2, and S3, to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxins (AF) and T-2 toxin in male broiler chickens from day of hatch to 21 d of age. The compounds had been reported to bind to AF and T-2 toxin in vitro. S1 and S2 were the same basic compound that had been stored for different lengths of time following activation. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, the appropriate diets were produced to contain no mycotoxins, the specific adsorbent at 0.5% of diet, AF alone at 5 mg/kg of diet, T-2 alone at 8 mg/kg of diet, AF at 5 mg/kg of diet plus the specific sorbent at 0.5% of diet, or T-2 at 8 mg/kg of diet plus the specific sorbent at 0.5% of diet. The specific sorbents used were: 1) Experiment 1, S1; 2) Experiment 2, S1 and S2; and 3) Experiment 3, S3. In Experiments 1 and 3, S1 and S3, respectively, showed no protection against AF or T-2 toxin as measured by BW gain, when compared to AF alone group. In Experiment 2, S1 showed no protection; however S2 reduced the effects of AF on BW gain by 25% as compared to AF alone diet. The data demonstrate that under the conditions of our experiment: 1) one of the sorbents provided some protection against aflatoxicosis; 2) there was variability in protection against aflatoxicosis between two different samples of the same sorbent that had been stored for different lengths of time following activation; 3) protection by the sorbents against the effects of T-2 toxin was not observed. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, R H AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Buckley, S A AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1623 EP - 1630 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Serum Albumin KW - Uric Acid KW - 268B43MJ25 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Serum Albumin -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Animals KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - Animal Feed KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Food Contamination KW - Adsorption KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Uric Acid -- blood KW - Male KW - Aflatoxins -- poisoning KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - T-2 Toxin -- poisoning KW - Chickens KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Aluminum Silicates -- therapeutic use KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70081757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+various+inorganic+sorbents+to+reduce+the+toxicity+of+aflatoxin+and+T-2+toxin+in+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+R+H%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topics in dose-response modeling. AN - 70079045; 9829203 AB - Great uncertainty exists in conducting dose-response assessment for microbial pathogens. The data to support quantitative modeling of dose-response relationships are meager. Our philosophy in developing methodology to conduct microbial risk assessments has been to rely on data analysis and formal inferencing from the available data in constructing dose-response and exposure models. The probability of illness is a complex function of factors associated with the disease triangle: the host, the pathogen, and the environment including the food vehicle and indigenous microbial competitors. The epidemiological triangle and interactions between the components of the triangle are used to illustrate key issues in dose-response modeling that impact the estimation of risk and attendant uncertainty. Distinguishing between uncertainty (what is unknown) and variability (heterogeneity) is crucial in risk assessment. Uncertainty includes components that are associated with (i) parameter estimation for a given assumed model, and (ii) the unknown "true" model form among many plausible alternatives such as the exponential, Beta-Poisson, probit, logistic, and Gompertz. Uncertainty may be grossly understated if plausible alternative models are not tested in the analysis. Examples are presented of the impact of variability and uncertainty on species, strain, or serotype of microbial pathogens; variability in human response to administered doses of pathogens; and effects of threshold and nonthreshold models. Some discussion of the usefulness and limitations of epidemiological data is presented. Criteria for development of surrogate dose-response models are proposed for pathogens for which human data are lacking. Alternative dose-response models which consider biological plausibility are presented for predicting the probability of illness. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Coleman, M AU - Marks, H AD - Office of Public Health and Science, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA. peg.coleman@usda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1550 EP - 1559 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Models, Statistical KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- epidemiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Shigella -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70079045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Topics+in+dose-response+modeling.&rft.au=Coleman%2C+M%3BMarks%2C+H&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating distributions of numbers of organisms in food products. AN - 70073344; 9829201 AB - Procedures of sampling and measurement contribute variability and uncertainty to exposure models that predict incidence and levels of organisms in food products. This paper focuses on methods that account for sampling and measurement error in fitting distributions of organisms in food products for use in exposure models for microbial risk assessment. Define y to be a measured density on a sample selected with stipulated probability from a population, and define x to be the "true" density for that sample. Designate the conditional distribution of y given the sample with "true" value x as g(y/x), and let F(x) be the unknown cumulative density of x. The distribution of the observed values y, h(y), can be expressed through the integral equation h(y) = integral of g(y/x) dF(x). Knowledge of g(y/x) and h(y) enables an estimate of the unknown distribution of the organism's F(x). In applications to risk assessment, use of continuous distributions described by a few parameters is desirable. Also desirable may be imputation or assignment of possible nonzero values for nondetect observations--those results below the limit of detection of the methodology--that may not be truly zero. This paper explores the use of the above formulation for estimating distributions of organisms used for microbial risk assessment and presents some simple examples. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Marks, H AU - Coleman, M AD - Office of Policy, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA. harry.marks@usda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1535 EP - 1540 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Clostridium perfringens -- isolation & purification KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Clostridium perfringens -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Models, Biological KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70073344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Estimating+distributions+of+numbers+of+organisms+in+food+products.&rft.au=Marks%2C+H%3BColeman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional responses of neonatal chicken and turkey heterophils following stimulation by inflammatory agonists. AN - 70062890; 9829397 AB - To determine functional responses of neonatal chicken and turkey heterophils to various inflammatory agonists. 100 one-day-old chickens and turkeys. Blood heterophils were isolated and stimulated for 30 minutes at 39 C with ionomycin, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Functional responses (shape change, adherence, phagocytosis, influx of intracellular calcium, and oxidative burst) of stimulated heterophils were measured and compared with responses of unstimulated (control) heterophils. Turkey and chicken heterophils did not respond to FMLP stimulation. Stimulation of chicken and turkey heterophils with ionomycin resulted in significant increases in adherence, percentage of cells with a shape change, phagocytosis, intracellular calcium concentration, and oxidative burst. Turkey heterophils did not respond to PMA stimulation, whereas stimulation of chicken heterophils with PMA resulted in significant increases in adherence, percentage of cells with a shape change, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst but not intracellular calcium concentration. Stimulation of chicken and turkey heterophils with OZ resulted in significant increases in oxidative burst. Mechanisms regulating initiation of heterophil activation in neonatal chicken and turkey heterophils are consistent with those described for heterophils isolated from mature birds. The biochemical and cytoskeletal systems of neonatal avian heterophils undergo functional alterations following stimulation with inflammatory agonists. Understanding heterophil activation and regulation should eventually lead to methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Kogut, M H AU - Holtzapple, C AU - Lowry, V K AU - Genovese, K AU - Stanker, L H AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1404 EP - 1408 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine KW - 59880-97-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Burst -- drug effects KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine -- pharmacology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Ionomycin -- pharmacology KW - Cell Adhesion -- immunology KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Adhesion -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis -- immunology KW - Inflammation -- veterinary KW - Turkeys -- immunology KW - Immunity, Innate -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology KW - Turkeys -- blood KW - Inflammation -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70062890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Functional+responses+of+neonatal+chicken+and+turkey+heterophils+following+stimulation+by+inflammatory+agonists.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BHoltzapple%2C+C%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BGenovese%2C+K%3BStanker%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice by irradiation. AN - 70023229; 9797319 AB - Three strains (932, Ent-C9490, and SEA13B88) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used to determine the effectiveness of low-dose gamma irradiation for eliminating E. coli O157:H7 from apple juice or cider and to characterize the effect of inducing pH-dependent, stationary-phase acid resistance on radiation resistance. The strains were grown in tryptic soy broth with or without 1% dextrose for 18 h to produce cells that were or were not induced to pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance. The bacteria were then transferred to clarified apple juice and irradiated at 2 degrees C with a cesium-137 irradiator. Non-acid-adapted cells had radiation D values (radiation doses needed to decrease a microbial population by 90%) ranging from 0.12 to 0.21 kGy. D values increased to 0.22 to 0.31 kGy for acid-adapted cells. When acid-adapted SEA13B88 cells were tested in five apple juice brands having different levels of suspended solids (absorbances ranging from 0.04 to 2.01 at 550 nm), radiation resistance increased with increasing levels of suspended solids, with D values ranging from 0.26 to 0.35 kGy. Based on these results, a dose of 1.8 kGy should be sufficient to achieve the 5D inactivation of E. coli recommended by the National Advisory Committee for Microbiological Criteria for Foods. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AU - Snipes, K AU - Boyd, G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 4533 EP - 4535 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gamma Rays KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Species Specificity KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- radiation effects KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Food Irradiation KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70023229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+apple+juice+by+irradiation.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G%3BSnipes%2C+K%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Food Prot. 1999 Mar;62(3):219-28 [10090239] J Food Prot. 1996 Mar;59(3):226-9 [10463437] J Pediatr. 1982 Dec;101(6):963-5 [7143175] JAMA. 1993 May 5;269(17):2217-20 [8474200] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Jan 10;46(1):4-8 [9011776] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Oct;61(10):3752-5 [7487011] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Nov;62(11):4009-13 [8899990] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Nov 8;45(44):975 [8965797] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Aug;59(8):2526-30 [8368839] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of polyhydroxy fatty acids from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21348129; 12033970 AB - Hydroxy fatty acids are important industrial materials. We isolated a microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. ALA2, which converts linoleic acid to many polyhydroxy fatty acids. Structures of the products were determined as: 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic (THOA, main product), 12-[5-ethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]-7,12-dihydroxy-9(Z)-dodecenoic (ETDDA), and 12-[5-ethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]-12-hydroxy-9(Z)-dodecenoic (ETHDA) acid. The yield of THOA was 25% and the relative amount of the products were THOA/ETDDA/ETHDA =9:1.3:1. The structures of the hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids resemble those of plant self-defense substances. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AU - Gardner, Harold AU - Brown, Wanda AD - Bioactive Agents Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois, houct@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1483 EP - 1487 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 75 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Fatty acids KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21348129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Production+of+polyhydroxy+fatty+acids+from+linoleic+acid+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T%3BGardner%2C+Harold%3BBrown%2C+Wanda&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-998-0082-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Fatty acids; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0082-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Carbon Source on Production of alpha -L-Arabinofuranosidase by Aureobasidium pullulans AN - 17570219; 4443072 AB - A color-variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced alpha -L-arabinofuranosidase ( alpha -L-AFase) when grown in liquid culture on sugar beet arabinan, wheat arabinoxylan, L-arabinose, L-arabitol, xylose, xylitol, oat spelt xylan, corn fiber, or arabinogalactan. L-Arabinose was most effective for production of both whole-broth and extracellular alpha -L-AFase activity, followed by L-arabitol. Oat spelt xylan, sugar beet arabinan, xylose, xylitol, and wheat arabinoxylan were intermediate in their ability to support alpha -L-AFase production. Lower amounts of enzyme activity were detected in corn fiber- and arabinogalactan-grown cultures. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 337 EP - 340 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - alpha -Arabinofuranosidase KW - alpha -N- double prime Arabinofuranosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - a-N-Arabinofuranosidase KW - ^a-Arabinofuranosidase KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - Carbon sources KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17570219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Carbon+Source+on+Production+of+alpha+-L-Arabinofuranosidase+by+Aureobasidium+pullulans&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002849900388 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aureobasidium pullulans; Carbon sources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900388 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism and Disposition of 1,4,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Rats AN - 17457997; 4664893 AB - Metabolism studies of 1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a relatively nontoxic dioxin congener, were undertaken to gain a better understanding of mammalian metabolism of dioxins without the problems associated with the use of the most toxic congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. super(14)C-1,4,7,8-TCDD was dosed to conventional and bile-cannulated rats at a level of 8 mg/kg. The super(14)C was excreted almost entirely in 72 hours with the major routes of excretion feces and bile. Metabolites were identified from the feces, bile, and urine by GC-MS or negative ion FAB MS and super(1)H NMR. The two major fecal metabolites were hydroxylated tetra- and triCDDs. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of these hydroxyl metabolites were found in the urine and bile. Minor metabolites included dichlorocatechol, dihydroxylated tetra- and triCDDs, and conjugates of these compounds. JF - Chemosphere AU - Huwe, J K AU - Feil, V J AU - Larsen, G L AU - Wiener, C AD - USDA Biosciences Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 5674 University Station, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1885 EP - 1893 VL - 37 IS - 9-12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - rats KW - toxicokinetics KW - excretion KW - TCDD KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - Gas chromatography KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17457997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Metabolism+and+Disposition+of+1%2C4%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+Rats&rft.au=Huwe%2C+J+K%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BLarsen%2C+G+L%3BWiener%2C+C&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9-12&rft.spage=1885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Chlorinated Dioxins and related Compounds 1996. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins; Gas chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogeny affects response of northern red oak seedlings to elevated CO sub(2) and water stress: II. Recent photosynthate distribution and growth AN - 17354704; 4533693 JF - New Phytologist AU - Tomlinson, P T AU - Anderson, P D AD - USFS, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 5985, Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, ptomlins/nc.th@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 493 EP - 504 VL - 140 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Northern red oak KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Water stress KW - Quercus rubra KW - Plant Growth KW - Resource allocation KW - Ontogeny KW - Seedlings KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Oak Trees KW - Water Stress KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17354704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Ontogeny+affects+response+of+northern+red+oak+seedlings+to+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+water+stress%3A+II.+Recent+photosynthate+distribution+and+growth&rft.au=Tomlinson%2C+P+T%3BAnderson%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus rubra; Oak Trees; Seedlings; Carbon Dioxide; Water Stress; Plant Growth; Ontogeny; Water stress; Resource allocation; Growth; Atmospheric conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Candida arabinofermentans, a new L-arabinose fermenting yeast AN - 17353468; 4502238 AB - Candida arabinofermentans (type strain NRRL YB-2248, CBS 8468), a new yeast that ferments the pentose L-arabinose, is described. The three known strains of this new species were isolated from insect frass of pine and larch trees in the U.S. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from the D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA places C. arabinofermentans among the methanol-assimilating yeasts and most closely related to Candida ovalis. Strains of the new species produce 0.7-1.9 g/l ethanol from L-arabinose. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Kurtzman, C P AU - Dien, B S AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 74 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - new species KW - L-arabinose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Candida arabinofermentans KW - Taxonomy KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17353468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Candida+arabinofermentans%2C+a+new+L-arabinose+fermenting+yeast&rft.au=Kurtzman%2C+C+P%3BDien%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1001799607871 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida arabinofermentans; Fermentation; Taxonomy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001799607871 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal metabolites (monorden, monocillin IV, and cerebrosides) from Humicola fuscoatra traaen NRRL 22980, a mycoparasite of Aspergillus flavus sclerotia AN - 17288842; 4526397 AB - The mycoparasite Humicola fuscoatra NRRL 22980 was isolated from a sclerotium of Aspergillus flavus that had been buried in a cornfield near Tifton, Ga. When grown on autoclaved rice, this fungus produced the antifungal metabolites monorden, monocillin IV, and a new monorden analog. Each metabolite produced a clear zone of inhibition surrounding paper assay disks on agar plates seeded with conidia of A. flavus. Monorden was twice as inhibitory to A. flavus mycelium extension (MIC > 28 mu g/ml) as monocillin IV (MIC > 56 mu g/ml). Cerebrosides C and D, metabolites known to potentiate the activity of cell wall-active antibiotics, were separated from the ethyl acetate extract but were not inhibitory to A. flavus when tested as pure compounds. This is the first report of natural products from H. fuscoatra. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Joshi, B K AU - Gamble, W R AU - Gloer, J B AU - Dowd, P F AD - Bioactive Agents Research, REE, ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, wicklodt@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 4482 EP - 4484 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cerebroside C KW - Cerebroside D KW - Monocillin IV KW - Monorden KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Conidia KW - Humicola fuscoatra KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03042:Protozoa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17288842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antifungal+metabolites+%28monorden%2C+monocillin+IV%2C+and+cerebrosides%29+from+Humicola+fuscoatra+traaen+NRRL+22980%2C+a+mycoparasite+of+Aspergillus+flavus+sclerotia&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T%3BJoshi%2C+B+K%3BGamble%2C+W+R%3BGloer%2C+J+B%3BDowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Humicola fuscoatra; Drug sensitivity testing; Conidia; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snag Recruitment in Subalpine Forests AN - 17239926; 4516872 AB - Information on snag locations and densities is useful for managing many species of wildlife. Using a combination of belt transects, fixed plots, and aerial photographs, we recorded snag species, locations, and causal agents of tree mortality in subalpine forests in the Entiat watershed in Washington State. The overall snag density (all standing dead trees) was 51 per hectare. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) were the most common species of snags. Weather-related effects created more snags than any other disturbance in the period between stand-replacing fires. The density of dominant and codominant snags did not differ by aspect or slope categories, but the density of intermediate and suppressed snags was highest on steep south-facing slopes. Snag densities were lowest in stand initiation and open stem exclusion structural stages. More study is needed to determine if fire history data combined with aerial photo interpretation offer a potential method of estimating snag densities in subalpine forests. JF - Northwest Science AU - Flanagan, P T AU - Morgan, P AU - Everett, R L AD - Wenatchee Field Office, USDA Forest Service, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801-5933, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 303 EP - 309 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Abundance KW - Stand structure KW - Forests KW - Species composition KW - Snags KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Snag+Recruitment+in+Subalpine+Forests&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+P+T%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BEverett%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abundance; Forests; Snags; Weather; Stand structure; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management and Condition of Watersheds in Southeast Alaska: The Persistence of Anadromous Salmon AN - 17233324; 4516867 AB - In contrast to most of North America and Europe, numerous intact or lightly disturbed watersheds are present throughout southeast Alaska. These watersheds support abundant and diverse populations of anadromous salmonids. While the watersheds throughout the northern hemisphere have been exposed to human disturbance from millennia to centuries, significant human disturbance to the watersheds of southeast Alaska did not begin until the 1950's with the start of industrial logging. Although management of watersheds has evolved to reduce risks to aquatic habitat, the most intensive logging occurred during the first 20 years of timber harvest when few restraints were placed on timber harvest in watersheds. As a result, a legacy of streams with deteriorating habitat remains. While few salmon stocks in southeast Alaska appear to be in decline, escapement records on specific watersheds, particularly those most severely affected by management are non-existent or qualitative. The present status of salmon stocks may be attributed to abundant intact watersheds, high marine survival, and escapement levels that fully seed most watersheds. The numerous intact watersheds throughout southeast Alaska are a critical factor in maintaining sustainable salmon stocks in southeast Alaska. JF - Northwest Science AU - Bryant, MD AU - Everest, F H AD - Aquatic/Land Interactions Research Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, 2770 Sherwood Ln., 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 249 EP - 267 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Salmonids KW - USA, Alaska KW - USA, Alaska, southeast KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Anadromous fish KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Watersheds KW - Logging KW - Fishery management KW - Deterioration KW - Watershed management KW - Salmonidae KW - Salmon KW - Stock assessment KW - Escapement KW - Fish populations KW - Nature conservation KW - Disturbance KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Management+and+Condition+of+Watersheds+in+Southeast+Alaska%3A+The+Persistence+of+Anadromous+Salmon&rft.au=Bryant%2C+MD%3BEverest%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Fishery management; Anadromous fish; Stock assessment; Nature conservation; Deterioration; Escapement; Watersheds; Salmon; Disturbance; Fish populations; Watershed management; Aquatic habitats; Salmonidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective deletions involving the organophosphorus hydrolase gene adpB from Nocardia strain B-1 AN - 17230174; 4504449 AB - The organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) of Nocardia sp. strain B-1 is capable of hydrolyzing organophosphate insecticides such as coumaphos and parathion. The 40,000 dalton OPH and the responsible gene (termed adpB) have been previously isolated and described. OPH activity in Nocardia strain B-1 is spontaneously lost at high frequency during the growth of laboratory cultures. In order to understand the genetic basis of this phenomenon, hybridization experiments were performed in which digested genomic DNAs from OPH negative derivatives were probed with BstE1 and BamH1 restriction fragments containing adpB and regions flanking this gene. These experiments revealed that a region containing adpB was missing in all OPH negative derivatives. However, these OPH negative derivatives were shown to contain sequences that hybridized to probes for DNA regions flanking adpB. On the basis of the hybridization patterns from thirteen OPH negative derivatives, there are two primary types of deletions with their sizes ranging from 33 kb to greater than 35.5 kb. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Mulbry, W AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 213 EP - 217 VL - 153 IS - 3 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - adpB gene KW - organophosphorus hydrolase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Insecticides KW - Nocardia KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17230174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Selective+deletions+involving+the+organophosphorus+hydrolase+gene+adpB+from+Nocardia+strain+B-1&rft.au=Mulbry%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mulbry&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nocardia; Insecticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation on Atlantic Salmon Smolts by Striped Bass after Dam Passage AN - 17215300; 4502394 AB - We documented predation on smolts of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar by striped bass Morone saxatilis foraging in the tailrace of the Essex Dam on the Merrimack River, Lawrence, Massachusetts, and assessed factors that may affect smolt susceptibility to predation. During 6 d of diurnal angling from 6 to 28 May, we captured 212 striped bass, 41 of which contained prey remains. More than 48% of striped bass that contained prey had consumed smolts. Atlantic salmon smolts composed more than 80% of the total mass of prey remains recovered and included both individuals of stocked-fry and stocked-smolt origin. Based on information from this pilot study, a focused investigation of striped bass predation on smolts after passage of the Essex Dam began in 1998. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Juanes, F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio 44870-9660, USA., nwrcsanduskyrbcg.com Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 936 EP - 939 PB - American Fisheries Society VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Atlantic salmon KW - Rockfish KW - USA, Massachusetts, Merrimack R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Salmon KW - Juveniles KW - Predation KW - Prey selection KW - Fish passages KW - Tailrace KW - Salmo salar KW - Bass KW - Morone saxatilis KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Dams KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Predation+on+Atlantic+Salmon+Smolts+by+Striped+Bass+after+Dam+Passage&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BJuanes%2C+F&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juveniles; Feeding behaviour; Dams; Predation; Prey selection; Salmon; Tailrace; Fish passages; Bass; Morone saxatilis; Salmo salar; USA, Massachusetts, Merrimack R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen mineralization across a climosequence in the pacific northwest AN - 17213943; 4486914 AB - Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations could be improved by better estimates of N mineralized (N sub(min)) from soil organic matter. Application of more or less N than required by the plant can result in detrimental effects on plant nutrition, the environment and producer economics. A range of soils spanning a climosequence (700 mm annual precipitation), were sampled, in 20 cm depth increments, to evaluate Nmin along an 80 km transect in northeastern Oregon. Soils were incubated at 25 degree C with or without addition of wheat residue, for a maximum of 112 d. In 112 d, cropped soils (0-20 cm) mineralized from 28 to 61 mg N kg super(-1), depending on the annual precipitation at the sampling site. Uncultivated silt loam soils at paired sampling sites, mineralized twice as much N at moderate and high rainfall sites, as did cultivated silt loam soils. Residue addition resulted in net N immobilization, and decreased the total amount of N sub(min) an average of 33% in 112 d for both cropped and native soils. Net mineralization with depth in dryland native soils was greater than in cropped soils. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Douglas, CL Jr AU - Rasmussen, P E AU - Collins, H P AU - Albrecht, S L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1765 EP - 1772 VL - 30 IS - 13 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - USA, Oregon KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Organic matter KW - Mineralization KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+mineralization+across+a+climosequence+in+the+pacific+northwest&rft.au=Douglas%2C+CL+Jr%3BRasmussen%2C+P+E%3BCollins%2C+H+P%3BAlbrecht%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mineralization; Organic matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of N-linked oligosaccharides of glomalin from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soils by capillary electrophoresis AN - 17208246; 4486924 AB - We have shown that glomalin from AM hyphae has N-linked oligosaccharides, thus confirming the glycoprotein nature of this molecule. A strong similarity between glomalin and glycoprotein from soils is indicated. Further analysis of the molecular structure of proteins from hyphae and soil will be necessary to show definitively whether soil protein is the same as AM fungus hyphal protein and whether small differences in AM fungus hyphal glomalin occur. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Wright, S F AU - Upadhyaya, A AU - Buyer, J S AD - USDA-ARS-Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, Building 001, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1853 EP - 1857 VL - 30 IS - 13 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - glomalin KW - glycoproteins KW - oligosaccharides KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Soil KW - Soil microorganisms KW - D 04600:Soil KW - K 03030:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17208246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+N-linked+oligosaccharides+of+glomalin+from+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi+and+soils+by+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.au=Wright%2C+S+F%3BUpadhyaya%2C+A%3BBuyer%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Soil microorganisms; Mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application and evaluation of male-specific bacteriophage as a process integrity or faecal contamination indicator in a pork slaughterhouse environment AN - 17190138; 4469825 AB - A male-specific bacteriophage plaque assay was evaluated as a faecal contamination or process integrity indicator for aspects of the pork slaughter process. Over 400 samples were tested including: sponge swabs from animal hauling trailer floors and dressed carcass surfaces; faecal material; water from slaughter sites; and water from each stage of wastewater treatment. Bacteriophage were observed in wastewater, trailers, slaughter process water and swine faeces. No bacteriophage were observed on dressed carcasses. Numbers of phage plaque-forming units per gram or millilitre showed greater variation and were usually lower than standard indicators, including total coliform or Escherichia coli counts. Among the applications studied, male-specific bacteriophage appear to be best suited for process control verification for wastewater treatment. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Miller, A J AU - Eblen, B S AU - Oser, A AU - Burkhardt, W III AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA, amiller@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 898 EP - 904 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Escherichia coli KW - abattoirs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Phages KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Water pollution KW - Fecal microflora KW - Food processing industry KW - Indicator species KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17190138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Application+and+evaluation+of+male-specific+bacteriophage+as+a+process+integrity+or+faecal+contamination+indicator+in+a+pork+slaughterhouse+environment&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J%3BEblen%2C+B+S%3BOser%2C+A%3BBurkhardt%2C+W+III&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=898&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Wastewater treatment; Food processing industry; Indicator species; Water pollution; Microbial contamination; Phages; Fecal microflora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of 3-methyl-1-butanol and ammonia identified from Enterobacter agglomerans to Anastrepha suspensa AN - 17188859; 4469968 AB - Tests demonstrated that volatile chemicals emitted from Enterobacter agglomerans, a bacterium that has been isolated from adults as well as fruit infested with larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) and other pest fruit flies, are attractive to female A. suspensa in laboratory bioassays. 3-Methyl-1-butanol and ammonia were identified as the two primary volatile chemicals released from active cultures of E. agglomerans. No 3-methyl-1-butanol and little ammonia (16.0 mu g/hr) are released from sterile tryptic soy agar plates. E. agglomerans-inoculated tryptic soy agar plates, however, released an average of 1.5 plus or minus 0.53 mu g/hr 3-methyl-1-butanol and 332.9 plus or minus 239.16 mu g/hr ammonia after 24 hr of growth. 3-Methyl-1-butanol lures were formulated in a membrane-based system to provide a constant release rate of synthetic chemical. Release rates ranged from 0.046 plus or minus 0.007 to 12.16 plus or minus 2.76 mu g/hr. In laboratory tests, equal numbers of females were captured in response to ammonium carbonate lures that released ammonia at the rate of 100 mu g/hr and to 3-methyl-1-butanol lures that released 12.16 plus or minus 2.756 mu g/hr of synthetic material. The combination of the two lures was more attractive than ammonia alone. Availability of lures formulated for a range of 3-methyl-1-butanol release rates will facilitate field tests of this putative microbial attractant and may lead to a better understanding of the role of bacteria in the ecology of pest fruit flies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R AU - Dueben, B D AU - Lauzon, C R AU - Proveaux, A T AU - MacCollom, G B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 3-Methyl-1-butanol KW - Caribbean fruit fly KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ammonia KW - Pest control KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - Attractants KW - Pests KW - Bacteria KW - Attractancy KW - Volatiles KW - Enterobacter agglomerans KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17188859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+3-methyl-1-butanol+and+ammonia+identified+from+Enterobacter+agglomerans+to+Anastrepha+suspensa&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BLauzon%2C+C+R%3BProveaux%2C+A+T%3BMacCollom%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Enterobacter agglomerans; Tephritidae; Attractancy; Pests; Volatiles; Pest control; Ammonia; Attractants; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and structural identification of sucrose esters from corn spurrey (Spergula arvensis); inhibition of seed germination AN - 17188137; 4469964 AB - Polar as well as nonpolar extracts of Spergula arvensis (corn spurrey) were shown to cause inhibition of seed germination. The polar methylene chloride extracts were subjected to solvent partitioning and separations by a combination of silicic acid and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. All chromatographic fractions were monitored by a proso-millet seed germination assay, which resulted in the isolation of a group of sucrose esters (SE). The identity of the ester acids was determined by gas chromatography (GC) of their butyl esters. Further characterization of the SE by GC-mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl derivatives showed the presence of four different SE groups with two to seven acyl groups attached to sucrose. The SE isomers in greatest abundance contained either octanoic or dodecanoic acid along with two smaller branched-chain acids (butanoic and pentanoic acids). All four SE groups were inhibitory to seed germination. This is the first report of SE outside the family Solanaceae. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Peterson, J K AU - Snook, ME AU - Harrison, HF Jr AU - Mason, P F AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, South Carolina 29414, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Spergula arvensis KW - Seed germination KW - Plant extracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17188137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+structural+identification+of+sucrose+esters+from+corn+spurrey+%28Spergula+arvensis%29%3B+inhibition+of+seed+germination&rft.au=Peterson%2C+J+K%3BSnook%2C+ME%3BHarrison%2C+HF+Jr%3BMason%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spergula arvensis; Seed germination; Plant extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation water effects on infiltration rate in the northern Great Plains AN - 17187048; 4477365 AB - Supplemental irrigation is expanding in the Northern Great Plains. Limited access to water of suitable quality for sustained irrigation and uncertainty about the impact of the use of marginal water on the soil resource will limit adoption of this practice. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and amount on the infiltration rate, Q, at 50, 100, and 150 mm tensions, (h), and to relate the change in Q to changes in soil salinity and sodicity caused by irrigation. Tension infiltrometers were used to determine Q for soils at two sites in central North Dakota. Each site had 18 nonweighing lysimeters supporting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) that had been irrigated at three levels of irrigation (1ET, 2ET, and 3ET) for at least 10 years with either good quality surface water [electrical conductivity (EC) 0.1 S m super(-1), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 4] or poor quality simulated groundwater (EC 0.34 S m super(-1), SAR 16). At the site having sandy soils, Q, averaged over irrigation levels, was greater [Q(50) = 5.34 mu m s super(-1), Q(100) = 3.74 mu m s super(-1), Q(150) = 2.96 mu m s super(-1)] in soils irrigated with good quality water than in soils irrigated with poor quality water [Q(50) = 3.06 mu m s super(-1), Q(100) = 2.31 mu m s super(-1), Q(150) = 2.01 mu m s super(-1)]. Level of irrigation had no effect. At the site having loam textured soils Q was lower under the two higher irrigation levels than under the 1ET level, likely the result of greater replacement of divalent cations with Na super(+) at the higher leaching rates. At this site Q, averaged over irrigation levels, were greater [Q(50) = 3.08 mu m s super(-1), Q(100) = 2.55 mu m s super(-1), Q(150) = 2.02 mu m s super(-1)] in soils irrigated with good quality water than in soils irrigated with poor quality water [K(50) = 2.05 mu m s super(-1), K(100) = 1.63 mu m s super(-1), K(150) = 1.28 mu m s super(-1)]. Reductions in Q were directly related to increases in soil SAR (e.g., at the 1ET level of irrigation, SAR = 3 in soil irrigated with good quality water and SAR = 6 in soil irrigated with poor quality water) resulting from irrigation. These results suggest that these sulfatic soils are sensitive to Na super(+) -induced deterioration. Soil physical deterioration was apparent at SARs much lower than the SAR 13 used to describe soils as sodic. Soil water compatibility in these soils is critical for sustainable irrigation. JF - Soil Science AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Trooien, T P AD - USDA.ARS-NPA, 119 Keim Hall, East Campus, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA, bwienholsuper(n)linfo.unl.edu Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 853 EP - 858 VL - 163 IS - 11 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, Northern Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Infiltration rate KW - Infiltrometers KW - Available water KW - Irrigation KW - Lysimeters KW - Water quality KW - Impaired water use KW - Soil water KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17187048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Irrigation+water+effects+on+infiltration+rate+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BTrooien%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infiltration rate; Infiltrometers; Available water; Irrigation; Lysimeters; Water quality; Impaired water use; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field measurement of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of a macroporous soil with unstable subsoil structure AN - 17185404; 4477364 AB - A field method for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity, K sub(s), was developed to characterize water flow in highly-weathered soils of Sitiung, Indonesia. Soils in this area are known to absorb large volumes of rainwater rapidly. However, K sub(s) data obtained on soil cores do not corroborate field-observed rapid infiltration rates. In the field method, a constant rate irrigation was applied to a field plot, delineated to a depth of 120 cm, and bordered on the surface to contain a depth of ponded water. The rate of irrigation was sufficient to maintain the ponding depth at a constant level as well as cause water to overflow from the ponded surface. The diffrence between the steady-state irrigation and overflow rates was considered to be the instantaneous flux and was assumed applicable to all depths. Simultaneous tensiometric measurements of pressure head as a function of depth provided the hydraulic gradients needed for calculation of K sub(s) using Darcy's law. Hydraulic gradients deviated considerably from unity, and soil saturation did not exceed 92% of porosity. Laboratory-measured K sub(s) values for the stablestructured topsoil agreed well with the field data. However, those for the subsoil were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the field-measured values. The susceptibility of the subsoil to compaction during core extraction and slaking when in contact with free water appeared to be responsible for the highly reduced rates of flow in the laboratory samples. The subsoil pore structure was preserved only as long as it was overlain by the stable structured topsoil. Results suggest that measurements of water flow on small soil cores may, in some cases, be of questionable value. The field method provided accurate in situ data on plot-size areas. The field plot method used in this study causes minimal disturbance of the soil while the effects of sample confinement and overburden are represented fully in the measurements. JF - Soil Science AU - Arya, L M AU - Dieroll, T S AU - Sofyan, A AU - Widjaja-Adhi, IPG AU - van Genuchten, MT AD - Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Project, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, laryasuper(s)sl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 841 EP - 852 VL - 163 IS - 11 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Indonesia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ponding KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Infiltration rate KW - Soil properties KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Field tests KW - Saturation KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17185404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Field+measurement+of+the+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity+of+a+macroporous+soil+with+unstable+subsoil+structure&rft.au=Arya%2C+L+M%3BDieroll%2C+T+S%3BSofyan%2C+A%3BWidjaja-Adhi%2C+IPG%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+MT&rft.aulast=Arya&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ponding; Permeability coefficient; Infiltration rate; Hydraulic properties; Soil properties; Field tests; Saturation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment: A means for linking HACCP plans and public health AN - 17175727; 4476335 AB - HACCP plan adoption has greatly enhanced the food industry's ability to systematically design programs to ensure the microbiological safety of foods. Yet, this widening acceptance of the HACCP system has revealed several areas where its application is limited due to reliance on qualitative consideration of hazards and their control. In particular, HACCP planning is limited both conceptually and practically by its inability to quantify the potential combined influence of multiple control-point deviations and to relate the successful operation of a HACCP system to a measurable public-health impact. Recent advances in quantitative microbiological risk assessment appear to offer a means of overcoming these limitations. The integration of HACCP plans with the development of dynamic risk-assessment models offers a means for considering the entire farm-to-table continuum and for relating food-manufacturing operations to public health goals. Such capabilities may be critical to establishing equivalence among HACCP systems. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Whiting, R C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA, rwhiting@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1531 EP - 1534 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - HACCP KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Food processing industry KW - Quality control KW - Microbial contamination KW - Public health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment%3A+A+means+for+linking+HACCP+plans+and+public+health&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Food processing industry; Risk assessment; Public health; Microbial contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundances of small mammals in fir forests in northeastern California AN - 17172512; 4477040 AB - We compared abundances of seven species of forest rodents among three types of fir (Abies concolor and A. magnifica) forest: unlogged old-growth, unlogged mature, and shelterwood-logged old-growth. Small mammals were livetrapped during summers 1991 and 1992 in four grids within each type of forest; grids were located in the Lassen National Forest in northeastern California. Shelterwood-logged forests had been logged 6-7 years previously. Differences in capture rates between unlogged, old-growth and shelterwood-logged, old-growth forests suggest that logging led to significant increases in populations of golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus), and lodgepole chipmunks (Tamias speciosus) but may have led to reduced populations of western red-backed voles (Clethrionomys californicus). Capture rates of Douglas' squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasii), Allen's chipmunks (Tamias senex), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did not differ significantly between unlogged and shelterwood-logged forests. Capture rate of T. douglasii was significantly greater in mature forests than in old-growth forests in 1992, but we did not detect significant differences between old-growth and mature forests for the other six species. These results illustrate how opening of the canopy and disturbance of the forest floor can lead to significant changes in patterns of abundance of forest rodents. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Waters, J R AU - Zabel, C J AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1244 EP - 1253 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Fir KW - Rodents KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Logging KW - Abundance KW - Abies KW - Forests KW - Rodentia KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17172512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Abundances+of+small+mammals+in+fir+forests+in+northeastern+California&rft.au=Waters%2C+J+R%3BZabel%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies; Rodentia; Abundance; Forests; Logging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of time and nest-site characteristics on concealment of songbird nests AN - 17161098; 4470093 AB - We studied the effect of time and nest-site characteristics on nest concealment measurements and analyzed differences in concealment between parasitized, nonparasitized, depredated, and fledged nests. Mean concealment at nests of three old-field bird species was best explained by bird species, nest plant, and height of the nest. Nests lost concealment over time, particularly those placed high in shrubs or roses (Rosa spp.). Mean and minimum concealment did not explain occurrence of predation or brood parasitism for any of the three bird species, and concealment at parasitized versus unparasitized nests and depredated versus fledged nests did not change differently over time. A literature review showed that most studies of real passerine nests using visual nest concealment have taken measurements after nest termination, and few studies indicated that concealment was important in explaining nest predation or brood parasitism. Late concealment measurements may be an additional source of error in nesting studies, especially if predation or parasitism is more likely to occur at nests sharing similar vegetation characteristics. JF - Condor AU - Burhans, DE AU - Thompson, III AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 ABNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7260, USA, dburhans/nc_co@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 663 EP - 672 VL - 100 IS - 4 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Birds KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Measuring techniques KW - Predation KW - Aves KW - Breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Y 25506:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17161098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Effects+of+time+and+nest-site+characteristics+on+concealment+of+songbird+nests&rft.au=Burhans%2C+DE%3BThompson%2C+III&rft.aulast=Burhans&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Breeding success; Predation; Measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth requirements for production of stable cells of the bioherbicidal bacterium Xanthomonas campestris AN - 17150677; 4446840 AB - Xanthomonas campestris MB245, a specific pathogen of the weedy grass Poa annua (annual bluegrass), is being developed as a bioherbicide to control this pest in turf. Nutritional and environmental factors were evaluated based on their ability to support rapid submerged culture growth and high cell yield. Temperature optima for the growth of X. campestris cells in submerged culture were between 27 and 30 degree C. At 30 degree C, optimal nutritional conditions for X. campestris growth supported generation times of 150-175 min and cell yields after 24 h growth of 1-2 X 10 super(10) cells ml super(-1). Media containing sucrose or glucose as the carbon source and various organic nitrogen sources supported optimal X. campestris growth and cell yield. The addition of vitamin mixtures to complex and defined media had no significant effect on growth or cell yield. The age of X. campestris cultures had a significant impact on cell survival after freeze drying. Following freeze drying, log phase cell survival (44%) was significantly lower than early and late stationary phase cell survival, 62% and 68%, respectively. Cells harvested in stationary phase, freeze dried and stored under vacuum at 4 degree C, showed no significant loss in viability after 6 months. Thus, high cell concentrations of the bioherbicide X. campestris can be rapidly produced in submerged culture and stabilized as freeze-dried preparations. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Jackson, MA AU - Frymier, J S AU - Wilkinson, B J AU - Zorner, P AU - Evans, S AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 237 EP - 241 VL - 21 IS - 4-5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Nutrient requirements KW - Biological control KW - Freeze-drying KW - Environmental factors KW - Poa annua KW - Temperature effects KW - Media KW - Herbicides KW - Xanthomonas campestris KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17150677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Growth+requirements+for+production+of+stable+cells+of+the+bioherbicidal+bacterium+Xanthomonas+campestris&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA%3BFrymier%2C+J+S%3BWilkinson%2C+B+J%3BZorner%2C+P%3BEvans%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poa annua; Xanthomonas campestris; Biological control; Nutrient requirements; Media; Herbicides; Temperature effects; Freeze-drying; Environmental factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars using a novel ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain AN - 17139566; 4439235 AB - We developed a novel xylose-utilizing ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR3 with the potential for fermentation of mixed sugars from lignocellulosic hydrolysates into ethanol in an antibiotic-free media. This stain carries the plasmid pLO1297 which contains the genes from Zymomonas mobilis necessary for efficiently converting pyruvate into ethanol. Strain FBR3 selectively maintains pLO1297 when grown anaerobically. Cultures of strain FBR3 were serially transferred ten times in aerobic and anaerobic cultures containing either glucose or xylose with no selective antibiotic. An average of 97.4 plus or minus 3.5% of the cells maintained pLO1297 in anaerobic cultures. In contrast, the plasmid quickly disappeared from aerobic cultures. Plasmid maintenance depends upon deletion of two enzyme activities: pyruvate formate lyase (pfl) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). The stability of the pfl mutation was confirmed by the absence of hydrogen gas production, an indirect assay for pfl activity, in each of the cultures. The FBR3 strain was transferred on xylose-containing medium and tested in pH-controlled batch fermentations for efficient conversion of pentoses and hexoses into ethanol. The batch medium contained either 10% (w/v) arabinose, glucose, xylose, or a mixture of these sugars. Fermentations were completed in 70-80 h and ethanol yields were 90-91% of theoretical; maximum ethanol concentrations were 4.38-4.66% (w/v). The fermentation performance of the new FBR3 strain compared favorably to the previously reported performance of strain K011. JF - Enzyme and Microbial Technology AU - Dien, B S AU - Hespell, R B AU - Wyckoff, HA AU - Bothast, R J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ntl. Ctr. for Agricul. Utilization Res., Fermentation Biochemistry Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604 USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 366 EP - 371 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0141-0229, 0141-0229 KW - hexose KW - pentose KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Aerobic conditions KW - Media KW - Fermentation KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enzyme+and+Microbial+Technology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+hexose+and+pentose+sugars+using+a+novel+ethanologenic+Escherichia+coli+strain&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BHespell%2C+R+B%3BWyckoff%2C+HA%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Enzyme+and+Microbial+Technology&rft.issn=01410229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Media; Anaerobic conditions; Aerobic conditions; Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scramble competition in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis AN - 17136483; 4441550 AB - The nature of intraspecific competition was investigated in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, a highly destructive pest of pine forests in the southern U.S.A. Data were analysed from an observational study of naturally-attacked trees, and from field experiments where attack density was manipulated by adding different numbers of beetles to caged trees. The effect of attack density on gallery construction, oviposition, brood survival, and the overall rate of increase was examined, and a flexible model of intraspecific competition used to classify the type of competition (contest or scramble) at different points in the life cycle. The results of these analyses suggest that contest competition occurs during gallery construction and oviposition, in accord with previous work on D. frontalis. Strong scramble competition occurs later on in development, however, and the overall competitive process is better characterized as scramble competition, similar to other bark beetles. Trees with attack densities sufficiently high to produce significant competition are common in the field. JF - Ecological Entomology AU - Reeve, J D AU - Rhodes, D J AU - Turchin, P AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA, jreeve/r8_kisatchie@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 433 EP - 443 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0307-6946, 0307-6946 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Southern pine beetle KW - USA KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Pests KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - Competition KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Entomology&rft.atitle=Scramble+competition+in+the+southern+pine+beetle%2C+Dendroctonus+frontalis&rft.au=Reeve%2C+J+D%3BRhodes%2C+D+J%3BTurchin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Entomology&rft.issn=03076946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; Pests; Population density; Forests; Competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic transformation of Pseudomonas oleovorans by electroporation AN - 17132479; 4433550 AB - An electroporation procedure for the transformation of Pseudomonas oleovorans was developed using a model plasmid, pCN51. The optimal electrotransformation was achieved with cells harvested at 45 to 60 min of growth and concentrated to a cell density of 5 OD sub(600nm), plasmid concentration of 6 mu g per 100 mu l of cell suspension, and a 0.1-cm gap-width cuvette. Electroporation was performed at the settings of 250 Omega , 25 mu F and 2.5 kV. Transformation yields in the order of 10 super(3) colony-forming-unit per electroporation sample were obtained. This is a first report of the electroporation of the commercially valuable bacterium Ps. oleovorans. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, NAA, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 829 EP - 832 VL - 12 IS - 11 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - plasmid pCN51 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Electroporation KW - Pseudomonas oleovorans KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Genetic+transformation+of+Pseudomonas+oleovorans+by+electroporation&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas oleovorans; Transformation; Electroporation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistics of sediment transport in Goodwin Creek AN - 17131630; 4431692 AB - Sand and gravel transport were sampled in flow rates from just above to several times the critical shear stress of the bed material at two sites on Goodwin Creek, Mississippi. Transport rates representative of the channel cross section were calculated from these samples. The standard deviations of the transport rates were approximately equal to the mean for transport rates grouped by bed shear stress. Normalized probability density functions defined for the transport rates were most closely approximated by a gamma form of the probability function. The probable accuracy in the prediction of the time-averaged transport rate for a given number of measured transport rates can be calculated from this information. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Kuhnle, R A AU - Willis, J C AD - Nat. Sedimentation Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Service, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1109 EP - 1114 VL - 124 IS - 11 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - USA, Mississippi, Goodwin Creek KW - statistics KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Gravel KW - Cross-sections KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Flow rates KW - Channels KW - Bed load KW - Sand KW - Sediment transport KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Statistics+of+sediment+transport+in+Goodwin+Creek&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A%3BWillis%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Rivers; Gravel; Bed load; Sand; Sediment transport; Cross-sections; Hydraulic properties; Flow rates; USA, Mississippi, Goodwin Creek ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved film properties of radiation-treated medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) AN - 17131370; 4436343 AB - Medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs) were synthesized from coconut oil (PHA-C), tallow (PHA-T), and soybean oil (PHA-S) by bacterial fermentation using Pseudomonas resinovorans as the producer strain. Films were solution-cast and subjected to 50 kGy of gamma -irradiation. This resulted in crosslink formation based on the number of olefinic groups present in the polymer side-chains. In each case, radiation improved the tensile strength (104% and 63%), percent elongation (49% and 13%), and Young's modulus (30% and 76%) of PHA-C and PHA-T films, respectively. The greatest effect was on PHA-S, which was converted from an amorphous, liquid-like material to a solid elastomeric film. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AU - Liu, Ching-Kung AU - Hampson, J W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, rashby@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1047 EP - 1052 VL - 20 IS - 11 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - polyhydroxyalkanoic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Radiation KW - Fermentation KW - gamma Radiation KW - Coconut oil KW - Biofilms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Improved+film+properties+of+radiation-treated+medium-chain-length+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29&rft.au=Ashby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BLiu%2C+Ching-Kung%3BHampson%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiation; Fermentation; Coconut oil; Biofilms; gamma Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream amphibians as indicators of ecosystem stress: A case study from California's redwoods AN - 17128272; 4430885 AB - Road construction of the Redwood National Park highway bypass resulted in a large accidental infusion of fine sediments into pristine streams in Prairie Creek State Park, California, during an October 1989 storm event. This incident provided a natural experiment where we could measure, compare, and evaluate native stream amphibian densities as indicators of stream ecosystem stress. We employed a habitat-based, stratified sampling design to assess the impacts of these sediments on the densities of aquatic amphibians in five impacted streams by comparing them with densities in five adjacent, unimpacted (control) streams. Three species were sampled in numbers sufficient to be informative: tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei, larvae), Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus, paedomorphs and larvae), and southern torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton variegatus, adults and larvae). Densities of amphibians were significantly lower in the streams impacted by sediment. While sediment effects were species specific, reflecting differential use of stream microhabitats, the shared vulnerability of these species to infusions of fine sediments is probably the result of their common reliance on interstitial spaces in the streambed matrix for critical life requisites, such as cover and foraging. Many stream-dwelling amphibians are highly philopatric and long-lived, and they exist in relatively stable populations. These attributes make them more tractable and reliable indicators of potential biotic diversity in stream ecosystems than anadromous fish or macroinvertebrates, and their relative abundance can be a useful indicator of stream condition. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Welsh, HH Jr AU - Ollivier, L M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1118 EP - 1132 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Amphibians KW - Ascaphus truei KW - Dicamptodon tenebrosus KW - Giant salamanders KW - Highway construction KW - Olympic salamanders KW - Prairie Creek State Park KW - Rhyacotriton variegatus KW - Tailed frog KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Prairie Creek State Park KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Ecosystems KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Population density KW - Indicators KW - Habitat selection KW - Sedimentation KW - Highways KW - Bioindicators KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Rivers KW - Freshwater environments KW - Environmental impact KW - Larvae KW - Stress KW - Civil engineering KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Road construction KW - Pollution monitoring KW - National parks KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Streams KW - Case studies KW - Construction KW - Sediments KW - Amphibia KW - Indicator species KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17128272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Stream+amphibians+as+indicators+of+ecosystem+stress%3A+A+case+study+from+California%27s+redwoods&rft.au=Welsh%2C+HH+Jr%3BOllivier%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=HH&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Environmental monitoring; Bioindicators; Pollution monitoring; Amphibiotic species; Ecosystems; Construction; Indicators; Larvae; Population density; Environmental impact; Habitat selection; Streams; Ecosystem disturbance; Sediments; Civil engineering; Sedimentation; Indicator species; Freshwater environments; Amphibians; National parks; Stress; Case studies; Road construction; Highways; Amphibia; Aquatic habitats; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; Ascaphus truei; Rhyacotriton variegatus; USA, California, Prairie Creek State Park ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-color hybridization assay for simultaneous detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic Pasteurella multocida from swine AN - 17117727; 4423478 AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic Pasteurella multocida are the etiologic agents of swine atrophic rhinitis. Methods currently used for their identification are time-consuming and suffer from a lack of sensitivity. We describe a colony lift-hybridization assay for detection of B. bronchiseptica and toxigenic P. multocida that can be performed with a single colony lift derived from a primary isolation plate without the need for pure subcultures of suspect bacteria. Membranes are hybridized simultaneously to probes derived from the B. bronchiseptica alcA gene and the P. multocida toxA gene. A multicolor development procedure permits sequential detection of bound probes. The assay was tested with 84 primary isolation plates generated from nasal swabs from swine with clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis. Comparison of the results from the colony lift-hybridization assay with those from conventional testing, based on a combination of colony morphology, biochemical reactions, mouse lethality, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicated that the colony lift assay has superior sensitivity and comparable specificity. This technique has wide application for diagnostic and experimental studies. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Register, K B AU - Lee, R M AU - Thomson, C AD - Swine Respiratory Diseases Project, USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA, kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 3342 EP - 3346 VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - alcA gene KW - toxA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Animals KW - Membranes KW - Atrophic rhinitis KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - Hybridization analysis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17117727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Two-color+hybridization+assay+for+simultaneous+detection+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+and+toxigenic+Pasteurella+multocida+from+swine&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BLee%2C+R+M%3BThomson%2C+C&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Pasteurella multocida; Animals; Hybridization analysis; Membranes; Atrophic rhinitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New cell lines from Heliothis virescens: Characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses AN - 17096790; 4409512 AB - New cell lines from embryos of Heliothis virescens were recently developed. Six primary cultures were initiated in June 1995. From these initial cultures, two produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of seven cell strains, three of which are maintained at low temperatures (17 degree C). The strains were compared with a previously established cell line from H. virescens by isozyme analysis and shown to be from the same species. All the strains were inoculated with various baculoviruses, including Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), Anagrapha falcifera NPV, Anticarsa gemmatalis NPV, Rachoplusia ou NPV, Lymantria dispar NPV (LdMNPV), Orgyia pseudotsugata NPV (OpSNPV), O. leucostigma NPV (OlMNPV), and Helicoverpa zea NPV (HzSNPV). All seven strains were highly susceptible to the noctuid NPVs, and large numbers of occlusion bodies (OBs) were produced in most of the inoculated cells. The HzSNPV infection developed at a slower rate (requiring 1 week or more before a substantial number of cells contained OBs compared with 2-3 days for the other three noctuid NPVs). Three of the H. virescens strains were also susceptible to OpSNPV although only 10-20% of the cells produced OBs with this virus. We did not observe cytopathology (CPE) in any cells inoculated with OlMNPV or LdMNPV. Our results suggest that these new strains can be useful for the study and possibly the production of baculoviruses for which no effective cell systems are available and for comparative studies on multiple virus species. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lynn, DE AU - Shapiro, M AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA/ARS, BARC-West, Building 011A, Room 214, Beltsville, 20705-2350, Maryland Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 276 EP - 280 PB - Academic Press VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Cutworms KW - Lepidoptera KW - susceptibility KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Viruses KW - Cell culture KW - Baculoviridae KW - Cell lines KW - Embryos KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17096790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=New+cell+lines+from+Heliothis+virescens%3A+Characterization+and+susceptibility+to+baculoviruses&rft.au=Lynn%2C+DE%3BShapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baculoviridae; Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Cell culture; Embryos; Viruses; Cell lines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NMR characterization of altered lignins extracted from tobacco plants down-regulated for lignification enzymes cinnamylalcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase AN - 17145709; 4437872 AB - Homologous antisense constructs were used to down-regulate tobacco cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR; EC 1.2.1.44) activities in the lignin monomer biosynthetic pathway. CCR converts activated cinnamic acids (hydroxycinnamoyl-SCoAs) to cinnamaldehydes; cinnamaldehydes are then reduced to cinnamyl alcohols by CAD. The transformations caused the incorporation of nontraditional components into the extractable tobacco lignins, as evidenced by NMR. Isolated lignin of antisense-CAD tobacco contained fewer coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol- derived units that were compensated for by elevated levels of benzaldehydes and cinnamaldehydes. Products from radical coupling of cinnamaldehydes particularly sinapaldehyde, which were barely discernible in normal tobacco, were major components of the antisense- CAD tobacco lignin. Lignin content was reduced in antisense-CCR tobacco, which displayed a markedly reduced vigor. That lignin contained fewer coniferyl alcohol-derived units and significant levels of tyramine ferulate. Tyramine ferulate is a sink for the anticipated build-up of feruloyl-SCoA, and may be up-regulated in response to a deficit of coniferyl alcohol. Although it is not yet clear whether the modified lignins are true structural components of the cell wall, the findings provide further indications of the metabolic plasticity of plant lignification. An ability to produce lignin from alternative monomers would open new avenues for manipulation of lignin by genetic biotechnologies. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Ralph, J AU - Hatfield, R D AU - Piquemal, J AU - Yahiaoui, N AU - Pean, M AU - Lapierre, C AU - Boudet, A M AD - United States Dairy Forage Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706-1108, USA, jralph@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1998/10/27/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 27 SP - 12803 EP - 12808 VL - 95 IS - 22 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - cinnamoyl-CoA reductase KW - cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase KW - lignin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Antisense KW - N.M.R. KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - N 14250:Biological properties KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17145709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=NMR+characterization+of+altered+lignins+extracted+from+tobacco+plants+down-regulated+for+lignification+enzymes+cinnamylalcohol+dehydrogenase+and+cinnamoyl-CoA+reductase&rft.au=Ralph%2C+J%3BHatfield%2C+R+D%3BPiquemal%2C+J%3BYahiaoui%2C+N%3BPean%2C+M%3BLapierre%2C+C%3BBoudet%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-27&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=12803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana tabacum; N.M.R.; Antisense ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of organic amendments to reduce volatile pesticide emissions from soil AN - 17190575; 4478829 AB - Atmospheric emission of volatile pesticides such as soil fumigants contributes to air pollution, and feasible strategies to reduce their emission are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the potential of applying organic wastes to reduce the emission of two important fumigants, methyl bromide (MeBr) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), by enhancing their degradation in surface soil. The degradation of both compounds was significantly accelerated in composted manure or biosolid-manure amended soils, and the enhancement was greater for MITC than for MeBr. The difference in degradation kinetics between sterile and nonsterile amended soils indicates that degradation of MeBr in amended soils was chemically mediated, while that of MITC was mainly a result of stimulated microbial degradation. Applying 5% of composted manure to the 5 cm surface soil in packed columns reduced MeBr emission by 12%, and almost completely eliminated the volatilization of MITC. As certain organic amendments can suppress soil pathogens on their own, integrating fumigation with organic waste application may potentially provide complementary pest control activity. The applicability and benefits of such integrations should be further evaluated under field conditions. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Papiernik, S AU - Crowley, D AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 15 SP - 3094 EP - 3098 VL - 32 IS - 20 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - methyl bromide KW - methyl isothiocyanate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Chemical degradation KW - Organic wastes KW - Air pollution control KW - Emission control KW - Fumigation KW - Soil KW - Pesticides KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17190575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Application+of+organic+amendments+to+reduce+volatile+pesticide+emissions+from+soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BPapiernik%2C+S%3BCrowley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3094&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Soil; Organic wastes; Emission control; Fumigation; Chemical degradation; Biodegradation; Air pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of forest use and endemism in resident bird communities of north-central Michoacan, Mexico AN - 17102859; 4400659 AB - We compared breeding avian communities among 11 habitat types in north-central Michoacan, Mexico, to determine patterns of forest use by endemic and nonendemic resident species. Point counts of birds and vegetation measurements were conducted at 124 sampling localities from May through July, in 1994 and 1995. Six native forest types sampled were pine, pine-oak, oak-pine, oak, fir, and cloud forests; three habitat types were plantations of Eucalyptus, pine, and mixed species; and the remaining two habitats were shrublands and pastures. Pastures had lower bird-species richness and abundance than pine, oak-pine, and mixed-species plantations. Pine forests had greater bird abundance and species richness than oak forests and shrublands. Species richness and abundance of endemics were greatest in fir forests, followed by cloud forests. Bird abundance and richness significantly increased with greater tree-layer complexity, although sites with intermediate tree complexity also supported high abundances. When detrended correspondence-analysis scores were plotted for each site, bird species composition did not differ substantially among the four native oak-and-pine forest types, but cloud and fir forests, Eucalyptus plantations, and mixed-species plantations formed relatively distinct groups. Plantations supported a mixture of species found in native forests, shrublands, and pastures. Pastures and shrublands shared many species in common, varied greatly among sites in bird-species composition, and contained more species specific to these habitats than did forest types. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Garcia, S AU - Finch, D M AU - Chavez Leon, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station 2205 Columbia SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA Y1 - 1998/10/05/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 05 SP - 151 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 110 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Birds KW - Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Endemic species KW - Forests KW - Species composition KW - Habitat KW - Species richness KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+forest+use+and+endemism+in+resident+bird+communities+of+north-central+Michoacan%2C+Mexico&rft.au=Garcia%2C+S%3BFinch%2C+D+M%3BChavez+Leon%2C+G&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-10-05&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Species richness; Habitat; Endemic species; Species composition; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Murine strain differences and the effects of zinc on cadmium concentrations in tissues after acute cadmium exposure. AN - 70114542; 9851681 AB - The role of strain differences in cadmium tissue distribution was studied using sensitive (129/J) and resistant (A/J) mice. These murine strains have previously been shown to differ in their susceptibility to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. Cadmium concentration was measured in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, liver, and kidney at 24 h after cadmium chloride exposure (4, 10, and 20 micromol/kg CdCl2). The 129/J mice exhibited a significant increase in cadmium concentration in testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle at all cadmium doses used, compared to A/J mice. However, cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney were not different between the strains, at any dose, indicating that cadmium uptake is similar in these organs at 24 h. These murine strains demonstrate similar hepatic and renal cadmium uptake but significantly different cadmium accumulation in the reproductive organs at 24 h. The mechanism of the protective effect of zinc on cadmium toxicity was studied by assessing the impact of zinc acetate (ZnAc) treatment on cadmium concentrations in 129/J mice after 24 h. Zinc pretreatment (250 micromol/kg ZnAc), given 24 h prior to 20 micromol/kg CdCl2 administration, significantly decreased the amount of cadmium in the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of 129/J mice, and significantly increased the cadmium content of the liver after 24 h. Cadmium levels in the kidney were unaffected at this time. Zinc pretreatment also prevented the cadmium-induced decrease in testicular sperm concentration and epididymal sperm motility seen in 129/J mice. These findings suggest that the differences in the two murine strains may be attributed partly to the differential accumulation of cadmium in murine gonads. This may be caused by strain differences in the specificity of cadmium transport mechanisms. The protective role of zinc in cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in the sensitive strain may be due to an interference in the cadmium uptake by susceptible reproductive organs. JF - Archives of toxicology AU - King, L M AU - Anderson, M B AU - Sikka, S C AU - George, W J AD - ARS USDA, Germplasm and Gamete Physiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 650 EP - 655 VL - 72 IS - 10 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Seminal Vesicles -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Species Specificity KW - Protein Binding KW - Male KW - Epididymis -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Testis -- metabolism KW - Genitalia, Male -- metabolism KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Cadmium -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70114542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Murine+strain+differences+and+the+effects+of+zinc+on+cadmium+concentrations+in+tissues+after+acute+cadmium+exposure.&rft.au=King%2C+L+M%3BAnderson%2C+M+B%3BSikka%2C+S+C%3BGeorge%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abortifacient effects of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) on cattle. AN - 69969250; 9778758 AB - Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) contain high levels of isocupressic acid that has been identified as the abortifacient component of ponderosa pine needles in cattle. Therefore, the abortifacient potential of P contorta and J communis needles was tested in feeding trials with pregnant cattle. Cows (2 groups of 2 each) were fed by gavage 4.5-5.5 kg/d ground dry needles from either P contorta or J communis starting on gestation day 250. Isocupressic acid (ICA) levels in P contorta needles and J communis plant material were 0.8 and 2.0% (dry weight) respectively. Cows fed P contorta received a daily dose of 62-78 mg ICA/kg body weight and aborted after 8 and 10 d. The 2 cows fed J communis received a daily dose of 190 and 245 mg ICA/kg body weight and aborted after 3 and 4 days respectively. All cows retained fetal membranes and had classical clinical signs of pine needle-induced abortion. Pinus ponderosa, P contorta, J communis, and Cupressus macrocarpa samples were also analyzed for the presence of myristate and laurate esters of 1,14-tetradecanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. These lipid like compounds of P ponderosa have potent vasoconstrictive activity in a placentome perfusion assay and are proposed as possible abortifacients in cattle. Concentration of the vasoactive lipids were 0.028% (P ponderosa), 0.023% (P contorta), 0.001% (J communis), and none detected (C macrocarpa). It was concluded that these compounds are not required for the plant material to be abortifacient in cattle. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Gardner, D R AU - Panter, K E AU - James, L F AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 260 EP - 263 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Diterpenes KW - Plant Extracts KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes KW - isocupressic acid KW - 1909-91-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Plant Leaves -- toxicity KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Juniperus -- chemistry KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Trees KW - Abortifacient Agents -- toxicity KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69969250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Abortifacient+effects+of+lodgepole+pine+%28Pinus+contorta%29+and+common+juniper+%28Juniperus+communis%29+on+cattle.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+D+R%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (T-Bind) on mycotoxicosis in young broiler chickens. AN - 69961979; 9776058 AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (T-Bind) sorbent to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxins (AF) or T-2 toxin in male broiler chickens from day of hatch to 21 d of age. In Experiment 1, the sorbent was added at 0.250 or 0.375% to diets containing AF at 5 or T-2 toxin at 8 mg/kg of diet. When compared with controls, AF reduced BW gain by 27% and T-2 toxin reduced BW gain by 17%. The addition of the sorbent at 0.250 or 0.375%, in the absence of added mycotoxins, did not alter the performance of the chicks. The sorbent reduced the toxic effects of 5 mg AF/kg of diet on BW gain by 43% but did not significantly diminish the toxic effects of 8 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet. The decreased efficiency of feed utilization and the increased relative organ weights caused by AF were significantly diminished to differing degrees by the sorbent. Oral lesions caused by T-2 toxin were not affected by the sorbent. In Experiment 2, the sorbent was added at 0.80% to a diet containing 8 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet. The sorbent did not diminish the toxic effects of T-2 toxin when added at 0.80% of the diet. These data demonstrate that this specific sorbent can provide protection against the toxicity of AF, but not T-2 toxin, in young broiler chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Bailey, R H AU - Buckley, S A AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. kubena@usda.tamu.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1502 EP - 1509 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - sodium calcium aluminosilicate, hydrated KW - 1344-01-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Male KW - Aluminum Silicates -- administration & dosage KW - Aflatoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animal Feed KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69961979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicate+%28T-Bind%29+on+mycotoxicosis+in+young+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBailey%2C+R+H%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary excess of vitamin B-6 affects the concentrations of amino acids in the caudate nucleus and serum and the binding properties of serotonin receptors in the brain cortex of rats. AN - 69959711; 9772157 AB - Vitamin B-6 is a cofactor in many reactions of nitrogen metabolism. Deficiency alters tissue amino acid concentrations but effects of excess vitamin B-6 have not been well described. We fed female rats (218 g, 7 per group) 1 (control), 10, 100, 175 or 250x) the National Research Council recommended level of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg/kg) for 10 wk and measured serum amino acids, amino acids and neurotransmitters in brain regions and the binding properties of serotonin receptors in the cerebral cortex using a ketanserin binding assay. Rats were decapitated, and unheparinized blood was obtained. In the caudate nucleus, concentrations of glutamate, threonine, taurine, methionine, gamma-amino-butyric acid and the sum of the essential amino acids in groups 10X and 100X were approximately 130 to 180% of control levels (P < 0.05); groups 1X, 175X and 250X were not different. A similar pattern was seen in the serum for serine, glycine, aspartate and ornithine; the latter two amino acids increased to over 200% of control in group 100X. In the ketanserin binding assay, both the antagonist binding affinity and the maximal number of binding sites were higher for group 100X than for 1X, 175X and 250X, and were higher for 10X than for 1X. Norepinephrine in the raphe nucleus followed a similar biphasic pattern. Excess dietary pyridoxine affected brain and serum concentrations of some amino acids and binding properties of cortical serotonin receptors in a biphasic pattern over the range of concentrations fed in this study. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Schaeffer, M C AU - Gretz, D AU - Gietzen, D W AU - Rogers, Q R AD - USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1829 EP - 1835 VL - 128 IS - 10 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - Receptors, Serotonin KW - Pyridoxine KW - KV2JZ1BI6Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Binding Sites KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- drug effects KW - Pyridoxine -- adverse effects KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Pyridoxine -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69959711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+excess+of+vitamin+B-6+affects+the+concentrations+of+amino+acids+in+the+caudate+nucleus+and+serum+and+the+binding+properties+of+serotonin+receptors+in+the+brain+cortex+of+rats.&rft.au=Schaeffer%2C+M+C%3BGretz%2C+D%3BGietzen%2C+D+W%3BRogers%2C+Q+R&rft.aulast=Schaeffer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early pulmonary lesions in turkeys produced by nonviable Aspergillus fumigatus and/or Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide. AN - 69118435; 9876847 AB - This study assessed the potential of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from Pasteurella multocida to cause pulmonary pathology or exacerbate lesions produced by gamma-irradiated nonviable Aspergillus fumigatus conidia when administered via the intra-air sac route in turkeys. LPS provoked suppurative airsacculitis, pleuritis, and pneumonia. Nonviable conidia produced airsacculitis and transient pneumonitis but did not elicit multinucleate giant cells, which are a feature of the inflammatory process in A. fumigatus infection. LPS in combination with A. fumigatus conidia resulted in accelerated pulmonary inflammation and apparently delayed clearance of conidia from pulmonary tissues. This study presents a model of aseptic airsacculitis and pneumonia with clinical relevance. JF - Avian diseases AU - Kunkle, R A AU - Rimler, R B AD - Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 770 EP - 780 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pneumonia, Bacterial -- pathology KW - Pleurisy -- pathology KW - Pleurisy -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Aspergillosis -- veterinary KW - Turkeys KW - Pasteurella Infections -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- pathology KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- pathology KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Inflammation KW - Air Sacs -- microbiology KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- veterinary KW - Pleurisy -- microbiology KW - Pneumonia, Bacterial -- veterinary KW - Pneumonia, Bacterial -- microbiology KW - Aspergillosis -- pathology KW - Pasteurella Infections -- pathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Pasteurella multocida -- immunology KW - Aspergillus fumigatus -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69118435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Early+pulmonary+lesions+in+turkeys+produced+by+nonviable+Aspergillus+fumigatus+and%2For+Pasteurella+multocida+lipopolysaccharide.&rft.au=Kunkle%2C+R+A%3BRimler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Kunkle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low-drop grade-control structure AN - 26639017; 2001-24-018895 (CE); 0363019 (EN) AB - This study was conducted to develop design criteria for a structural low-drop (drop height/critical depth of h/d sub(c) less than or equal to 1.0) grade-control structure that will have good performance characteristics and have general acceptance by the engineering community involved with stabilization of degrading channels. The structure has a 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) sloping floor at the entrance, 0.5d sub(c) high floor blocks with 1:2 upstream sloping face, and a 0.25d sub(c) high end sill with a 3:1 sloping upstream face. Criteria are presented to design the structure given the channel width, critical depth, drop height, and tailwater elevation and to determine the size and placement of riprap downstream of the structure to ensure the integrity of the structure. A minimum tailwater elevation is required for acceptable performance of the structure. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rice, C E AU - Kadavy, K C AD - USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, USA PY - 1998 SP - 1337 EP - 1343 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tailwaters KW - Height KW - Criteria KW - Floors KW - Acceptability KW - Degradation KW - Acceptance criteria KW - Width KW - Stabilization KW - Riprap KW - Article KW - EE 631.1:Fluid Flow (General) KW - EE 446.2:Related Hydraulic Structures KW - EE 403.2:Regional Planning and Development (EN) KW - EE 408.1:Structural Design (General) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26639017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Low-drop+grade-control+structure&rft.au=Rice%2C+C+E%3BKadavy%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three mechanisms for the calcium alleviation of mineral toxicities AN - 1859164437; 9765536 AB - Ca2+ in rooting medium is essential for root elongation, even in the absence of added toxicants. In the presence of rhizotoxic levels of Al3+, H+, or Na+ (or other cationic toxicants), supplementation of the medium with higher levels of Ca2+ alleviates growth inhibition. Experiments to determine the mechanisms of alleviation entailed measurements of root elongation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Scout 66) seedlings in controlled medium. A Gouy-Chapman-Stern model was used to compute the electrical potentials and the activities of ions at the root-cell plasma membrane surfaces. Analysis of root elongation relative to the computed surface activities of ions revealed three separate mechanisms of Ca2+ alleviation. Mechanism I is the displacement of cell-surface toxicant by the Ca2+-induced reduction in cell-surface negativity. Mechanism II is the restoration of Ca2+ at the cell surface if the surface Ca2+ has been reduced by the toxicant to growth-limiting levels. Mechanism III is the collective ameliorative effect of Ca2+ beyond mechanisms I and II, and may involve Ca2+-toxicant interactions at the cell surface other than the displacement interactions of mechanisms I and II. Mechanism I operated in the alleviation of all of the tested toxicities; mechanism II was generally a minor component of alleviation; and mechanism III was toxicant specific and operated strongly in the alleviation of Na+ toxicity, moderately in the alleviation of H+ toxicity, and not at all in the alleviation of Al3+ toxicity. JF - Plant physiology AU - Kinraide AD - Appalachian Soil and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beaver, West Virginia 25813-0400, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 513 EP - 520 VL - 118 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859164437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Three+mechanisms+for+the+calcium+alleviation+of+mineral+toxicities&rft.au=Kinraide&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computation of surface electrical potentials of plant cell membranes . Correspondence To published zeta potentials from diverse plant sources AN - 1859164419; 9765535 AB - A Gouy-Chapman-Stern model has been developed for the computation of surface electrical potential (psi0) of plant cell membranes in response to ionic solutes. The present model is a modification of an earlier version developed to compute the sorption of ions by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Scout 66) root plasma membranes. A single set of model parameters generates values for psi0 that correlate highly with published zeta potentials of protoplasts and plasma membrane vesicles from diverse plant sources. The model assumes ion binding to a negatively charged site (R- = 0.3074 &mgr;mol m-2) and to a neutral site (P0 = 2.4 &mgr;mol m-2) according to the reactions R- + IZ &rlharr; RIZ-1 and P0 + IZ &rlharr; PIZ, where IZ represents an ion of charge Z. Binding constants for the negative site are 21, 500 M-1 for H+, 20,000 M-1 for Al3+, 2,200 M-1 for La3+, 30 M-1 for Ca2+ and Mg2+, and 1 M-1 for Na+ and K+. Binding constants for the neutral site are 1/180 the value for binding to the negative site. Ion activities at the membrane surface, computed on the basis of psi0, appear to determine many aspects of plant-mineral interactions, including mineral nutrition and the induction and alleviation of mineral toxicities, according to previous and ongoing studies. A computer program with instructions for the computation of psi0, ion binding, ion concentrations, and ion activities at membrane surfaces may be requested from the authors. JF - Plant physiology AU - Kinraide AU - Yermiyahu AU - Rytwo AD - Appalachian Soil and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beaver, West Virginia 25813-0400 (T.B.K.). Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 505 EP - 512 VL - 118 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859164419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Computation+of+surface+electrical+potentials+of+plant+cell+membranes+.+Correspondence+To+published+zeta+potentials+from+diverse+plant+sources&rft.au=Kinraide%3BYermiyahu%3BRytwo&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A closer look at the bacteriology of nitrification AN - 17568502; 4425996 AB - The mineralizing ability of nitrifying bacteria is well known among aquaculturists, but the underlying bacteriology is abstruse. The proceeding literature review details sources of nitrogenous fish waste and peculiarities of the Nitrobacteraceae family, including survival mechanisms, frailties, and intrinsic kinetics. Fundamental catabolic and anabolic reactions are elucidated, as is the implication of reducing power allotment for respiratory efficiency. Attention is paid to the paramount role of nitrifiers in biofiltration and recommendations are made for future recirculating aquaculture research. JF - Aquacultural Engineering AU - Hagopian, D S AU - Riley, J G AD - USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA, dhagopia@unlinfo.unl.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 223 EP - 244 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0144-8609, 0144-8609 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Biofiltration KW - Nitrification KW - Kinetics KW - Nitrobacteraceae KW - Mineralization KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17568502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquacultural+Engineering&rft.atitle=A+closer+look+at+the+bacteriology+of+nitrification&rft.au=Hagopian%2C+D+S%3BRiley%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Hagopian&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquacultural+Engineering&rft.issn=01448609&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0144-8609%2898%2900032-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrobacteraceae; Nitrification; Mineralization; Kinetics; Biofiltration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00032-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of phospholipid fatty acids and carbon source utilization patterns to track microbial community succession in developing compost AN - 17568049; 4432956 AB - Carbon source utilization and phospholipid fatty acid analyses were used to track the rapidly changing microbial community in composting dairy waste. Microbial abilities to utilize common plant sugars increased during composting. Community phospholipid profiles changed significantly over time. Phospholipids suggested the presence of more thermophiles and fewer bacteria with continued compost development. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Carpenter-Boggs, L AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Reganold, J P AD - USDA-ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Lab, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA, lcboggs@mail.mrsars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 4062 EP - 4064 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Communities KW - Biodegradation KW - Composts KW - Fatty acids KW - Carbon sources KW - Succession KW - Thermophilic microorganisms KW - Phospholipids KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17568049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+phospholipid+fatty+acids+and+carbon+source+utilization+patterns+to+track+microbial+community+succession+in+developing+compost&rft.au=Carpenter-Boggs%2C+L%3BKennedy%2C+A+C%3BReganold%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Carpenter-Boggs&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4062&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Composts; Fatty acids; Phospholipids; Communities; Carbon sources; Thermophilic microorganisms; Succession ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal Colonists of Maize Grain Conditioned at Constant Temperatures and Humidities AN - 17567599; 4422981 AB - Fungal colonization of shelled maize (Pioneer 3320) harvested from a field near Furman, South Carolina, in 1992 was determined after 348 and 751 days of continuous storage at each of seven temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 degree C) and four constant relative humidities, giving equilibrium grain moisture contents ranging from 9.4% to 17.5% m.c. in 28 grain conditioning environments. Twenty fungal species infected surface sterilized seeds and were recorded from these conditioned grain treatments, including species commonly found in preharvest maize [e.g. Acremonium zeae, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme (syn. F. verticillioides), Penicillium pinophilum (syn. P. funiculosum), etc.]. Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum and Monascus ruber were recorded only from conditioned grain treatments. Eurotium chevalieri colonized 50-96% of the kernels from grain conditioning treatments with the highest moisture content for each incubation temperature. Grain samples with > 33% E. chevalieri infection had a decreased occurrence of F. moniliforme and A. zeae, and no kernels from these samples germinated. No fungi colonized more than 50% of the kernels conditioned at 30-40 degree C and 9.4-14.2% m.c. The results of this study indicate that individual patterns of fungal colonization during grain conditioning were a function of the survival rates for preharvest fungal colonists and their potential replacement by E. chevalieri. JF - Journal of Stored Products Research AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Weaver, D K AU - Throne, JE AD - Bioactive Agents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 355 EP - 361 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0022-474X, 0022-474X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Relative humidity KW - Temperature effects KW - Fungi KW - Storage KW - Colonization KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Zea mays KW - Grain KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17567599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.atitle=Fungal+Colonists+of+Maize+Grain+Conditioned+at+Constant+Temperatures+and+Humidities&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T%3BWeaver%2C+D+K%3BThrone%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.issn=0022474X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-474X%2898%2900021-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Post-harvest decay; Colonization; Fungi; Storage; Temperature effects; Grain; Relative humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(98)00021-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incidence of Escherichia coli on beef carcasses and its association with aerobic mesophilic plate count categories during the slaughter process AN - 17298053; 4560811 AB - An analysis of 535 prefabricated beef carcass samples taken in three processing plants demonstrated an association between the mesophilic aerobic plate count (APC) class and the incidence of obtaining an Escherichia coli-positive sample. Beef carcasses were sampled from three separate plants; one was a fed-beef processing plant and the other two were cow/bull plants. Samples were obtained by sponging and were analyzed for APC and E. coli. When samples were classified into four APC levels or classes (class 1: <2, class 2: greater than or equal to 2 and <3, class 3: greater than or equal to 3 and <4, and class 4: greater than or equal to 4 log CFU/cm super(2)), a trend indicating that samples from higher APC classes were more likely to be positive for E. coli biotype 1 was observed. Of the APC class 4 samples ( greater than or equal to 4 log CFU/cm super(2)), 88% were positive for the presence of E. coli, as opposed to 21% in APC class 1 (<2 log CFU/cm super(2)). Univariate chi-square analysis of the resulting contingency tables from reclassified data (class 1: <2, class 2: greater than or equal to 2 and <3, and class 3: greater than or equal to 3 log CFU/cm super(2)) indicated a strong association between APC class and the incidence (presence or absence) of an E. coli-positive sample. Using multivariate analysis to account for influences of plant and within plant processing site, the data indicated a strong positive linear trend between the presence of E. coli and the APC class. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Cutter, C N AU - Bennett, G L AU - Keen, JE AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA, siragusa@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1269 EP - 1274 VL - 61 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Escherichia coli KW - abattoirs KW - beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Food processing KW - Food processing industry KW - Food contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17298053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+Escherichia+coli+on+beef+carcasses+and+its+association+with+aerobic+mesophilic+plate+count+categories+during+the+slaughter+process&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BDorsa%2C+W+J%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BBennett%2C+G+L%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Food processing industry; Food processing; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using an inverse method to estimate the hydraulic properties of crusted soils from tension-disc infiltrometer data AN - 17218761; 4504184 AB - An inverse procedure was used to estimate the soil hydraulic characteristics of a two-layered soil system - soil surface crust and subsoil - from data obtained during a tension-disc infiltration experiment. The inverse procedure combined the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear parameter optimization method with a numerical solution of the axisymmetric variably-saturated flow equation. The objective function was defined in terms of the cumulative infiltration curve and the final water content measured directly below the tension-disc infiltrometer at the end of the experiment; this final water content was assumed to correspond to the final supply pressure head. We analyzed two infiltration experiments carried out with a 25-cm diameter tension-disc infiltrometer. One experiment was carried out on a two-layered system, and a second after removal of the surface crust covering the sandy subsoil. Both experiments were performed with six consecutive supply tensions. We first analyzed the infiltration experiment for the subsoil only, thus yielding its hydraulic characteristics. Subsequent analysis of the infiltration experiment for the two-layered system with known hydraulic properties of the subsoil provided estimates of the hydraulic properties of the surface crust. We further compared the estimated hydraulic parameters of the subsoil with those obtained using Wooding's analytical method and predictions based on a neural network model requiring textural input information. All three methods generated roughly the same results. The numerical inversion technique proved to be a convenient tool for estimating the soil hydraulic properties of both the surface crust and the subsoil. JF - Geoderma AU - Simuenek, J AU - Angulo-Jaramillo, R AU - Schaap, M G AU - Vandervaere, J-P AU - Van Genuchten, MTh AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, jsimuneksuper(s)sl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 61 EP - 81 VL - 86 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental data KW - Mathematical equations KW - Infiltrometers KW - Estimating KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Soil physical properties KW - Subsoil KW - Optimization KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17218761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Using+an+inverse+method+to+estimate+the+hydraulic+properties+of+crusted+soils+from+tension-disc+infiltrometer+data&rft.au=Simuenek%2C+J%3BAngulo-Jaramillo%2C+R%3BSchaap%2C+M+G%3BVandervaere%2C+J-P%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTh&rft.aulast=Simuenek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental data; Infiltrometers; Mathematical equations; Estimating; Hydraulic properties; Soil physical properties; Subsoil; Optimization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen assimilation by riparian buffer systems receiving swine lagoon wastewater AN - 17216201; 4486984 AB - A three-year study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using riparian buffer systems to assimilate nitrogen (N) from swine lagoon effluent. Replicated 30x4 m plots were established at the interface of a pasture and riparian forest. Wastewater from the third lagoon of the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station main swine research unit was applied to each plot by overland flow from tanks at the top end of each plot. The wastewater, which contained an average N concentration of 160 mg L super(-1) N, primarily as ammonium (NH sub(4)-N), was applied to the plots at two different rates (either once per week 1x, 1285 L/plot] or twice per week [2x, 2570 L/plot]). Three different vegetative buffer treatments were evaluated: (1) 10 m grass buffer draining into 20 m existing riparian zone vegetation; (2) 20 m grass buffer draining into 10 m existing riparian zone vegetation; and (3) 10 m grass buffer draining into 20 m maidencane (Panicum hematomon). The effects of the wastewater on surface runoff and groundwater quality were evaluated by transects of surface runoff collectors, suction lysimeters, and shallow groundwater wells which extended from the top to the bottom of each plot. Data analyses showed differences due to wastewater application rate and distance downslope from the wastewater application pipe. Nitrogen concentrations increased over time at the top ends of the plots but showed little increase at the bottom ends of the plots. Overall, all three vegetative treatments were successful in assimilating N from the wastewater. The study showed that riparian buffer systems, where wastewater is applied by overland flow, can be effective in assimilating N contained within lagooned animal wastes. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Newton, G L AU - Davis, J G AU - Lowrance, R AU - Vellidis, G AU - Dove, C R AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Lab, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, hubbardifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1295 EP - 1304 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Panicum hematomon KW - swine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Manure KW - Freshwater KW - Lagoons KW - Riparian environments KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Animal wastes KW - Aquatic plants KW - Vegetation KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Sewage KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17216201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+assimilation+by+riparian+buffer+systems+receiving+swine+lagoon+wastewater&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BNewton%2C+G+L%3BDavis%2C+J+G%3BLowrance%2C+R%3BVellidis%2C+G%3BDove%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Manure; Bioaccumulation; Animal wastes; Sewage; Riparian environments; Aquatic plants; Nitrogen compounds; Lagoons; Agricultural runoff; Nitrogen; Vegetation; Wastewater discharges; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and erosion following field application of beef cattle manure and compost AN - 17216138; 4486983 AB - Manure or compost from beef cattle feedlots can be excellent sources of nutrients and organic matter when added to soils. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a single application of manure and compost on runoff and erosion under no-till and tillage conditions. Tillage consisted of a single disking operation up and down the slope on a Sharpsburg soil which was cropped to grain sorghum or wheat the previous season. Manure and compost were applied at rates required to meet corn fertility requirements. Additional experimental treatments included the application of inorganic fertilizer and an untreated check. The addition of manure or compost to the no-till plots containing sorghum or wheat residue resulted in significant reductions in residue cover. However, residue cover following tillage was unaffected by the earlier addition of manure or compost. Runoff and erosion from simulated rainfall were not significantly influenced by the single application of manure or compost. On the no-till sorghum residue treatments, total solids transport represented 5.1% and 3.3% of the mass of applied manure and compost, respectively. Total solids transport was 1.3% and 1.4% of the mass of applied manure and compost, respectively, on the no-till wheat residue treatments. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Gilley, JE AU - Eghball, B AD - USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, 251 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA, jgilley@unlinfo.unl.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1289 EP - 1294 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Agriculture KW - Manure KW - Animal wastes KW - Soil erosion KW - Land application KW - Cattle KW - Runoff KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17216138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+erosion+following+field+application+of+beef+cattle+manure+and+compost&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BEghball%2C+B&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land application; Agriculture; Animal wastes; Soil erosion; Runoff; Compost; Cattle; Manure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides and metabolites in the shallow groundwater of an eastern Coastal Plain watershed AN - 17213792; 4486994 AB - The occurrence of pesticides in drinking water sources is a public concern because of potential adverse health effects. We report the results of a three-year study to assess the occurrence of pesticides and metabolites in shallow groundwater in a USDA Water Quality Demonstration Project (WQDP). The Herrings Marsh Run (HMR) watershed is located in the eastern Coastal Plain region of North Carolina and has similar characteristics of other regional agricultural-intensive watersheds. Ninety-two shallow groundwater wells were installed on farms around the watershed in late 1992 and early 1993. Water samples were collected monthly from March 1993 to March 1995 and collected quarterly for the remainder of 1995 and early 1996. The samples (n = 2598) were initially screened for 11 pesticides (8 triazines, 2 chloroactamides, 1 methylester) using immunoassay techniques. The positive detections (n = 266) were further analyzed by gas chromatographic (GC) and GC/MS (mass spectrometric) procedures. During the study period, we found that the majority (91%) of the wells had no detections for 11 compounds commonly used in the watershed. Pesticides were consistently detected in four wells, but the concentrations were usually below the health advisory limit (HAL). Overall, alachlor was the most frequently detected pesticide. The lack of 11 commonly used pesticides in a high number of wells suggests that these pesticides have had a minimal impact on the quality of HMR shallow groundwater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Novak, J M AU - Watts, D W AU - Stone, K C AU - Johnson, M H AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, novaklorence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1383 EP - 1390 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Pesticides KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Pollution surveys KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Pesticides+and+metabolites+in+the+shallow+groundwater+of+an+eastern+Coastal+Plain+watershed&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Groundwater pollution; Water quality; Pollution surveys; Agricultural runoff; USA, North Carolina; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield of banana grown with supplemental drip-irrigation on an Ultisol AN - 17183485; 4480691 AB - A three-year study was conducted on an Ultisol to determine the water requirement, yield and fruit-quality traits of three ratoon crops (R1, R2, R3) of 'Grande Naine' banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) subjected to four levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors ranging from 0.0 (rainfed) to 1.0 in increments of 0.25. When needed, drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (p < 0.01) irrigation treatment and crop effects on bunch weight, yield, bunch mean hand weight, weight and fruit diameter of the third and last hands, and length of fruits of the third hand. Highest marketable yield (47.9 t ha super(-1)) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.0. It was concluded that irrigating the crop according to a pan factor of 1.0 was sufficient to justify the investment of a drip-irrigation system for a farm in the mountain region. JF - Experimental Agriculture AU - Goenaga, R AU - Irizarry, H AD - USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, PO Box 70, Mayaguez, 00681, Puerto Rico, mayrgrs-grin.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 439 EP - 448 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0014-4797, 0014-4797 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil types KW - Water conservation KW - Available water KW - Crop yield KW - Drip irrigation KW - Fruit crops KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17183485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Yield+of+banana+grown+with+supplemental+drip-irrigation+on+an+Ultisol&rft.au=Goenaga%2C+R%3BIrizarry%2C+H&rft.aulast=Goenaga&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+Agriculture&rft.issn=00144797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil types; Available water; Water conservation; Crop yield; Drip irrigation; Fruit crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of simplified leaf inoculation procedures for identification of quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa seedlings AN - 17180735; 4471192 AB - Previous studies established that excised leaf tissues of alfalfa can be inoculated with Sclerotinia trifoliorum to select for heritable resistance, but the original procedures were not practical for use in large-scale screening programs. In this study, simplified leaf inoculation procedures for more rapid screening for resistance, based on direct application of leaf tissues to colonies of the pathogen on agar media, were evaluated. Cotyledons, unifoliate leaves, and leaflets of trifoliolate leaves of plants 7 to 21 days old from three relatively susceptible cultivars and one resistant germ plasm were applied, with and without wounding, directly to colony margins of S. trifoliorum on cornmeal agar, V8 juice agar, and water agar. Leaves were scored according to the rate and extent of development of necrosis. Significant differences between alfalfa populations were expressed in unifoliate leaves and trifoliolate leaflets but not in cotyledons. Disease severity in the resistant germ plasm (Mississippi Sclerotinia-Resistant [MSR]) was less than in the three cultivars on all agar media. Wounding of leaf tissues increased disease severity and greatly reduced the incidence of symptomless leaves, which are indicated to be escapes, but wounding generally did not prevent expression of resistance in MSR. Results indicate that initial screening for resistance to S. trifoliorum in alfalfa seedlings may be accomplished by applying wounded unifoliate leaves and leaflets of trifoliolate leaves directly to colonies on cornmeal or V8 juice agars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pratt, R G AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Waste Management & Forage Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1161 EP - 1164 VL - 82 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Crown rot KW - Disease resistance KW - Cotyledons KW - Stem rot KW - Sclerotinia trifoliorum KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17180735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+simplified+leaf+inoculation+procedures+for+identification+of+quantitative+resistance+to+Sclerotinia+trifoliorum+in+alfalfa+seedlings&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+G%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Sclerotinia trifoliorum; Crown rot; Cotyledons; Stem rot; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological and economic impacts of forest policies: interactions across forestry and agriculture AN - 17179036; 4479597 AB - A linked model of the US forest and agriculture sectors was used to examine the economic and ecological impacts of two forest policies: a minimum harvest age limitation and a reduced public harvest policy. Simulated private responses to both policies indicate that landowners could undertake a range of adjustments to minimize their welfare impacts, but imposition of constraints on the management of existing timber stocks have particularly potent effects. Environmental changes associated with the responses include: (1) impacts on biodiversity trends and wildlife habitat conditions when economic incentives prompt afforestation of cropland in the North and less conversion of hardwood forest types to softwood plantations in the South; (2) age class distributions in all regions are 'shortened', compressing a larger inventory volume into fewer, younger age classes; (3) reductions in the area of the earliest forest successional stages, despite the concentration of inventory in the earlier ages, because of rising timber management intensity in some regions; and (4) sequestered carbon in all parts of the forest system may continue to rise even after total product volumes have begun to fall. Interregional economic impacts include higher prices for private forest land and timber products in the southern US, due to a reduced public harvest policy concentrated in the West. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Alig, R J AU - Adams, D M AU - McCarl, BA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 63 EP - 78 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - USA KW - harvesting KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Agroforestry KW - Biological diversity KW - Models KW - Economics KW - Forestry KW - Government policies KW - Environmental impact KW - Habitat KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17179036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Ecological+and+economic+impacts+of+forest+policies%3A+interactions+across+forestry+and+agriculture&rft.au=Alig%2C+R+J%3BAdams%2C+D+M%3BMcCarl%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Biological diversity; Environmental impact; Agroforestry; Habitat; Forestry; Forest management; Government policies; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-state fermentation plus extrusion to make biopesticide granules AN - 17170469; 4469913 AB - Five fungal biocontrol agents useful in agriculture were grown on rice flour in plastic bags. The flour, infested with Colletotrichum truncatum, an Alternaria sp., Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, or atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, was mixed with wheat flour, kaolin, and water and extruded into granules. The inoculum survived extrusion and fluid bed drying at 50 degree C 3-92 times better than inoculum produced in liquid fermentation. Depending on the agent, the high level of flour infestation permitted a 1:9 to 1:1600 dilution to yield the 1x10 super(6) cfu/g in the final product which is usually needed for biocontrol efficacy. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Daigle, D J AU - Connick, WJ Jr AU - Boyette, C D AU - Jackson, MA AU - Dorner, J W AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70126, USA, ddaigle@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 715 EP - 719 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - Fermentation KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Alternaria KW - Pesticides KW - Flour KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Solid-state+fermentation+plus+extrusion+to+make+biopesticide+granules&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr%3BBoyette%2C+C+D%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BDorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Colletotrichum truncatum; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Pesticides; Biological control; Fermentation; Flour ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic diversity of Aspergillus parasiticus in an Illinois corn field AN - 17167203; 4471186 AB - Aspergillus parasiticus was isolated from direct platings of soil from a corn field near Kilbourne, Illinois. Soil contained 0.2 to 4.0 CFU of Aspergillus flavus and/or A. parasiticus per g of soil. Sixty isolates of A. parasiticus, each from a separately collected soil sample, were examined for ability to produce sclerotia and aflatoxins, and were subjected to DNA fingerprinting. PstI digests of total genomic DNA from each isolate were probed using the pAF28 repetitive sequence. Among 60 isolates analyzed, 33 (55%) distinct DNA fingerprint groups were identified (each group sharing less than 80% pAF28 band similarity), including 50 distinct genotypes (83%) with less than 100% pAF28 band similarity. A single A. parasiticus fingerprint group represented 13% of the sample population. The 83% genotypic diversity of the A. parasiticus population was equivalent to the 81% genotypic diversity recorded earlier for a population of 31 A. flavus isolates from the same field soil. Sclerotia were produced by 82% of the 50 A. parasiticus genotypes during dark incubation at 25 degree C. All isolates of A. parasiticus produced aflatoxin B sub(1)B sub(2) and G sub(1)G sub(2), whereas only 36% of the 31 A. flavus isolates from these soils produced aflatoxins. JF - Plant Disease AU - McAlpin, CE AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Platis, CE AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, REE, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, mcalpice@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1132 EP - 1136 VL - 82 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Illinois KW - maize KW - sclerotia KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Genetic diversity KW - Soil KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Fingerprinting KW - Zea mays KW - Plant diseases KW - Genotyping KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17167203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Genotypic+diversity+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus+in+an+Illinois+corn+field&rft.au=McAlpin%2C+CE%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BPlatis%2C+CE&rft.aulast=McAlpin&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Zea mays; Soil; DNA fingerprinting; Genotyping; DNA; Aflatoxins; Genetic diversity; Fingerprinting; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil populations of Aspergillus species from section Flavi along a transect through peanut-growing regions of the United States AN - 17154413; 4451278 AB - Soil populations of Aspergillus species from section Flavi, several of which produce aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid, were examined from 166 cultivated fields along a transect extending from eastern New Mexico through Georgia to eastern Virginia. Peanut fields were sampled from four major peanut-growing regions (western Texas, central Texas, Georgia/Alabama, and Virginia/North Carolina); corn, cotton, and soybean fields also were examined from other regions along the transect where peanuts are not commonly cultivated. Soil densities of combined Aspergillus species from section Flavi were characterized by large variation among fields, with a greater frequency of fields with high densities extending from east-central Texas to south-central Georgia. Aspergillus flavus was the dominant species across most of the transect; the S strain of this species, characterized by production of numerous small sclerotia <400 mu m diameter, was present primarily in the cotton-growing regions of east-central Texas and Louisiana. The highest incidences of A. parasiticus (as percentages of section Flavi) were observed from south-central Alabama to eastern Virginia. Vegetative compatibility group 1 of A. parasiticus was widely distributed in peanut fields along the transect. Aspergillus tamarii and A. caelatus also occurred along most of the transect but generally at low incidences; A. nomius was detected in only five fields from Louisiana and Mississippi. Peanut fields had significantly higher densities and incidences of A. parasiticus (P < 0.0001) than fields planted in other crops. Among the peanut-growing regions, Georgia/Alabama had the highest and western Texas had the lowest soil densities of species from section Flavi. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) in soil density between individual Aspergillus species from section Flavi and filamentous fungi as well as between pairs of species suggest that populations were influenced by similar environmental factors. Variability in the density of A. flavus and A. parasiticus in soil may result from regional differences in the frequency of drought and in soil temperature and the influence of these factors on the susceptibility of peanut seeds to fungal invasion. JF - Mycologia AU - Horn, B W AU - Dorner, J W AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 1011 Forrester Drive, SE, Dawson, Georgia 31742, USA, bhorn@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 767 EP - 776 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - USA, Southern KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Plant diseases KW - Aspergillus KW - Soil microorganisms KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17154413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Soil+populations+of+Aspergillus+species+from+section+Flavi+along+a+transect+through+peanut-growing+regions+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BDorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arachis hypogaea; Aspergillus; Soil microorganisms; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Genes for Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight of Beans AN - 17145146; 4437584 AB - One of the most important diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in tropical and sub-tropical regions is common bacterial blight (CBB), which is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (= X. campestris pv. phaseoli). Useful sources of resistance to CBB have been found in the related species P. coccineus Lam. and P. acutifolius A. Gray. Despite the complexity of their inheritance, these resistances have been introgressed into bean breeding lines. `XR-235-1-1' is a Mesoamerican bean breeding line that carries P. coccineus-derived oligogenic resistance to CBB. We have analyzed the linkage relationships between 117 DNA marker loci and CBB resistance genes in a recombinant inbred family obtained between XR-235-1-1 and `Calima', a susceptible Andean genotype. Two genes for resistance to CBB from XR-235-1-1 were detected, one linked to Bng40 in Group A, and the other to Bng139 in Group F. Surprisingly, the effect of two Calima-derived resistance genes, linked to Bng25a and Bng154 in Group J, was also detected. Analysis of several models with these resistances pointed to the most efficient model that explained at least 40% of the variation for resistance to CBB and included the two XR-derived resistances and the Bng154-linked Calima-derived resistance. Marker assisted selection is proposed for introgression of resistance genes into susceptible backgrounds. JF - Crop Science AU - Yu, Z H AU - Stall, R E AU - Vallejos, CE AD - USDA-ARS-SCRL, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, eduardo@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1290 EP - 1296 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Bng139 gene KW - Bng154 gene KW - Bng25a gene KW - Bng40 gene KW - common bacterial blight KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Plant breeding KW - Disease resistance KW - Xanthomonas axonopodis KW - Phaseolus acutifolius KW - Phaseolus coccineus KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17145146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Genes+for+Resistance+to+Common+Bacterial+Blight+of+Beans&rft.au=Yu%2C+Z+H%3BStall%2C+R+E%3BVallejos%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaseolus acutifolius; Phaseolus coccineus; Phaseolus vulgaris; Xanthomonas axonopodis; Disease resistance; Plant breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Attractants for Trapping Yellowjackets Vespula germanica and Vespula pensylvanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) AN - 17126846; 4428188 AB - Worker yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) were captured in traps baited with combinations of an aqueous solution of acetic acid and polyethylene caps loaded with either butyl butyrate, heptyl butyrate, or isobutanol. Vespula germanica (F.) were captured in large numbers in traps baited with acetic acid and isobutanol or acetic acid and butyl butyrate. Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) were captured in large numbers in traps baited with heptyl butyrate, acetic acid and heptyl butyrate, acetic acid and butyl butyrate, and acetic acid and isobutanol. Acetic acid generally enhanced the attractiveness of these other compounds to V. pensylvanica and V. germanica. Vespula atropilosa (Sladen) were captured in large numbers in traps baited with heptyl butyrate or acetic acid and heptyl butyrate, with no apparent effect of the addition of acetic acid to the trap, and they were only weakly attracted to other baits. The importance of acetic acid to attraction of V. germanica and V. pensylvanica to these lures supports the hypothesis that this response is food-finding behavior. The chemical lure comprised of acetic acid and isobutanol can be used for trapping the worldwide pest V. germanica, with the added advantage of simultaneous attractiveness to V. pensylvanica. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Landolt, P J AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1229 EP - 1234 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hornets KW - Hymenoptera KW - Western yellowjacket KW - butyl butyrate KW - heptyl butyrate KW - isobutanol KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Attractants KW - Vespidae KW - Bait KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Vespula pensylvanica KW - Pest control KW - Acetic acid KW - Trapping KW - Vespula germanica KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17126846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Chemical+Attractants+for+Trapping+Yellowjackets+Vespula+germanica+and+Vespula+pensylvanica+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Vespidae%29&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vespidae; Vespula germanica; Vespula pensylvanica; Bait; Trapping; Pest control; Chemical stimuli; Attractants; Acetic acid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and Development of Lymantria mathura (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on North American, Asian, and European Tree Species AN - 17125049; 4428032 AB - The moth Lymantria mathura Moore is a polyphagous defoliator of forest and fruit trees in the Russian Far East, Japan, India, and China, and it would cause serious economic consequences if established in North America. To project the host range of this insect if accidentally introduced into North America, we examined survival and development of 1st instars of L. mathura on 24 broadleafed and conifer tree species from North America, Europe, and Asia. L. mathura performed well on hosts in the family Fagaceae regardless of the species origin. Survival and rate of development on European beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., and American beech, Fagus sylvatica L., was equivalent to survival on oriental oak, Quercus variabilis Blume. Performance of larvae was also high on white oak, Quercus alba L., and chestnut oak, Quercus prinus L. Suitability of other oaks, such as red oak, Quercus rubra L., black oak, Quercus velutina Lamarck, and pin oak, Quercus palustris Muenchh., was intermediate and equivalent to suitability of species from the families Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, and Oleaceae. Survival was poor on hosts from Aceraceae and Pinaceae. Comparison of host preferences and larval survival of L. mathura and of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), indicates differences between these species when tested on the same or congeneric host plants. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Zlotina, MA AU - Mastro, V C AU - Leonard, DE AU - Elkinton, J S AD - Otis Methods Development Center, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Otis ANGB, MA 02542-5008, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1162 EP - 1166 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Lymantria mathura KW - Survival KW - Development KW - Host plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17125049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Development+of+Lymantria+mathura+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+on+North+American%2C+Asian%2C+and+European+Tree+Species&rft.au=Zlotina%2C+MA%3BMastro%2C+V+C%3BLeonard%2C+DE%3BElkinton%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Zlotina&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria mathura; Survival; Trees; Host plants; Development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Toxin on the Mortality and Development of the Larval Stages of the Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) AN - 17123109; 4428022 AB - A 66-kDa subunit of the protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was isolated and incorporated into an insect diet to study its effect on mortality and development of the larval stages of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham. Intact B. thuringiensis caused death in approximately 48 h but the purified toxin had a range of effects depending on the dosage and the instar. Feeding stopped almost immediately when toxin was present in the diet, but death occurred over times that ranged up to 60 d or more. One microgram of toxin per ml of diet was sufficient to cause 100% mortality of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars and >80% of 5th instars. The total development time from the beginning of the 1st first instar to the pupal stage was 21.4 plus or minus 0.1 (mean plus or minus SEM) and 33.8 plus or minus 1.1 d (P < 0.05) d for the controls and surviving larvae that were fed a sublethal dosage of B. thuringiensis toxin, respectively. The LD sub(50) of the 3rd instar was estimated to be 0.152 plus or minus 0.016 mu g toxin per milliliter of diet. Fifty percent of 1st instars and greater than or equal to 80% of the later instars that were exposed to a lethal dosage of 1 mu g toxin per milliliter of diet recovered and resumed development if they were transferred to control diet without the toxin. The ability to recover after exposure to a lethal dosage may be helpful in strategies to delay development of resistance to the toxin. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Barker, J F AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1084 EP - 1088 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Pathogenicity KW - Cochylis hospes KW - Cochylidae KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17123109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subsp.+kurstaki+Toxin+on+the+Mortality+and+Development+of+the+Larval+Stages+of+the+Banded+Sunflower+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Cochylidae%29&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki; Cochylidae; Cochylis hospes; Biological control; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead and cadmium in Nile River water and finished drinking water in Greater Cairo, Egypt AN - 17113240; 4422049 AB - Lead and cadmium were measured in raw Nile River water and in finished drinking water at four treatment plants in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Samples were collected monthly during the period September 1993 to August 1994. The river water mean concentrations were 29.6 plus or minus 8.74 mu g/L for lead and 4.15 plus or minus 0.88 mu g/L for cadmium. These levels were 14 and 24 times less than levels reported in a study published in 1995 (Gomaa 1995). In the drinking water, the means were 9.93 plus or minus 0.5 mu g/L for lead and 2.2 plus or minus 0.63 mu g/L for cadmium. The drinking water mean concentrations were below internationally-recognized drinking water standards. Comparison of the raw and finished drinking water data showed that the water treatment facilities reduced concentrations of lead by 33% and cadmium by 53%. JF - Environment International AU - Mohamed, MAM AU - Osman, MA AU - Potter, T L AU - Levin, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, tpotterifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 767 EP - 772 VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - Egypt, Arab Rep., Cairo KW - Egypt, Arab Rep., Nile R. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Surface water KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Water analysis KW - Lead KW - Water treatment KW - Cadmium KW - Water treatment plants KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Rivers KW - Pollution detection KW - Chemical composition KW - River water KW - Drinking water KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17113240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=Lead+and+cadmium+in+Nile+River+water+and+finished+drinking+water+in+Greater+Cairo%2C+Egypt&rft.au=Mohamed%2C+MAM%3BOsman%2C+MA%3BPotter%2C+T+L%3BLevin%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Mohamed&rft.aufirst=MAM&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+International&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Chemical composition; Pollution detection; River water; Water treatment; Surface water; Cadmium; Water analysis; Wastewater treatment; Lead; Pollution control; Freshwater pollution; Water treatment plants; Drinking water; Egypt, Arab Rep., Cairo; Egypt, Arab Rep., Nile R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of enzymatically active, recombinant barley alpha -glucosidase in yeast and immunological detection of alpha -glucosidase from seed tissue AN - 17095378; 4405327 AB - An alpha -glucosidase cDNA clone derived from barley aleurone tissue was expressed in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. The gene was fused with the N-terminal region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha -factor secretory peptide and placed under control of the Pichia AOX1 promoter in the vector pPIC9. Enzymatically active, recombinant alpha -glucosidase was synthesized and secreted from the yeast upon induction with methanol. The enzyme hydrolyzed maltose > trehalose > nigerose > isomaltose. Maltase activity occurred over the pH range 3.5-6.3 with an optimum at pH 4.3, classifying the enzyme as an acid alpha -glucosidase. The enzyme had a K sub(m) of 1.88 mM and V sub(max) of 0.054 mu mol/min on maltose. The recombinant alpha -glucosidase expressed in E. coli was used to generate polyclonal antibodies. The antibodies detected 101 and 95 kDa forms of barley alpha -glucosidase early in seed germination. Their levels declined sharply later in germination, as an 81 kDa alpha -glucosidase became prominent. Synthesis of these proteins also occurred in isolated aleurones after treatment with gibberellin, and this was accompanied by a 14-fold increase in alpha -glucosidase enzyme activity. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Tibbot, B K AU - Henson, CA AU - Skadsen, R W AD - Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 379 EP - 391 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - barley KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Seeds KW - Escherichia coli KW - Pichia pastoris KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17095378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+enzymatically+active%2C+recombinant+barley+alpha+-glucosidase+in+yeast+and+immunological+detection+of+alpha+-glucosidase+from+seed+tissue&rft.au=Tibbot%2C+B+K%3BHenson%2C+CA%3BSkadsen%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Tibbot&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Hordeum vulgare; Pichia pastoris; Seeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of live canopy pruning on the chemical constituents of Douglas-fir vascular tissues. Implications for black bear tree selection AN - 17105681; 4400619 AB - The impact of live canopy pruning on the carbohydrate and terpene content of vascular tissue was investigated in the lower bole of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Cambial zone vascular tissue samples were collected from pruned and unpruned trees in the lower bole and within the live canopy. Current year's radial growth was estimated from the mass of vascular tissue removed from the 800 cm super(2) sample area. Chemical analyses were conducted to determine the concentration of carbohydrates and terpenes in the samples. Results indicated that two years following treatment, pruning resulted in reduced growth and decreased carbohydrate content of the vascular tissue. Pruning had no effect on the terpene concentration of the vascular tissue. The impact of pruning on the foraging selection of black bears (Ursus americanus) was evaluated by surveying bear damaged trees in a 50 acre stand of pruned and unpruned timber. Odds ratios indicate that black bears were four times more likely to forage unpruned Douglas-fir than pruned Douglas-fir. Tree selection may be explained in part to the higher availability of carbohydrates in the unpruned tree with respect to the pruned tree. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Kimball, BA AU - Nolte, D L AU - Griffin, D L AU - Dutton, S M AU - Ferguson, S AD - USDA/APHIS/NWRC 3350 Eastbrook Drive Ft. Collins, CO 80225 USA Y1 - 1998/09/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 16 SP - 51 EP - 56 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 109 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - American black bear KW - Black bear KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Oregon pine KW - Red fir KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Nutrient content KW - Foraging behavior KW - Ursus americanus KW - Allelochemicals KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Carbohydrates KW - Pruning KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+live+canopy+pruning+on+the+chemical+constituents+of+Douglas-fir+vascular+tissues.+Implications+for+black+bear+tree+selection&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BNolte%2C+D+L%3BGriffin%2C+D+L%3BDutton%2C+S+M%3BFerguson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Ursus americanus; Nutrient content; Foraging behavior; Pruning; Allelochemicals; Carbohydrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide AN - 17105479; 4400646 AB - Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings growing in two plantations were fumigated from 1992 to 1995 in open-top chambers with charcoal-filtered air (CF), ambient air (chamberless), one time ambient ozone (1X), twice ambient ozone (2X), or twice ambient ozone+twice ambient CO sub(2) (2X+CO sub(2)). Across all treatments and years, concentrations of foliar nitrogen (N) in yellow-poplar averaged 26.3 mg g super(-1) in June and decreased to 13.8 mg g super(-1) just prior to leaf senescence. While leaves from all treatments exhibited similar seasonal reductions, actual N concentrations were greatly affected by treatment. Ozone (O sub(3)) alone did not significantly alter foliar N concentrations; however, 2X+CO sub(2) decreased N concentrations by 18-40% depending on time of sampling. After one season of fumigation, 2X+CO sub(2)-exposed leaves of yellow-poplar decayed significantly more slowly than leaves from all other treatments. In contrast, white pine needles demonstrated few differences in N concentrations or decomposition during the first 3 years of fumigation. By the forth season, 2X+CO sub(2)-air significantly reduced N concentrations of current year needles. In needles grown in CF air N concentrations ranged from 14.8 mg g super(-1) in June to 17.2 mg g super(-1) in October. 2X+CO sub(2)-air reduced N levels in white pine by 10-23% depending on time of sampling. For both species, significant differences in N due to leaf age and canopy position must be taken into consideration when evaluating the data. Our experiments indicate that elevated CO sub(2) in the presence of elevated O sub(3) can reduce foliar N concentrations and reduce litter decay, thus affecting nutrient cycling. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Scherzer, A J AU - Rebbeck, J AU - Boerner, REJ AD - USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015 USA Y1 - 1998/09/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 16 SP - 355 EP - 366 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 109 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Easter white pine KW - Tulip poplar KW - carbon dioxide KW - nitrogen KW - ozone KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Needles KW - Pinus strobus KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Leaves KW - Nutrient dynamics KW - Decomposition KW - D 04803:Pollution effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Foliar+nitrogen+dynamics+and+decomposition+of+yellow-poplar+and+eastern+white+pine+during+four+seasons+of+exposure+to+elevated+ozone+and+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Scherzer%2C+A+J%3BRebbeck%2C+J%3BBoerner%2C+REJ&rft.aulast=Scherzer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liriodendron tulipifera; Pinus strobus; Leaves; Needles; Decomposition; Nutrient dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest plant diversity at local and landscape scales in the Cascade Mountains of southwestern Washington AN - 17104569; 4400644 AB - Old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest are known to support high levels of diversity across the varied landscapes they occupy. On 1200 plots distributed over the Cascade Mountains in southwestern Washington, climatic, physiographic, edaphic and floristic data were collected to evaluate the ecological characteristics of these coniferous forests and develop a classification framework useful in land management. The resulting abundance of data provided a unique opportunity to analyze plant diversity relationships at multiple levels and identify the environmental and biotic factors which influence diversity at local and landscape scales. Plant species richness and diversity were generally lower in communities characterized by environmental extremes (i.e. excessive or scarce moisture and severely cold, high elevation) than in mesic environments at low-to-middle elevations. Evenness among plant species was greatest at higher elevations, where severe climate limited the ability of any single or group of species to dominate. Species turnover rates were also higher near the environmental extremes. High turnover rates among mountain hemlock associations were attributed to highly variable topography and local microclimates which resulted in substantial geographical isolation and species specialization among site types. Moisture appeared to have the most influence on species richness (alpha diversity) and sequential turnover rates (beta diversity) at high elevations, where available water is seasonally limited by low temperatures. Temperature had the greatest influence on overall species turnover (gamma diversity) throughout the landscape. Species richness of the landscape (epsilon diversity) was quite accurately predicted (within 7% for temperature and moisture gradients) by a computational method which uses independent measures of alpha, beta and gamma diversity. Patterns of forest plant diversity appear to be the result of environmental conditions at larger scales and the complex interactions among biological and physical variables at smaller scales, within an historical context of stochastic disturbance events. Managers wishing to restore and sustain the high diversity characteristic of these old-growth coniferous forests will need to consider the respective roles of various biophysical factors and the disturbance dynamics in these unique ecosystems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AD - Research Ecologist, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2205 Columbia Drive SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA Y1 - 1998/09/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 16 SP - 323 EP - 341 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 109 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Landscape KW - Species diversity KW - Forests KW - Climatic conditions KW - Topography KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17104569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Forest+plant+diversity+at+local+and+landscape+scales+in+the+Cascade+Mountains+of+southwestern+Washington&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Species diversity; Climatic conditions; Topography; Forests; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An inventory of seasonal forest ponds on the Quabbin Reservoir watershed, Massachusetts AN - 17362649; 4517627 AB - Seasonal forest ponds are unique habitats, and are the principal breeding habitat for some amphibians and invertebrates. An inventory of these habitats on the Quabbin Reservoir (Swift River) watershed (48,500 ha) in central Massachusetts identified and mapped 430 ponds. Two-thirds of the ponds (n = 286) were less than 0.05 ha in surface area and only 14 percent of the ponds (n = 60) were larger than 0.1 ha. The ponds were significantly clustered in spatial distribution. The surface area and spatial distribution of ponds suggest that they may exhibit attributes of biological islands. Pond-breeding fauna with limited dispersal abilities may occur as metapopulations. The actual effects of pond surface area and the spatial distribution of ponds on pond fauna have not been adequately studied. The ponds now occur in a predominantly forested landscape, but from 1750 until early in the 20th century, the landscape was largely agricultural with scattered woodlots or fragmented forests. The effects of land-use change on the composition, relative density, and reproductive success of pond fauna are unknown. The inventory was conducted to provide information to develop studies to investigate the effects of pond size, location, and forest history on pond fauna. JF - Northeastern Naturalist AU - Brooks, R T AU - Stone, J AU - Lyons, P AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 201 Holdsworth NRC, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-4230, USA Y1 - 1998/09/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 15 SP - 219 EP - 230 PB - Allen Press, Inc. VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1092-6194, 1092-6194 KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Geographical distribution KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - Surveys KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Watersheds KW - Habitat KW - Island biogeography KW - Ponds KW - Land use KW - Habitats KW - Fauna KW - Islands KW - Mapping KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09161:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17362649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=An+inventory+of+seasonal+forest+ponds+on+the+Quabbin+Reservoir+watershed%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Brooks%2C+R+T%3BStone%2C+J%3BLyons%2C+P&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-09-15&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.issn=10926194&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fauna; Geographical distribution; Islands; Ecological distribution; Surveys; Mapping; Habitat; Watersheds; Land use; Ponds; Spatial distribution; Island biogeography; Land Use; Habitats; Spatial Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of commercial barley cultivars AN - 17516385; 4703730 AB - Genotypic restrictions on plant regeneration from cultured cells have hindered the genetic transformation of most barley cultivars. Optimizing culturing protocols for specific cultivars of commercial interest may facilitate their genetic transformation. Plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of `Harrington', `Morex', and `Hector' as affected by certain protocol modifications was examined in replicated experiments. Regeneration was improved for all cultivars by separately autoclaving certain components of the culture media and by reducing the amount of embryogenic callus cultured per petri dish. Regeneration improvements in response to various concentrations of copper and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were more genotype specific. This study suggests that the development and use of genotype-specific protocols can enhance plant regeneration. Enhancements in plant regeneration are expected to facilitate the transformation of commercial barley germplasm. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Bregitzer, P AU - Dahleen, L S AU - Campbell, R D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA, pbregit@uidaho.edu Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 941 EP - 945 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - barley KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Regeneration KW - Callus culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17516385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+plant+regeneration+from+embryogenic+callus+of+commercial+barley+cultivars&rft.au=Bregitzer%2C+P%3BDahleen%2C+L+S%3BCampbell%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Bregitzer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990050514 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hordeum vulgare; Regeneration; Transformation; Callus culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050514 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The characterization and structure-activity evaluation of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids from two Delphinium species. AN - 73948435; 9748371 AB - A new N-(methylsuccinimido)anthranoyllycoctonine norditerpenoid alkaloid, geyerline, has been isolated and characterized from extracts of the poisonous larkspur Delphinium glaucum. A previously described norditerpenoid alkaloid, grandiflorine, has also been isolated from Delphinium geyeri. Both alkaloids are closely related structurally to the potent neurotoxin methyllycaconitine, established as the primary toxin in many larkspurs poisonous to cattle. Mouse bioassay tests showed grandiflorine to possess toxicity comparable to methyllycaconitine, while its synthetically derived monoacetate, grandiflorine acetate, and geyerline are significantly less toxic. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, K E AU - Pfister, J A AU - Ralphs, M H AU - James, L F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California, USA. gmann@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1086 EP - 1089 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Diterpenes -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Diterpenes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73948435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=The+characterization+and+structure-activity+evaluation+of+toxic+norditerpenoid+alkaloids+from+two+Delphinium+species.&rft.au=Manners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BPfister%2C+J+A%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Manners&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1086&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a simple enzyme immunoassay for blood haptoglobin concentration in cattle and its application in improving food safety. AN - 73909873; 9736384 AB - To verify the role of haptoglobin, a major acute-phase reactant protein in cattle, as a marker to identify health/disease status in cattle and further assess its potential in improving food safety. Serum samples from various cattle groups: clinically normal cattle comprising steers (n = 157) and culled dairy cows (n = 92) before death (antemortem [AM]); retained carcasses (n = 57) railed off the line during postmortem (PM) inspection; and apparently AM normal culled dairy cows (n = 57). Efficacy of the simplified monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay was established by comparing results of haptoglobin tests performed independently on aliquots of serum samples by 3 laboratories. Haptoglobin concentration was significantly (P< or = 0.0001) different between the PM retained carcass group (n = 57) and the AM steer (n = 157) and culled dairy cow (n = 92) groups. In addition, haptoglobin concentration in AM steers (n = 157) and culled dairy cows (n = 92) was significantly (P < or = 0.0012) different, possibly reflecting a higher percentage of underlying pathologic or inflammatory conditions in animals of the latter group. Evaluation in 3 laboratories of sera from a group of culled dairy cows (n = 57), each laboratory performing a different test procedure, indicated that correlation of haptoglobin concentrations was good between the reported test procedure and the unmodified test and the classical hemoglobin-binding assay that measures peroxidase activity. Haptoglobin determination is effective in identifying diseased and healthy cattle. It may be a potentially important tool for application at the farm and slaughterhouse as an aid in improving food safety. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Saini, P K AU - Riaz, M AU - Webert, D W AU - Eckersall, P D AU - Young, C R AU - Stanker, L H AU - Chakrabarti, E AU - Judkins, J C AD - Pathology and Serology Division, Food Safety and Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1101 EP - 1107 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Haptoglobins KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Optics and Photonics KW - Sheep KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Haptoglobins -- analysis KW - Cattle Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73909873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+simple+enzyme+immunoassay+for+blood+haptoglobin+concentration+in+cattle+and+its+application+in+improving+food+safety.&rft.au=Saini%2C+P+K%3BRiaz%2C+M%3BWebert%2C+D+W%3BEckersall%2C+P+D%3BYoung%2C+C+R%3BStanker%2C+L+H%3BChakrabarti%2C+E%3BJudkins%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Saini&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic alcohol intake reduces retinoic acid concentration and enhances AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos) expression in rat liver. AN - 73909867; 9731567 AB - Chronic ethanol intake may interfere with retinoid signal transduction by inhibiting retinoic acid synthesis and by enhancing activator protein-1 (AP-1) (c-Jun and c-Fos) expression, thereby contributing to malignant transformation. To determine the effect of ethanol on hepatic retinoid levels, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos) gene expression, chronic ethanol (36% of total calorie intake) pair-feeding was conducted on rats for a 1-month period. Retinoic acid, retinol, and retinyl ester concentrations in both liver and plasma were examined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both retinoic acid receptor (alpha, beta, gamma) and AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos) expression in the rat liver were examined by using Western blot analysis. Treatment with high-dose ethanol led to a significant reduction of retinoic acid concentration in both the liver and the plasma (11- and 8.5-fold reduction, respectively), as compared with animals pair-fed an isocaloric control diet containing the same amount of vitamin A. Similar to the retinoic acid reductions, both retinol and retinyl palmitate levels in the livers of the alcohol-fed group decreased significantly, but in smaller fold reduction (6.5- and 2.6-fold reduction, respectively). Ethanol did not modulate the expression of RARalpha, -beta, and -gamma genes in the liver. However, chronic alcohol feeding enhanced AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos) expression by 7- to 8-fold, as compared with the control group. These data suggest that functional downregulation of RARs by inhibiting biosynthesis of retinoic acid and up-regulation of AP-1 gene expression may be important mechanisms for causing malignant transformation by ethanol. JF - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) AU - Wang, X D AU - Liu, C AU - Chung, J AU - Stickel, F AU - Seitz, H K AU - Russell, R M AD - USDA JM Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 744 EP - 750 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0270-9139, 0270-9139 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid -- analysis KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- biosynthesis KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73909867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.atitle=Chronic+alcohol+intake+reduces+retinoic+acid+concentration+and+enhances+AP-1+%28c-Jun+and+c-Fos%29+expression+in+rat+liver.&rft.au=Wang%2C+X+D%3BLiu%2C+C%3BChung%2C+J%3BStickel%2C+F%3BSeitz%2C+H+K%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.issn=02709139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide residues in leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. coca plants treated with soil-applied tebuthiuron and hexazinone. AN - 73906942; 9731307 AB - The herbicide residue levels in leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. coca Lam. plants treated with soil applications of tebuthiuron and hexazinone at 3.36 and 6.72 kg a.i. ha-1 were determined in order to estimate the potential for human exposure to these residues from consuming the leaves or cocaine produced from them. Field-grown plants were treated with a commercial formulation of tebuthiuron or hexazinone and leaves were harvested at the first indication of herbicide injury (i.e. chlorosis and/or necrosis) and at the onset of leaf abscission. Herbicide residues were detected by HPLC in leaf samples from both harvests of all plants treated with tebuthiuron or hexazinone. At 3.36 kg ha-1, herbicide residues in the leaves were less than 2 micrograms g-1 dry wt. for both harvests of both experiments. The highest residue levels detected were 5.90 micrograms g-1 dry wt. for tebuthiuron and 7.17 micrograms g-1 dry wt. for hexazinone in leaves from plants treated with the herbicide at the rate of 6.72 kg ha-1 and harvested at the onset of leaf drop. Based on published toxicity data and estimates of leaf consumption, the herbicide residues in leaves of E. coca var. coca plants treated with tebuthiuron or hexazinone at twice the recommended control rates or less would have a negligible contribution to the health risks of individuals who chew coca leaves. Furthermore, based on the most conservative estimates of cocaine yield and herbicide carry over, death by cocaine overdose would occur long before the NOEL for either herbicide was reached. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Lydon, J AU - Darlington, L AD - Weed Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 581 EP - 594 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Methylurea Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Triazines KW - tebuthiuron KW - E5OX6GM11E KW - hexazinone KW - Y51727MR1Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Triazines -- analysis KW - Cacao KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Methylurea Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73906942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Herbicide+residues+in+leaves+of+Erythroxylum+coca+var.+coca+plants+treated+with+soil-applied+tebuthiuron+and+hexazinone.&rft.au=Lydon%2C+J%3BDarlington%2C+L&rft.aulast=Lydon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eggshell characteristics and penetration by Salmonella through the productive life of a broiler breeder flock. AN - 73906145; 9733137 AB - Egg weight, specific gravity, conductance, and ability of Salmonella to penetrate the shell and membranes were determined for hatching eggs from a commercial broiler breeder flock. Thirty unsanitized eggs were sampled on Weeks 29, 34, 39, 42, 48, 52, and 56 of flock age for specific gravity and conductance. An additional 10 intact eggs were inoculated with Salmonella by a temperature differential immersion method for 1 min. Eggs were then emptied of contents and filled with a selective medium that allowed visualization of Salmonella growth on the inside of the shell and membrane complex. Over the 27-wk sampling period, egg weight increased from 56 to 66 g and was positively correlated with hen age (r = 0.96, P 0.05). No relationship was found between egg specific gravity, conductance, or egg weight and the likelihood of Salmonella to penetrate the eggshell. Because shell characteristics did not change over time and the penetration patterns did vary, it is likely that factors other than specific gravity and conductance were involved in the penetration of eggshells by Salmonella. JF - Poultry science AU - Berrang, M E AU - Frank, J F AU - Buhr, R J AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, N A AU - Mauldin, J AD - USDA-ARS, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1446 EP - 1450 VL - 77 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Female KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Physiological Phenomena KW - Egg Shell -- physiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73906145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Eggshell+characteristics+and+penetration+by+Salmonella+through+the+productive+life+of+a+broiler+breeder+flock.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BFrank%2C+J+F%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BBailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BMauldin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Campylobacter in crops of preharvest market-age broiler chickens. AN - 73905811; 9733117 AB - Previous research has identified cecal and intestinal contents as sources for Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses in the processing plant. During the present study, we evaluated the crop contents of preharvest market-age broilers as a potential reservoir of field-derived Campylobacter in the processing plant. Crops were collected aseptically from 40 randomly selected market-age broilers in each of nine commercial broiler flocks. Ceca were collected from broilers in six of the same flocks for comparison with the crop samples. The presence of Campylobacter in the crops and ceca was determined by enrichment culture in Bolton broth followed by culture on Campy-Ceflex plates. Campylobacter was isolated from the crop contents of broilers in seven of the nine flocks and from the cecal contents in three of six flocks. The incidence of Campylobacter-positive crop samples among all birds evaluated (224/359; 62%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the number of positive cecal samples (9/240; 4%). The results indicate that the incidence of Campylobacter contamination of crop contents may exceed that of the cecal contents by as much as 37-fold in some broiler flocks, and may represent a critical preprocessing control point in reducing Campylobacter entry into the processing plant. JF - Poultry science AU - Byrd, J A AU - Corrier, D E AU - Hume, M E AU - Bailey, R H AU - Stanker, L H AU - Hargis, B M AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. BYRD@USDA.TAMU.EDU Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1303 EP - 1305 VL - 77 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Crop, Avian -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73905811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Campylobacter+in+crops+of+preharvest+market-age+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Byrd%2C+J+A%3BCorrier%2C+D+E%3BHume%2C+M+E%3BBailey%2C+R+H%3BStanker%2C+L+H%3BHargis%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide concentration variations correlated with well bore volume removal in shallow coastal plain ground water. AN - 73862890; 9731308 AB - The effects of well bore volume removal (Vn) on the concentration of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxy methyl) acetamide] and prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in ground water obtained from three monitoring wells installed in the Coastal Plain region of North Carolina was investigated. Seasonal effects were also investigated by conducting the exercise in February and May. In the majority of cases, the lowest pesticide concentrations occurred in the initial well bore volume (V1 = stagnant water). Removal of additional well bore volumes (V2 to V10) from two of the wells resulted in pesticide concentrations that did not vary substantially. This indicates that a representative aquifer sample was obtainable, in most cases from these wells, after removal of the initial well bore volume. In contrast, a third well required the purging of two well bore volumes before a stable alachlor concentration was achieved. Seasonal effects of bore volume removal vs. pesticide concentrations for the three wells were not significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that a protocol for improved accuracy in pesticide analyses of ground water can be obtained by establishing a pesticide concentration-purging (well bore volume) relationship for each well. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Novak, J M AU - Watts, D W AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 609 EP - 621 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Triazines KW - prometone KW - 1610-18-0 KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - North Carolina KW - Water Pollution, Chemical KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Triazines -- analysis KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73862890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Pesticide+concentration+variations+correlated+with+well+bore+volume+removal+in+shallow+coastal+plain+ground+water.&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BWatts%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Synovex-S and recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove) on growth responses of steers: III. Muscle growth and protein responses. AN - 69974542; 9781491 AB - We conducted this study to determine whether the growth responses of specific skeletal muscles in crossbred beef steers were differentially affected by treatment with recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove, SbV, .1 mg/kg BW, i.m., daily), Synovex-S (200 mg progesterone + 20 mg 17-beta estradiol benzoate, SYN, ear implant), or a combination of the two. Starting body weights of steers averaged 182+/-1.8 kg. Five steers were used at this average BW to obtain data on weight and composition of individual muscles at d 0, and 20 other steers were assigned in equal numbers to control (C, no implant and placebo daily injection), SYN, SbV, and SYN + SbV treatment groups. After 56 d of treatment with placebo or growth promoters, complete rectus femoris (RF), triceps brachii (TB), supraspinatus (SS), psoas major (PM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were dissected, weighed, and then ground for determination of moisture, total protein, and fat. To calculate the average daily muscle wet weight, protein, and fat gains, the initial weight, protein content, and fat content of a muscle were subtracted from those obtained at slaughter and the difference divided by 56. Muscle weight was increased over C in TB and SS by SYN (P < .1); in TB by SbV (P < .09); and in RF (P < .05), TB (P < .03), and SS (P < .03) by SYN + SbV. Overall average daily wet tissue gain was increased over C by SbV + SYN (P < .05) in RF, TB, and SS. Average daily protein gain in RF and TB was increased by SYN (P < .1), SbV (P < .06), and SYN + SbV (P < .01) over that calculated for C. For RF, TB, and SS, average daily protein gain was greater (P < . 1) in SbV + SYN than that obtained with SbV or SYN alone. These data suggest that administration of growth promoters, such as somatotropin and Synovex, to cattle differentially affects growth characteristics in certain muscles and can have additive effects on protein gain when used together. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Elsasser, T H AU - Rumsey, T S AU - Kahl, S AU - Czerwinski, S M AU - Moseley, W M AU - Ono, Y AU - Solomon, M B AU - Harris, F AU - Fagan, J M AD - Growth Biology Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 2346 EP - 2353 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination KW - 8000-03-1 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Muscle Development KW - Random Allocation KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Adipose Tissue -- drug effects KW - Adipose Tissue -- growth & development KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Muscle Proteins -- metabolism KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cattle -- growth & development KW - Progesterone -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- growth & development KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69974542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Synovex-S+and+recombinant+bovine+growth+hormone+%28Somavubove%29+on+growth+responses+of+steers%3A+III.+Muscle+growth+and+protein+responses.&rft.au=Elsasser%2C+T+H%3BRumsey%2C+T+S%3BKahl%2C+S%3BCzerwinski%2C+S+M%3BMoseley%2C+W+M%3BOno%2C+Y%3BSolomon%2C+M+B%3BHarris%2C+F%3BFagan%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Elsasser&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening of Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) populations for pyrethroid resistance-associated sodium channel gene mutations by using a polymerase chain reaction assay. AN - 69968640; 9775598 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based rapid screening procedure was developed to test individual horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), for the presence of a specific nucleotide substitution in the sodium channel gene sequence that has been associated with pyrethroid resistance. By a systematic optimization of reaction conditions and judicious choice of PCR primers differing in DNA sequence by a single nucleotide, we identified pyrethroid-susceptible or resistant sodium channel alleles in individual flies. Laboratory and field populations were examined by both the PCR assay and conventional filter paper bioassays with the pyrethroid cyhalothrin to verify that populations containing greater proportions of individuals with the resistant sodium channel allele DNA sequence also had higher bioassay LC50 values. The PCR assay for resistance alleles gave definitive information on the genotype of an individual fly and detected the presence of heterozygous individuals that might serve as reservoirs of resistance genes in field populations. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Guerrero, F D AU - Kunz, S E AU - Kammlah, D AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 710 EP - 715 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Sodium Channels KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Point Mutation KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Sodium Channels -- physiology KW - Muscidae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69968640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Screening+of+Haematobia+irritans+irritans+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+populations+for+pyrethroid+resistance-associated+sodium+channel+gene+mutations+by+using+a+polymerase+chain+reaction+assay.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+F+D%3BKunz%2C+S+E%3BKammlah%2C+D&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=710&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A screening method for beta-lactams in tissues hydrolyzed with penicillinase I and lactamase II. AN - 69957750; 9772738 AB - Antibiotic residues above tolerance levels are not allowed in foods derived from farm animals. Microbial inhibition assays are used to screen antibiotics in U.S. regulatory laboratories. We developed a screening approach to classify beta-lactams through selective hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring with Penase or lactamase II, thereby inactivating the beta-lactam activity. Optimum conditions for hydrolysis of beta-lactams with Penase and lactamase II were determined. beta-Lactams were detected by a microbial inhibition assay and with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before and after hydrolysis. beta-Lactams (10-100 ppb) were spiked in kidney extracts and hydrolyzed. Results indicate a pattern that tentatively classified the beta-lactams into 3 subgroups. Desfuroyl-ceftiofur-cysteine, a major metabolite of ceftiofur, was clearly detected. Penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin were distinguishable from cephapirin, ceftiofur metabolite, and high levels of hetacillin. Liver and kidney tissue samples were analyzed with the combined enzyme hydrolysis and screening assays, which tentatively identified the residues. This approach can speed up screening analysis of beta-lactam residues prior to identification and quantitation by chromatographic analysis, thus enhancing positive identification of residues to provide a safer food supply. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Medina, M B AU - Poole, D J AU - Anderson, M R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 963 EP - 972 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - beta-Lactams KW - Penicillinase KW - EC 3.5.2.- KW - beta-Lactamases KW - EC 3.5.2.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Hydrolysis KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Penicillinase -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - beta-Lactamases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69957750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=A+screening+method+for+beta-lactams+in+tissues+hydrolyzed+with+penicillinase+I+and+lactamase+II.&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BPoole%2C+D+J%3BAnderson%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne illness in the elderly. AN - 69952541; 9766083 AB - The elderly (> or = 65 years of age) are more susceptible to morbidity and mortality from foodborne-induced gastroenteritis than younger individuals. Several factors contribute to the increased susceptibility to foodborne infections as well as other infections in elderly populations. These include an age-associated decrease in humoral and cellular immunity, age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract (decreased production of gastric acid and decreased intestinal motility), malnutrition, lack of exercise, entry into nursing homes, and excessive use of antibiotics. Data from foodborne outbreaks associated with nursing homes indicate that the elderly are more likely to die from foodborne Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus infections than the general population. Infections by Salmonella species are the most common cause of illness and death in nursing homes with Salmonella enteritidis as the major cause of both morbidity and mortality. While it is impossible to turn back the clock, practicing a healthy life-style with regular exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, receiving regular health care, paying attention to personal hygiene, and monitoring food preparation and handling should lead to a reduced incidence of foodborne and other infections in the elderly. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Smith, J L AD - Department of Microbial Food Safety, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. jsmith@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1229 EP - 1239 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- immunology KW - Aging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69952541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Foodborne+illness+in+the+elderly.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microwave remote sensing of temporal variations of brightness temperature and near-surface soil water content during a watershed-scale field experiment, and its application to the estimation of soil physical properties AN - 50164508; 1999-014694 AB - Passive microwave airborne remote sensing was employed to collect daily brightness temperature (T (sub B ) ) and near-surface (0-5 cm depth) soil water content (referred to as "soil water content") data during June 10-18, 1992, in the Little Washita watershed, Oklahoma. A comparison of multitemporal data with the soils data revealed a direct correlation between changes in T (sub B ) and soil water content, and soil texture. Regression relationships were developed for the ratio of percent sand to percent clay (RSC) and effective saturated hydraulic conductivity (K (sub sat) ) in terms of T (sub B ) and soil water content change. Validation of results indicated that both RSC and K (sub sat) can be estimated with adequate accuracy. The relationships are valid for the region with small variation of soil organic matter content, soils with fewer macropores, and limiting experimental conditions. However, the findings have potential to employ microwave remote sensing for obtaining quick estimates of soil properties over large areas. Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Mattikalli, Nandish M AU - Engman, Edwin T AU - Jackson, Thomas J AU - Ahuja, Laj R Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 2289 EP - 2299 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - water KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - rainfall KW - geophysical methods KW - watersheds KW - temperature KW - ground water KW - microwave methods KW - lithofacies KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - water content KW - soil-water balance KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - remote sensing KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50164508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Microwave+remote+sensing+of+temporal+variations+of+brightness+temperature+and+near-surface+soil+water+content+during+a+watershed-scale+field+experiment%2C+and+its+application+to+the+estimation+of+soil+physical+properties&rft.au=Mattikalli%2C+Nandish+M%3BEngman%2C+Edwin+T%3BJackson%2C+Thomas+J%3BAhuja%2C+Laj+R&rft.aulast=Mattikalli&rft.aufirst=Nandish&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F98WR00553 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - experimental studies; geophysical methods; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; lithofacies; microwave methods; physical properties; rainfall; remote sensing; runoff; soil-water balance; soils; temperature; water; water content; water regimes; watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98WR00553 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elucidation of the microbial complex having a causal role in the development of apple replant disease in Washington AN - 17576134; 4536913 AB - Systematic studies were conducted to elucidate the role of different soil microbial groups in the development of apple replant disease. Populations of targeted microorganisms were reduced by the application of semi-selective biocides and soil pasteurization. Bacteria were not implicated in the disease, because application of the antibiotic chloramphenicol reduced soil populations of bacteria but failed to improve growth of apple transplants, while enhanced growth was achieved at pasteurization temperatures that did not alter attributes of the bacterial community recovered from apple roots. Populations of Pratylenchus penetrans were below the damage threshold level in eight of nine orchards surveyed, and nematicide applications failed to enhance apple growth in four of five replant soils tested, indicating that plant parasitic nematodes have a minor role or no role in disease development. Application of the fungicide difenconazole or metalaxyl enhanced growth of apple in all five replant soils, as did fludioxinil in the two soils tested. Soil pasteurization enhanced growth of apple and resulted in specific changes in the composition of the fungal community isolated from the roots of apple seedlings grown in these treated soils. Cylindrocarpon destructans, Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani were consistently isolated from symptomatic trees in the field and were pathogenic to apple. However, the composition of the Pythium and Rhizoctonia component and the relative contribution of any one component of this fungal complex to disease development varied among the study orchards. These findings clearly demonstrate that fungi are the dominant causal agents of apple replant disease in Washington state. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 930 EP - 938 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - apple replant disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA, Washington KW - Plant diseases KW - Fruit trees KW - Pathogens KW - Malus domestica KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17576134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Elucidation+of+the+microbial+complex+having+a+causal+role+in+the+development+of+apple+replant+disease+in+Washington&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; USA, Washington; Fruit trees; Pathogens; Plant diseases; Soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of various fungal and bacterial biocontrol organisms for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato AN - 17573909; 4479082 AB - Numerous fungi and bacteria, including existing biocontrol strains with known activity against soilborne fungal pathogens as well as isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the field, were tested for their efficacy in controlling Fusarium wilt of tomato. Tomato seedlings were treated with the potential biocontrol agents in the greenhouse and transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil. Organisms tested included nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, and others. Specific nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani collected from a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil were the most effective antagonists, providing significant and consistent disease control (50 to 80% reduction of disease incidence) in several repeated tests. These isolates also were equally effective in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases of other crops, including watermelon and muskmelon. Other organisms, including isolates of G. virens, T. hamatum, P. fluorescens, and B. cepacia, also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt compared to disease controls (30 to 65% reduction), but were not as consistently effective as the nonpathogenic Fusarium isolates. Commercially available biocontrol products containing G. virens and T. harzianum (SoilGard and RootShield, respectively) also effectively reduced disease (62 to 68% reduction) when granules were incorporated into potting medium at 0.2% (wt/vol). Several fungal and bacterial isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato, but were no more effective than other previously identified biocontrol strains. Combinations of antagonists, including multiple Fusarium isolates, Fusarium with bacteria, and Fusarium with other fungi, also reduced disease, but did not provide significantly better control than the nonpathogenic Fusarium antagonists alone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Larkin, R P AU - Fravel AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rlarkin@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1022 EP - 1028 VL - 82 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Fusarium KW - Plant diseases KW - Plant protection KW - Trichoderma KW - Gliocladium virens KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Wilt KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17573909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+various+fungal+and+bacterial+biocontrol+organisms+for+control+of+Fusarium+wilt+of+tomato&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P%3BFravel&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Trichoderma; Gliocladium virens; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Burkholderia cepacia; Lycopersicon esculentum; Biological control; Wilt; Plant protection; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic inference based on information theory-based PCR amplification AN - 17568181; 4423736 AB - As a method for the determination of the taxonomic affinities of plant pathogens and other organisms, a set of 'universal' polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers which amplify a taxonomically diverse sequence domain of 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were designed. The PCR primers chosen by information-theory analysis generated PCR products using DNA templates from a wide diversity of organisms. Sequences of PCR products were then obtained which allowed phylogenetic dendrograms to be constructed. Based on the above analysis, the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans clustered with the protist Prorocentrum micans rather than with representatives of the true fungi, consistent with its designation as a 'pseudofungus'. Magnaporthe grisea, another important plant pathogen, clustered with the true fungi as expected. The approach described can be used with other plant pathogens to clarify phylogeny of new or ambiguously designated species. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Tooley, P W AU - Salvo, J J AU - Schneider, T D AU - Rogan, P K AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 Ditto Ave., Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5023, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 427 EP - 430 VL - 146 IS - 8-9 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Plant diseases KW - Bioassays KW - Fungi KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pathogens KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17568181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+inference+based+on+information+theory-based+PCR+amplification&rft.au=Tooley%2C+P+W%3BSalvo%2C+J+J%3BSchneider%2C+T+D%3BRogan%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Tooley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polymerase chain reaction; Bioassays; Phylogeny; Fungi; Pathogens; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Runoff and Sediment from a Wheat-Pea Rotation in Northeastern Oregon AN - 17374935; 4591512 AB - Runoff and erosion from cultivated fields are suggested as major sources of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) entering lakes and streams. Loss of them nutrients can be impacted by soil and crop management practices. There is relatively little information on nutrients leaving agricultural fields in the dryland areas of the Pacific Northwest, especially as impacted by different crops and crop rotations. Nutrients in surface runoff and soil leaving a series of plots in northeast Oregon were evaluated for 5 yr. Objectives were to evaluate the effects of a wheat-pea (Triticum aestivium L.-Pisum sativum L.) rotation on N and P in surface runoff and eroded soil. Cumulative N and P lost in runoff were less than 3 and 0.2 kg ha super(-1), respectively. Total N lost from continuous fallow (CF) plots, even though they were never fertilized, ranged from 20 to 100 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1). This was much more N than was lost from winter wheat (WW) (5-70 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1)) and spring pea (SP) (25-40 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1)), because there was much more sediment loss from CF than from WW or SP plots. The same scenario occurred with P as with N, with loss from CF of 8 to 48 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1), WW of 2 to 28 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1), and from SP of 8 to 16 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1). All fertilizer was surface-applied and 25 to 76% of the fertilizer applied was lost in 5 yr, depending on the time of fertilizer application and the type of crop growing. Nutrient loss from these fields can be controlled by controlling soil erosion. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Douglas, CL Jr AU - King, KA AU - Zuzel, J F AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA, clyde.douglas@orst.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1170 EP - 1177 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pisum sativum KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA, Oregon, Northeast KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Surface Runoff KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Phosphorus KW - Surface Water KW - Soil erosion KW - Crops KW - Fertilizers KW - USA, Oregon KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Nutrient loss KW - Environment management KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17374935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+Phosphorus+in+Surface+Runoff+and+Sediment+from+a+Wheat-Pea+Rotation+in+Northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Douglas%2C+CL+Jr%3BKing%2C+KA%3BZuzel%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Fertilizers; Eutrophication; Phosphorus; Agricultural runoff; Nitrogen; Soil erosion; Environment management; Nutrient loss; Crops; Surface Runoff; Water Pollution Sources; Agricultural Practices; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Surface Water; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion; USA, Oregon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-Climate Effects on Nitrate Leaching from Cattle Excreta AN - 17373721; 4591498 AB - Management intensive grazing (MIG) is a grazing system in which animals at a high stocking density are rotated through several paddocks at short time intervals (12-24 h) so that animal performance is maximized. Although MIG has the potential to increase dairy farm profitability in the northeast USA, recent work in this region has shown that a substantial amount of N recycled through urine is leached below the root zone. How soil properties, particularly water-holding capacity, can affect NO sub(3)-N leaching from beneath urine and feces spots under the climatic conditions of the northeast USA is not known. We conducted a field study to measure NO sub(3)-N leaching loss from spring-, summer-, and fall-applied urine and summer applied feces beneath N-fertilized orchardgrass (Dactyls glomerata L., cv. Pennlate) using large drainage lysimeters installed in two soils that differed greatly in soil water storage capacity. The study sites were located in central Pennsylvania on a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) and a Hartleton channery silt loam (loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult). Compared to the Hagerstown soil, the Hartleton soil provided an 85% decrease in plant N uptake, a 52% increase in leachate volume, but no significant increase in NO sub(3)-N leaching beneath urine spots. However, the lower soil water-holding capacity of the Hartleton soil caused the NO sub(3)-N leaching losses to be more evenly distributed over the year. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Stout, W L AU - Gburek, W J AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Folmar, G J AU - Weaver AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, wsl@psu.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 992 EP - 998 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Dactyls glomerata KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - cattle manure KW - seasonal variations KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Farms KW - Manure KW - Organic wastes KW - Soil KW - Soils KW - Lysimeters KW - Soil Properties KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Animal wastes KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Grazing KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Excretory products KW - Dairies KW - Cattle KW - Urine KW - Excretion KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Soil-Climate+Effects+on+Nitrate+Leaching+from+Cattle+Excreta&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R%3BFolmar%2C+G+J%3BWeaver&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Manure; Leaching; Organic wastes; Nitrates; Climate; Soils; Excretory products; Agricultural runoff; Soil; Cattle; Dairies; Animal wastes; Urine; Excretion; Nitrogen; Farms; Grazing; Climates; Lysimeters; Soil Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide Distribution and Variability Across Goodwater Creek Watershed in North Central Missouri AN - 17372408; 4591499 AB - One objective of the Missouri Management Systems Evaluation Area was to monitor and assess surface water quality, including spatial and temporal variability in herbicide concentrations within the 7250 ha Goodwater Creek Watershed. Stream water was sampled at all stream-road intersections across the watershed on 10 occasions in 1993 and 1994. Maps of herbicide distribution established that widespread, seasonal contamination of streams in Goodwater Creek Watershed was due to nonpoint sources (e.g., widespread, but normal farm use) rather than from point sources. Box plots documented concentration variability over time. Concentrations of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), deethylatrazine [2,4-diamino-6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine], deisopropylatrazine [2,4-diamino-6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N- (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] were also monitored at least weekly from 1993 to 1994 at three V-notch weirs through which 16.7, 43.4, and 100% of the watershed drained. Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor were detected year round at concentrations above 0.1 mu g/L. Atrazine concentrations observed at weirs were occasionally > 100 mu g/L and were similar to edge-of-field concentrations observed elsewhere shortly after spraying in May to June, probably because the watershed's poorly drained, silt loam soils contain a restrictive claypan horizon that limits infiltration and encourages surface runoff. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Donald, W W AU - Hjelmfelt, AT Jr AU - Alberts, EE AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Res. Unit, 269 Agric. Eng., UMC, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, donaldw@missouri.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 999 EP - 1008 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Missouri, Goodwater Creek Watershed KW - deethylatrazine KW - metolachlor KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water sampling KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Water quality control KW - River water KW - Atrazine KW - Soils KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Herbicide+Distribution+and+Variability+Across+Goodwater+Creek+Watershed+in+North+Central+Missouri&rft.au=Donald%2C+W+W%3BHjelmfelt%2C+AT+Jr%3BAlberts%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Pollution monitoring; River water; Agricultural pollution; Soils; Pollution dispersion; Herbicides; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Runoff; Water sampling; Atrazine; Nonpoint pollution; Streams; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological productivity of chanterelle mushrooms in and near the Olympic Peninsula Biosphere Reserve AN - 17367083; 4523550 AB - Burgeoning commercial harvests of wild edible fungi (Cantharellus formosus and C. subalbidus) from the forests of the Pacific Northwest in the United States and Canada have prompted land managers and scientists to begin monitoring the nature and impacts of this activity. This pilot study explores the unique sampling challenges that wild mushroom monitoring entails, especially the large sample area (0.4 ha or greater) and repeated visits, 3 to 6, needed to obtain reasonable estimates of unit-area productivity, given the spatial and temporal clustering of mushroom fruiting. During two years of sampling in various forest types on several land ownerships around the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, a 3- to 20-fold, and occasionally greater, difference in productivity was noted between the most productive site and all the other sites. For forests in which harvesting was prohibited, a regression equation was developed that estimated the weight of nonharvested mushrooms from average cap diameters. Moisture contents of harvested mushrooms typically ranged from 80% to 95%, depending on weather conditions, but specimens as dry as 57% were found. Difficulties encountered with sampling chanterelles by commercial grade and correlating fruiting with site conditions are discussed. The paper concludes by considering the application of these results to future forest mushroom monitoring. JF - Ambio AU - Pilz, D AU - Molina, R AU - Liegel, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, pilzd@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 8 EP - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - biological productivity KW - USA, Washington, Olympic Peninsula KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Yield KW - Cantharellus KW - Basidiocarps KW - Mushroom culture KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Biological+productivity+of+chanterelle+mushrooms+in+and+near+the+Olympic+Peninsula+Biosphere+Reserve&rft.au=Pilz%2C+D%3BMolina%2C+R%3BLiegel%2C+L&rft.aulast=Pilz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cantharellus; Basidiocarps; Mushroom culture; Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The MAB Mushroom Study: Background and concerns AN - 17366001; 4523549 AB - Pacific Northwest planners and economic developers have worked hard the past decade creating new jobs to offset steadily declining incomes from timber harvesting and processing industries. Among these new jobs are increasing harvests of nontimber or special forest products such as floral greenery, medicinal plants, and edible mushrooms. But some land managers, biologists, and conservation groups believe that increased harvest of nontimber forest products is not sustainable and threatens long-term resource productivity. The US Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program funded a USD 51 000 competitive research project from 1993 to 1996 to determine the impacts of nontimber harvests on human and natural systems in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Integrated and interdisciplinary approaches were used to accomplish three study objectives: i) determine spatial and temporal productivity of chanterelle (Cantharellus sp.) mushrooms on the Olympic Peninsula for two harvest seasons; ii) build socioeconomic profiles of commercial, recreational, and subsistence harvesters; and iii) link biological and socioeconomic information in order to conserve, maintain, or enhance chanterelle resource stocks on public and private lands. Reasons for starting the research study are outlined and include the major resource concerns identified by regional scientists, land managers, and conservation groups in the 1990s. How to address these concerns provided the framework in which to conduct the biological, socioeconomic, and managerial modules of the MAB Mushroom Study. The five accompanying articles in this Ambio Special Report explain fieldwork, analyses, and synthesis activities completed in each module. JF - Ambio AU - Liegel, L AU - Pilz, D AU - Love, T AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, liegell@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 3 EP - 7 IS - 9 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - MAB Mushroom Study KW - USA, Washington KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cantharellus KW - Basidiocarps KW - Mushroom culture KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17366001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=The+MAB+Mushroom+Study%3A+Background+and+concerns&rft.au=Liegel%2C+L%3BPilz%2C+D%3BLove%2C+T&rft.aulast=Liegel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cantharellus; Mushroom culture; Basidiocarps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating biological, socioeconomic, and managerial methods and results in the MAB mushroom study AN - 17365764; 4523553 AB - Some three dozen biologists, resource managers, social scientists, and volunteers worked together between 1993 and 1996 to study the biological, socioeconomic, and managerial concerns of harvesting chanterelle (Cantharellus sp.) mushrooms on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest. Highly variable productivity across different landscapes combined with low prices for mushrooms make harvesters wary of more regulations, higher permit fees, and contracts that restrict harvesting to those who pay the highest bid price for the right to pick certain areas. Public and private resource managers face decreasing budgets, necessitating permits and other fees to cover the actual costs of administering harvests; public land managers must also comply with existing laws that require charging those who use forests for commercial or recreational purposes. Vandalism to machinery and property, potential liability claims, and illegal waste dumping are forcing public and industrial forest landowners to gate their properties; this action limits access to forest lands by the general public and mushroom pickers who seek traditional and new harvest sites. Although harvesters and research volunteers come from diverse social and economic backgrounds, most are willing to help managers and scientists conduct long-term field studies. Key elements of successful cooperation are early front-end planning and information sharing by all parties, from initial project conception and establishment through data collection, analysis, synthesis, and reporting. JF - Ambio AU - Liegel, L AU - Pilz, D AU - Love, T AU - Jones, E AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, liegell@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 26 EP - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - biological aspects KW - socioeconomic aspects KW - management KW - MAB Mushroom Study KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Reviews KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17365764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Integrating+biological%2C+socioeconomic%2C+and+managerial+methods+and+results+in+the+MAB+mushroom+study&rft.au=Liegel%2C+L%3BPilz%2C+D%3BLove%2C+T%3BJones%2C+E&rft.aulast=Liegel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative value of chanterelles and timber as commercial forest products AN - 17363595; 4523551 AB - Comparing the economic value of edible mushrooms and timber requires many assumptions. We use chanterelle (Chantharellus sp.) mushrooms collected from productive Douglas-fir (Pseudo-tsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests on the Olympic Peninsula as an example. Discounted present net worth in perpetuity is estimated for both mushrooms and timber using two timber harvest regimes and three levels of chanterelle productivity. Given these assumptions, timber is 1-2 orders of magnitude more valuable than mushrooms, yet while timber grows, harvesting mushrooms can provide annual income to harvesters once fruiting is established. JF - Ambio AU - Pilz, D AU - Douglas Brodie, F AU - Alexander, S AU - Molina, R AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, pilzd@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 14 EP - 16 IS - 9 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - economic analysis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Forest products KW - Food KW - Forests KW - Wood KW - Chantharellus KW - Basidiocarps KW - Mushroom culture KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17363595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Relative+value+of+chanterelles+and+timber+as+commercial+forest+products&rft.au=Pilz%2C+D%3BDouglas+Brodie%2C+F%3BAlexander%2C+S%3BMolina%2C+R&rft.aulast=Pilz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chantharellus; Basidiocarps; Mushroom culture; Food; Wood; Forests; Forest products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows in Virginia belong to group 16SrI, subgroup A (tomato big bud phytoplasma subgroup), and group 16SrIII, new subgroup I AN - 17306243; 4549297 AB - Grapevine yellows disease in Virginia closely resembles flavescence doree and other grapevine yellows diseases, but the phytoplasmas infecting grapevines in Virginia are distinct from other grapevine yellows pathogens. RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA indicated that a Virginia grapevine yellows phytoplasma, designated VGYIII, was distinct from all other phytoplasmas studied, but was most closely related to spirea stunt (SP1), walnut witches' broom (WWB), and poinsettia branch-inducing (PoiB1) phytoplasmas in subgroups E, G, and H, respectively, of 16S rRNA group 16SrIII. RFLP analysis also indicated the existence of sequence heterogeneity between the two rRNA operons in the genomes of SP1 and WWB. Based on the results from RFLP and sequence comparisons with other group 16SrIII phytoplasmas, the VGYIII phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup, designated 16SrIII-I. A second phytoplasma (VGYI) was detected in cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and in wild grapevines (V. riparia Michx.) and identified as a member of subgroup 16SrI-A. There was no evidence of flavescence doree, bois noir, or Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Virginia. JF - Vitis AU - Davis, R E AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Dally, EL AU - Wolf, T K AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Room 252, Bldg. 011A, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rdavis@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 131 EP - 137 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0042-7500, 0042-7500 KW - USA, Virginia KW - rRNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Vitis vinifera KW - Yellows KW - Vitis riparia KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vitis&rft.atitle=Phytoplasmas+associated+with+grapevine+yellows+in+Virginia+belong+to+group+16SrI%2C+subgroup+A+%28tomato+big+bud+phytoplasma+subgroup%29%2C+and+group+16SrIII%2C+new+subgroup+I&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BDally%2C+EL%3BWolf%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vitis&rft.issn=00427500&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vitis riparia; Vitis vinifera; Polymerase chain reaction; Yellows; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Water Infiltration Observation with Microwave Radiometers AN - 17257811; 4561480 AB - Experiments were conducted using truck-based microwave radiometers operating at 1.41- (L-band) and 2.65-GHz (S-band) horizontal polarization to observe small plots during and following sprinkler irrigation. These experiments were conducted on a sandy loam soil in 1994 and a silt loam in 1995. Sandy loam soils typically have higher infiltration capabilities than clays, and in our studies, we were not able to exceed this with the irrigation system. The observed brightness temperature (T sub(B)) quickly reached a nominally constant value during irrigation. When the irrigation was stopped, the T sub(B) began to increase as drainage took place. Contributing depth-related differences were observed for L- and S-band as expected. The irrigation rates in 1995 with the silt loam soil exceeded the saturated conductivity of the soil. During irrigation, the T sub(B) values exhibited a phenomenon that had not been previously observed and identified and is associated with coherent interference. The L- and S-band exhibited similar patterns but were not identical due to contributing depth. These results suggested the existence of a sharp dielectric boundary (wet over dry soil) that was increasing in depth with time. The temporal description of the wetting front boundary was used with a coherent radiative transfer model to predict T sub(B) for L- and S-band. JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing AU - Jackson, T J AU - Schmugge, T J AU - O'Neill, P E AU - Parlange, M B AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service Hydrology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA, tjacksonydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0196-2892, 0196-2892 KW - radiometers KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Microwaves KW - Wetting KW - Sprinkler irrigation KW - Remote sensing KW - Infiltration KW - Boundary conditions KW - Soil water KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17257811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Soil+Water+Infiltration+Observation+with+Microwave+Radiometers&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BO%27Neill%2C+P+E%3BParlange%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01962892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Sprinkler irrigation; Wetting; Infiltration; Remote sensing; Boundary conditions; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serological relationships between the cylindrical inclusion proteins of potyviruses AN - 17253776; 4536917 AB - Antisera to the cytoplasmic inclusion proteins (CIPs) of bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), clover yellow vein (CIYVV), turnip mosaic (TuMV), sweet potato feathery mottle (SPFMV), and maize dwarf mosaic (MDMV) potyviruses were used to examine the relationships between the CIPs of 18 potyviruses. The antisera to CIPs of BYMV, CIYVV, TuMV, and SPFMV cross-reacted to most or all of the purified CIPs tested in western blot assays. The MDMV CIP antiserum reacted significantly only to the MDMV and sorghum mosaic virus CIPs. Reactivity of antisera to CIPs of dicot-infecting viruses was generally higher with CIPs of other dicot-infecting than with monocot-infecting potyvirus CIPs. Analysis of amino acid sequences of the CI genes of 11 well-characterized potyviruses suggested that epitopes specific for individual potyviruses are primarily in the C-terminal domains of the CIP, whereas epitopes shared among different viruses are clustered in the N-terminal domains. The most highly conserved predicted epitope overlaps the nucleotide binding motif of the N-terminal helicase domain of the CIP. Antibodies to this domain will probably be present in antisera to any potyvirus CIP and contribute to the cross-reactivity observed. Differences in the C-terminal domains may correlate with interactions between the CIP and coat protein necessary for replication and movement. JF - Phytopathology AU - Hammond, J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, jhammond@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 965 EP - 971 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - cytoplasmic inclusion proteins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Potyvirus KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Bean yellow mosaic virus KW - Clover yellow vein virus KW - Inclusions KW - Maize dwarf mosaic virus KW - Serological surveys KW - Sweet potato feathery mottle virus KW - Turnip mosaic virus KW - Plant viruses KW - V 22032:Viral proteins KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Serological+relationships+between+the+cylindrical+inclusion+proteins+of+potyviruses&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bean yellow mosaic virus; Clover yellow vein virus; Maize dwarf mosaic virus; Potyvirus; Sweet potato feathery mottle virus; Turnip mosaic virus; Plant viruses; Inclusions; Serological surveys; Cross-reactivity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment: A pilot scale study at Irbid, Jordan AN - 17227133; 4509636 AB - An investigation was carried out at pilot scale to test the feasibility of using the effluent of a rotating biological contactors (RBC) unit treating wastewater generated from a university campus. The objective of the study was to carefully monitor the impact of wastewater irrigation on the soil, percolating water, crop growth and the pathogenic condition within the immediate vicinity of wastewater application. Experimental plots with three crops: alfalfa, radish and tomato were irrigated with fresh and waste waters. The irrigation water was applied by sprinklers. Each crop was given two sub-treatments: with fertilizer and without fertilizer. The physical and chemical properties of the soil, the crop yields, and subsurface drainage were measured. In most of the cases, the yields resulted from the uses of wastewater with fertilizer were compatible with those of the uses of freshwater with fertilizer. The washings of tomato fruits grown with wastewater were analyzed for fecal coliforms. It appeared that the fruit skins were free of viable fecal coliforms 24 hours after the wastewater application. Subsurface drainage analyses did not show any alarming levels of constituents irrespective of the source of the water: wastewater or freshwater. The wastewater irrigation applied for a season had no significant effect on a silty loam soil. With wastewater irrigation, slight changes in the soil porosity and salinity were observed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Shahalam, A AU - Zahra, BMA AU - Jaradat, A AD - Ohio State University, Outlying Station, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 425 EP - 445 VL - 106 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Jordan, Irbid KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coliforms KW - Irrigation KW - Environmental impact KW - Pathogens KW - Land application KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Salinity KW - Percolation KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Wastewater irrigation KW - Impaired water use KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17227133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Wastewater+irrigation+effect+on+soil%2C+crop+and+environment%3A+A+pilot+scale+study+at+Irbid%2C+Jordan&rft.au=Shahalam%2C+A%3BZahra%2C+BMA%3BJaradat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Shahalam&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Salinity; Coliforms; Irrigation; Environmental impact; Pathogens; Wastewater treatment; Land application; Crops; Percolation; Wastewater irrigation; Wastewater disposal; Impaired water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial cross-contamination of meat during liquid nitrogen immersion freezing AN - 17223902; 4504329 AB - Prerigor beef carcass surface tissue (BCT) was used to simulate lamb carcasses on a processing line with a 15-min liquid nitrogen (LN) immersion freezing step, and the potential for the dissemination of bacteria during freezing was examined. Streptomycin-resistant strains of Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked into a fecal slurry were inoculated onto BCT pieces that were introduced into the freezing process to represent contaminated carcasses. Following this introduction, subsequently frozen uninoculated BCT, LN, and LN containers were examined for the inoculated organisms. In the first study, BCT samples were inoculated with ca. 7 log CFU/cm super(2) of both L. innocua and E. coli O157:H7, spray washed with water and frozen, distributed among uninoculated BCT, in LN for 15 min. In two separate trials, L. innocua was recovered by enrichment from all uninoculated BCT and LN samples. E. coli O157:H7 was also recovered from uninoculated BCT and LN, but this cross-contamination was more sporadic. Both species were recovered from the LN container following freezing. Attempts to enumerate cross-contaminating bacteria in the second trial indicated that contaminating levels were low (<1.0 CFU/cm super(2) BCT). In a second study, a 2.0% lactic acid spray wash was used to reduce further the numbers of L. innocua introduced into the freezing system and resulted in fewer positive samples, although this organism was still recovered from many uninoculated BCT samples. When either bacterium was inoculated at lower initial levels (1.35 to 1.77 log CFU/cm super(2)) and BCT was water or 2.0% lactic acid spray washed prior to freezing, neither L. innocua nor E. coli O157:H7 was recoverable by enrichment from uninoculated BCT, LN, or from the freezing container. Results demonstrate that bacterial cross-contamination of meat during LN immersion freezing can occur but indicate that the use of good sanitation practices and product with low microbial numbers can limit this occurrence. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Berry, ED AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA, berry@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1103 EP - 1108 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Escherichia coli KW - Listeria innocua KW - cross-contamination KW - liquid nitrogen KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Freezing KW - Food contamination KW - Meat KW - Nitrogen KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17223902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bacterial+cross-contamination+of+meat+during+liquid+nitrogen+immersion+freezing&rft.au=Berry%2C+ED%3BDorsa%2C+W+J%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Listeria innocua; Food contamination; Nitrogen; Bacteria; Freezing; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial profile of ground beef made from carcass tissue experimentally contaminated with pathogenic and spoilage bacteria before being washed with hot water, alkaline solution, or organic acid and then stored at 4 or 12 degree C AN - 17222406; 4504330 AB - The long-term effectiveness of several beef-carcass surface-tissue (BCT) wash interventions on the microbiology of ground beef produced from this tissue was determined. BCT was inoculated with bovine feces containing one of two different levels (ca. 4 or 6 log CFU/ml) of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium, and Clostridium sporogenes. The BCT was then subjected to one of several treatment washes: 2% (vol/vol) DL-lactic acid (LA), 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid (AA), 12% (wt/vol) trisodium phosphate (TSP), hot water (HW; 74 plus or minus 2 degree C at the tissue surface), or water (WW; 32 plus or minus 2 degree C at the tissue surface). A control group was left untreated. After treatments, BCT was held at 4 degree C for 24 h and then ground. The ground beef was packaged and incubated at 4 degree C for 21 days or 12 degree C for 3 days. AA-treated samples held at 12 degree C for 3 days yielded significantly lower aerobic plate counts than the control and also yielded the lowest levels of pseudomonads when compared to other sample groups. After being held at 4 degree C for 21 days or 12 degree C for 3 days, samples treated with antimicrobial compounds had lower or no detectable (<1 CFU/g) levels of E. coli O157:H7, L. innocua, S. typhimurium, and C. sporogenes than beef treated with a WW or the control. Ground beef produced from tissue treated with HW yielded lower populations of these bacteria when compared to WW or untreated control beef, but the populations were generally higher than those observed in any of the antimicrobial chemical-treated samples. These trends continued throughout all storage conditions over time. Results from this study indicate that the use of carcass interventions, especially antimicrobial compounds, presently available to the slaughter industry will lower bacterial counts in ground beef. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dorsa, W J AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA, sjragusa@email.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1109 EP - 1118 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Acetic acid KW - Clostridium sporogenes KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lactic acid KW - Listeria innocua KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Trisodium phosphate KW - acetic acid KW - ground beef KW - lactic acid KW - trisodium phosphate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Washing KW - Food contamination KW - Water KW - Meat KW - Storage KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17222406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bacterial+profile+of+ground+beef+made+from+carcass+tissue+experimentally+contaminated+with+pathogenic+and+spoilage+bacteria+before+being+washed+with+hot+water%2C+alkaline+solution%2C+or+organic+acid+and+then+stored+at+4+or+12+degree+C&rft.au=Dorsa%2C+W+J%3BCutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Dorsa&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium sporogenes; Escherichia coli; Listeria innocua; Salmonella typhimurium; Food contamination; Water; Bacteria; Storage; Washing; Meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigating agricultural emissions of methane AN - 17204901; 4491834 AB - Agricultural crop and animal production systems are important sources and sinks for atmospheric methane (CH sub(4)). The major CH sub(4) sources from this sector are ruminant animals, flooded rice fields, animal waste and biomass burning which total about one third of all global emissions. This paper discusses the factors that influence CH sub(4) production and emission from these sources and the aerobic soil sink for atmospheric CH sub(4) and assesses the magnitude of each source. Potential methods of mitigating CH sub(4) emissions from the major sources could lead to improved crop and animal productivity. The global impact of using the mitigation options suggested could potentially decrease agricultural CH sub(4) emissions by about 30%. JF - Climatic Change AU - Mosier, A R AU - Duxbury, J M AU - Freney, J R AU - Heinemeyer, O AU - Minami, K AU - Johnson, DE AD - USDA/ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 39 EP - 80 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Methane KW - Animal wastes KW - Combustion products KW - Emission control KW - Biomass KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17204901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Mitigating+agricultural+emissions+of+methane&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BDuxbury%2C+J+M%3BFreney%2C+J+R%3BHeinemeyer%2C+O%3BMinami%2C+K%3BJohnson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by the agriculture sector. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Combustion products; Agriculture; Animal wastes; Methane; Biomass; Emission control; Greenhouse gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing and mitigating N sub(2)O emissions from agricultural soils AN - 17200515; 4491833 AB - Agricultural cropping and animal production systems are important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O). The assessment of the importance of N fertilization from synthetic fertilizer, animal wastes used as fertilizers and from N incorporated into the soil through biological N fixation, to global N sub(2)O emissions presented in this paper suggests that this source has been underestimated. We estimate that agricultural systems produce about one fourth of global N sub(2)O emissions. Methods of mitigating these emissions are presented which, if adopted globally could decrease annual N sub(2)O emissions from cropped soils by about 20%. JF - Climatic Change AU - Mosier, A R AU - Duxbury, J M AU - Freney, J R AU - Heinemeyer, O AU - Minami, K AD - USDA/ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 7 EP - 38 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Animal wastes KW - Climatic changes KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17200515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Assessing+and+mitigating+N+sub%282%29O+emissions+from+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BDuxbury%2C+J+M%3BFreney%2C+J+R%3BHeinemeyer%2C+O%3BMinami%2C+K&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by the agriculture sector. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Nitrous oxide; Animal wastes; Emissions; Climatic changes; Fertilizers; Greenhouse gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollination biology of Coleogyne ramosissima (Rosaceae) AN - 17193672; 4483880 AB - The pollination and breeding system of Coleogyne ramosissima (blackbrush), a Rosaceous shrub, was examined at three locations in southern Utah during 1993. At each location, four branch treatments were applied: open pollination, mesh bags to prevent insect visitation, controlled cross pollination, and self pollination. Exclusion of insect pollinators did not affect fruit set. Mean percentage of flowers setting fruit on mesh-covered branches (48.6%) was equal to or greater than that of either open-pollinated branches (37.6%) or cross-pollinated branches (29.2%). Mean percent fruit set on self-pollinated branches ranged from 0.8 to 6.3%, with an overall mean of 2.7%. These data demonstrate that blackbrush is wind-pollinated and largely self-incompatible. Populational differences in overall fruit set are likely related to previous flowering and fruiting expenditures. Probable evolution of blackbrush from insect to wind pollination is discussed. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Pendleton, B K AU - Pendleton, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606-1856, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 376 EP - 380 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - USA, Utah KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pollination KW - Coleogyne ramosissima KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17193672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Pollination+biology+of+Coleogyne+ramosissima+%28Rosaceae%29&rft.au=Pendleton%2C+B+K%3BPendleton%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Pendleton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleogyne ramosissima; Pollination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and use of this strain in bioremediation of contaminated soil AN - 17188792; 4481327 AB - We examined the ability of a soil bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a, to degrade the herbicide atrazine under a variety of cultural conditions, and we used this bacterium to increase the biodegradation of atrazine in soils from agricultural chemical distribution sites. J14a cells grown in nitrogen-free medium with citrate and sucrose as carbon sources mineralized 94% of 50 mu g of [ super(14)C-U-ring]atrazine ml super(-1) in 72 h with a concurrent increase in the population size from 7.9 x 10 super(5) to 5.0 x 10 super(7) cells ml super(-1). Under these conditions cells mineralized the [ethyl- super(14)C]atrazine and incorporated approximately 30% of the super(14)C into the J14a biomass. Cells grown in medium without additional carbon and nitrogen sources degraded atrazine, but the cell numbers did not increase. Metabolites produced by J14a during atrazine degradation include hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deethyl-hydroxyatrazine. The addition of 10 super(5) J14a cells g super(-1) into soil with a low indigenous population of atrazine degraders treated with 50 and 200 mu g of atrazine g super(-1) soil resulted in two to five times higher mineralization than in the noninoculated soil. Sucrose addition did not result in significantly faster mineralization rates or shorten degradation lag times. However, J14a introduction (10 super(5) cells g super(-1)) into another soil with a larger indigenous atrazine-mineralizing population reduced the atrazine degradation lag times below those in noninoculated treatments but did not generally increase total atrazine mineralization. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Struthers, J K AU - Jayachandran, K AU - Moorman, T B AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA, moorman@nstl.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 3368 EP - 3375 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Agrobacterium radiobacter KW - atrazine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Bioremediation KW - Carbon sources KW - Herbicides KW - Soil contamination KW - Soil pollution KW - Atrazine KW - D 04804:Pollution control KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17188792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+atrazine+by+Agrobacterium+radiobacter+J14a+and+use+of+this+strain+in+bioremediation+of+contaminated+soil&rft.au=Struthers%2C+J+K%3BJayachandran%2C+K%3BMoorman%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Struthers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium radiobacter; Soil contamination; Carbon sources; Herbicides; Atrazine; Bioremediation; Biodegradation; Soil pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of alfalfa root nodule phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase through an antisense strategy impacts nitrogen fixation and plant growth AN - 17183969; 4480554 AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) plays a paramount role in nodule metabolism and several reports have shown that PEPC provides substantial carbon for N sub(2)-fixation and N assimilation. To study the short- and long-term implications of reduced nodule CO sub(2) fixation for N sub(2) fixation in alfalfa, PEPC enzyme expression was reduced through an antisense strategy. The full-length root nodule-enhanced PEPC cDNA in antisense orientation driven by the nodule-enhanced AAT-2 promoter was transformed into alfalfa. Out of 105 transformed plants, 14 showed reduced in vitro nodule PEPC activity. Three plants were selected for further evaluation. RNA and protein blots showed reduced PEPC transcript and protein. Nodules of these plants also displayed reduced in vivo CO sub(2) fixation. Total nitrogenase activity as measured by H sub(2) evolution was reduced, although there was no change in apparent nitrogenase. The nodule electron allocation coefficient of antisense plants was reduced. All antisense plants accumulated less dry matter and nitrogen in a 6-week growing period under controlled conditions. The data confirm a strong interdependence of nodule PEPC and nitrogenase activity. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Schulze, J AU - Shi, L AU - Blumenthal, J AU - Samac, DA AU - Gantt, J S AU - Vance, C P AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, vance004@maroon.tc.umn.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Alfalfa KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Roots KW - Nodules KW - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase KW - Antisense KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Medicago sativa KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17183969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+alfalfa+root+nodule+phosphoenolpyruvate+carboxylase+through+an+antisense+strategy+impacts+nitrogen+fixation+and+plant+growth&rft.au=Schulze%2C+J%3BShi%2C+L%3BBlumenthal%2C+J%3BSamac%2C+DA%3BGantt%2C+J+S%3BVance%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Schulze&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Nodules; Roots; Nitrogen fixation; Antisense ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pileated woodpecker damage to red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in eastern Texas AN - 17166785; 4468711 AB - We surveyed all known Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees (n = 514) in the Angelina National Forest in eastern Texas for Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) damage. We compared the frequency of Pileated Woodpecker damage to Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitat to damage in loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitat. We also examined the effectiveness of restrictor plates in deterring Pileated Woodpecker enlargement of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. Pileated Woodpecker damage was significantly greater in longleaf pine habitat than in the loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat in spite of census results showing similar abundance levels of Pileated Woodpeckers in the two forest types. We suggest that limited numbers of snags in the longleaf habitat may focus Pileated Woodpecker excavation on Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees, whereas a greater amount of mid-story vegetation in the loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat may serve to reduce visibility, thereby lowering Pileated Woodpecker detection and destruction of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. Restrictor plates were very effective in preventing Pileated Woodpecker enlargement of cavities. While restrictor plates are useful for protecting Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities, they should be used only in small populations when cavities are in short supply. The Pileated Woodpecker plays an important role, especially in the longleaf ecosystem which is a relatively cavity-barren environment, by providing nesting sites for larger secondary cavity users, such as American Kestrels (Falco sparverius), Eastern Screech-Owls (Otus asio), and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Saenz, D AU - Conner, R N AU - Shackelford, CE AU - Rudolph, D C AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, c_saenzd@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 362 EP - 367 VL - 110 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Pileated woodpecker KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - USA, Texas KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Dryocopus pileatus KW - Cavity nesters KW - Picoides borealis KW - Conservation KW - Habitat utilization KW - Competition KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25506:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17166785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Pileated+woodpecker+damage+to+red-cockaded+woodpecker+cavity+trees+in+eastern+Texas&rft.au=Saenz%2C+D%3BConner%2C+R+N%3BShackelford%2C+CE%3BRudolph%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dryocopus pileatus; Picoides borealis; Conservation; Habitat utilization; Competition; Cavity nesters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl bromide emission from fields partially covered with a high-density polyethylene and a virtually impermeable film AN - 17162917; 4449811 AB - Recent field studies in the interior valley of southern California have indicated that 56-73% of methyl bromide (MeBr) used in soil fumigation is lost to atmospheric emission when the fields are covered completely with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film. The emission can be reduced to less than 5% when a virtually impermeable film or Hytibar is used to cover the fields. This study was conducted to determine MeBr emission from bedded field plots where only the beds were covered with a HDPE or a virtually impermeable plastic film. The results provide an assessment on MeBr emission from field beds partially covered with the HDPE film and the suitability of using a virtually impermeable film for emission reduction. Methyl bromide gas was applied to replicated field beds covered with either ae HDPE or the Hytibar film. The films were removed 6 days after MeBr application. Replicated soil cores were taken from different locations of the field beds, 20 days after MeBr application, for the determination of soil bromide ion concentrations. The total amount of MeBr degraded from each plot was calculated from the measured bromide ion concentrations, and the potential emission was determined as the difference between the amount of applied and that of degraded. Results indicated that the potential emission from this bedded system was about 95% for the HDPE treatment and 90% for the Hytibar-covered plots. Regardless of the small improvement with the virtually impermeable film, the experiment clearly indicates that partially covering the field with either a HDPE or a virtually impermeable film would result in unacceptably high emission losses. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Wang, Dong AU - Yates AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, dwang@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 01 SP - 2515 EP - 2518 VL - 32 IS - 17 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, California KW - films KW - methyl bromide KW - polyethylene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Permeability KW - Gases KW - Air sampling KW - Emission measurements KW - Fumigation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17162917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Methyl+bromide+emission+from+fields+partially+covered+with+a+high-density+polyethylene+and+a+virtually+impermeable+film&rft.au=Wang%2C+Dong%3BYates&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Dong&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emission measurements; Fumigation; Air sampling; Permeability; Gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryopreservation and long-term storage of pear germplasm AN - 17156386; 4452168 AB - Germplasm collections of vegetatively propagated crops are usually maintained as plants in fields or potted in greenhouses or screened enclosures. Safety duplication of these collections, as duplicate plants or separate collections, is costly and requires large amounts of space. Cryopreservation techniques which were recently developed for long-term storage of pear germplasm may offer an efficient alternative to conventional germplasm collection maintenance. Pear (Pyrus L.) germplasm may now be stored as seeds (species), dormant buds or pollen from field-grown trees, or shoot tips from in vitro-grown plants (cultivars). Pear germplasm may now be cryopreserved and stored for long periods (> 100 yr) utilizing slow-freezing or vitrification of in vitro-grown shoot-tips. Dormant bud freezing, pollen, and seed cryopreservation of other lines are being developed to complete the base collection for Pyrus. This cryopreserved collection provides base (long-term) storage for the field-grown pear germplasm collection at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Reed, B M AU - Denoma, J AU - Luo, Jie AU - Chang, Yongjian AU - Towill, L AD - USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521 (B. M. R.), USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Seeds KW - Germplasm KW - Pyrus KW - Cryopreservation KW - W2 32225:Cryoprerservation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17156386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Cryopreservation+and+long-term+storage+of+pear+germplasm&rft.au=Reed%2C+B+M%3BDenoma%2C+J%3BLuo%2C+Jie%3BChang%2C+Yongjian%3BTowill%2C+L&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrus; Seeds; Cryopreservation; Germplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex PCR AN - 17153124; 4446819 AB - Contamination of foods with pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella is a major concern worldwide and rapid, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for detection of these organisms. Since these pathogens can contaminate similar foods and other types of samples, a multiplex polymerase chain reduction (PCR) was designed to allow simultaneous detection of both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp directly from enrichment cultures. Samples of apple cider, beef carcass wash water, ground beef, and bovine feces were inoculated with both E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium at various bacterial levels. Following enrichment culturing for 20-24 h at 37 degree C in modified EC broth or buffered peptone water both containing novobiocin, the samples were subjected to a DNA extraction technique or to immunomagnetic separation then tested by the multiplex PCR assay. Four pairs of primers were employed in the PCR: primers for amplification of E. coli O157:H7 eaeA, stx sub(1/2) and plasmid sequences and for amplification of a portion of the Salmonella invA gene. Four fragments of the expected sizes were amplified in a single reaction and visualized following agarose gel electrophoresis in all the samples inoculated with less than or equal to 1 CFU g super(-1) or ml super(-1). Results can be obtained in approximately 30 h. The multiplex PCR is a potentially powerful technique for rapid and sensitive co-detection of both pathogens in foods and other types of samples. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Strobaugh, T P AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 92 EP - 98 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - agarose KW - invA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Food KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Feces KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Beef KW - DNA KW - Salmonella KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17153124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+detection+of+Salmonella+spp+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+by+multiplex+PCR&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BStrobaugh%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Polymerase Chain Reaction. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Beef; Gel electrophoresis; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Feces; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of cytoskeletons from cotton fiber cytoplasts AN - 17153121; 4452154 AB - Over the last 25 yr, success in characterizing the individual protein components of animal cytoskeletons was possible, in part, due to technical advances in the isolation and purification of anucleate cytoskeletons from animal cells. As a step towards characterizing protein components of the plant cytoskeleton, we have isolated cytoskeletons from cytoplasts (anucleate protoplasts) prepared from cotton fiber cells grown in ovule culture. Cytoplasts isolated into a hypertonic, Ca super(2+)-free medium at pH 6.8 retained internal structures after extraction with the detergent, Triton X-100. These structures were shown to include microtubule and microfilament arrays by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Actin and tubulin were the only abundant proteins in these preparations, suggesting that microfilaments and microtubules were the major cytoskeletal elements in the isolated cytoskeletons. The absence of additional, relatively abundant proteins suggests that (a) other cytoskeletal arrays potentially present in fiber cells (e.g., intermediate filaments) were either lost during detergent extraction or were minor components of the fiber cell cytoskeleton; and (b) high ratios of individual cytoskeletal-associated proteins relative to actin and tubulin were not required to maintain microtubules and microfilaments in organized structures. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Andersland, J M AU - Dixon, D C AU - Seagull, R W AU - Triplett, BA AD - USDA-ARS, Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 173 EP - 180 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - actin KW - cytoplasts KW - tubulin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Microfilaments KW - Microtubules KW - Cotton KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Tissue culture KW - Cytoskeleton KW - Fibers KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17153121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+cytoskeletons+from+cotton+fiber+cytoplasts&rft.au=Andersland%2C+J+M%3BDixon%2C+D+C%3BSeagull%2C+R+W%3BTriplett%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Andersland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cytoskeleton; Tissue culture; Cotton; Microtubules; Immunofluorescence; Microfilaments; Fibers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Flood Plain Palm Forest in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico Five Years After Hurricane Hugo AN - 17144442; 4444685 AB - Long term studies are needed to understand the dynamics of tropical forests, particularly those subject to periodic disturbances such as hurricanes. We studied a flood plain Prestoea montana palm forest in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico over a 15-yr period (1980-1995), which included the passage of Hurricane Hugo in September 1989. The passage of the hurricane caused the dominant species to become more dominant and created low instantaneous tree mortality (1% of stems) and reductions in tree biomass (-16 Mg/ha/yr) and density, although not in basal area. Five years after the hurricane, the palm flood plain forest had exceeded its prehurricane aboveground tree biomass, tree density, and basal area. Aboveground tree biomass accumulated at a rate of 9.2 Mg/ha/yr, 76 percent of which was due to palms. Before the hurricane this rate was on the order of 3 Mg/ha/yr. Forest floor litter decreased to prehurricane levels (6.7 Mg/ha), within 5-yr, mostly due to the disappearance of woody litter. Thirteen tree species not represented in the canopy entered the forest by regeneration, and 2 species suffered almost 20 percent/yr mortality over a 5-yr period after the storm (floodplain average of 2%/yr). Delayed tree mortality was twice as high as instantaneous tree mortality after the storm and affected dicotyledonous trees more than it did palms. Regeneration of dicotyledonous trees, palms, and tree ferns was influenced by a combination of factors including hydroperiod, light, and space. Redundancy Data Analysis showed that the area near the river channel was the most favorable for plant regeneration. Palm regeneration was higher in locations with longer hydroperiods, while regeneration of dicotyledonous trees was higher in areas with low risk of flooding. This study shows how a periodic disturbance provides long-term opportunities for species invasions and long-term ecosystem response at the patch scale of <1 ha. JF - Biotropica AU - Frangi, J L AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. BOX 25000 Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 339 EP - 348 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Hurricane Hugo KW - Puerto Rico KW - USA, Puerto Rico, Luquillo Mts. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Mountains KW - Prestoea montana KW - Species composition KW - Mortality KW - Density KW - Biomass KW - Hurricanes KW - Flood plains KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Regeneration KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17144442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=A+Flood+Plain+Palm+Forest+in+the+Luquillo+Mountains+of+Puerto+Rico+Five+Years+After+Hurricane+Hugo&rft.au=Frangi%2C+J+L%3BLugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Frangi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mountains; Hurricanes; Mortality; Flood plains; Ecosystems; Ecosystem dynamics; Trees; Density; Regeneration; Forests; Species composition; Biomass; Prestoea montana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fuel Models and Fire Potential from Satellite and Surface Observations AN - 17133097; 4434358 AB - A national 1-km resolution fire danger fuel model map was derived through use of previously mapped land cover classes and ecoregions, and extensive ground sample data, then refined through review by fire managers familiar with various portions of the U.S. The fuel model map will be used in the next generation fire danger rating system for the U.S., but it also made possible immediate development of a satellite and ground based fire potential index map. The inputs and algorithm of the fire potential index are presented, along with a case study of the correlation between the fire potential index and fire occurrence in California and Nevada. Application of the fire potential index in the Mediterranean ecosystems of Spain, Chile, and Mexico will be tested. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Burgan, R E AU - Klaver, R W AU - Klaver, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, PO Box 8089, Missoula MT 59807, USA, rburgan/int_missoula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 159 EP - 170 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - USA, California KW - USA, Nevada KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Fires KW - Mapping KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17133097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Fuel+Models+and+Fire+Potential+from+Satellite+and+Surface+Observations&rft.au=Burgan%2C+R+E%3BKlaver%2C+R+W%3BKlaver%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Burgan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mapping; Risk assessment; Fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of butanone, carbon dioxide, and 1-octen-3-ol as attractants for mosquitoes associated with north central Florida bay and cypress swamps AN - 17125898; 4433470 AB - Field studies were conducted to determine the responses of mosquitoes found in north central Florida bay and cypress swamps to carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)), light, butanone, and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), alone and CO sub(2) in combination with each of the others. The response of these mosquito species to 5 CO sub(2) release rates (2, 20, 100, 200, and 2,000 ml/min) of CO sub(2) was also determined. The use of CO sub(2) resulted in a response in all the species studied; the pattern of response to increasing CO sub(2) levels varied from species to species. In general, collection size increased as CO sub(2) release rate increased; however, 5 species (Aedes dupreei, Anopheles perplexens, Culiseta melanura, Culex erraticus and Mansonia titillans) deviated from this pattern. Collection size of Ae. dupreei, Cs. melanura, and Cx. erraticus decreased at the 2,000 ml/min release rate. Collection size of An. perplexens and Ma. titillans remained constant at each CO sub(2) level to which these species responded. In the CO sub(2) and light studies, the general pattern for collection size was: CO sub(2) + light > CO sub(2) alone > light alone. The combination CO sub(2) + octenol (2.2 mg/h) resulted in a synergistic response (i.e., greater than the combined response obtained by CO sub(2) and octenol alone) for all species except Cs. melanura, Culex nigripalpus, and Culex restuans. Only 2 species (Aedes atlanticus and Aedes canadensis) responded to octenol in relatively large numbers (i.e., response to octenol alone greater than or equal to 5% of that obtained by using CO sub(2) alone at the 200 ml/min release rate). Octenol at the release rate tested repelled Cs. melanura. The butanone + CO sub(2) bait combination increased the responses compared to CO sub(2) alone of Aedes infirmatus, Culex salinarius, Coquillettidia perturbans, and Psorophora ferox, but decreased the response of Cs. melanura. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Kline, D L AU - Mann, MO AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 289 EP - 297 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Florida, north central KW - butanone KW - carbon dioxide KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Attractants KW - Culex erraticus KW - Culiseta melanura KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Aquatic insects KW - Swamps KW - Anopheles perplexens KW - Synergistic effects KW - Attracting techniques KW - Mansonia titillans KW - Aedes dupreei KW - Culicidae KW - Light effects KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Q1 08306:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0810:General KW - Y 25693:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17125898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+butanone%2C+carbon+dioxide%2C+and+1-octen-3-ol+as+attractants+for+mosquitoes+associated+with+north+central+Florida+bay+and+cypress+swamps&rft.au=Kline%2C+D+L%3BMann%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Attracting techniques; Carbon dioxide; Swamps; Aquatic insects; Light effects; Attractants; Synergistic effects; Mosquitoes; Field tests; Culiseta melanura; Mansonia titillans; Culicidae; Aedes dupreei; Culex erraticus; Anopheles perplexens; USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A critical review of ultralow-volume aerosols of insecticide applied with vehicle-mounted generators for adult mosquito control AN - 17124455; 4433472 AB - This review of ultralow-volume (ULV) ground aerosols for adult mosquito control includes discussion on application volume, aerosol generators, droplet size, meteorology, swath, dispersal speed, assay methods, insecticide efficacy, and nontarget effects. It summarizes the efficacy of ULV insecticidal aerosols against many important pest and disease-bearing species of mosquitoes in a wide range of locations and habitats in the United States and in some countries of Asia and the Americas. Fourteen conclusions were drawn from the review. 1) ULV ground aerosol applications of insecticide are as efficacious against adult mosquitoes as high- or low-volume aerosols. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Mount, G A AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 305 EP - 334 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Americas KW - Asia KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - USA KW - aquatic insects KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Anopheles KW - Nozzles KW - Insect control KW - Flow rates KW - Fluid drops KW - Application rates KW - Pesticide applications KW - Insecticides KW - Assay KW - Field tests KW - Wind KW - Aerosols KW - Psorophora KW - Chemical control KW - Culicidae KW - Pest control KW - Methodology KW - Culex KW - Literature reviews KW - Reviews KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q1 08301:General KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17124455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=A+critical+review+of+ultralow-volume+aerosols+of+insecticide+applied+with+vehicle-mounted+generators+for+adult+mosquito+control&rft.au=Mount%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Insecticides; Literature reviews; Chemical control; Pest control; Wind; Methodology; Reviews; Pesticide applications; Assay; Nozzles; Mosquitoes; Field tests; Insect control; Fluid drops; Flow rates; Application rates; Culex; Psorophora; Anopheles; Culicidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Predation on Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) in Panama AN - 17123932; 4431870 AB - The sequence of behaviors associated with the predation of Gauropterus chalybaeus (Mannerheim) on Canthon angustatus Harold is described, illustrating the predator strategy of removing prey appendages before consumption. Similar behaviors are described involving other predators on arthropods. JF - Coleopterists Bulletin AU - Young, O P AD - Biotechnology Evaluation, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-BSS, 4700 River Road, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737-1237, USA, oyoung@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 217 EP - 221 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0010-065X, 0010-065X KW - Coleoptera KW - Panama KW - Rove beetles KW - Scarab beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predation KW - Gauropterus chalybaeus KW - Canthon angustatus KW - Predatory behavior KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Staphylinidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17123932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Observations+of+Rove+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Staphylinidae%29+Predation+on+Dung+Beetles+%28Scarabaeidae%29+in+Panama&rft.au=Young%2C+O+P&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.issn=0010065X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canthon angustatus; Gauropterus chalybaeus; Scarabaeidae; Staphylinidae; Predatory behavior; Predation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Profile of Seratella tibialis McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) in the Western United States AN - 17115761; 4423012 AB - Occurrences of nymphs of Seratella tibialis in streams of eleven western states were related to water quality and physical habitat parameters of stream stations. Nymphs were collected from only 182 of 903 stations sampled in nine states; the species was absent from all 50 stations in two other states. Seratella tibialis nymphs occurred mostly at stations with good water quality and stable stream banks. Absence of nymphs has limited predictive value since the distribution of Seratella tibialis was naturally spotty and the species was absent from the majority of stations. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Mangum, F A AU - Winget, R N AD - Intermountain Region, USDA, Forest Service Federal Bldg. 324-25th St., Ogden, UT 84401, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 279 EP - 285 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Ephemeroptera KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ephemerellidae KW - Ecological distribution KW - Habitat preferences KW - Water quality KW - Streams KW - Seratella tibialis KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17115761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Environmental+Profile+of+Seratella+tibialis+McDunnough+%28Ephemeroptera%3A+Ephemerellidae%29+in+the+Western+United+States&rft.au=Mangum%2C+F+A%3BWinget%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Mangum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ephemerellidae; Seratella tibialis; Streams; Water quality; Habitat preferences; Ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host-specific attraction of Pseudacteon flies (Diptera: Phoridae) to fire ant colonies in Brazil AN - 17111839; 4420651 AB - Pseudacteon fly host-specificity tests were conducted in the field in southeastern Brazil with Solenopsis fire ants in the saevissima and geminata complexes. These parasitic flies showed a strong preference for fire ants in the saevissima complex. No Pseudacteon flies were attracted to three Solenopsis geminata (F.) colonies when they were set out in trays, but many flies were quickly attracted to three trays with saevissima complex colonies when they were set out between the S. geminata colonies. Even when both species of ants were placed together side by side, more than 99% of flies hovered over trays with saevissima complex ants. When all of the saevissima colonies were removed, leaving only the S. geminata colonies available, about 95% of flies flew away. Several flies, however, did transfer to the S. geminata colonies for a few minutes and at least one fly (P. wasmanni) attacked a few S. geminata workers. Altogether, 588 parasitized workers were collected from the saevissima complex colonies compared to 12 from the S. geminata colonies. Two hundred-sixty-two flies emerged from the saevissima complex colonies (52% Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, 39% Pseudacteon litoralis Borgmeier 4.6% Pseudacteon wasmanni Schmitz, 2.7% Pseudacteon pradei Borgmeier 0.4% Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier). No adult flies emerged from the S. geminata colonies. These results demonstrate that P. tricuspis and P. litoralis are highly specific to saevissima complex fire ants and strongly indicate that they would pose little threat to native fire ants should they be released as biocontrol agents for imported fire ants in the United States. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Porter, S D AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 423 EP - 429 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Ants KW - Brazil KW - Diptera KW - Humpbacked flies KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host specificity KW - Pseudacteon KW - Attractancy KW - Formicidae KW - Parasitism KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Phoridae KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17111839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Host-specific+attraction+of+Pseudacteon+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Phoridae%29+to+fire+ant+colonies+in+Brazil&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Phoridae; Pseudacteon; Solenopsis invicta; Attractancy; Parasitism; Host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology and behavior of Pseudacteon decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae) that parasitize Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 17111184; 4420639 AB - Larvae of phorid flies in the genus Pseudacteon have the unusual habit of decapitating fire ant workers and pupating inside the empty head capsule which they use as a pupal case. Flies in this genus are the subject of considerable interest because they have the potential of being used as classical biological control agents against imported fire ants in North America. This paper details what is known and not known about their interesting life history, attack behavior, mating behavior, host specificity, and impacts on fire ant behavior. The biogeography, community structure, and possible impacts on fire ant populations are also considered. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Porter, S D AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 292 EP - 309 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Ants KW - Diptera KW - Humpbacked flies KW - Hymenoptera KW - pupae KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pseudacteon KW - Formicidae KW - Parasitism KW - Mating KW - Attack KW - Solenopsis KW - Aggressive behavior KW - Phoridae KW - Y 25533:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17111184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Biology+and+behavior+of+Pseudacteon+decapitating+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Phoridae%29+that+parasitize+Solenopsis+fire+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Porter%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Phoridae; Pseudacteon; Solenopsis; Attack; Parasitism; Mating; Aggressive behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploiting the interactions of chemical and visual cues in behavioral control measures for pest tephritid fruit flies AN - 17108968; 4420637 AB - Traps for tropical pest tephritids have relied primarily on chemical cues while traps for temperate pest tephritids have relied primarily on visual cues. Here we review research on the interactions between chemical and visual cues that have been observed in the development of traps for the tropical Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the temperate apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). By exploiting these interactions, it may be possible to produce efficacious trapping systems that could be used in a behavioral approach to fruit fly population control. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R AD - USDA/ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 273 EP - 281 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Apple maggot KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Rhagoletis pomonella KW - Tephritidae KW - Visual stimuli KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17108968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Exploiting+the+interactions+of+chemical+and+visual+cues+in+behavioral+control+measures+for+pest+tephritid+fruit+flies&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Rhagoletis pomonella; Tephritidae; Biological control; Visual stimuli; Chemical stimuli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Cold Stress on Survival and Reproduction of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) AN - 17107403; 4415919 AB - Adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), survival, mating success, and ovarian development were measured following exposure of pupae to 4 degree C for 2, 3, and 4 wk, and were compared with an untreated control group held at 29 degree C. Survival varied inversely with duration of low- temperature exposure, and ranged from 92.1% in the control to 7.0% following a 4-wk exposure. Mating success also varied inversely with duration of low-temperature exposure, and ovarian development was delayed, especially in the week 4 group. Reproductive and population parameters were measured in a 2nd cohort of horn flies following exposure of pupae to 1-4 wk at 4 degree C, and in a control. Adult longevity varied inversely with duration of exposure. Mean longevity was greatest in the week 1 group at 17.6 d, followed by the control at 14.7 d. Week 4 flies lived an average of 2.2 d and produced no eggs. The preoviposition period was longest in the week 3 group at 7.3 d. In cohort 2, control and week 1 flies produced the highest number of eggs, eggs per female, and eggs per day compared with other groups. Eggs were produced over a mean of 6.8 d by week 3 flies compared with 25.4 d by week 1 flies. Reproductive rates varied inversely with low-temperature exposure duration, as did F sub(1) generation egg hatch, larval development, and adult emergence. Survivorship and fecundity schedules are discussed with respect to the effects of low-temperature exposure duration. The effects of low-temperature exposure duration on horn fly reproduction and life-history patterns are discussed with respect to rearing, storage, and ecology. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jones AU - Kunz, SE AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 725 EP - 731 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - Face flies KW - Horn fly KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Survival KW - Egg production KW - Longevity KW - Cold tolerance KW - Haematobia irritans KW - Muscidae KW - Breeding success KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17107403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Cold+Stress+on+Survival+and+Reproduction+of+Haematobia+irritans+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29&rft.au=Jones%3BKunz%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haematobia irritans; Muscidae; Longevity; Breeding success; Survival; Egg production; Cold tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative efficacy of blastospores and aerial conidia of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus against the Russian wheat aphid AN - 17105413; 4416942 JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Vandenberg, J D AU - Jackson, MA AU - Lacey, LA AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road, Phava, NY 14850, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 181 EP - 183 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Aphids KW - Homoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Aphididae KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Relative+efficacy+of+blastospores+and+aerial+conidia+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+against+the+Russian+wheat+aphid&rft.au=Vandenberg%2C+J+D%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BLacey%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Vandenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Biological control; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the ribosomal DNA sequences of the microsporidia Thelohania and Vairimorpha of fire ants AN - 17104448; 4416936 AB - Sequences of the 16SrRNA gene of three microsporidia pathogenic to imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri, were determined and compared to each other and 15 other species of microsporidia. The sequences of 2 Thelohania species are nearly identical (99.2% identity), supporting light-microscopic and ultrastructural evidence that Thelohania solenopsae and Thelohania sp. are closely related but probably not conspecific. Sequence comparisons further revealed that Vairimorpha sp. has a sequence identity of about 73% with the two Thelohania species and Vairimorpha necatrix, the type species of the genus Vairimorpha. This, together with information on spore morphology, suggests that Vairimorpha sp. represents a genus distinct from that of the fire ant Thelohania. Its placement in the genus Vairimorpha must also be reevaluated. Two new sister taxa, one containing T. solenopsae and Thelohania sp. and one containing Vairimorpha sp., were found to have diverged early in the microsporidian lineage. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Moser, BA AU - Becnel, J J AU - Maruniak, J AU - Patterson, R S AD - USDA/CMAVE, 1600/1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, bam@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 154 EP - 159 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Ants KW - Black imported fire ant KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Thelohania KW - Formicidae KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - Vairimorpha KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17104448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+ribosomal+DNA+sequences+of+the+microsporidia+Thelohania+and+Vairimorpha+of+fire+ants&rft.au=Moser%2C+BA%3BBecnel%2C+J+J%3BMaruniak%2C+J%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; Thelohania; Vairimorpha; Pathogenicity; Nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flood Disturbance in a Forested Mountain Landscape AN - 17102284; 4411796 AB - Floods trigger cascades of physical processes that alter streams and riparian zones of mountain landscapes, yet affected species are resilient. JF - Bioscience AU - Swanson, F J AU - Johnson, S L AU - Gregory, S V AU - Acker, SA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, swansonsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 681 EP - 689 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Riparian land KW - Forests KW - Streams KW - Mountains KW - Environmental effects KW - Flooding KW - Riparian environments KW - Disturbance KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - D 04315:Riverbasins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Flood+Disturbance+in+a+Forested+Mountain+Landscape&rft.au=Swanson%2C+F+J%3BJohnson%2C+S+L%3BGregory%2C+S+V%3BAcker%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mountains; Riparian environments; Flooding; Environmental effects; Forests; Disturbance; Streams; Riparian land ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and Dominant Species of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Crop Rotation and Chemical Input Systems for the Northern Great Plains AN - 17094475; 4405207 AB - Dominant carabid species present in crops and crop rotation sequences commonly used in the northern Great Plains were assessed as an initial step toward the management of carabids as natural control agents. Ground beetle populations were determined by pitfall trapping in 4 crop rotation treatments maintained under high, managed, and low levels of chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Diversity and species richness among crops, rotations, and input levels were compared using 3 indices--the Shannon-Weaver Index, relative diversity, and the Hierarchical Richness Index (HRI). Four carabid species, Cyclotrachelus alternans (Casey), Poecilus lucublandus Say, Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer), and Bembidion quadrimaculatum L., comprising similar to 80% of the total collected, were considered dominant species. When carabid abundance data were grouped by crop, C. alternans was the dominant species in corn and alfalfa and P. lucublandus was dominant in wheat. In soybean plots, C. alternans and P. lucublandus were equally abundant. The relative abundance of H. pensylvanicus was highest in the low-input plots. High values of HRI for carabid diversity and species richness in the managed plots suggested that reduced chemical inputs encouraged greater abundance and diversity of beneficial carabids than were found in the high-input plots without the loss of yield seen in the low-input plots. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Ellsbury, M M AU - Powell, JE AU - Forcella, F AU - Woodson, W D AU - Clay, SA AU - Riedell, W E AD - Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 619 EP - 625 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ground beetles KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Population ecology KW - Community composition KW - Pitfall traps KW - Carabidae KW - Pest status KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17094475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Diversity+and+Dominant+Species+of+Ground+Beetle+Assemblages+%28Coleoptera%3A+Carabidae%29+in+Crop+Rotation+and+Chemical+Input+Systems+for+the+Northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Ellsbury%2C+M+M%3BPowell%2C+JE%3BForcella%2C+F%3BWoodson%2C+W+D%3BClay%2C+SA%3BRiedell%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Ellsbury&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Systems&rft.issn=01485598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10916-016-0571-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carabidae; Pest status; Agricultural ecosystems; Pitfall traps; Population ecology; Community composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Communication Between Males and Females of a Pupal Parasitoid Diapetimorpha introita (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) AN - 17092391; 4405225 AB - Data supporting chemically mediated communication between males and females of a pupal parasitoid Diapetimorpha introita (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were gathered by field trapping, behavioral bioassays, and electroantennography. Responses of male antennae to live females or their extract were greater than responses to live males or their extract. Responses to a control were negligible. Responses of female antennae to live insects or a control were the same. Responses to male or female extracts also were the same, but greater than responses to a control. Logarithmic serial dilutions of the female whole-body extract applied to male antennae revealed a dose-response curve with a quadratic fit. Responses of male and female antennae to extracts of tagmata were consistent with responses to whole-body extracts, but a more specific site associated with electrophysiologically active materials was not apparent. In behavioral bioassays and in the field, more males were caught in traps baited with live females than in traps baited with live males or a control. None of the extracts attracted males in the bioassay, and no females were caught in traps in the field. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Jewett, D K AU - Carpenter, JE AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2747 Davis Road, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 748 EP - 753 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ichneumon flies KW - females KW - males KW - pupae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Electroantennograms KW - Ichneumonidae KW - Diapetimorpha introita KW - Chemical communication KW - Parasitoids KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17092391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Chemical+Communication+Between+Males+and+Females+of+a+Pupal+Parasitoid+Diapetimorpha+introita+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29&rft.au=Jewett%2C+D+K%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Jewett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diapetimorpha introita; Ichneumonidae; Electroantennograms; Parasitoids; Chemical communication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 requires intimin for enteropathogenicity in calves AN - 16555225; 4393930 AB - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains require intimin to induce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in newborn piglets. Infection of newborn calves with intimin-positive or intimin-negative EHEC O157: H7 demonstrated that intimin is needed for colonization, A/E lesions, and disease in cattle. These results suggest that experiments to determine if intimin-based vaccines reduce O157:H7 levels in cattle are warranted. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 4560 EP - 4563 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - intimin KW - pathogenesis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Animal models KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02841:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+requires+intimin+for+enteropathogenicity+in+calves&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BBosworth%2C+B+T%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Animal models; Gastrointestinal tract diseases; Colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a novel Streptococcus thermophilus rolling-circle plasmid used for vector construction AN - 17093774; 4409659 AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of pER371, a native plasmid in Streptococcus thermophilus ST137, was determined. A putative open reading frame coding for a replication protein, Rep371, was identified. A characteristic promoter sequence and ribosome-binding site were found upstream of rep371. Rep371 (247 amino acid residues) does not show homology with RepA and RepS of the small S. thermophilus cryptic plasmids pST1-No.29 and pST1 respectively. The plus-origin sequence and Rep371 are highly homologous to the corresponding elements of the Staphylococcus aureus plasmids pC194 and pSK89. A novel 140-nucleotide palindromic minus-origin sequence, which is structurally similar but does not show sequence homology to the palA region of pC194, was identified in pER371. A palindromic sequence capable of forming a putative hairpin structure was identified and subsequently recognized as being highly conserved among several lactococcal rolling-circle plasmids. Cloning vectors derived from pER371 should provide valuable gene-delivery vehicles for the genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Solaiman, D K AU - Somkuti, G A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/08/27/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 27 SP - 174 EP - 180 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - RepA protein KW - RepS protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cloning vectors KW - Lactic acid bacteria KW - Plasmids KW - Genetic engineering KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17093774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+novel+Streptococcus+thermophilus+rolling-circle+plasmid+used+for+vector+construction&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+D+K%3BSomkuti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus; Plasmids; Cloning vectors; Lactic acid bacteria; Genetic engineering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and biomass distribution of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings as influenced by light availability AN - 16407062; 4313889 AB - Cherrybark oak ( Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings were established and raised in the field under four light levels (100%, 53%, 27% or 8% of full sunlight) to study the effects of light availability on their shoot growth, biomass accumulation, and biomass distribution. After two growing seasons, greatest stem growth was observed on seedlings which received intermediate light levels, and this growth was associated to a greater accumulation of total seedling biomass and a distribution pattern which balanced accumulation of root and shoot biomass. In contrast, less biomass accumulation and a biomass distribution pattern that favored root growth over stem growth were characteristic of seedlings receiving full sunlight. These results suggest that regeneration of cherrybark oak on mesic sites may be limited by preferential root growth, but reproduction of this species may be amenable to silvicultural practices that improve the light environment through stand manipulation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Gardiner, E S AU - Hodges, J D AD - Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1998/08/20/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 20 SP - 127 EP - 134 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 108 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Texas oak KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16407062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+and+biomass+distribution+of+cherrybark+oak+%28Quercus+pagoda+Raf.%29+seedlings+as+influenced+by+light+availability&rft.au=Gardiner%2C+E+S%3BHodges%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-08-20&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability of infestation and extent of mortality associated with the Douglas-fir beetle in the Colorado Front Range AN - 16375983; 4293711 AB - Infested and uninfested areas within Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, stands affected by the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. were sampled in the Colorado Front Range, CO. Classification tree models were built to predict probabilities of infestation. Regression trees and linear regression analysis were used to model amount of tree mortality in terms of basal area killed in infested stands. Classification trees had cross-validation estimates of classification accuracy ranging from 0.55 to 0.63. The data suggests that Douglas-fir beetle-attacked stands contain a high percentage of the basal area represented by Douglas-fir, high tree densities, and poor growth during the last 5 years prior to attack. Trees prone to attack by the Douglas-fir beetle within infested points also exhibited reduced growth rates. Tree and linear regression analysis indicate that initial amount of Douglas-fir basal area can be used as a predictor variable for the amount of basal area affected. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Negron, J F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1998/08/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 17 SP - 71 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas-fir beetle KW - USA, Colorado KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16375983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Probability+of+infestation+and+extent+of+mortality+associated+with+the+Douglas-fir+beetle+in+the+Colorado+Front+Range&rft.au=Negron%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Negron&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-17&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface amendment of fertilizer ammonium thiosulfate to reduce methyl bromide emission from soil AN - 17183107; 4480520 AB - Emission of methyl bromide (CH sub(3)Br) from soil fumigation contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion and imposes adverse toxicological effects on humans. We report the identification of fertilizer ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a potential surface amendment to reduce CH sub(3)Br volatilization from fumigated soils. In ATS-amended soil, CH sub(3)Br was rapidly degraded to Br super(-), with the degradation rate dependent on the ATS:CH sub(3)Br molar ratio and soil temperature. At 20 degree C, the half-life of CH sub(3)Br in an Arlington sandy loam was >5 d, but was reduced to <5 h when 4 molar times of ATS was amended. Greatly reduced CH sub(3)Br emission was observed from soil columns when Thio-Sul, a 60% ATS fertilizer, was applied to the soil surface at 660 kg ha super(-1). The emission of CH sub(3)Br from the unamended column was 61% of the applied dosage following a 30-cm injection, but that from the ATS-treated columns was <10%. Field study showed that ATS amendment at 660 kg ha super(-1) only had a limited effect on the efficacy for controlling nematodes and weeds. As ATS is an inexpensive fertilizer, the reported approach is promising for field application. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Becker, JO AU - Wang, D AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/08/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 15 SP - 2438 EP - 2441 VL - 32 IS - 16 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ammonium thiosulfate KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Emission control KW - Stratosphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17183107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Surface+amendment+of+fertilizer+ammonium+thiosulfate+to+reduce+methyl+bromide+emission+from+soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BBecker%2C+JO%3BWang%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=2438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Stratosphere; Emission control; Fertilizers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of the erythromycin resistance plasmid pPV142 from Staphylococcus simulans AN - 16549726; 4388983 AB - The 2.5-kb erythromycin resistance (Em super(R)) plasmid pPV142 of Staphylococcus simulans 13044 was isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis identified ORF1 and ORF2 encoding a 158-residue replication protein (Rep142) and a 244-residue erythromycin resistance protein (Erm, rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase), respectively. Structural analysis and Southern hybridization showed that the rep and ermM genes in pPV142 shared homology with the Em super(R) plasmid pPV141 (2.4 kb) of S. chromogenes 3688 and other Em super(R) plasmids known to exist in staphylococci and bacilli. Based on the presence of a 61-bp repeat upstream of the ermM gene, pPV142 is apparently a unique member of the pSN2 family of Em super(R) plasmids able to express erythromycin resistance constitutively. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Steinberg, D H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/08/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 15 SP - 281 EP - 288 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 165 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Erm protein KW - Rep142 protein KW - erythromycin KW - plasmid pPV142 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plasmids KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Staphylococcus simulans KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16549726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+the+erythromycin+resistance+plasmid+pPV142+from+Staphylococcus+simulans&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-08-15&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus simulans; Plasmids; Antibiotic resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mutant strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 producing a glucosyltransferase synthesizing a(112) glucosidic linkages AN - 911147527; 13777761 AB - A mutant strain (R1510) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 was isolated which synthesized primarily an insoluble polysaccharide and little soluble polysaccharide when grown in sucrose-containing medium. Glucose or sucrose cultures of this strain produced a single intense band of GTF-1 activity of 240kDa on SDS gels, and a number of faint, smaller bands. Oligosaccharides synthesized by strain R1510 from methyl-a-D-glucoside and sucrose included a trisaccharide whose structure contained an a(112) glucosidic linkage. This type of linkage has not been seen before in any products from strain B-1355 or its mutant derivatives. The structure of the purified trisaccharide was confirmed by super(13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The insoluble polysaccharide also contained a(112) branch linkages, as determined by methylation analysis, showing that synthesis of the linkages was not peculiar to methyl-a-D-glucoside. GTF-1, which had been excised with a razor blade from an SDS gel of a culture of the parent strain B-1355, produced the same trisaccharides as strain R1510, showing that GTF-1 from the wild-type strain was the same as GTF-1 from strain R1510. Mutant strains resembling strain R1510, but producing a single intense band of alternansucrase (200kDa) instead of GTF-1 were also isolated, suggesting that mutations may be generated which diminished the activities for any two of the three GTFs of strain B1355 relative to the third. Strain R1554 produced a soluble form of alternansucrase, while strain R1588 produced a cell-associated form. The mechanism(s) by which specific GTFs become associated with the cells of L. mesenteroides was not explored. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Smith, M R AU - Zahnley, J C AU - Wong, R Y AU - Lundin, R E AU - Ahlgren, J A AD - Western Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710, USA, US Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 37 EP - 45 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - oligosaccharides KW - Alternansucrase KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Polysaccharides KW - Gels KW - Sucrose KW - Sodium lauryl sulfate KW - N.M.R. KW - Glucosyltransferase KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Methylation KW - Mutation KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911147527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+mutant+strain+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+B-1355+producing+a+glucosyltransferase+synthesizing+a%28112%29+glucosidic+linkages&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+R%3BZahnley%2C+J+C%3BWong%2C+R+Y%3BLundin%2C+R+E%3BAhlgren%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900558 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gels; oligosaccharides; Alternansucrase; Sucrose; Glucose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; N.M.R.; Cell culture; Glucosyltransferase; Polysaccharides; Mutation; Methylation; Leuconostoc mesenteroides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900558 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mutant strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 producing a glucosyltransferase synthesizing alpha (1 arrow right 2) glucosidic linkages AN - 893275536; 14295550 AB - A mutant strain (R1510) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 was isolated which synthesized primarily an insoluble polysaccharide and little soluble polysaccharide when grown in sucrose-containing medium. Glucose or sucrose cultures of this strain produced a single intense band of GTF-1 activity of 240kDa on SDS gels, and a number of faint, smaller bands. Oligosaccharides synthesized by strain R1510 from methyl- alpha -D-glucoside and sucrose included a trisaccharide whose structure contained an alpha (1 arrow right 2) glucosidic linkage. This type of linkage has not been seen before in any products from strain B-1355 or its mutant derivatives. The structure of the purified trisaccharide was confirmed by super(13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The insoluble polysaccharide also contained alpha (1 arrow right 2) branch linkages, as determined by methylation analysis, showing that synthesis of the linkages was not peculiar to methyl- alpha -D-glucoside. GTF-1, which had been excised with a razor blade from an SDS gel of a culture of the parent strain B-1355, produced the same trisaccharides as strain R1510, showing that GTF-1 from the wild-type strain was the same as GTF-1 from strain R1510. Mutant strains resembling strain R1510, but producing a single intense band of alternansucrase (200kDa) instead of GTF-1 were also isolated, suggesting that mutations may be generated which diminished the activities for any two of the three GTFs of strain B1355 relative to the third. Strain R1554 produced a soluble form of alternansucrase, while strain R1588 produced a cell-associated form. The mechanism(s) by which specific GTFs become associated with the cells of L. mesenteroides was not explored. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Smith, M R AU - Zahnley, J C AU - Wong, R Y AU - Lundin, R E AU - Ahlgren, J A AD - Western Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710, USA, US Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 37 EP - 45 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - oligosaccharides KW - Alternansucrase KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Polysaccharides KW - Gels KW - Sucrose KW - Sodium lauryl sulfate KW - N.M.R. KW - Glucosyltransferase KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Methylation KW - Mutation KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/893275536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+mutant+strain+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+B-1355+producing+a+glucosyltransferase+synthesizing+alpha+%281+arrow+right+2%29+glucosidic+linkages&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+R%3BZahnley%2C+J+C%3BWong%2C+R+Y%3BLundin%2C+R+E%3BAhlgren%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900558 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gels; oligosaccharides; Alternansucrase; Sucrose; Glucose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; N.M.R.; Cell culture; Glucosyltransferase; Polysaccharides; Mutation; Methylation; Leuconostoc mesenteroides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900558 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi. AN - 80061403; 9701134 AB - A geographic cluster of 10 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in infants occurred in Cleveland, Ohio, between January 1993 and December 1994. This community-based case-control study tested the hypothesis that the 10 infants with pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis were more likely to live in homes where Stachybotrys atra was present than were 30 age- and ZIP code-matched control infants. We investigated the infants' home environments using bioaerosol sampling methods, with specific attention to S atra. Air and surface samples were collected from the room where the infant was reported to have spent the most time. Mean colony counts for all fungi averaged 29 227 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 in homes of patients and 707 CFU/m3 in homes of controls. The mean concentration of S atra in the air was 43 CFU/m3 in homes of patients and 4 CFU/m3 in homes of controls. Viable S atra was detected in filter cassette samples of the air in the homes of 5 of 9 patients and 4 of 27 controls. The matched odds ratio for a change of 10 units in the mean concentration of S atra in the air was 9.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-3 X 10(6)). The mean concentration of S atra on surfaces was 20 X 10(6) CFU/g and 0.007 x 10(6) CFU/g in homes of patients and controls, respectively. Infants with pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis were more likely than controls to live in homes with toxigenic S atra and other fungi in the indoor air. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Etzel, R A AU - Montaña, E AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Kullman, G J AU - Allan, T M AU - Dearborn, D G AU - Olson, D R AU - Jarvis, B B AU - Miller, J D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. RUTH.ETZEL@USDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 757 EP - 762 VL - 152 IS - 8 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Acute Disease KW - Hemosiderosis -- epidemiology KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hemosiderosis -- microbiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hemorrhage -- epidemiology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Stachybotrys -- isolation & purification KW - Hemorrhage -- microbiology KW - Stachybotrys -- growth & development KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80061403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+pulmonary+hemorrhage+in+infants+associated+with+exposure+to+Stachybotrys+atra+and+other+fungi.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A%3BMonta%C3%B1a%2C+E%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BKullman%2C+G+J%3BAllan%2C+T+M%3BDearborn%2C+D+G%3BOlson%2C+D+R%3BJarvis%2C+B+B%3BMiller%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999 Feb;153(2):205-6 [9988255] Erratum In: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998 Nov;152(11):1055 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomass of Tomato Seedlings Exposed to an Allelopathic Phenolic Acid and Enriched Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide AN - 755134505; 13635253 AB - Increased atmospheric CO sub(2) can affect plant growth, so competition among plants may be influenced. Allelopathy is one mechanism involved in plant competition. Experiments were conducted in a controlled-environment chamber to determine if the concentration of atmospheric CO sub(2) altered the dose-response relationship between an allelopathic phenolic acid and tomato seedling biomass. Seeds of Lycopersicon lycopersicum were planted in quartz sand in styrofoam cups and allowed to germinate and grow for 15-17 days. During the next 14 days, seedlings were watered twice daily with nutrient solution amended with p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid, HOC sub(6)H sub(4)CH = CHCO sub(2)H; ranging 0-0.85 mg mL super(-1); 5 concentrations in each experiment) and exposed 24 hr day super(-1) in continuous-stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) to ambient air (335-375 ppm CO sub(2)) or ambient air to which 350 ppm CO sub(2) was added (i.e., approximately twice-ambient CO sub(2); two CSTRs per CO sub(2) concentration in each experiment). Dose-response data relating p-coumaric acid concentration and shoot, root, and total biomass were fit to a flexible decay function. In all three experiments, twice-ambient CO sub(2) significantly increased the y-intercept for the dose-response model for the p-coumaric acid effect on shoot biomass by 25-50% but had negligible effects on other aspects of the models. Results suggest that if CO sub(2) affects plant competition, mechanisms involving allelopathic phenolic acids may not be involved. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Shafer AU - Blum, U AU - Horton, S J AU - Hesterberg, D L AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality Program, Dept. of Plant Pathology Dept. of Plant Pathology, Dept. of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 123 EP - 136 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 106 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Lycopersicon KW - Soil contamination KW - Biomass KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Soil pollution KW - Sand KW - Dose-response effects KW - plant growth KW - shoots KW - Seedlings KW - Decay KW - Carbon dioxide KW - allelopathy KW - competition KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755134505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Biomass+of+Tomato+Seedlings+Exposed+to+an+Allelopathic+Phenolic+Acid+and+Enriched+Atmospheric+Carbon+Dioxide&rft.au=Shafer%3BBlum%2C+U%3BHorton%2C+S+J%3BHesterberg%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004944731826 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Atmospheric pollution models; Carbon dioxide; Sand; Dose-response effects; plant growth; shoots; Seedlings; Decay; Soil contamination; Biomass; allelopathy; competition; Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004944731826 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary and biliary excretion of ergot alkaloids from steers that grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue. AN - 73891762; 9734865 AB - Ergot alkaloids cause fescue toxicosis when livestock graze endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue. Little is known about the bioavailability of the ergot alkaloid classes (lysergic acid, lysergic acid amides, or ergopeptine alkaloids) in livestock, and this hampers development of pharmacological strategies to ameliorate the toxicosis. One method used to determine bioavailability of ergot alkaloids is to examine urinary and biliary excretion patterns. Thus, our objectives were to compare ergot alkaloid excretion via urinary or biliary systems and to determine the rate of appearance or clearance of these alkaloids in cattle that were grazing E+ or endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue. In autumn 1996, bile and urine samples were collected from eight steers (203 kg), each grazing E+ and E- tall fescue, and total alkaloid excretion was quantified using competitive ELISA. Approximately 96% of the ergot alkaloids were excreted in urine. The same steers were used to examine the rate of appearance in, or clearance from, urine when switched from E+ to E-, or from E- to E+, pastures in comparison with steers that were continuously grazing E+ or E- tall fescue at 0, 2, 5, and 7 d. Steers were returned to their original pastures after 7 d, and urine was collected at 2, 5, and 7 d. Urinary alkaloid concentrations in steers switched from E- to E+ pastures were similar (P = .55) to those in steers that continuously grazed E+ tall fescue after 2 d. Steers switched from E+ to E- pastures had urinary alkaloid concentrations similar (P = .91) to those in steers that continuously grazed E- pastures after 2 d. In 1997, two trials were conducted in which steers (191 kg) were switched or remained on E+ or E- pastures, and urine was collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h to estimate rate of alkaloid appearance or clearance. Steers switched from E- to E+ 1) had about 33% as much urinary alkaloids as steers grazing E+ pasture after 12 h, 2) were not different after 24 h (P = .76), 3) had twice those of the E+ steers at 48 h (P < .05), and 4) were not different after 96 h. Steers switched from E+ to E- tall fescue had approximately 33% less (P < .05) urinary alkaloids than those grazing E+ at 12 h, 67% less (P < .05) at 24 and 48 h, and were not different (P = .86) from steers continuously grazing E- pastures after 96 h. Urinary alkaloid excretion patterns were similar to ergot alkaloid solubility patterns from in vitro digestion of E+ tall fescue. We suggest that alkaloids, liberated from the forage by ruminal microorganisms, were rapidly absorbed as lysergic acid amides and biotransformed ergopeptine alkaloids. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Stuedemann, J A AU - Hill, N S AU - Thompson, F N AU - Fayrer-Hosken, R A AU - Hay, W P AU - Dawe, D L AU - Seman, D H AU - Martin, S A AD - J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 2146 EP - 2154 VL - 76 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Digestion KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Seasons KW - Male KW - Biological Availability KW - Bile -- chemistry KW - Cattle -- urine KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- urine KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Hypocreales -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73891762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Urinary+and+biliary+excretion+of+ergot+alkaloids+from+steers+that+grazed+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue.&rft.au=Stuedemann%2C+J+A%3BHill%2C+N+S%3BThompson%2C+F+N%3BFayrer-Hosken%2C+R+A%3BHay%2C+W+P%3BDawe%2C+D+L%3BSeman%2C+D+H%3BMartin%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Stuedemann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo effects of thymulin on rat testicular steroid synthesis. AN - 73863247; 9719447 AB - Although the stimulatory effects of immunological hormone thymulin on ovarian function are documented, responses of the testis to thymulin are unknown. Effects of thymulin and thymulin augmentation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis were analyzed via incubation of testis from 3-, 6-, and 9-week-old rats with 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml of thymulin or thymulin plus hCG (1 IU/ml). At three weeks of age, thymulin decreased testosterone and estrone synthesis. By 6 and 9 weeks of age, lower doses of thymulin (0.1 and 1 ng/ml) stimulated testosterone and estrone synthesis. Increased doses of thymulin (100 ng/ml) resulted in decreased testicular steroid synthesis. No thymulin augmentation of hCG stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis was noted in vitro. Responses in vitro may have been confounded with the endocrine status at the time of incubation. Thymulin levels are increased at 3 weeks of age and decline at 6 and 9 weeks of age whereas gonadotropin levels are just the opposite pattern; these in vivo endocrine changes may have influenced the in vitro responses. Analysis of in vivo response to thymulin was pursued in pituitary intact, hypophysectomized and hCG primed (12 h before thymulin injection) hypophysectomized rats (5 weeks of age) with 1 and 10 microg of thymulin injected intravenously. Thymulin had no effect on testicular steroidogenesis in hypophysectomized rats 30, 60, and 120 min post injection). In pituitary intact rats, thymulin reduced testosterone and estrone concentrations. In hCG primed hypophysectomized rats, thymulin injection was followed by significant increases in testosterone levels and declines in estrone concentrations. These studies indicated that any increases in testicular steroidogenesis from thymulin required gonadotropin stimulation and increased concentrations of thymulin had inhibitory effects on testicular steroidogenesis. JF - The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Wise, T AD - USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 129 EP - 135 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0960-0760, 0960-0760 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - 0 KW - Estrone KW - 2DI9HA706A KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Thymic Factor, Circulating KW - 9H198D04WL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- administration & dosage KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Hypophysectomy KW - Aging KW - Male KW - Testis -- metabolism KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Estrone -- biosynthesis KW - Thymic Factor, Circulating -- administration & dosage KW - Thymic Factor, Circulating -- pharmacology KW - Testosterone -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73863247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Horizons&rft.atitle=Seven+keys+to+better+forecasting&rft.au=Moon%2C+Mark+A%3BMentzer%2C+John+T%3BSmith%2C+Carlo+D%3BGarver%2C+Michael+S&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Business+Horizons&rft.issn=00076813&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chain method for measuring soil surface roughness; use of the chain set; discussion AN - 52549410; 1998-062982 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Merrill, Stephen D Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 1147 EP - 1149 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - methods KW - surface properties KW - erosion KW - conservation KW - roughness KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - chain method KW - measurement KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52549410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Chain+method+for+measuring+soil+surface+roughness%3B+use+of+the+chain+set%3B+discussion&rft.au=Merrill%2C+Stephen+D&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original, see Saleh, A., 1993, J. Soil Water Conserv., Vol. 48, p. 527-529 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chain method; conservation; erodibility; erosion; measurement; methods; roughness; scale factor; soil erosion; soils; surface properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effect on methyl bromide volatilization: Permeability of plastic cover films AN - 17578002; 4652539 AB - Conventional methods of applying methyl bromide (MeBr) for soil fumigation can result in significant losses to the atmosphere, potentially contributing to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. It has been found that one of the major factors controlling MeBr volatilization is the permeability of the plastic cover films. Since the most commonly used agricultural film (i.e., polyethylene or PE) is not effective in containing MeBr, one practical method of reducing MeBr volatilization is to replace the PE film with one that is less permeable to MeBr. In this study, we document the temperature-dependent permeability of standard PE and a new plastic film (Hytibar) that is considered to be virtually impermeable to MeBr. Functional relationships between temperature and the film permeability to MeBr were obtained from a calibration experiment under controlled conditions. A field experiment was conducted to determine MeBr volatilization dynamics from plots covered with the two different plastic films. A diffusion-based transport model was used to simulate the fate and transport of MeBr gas in the soil and volatilization into the atmosphere. In both the calibration and field experiment, the Hytibar film was found to be nearly impermeable to MeBr. Volatilization of MeBr was affected directly by temperature changes of the PE or Hytibar film in the calibration experiment. Under field conditions, MeBr emission was less affected by temperature, especially at large times after application. Model simulation predicted MeBr volatilization reasonably well for the PE covered field plot, but overpredicted the emission for the Hytibar plot. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Wang, D AU - Yates AU - Jury, WA AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., Soil Physics and Pesticides Res. Unit, 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, dwang@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 821 EP - 827 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Hytibar film KW - polyethylene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Temperature KW - Emission control KW - Air pollution control KW - Fumigation KW - Vaporization KW - Soil KW - Permeability KW - Gases KW - Plastics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17578002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Temperature+effect+on+methyl+bromide+volatilization%3A+Permeability+of+plastic+cover+films&rft.au=Wang%2C+D%3BYates%3BJury%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumigation; Soil; Temperature; Permeability; Plastics; Agriculture; Gases; Air pollution control; Vaporization; Emission control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of fumonisins in maize ears infected with strains of Fusarium moniliforme that differ in fumonisin production AN - 17571889; 4354584 AB - Strains of Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A) that differ in fumonisin production in vitro were previously identified in a Kansas field population. One strain that produced high levels of fumonisins and two strains that produced very low levels of fumonisins were applied to maize kernels at planting at the Rocky Ford Farm near Manhattan, Kansas. The distribution of fumonisins in symptomatic and symptomless kernels from individual harvested ears was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the distribution of the three applied strains in the kernels was determined by vegetative compatibility group analysis. Both symptomatic and symptomless kernels were extensively colonized with F. moniliforme, but the highest levels of fumonisins were in the symptomatic kernels. All three applied strains were recovered from kernels in 1993, and two of them were recovered from kernels in 1994. However, a high frequency of ear and kernel infection with a strain that produced little fumonisin in vitro did not consistently decrease the level of fumonisins. The frequency of infection with fumonisin low-producing strains may have been too low for competitive exclusion of naturally occurring fumonisin high-producing strains. Also, strains that are low-fumonisin producers under laboratory conditions may be high producers in the field. JF - Plant Disease AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Lu, Ming AU - Claflin, LE AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, desjarae@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 82 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - symptoms KW - maize KW - USA, Kansas KW - fumonisins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Mycotoxins KW - Plant diseases KW - Zea mays KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+fumonisins+in+maize+ears+infected+with+strains+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+that+differ+in+fumonisin+production&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BLu%2C+Ming%3BClaflin%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; Plant diseases; Mycotoxins; High-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Botrytis blossom blight of southern blueberries: Cultivar susceptibility and effect of chemical treatments AN - 17564355; 4354579 AB - The susceptibility of blueberry flowers at each developmental stage was evaluated by inoculating potted blueberry bushes of the rabbiteye cultivars Climax, Premier, and Tifblue, and the southern highbush cultivars Gulfcoast and Cooper, during bloom with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea and incubating in a dew chamber for 2 days at 20 degree C and 100% relative humidity. Flower stage was rated at the beginning of each study and at 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation. The efficacy of five fungicities (benomyl, captan, cyprodinil, cyprodinil + CGA173506, and propiconazole) and a surfactant for control of Botrytis blossom blight was evaluated by inoculating Climax and Gulfcoast plants 2 days before or 2 days after treatment with each fungicide. The effect of chemicals used during bloom on the severity of Botrytis blossom blight was evaluated by treating Tifblue and Cooper plants with gibberellic acid, surfactant, and fungicide combinations 1 day prior to inoculation. Botrytis disease symptoms were scored 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation on a visual scale of 0 to 7. Flower susceptibility increased as flower stage at inoculation increased. Tifblue flowers at or near full bloom (stages 5 and 6) at the time of inoculation were very susceptible to Botrytis blossom blight. Flowers treated with benomyl, cyprodinil, and cyprodinil + CGA173506 2 days after inoculation had lower Botrytis severity scores than inoculated flowers not treated with fungicides. Flowers treated with gibberellic acid 1 day prior to inoculation had lower Botrytis scores 2 and 4 weeks later than untreated flowers, while flowers treated with a nonionic surfactant received the same Botrytis severity scores as untreated flowers. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, B J AD - USDA-ARS, Small Fruit Research Station, P.O. Box 287, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, bjsmith@ag.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 924 EP - 927 VL - 82 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pathogenicity KW - symptoms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Symptoms KW - Blossom blight KW - Humidity KW - Pathogenicity KW - Blight KW - Fungicides KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Vaccinium myrtillus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17564355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Botrytis+blossom+blight+of+southern+blueberries%3A+Cultivar+susceptibility+and+effect+of+chemical+treatments&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Vaccinium myrtillus; Blight; Humidity; Fungicides; Pathogenicity; Symptoms; Blossom blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of pot size on growth and transpiration of maize and soybean during water deficit stress AN - 17387490; 4611330 AB - Many experiments are conducted in greenhouses or growth chambers in which plants are grown in pots. Considerable research has shown that pots can have a limiting effect on overall plant growth. This research was undertaken to examine the effects of pot size specifically on transpiration response of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) plants undergoing water-deficit stress. Maize and soybean experiments were conducted similarly, but as separate experiments. Maize plants were grown in 2.3, 4.1, 9.1, and 16.21 pots sealed to prevent water loss except by transpiration. For each pot size, plants were divided into two watering regimes, a well-watered control and a water-deficit regime. Water deficits were imposed by simply not rewatering the pots. Soybean was examined in a similar manner, but only the three larger pot sizes were used in the experiment. For both maize and soybean, and in both watering regimes, there was a significant reduction of shoot dry weight and total transpiration with decreasing pot size. However, there were no significant differences among pot sizes in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) point at which transpiration began to decline (FTSW[ap]0.31 for maize and [ap]0.35 for soybean) or in the overall relationship of transpiration rate to soil water content in response to water deficits. These results indicated that, regardless of pot size or plant size, the overriding factor determining transpirational response to drought stress was soil water content. JF - Journal of Experimental Botany AU - Ray, J D AU - Sinclair, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Agronomy Physiology Laboratory, University of Florida, PO Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1381 EP - 1386 VL - 49 IS - 325 SN - 0022-0957, 0022-0957 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Deficit KW - Experimental Data KW - Plant Growth KW - Corn KW - Experimental Design KW - Drought KW - Soil Water KW - Transpiration KW - Water Stress KW - Soybeans KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+pot+size+on+growth+and+transpiration+of+maize+and+soybean+during+water+deficit+stress&rft.au=Ray%2C+J+D%3BSinclair%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=325&rft.spage=1381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00220957&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental Design; Corn; Soybeans; Experimental Data; Water Deficit; Transpiration; Soil Water; Drought; Water Stress; Plant Growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in Four Soybean Cultivars from China AN - 17252328; 4525372 AB - Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most common soybean viruses and can cause economic losses. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of resistance to SMV-G1 in four soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars from China. Each cultivar was crossed to the susceptible cultivar Williams and to lines with known sources of resistance genes to test for allelism. The crosses were evaluated in the F2 and F3 generations in the field and in the greenhouse for reaction to inoculation with SMV-G1. Results showed that each of the Chinese cultivars has a single dominant gene for resistance to SMV-G1. The resistance gene carried by `Feng shou huang' (PI 458507) is at the Rsv1 locus. The resistance gene in `Ke feng No. 1' (PI 556949) is at the non-Rsv1 locus in PI 486355. The resistance gene carried by `Da bai ma' (PI 556948) is not at the Rsv1 locus. The resistance gene in `Xu dou No. 1' (PI 556950) is at neither the Rsv1 locus nor the non-Rsv1 locus in PI 486355. JF - Crop Science AU - Wang, Y AU - Nelson, R L AU - Hu, Y AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Physiology and Genetics Research Unit, Dep. of Crop Sciences, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, rlnclson@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 922 EP - 925 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - China KW - Rsv gene KW - Rsv1 gene KW - cultivars KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genetic analysis KW - Disease resistance KW - Glycine max KW - Soybean mosaic virus KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genetic+Analysis+of+Resistance+to+Soybean+Mosaic+Virus+in+Four+Soybean+Cultivars+from+China&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y%3BNelson%2C+R+L%3BHu%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Soybean mosaic virus; Disease resistance; Genetic analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance and QTL Analysis of Field Resistance to Ashy Stem Blight in Common Bean AN - 17248624; 4525373 AB - Ashy stem blight [caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.] can be a serious disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought and high temperature conditions in some regions. The mode of inheritance of valuable sources of resistance is lacking. We studied inheritance of field resistance to ashy stem blight in a recombinant inbred population (`Dorado' x XAN 176) consisting of 119 F sub(5:7) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) tested in replicated experiments across 2 yr. A score from 1 to 9 (no disease to severe disease) was used to measure disease reaction. Moderate H sub(NS) (0.53 and 0.57) and near-normal frequency distribution of RILs for mean disease score each year indicated a lack of discrete segregation classes. The phenotypic variation across a subgroup composed of 79 RILs was further investigated with 165 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers by one-way analyses of variance and interval mapping. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL), explaining 19, 15, 15, 13, and 13% of the phenotypic variation for disease score, were detected in 1993. Three of these QTL, explaining 15, 12, and 12% of the variation in disease reaction, were detected in 1994. Multiple QTL regression models (P < 0.01) explained up to 47% (four loci) of the phenotypic variation for disease score in 1993 and 28% (three loci) in 1994. The five QTL, all derived from XAN 176, generally showed additive effects. These QTL-linked RAPD markers may prove useful for indirect selection of field resistance to ashy stem blight derived from XAN 176. JF - Crop Science AU - Miklas, P N AU - Stone, V AU - Urrea, CA AU - Johnson, E AU - Beaver, J S AD - USDA-ARS-IAREC, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350-9687, USA, pmiklas@tricity.wsu.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 916 EP - 921 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - ashy stem blight KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genetic analysis KW - Macrophomina phaseolina KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Disease resistance KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17248624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Inheritance+and+QTL+Analysis+of+Field+Resistance+to+Ashy+Stem+Blight+in+Common+Bean&rft.au=Miklas%2C+P+N%3BStone%2C+V%3BUrrea%2C+CA%3BJohnson%2C+E%3BBeaver%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Miklas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophomina phaseolina; Phaseolus vulgaris; Disease resistance; Genetic analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature of upland and peatland soils in a north central Minnesota forest AN - 17202070; 4494241 AB - Soil temperature strongly influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil. However, soil temperature data for forest landscapes are scarce. For 6 yr, weekly soil temperatures were measured at two upland and four peatland sites in north central Minnesota. One upland site supported mature aspen forest, the other supported short grass. One peatland site was forested with black spruce, one supported tall willow and alder brush, and two had open vegetation -- sedges and low shrubs. Mean annual air temperature averaged 3.6 degree C. Mean annual soil temperatures at 10- to 200-cm depths ranged from 5.5 to 7.6 degree C among the six sites. Soils with open vegetation, whether mineral or peat, averaged about 1 degree C warmer annually and from 2 to 3 degree C warmer during summer than the forested soils. The tall brush peatland was cooler than all other sites due to strong groundwater inputs. The mineral soils warmed more quickly in the spring, achieved higher temperatures in the summer, and cooled more quickly in the fall than the peat soils; however, the greatest temperature differences between mineral and peat soils occurred at or below 50 cm. In the upper 20 cm, vegetation and groundwater had greater effects on temperature than did soil type (mineral or peat). Summer soil temperatures were higher, relative to air temperature, during periods of greater precipitation. This effect was minimal at upland sites but substantial in the peatlands. In spite of the persistent sub-freezing air temperatures typical of Minnesota winters, significant frost developed in the soils only in those years when severe cold weather arrived before an insulating cover of snow had accumulated. JF - Canadian Journal of Soil Science AU - Nichols, D S AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 493 EP - 509 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0008-4271, 0008-4271 KW - USA, Minnesota, north-central KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Frost KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Soil temperature KW - Groundwater KW - Snow cover KW - Air temperature KW - Peat KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17202070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Temperature+of+upland+and+peatland+soils+in+a+north+central+Minnesota+forest&rft.au=Nichols%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.issn=00084271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Frost; Soil temperature; Forests; Vegetation; Snow cover; Groundwater; Air temperature; Peat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of increasing growth temperature and CO sub(2) concentration on the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis in soybean seedlings AN - 17193558; 4480866 AB - Using controlled environmental growth chambers, whole plants of soybean, cv. 'Clark', were examined during early development (7-20 days after sowing) at both ambient ( approximately 350 mu L L super(-1)) and elevated ( approximately 700 mu L L super(-1)) carbon dioxide and a range of air temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 degree C) to determine if future climatic change (temperature or CO sub(2) concentration) could alter the ratio of carbon lost by dark respiration to that gained via photosynthesis. Although whole-plant respiration increased with short-term increases in the measurement temperature, respiration acclimated to increasing growth temperature. Respiration, on a dry weight basis, was either unchanged or lower for the elevated CO sub(2) grown plants, relative to ambient CO sub(2) concentration, over the range of growth temperatures. Levels of both starch and sucrose increased with elevated CO sub(2) concentration, but no interaction between CO sub(2) and growth temperature was observed. Relative growth rate increased with elevated CO sub(2) concentration up to a growth temperature of 35 degree C. The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis rate over a 24-h period during early development was not altered over the growth temperatures (20-35 degree C) and was consistently less at the elevated relative to the ambient CO sub(2) concentration. The current experiment does not support the proposition that global increases in carbon dioxide and temperature will increase the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis; rather, the data suggest that some plant species may continue to act as a sink for carbon even if carbon dioxide and temperature increase simultaneously. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Ziska, L H AU - Bunce, JA AD - Climate Stress Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg 046 A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 637 EP - 643 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth KW - Photosynthesis KW - Respiration KW - Climatic changes KW - Glycine max KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17193558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+increasing+growth+temperature+and+CO+sub%282%29+concentration+on+the+ratio+of+respiration+to+photosynthesis+in+soybean+seedlings&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H%3BBunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Photosynthesis; Respiration; Temperature effects; Climatic changes; Growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term growth at elevated carbon dioxide stimulates methane emission in tropical paddy rice AN - 17190926; 4480868 AB - Recent anthropogenic emissions of key atmospheric trace gases (e.g. CO sub(2) and CH sub(4)) which absorb infra-red radiation may lead to an increase in mean surface temperatures and potential changes in climate. Although sources of each gas have been evaluated independently, little attention has focused on potential interactions between gases which could influence emission rates. In the current experiment, the effect of enhanced CO sub(2) (300 mu L L super(-1) above ambient) and/or air temperature (4 degree C above ambient) on methane generation and emission were determined for the irrigated tropical paddy rice system over 3 consecutive field seasons (1995 wet and dry seasons 1996 dry season). For all three seasons, elevated CO sub(2) concentration resulted in a significant increase in dissolved soil methane relative to the ambient control. Consistent with the observed increases in soil methane, measurements of methane flux per unit surface area during the 1995 wet and 1996 dry seasons also showed a significant increase at elevated carbon dioxide concentration relative to the ambient CO sub(2) condition (+49 and 60% for each season, respectively). Growth of rice at both increasing CO sub(2) concentration and air temperature did not result in additional stimulation of either dissolved or emitted methane compared to growth at elevated CO sub(2) alone. The observed increase in methane emissions were associated with a large, consistent, CO sub(2)-induced stimulation of root growth. Results from this experiment suggest that as atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration increases, methane emissions from tropical paddy rice could increase above current projections. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Ziska, L H AU - Moya, T B AU - Wassmann, R AU - Namuco, O S AU - Lantin, R S AU - Aduna, J B AU - Abao, E Jr AU - Bronson, K F AU - Neue, HU AU - Olszyk, D AD - Climate Stress Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg 046 A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, lziskasrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 657 EP - 665 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - rice KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Plant culture KW - Biosynthesis KW - Methane KW - Climatic changes KW - Oryza sativa KW - Methanogenesis KW - Air pollution KW - Growth KW - Rice field aquaculture KW - Rice fields KW - Carbon dioxide KW - D 04636:Grasses KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q1 08585:Plant culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17190926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Long-term+growth+at+elevated+carbon+dioxide+stimulates+methane+emission+in+tropical+paddy+rice&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H%3BMoya%2C+T+B%3BWassmann%2C+R%3BNamuco%2C+O+S%3BLantin%2C+R+S%3BAduna%2C+J+B%3BAbao%2C+E+Jr%3BBronson%2C+K+F%3BNeue%2C+HU%3BOlszyk%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant culture; Air pollution; Methane; Biosynthesis; Growth; Rice fields; Rice field aquaculture; Climatic changes; Carbon dioxide; Methanogenesis; Oryza sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of large woody debris on retention, immigration, and growth of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in stream pools AN - 17190206; 4478752 AB - Over 4 months and about 1 year, coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) greater than or equal to age-1 in Little Jones Creek, California, remained at similar rates in pools with and without large woody debris. This result was based on attempts in July and November 1995 to collect and tag all fish in 22 pools and three collections of fish from the same pools in November 1995, May 1996, and August 1996. Retention of fish appeared to be greater in pools with large woody debris in May 1996. The presence of large woody debris in pools did not influence immigration or growth of cutthroat trout. However, both immigration and growth increased downstream over the 3850-m study reach. Low retention and substantial immigration of cutthroat trout into experimental pools indicate that movement is important in the dynamics of this population. First- and second-order channels appear to be important sources of fish for the third-order study reach, while the study reach may export significant numbers of fish to downstream reaches accessible to anadromous fish. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Harvey, B C AD - USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA, bch@axe.humboldt.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1902 EP - 1908 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Oncorhynchus clarki clarki KW - Growth KW - Immigration KW - Coastal environments KW - Streams KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17190206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Getting+to+core+of+supply+chain&rft.au=BARRY+ELLIOTT+and+KANUTE+NIRUNTASUKKARUT&rft.aulast=BARRY+ELLIOTT+and+KANUTE+NIRUNTASUKKARUT&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Bangkok+Post&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oncorhynchus clarki clarki; Immigration; Streams; Growth; Coastal environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth dynamics and genotypic variation in tropical, field-grown paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to increasing carbon dioxide and temperature AN - 17188614; 4480867 AB - While previous studies have examined the growth and yield response of rice to continued increases in CO sub(2) concentration and potential increases in air temperature, little work has focused on the long-term response of tropical paddy rice (i.e. the bulk of world rice production) in situ, or genotypic differences among cultivars in response to increasing CO sub(2) and/or temperature. At the International Rice Research Institute, rice (cv IR72) was grown from germination until maturity for 4 field seasons, the 1994 and 1995 wet and the 1995 and 1996 dry seasons at three different CO sub(2) concentrations (ambient, ambient + 200 and ambient + 300 mu L L super(-1) CO sub(2)) and two air temperatures (ambient and ambient + 4 degree C) using open-top field chambers placed within a paddy site. Overall, enhanced levels of CO sub(2) alone resulted in significant increases in total biomass at maturity and increased seed yield with the relative degree of enhancement consistent over growing seasons across both temperatures. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Moya, T B AU - Ziska, L H AU - Namuco, O S AU - Olszyk, D AD - USDA-ARS, Climate Stress Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, lziskasrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 645 EP - 656 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Oryza sativa KW - carbon dioxide KW - genotypes KW - rice KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - Plant culture KW - Temperature KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Air temperature KW - Growth KW - Rice field aquaculture KW - Rice fields KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04636:Grasses KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q1 08585:Plant culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17188614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Growth+dynamics+and+genotypic+variation+in+tropical%2C+field-grown+paddy+rice+%28Oryza+sativa+L.%29+in+response+to+increasing+carbon+dioxide+and+temperature&rft.au=Moya%2C+T+B%3BZiska%2C+L+H%3BNamuco%2C+O+S%3BOlszyk%2C+D&rft.aulast=Moya&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant culture; Temperature effects; Growth; Rice fields; Rice field aquaculture; Temperature; Greenhouse effect; Carbon dioxide; Air temperature; Oryza sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Function and dynamics of woody debris in stream reaches in the central Sierra Nevada, California AN - 17183691; 4478743 AB - In 1993, we located, measured, and tagged almost 1700 woody debris pieces on six streams in California's central Sierra Nevada. The stability, geomorphic function, and use by fish for cover of each piece were recorded. In 1994 and 1995, piece movement was quantified and new debris pieces were measured. In the 60 study reaches, debris was not influential in shaping channel morphology and fish cover. Although woody debris was often associated with habitat units, few pieces deflected flow or contributed to the formation of pools or steps. Fish used deep water as cover more often than debris or any other cover type. Medium-sized debris was, however, used in a greater proportion than its availability to fish. Little sediment was stored by debris, and five large pieces stored 85% of the sediment volume measured. Debris frequency and volume did not differ significantly by channel type. After a low stream flow year (1993-1994), few pieces had moved and few new pieces were identified. After a high-flow season (1994-1995), 31% of the pieces had either moved or were not found and new pieces represented over 5% of the originally surveyed volume of wood. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Berg, N AU - Carlson, A AU - Azuma, D AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701-0245, USA, nberg/psw@fs.fed.us Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1807 EP - 1820 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - USA, California KW - debris KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater environments KW - Wood KW - Streams KW - D 04310:Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17183691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Function+and+dynamics+of+woody+debris+in+stream+reaches+in+the+central+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=Berg%2C+N%3BCarlson%2C+A%3BAzuma%2C+D&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streams; Wood; Freshwater environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of gamma-irradiated Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage on raw or cooked Turkey breast meat AN - 17178487; 4479195 AB - The radiation resistance and ability of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, 15313, 43256, and 49594 to multiply on irradiated, air-packed, refrigerated raw or cooked turkey breast meat nuggets (ca. 25 g) and ground turkey breast meat was investigated. Gamma-radiation D values for L. monocytogenes were significantly different on raw and cooked nuggets, 0.56 plus or minus 0.03 kGy and 0.69 plus or minus 0.03 kGy, respectively; but they were not significantly different (P less than or equal to 0.05) on raw and cooked ground turkey meat. High populations ( similar to 10 super(9) CFU/g) of L. monocytogenes declined during 14 days of storage at 4 degree C in both irradiated and nonirradiated samples of raw but not of cooked ground turkey breast meat. A moderate inoculum ( similar to 10 super(3) CFU/g) did not survive a radiation dose of 3 kGy. The population increased in cooked but not in raw samples of irradiated ground turkey meat stored at either 2 or 7 degree C for 21 days. The D value changed significantly from 0.70 plus or minus 0.04 to 0.60 plus or minus 0.02 kGy when the product was cooked to an internal temperature of 80 degree C before irradiation. Growth on either raw or cooked turkey meat did not alter the radiation resistance of L. monocytogenes. Analyses were performed for pH, a sub(w), moisture, and reducing potential of raw and cooked turkey meat and for pH, amino acid profile, thiamine, and riboflavin contents of aqueous extracts of raw and cooked turkey meats without identifying the factor or factors involved in differences in the survival and multiplication of L. monocytogenes on raw and cooked meat. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AU - Kim, A AU - Fox, JB Jr AU - Farrell, HM Jr AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Research Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA, dthayer@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 979 EP - 987 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Storage KW - Meat KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Poultry KW - Radiation KW - Food KW - Cold KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Fate+of+gamma-irradiated+Listeria+monocytogenes+during+refrigerated+storage+on+raw+or+cooked+Turkey+breast+meat&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G%3BKim%2C+A%3BFox%2C+JB+Jr%3BFarrell%2C+HM+Jr&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Cold; Radiation; Poultry; Food; Meat; Storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, direct immunofluorescent filter technique, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 seeded in beef carcass wash water AN - 17178455; 4479187 AB - In commercial beef processing, carcasses are customarily washed with water to remove physical and microbial contamination. Assaying the water that is shed from the carcasses after washing is a convenient method to determine whether the carcass is contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 or other bacterial pathogens. E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into carcass wash water at various levels and the bacteria were then concentrated by filtration. After collection of bacteria in the filter units, the nylon membranes were cut out and placed in tubes containing growth medium, and the tubes were mixed vigorously to dislodge the bacteria from the membranes. Prior to enrichment, samples were removed for testing by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a direct immunofluorescent filter technique (DIFT). The remaining samples were subjected to 4-h enrichment culturing at 37 degree C, after which aliquots were removed for testing by multiplex PCR, DIFT, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following 4-h enrichment culturing, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in wash water samples initially inoculated with ca. 100, 0.1, and 1 CFU/ml by ELISA, DIFT, and multiplex PCR, respectively. Testing of the wash water using the ELISA and the DIFT can be accomplished in less than 8 h. On the basis of these results, assaying carcass wash water by ELISA, DIFT, or multiplex PCR can be useful for detection of E. coli O157:H7 beef carcass contamination and can potentially be employed to identify carcasses for further processing to inactivate the organism. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Strobaugh, T P AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA, pfratamico@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 934 EP - 938 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Escherichia coli KW - beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Abattoirs KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Food contamination KW - Food processing industry KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+an+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%2C+direct+immunofluorescent+filter+technique%2C+and+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reaction+for+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+seeded+in+beef+carcass+wash+water&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BStrobaugh%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=934&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Food processing industry; Abattoirs; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Polymerase chain reaction; Immunofluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction, quantification, and biological availability of fumonisin B sub(1) incorporated into the Oregon test diet and fed to rainbow trout AN - 17177142; 4479203 AB - The purpose of this study was (i) to determine whether pure fumonisin B sub(1) could be incorporated into, recovered, and detected by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis from the semipurified Oregon test diet (OTD) used in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feeding studies, and (ii) to determine if the incorporated fumonisin B sub(1) was biologically available using the change in free sphingoid bases in liver, kidney, and serum as a mechanism-based biomarker. The results indicate that fumonisin is not easily quantified in the OTD. Recoveries ranged from 12 to 81% of the calculated concentrations based on the fumonisin B sub(1) added to the OTD. However, the fumonisin B sub(1) in the OTD was readily absorbed and biologically active as evidenced by marked increases in free sphinganine in liver, kidney, and serum. The magnitude of the increase in free sphinganine at 100 ppm in the OTD was comparable to that known to be associated with liver toxicity in rats, pigs, and ponies. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Meredith, F I AU - Riley, R T AU - Bacon, C W AU - Williams, DE AU - Carlson, D B AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1034 EP - 1038 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Rainbow trout KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Toxicity tests KW - Mycotoxins KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Liver KW - Fumonisin B1 KW - Toxicology KW - Preservatives KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Extraction%2C+quantification%2C+and+biological+availability+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+incorporated+into+the+Oregon+test+diet+and+fed+to+rainbow+trout&rft.au=Meredith%2C+F+I%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BWilliams%2C+DE%3BCarlson%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1034&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Liver; Toxicity tests; Preservatives; Toxicology; Mycotoxins; Liquid chromatography; Fumonisin B1; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth kinetics of Salmonella isolates in a laboratory medium as affected by isolate and holding temperature AN - 17176950; 4479192 AB - Salmonella isolates were surveyed for their growth kinetics in a laboratory medium for the purpose of identifying isolates suitable for modeling experiments. In addition, the effect of holding stationary phase Salmonella cultures at different temperatures on their subsequent growth kinetics was evaluated for the purpose of developing a protocol to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. In Experiment 1, 16 isolates of Salmonella, 2 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and 14 from broiler operations, were surveyed for their growth kinetics in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 40 degree C. Lag time (P = 0.005) and growth rate (P = 0.022) were affected by identity of the isolate. Lag time ranged from 0.73 to 1.38 h, whereas growth rate ranged from 0.78 to 0.94 log sub(10) CFU/ml/h. Overall, isolate S1 (Salmonella infantis from ATCC) was the fastest growing. In Experiment 2, 4 isolates of Salmonella, 1 from ATCC and 3 from broiler operations, were used to determine whether holding temperature influences subsequent growth kinetics. Salmonella isolates were grown to stationary phase at 37 degree C in BHI and then held for 24 h at 5, 22, or 37 degree C before dilution and reinitiation of growth in BHI at 37 degree C. Holding temperature did not alter or interact with identity of the isolate to alter subsequent growth kinetics. From the latter finding, a protocol was devised in which a dual-flask system is used to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. Similar to the results obtained in Experiment 1, identity of the isolate had only minor effects on growth kinetics in Experiment 2 indicating that all isolates examined were suitable for modeling experiments. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Oscar, T P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 1124 Trigg Hall, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA, toscar@umes-bird.umd.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 964 EP - 968 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - growth kinetics KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17176950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth+kinetics+of+Salmonella+isolates+in+a+laboratory+medium+as+affected+by+isolate+and+holding+temperature&rft.au=Oscar%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expansion of the time-to-turbidity model for proteolytic Clostridium botulinum to include spore numbers AN - 17165415; 4461603 AB - A model was previously developed to predict the time-to-turbidity of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores placed in broths having various pH values, NaCl concentrations and temperatures (Whiting and Call 1993); however, the model had a constant number of spores (10 super(4)). This fixed number of spores limits the use of the model and makes inferences to foods more difficult. New data were collected and fitted to the logistic model. Regression equations were calculated to provide parameter estimates for different combinations of temperature, pH, NaCl concentration and spore number. The predicted mean times-to-turbidity increased with decreasing numbers of spores; at 20 degree C-pH 7.050-1.050% NaCl, for example, the mean time-to-turbidity was 4.053 and 7.051 days for 10 super(4) and 10 super(0) spores per sample, respectively. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Whiting, R C AU - Strobaugh, T P AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 449 EP - 453 PB - Academic Press VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Proteolysis KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Salinity effects KW - Spores KW - pH effects KW - Media (culture) KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17165415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expansion+of+the+time-to-turbidity+model+for+proteolytic+Clostridium+botulinum+to+include+spore+numbers&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BStrobaugh%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Proteolysis; pH effects; Media (culture); Temperature effects; Salinity effects; Spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formulation of mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum AN - 17151451; 4441278 AB - Biomass abundant in chlamydospores obtained by liquid fermentation of mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum was incorporated into alginate prills with various food substrates and granular formulations such as corn flour:starch, wheat flour:kaolin, rice:wheat flour, and rice:wheat gluten formulations. These fungal strains cause vascular wilts in coca (Erythroxylum coca var. coca) and in poppy (Papavar somniferum). Fungal strain, formulation method, and interaction of these two parameters significantly affected the shelf life of the formulations at room temperature as well as the ability to form secondary propagules on 1% water agar. In bioassays, there were no significant differences among F. oxysporum strain EN4-S formulations in their ability to colonize root tissue or the rhizosphere of E. coca seedlings. The study indicates that most of the formulations meet at least three of the four criteria important for biological control agents to be effective: low losses in viability during the formulation process, satisfactory shelf life at room temperature, abundant secondary chlamydospore formation, and rhizosphere colonization. JF - Weed Science AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Lewis, JA AU - Poch, S M AU - Bailey, BA AD - USDA-ARS, Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, BARC-W, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, phebbar@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 501 EP - 507 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - mycoherbicides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Erythroxylum coca KW - Fermentation KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Herbicides KW - Papaver somniferum KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17151451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Formulation+of+mycoherbicidal+strains+of+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Hebbar%2C+K+P%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BLewis%2C+JA%3BPoch%2C+S+M%3BBailey%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erythroxylum coca; Fusarium oxysporum; Papaver somniferum; Biological control; Herbicides; Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CPIDS: a plant parameter selection program for erosion prediction modeling AN - 17143922; 4441117 AB - Newly developed erosion prediction models require detailed input parameters including those describing cropping systems. Each model exhibits a different level of complexity for crop growth modeling, and many plant parameters for these models are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, numerous parameters require interpretation from other measurable plant characteristics. We developed a database containing measurable plant characteristics to supply users of these new erosion prediction technologies with the necessary parameters. The new database supports the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) erosion prediction models. The Crop Parameter Intelligent Database System (CPIDS) was developed to assist crop database builders and users of RUSLE and WEPP in interpretation of plant characteristics and selection of plant parameters. CPIDS is a Microsoft registered Windows super(TM)-based program, currently running on a personal computer (PC) under Windows 3.1 super(TM), Windows 95 super(TM) and Windows NT 4.0 super(TM). JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Deer-Ascough, LA AU - Weesies, G A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Great Plains System Research Unit, 301 S. Howes St., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, ascoughpsr.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 263 EP - 276 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1699, 0168-1699 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Databases KW - Computer programs KW - Plants KW - Forecasting KW - Soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17143922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=CPIDS%3A+a+plant+parameter+selection+program+for+erosion+prediction+modeling&rft.au=Ascough%2C+JC+II%3BDeer-Ascough%2C+LA%3BWeesies%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Ascough&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+and+Electronics+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=01681699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Databases; Plants; Forecasting; Soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting parasitism of gypsy moth egg masses by Ooencyrtus kuvanae AN - 17111705; 4417689 AB - Factors affecting the orientation, reproduction, and sex ratio of the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae Howard were examined. Adult females were attracted to airborne volatiles from the egg mass and accessory gland of the primary host, the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. Visual cues also affected host selection. Background colors against which egg masses were placed affected oviposition preference. In the absence of egg masses, color variation did not affect wasp behavior. Light is required for parasitism by O. kuvanae. The age and density of both the host and parasitoid affected wasp reproduction and sex ratios. Older egg masses issued relatively fewer wasps and higher proportions of males than did young egg masses. Likewise, wasp reproduction and the proportion of females declined with wasp age. Larger egg masses produced more wasps and lower proportions of males than did smaller egg masses. The number of offspring per female, and the proportion of female offspring, were inversely related to wasp density. Implications to biological control of the gypsy moth and parasitoid ecology are discussed. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Hofstetter, R W AU - Raffa, K F AD - USDA, Yakima Agricultural Research Station 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd. Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 123 EP - 135 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Parasitism KW - Eggs KW - Ooencyrtus kuvanae KW - Orientation KW - Sex ratio KW - Host preferences KW - Volatiles KW - Reproduction KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17111705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Endogenous+and+exogenous+factors+affecting+parasitism+of+gypsy+moth+egg+masses+by+Ooencyrtus+kuvanae&rft.au=Hofstetter%2C+R+W%3BRaffa%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Hofstetter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Ooencyrtus kuvanae; Reproduction; Orientation; Parasitism; Host preferences; Volatiles; Eggs; Sex ratio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model comparisons to simulate soil frost depth AN - 17110470; 4422056 AB - The depth and duration of soil freezing have important implications for the hydrology, biology, and chemistry of ecosystems. Four existing soil models capable of simulating subfreezing soil temperatures and frost depth were evaluated for their ability to predict the depth and timing of soil frost at sites in North America. The evaluation was carried out by comparing model simulations with field data collected in Alaska, characterized by a Cryzquept with grass cover, and in Minnesota, characterized by a Haploboroll with corn stubble. The SHAW and SOIL models employ a finite difference solution to assess heat flow in the soil profile. Both models predicted frost depth with reasonable accuracy, at least when the simulated snow depth agreed with the recorded snow depth. The Benoit and Gusev models assess frost depth by balancing heat fluxes within the soil profile. These models generally overpredicted frost depth. The chief advantages of the simpler Benoit and Gusev models are the fewer data requirements and faster execution times compared with the SHAW and SOIL models. The latter two models, however, include provisions to reduce the data requirements by utilizing default data values in the simulation. The greater accuracy attained using the more sophisticated modern computer models may warrant their use for site-specific environmental applications. This study illustrates the difficulty of simulating snow cover, and, therefore, soil frost penetration, accurately. JF - Soil Science AU - Kennedy, I AU - Sharratt, B AD - USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA, bsharrattail.mrsars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 636 EP - 645 VL - 163 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Finite difference methods KW - Frost KW - Soil temperature KW - Model studies KW - Snow cover KW - Soil profile KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17110470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Model+comparisons+to+simulate+soil+frost+depth&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+I%3BSharratt%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Finite difference methods; Frost; Soil temperature; Model studies; Snow cover; Soil profile ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivities using a ceramic cup tensiometer AN - 17110434; 4422055 AB - The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a simple field method to determine unsaturated hydraulic conductivities using measurements of water flux into a tensiometer. The tensiometer consists of a ceramic cup glued to one end of a piece of plastic tubing. A suction is first applied to the inside of the tensiometer, which is closed to the atmosphere. The reduced pressure in the tensiometer causes water to flow into the tensiometer from the soil. As the water flows into the tensiometer, the volume of air in the tensiometer decreases, and pressure increases. The rate of water flow into the tensiometer, water flux, is calculated from the measured pressures using a form of the ideal gas equation. The parameters for the unsaturated conductivity equation are determined by using a two-dimensional finite element soil model (2DSOIL) coupled with a Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm to fit calculated fluxes to measured ones. For comparison purposes, unsaturated hydraulic conductivities were also determined for the same soil within 25-cm-diameter rings from measured water contents and matric potentials during drainage for two locations. Fitted and measured fluxes agreed well. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities obtained from the tensiometer inflow data, however, were much less than unsaturated hydraulic conductivities measured during drainage. We attributed the differences to anisotropy and scale effects although clogging of the tensiometer pores by fine soil material could also be a contributing factor. The method is relatively quick, uses inexpensive materials, provides consistent results and is not limited greatly by the conductivity of the cup. JF - Soil Science AU - Timlin, D AU - Pachepsky, Y AD - USDA-ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bldg. 007, Rm. 008, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Dtimlinsrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 625 EP - 635 VL - 163 IS - 8 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - tensiometer KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Conductivity KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Estimating equations KW - Soil water KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17110434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+conductivities+using+a+ceramic+cup+tensiometer&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D%3BPachepsky%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Permeability coefficient; Conductivity; Hydraulic properties; Estimating equations; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stress measurement upstream of an overfall AN - 17108965; 4411447 AB - A hot-film anemometer was used to obtain hydraulic shear stress measurements on the boundary of a fixed-bed channel. These boundary stresses were measured upstream of an overfall brink for approach flow Froude numbers ranging between 1 and 4. The time-averaged stress was observed to increase as the flow accelerated toward the brink, and the brink stress typically increased as the flow rate and Froude number increased. For a given flow condition, the stress magnitude was a maximum at the brink. This stress decreased to a constant value relatively rapidly with movement away from the brink. The distance required to transition from the peak brink stress to the constant stress value decreased as the Froude number increased. For a Froude number of unity, the brink stress increased by approximately 80% from stress values observed upstream of the overfall. At a Froude number off 4, the brink stress was observed to increase by only 20% above the approach flow stress levels. A relationship was developed and validated that predicts boundary stresses upstream of the overfall brink. These observed variations in stress magnitude are believed to influence gully headcut erosion. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Robinson, K M AU - Cook, K R AD - USDA-ARS Hydraulics Unit, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA, krobg.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1019 EP - 1024 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - gully headcut erosion KW - overfall KW - overfall brink KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Shear stress KW - Hydraulics KW - Stress KW - Freshwater KW - Bottom erosion KW - Flow rates KW - Erosion KW - Channel flow KW - Stream flow rate KW - Froude number KW - Q2 09169:Fluid mechanics KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17108965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Stress+measurement+upstream+of+an+overfall&rft.au=Robinson%2C+K+M%3BCook%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulics; Shear stress; Erosion; Channel flow; Stream flow rate; Froude number; Bottom erosion; Stress; Flow rates; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of soybean lipoxygenase immobilized in cross-linked phyllosilicates AN - 17103652; 4394508 AB - Lipoxygenase (LOX) is an enzyme that regioselectively introduces the hydroperoxide functionality into polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA). Hydroperoxide derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids are of interest because they can serve as important intermediates in the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical compounds. In this study, LOX was immobilized in dispersed phyllosilicate layers that were cross-linked with silicate polymers formed by the hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicates. The effects of substrate concentration, reaction temperature and solvent participation were studied on the oxidation of LA by LOX. The temperature optimum for the oxidation of LA by immobilized LOX was 25 degree C and values of K sub(m) and V sub(max) for this reaction were 1.7 mM and 0.023 mu mol/min respectively. Enzymic activity was stimulated by the addition of 10% (v/v) iso-octane to the reaction mixture. The immobilized LOX preparation showed a degree of substrate preference that demonstrated that 1,3-dilinolein was a better substrate than LA in the oxidation reaction, followed in order by 1-monolinolein, methyl oleate and trilinolein. In general, LOX immobilized in crosslinked phyllosilicates retained the physical and chemical characteristics of free LOX. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Hsu, A-F AU - Shen, S AU - Wu, E AU - Foglia, T A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 55 EP - 59 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - hydroperoxide KW - linoleic acid KW - phyllosilicates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - Lipoxygenase KW - Glycine max KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17103652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+soybean+lipoxygenase+immobilized+in+cross-linked+phyllosilicates&rft.au=Hsu%2C+A-F%3BShen%2C+S%3BWu%2C+E%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=A-F&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Immobilized enzymes; Lipoxygenase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Control with Ground-Based Hydraulic Applications of Gypchek, In Vitro-Produced Virus, and Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 17101109; 4399660 AB - Gypchek, a registered microbial insecticide for aerial and ground-based application against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., was field-tested in 1996 and 1997 at 2 doses (10 super(11) and 10 super(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per 379 liters (100 gallons)) and with and without a sunscreen. An in vitro-produced strain of gypsy moth virus was tested in 1997 at the 10 super(11)-PIB dose; however, the effective dose was lower because in vitro-produced PIBs contained 5-fold fewer virions than Gypchek PIBs. Treatments were applied to overstory oak, Quercus spp., trees with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer. Larval mortality was significantly greater, and larval density was significantly lower, on trees treated with both Gypchek and in vitro-produced virus than on untreated trees. Treatment with in vitro-produced virus resulted in significantly lower mortality and higher larval density than Gypchek treatment. Defoliation was significantly reduced by all treatments in 1996 but not in 1997, when overall gypsy moth population density dropped to very low levels. Mortality was significantly higher among larvae treated at the 10 super(12)-PIB dose in 1996, but there was no significant dose effect on larval density or defoliation. Mortality, density, and defoliation were not dose dependent in the 1997 test. The addition of sunscreen to Gypchek applied at the 10 super(12)-PIB dose did not have a significant effect on any of the measured parameters in 1996 or 1997. In 1996, the addition of an enhancer, Blankophor BBH, to the 10 super(11)-PIB dose increased mortality to a level that was not significantly different from that at the 10 super(12)-PIB dose. The level of control with the 10 super(12)-PIB treatment was not significantly different from that achieved with an application of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner (Foray 48B) at 36 billion international units (BIU) per 379 liters. These results suggest that Gypchek can be used effectively as a ground-based or arborist-applied control agent, and that it may be possible to achieve acceptable levels of foliage protection at a 10 super(11)-PIB dose and without the addition of a sunscreen. It also demonstrates the effectiveness in the field of in vitro-produced gypsy moth virus. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Thorpe, K W AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Slavicek, JM AU - Webb, R E AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 875 EP - 880 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Viruses KW - Insecticides KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Pesticides KW - Gypsy moth virus KW - Inclusion bodies KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Gypsy+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+Control+with+Ground-Based+Hydraulic+Applications+of+Gypchek%2C+In+Vitro-Produced+Virus%2C+and+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+K+W%3BPodgwaite%2C+J+D%3BSlavicek%2C+JM%3BWebb%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Gypsy moth virus; Lymantria dispar; Pesticides; Insecticides; Biological control; Inclusion bodies; Pathogens; Viruses; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Aerobic Microbes from Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), the Vector of Lyme Disease in the Eastern United States AN - 17101090; 4399658 AB - The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Benner is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis Say, a vector of Lyme disease. As a 1st step into investigating the possibility of biocontrol of the tick, we identified the microbiota associated with the ticks. We collected, identified, and determined the sex of ticks from foliage and deer. Seventy-three initial bacterial isolates were recovered from 43 ticks (27 adults and 16 nymphs). The bacteria isolated from nymphs were qualitatively different (mainly gram-negative cocci) from the bacteria isolated from adult ticks (gram-negative and gram-positive rods). To determine long-term viability, these isolates were stored for 6 mo under laboratory conditions. After storage, 63 surviving bacterial isolates were characterized using the Biolog System of identification by substrate utilization. Forty-four isolates were identified to the species level. Our characterization efforts focused on the 40 spore-forming bacteria, which could prove useful in the biocontrol of ticks. Eleven species of Bacillus were identified. Bacillus thuringiensis-B. cereus was the predominant species group isolated. Six isolates from this group formed crystals. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Martin, PAW AU - Schmidtmann, E T AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 864 EP - 868 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Acari KW - USA KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Disease control KW - Vectors KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Aerobic+Microbes+from+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29%2C+the+Vector+of+Lyme+Disease+in+the+Eastern+United+States&rft.au=Martin%2C+PAW%3BSchmidtmann%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=PAW&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; Odocoileus virginianus; Lyme disease; Disease control; Vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the forest hydrology of wetland-upland ecosystems in Florida AN - 17097989; 4403257 AB - Few hydrological models are applicable to pine flatwoods which are a mosaic of pine plantations and cypress swamps. Unique features of this system include ephemeral sheet flow, shallow dynamic ground water table, high rainfall and evapotranspiration, and high infiltration rates. A FLATWOODS model has been developed specifically for the cypress wetland-pine upland landscape by integrating a 2-D ground water model, a Variable-Source-Area (VAS)-based surface flow model, an evapotranspiration (ET) model, and an unsaturated water flow model. The FLATWOODS model utilizes a distributed approach by dividing the entire simulation domain into regular cells. It has the capability to continuously simulate the daily values of ground water table depth, ET, and soil moisture content distributions in a watershed. The model has been calibrated and validated with a 15-year runoff and a four-year ground water table data set from two different pine flatwoods research watersheds in northern Florida. This model may be used for predicting hydrologic impacts of different forest management practices in the coastal regions. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Sun, Ge AU - Riekerk, H AU - Comerford, N B AD - North Carolina State University/USDA Forest Service, 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA, gesunsuper(n)ity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 827 EP - 841 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Florida KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pine trees KW - Mathematical models KW - Water table KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Soil water KW - Ground water KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Groundwater KW - Swamps KW - Hydrologic models KW - Forestry KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17097989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+forest+hydrology+of+wetland-upland+ecosystems+in+Florida&rft.au=Sun%2C+Ge%3BRiekerk%2C+H%3BComerford%2C+N+B&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Ge&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Ground water; Hydrology; Water table; Wetlands; Watersheds; Swamps; Pine trees; Groundwater; Soil water; Forestry; Hydrologic models; USA, Florida; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality impacts from low water fords on military training lands AN - 17096707; 4403265 AB - Water quality impacts from two types of low water stream crossings (LWSC) were examined on the military training lands at Fort Riley, Kansas. The LWSC project was developed to enhance military training as well as improve the water quality of the streams. Water quality impacts of low water fords were quantified and compared to determine the effects of using rock to harden earthen fords. Both earthen and rock hardened low water fords were tested for the impact on stream turbidity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and settleable solids. Results indicate hardening earthen fords with rock can significantly reduce water quality degradation caused by vehicle movement over the ford. Turbidity caused by vehicles crossing earthen and hardened fords was nearly sixteen times higher for earthen fords. Likewise, total solids, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids concentrations were lower for hardened crossings. Total solids concentrations from earthen fords were nearly twelve times higher than concentrations from hardened fords. Hardening earthen fords not only provides the military with a more stable stream crossing for its soldiers to use, it decreases water quality degradation and improves local stream ecology. Recommendations for constructing rock hardened LWSC are given. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Sample, L J AU - Steichen, J AU - Kelley, JR Jr AD - USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 9 West 28th, Suite B, Hutchinson, KS 67502-3453, USA, steichnsu.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 939 EP - 949 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Kansas, Fort Riley KW - fords KW - military training KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Training KW - Low flow KW - Water quality KW - Streams KW - Water quality control KW - Erosion KW - Rocks KW - Military KW - Environment management KW - Turbidity KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17096707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Water+quality+impacts+from+low+water+fords+on+military+training+lands&rft.au=Sample%2C+L+J%3BSteichen%2C+J%3BKelley%2C+JR+Jr&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=939&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Erosion; Training; Military; Water quality; Streams; Environment management; Turbidity; Rocks; Low flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon cycling through wood products: The role of wood and paper products in carbon sequestration AN - 17092405; 4393447 AB - This study provides historical estimates and projections of U.S. carbon sequestered in wood and paper products and compares them to amounts sequestered in U.S. forests. There are large pools of carbon in forests, in wood and paper products in use, and in dumps and landfills. The size of these carbon pools is increasing. Since 1910, an estimated 2.7 Pg (petagrams; x 10 super(9) metric tons) of carbon have accumulated and currently reside in wood and paper products in use and in dumps and landfills, including net imports. This is notable compared with the current inventory of carbon in forest trees (13.8 Pg) and forest soils (24.7 Pg). On a yearly basis, net sequestration of carbon in U.S. wood and paper products (additions including net imports, minus emissions from decay and burning each year) is projected to increase from 61 Tg/year in 1990 to 74 Tg/year by 2040, while net additions (sequestration) in forests is projected to decrease from 274 to 161 Tg/year. Net sequestration is increasing in products and landfills because of an increase in wood consumption and a decrease in decay in landfills compared with phased-out dumps. If the total projected amount of products required is regarded as fixed, the net carbon sequestration in products and landfills can be increased by 1) shifting product mix to a greater proportion of lignin-containing products, which decay less in landfills; 2) increasing product recycling; 3) increasing product use-life; and 4) increasing landfill CH sub(4) burning in place of fossil fuels. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Skog, KE AU - Nicholson, G A AD - Timber Demand and Technology Assessment Research, USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 75 EP - 83 VL - 48 IS - 7-8 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Landfills KW - Carbon cycle KW - Forests KW - Wood KW - Recycling KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17092405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Carbon+cycling+through+wood+products%3A+The+role+of+wood+and+paper+products+in+carbon+sequestration&rft.au=Skog%2C+KE%3BNicholson%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Skog&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon cycle; Wood; Landfills; Historical account; Recycling; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal and Longevity of Mass-Released, Sterilized Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16560628; 4399880 AB - Trap-back experiments using McPhail traps were conducted to study dispersal and longevity of mass-released, sterile Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). The flies were released at 3 ecologically different sites in northern Mexico. Some flies were recaptured up to 9 km from the release point. However, standard distance was estimated using a regression model that indicated 240 m was the typical dispersal distance. The life expectancy of the released flies from the time of release varied from 5 to 10 d. Greatest longevity, up to 22 wk, occurred during the winter months. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Thomas, D B AU - Loera-Gallardo, J AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2301 South International Boulevard, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1045 EP - 1052 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - Sterile-release KW - Dispersal KW - Longevity KW - Tephritidae KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Dispersal+and+Longevity+of+Mass-Released%2C+Sterilized+Mexican+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B%3BLoera-Gallardo%2C+J&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha ludens; Tephritidae; Longevity; Dispersal; Sterile-release ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geostatistical Characterization of the Spatial Distribution of Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Emergence AN - 16560389; 4399862 AB - Geostatistical methods were used to characterize spatial variability in western (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) corn rootworm adult emergence patterns. Semivariograms were calculated for adult emergence density of corn rootworm populations in fields of continuous corn and rotated (corn/soybean) corn. Adult emergence densities were generally greater for northern corn rootworms than for western corn rootworms. The spatial structures of the adult rootworm emergence were aggregated as described by spherical spatial models for western corn rootworm and exponential models for northern corn rootworm. Range of spatial dependence varied from 180 to 550 m for western corn rootworm and 172 to 281 m for northern corn rootworm. Semivariogram models were used to produce contour density maps of adult populations in the fields, based on grid sampling of actual emerging adult populations. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ellsbury, M M AU - Woodson, W D AU - Clay, SA AU - Malo, D AU - Schumacher, J AU - Clay, DE AU - Carlson, C G AD - Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 910 EP - 917 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - maize KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Statistical analysis KW - Population dynamics KW - Glycine max KW - Zea mays KW - Emergence KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Geostatistical+Characterization+of+the+Spatial+Distribution+of+Adult+Corn+Rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+Emergence&rft.au=Ellsbury%2C+M+M%3BWoodson%2C+W+D%3BClay%2C+SA%3BMalo%2C+D%3BSchumacher%2C+J%3BClay%2C+DE%3BCarlson%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Ellsbury&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=910&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Glycine max; Zea mays; Emergence; Spatial distribution; Population dynamics; Statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-Response and Age- and Temperature-Related Susceptibility of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Two Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliaceae) AN - 16560283; 4399876 AB - Two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were used in bioassays against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). One isolate, ARSEF 4543, originated from a diamondback moth larva collected in New York and the other, Mycotech GHA, is the active ingredient in Mycotrol, a product registered for control of insect species belonging to several orders. Dose-response assays of suspended spores sprayed on larvae resulted in similar LD sub(50)s (518 and 614 spores per square centimeter for ARSEF 4543 and Mycotech GHA, respectively) but different slopes for the probit regression lines (0.64 and 0.89). Survival times for larvae inoculated at a range of dosages were variable for ARSEF 4543 but decreased with increasing dosages for Mycotech GHA. Third and 4th instars were more susceptible than 2nd instars, although survival times varied between the 2 isolates for different instars. Larvae inoculated early in the 2nd or 3rd instar had shorter survival times than those inoculated later in each instar. Spores of B. bassiana were readily detected on exuviae from inoculated larvae using fluorescence microscopy, indicating the significance of molting as a means of avoiding infection. The isolates did not differ significantly in their activities over a range of temperatures. Highest mortality and lowest survival times were observed at 25 degree C; mortality decreased and survival time increased at temperatures both above and below 25 degree C. These findings provide baseline information on the susceptibility of P. xylostella to B. bassiana and they indicate the potential utility of a commercial preparation of B. bassiana for use against P. xylostella in the field. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Vandenberg, J D AU - Ramos, M AU - Altre, JA AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1017 EP - 1021 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diamondback moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Plutellidae KW - Pathogenicity KW - Dosage KW - Plutella xylostella KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Dose-Response+and+Age-+and+Temperature-Related+Susceptibility+of+the+Diamondback+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29+to+Two+Isolates+of+Beauveria+bassiana+%28Hyphomycetes%3A+Moniliaceae%29&rft.au=Vandenberg%2C+J+D%3BRamos%2C+M%3BAltre%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Vandenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Plutella xylostella; Plutellidae; Pathogenicity; Dosage; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbivore Adaptations to a Low-Nutrient Food: Weed Biological Control Specialist Spodoptera pectinicornis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed the Floating Aquatic Plant Pistia stratiotes AN - 16560252; 4399872 AB - Performance of the specialist herbivore Spodoptera pectinicornis (Hampson) was studied when fed the floating aquatic plant waterlettuce, Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae). Plants were either collected from 6 populations in southern Florida or from plants grown with low or high fertilizer levels. Consumption of leaves with increasing toughness resulted in increased larval mortality (>80%); most mortality occurred during the first 2 instars. Larvae compensated for low-nitrogen leaves by increasing fresh weight consumption 3-fold. Both developmental time and biomass gain were effected by the source of the plants but these performance parameters were not directly related to either leaf toughness or nitrogen levels. These results are useful in understanding the adaptations and limitations of specialist herbivores to low-nutrient foods. Additionally, they assist in the selection of suitable release sites for this weed biological control agent. Finally, they improve our mass-rearing techniques for augmentative release of this biological control species. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wheeler, G S AU - Van, T K AU - Center, T D AD - Aquatic Weed Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3205 College Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 993 EP - 1000 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Cutworms KW - Lepidoptera KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Weeds KW - Pistia stratiotes KW - Adaptations KW - USA, Florida KW - Herbivory KW - Artificial diets KW - Aquatic plants KW - Nutrition KW - Spodoptera pectinicornis KW - Nutritive value KW - Herbivores KW - Plant control KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Herbivore+Adaptations+to+a+Low-Nutrient+Food%3A+Weed+Biological+Control+Specialist+Spodoptera+pectinicornis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Fed+the+Floating+Aquatic+Plant+Pistia+stratiotes&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+G+S%3BVan%2C+T+K%3BCenter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Weeds; Plant control; Adaptations; Herbivores; Nutritive value; Aquatic plants; Nutrition; Herbivory; Artificial diets; Spodoptera pectinicornis; Pistia stratiotes; Noctuidae; USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest Type Affects Predation on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Pupae in Japan AN - 16559978; 4399856 AB - A compilation of historical defoliation data from Hokkaido, Japan confirms previous reports that plantations of Larix leptolepis Gordon are more susceptible to defoliation by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), than are natural forests dominated by Quercus crispula Thumb. In this study, we compared levels of predation on laboratory-reared pupae deployed at a natural Quercus stand, a plantation of Betula platyphylla Hara, and a plantation of L. leptolepis. Predation was highest in the natural Quercus stand, lowest in the Larix plantation and intermediate in the Betula plantation. Counts of small mammals in traps indicated that populations of Apodemus argenteus, Apodemus speciosus ainu, and Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae were most abundant in the oak forest, least abundant in the Larix plantation, and intermediate in the Betula plantation. We hypothesize that variation in the abundance of small mammals and their predation on gypsy moth pupae during periods of low gypsy-moth densities is a partial cause of the variation among stand types in their susceptibility to defoliation by gypsy moth. We also argue that predation on gypsy moth pupae by small mammals in natural oak forests is more important to gypsy moth dynamics than previously considered and that considerable similarities may exist between gypsy moth dynamics in Japan and North America. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Higashiura, Y AU - Unno, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 858 EP - 862 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Japan KW - Lepidoptera KW - laboratories KW - pupae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predation KW - Forests KW - Defoliation KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16559978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Forest+Type+Affects+Predation+on+Gypsy+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+Pupae+in+Japan&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+AM%3BHigashiura%2C+Y%3BUnno%2C+A&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=858&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Predation; Defoliation; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating cost effectiveness of residential yard trees for improving air quality in Sacramento, California, using existing models AN - 16556540; 4377274 JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Nowak, D J AU - Cardelino, CA AU - Rao, ST AU - Taha, H AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2709 EP - 2711 VL - 32 IS - 14-15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental economics KW - Trees KW - Air pollution control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Estimating+cost+effectiveness+of+residential+yard+trees+for+improving+air+quality+in+Sacramento%2C+California%2C+using+existing+models&rft.au=Nowak%2C+D+J%3BCardelino%2C+CA%3BRao%2C+ST%3BTaha%2C+H&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=14-15&rft.spage=2709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Environmental economics; Air pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: Predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies AN - 16556474; 4376959 AB - Most forests in North America remain nitrogen limited, although recent studies have identified forested areas that exhibit symptoms of N excess, analogous to overfertilization of arable land. Nitrogen excess in watersheds is detrimental because of disruptions in plant/soil nutrient relations, increased soil acidification and aluminum mobility, increased emissions of nitrogenous greenhouse gases from soil, reduced methane consumption in soil, decreased water quality, toxic effects on freshwater biota, and eutrophication of coastal marine waters. Elevated nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)) loss to groundwater or surface waters is the primary symptom of N excess. Additional symptoms include increasing N concentrations and higher N:nutrient ratios in foliage (i.e., N:Mg, N:P), foliar accumulation of amino acids or NO sub(3) super(-), and low soil C:N ratios. Recent nitrogen-fertilization studies in New England and Europe provide preliminary evidence that some forests receiving chronic N inputs may decline in productivity and experience greater mortality. Long-term fertilization at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, suggests that declining and slow N-cycling coniferous stands may be replaced by fast-growing and fast N-cycling deciduous forests. Symptoms of N saturation are particularly severe in high-elevation, nonaggrading spruce-fir ecosystems in the Appalachian Mountains and in eastern hardwood watersheds at the Fernow Experimental Forest near Parsons, West Virginia. In the Los Angeles Air Basin, mixed conifer forests and chaparral watersheds with high smog exposure are N saturated and exhibit the highest streamwater NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations for wildlands in North America. High-elevation alpine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range and a deciduous forest in Ontario, Canada, are N saturated, although N deposition is moderate ( similar to 8 kg/ha/yr). In contrast, the Harvard Forest hardwood stand in Massachusetts has absorbed >900 kg N/ha during 8 yr of N amendment studies without significant NO sub(3) super(-) leaching, illustrating that ecosystems vary widely in the capacity to retain N inputs. Overly mature forests with high N deposition, high soil N stores, and low soil C:N ratios are prone to N saturation and NO sub(3) super(-) leaching. Additional characteristics favoring low N retention capacity include a short growing season (reduced plant N demand) and reduced contact time between drainage water and soil (i.e., porous coarse-textured soils, exposed bedrock or talus). Temporal patterns of hydrologic fluxes interact with biotic uptake and internal cycling patterns in determining ecosystem N retention. Soils are the largest storage pool for N inputs, although vegetation uptake is also important. Recent studies indicate that nitrification may be widespread in undisturbed ecosystems, and that microbial assimilation of NO sub(3) super(-) may be a significant N retention mechanism, contrary to previous assumptions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the sites, forms, and mechanisms of N retention and incorporation into soil organic matter, and to test potential management options for mitigating N losses from forests. Implementation of intensive management practices in N-saturated ecosystems may only be feasible in high-priority areas and on a limited scale. Reduction of N emissions would be a preferable solution, although major reductions in the near future are unlikely in many areas due to economic, energy-use, policy, and demographic considerations. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AU - Aber, J D AU - Baron, J S AU - Bormann, B T AU - Johnson, D W AU - Lemly, AD AU - McNulty, S G AU - Ryan, D F AU - Stottlemyer, R AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 706 EP - 733 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - North America KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Nutrient enrichment KW - Ecosystem management KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+excess+in+North+American+ecosystems%3A+Predisposing+factors%2C+ecosystem+responses%2C+and+management+strategies&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BAber%2C+J+D%3BBaron%2C+J+S%3BBormann%2C+B+T%3BJohnson%2C+D+W%3BLemly%2C+AD%3BMcNulty%2C+S+G%3BRyan%2C+D+F%3BStottlemyer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrient enrichment; Ecosystem management; Watersheds; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lightning, precipitation and vegetation at landscape scale AN - 16555554; 4392700 AB - We investigated the question "Is there a relationship between seasonality in precipitation and vegetative cover in Pole Canyon, NM?" GIS and statistical methods were used to determine the degree of association between either summer or winter precipitation and percent canopy cover for trees, graminoids and total vegetation. Monsoon (summer) precipitation was predicted for the years 1986-1994 from lightning strike and relative humidity data by multiple regression. Winter precipitation, the percent of annual precipitation that occurs during winter, and vegetative cover were derived from the Forest Service Terrestrial Ecosystem Survey. Vegetation and precipitation data were ranked and classified (e.g., high, medium, low) and cross-tabulations were generated to compare the spatial distribution of vegetation classes within each precipitation class. Results indicate that seasonality in precipitation affects the distribution and spatial pattern of vegetation at landscape scales. Winter precipitation is a key factor that influences the distribution and spatial pattern of tree cover. Monsoon precipitation may affect the spatial pattern of graminoid cover where Bouteloua gracilis dominates. Winter precipitation may affect the distribution and spatial pattern of graminoid cover where Festuca arizonica dominates. Some of the unexplained relationships may be due to competition between trees and graminoids for moisture and other limiting factors. The importance of temperature was implicit in the division between summer (monsoon) and winter seasons. Annual precipitation, elevation, topography and edaphic factors probably contributed to the observed relationships. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Potter, DU AU - Gosz, J R AU - Molles, MC Jr AU - Scuderi, LA AD - USDA Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Watershed and Air Management, 517 Gold Ave., S.W., Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 203 EP - 214 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Landscape KW - Geographic information systems KW - Climatic conditions KW - Monsoons KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Lightning%2C+precipitation+and+vegetation+at+landscape+scale&rft.au=Potter%2C+DU%3BGosz%2C+J+R%3BMolles%2C+MC+Jr%3BScuderi%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=DU&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monsoons; Climatic conditions; Geographic information systems; Vegetation patterns; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land cover along an urban-rural gradient: Implications for water quality AN - 16555227; 4376952 AB - Development pressures in rural mountainous areas of the United States hold crucial implications for water quality. Especially important are changes in the extent and pattern of various land uses. We examine how position along an urban-rural gradient affects landscape patterns in a southern Appalachian watershed, first by testing for the effect of distance from an urban center on land-cover change probabilities and then simulating the implied development of a landscape at regular distance intervals. By simulating a common hypothetical landscape we control for variable landscape conditions and define how land development might proceed in the future. Results indicate that position along the urban-rural gradient has a significant effect on land-cover changes on private lands but not on public lands. Furthermore, position along the gradient has a compounding effect on land-cover changes through interactions with other variables such as slope. Simulation results indicate that these differences in land-cover changes would give rise to unique "landscape signatures" along the urban-rural gradient. By examining a development sequence, we identify patterns of change that may be most significant for water quality. Two locations along the urban-rural gradient may hold disproportionate influence over water quality in the future: (1) at the most remote portion of the landscape and (2) at the outer envelope of urban expansion. These findings demonstrate how landscape simulation approaches can be used to identify where and how land use decisions may have critical influence over environmental quality, thereby focusing both future research and monitoring efforts and watershed protection measures. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Wear, D N AU - Turner, M G AU - Naiman, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 619 EP - 630 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Mountains KW - decision making KW - Land use KW - Environmental protection KW - Water quality control KW - Rural environments KW - Monitoring KW - Models KW - Vegetation cover KW - Watershed management KW - River basin management KW - Urban areas KW - Urban environments KW - Simulation KW - Decision making KW - Rural areas KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Land+cover+along+an+urban-rural+gradient%3A+Implications+for+water+quality&rft.au=Wear%2C+D+N%3BTurner%2C+M+G%3BNaiman%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Mountains; Vegetation cover; Simulation; Monitoring; Water quality; Watersheds; River basin management; Environmental protection; Land use; Models; Decision making; Rural environments; Urban environments; Rural areas; decision making; Urban areas; Watershed management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and identification of female sex pheromone and development of a sex attractant for Lacanobia subjuncta AN - 16549136; 4375466 AB - Extracts of terminal abdominal segments of female Lacanobia subjuncta contained (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.02. (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenal were most effective as a lure for trapping males when loaded in rubber septa at ratios near 3:1, respectively. The complete three-component blend was most effective as a lure for trapping males when loaded in rubber septa at a ratio of 3:1:0.08 for the acetate, aldehyde, and alcohol, respectively. In a comparison of doses of this three-component blend, greatest numbers of males were captured with 6.1 mg per rubber septum. These components, when loaded with an optimum ratio of components and suitable dose, should provide a useful lure for trapping Lacanobia subjuncta in agroecosystems, permitting monitoring of distribution, emergence, and flight periods. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Smithhisler, CL AD - USDA, ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1369 EP - 1379 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - (Z)-11-Hexadecenal KW - (Z)-11-Hexadecenol KW - (Z)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate KW - Cutworms KW - Dagger moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Owlet moths KW - Underwings KW - chemical analysis KW - females KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Noctuidae KW - Lacanobia subjuncta KW - Sex pheromone KW - Attraction KW - Attractancy KW - Pheromone traps KW - Monitoring KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16549136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+identification+of+female+sex+pheromone+and+development+of+a+sex+attractant+for+Lacanobia+subjuncta&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BSmithhisler%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lacanobia subjuncta; Noctuidae; Attractancy; Sex pheromone; Pheromone traps; Attraction; Monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of alternative soil management practices of N sub(2)O emissions from US agriculture AN - 16493659; 4354495 AB - Although agricultural soil management is the predominant anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) to the atmosphere, little is known about the effects of alternative soil management practices on N sub(2)O emissions. In this study the NGAS model of Parton et al. (1996), coupled with a N and C cycling model, was used to simulate annual N sub(2)O emissions from 2639 cropland sites in the US using both no-till and conventional tillage management scenarios. The N sub(2)O mitigation potential of returning marginal cropland to perennial grass was also evaluated by comparing simulated N sub(2)O emissions from 306 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grassland sites with emissions from nearby cropland sites. Extensive soil and land use data for each site was obtained from the Natural Resource Inventory (NRI) database and weather data was obtained from NASA. The initial conversion of agricultural land to no-till showed greater N sub(2)O emissions per hectare than conventional tillage. Differences between the two tillage scenarios were strongly regional and suggest that conversion of conventionally tilled soil to no-till may have a greater effect on N sub(2)O emissions in drier regions. About 80% of the total emissions were from the Great plains and central regions mainly due to their large cultivated area. Croplands producing soy, wheat, and corn were responsible for about 68% of the total emissions with rice, cotton, and vegetable croplands having the greatest N sub(2)O flux (6.5-8.4 kg N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1) year super(-1)) under either scenario. Model simulations estimate that the agricultural lands in the US produce 448 Gg N sub(2)O-N year super(-1) under a conventional tillage scenario and 478 Gg N sub(2)O-N year super(-1) under a no-till scenario. Model estimates also suggest that the conversion of 10.5 million hectares of cropland to grassland has a N sub(2)O mitigation potential of 31 Gg N sub(2)O-N year super(-1), (8.4 Tg carbon equivalents year super(-1)). This value is similar in magnitude to many of the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-reduction strategies currently being considered to help meet US GHG reduction goals. Thus the GHG mitigation potential of this conversion is substantial and may be a viable strategy to help meet GHG reduction goals.. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Mummey, D L AU - Smith, J L AU - Bluhm, G AD - USDA - Agricultural Research Service and National Resource Conservation Service, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA, jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16493659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+alternative+soil+management+practices+of+N+sub%282%29O+emissions+from+US+agriculture&rft.au=Mummey%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+L%3BBluhm%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mummey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Budgets of non-nitrogen nutrients in a high fertility pasture system AN - 16493400; 4354491 AB - Concentrations and transport of non-nitrogen nutrients in surface runoff and subsurface flow were determined under a high fertility pasture system during a multi-year study. Most studies of nutrient loss from grasslands have focused solely or primarily on nitrogen. Nevertheless, maintaining a proper balance of other nutrients is important to healthy plant growth, avoidance of toxicity problems from improper nutrient balances, and reduction of potential water quality problems. Rotationally grazed grass pastures received 224 kg N/ha annually as NH sub(4)NO sub(3) for a 5-year period and had a legume interseeded into the grasses to be the N source during the following 8-year period. Part of the pastures were grazed during the summer only. The other pastures were used in the winter months with cattle eating fall regrowth and the hay made on that area during the summer. Topsoil pH of 6.5-7.0 and available P and K levels of 56 and 336 kg/ha, respectively, were maintained by soil amendments. Concentrations of P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, and TOC were measured in surface runoff collected from small watersheds with automated samplers and in water from springs draining each area. Nutrient concentrations in both surface runoff and subsurface flow were strongly influenced by the amounts of fertilizer and lime applied. The majority of P and K were transported via surface runoff. The concentrations and transport of P and K were greater during the 8-year period because of increased rates of application of these fertilizers. Nutrient concentrations in subsurface flow did not vary greatly on a monthly basis but there were some increases during the span of the study. Concentrations of K and Na changed very little; Mg increased slightly; and Ca and Cl had large increases during the 13 years. Increased rates of KCl application during the 8-year period was a primary cause for the increased Cl concentrations in the shallow groundwater. Concentrations and transport of non-nitrogen nutrients from a pasture system were little influenced by the summer vs. winter management of this study or the change in N source from fertilizer to legumes. The application of non-nitrogen fertilizers and lime was the major factor of influence. In a pasture system where balances are maintained, the possibility of detrimental environmental impacts from nonnitrogen nutrients is low. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Owens, L B AU - Van Keuren, RW AU - Edwards, WM AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Exp. Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, naew@coshocton.com Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 7 EP - 18 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16493400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Budgets+of+non-nitrogen+nutrients+in+a+high+fertility+pasture+system&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BVan+Keuren%2C+RW%3BEdwards%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the hydrologic impacts of forest harvesting on Florida flatwoods AN - 16464927; 4403258 AB - The great temporal and spatial variability of pine flatwoods hydrology suggests traditional short-term field methods may not be effective in evaluating the hydrologic effects of forest management. The FLATWOODS model was developed, calibrated and validated specifically for the cypress wetland-pine upland landscape. The model was applied to two typical flatwoods sites in north central Florida. Three harvesting treatments (Wetland Harvesting, Wetland + Upland Harvesting, and Control) under three typical climatic conditions (dry, wet, and normal precipitation years) were simulated to study the potential first-year effects of common forest harvesting activities on flatwoods. Long-term (15 years) simulation was conducted to evaluate the hydrologic impacts at different stages of stand rotation. This simulation study concludes that forest harvesting has substantial effects on hydrology during dry periods and clear cutting of both wetlands and uplands has greater influence on the water regimes than partial harvesting. Compared to hilly regions, forest harvesting in the Florida coastal plains has less impact on water yield. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Sun, Ge AU - Riekerk, H AU - Comerford, N B AD - North Carolina State University/USDA Forest Service, 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA, gesun@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 843 EP - 854 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Florida KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16464927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+hydrologic+impacts+of+forest+harvesting+on+Florida+flatwoods&rft.au=Sun%2C+Ge%3BRiekerk%2C+H%3BComerford%2C+N+B&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Ge&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of surface treatment on surface sealing, runoff, and interrill erosion AN - 16463968; 4411443 AB - Surface treatment influences the nature and extent of seal/crust formation, which affects runoff and erosion. This study evaluated the effects and longevity of soil amendments, tillage, and screen cover on runoff and interrill erosion on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) under natural rainfall conditions. Six field plots (3.5 x 0.9 m) with a slope of 0.06-m m super(-1) were used in the study. Three treatments (control, screen cover, crust-breaking shallow tillage) were studied in duplicate in the first two-month period, and another three (control, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), and phosphogypsum) in a subsequent five-month period. Total runoff and soil loss were 69, 61, and 47 mm and 5.3, 1.6, and 4.3 Mg ha super(-1) for the control, screen cover, and tillage treatments, respectively. Compared with control, screen cover reduced soil loss significantly but not runoff, while tillage reduced runoff more than soil loss. Total runoff and soil loss for the control, gypsum, and PAM treatments were 146, 48, and 81 mm and 3.1, 2.6, and 2.5 Mg ha super(-1), respectively. Runoff was reduced by 67% and 44% for the gypsum and PAM relative to control and soil loss by 16% and 19%, showing gypsum and PAM were more effective in reducing runoff than soil loss. Runoff was significantly reduced in the gypsum and PAM treatments in the five months following surface application. Results showed screen cover and tillage temporally reduced or delayed seal/crust formation, while the effects of gypsum and PAM were more persistent. Combined with earlier findings, it appears that a combination of physical and chemical treatments is the best practice for controlling surface sealing and reducing runoff and erosion on this soil. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhang, X C AU - Miller, W P AU - Nearing, MA AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 Soil Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, zhangxun@ecn.purdue.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 989 EP - 994 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16463968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effects+of+surface+treatment+on+surface+sealing%2C+runoff%2C+and+interrill+erosion&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BMiller%2C+W+P%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of soil texture, bulk density, and slope of the water retention curve to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity AN - 16463205; 4411442 AB - With advances in computer software and hardware, mathematical subsurface flow models are routinely being used for many field applications. The application of the subsurface models depends on the availability of accurate input parameters describing the hydraulic properties of the soil, especially the soil matrix saturated hydraulic conductivity. Saturated hydraulic conductivity can be measured directly which is very costly and time consuming, or estimated indirectly from more easily measured data such as soil texture, the most readily available soil property in the United States. This study grouped more than 900 saturated hydraulic conductivities for the soil matrix according to the USDA soil texture classes and two porosity classes. The geometric mean and a variability measure are reported. Comparing these values with previously published values indicates that the new data yield higher values for the heavy textured (clay) soils. Also, values for the fine sand classes which were not previously available are reported. A redefined version of the Kozeny-Carman saturated hydraulic conductivity equation based on effective porosity and the slope of the water retention curve is presented for estimating the saturated hydraulic conductivity for the soil matrix. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rawls, W J AU - Gimenez, D AU - Grossman, R AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrology Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104 BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, wrawls@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 983 EP - 988 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16463205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Use+of+soil+texture%2C+bulk+density%2C+and+slope+of+the+water+retention+curve+to+predict+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BGimenez%2C+D%3BGrossman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=983&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point transect estimates of residue cover or crop canopy in rows AN - 16461102; 4411445 AB - Linear, evenly spaced point transects are typically used to measure percent of the soil surface covered by crop residue or canopy. As few as five 100-point count transects provide relatively precise measures of uniformly distributed cover, but such transects can provide very poor precision if used to measure cover lying in parallel rows. Highly variable counts can be expected if the target occupies evenly spaced parallel stripes with alternating high (80% or more) and low (20% or less) cover. Precise means (S.D. < 5%) of cover on striped surfaces can be obtained with equally spaced point transects if both point spacing and transect angle relative to tillage or planting rows are custom-selected for each row spacing. However, no single equal point spacing or transect angle will provide precise cover estimates at all planter and tillage tool row spacings used in agricultural fields. It is hypothesized that nonuniform point spacings will allow estimates of cover that are independent of transect angle on striped surfaces. The hypothesis was tested using the variance in counts of intersections between the point distributions and regularly striped geometric patterns. The standard deviation of intersection counts from randomly spaced point transects ranged between 5 and 10% cover, but was independent of transect angle and row spacing. A sinewave-like point spacing also produced cover estimates that were independent of transect angle and row spacing. The advantages of a sinewave pattern are the following: it is unique in contrast to the large number of possible random spacings, it can be used on any row spacing, and it usually provides a lower standard deviation than that obtained from randomly spaced points. The sinewave pattern shares with evenly spaced points the disadvantage that non-random points do not meet the strict requirements for statistical sampling. Randomly spaced point transects are recommended for percent cover estimates on fields with visible striping. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rickman, R W AU - Waldman, SE AU - Morrison, JE Jr AU - McCool, D K AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA, ronald.rickman@orst.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1005 EP - 1010 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16461102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Point+transect+estimates+of+residue+cover+or+crop+canopy+in+rows&rft.au=Rickman%2C+R+W%3BWaldman%2C+SE%3BMorrison%2C+JE+Jr%3BMcCool%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Rickman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tension infiltrometer contact interface evaluation by use of a potassium iodide tracer AN - 16460324; 4411444 AB - Tension infiltrometer (disc permeameter) measurements may be adversely affected by small variations in experimental procedures. Published tension infiltrometer procedures are not adequate for all tension infiltrometer studies. A potassium iodide solution was infiltrated through tension infiltrometers into packed soil columns in PVC tubing to evaluate the effect of permeameter contact variations at the silica sand/membrane interface. Packed columns minimized the effects of macropores, soil type variability, and layering, allowing improved setup procedures to be developed. The spatial distribution of the potassium iodide solution on horizontal cross-sections of the column, at the surface, and various depths, was examined using a starch and bleach technique which forms a blue-black potassium iodide-starch-bleach complex. The dye staining technique allowed assessment of the causes of variability. Tension infiltrometer setup procedures were developed which resulted in reproducible tension infiltration curves and patterns as indicated by a potassium iodide tracer (during the initial 10-min phase). Despite using improved permeameter setup procedures there was non-uniform wetting and infiltration of packed columns of a sandy loam soil and a sandy clay loam soil at tensions of 0.6 kPa and 1.2 kPa, respectively. This was attributed to non-uniform wetting of the contact silica sand at the membrane interface. Assumptions that the flux through the silica sand compensates for imperfect membrane contact may not be justified. The developed procedures will aid other researchers using tension infiltrometers to decrease variability between replicates. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Close, K R AU - Frasier, G AU - Dunn, G H AU - Loftis, J C AD - USDA-ARS, 1701 Center Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80526, USA, gfrasier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 995 EP - 1004 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16460324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Tension+infiltrometer+contact+interface+evaluation+by+use+of+a+potassium+iodide+tracer&rft.au=Close%2C+K+R%3BFrasier%2C+G%3BDunn%2C+G+H%3BLoftis%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovering Surface Temperature and Emissivity from Thermal Infrared Multispectral Data AN - 16458073; 4366497 AB - In 1992 Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data were acquired from the NASA C-130 aircraft over the Sahelian region of West Africa as part of the Hydrological and Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sahel (HAPEX). TIMS measures the radiation from the surface modified by the atmosphere in six channels located between 8 mm and 12.5 mu m in the thermal infrared. By using a variety of techniques it is possible to extract both the surface temperature and surface emissivity from the areas over which TIMS data were acquired. One such technique was tested with the data acquired during this experiment. Several TIMS images of both the east and west central sites on 2 and 4 September were processed, and the spectral behavior of different land cover types were determined. These included tiger bush, millet, and fallow grassland sites. There was a 5-10 K difference in the brightness temperature over the six channels when significant bare soil was visible. Channels 1-3 (8.2-9.4 mu m) were cooler than the longer wavelength channels (9.6-12.5 mu m), which is characteristic of soils rich in quartz. These differences in brightness were converted to emissivity differences using the max-min difference (MMD) method. This method relies on an empirical relationship observed between the range of emissivities and the minimum value for the six TIMS channels. The MMD method was applied iteratively to several entire scenes for the east central site on the two days with the interesting results that Channel 5 showed very little spatial variation in emissivity and the short wavelength channels observed substantial regions with emissivities of about 0.8 or less. There is excellent reproducibility when the same area is seen in different lines on the same day. However, there are differences when the same area is seen on the two days especially for the low emissivity values. Some of these differences may be due to soil moisture differences of 2-3%, which were observed for the two days. The observed surface temperatures were in good agreement with other measures, for example, vegetation temperatures agreed well with the measured air temperatures. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Schmugge, T AU - Hook, S J AU - Coll, C AD - USDA/ARS Hydrology Lab., Bldg. 007, BARC, West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, schmugge@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 121 EP - 131 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Africa, Sahelian region KW - HAPEX KW - TIMS KW - emissivity KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16458073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Recovering+Surface+Temperature+and+Emissivity+from+Thermal+Infrared+Multispectral+Data&rft.au=Schmugge%2C+T%3BHook%2C+S+J%3BColl%2C+C&rft.aulast=Schmugge&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromosome doubling and mode of reproduction of induced tetraploids of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) AN - 17516578; 4703747 AB - Eastern gamagrass, (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) is a perennial, warm-season grass that is being developed as a forage plant. Shoots were derived from callus initiated from immature embryos and immature inflorescences of diploid (2n=2x=36) gynomonoecious eastern gamagrass. These shoots were induced to microtiller in the presence of 3 mg/l benzyladenine. Amiprophosmethyl (10, 15, or 20 mu m) was applied to 27 microtillers for 3-5 days to induce chromosome doubling. All 14 surviving plants were tetraploid, (2n=4x=72), as determined by flow cytometry or chromosome counts. These plants were morphologically normal and produced seed. Test crosses were made with a known diploid. Flow cytometry and chromosome counts showed that the progeny were triploid, proving that the induced tetraploids reproduce sexually. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Salon, PR AU - Earle, ED AD - USDA NRCS Big Flats Plant Materials Center RD1, Box 360A Rt 352, Corning, NY 14830, USA Y1 - 1998/07/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 30 SP - 881 EP - 885 VL - 17 IS - 11 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - Plant breeding KW - Chromosome number KW - Tripsacum dactyloides KW - Tetraploidy KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17516578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Chromosome+doubling+and+mode+of+reproduction+of+induced+tetraploids+of+eastern+gamagrass+%28Tripsacum+dactyloides+L.%29&rft.au=Salon%2C+PR%3BEarle%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Salon&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1998-07-30&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990050502 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tripsacum dactyloides; Shoots; Plant breeding; Chromosome number; Tetraploidy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050502 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gap-phase regeneration in longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems AN - 16375786; 4293692 AB - Naturally regenerated seedlings of longleaf pine are typically observed to cluster in the center of tree fall canopy gaps and be encircled by a wide zone from which they are generally excluded. Twelve representative canopy gaps distributed across 600 ha of a naturally regenerated uneven-aged longleaf pine forest in the sandhills of north-central Florida were examined to determine which aboveground and belowground factors are responsible for development of this seedling exclusionary zone. Within 12 m of adult trees growing along the gap edge, significantly fewer longleaf pine seedlings were present. The canopy of overstory trees, however, extended only 4-5 m into the gap. The relatively open structure of the longleaf pine canopy (57% cover) allowed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to be evenly distributed upon the forest floor across each canopy gap. Thus, light availability was not related to pine seedling clustering near gap centers. Significantly greater forest litter mass beneath adult trees (5 Mg ha -1 ) could result in fires more intense than would be supported by the litter mass near gap centers (2.5 Mg ha -1 ). However, litter mass was significantly elevated only within 4 m of the gap edge. The fine root biomass within 12 m of the gap edge (3-4.5 Mg ha -1 ) was two to six times that measured near the gap center and most closely coincided with the width of the seedling exclusionary zone along the margin of each gap. Thus, while the canopy of adjacent adult trees may indirectly influence seedling mortality through deposition of needle litter and greater fire intensity within 4 m of the gap edge, the root systems of these adults also appear to directly compete with seedlings within 12-16 m of the gap edge for limited site resources. To effectively regenerate and sustain longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems, caution should be used in prescribing single-tree selection harvest methods so as not to create gap openings so small (<30 m diameter) that intraspecific competition from adult trees totally excludes seedlings. Group selection methods may prove more effective in creating canopy gaps of sizes suitable ( greater than or equal to 40 m diameter) for ensuring that intraspecific competition from adults is maintained at a level which allows for survival and growth of seedlings. Shelterwood and deferment methods may also prove useful where more open canopy conditions are desired. However, the pine seedlings' need for light cannot be used as an appropriate rationale for application of clearcutting methods. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - W Outcalt, K AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2205 Columbia Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 1998/07/27/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 27 SP - 125 EP - 139 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 106 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Longleaf pine KW - USA, Florida KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16375786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Gap-phase+regeneration+in+longleaf+pine+wiregrass+ecosystems&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G%3BW+Outcalt%2C+K&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-07-27&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a novel adenylate cyclase in the ruminal anaerobe, Prevotella ruminicola D31d AN - 16545876; 4385186 AB - Our previous evaluation of ruminal and other anaerobic bacteria showed only Prevotella ruminicola D31d produced detectable concentrations of cyclic AMP. In order to investigate the synthesis of this important metabolic regulator, the gene for adenylate cyclase (cya), which produces cyclic AMP, was cloned and expressed in a cyaA mutant of Escherichia coli. The cloned P. ruminicola D31d gene was able to complement the cyaA mutation and permitted fermentation of lactose on MacConkey Lactose agar plates. Analysis of the DNA sequence of the 2.5-kilobase pair insert revealed an open reading frame encoding for a 67-kDa protein. This protein was novel in that no amino acid similarity was observed with other procaryotic or eucaryotic adenylate cyclases in the GenBank database. Production of cyclic AMP in the E. coli clone was confirmed with a radioimmunoassay technique. This is the first example of an adenylate cyclase gene identified from an anaerobic bacterium. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Wheeler, M B AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/07/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 15 SP - 257 EP - 260 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 164 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rumen microorganisms KW - Prevotella ruminicola KW - Adenylate cyclase KW - Anaerobic bacteria KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16545876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+novel+adenylate+cyclase+in+the+ruminal+anaerobe%2C+Prevotella+ruminicola+D31d&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BWheeler%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-07-15&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prevotella ruminicola; Anaerobic bacteria; Rumen microorganisms; Adenylate cyclase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areawide management of the cotton boll weevil: use of a spatio-temporal model in augmentative biological control AN - 16549348; 4375649 AB - Recent advances in computer technology have facilitated the development of spatio-temporal models for simulation of ecological systems. The explicit modeling of space allows scientists to investigate the effects of spatial arrangements and heterogeneities, as well as temporal changes, in model systems. We describe an example of a host-parasitoid spatio-temporal model, consisting of integrodifference equations, which model both biological processes and population dispersal. Our model ecosystem consists of the host, boll weevil, (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and its exotic parasitoid, Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). We use the model to explore different strategies in the augmentative biological control of the host by simulating different release methods (single or multiple sites, aerial release), and the effects of wind and heterogeneities in host density on efficacy of the parasitoid. Our preliminary simulations indicate greater host suppression when the parasitoid is released over multiple sites, or aerially, despite identical release rates. The methods used to simulate wind effects resulted in plausible dispersal and parasitization patterns, but the inclusion of heterogeneities in host densities resulted in perhaps non-intuitive parasitization patterns, likely due to boundary effects. Data are being collected currently for calibration and validation of this model. With further development, this spatial model should be useful in designing optimal strategies for the augmentative release of C. grandis against the boll weevil as part of an areawide integrated pest management program. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Legaspi, BC Jr AU - Allen, J C AU - Brewster, C C AU - Morales-Ramos, JA AU - King, E G AD - Beneficial Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 2413 East Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, blegaspi@pop.tamu.edu Y1 - 1998/07/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 11 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Beetles KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Snout beetles KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Models KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Coleoptera KW - Pest control KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Parasitoids KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16549348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Areawide+management+of+the+cotton+boll+weevil%3A+use+of+a+spatio-temporal+model+in+augmentative+biological+control&rft.au=Legaspi%2C+BC+Jr%3BAllen%2C+J+C%3BBrewster%2C+C+C%3BMorales-Ramos%2C+JA%3BKing%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Legaspi&rft.aufirst=BC&rft.date=1998-07-11&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis; Catolaccus grandis; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Biological control; Parasitoids; Models; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating transport of chemicals from soil to ponding water AN - 16555468; 4376015 AB - We simulate the accumulation of a chemical transported from soil to ponding water. We consider one-dimensional convective-diffusive solute transport in water and soil. The results are compared with those of models which simulate an instantaneous mixing in the surface water layer and the surface solute flux dependent on the difference in solute concentrations between soil and water. Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms is used to obtain the simulation results for all models. Results of this work show that the relative effect of diffusion on the accumulation of a solute in ponding water may be significant at infiltration rates that are not uncommon in agriculture practice. The results also imply that locations with low infiltration rates within fields may have a large effect on the overland accumulation of chemicals. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Mironenko, E V AU - Pachepsky, YaA AD - USDA-ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Laboratory, Bldg. 007 Rm. 008, Barc West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepskysrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/07/10/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 10 SP - 53 EP - 61 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - agricultural practices KW - Surface water KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Freshwater KW - Ponds KW - Solutes KW - Agricultural practices KW - Hydrology KW - Diffusion KW - Chemical pollution KW - Laplace equation KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Simulation KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pollution surveys KW - Ponding KW - Infiltration rate KW - Infiltration KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Estimating+transport+of+chemicals+from+soil+to+ponding+water&rft.au=Mironenko%2C+E+V%3BPachepsky%2C+YaA&rft.aulast=Mironenko&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-07-10&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Surface water; Pollution dispersion; Simulation; Pollution surveys; Ponds; Solutes; Hydrology; Diffusion; Chemical pollution; Agricultural runoff; Laplace equation; Freshwater pollution; agricultural practices; Agrochemicals; Infiltration; Ponding; Agricultural chemicals; Agricultural practices; Infiltration rate; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rates of nitrogen mineralization across an elevation and vegetation gradient in the southern Appalachians AN - 17267987; 4533718 AB - We measured nitrogen (N) transformation rates for six years to examine temporal variation across the vegetation and elevation gradient that exists within the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. Net N mineralization and nitrification rates were measured using 28-day in situ closed core incubations. Incubations were conducted at various intervals, ranging from monthly during the growing season, to seasonally based on vegetation phenology. Vegetation types included oak-pine, cove hardwoods, low elevation mixed oak, high elevation mixed oak, and northern hardwoods. Elevations ranged from 782 to 1347 m. Nitrogen transformation rates varied with vegetation type. Mineralization rates were lowest in the oak-pine and mixed oak sites averaging <1.2 mg N kg soil super(-1) 28 day super(-1). Rates in the cove hardwood site were greater than all other low elevation sites with an annual average of 3.8 mg N kg soil super(-1) 28 day super(-1). Nitrogen mineralization was greatest in the northern hardwood site averaging 13 mg N kg soil super(-1) 28 day super(-1). Nitrification rates were typically low on four sites with rates <0.5 mg N kg soil super(-1) 28 day super(-1). However, the annual average nitrification rate of the northern hardwood site was 6 mg N kg soil super(-1) 28 days super(-1). Strong seasonal trends in N mineralization were observed. Highest rates occurred in spring and summer with negligible activity in winter. Seasonal trends in nitrification were statistically significant only in the northern hardwood site. Nitrogen mineralization was significantly different among sites on the vegetation and elevation gradient. While N mineralization rates were greatest at the high elevation site, vegetation type appears to be the controlling factor. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Knoepp, J D AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto, NC 28763, USA, jknoepp@sparc.ecology.uga.edu Y1 - 1998/07/02/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 02 SP - 235 EP - 241 VL - 204 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - USA, North Carolina KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation changes KW - Nitrification KW - Gradients KW - Mineralization KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17267987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Rates+of+nitrogen+mineralization+across+an+elevation+and+vegetation+gradient+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Knoepp%2C+J+D%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Knoepp&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-02&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrification; Vegetation changes; Mineralization; Gradients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viability of litter-stored Pinus taeda L. seeds after simulated prescribed winter burns AN - 918035772; 13669944 AB - Stratified loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were placed at three depths in a reconstructed forest floor and subjected to simulated prescribed winter burns. Within the forest floor, pine seeds were placed at the L/upper-F interface, upper-F/lower-F interface, and lower-F/mineral-soil interface. Wind was generated by electric box-fans. Seeds that survived the burns were transferred to moist sand flats for 30-day germination tests. About 96% of seeds placed at the two upper layers in the forest floor were either destroyed by the fires or failed to germinate. Germinative capacity of seeds placed at the lower-F/mineral-soil interface averaged 79% as compared to 97% for unburned control seeds. JF - New Forests AU - Cain, MichaeL D AU - Shelton, Michael G AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, 71656, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4286, 0169-4286 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - winter KW - Sand KW - Pinus taeda KW - forest floor KW - Forests KW - germination KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918035772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Forests&rft.atitle=Viability+of+litter-stored+Pinus+taeda+L.+seeds+after+simulated+prescribed+winter+burns&rft.au=Cain%2C+MichaeL+D%3BShelton%2C+Michael+G&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=MichaeL&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Forests&rft.issn=01694286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006595319065 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Fires; winter; Sand; forest floor; Forests; germination; Pinus taeda DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006595319065 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Central venous catheters versus peripheral veins for sampling blood levels of commonly used drugs. AN - 85267962; pmid-9661125 AB - BACKGROUND: Our objective was to compare the accuracy of drug levels in blood samples obtained from central venous catheters with those from peripheral blood samples taken to monitor various drug levels. METHODS: Pediatric patients with central venous catheters receiving aminoglycosides, vancomycin, or cyclosporine had central and peripheral blood samples obtained within 5 minutes of each other and analyzed simultaneously. We ascertained how well blood levels from central venous catheters compared with those from peripheral blood (the criterion standard). RESULTS: There were no clinically significant differences between central and peripheral values for amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and vancomycin (both peaks and troughs). Preliminary data indicated that oral cyclosporine can be monitored via central venous catheter. In contrast, there was poor agreement between peripheral and central values when cyclosporine was administered by IV. CONCLUSIONS: Amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, vancomycin, and probably oral cyclosporine can be monitored accurately via central venous catheter. In contrast, IV cyclosporine should be monitored via peripheral blood. JF - JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition AU - Shulman, R J AU - Ou C AU - Reed, T AU - Gardner, P AD - US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics; Houston, TX, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 234 EP - 237 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0148-6071, 0148-6071 KW - Comparative Study KW - Cyclosporine KW - Human KW - Drug Monitoring KW - Blood Specimen Collection KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Vancomycin KW - Aminoglycosides KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Catheterization, Central Venous KW - Veins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85267962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JPEN.+Journal+of+Parenteral+and+Enteral+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Central+venous+catheters+versus+peripheral+veins+for+sampling+blood+levels+of+commonly+used+drugs.&rft.au=Shulman%2C+R+J%3BOu+C%3BReed%2C+T%3BGardner%2C+P&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JPEN.+Journal+of+Parenteral+and+Enteral+Nutrition&rft.issn=01486071&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies that ruminal bacteria use to handle excess carbohydrate. AN - 80049453; 9690652 AB - When ruminal bacteria have insufficient nitrogen and other nutrients, excess carbohydrate can be toxic. Pure cultures that are nitrogen-limited can convert only some of the excess carbohydrate to intracellular polysaccharide, but this pool can be quickly saturated. Fibrobacter succinogenes cultures that have excess cellobiose secrete glucose and cellotriose into the culture medium, and Prevotella ruminicola produces methylglyoxal, a highly toxic substance that causes a dramatic decrease in viability. Some ruminal bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus bovis and Selenomonas ruminantium) have mechanisms to decrease ATP production or spill the ATP that has already been produced. These mechanisms of decreasing intracellular ATP seem to protect the cell. Most ruminal bacteria can use ammonia as a nitrogen source, but amino nitrogen increases the growth efficiency of mixed ruminal bacteria. Amino nitrogen-dependent improvements in growth efficiency can be explained by an increase in growth rate and a decrease in energy spilling. Amino nitrogen is only beneficial if the rate of carbohydrate fermentation is rapid and carbohydrate is in excess. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Russell, J B AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA and Section of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 1955 EP - 1963 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fermentation KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- metabolism KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- biosynthesis KW - Carbohydrate Metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Ruminants -- physiology KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- administration & dosage KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80049453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Strategies+that+ruminal+bacteria+use+to+handle+excess+carbohydrate.&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new photosystem II electron transfer inhibitor from Sorghum bicolor. AN - 80031497; 9677276 AB - Our study of the mechanism(s) by which sorgoleone (1) acts as a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor led to the isolation of a new benzoquinone derivative, 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxy-3-[(Z,Z)-8',11', 14'-pentadecatriene]-rho-benzoquinone (2), from the root exudate of sorghum. The structure of 2, which is being given the name 5-ethoxy-sorgoleone, was determined by spectroscopic means. A methoxy derivative (3) of 1 was also prepared. Both 2 and 3 caused a reduction in oxygen evolution by thylakoid membranes and induced variable chlorophyll fluorescence. These compounds, however, were less active inhibitors of PS II than 1. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Rimando, A M AU - Dayan, F E AU - Czarnota, M A AU - Weston, L A AU - Duke, S O AD - USDA-ARS-NPURU, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. arimando@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 927 EP - 930 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Benzoquinones KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Lipids KW - sorgoleone KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Spinacia oleracea -- metabolism KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Carbohydrate Sequence KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Benzoquinones -- toxicity KW - Benzoquinones -- chemistry KW - Photosynthesis -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- isolation & purification KW - Benzoquinones -- isolation & purification KW - Plants, Medicinal -- chemistry KW - Electron Transport -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80031497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=A+new+photosystem+II+electron+transfer+inhibitor+from+Sorghum+bicolor.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+A+M%3BDayan%2C+F+E%3BCzarnota%2C+M+A%3BWeston%2C+L+A%3BDuke%2C+S+O&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Nat Prod 1998 Nov;61(11):1456 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation crosslinking of a bacterial medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) elastomer from tallow. AN - 79965889; 9644597 AB - Pseudomonas resinovorans produces a medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (MCL-PHA) copolymer when grown on tallow (PHA-tal). This polymer had a repeat unit composition ranging from C4 to C14 with some mono-unsaturation in the C12 and C14 alkyl side chains. Thermal analysis indicated that the polymer was semi-crystalline with a melting temperature (T(m)) of 43.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -43.4 +/- 2.0 degrees C. The presence of unsaturated side chains allowed crosslinking by gamma-irradiation. Irradiated polymer films had decreased solubility in organic solvents that indicated an increase in the crosslinking density within the film matrix. The addition of linseed oil to the gamma-irradiated film matrix enhanced polymer recovery while minimizing chain scission. Linseed oil also caused a decrease in the enthalpy of fusion (delta Hm) of the films (by an average of 60%) as well as enhanced mineralization. The effects of crosslinking on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of the polymer were determined. Radiation had no effect on the storage modulus (E') of the polymer. However, radiation doses of 25 and 50 kGy did increase the Young modulus of the polymer by 129 and 114%, and the tensile strength of the polymer by 76 and 35%, respectively. Finally, the formation of a higher crosslink density within the polymer matrix decreased the biodegradability of the PHA films. JF - International journal of biological macromolecules AU - Ashby, R D AU - Cromwick, A M AU - Foglia, T A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. rashby@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 61 EP - 72 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0141-8130, 0141-8130 KW - Biopolymers KW - 0 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - Fats KW - Gels KW - Hydroxy Acids KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - tallow KW - 98HPY76U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Drug Stability KW - Solubility KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Fats -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Pseudomonas -- growth & development KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Molecular Weight KW - Rubber -- chemistry KW - Biopolymers -- chemistry KW - Biopolymers -- radiation effects KW - Rubber -- radiation effects KW - Hydroxy Acids -- radiation effects KW - Biopolymers -- biosynthesis KW - Hydroxy Acids -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79965889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+biological+macromolecules&rft.atitle=Radiation+crosslinking+of+a+bacterial+medium-chain-length+poly%28hydroxyalkanoate%29+elastomer+from+tallow.&rft.au=Ashby%2C+R+D%3BCromwick%2C+A+M%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+biological+macromolecules&rft.issn=01418130&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural Effects on Flax Stems of Three Potential Retting Fungi AN - 754893187; 13498172 AB - Rhizomucor pusillus and Fusarium lateritium, isolated from flax dew-retted in South Carolina, and Epicoccum nigrum, isolated from flax dew-retted in the Netherlands, are evaluated for structural modifications of various cells in their flax stems, particularly the effects on fiber walls and bundles as related to retting. All fungi are effective in degrading parenchyma tissues and isolating fibers, but F. lateritium and particularly E. nigrum also degrade the fiber cell walls, including the secondary layers, indicating the potential for over-retting and reduced fiber strength. In contrast, R. pusillus does not appear to attack the main portion of the secondary wall, but degrades the most central portion of the fiber wall, thus expanding the fiber lumen. Extracellular enzymes pro duced by this fungus appear to effectively degrade the middle lamellae, separating bundles into fibers. The lignified walls of the core cells are partially degraded by F. lateritium but not by R. pusillus or E. nigrum. R. pusillus and E. nigrum appear to partially degrade or alter the cuticular surface of the stem, possibly facilitating hyphal penetration to the internal tissues. These observations of structural alterations indicate that R. pusillus possesses the best retting abilities. Results are interpreted in light of previous information on the enzymatic profile of these fungi. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Akin, DE AU - Rigsby, Luanne L AU - Henriksson, G AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - USDA, ARS, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604, U.S.A Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 515 EP - 519 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Parenchyma KW - Extracellular enzymes KW - Fungi KW - Lamellae KW - Rhizomucor pusillus KW - Stems KW - Fibers KW - Textiles KW - Fusarium lateritium KW - Epicoccum nigrum KW - Retting KW - Cell walls KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - K 03330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754893187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Structural+Effects+on+Flax+Stems+of+Three+Potential+Retting+Fungi&rft.au=Akin%2C+DE%3BRigsby%2C+Luanne+L%3BHenriksson%2C+G%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759806800708 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Extracellular enzymes; Parenchyma; Fibers; Textiles; Fungi; Lamellae; Stems; Retting; Cell walls; Fusarium lateritium; Rhizomucor pusillus; Epicoccum nigrum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759806800708 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycotoxins and health hazards: toxicological aspects and mechanism of action of fumonisins. AN - 73953540; 9760455 JF - The Journal of toxicological sciences AU - Norred, W P AU - Voss, K A AU - Riley, R T AU - Meredith, F I AU - Bacon, C W AU - Merrill, A H AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 160 EP - 164 VL - 23 Suppl 2 SN - 0388-1350, 0388-1350 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - dihydroceramide desaturase KW - EC 1.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Oxidoreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73953540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+toxicological+sciences&rft.atitle=Mycotoxins+and+health+hazards%3A+toxicological+aspects+and+mechanism+of+action+of+fumonisins.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BMerrill%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=23+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+toxicological+sciences&rft.issn=03881350&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bird repellents: interaction of chemical agents in mixtures. AN - 70052374; 9817582 AB - Numerous studies characterize the concentration-behavioral response for odorants, tastants, and irritants. However, to achieve ecological validity, interaction of agents in mixtures must be considered. Equiresponse and equimolar molar models of interactions have been proposed, and methods for testing whether agents in mixture interact independently have been evaluated. Yet these averaging models cannot a priori predict whether agents will interact antagonistically, independently, or synergistically. I studied the bird repellent properties of several structurally similar and well-described trigeminally mediated avian irritants, singly and in mixture. Compounds within a chemical class, in which the electron withdrawing groups were similar, interacted independently to produce their repellent effects, e.g., 2-amino methyl benzoate v methyl-2-methoxy benzoate, and o-aminoacetophenone v 2-methoxy acetophenone. The response to mixtures drawn from compounds of dissimilar chemical class, e.g., 2-amino methyl benzoate v o-aminoacetophenone, interacted antagonistically at concentrations below 10 mM, suggesting meditation by a different mechanism within the trigeminally mediated sensory modality. At 10 mM and near saturation of the solutions, there was no evidence of interaction between agents, suggesting responses became saturated. These observations underscore our previous findings for the importance of the molecular properties of the carbonyl group for aromatic bird repellents and suggests the possible existence of multiple receptor mechanisms for avian trigeminal repellents. These data also underscore the importance of attending to interactions of agents in mixtures when designing repellents as tools for the management of wildlife and resolution of conflicts between humans and wildlife. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Clark, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. nwrc.clark@worldnet.att.net Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 689 EP - 695 VL - 64 IS - 5 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Trigeminal Nerve -- physiology KW - Algorithms KW - Trigeminal Nerve -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Irritants -- chemistry KW - Irritants -- pharmacology KW - Birds -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70052374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Bird+repellents%3A+interaction+of+chemical+agents+in+mixtures.&rft.au=Clark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Folate depletion impairs DNA excision repair in the colon of the rat. AN - 69959759; 9771411 AB - Diminished folate status appears to promote colonic carcinogenesis by, as of yet, undefined mechanisms. Impaired DNA repair plays a significant role in the evolution of many colon cancers. Since folate is essential for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides and since folate depletion has previously been associated with excessive DNA strand breaks, it was hypothesised that folate depletion may impair DNA repair. Studies were therefore performed to examine whether folate depletion affects the two major categories of DNA repair. Study 1: eight weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing either 0 or 8 mg folate/kg diet with 1% succinylsulphathiazole for four weeks. After viable colonocytes had been harvested, DNA excision repair was evaluated by a single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Study 2: eighteen animals were fed on similar diets for five weeks. Also in study 2, 18 additional rats were fed on the same defined diet without succinylsulphathiazole for 15 weeks. Weekly injections with the procarcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg base/kg), were administered to the latter group of animals. Five microsatellite loci from different chromosomes were investigated for instability in hepatic and colonic DNA. In study 1, a significantly retarded rate of DNA excision repair was observed in the folate deficient colonocytes compared with controls (p < 0.05). In study 2, there was no evidence of instability at the five microsatellite loci associated with either short or long term folate depletion. Folate deficiency impairs DNA excision repair in rat colonic mucosa; a similar degree of deficiency, even when administered in conjunction with a colonic carcinogen, did not produce evidence of a widespread defect in mismatch repair. JF - Gut AU - Choi, S W AU - Kim, Y I AU - Weitzel, J N AU - Mason, J B AD - Vitamin Bioavailability Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 93 EP - 99 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0017-5749, 0017-5749 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Sulfathiazoles KW - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine KW - IX068S9745 KW - succinylsulfathiazole KW - RSS8647O4S KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microsatellite Repeats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel KW - Male KW - DNA Repair KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69959759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gut&rft.atitle=Folate+depletion+impairs+DNA+excision+repair+in+the+colon+of+the+rat.&rft.au=Choi%2C+S+W%3BKim%2C+Y+I%3BWeitzel%2C+J+N%3BMason%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gut&rft.issn=00175749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):1027-38 [8252616] Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 1;54(7):1645-8 [8137274] Mutat Res. 1994 May 1;307(1):261-71 [7513806] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:173-8 [8013406] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:35-44 [8013423] Mutat Res. 1994 Jul 16;308(2):233-41 [7518050] Am J Pathol. 1994 Jul;145(1):148-56 [8030745] Cancer Res. 1994 Sep 1;54(17):4595-7 [8062248] Cancer Res. 1994 Sep 15;54(18):4841-4 [8069848] Cancer Res. 1994 Oct 1;54(19):5075-80 [7923120] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):9871-5 [7937908] Dis Colon Rectum. 1994 Dec;37(12):1340-1 [7995171] Mutat Res. 1995 Jan;346(1):49-56 [7530329] Eur J Cancer Prev. 1994 Nov;3(6):473-9 [7858479] Transplant Proc. 1995 Apr;27(2):1502-4 [7725391] Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):738-40 [7632227] Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 May;61(5):1083-90 [7733033] Cancer Res. 1995 Jun 1;55(11):2304-9 [7757980] Gastroenterology. 1995 Jul;109(1):73-82 [7797042] Mutat Res. 1995 Sep;337(2):85-95 [7565864] Cancer Res. 1995 Dec 15;55(24):6002-5 [8521381] Mutat Res. 1996 Jan 16;359(1):63-70 [8569803] Mutagenesis. 1995 Nov;10(6):555-9 [8596477] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 6;93(3):1292-7 [8577757] Science. 1996 Apr 26;272(5261):557-60 [8614807] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Jul;5(7):495-502 [8827352] Am J Pathol. 1996 Oct;149(4):1129-37 [8863662] Oncology (Williston Park). 1996 Nov;10(11):1727-36, 1742-3; discussion 1743-4 [8953590] Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):46-52 [8988912] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3290-5 [9096386] Genetics. 1992 Jul;131(3):701-21 [1628813] Annu Rev Nutr. 1985;5:115-41 [3927946] Dig Dis Sci. 1985 Dec;30(12 Suppl):87S-102S [2998716] Exp Cell Res. 1988 Mar;175(1):184-91 [3345800] Science. 1988 Jun 3;240(4857):1302-9 [3287616] J Nutr. 1988 Sep;118(9):1089-96 [3418416] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Jul;10(7):1209-14 [2472230] J Cell Physiol. 1989 Aug;140(2):335-43 [2745567] Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):7979-84 [2690930] Digestion. 1973;8(1):22-34 [4776487] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Jul 21;437(2):354-63 [1085166] Gut. 1977 May;18(5):382-5 [873323] Cancer Res. 1977 Nov;37(11):4082-7 [908041] Clin Chem. 1982 May;28(5):1198-200 [6804123] J Nutr. 1989 Dec;119(12):1956-61 [2621488] Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1990 Jun;46(2):231-42 [2340494] Cell. 1990 Jun 1;61(5):759-67 [2188735] Mutat Res. 1990 May-Jul;237(3-4):123-30 [2233818] Genomics. 1992 Apr;12(4):627-31 [1572635] Mutat Res. 1992 Jun;271(3):243-52 [1378197] Cancer. 1992 Sep 1;70(5 Suppl):1216-21 [1511369] Cancer Res. 1992 Sep 15;52(18):5002-6 [1516055] Int J Radiat Biol. 1992 Sep;62(3):313-20 [1356133] Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):816-9 [8484122] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Jun 2;85(11):875-84 [8492316] Nature. 1993 Jun 10;363(6429):558-61 [8505985] Carcinogenesis. 1993 Jul;14(7):1483-6 [8330370] Cancer Res. 1993 Nov 15;53(22):5401-8 [8221678] J Nutr. 1993 Nov;123(11):1939-51 [8229312] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of metribuzin from alginate controlled release formulations in a Sharkey soil; 2, Transport AN - 52549371; 1998-062986 JF - Soil Science AU - Selim, H M AU - McGowen, S L AU - Johnson, R M AU - Pepperman, A B Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 535 EP - 543 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 163 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - metabolites KW - desorption KW - degradation KW - Mississippi Valley KW - isotopes KW - tritium KW - fate KW - triazines KW - radioactive isotopes KW - transport KW - movement KW - Louisiana KW - breakthrough curves KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - effluents KW - pollution KW - rates KW - adsorption KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - Iberville Parish Louisiana KW - organic compounds KW - Inceptisols KW - radioactive tracers KW - metribuzin KW - Haplaquepts KW - hydrogen KW - Saint Gabriel Louisiana KW - alginate-kaolin controlled release formulation KW - pesticides KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52549371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Fate+of+metribuzin+from+alginate+controlled+release+formulations+in+a+Sharkey+soil%3B+2%2C+Transport&rft.au=Selim%2C+H+M%3BMcGowen%2C+S+L%3BJohnson%2C+R+M%3BPepperman%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Selim&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Joint Contrib. USDA-ARS Southern Region. Res. Cent., New Orleans, LA, and La. Agric. Exp. Stn., Baton Rouge, Manuscript No. 97-09-0404 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; alginate-kaolin controlled release formulation; breakthrough curves; degradation; desorption; effluents; fate; geochemistry; Gulf Coastal Plain; Haplaquepts; herbicides; hydrogen; Iberville Parish Louisiana; Inceptisols; isotopes; kinetics; Louisiana; metabolites; metribuzin; Mississippi Valley; movement; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; radioactive tracers; rates; Saint Gabriel Louisiana; soils; transport; triazines; tritium; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatty acid bioconversions by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 AN - 21252513; 11766220 AB - The bioconversions of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ricinoleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 were investigated. The conversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was improved to better than 80% yields by modifying the culture medium and reaction parameters. The microbial cultures were stable and retained the same level of DOD production capacity for up to 6 mon as examined herewith. Strain PR3 did not bioconvert linoleic acid. However, strain PR3 converted ricinoleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD), with a yield of about 35%. The product was further metabolized by strain PR3. TOD was purified by thin-layer chromatography, and its structure was determined by H and C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. This is the first report on the production of 7,10,12-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid by microbial transformation. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Kuo, T M AU - Manthey, L K AU - Hou, C T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, USDA, ARS, 61604 Peoria, Illinois, kuotm@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 875 EP - 879 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 75 IS - 7 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Transformation KW - ricinoleic acid KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Oil KW - Total oxygen demand KW - bioconversion KW - Fatty acids KW - N.M.R. KW - Thin-layer chromatography KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Oleic acid KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Fatty+acid+bioconversions+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+PR3&rft.au=Kuo%2C+T+M%3BManthey%2C+L+K%3BHou%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-998-0240-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Transformation; Total oxygen demand; bioconversion; Fatty acids; N.M.R.; ricinoleic acid; Thin-layer chromatography; Oleic acid; Mass spectroscopy; Linoleic acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0240-3 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fumonisins: Mechanism of mycotoxicity AN - 17668500; 4608630 AB - The purpose of this article is to review the various mechanistic hypotheses for fumonisin-induced animal diseases; including porcine pulmonary edema, equine leukoencephalomalacia, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in several animal species, and liver cancer promotion activity in rats. Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early event that is closely correlated with alterations in cell proliferation and increased cell death in most primary cell cultures and cell lines that have been examined. While primary rat hepatocytes and liver slices are very sensitive to fumonisin-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism, they are relatively insensitive to the toxic effects of fumonisins. Nonetheless, the onset and progression of F. moniliforme-associated diseases in pigs, horses, rabbits, mice, and rats in vivo, are closely correlated with evidence for disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. Fumonisins also affect other aspects of lipid metabolism and sites of cellular regulation that are reportedly independent of the disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. However disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and signal transduction pathways, mediated by lipid second messengers or signaling pathways affected by disrupted sphingolipid metabolism, could be an important aspect of all the various proposed mechanisms of action. JF - Revue de Medecine Veterinaire AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, KA AU - Norred, W P AU - Sharma, R P AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, AH Jr Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 617 EP - 626 PB - Ecole Nationale Veterinaire VL - 149 IS - 6 KW - hepatotoxicity KW - nephrotoxicity KW - equine leukoencephalomalacia KW - kidney KW - liver KW - porcine pulmonary edema KW - sphingolipids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Mycotoxins KW - Reviews KW - Liver KW - Carcinoma KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17668500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+Medecine+Veterinaire&rft.atitle=Fumonisins%3A+Mechanism+of+mycotoxicity&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BSharma%2C+R+P%3BWang%2C+E%3BMerrill%2C+AH+Jr&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+de+Medecine+Veterinaire&rft.issn=00351555&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The differentiation of Phytophthora species that are pathogenic on potatoes by an asymmetric PCR combined with single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis AN - 17581514; 4394935 AB - The goal of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capable of differentiating Phytophthora species that are pathogenic on potatoes using a single primer pair. To achieve this objective, primers were derived from conserved regions flanking variable sequences in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of Phytophthora species. One primer pair produced a 140 bp product from P. infestans, P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae. The PCR products were purified and used in an asymmetric PCR (A-PCR) protocol to generate single-strand DNA (ssDNA). The ssDNA of the Phytophthora potato pathogens reproducibly migrated in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels in a species-specific manner. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Scott, D L AU - Clark, C W AU - Fyffe, A E AU - Walker, MD AU - Deah, K L AD - USDA-ARS BARC West, Vegetable Laboratory Rm 240, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, dscott1906@aol.com Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - potatoes KW - single-stranded DNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Differentiation KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pathogens KW - Phytophthora KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+differentiation+of+Phytophthora+species+that+are+pathogenic+on+potatoes+by+an+asymmetric+PCR+combined+with+single-strand+conformation+polymorphism+analysis&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+L%3BClark%2C+C+W%3BFyffe%2C+A+E%3BWalker%2C+MD%3BDeah%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora; Polymerase chain reaction; Pathogens; Differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of Gigaspora (Glomales, Gigasporaceae) AN - 17573869; 4480833 AB - This work presents a cooperative effort to integrate new molecular (isozyme and SSU analyses) characters into the morphological taxonomy of the genus Gigaspora (Glomales). Previous analyses of published Gigaspora SSU sequences indicated the presence of a few polymorphic nucleotides in the region delimited by primers NS71-SSU 1492'. In our study, the SSU of 24 isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the Gigasporaceae were amplified and the NS71-SSU 1492' region was directly sequenced. The corresponding sequences of four more isolates of AM fungi from Gigasporaceae, already published, were also included in our analyses. Three Gigaspora groups were identified on the basis of a 6 nucleotide-long 'molecular signature': Gigaspora rosea group (G. rosea+G. albida), Gigaspora margarita group (G. margarita+G. decipiens) and Gigaspora gigantea, which constituted a group by itself. The isozyme profiles (malate dehydrogenase, MDH) of 12 of these 28 isolates, and seven other isolates not sequenced, were compared. The results obtained further supported the grouping of isolates provided by the SSU analysis. Both SSU and MDH analysis indicated that two out of the 35 isolates had been misidentified, which was confirmed when their morphology was reassessed. The use of the Gigaspora intrageneric molecular signature as a quick, unambiguous and objective method to recognize Gigaspora isolates under any (field or laboratory) experimental conditions is suggested. JF - New Phytologist AU - Bago, B AU - Bentivenga, S P AU - Brenac, V AU - Dodd, J C AU - Piche, Y AU - Simon, L AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS/USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, bbago@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 581 EP - 588 VL - 139 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - molecular analysis KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Gigaspora KW - Taxonomy KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17573869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+Gigaspora+%28Glomales%2C+Gigasporaceae%29&rft.au=Bago%2C+B%3BBentivenga%2C+S+P%3BBrenac%2C+V%3BDodd%2C+J+C%3BPiche%2C+Y%3BSimon%2C+L&rft.aulast=Bago&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora; Mycorrhizas; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Natural Infection of Pisum sativum subsp. elatius by Mycosphaerella pinodes in Bulgaria AN - 17571709; 4371170 AB - Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn. is a wild pea species that is native to Bulgaria. It readily crosses to the cultivated pea species P. sativum subsp. sativum. Field pea is an important component in the crop rotation system of the northeast region of Bulgaria. Little is known or published on the diseases of wild Pisum subspecies. In June 1997, brown to reddish brown, irregularly shaped lesions 5 to 10 mm in diameter were found on the leaves and stems of P. sativum subsp. elatius growing under native conditions in the low growing vegetation in a mixed forest habitat on the Black Sea coast at Albena, Bulgaria (43 degree 22'26 double prime N; 28 degree 05'02 double prime E) at an elevation of about 50 m. Black pycnidia were observed within lesions and contained hyaline, primarily two-celled conidia that measured 7 to 17 x 3 to 5 mu m. On artificially inoculated pea stem pieces incubated on 2% water agar (WA) at 22 to 24 degree C for 28 days, pseudothecia developed with hyaline, two-celled ascospores constricted at the septum and measuring 12 to 17 x 4 to 7 mu m. Black chlamydospores produced singly or in chains also formed in infected foliar tissues and on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and WA. Isolations were made from the lesions on pea tissue onto WA and PDA after disinfesting in 0.25% NaOCl for 5 min. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating the foliage of P. sativum subsp. sativum cvs. Dark Skin Perfection and Sounder and P. sativum subsp. elatius (W6-20047), and reisolating the fungus from lesions that developed on the inoculated leaves and stems. The wild Pisum fungus was identified as Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk, & Blox.) Vestergr. based on cultural and morphological characteristics (2), pathogenicity tests, and by comparing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers with those of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) isolates 201628 to 201633 of M. pinodes. The fungus was identified as a pathogen of cultivated peas in Bulgaria by Kovachevsky and Hristov (1) in 1949. This is the first report of M. pinodes infecting P. sativum subsp. elatius in Bulgaria and other countries where P. sativum subsp. elatius is a native plant species. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Muehlbauer, F J AU - Hannan, R M AU - Mihov, M AD - USDA, ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 830 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pea KW - Bulgaria KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Mycosphaerella pinodes KW - Pisum sativum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Natural+Infection+of+Pisum+sativum+subsp.+elatius+by+Mycosphaerella+pinodes+in+Bulgaria&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J%3BHannan%2C+R+M%3BMihov%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisum sativum; Mycosphaerella pinodes; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Ascochyta Blight of Cicer montbretti, a Wild Perennial Chickpea in Bulgaria AN - 17571654; 4371169 AB - In the Stranja Mountains of southeastern Bulgaria, native populations of Cicer montbretii Jaub. & Spach were found on the edge of a road in an oak forest near the village of Gramatikova (42 degree 1'38 double prime N; 27 degree 36'49 double prime E) at an elevation of about 125 m. C. montbretii, a perennial species, is the only wild Cicer sp. native to Bulgaria. At the time of collection, necrotic lesions were observed on the stems, leaflets, and pods of several plants, and these lesions were reminiscent of those induced by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse. The teleomorph (sexual stage) of A. rabiei, Didymella rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx (syn. Mycosphaerella rabiei Kovachevski), was discovered in 1936 on overwintered chickpea residue in southern Bulgaria. The fungus is heterothallic and requires the pairing of two compatible mating types for development of fertile pseudothecia. Both mating types of A. rabiei were isolated previously from naturally infected, cultivated chickpeas (C. arietinum L.) from northeastern and southern Bulgaria (1), and the teleomorph, Didymella rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx, developed on naturally infested chickpea debris from both regions when it was incubated at appropriate environmental conditions. Isolations were made from lesions on the leaflets, stems, pods, and seeds of C. montbretii by surface disinfecting tissue in 0.25% NaOCl for 5 min, drying on paper hand towels, and placing small pieces of tissue on 2% water agar and Difco potato dextrose agar. Plates were incubated at 22 to 24 degree C under fluorescent lights with a 12-h photoperiod. A. rabiei was isolated from all foliar tissues of the plant, including seeds. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating the foliage of chickpea PI 458870 and reisolating the fungus from lesions that developed on the leaflets and stems. Six Bulgarian isolates of A. rabiei from C. montbretii were paired with compatible mating type tester isolates of A. rabiei, MAT1-1 (ATCC 76501) and MAT 1-2 (ATCC 76502), following the procedure of Kaiser and Kusmenoglu (2). Both mating types were found among the six isolates. Two were MAT 1-1 and four MAT 1-2. The teleomorph did not develop on the small amount of naturally infested chickpea residue tested. Therefore, in Bulgaria, both cultivated and wild chickpeas are infected naturally by A. rabiei and both mating types have been isolated from these hosts. D. rabiei will likely be found in native stands of C. montbretii in Bulgaria as more samples of overwintered infested debris are examined for the teleomorph. This is the first report of A. rabiei causing blight of a wild Cicer sp. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Hannan, R M AU - Muehlbauer, F J AU - Mihov, M AD - USDA, ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 830 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Bulgaria KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Blight KW - Ascochyta rabiei KW - Cicer montbretti KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Ascochyta+Blight+of+Cicer+montbretti%2C+a+Wild+Perennial+Chickpea+in+Bulgaria&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+W+J%3BHannan%2C+R+M%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J%3BMihov%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cicer montbretti; Ascochyta rabiei; Plant diseases; Blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A PCR-Based Technique for Detection of Neotyphodium Endophytes in Diverse Accessions of Tall Fescue AN - 17571625; 4371151 AB - A previously described polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method used for detection of Neotyphodium coenophialum in tall fescue detected Neotyphodium endophytes in some, but not all, infected plants from a geographically diverse sample. In the study reported here, a different set of primers, based on intervening sequences of the tubulin 2 gene, were prepared and used for PCR. PCR with these primers yielded the expected 444 base pair amplification product with DNA from 104 of the 106 infected accessions tested. In addition, one accession originally scored as endophyte-free on the basis of a tissue culture test was correctly rated as endophyte-infected using the PCR procedure. Results suggest that primers based on intervening sequences of the tubulin 2 gene can be used for PCR-based detection of Neotyphodium endophytes in tall fescue accessions of diverse origin. JF - Plant Disease AU - Doss, R P AU - Clement, S L AU - Kuy, S-R AU - Welty, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA, dossr@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 738 EP - 740 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - detection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Endophytes KW - Grasses KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Neotyphodium KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+PCR-Based+Technique+for+Detection+of+Neotyphodium+Endophytes+in+Diverse+Accessions+of+Tall+Fescue&rft.au=Doss%2C+R+P%3BClement%2C+S+L%3BKuy%2C+S-R%3BWelty%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Doss&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neotyphodium; Polymerase chain reaction; Grasses; Endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield and Seed Quality of Soybean Cultivars Infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum AN - 17571049; 4371168 AB - Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most important diseases of soybean in the United States. Five maturity group III cultivars, Asgrow A3304 STS (A3304), Pioneer Brand 9342 (P9342), Pioneer Brand 9381 (P9381), Probst, and Yale, grown in fields in east-central Illinois, were used to determine the relationship of SSR incidence to yield, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content, visual seed quality, and seed germination. In addition, the number of sclerotia in seed samples and the seedborne incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined. For each cultivar, at least 23 two-row plots, 3 m long, that represented a range of SSR incidence from low to high, were used to count the number of plants with and without SSR stem symptoms and were used to estimate yields and evaluate seed quality. Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 45% for Probst, 0 to 65% for P9381, 0 to 68% for P9342, 1 to 93% for Yale, and 0 to 95% for A3304. Regression of yields on SSR incidences for each cultivar was significant (P < 0.05); for every 10% increase in SSR incidence, yields were reduced by 147, 194, 203, 254, and 263 kg/ha for Probst, A3304, P9342, Yale, and P9381, respectively. Disease incidence was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed germination for all cultivars but Probst, and to oil content and seed weight for P9381 and Yale. Disease incidence was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed quality for all cultivars and to the number of sclerotia in harvested seeds for P9342, P9381, and Probst. The seedborne incidence of S. sclerotiorum was 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7% in A3304, P9381, Yale, Probst, and P9342, respectively, and represents a significant potential for further spread of this pathogen and disease. JF - Plant Disease AU - Hoffman, D D AU - Hartman, G L AU - Mueller, D S AU - Leitz, R A AU - Nickell, C D AU - Pedersen, W L AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801-4723, USA, ghartman@uiuc.edu Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 826 EP - 829 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - soybean KW - seed quality KW - seeds KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Yield KW - Plant diseases KW - Stem rot KW - Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Yield+and+Seed+Quality+of+Soybean+Cultivars+Infected+with+Sclerotinia+sclerotiorum&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+D+D%3BHartman%2C+G+L%3BMueller%2C+D+S%3BLeitz%2C+R+A%3BNickell%2C+C+D%3BPedersen%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Plant diseases; Stem rot; Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed Transmission of Pantoea stewartii in Field and Sweet Corn AN - 17570912; 4371159 AB - Seed transmission of Pantoea stewartii was evaluated by assays of more than 76,000 plants in greenhouse and field grow-out trials. Fourteen P. stewartii-infected seed lots were obtained from two dent corn inbreds and two sweet corn cultivars that were inoculated with either a rifampicin and nalidixic acid-resistant strain (rif-9A) or a wild-type strain (SS104) of P. stewartii. Four additional seed lots were collected from naturally infected inbreds. Percentages of infected kernels ranged from 0.8 to 72%, as determined by agar plating or by individual-kernel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plants grown from this seed were assayed by a stem-printing technique that consisted of cutting and pressing a cross-section of each stem onto agar media. Prints were examined for development of P. stewartii colonies after 24 and 48 h. The transmission rate from seed produced on the inoculated plants was 0.066% (28 of 42,206 plants), based on all seedlings assayed. Transmission was estimated to be 0.14% from infected kernels. The transmission rate from seed produced on naturally infected plants was 0.0029% (1 of 34,924 plants), based on all seedlings, and 0.022% from infected kernels. Seed transmission occurred significantly less often (P = 0.034) from seed produced on naturally infected plants than from seed produced on inoculated plants, probably due to greater kernel damage caused by ear shank inoculation. The rarity of seed transmission of P. stewartii from heavily infected seed lots that would ordinarily be rejected due to poor germination suggests that the likelihood of seed transmission from good quality commercial seed corn is virtually nonexistent. JF - Plant Disease AU - Block, C C AU - Hill, J H AU - McGee, D C AD - USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, ccblock@iastate.edu Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 775 EP - 780 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Seed-borne diseases KW - Pantoea stewartii KW - Zea mays KW - Disease transmission KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17570912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seed+Transmission+of+Pantoea+stewartii+in+Field+and+Sweet+Corn&rft.au=Block%2C+C+C%3BHill%2C+J+H%3BMcGee%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Pantoea stewartii; Disease transmission; Seed-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Property rights as policy tools for sustainable development AN - 17247697; 4542205 AB - The emergence of land markets in developing countries sometimes concentrates property rights in individual 'owners,' restricting the rights held by other claimants under customary tenure systems. By neglecting livelihood and environmental externalities, this may undermine the objectives of sustainable development. This paper draws lessons from the United States' experience using property rights as policy tools to accommodate multiple interests in resource use and conservation without incurring the political costs of regulation or the full financial costs of land acquisition. The benefits of such tools must be weighed against potentially significant costs, including those of monitoring and enforcing complex property arrangements over time. JF - Land Use Policy AU - Wiebe, K D AU - Meinzen-Dick, R AD - USDA Economic Service, Room 4202, 1800 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 203 EP - 215 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0264-8377, 0264-8377 KW - property rights KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Government policies KW - Economics KW - Sustainable development KW - Developing countries KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17247697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+Use+Policy&rft.atitle=Property+rights+as+policy+tools+for+sustainable+development&rft.au=Wiebe%2C+K+D%3BMeinzen-Dick%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wiebe&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+Use+Policy&rft.issn=02648377&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Developing countries; Sustainable development; Government policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory determination of water and pesticide partitioning AN - 17198871; 4480416 AB - Laboratory studies provide the best opportunity for studying water and pesticide partitioning for a range of soil conditions while maintaining reproducible conditions. We developed and evaluated a laboratory technique for determining pesticide partitioning among infiltration, runoff, and sediment. Simulated rainfall (44 mm h super(-1)) was applied to a sandy clay loam 14 days after pesticide (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D) application. The laboratory technique provided controlled test conditions and reproducible results on the partitioning of rainfall, runoff, and pesticides at the soil surface and on sediment and pesticide transport. Average atrazine and chlorpyrifos half-life (t sub(1/2)) values determined from corresponding concentrations in the 0- to 1-cm soil layer were approximately 30 and 10 d. Atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D concentrations remaining in the 0- to 1-cm surface layer decreased logarithmically with rainfall duration. Atrazine and 2,4-D concentrations in the 0- to 1-cm layer were correlated positively with those associated with splash (S), runoff (R), and sediment yield (E) (R super(2) = 0.69 to 0.99). Relationships for all pesticide concentrations in the 0- to 1-cm layer and infiltration (INF) were correlated negatively. Relatively poor correlations (R super(2) = 0.10-0.63) were found between chlorpyrifos losses and corresponding concentrations in the surface layer even though positive correlations were found between R and E (R super(2) = 0.91) and E and S sub(s) (R super(2) = 0.77). Measured effective partitioning coefficients (K sub(deff)) increased gradually for each event, and were at least 31 times greater than reported K sub(d) values for atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D. The methodologies and experimental design described provide a means of evaluating how changes in pesticide concentrations in the surface layer rainfall, and pesticide characteristics, which will enhance the development of process-based models to predict pesticide fate and transport for event-based storms. JF - Soil Science AU - Truman, C C AU - Steinberger, P AU - Leonard, R A AU - Klik, A AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2375 Rainwater Rd., P.O. Box 946, Tifton, Georgia 31793, USA, ctsewrlifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 556 EP - 569 VL - 163 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Simulated rainfall KW - Laboratories KW - Pesticides KW - Infiltration KW - Experimental design KW - Correlation analysis KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Soil horizons KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17198871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Laboratory+determination+of+water+and+pesticide+partitioning&rft.au=Truman%2C+C+C%3BSteinberger%2C+P%3BLeonard%2C+R+A%3BKlik%2C+A&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Simulated rainfall; Laboratories; Pesticides; Experimental design; Infiltration; Correlation analysis; Sediments; Runoff; Soil horizons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of technology in sustaining agriculture and the environment AN - 17190916; 4480876 AB - Visions of sustainable development often leave unanswered the question: What actions taken by the current generation will ensure that future generations can meet their economic and environmental needs? In this context, we assess the role of technology in steering agriculture along a more sustainable path. From the agricultural sector's perspective, this requires an optimal investment plan for a nation's stock of environmental assets that accounts for an intergenerational fulfillment of sustainability's dual goals: (1) satisfying food and fiber needs at reasonable costs to consumers; and (2) providing environmental service flows. In reviewing agricultural indicators to assess the nation's performance in meeting these goals, we find productivity growth has increased while rates of soil erosion, wetland conversion, and pesticide application have declined. However, individuals continue to demand more environmental services while private markets undersupply environmental services. The capacity of the agricultural sector to meet food and fiber and environmental service demands partially depends on the availability and adoption of new technology. Several market impediments explain the undersupply of sustainable technologies: (1) firms cannot fully appropriate rents from technology development; (2) success may vary with farm structure; (3) the heterogeneity of the resource base influences adoption; and (4) farmers cannot capture the benefits of environmental services. To address these market failures, sustainable agriculture policy should: (1) support research and development in sustainable technologies and provide incentives to encourage adoption; (2) ensure that conservation efforts reflect the efficient and sustainable allocation of environmental assets; and (3) legitimize markets for foods produced under more sustainable practices. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Aldy, JE AU - Hrubovcak, J AU - Vasavada, U AD - Economic Research Service, 1800 M. St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 81 EP - 96 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Government policies KW - Sustainable development KW - Soil erosion KW - Economics KW - Pesticides KW - Wetlands KW - Technology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17190916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=The+role+of+technology+in+sustaining+agriculture+and+the+environment&rft.au=Aldy%2C+JE%3BHrubovcak%2C+J%3BVasavada%2C+U&rft.aulast=Aldy&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Economics; Agriculture; Soil erosion; Wetlands; Technology; Sustainable development; Government policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the dynamics of the regulation of pollution: Incentive compatible regulation of a persistent pollutant AN - 17169229; 4468846 AB - Consider the optimal regulation of a persistent pollutant. Because the pollutant is persistent, the levels of pollution in neighboring periods are causally related, and it is necessary to determine an optimal trajectory of emissions. The optional level of emissions in any period depends on the costs to reduce emissions, but these costs are generally private information to the polluting firms. A regulatory agency may solicit firms' cost functions, but if the firms know how the agency will use the information they provide, they may have an incentive to lie. Hence the agency's problem is to design a regulatory scheme that elicits truthful responses from firms and achieves the optimal trajectory of emissions. This paper describes such a scheme, the extension to a dynamic setting of a scheme found by Evan Kwerel. The purpose of this paper is to describe this "dynamic Kwerel scheme," derive its properties, and describe the associated trajectory of emissions. JF - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AU - Benford, F A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific NW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, benfordf@ccmail.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 1 EP - 25 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0095-0696, 0095-0696 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution control KW - Emission control KW - Government regulations KW - Ethics KW - Pollution violations KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Economics KW - Industrial pollution KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17169229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Management&rft.atitle=On+the+dynamics+of+the+regulation+of+pollution%3A+Incentive+compatible+regulation+of+a+persistent+pollutant&rft.au=Benford%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Benford&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Management&rft.issn=00950696&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Pollutant persistence; Industrial pollution; Ethics; Emission control; Government regulations; Pollution violations; Air pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential leaf resistance to insects of transgenic sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) expressing tobacco anionic peroxidase AN - 17135626; 4439764 AB - Leaves of transgenic sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees that expressed tobacco anionic peroxidase were compared with leaves of L. styraciflua trees that did not express the tobacco enzyme. Leaves of the transgenic trees were generally more resistant to feeding by caterpillars and beetles than wild-type leaves. However, as for past studies with transgenic tobacco and tomato expressing the tobacco anionic peroxidase, the degree of relative resistance depended on the size of insect used and the maturity of the leaf. Decreased growth of gypsy moth larvae appeared mainly due to decreased consumption, and not changes in the nutritional quality of the foliage. Transgenic leaves were more susceptible to feeding by the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. Thus, it appears the tobacco anionic peroxidase can contribute to insect resistance, but its effects are more predictable when it is expressed in plant species more closely related to the original gene source. JF - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences AU - Dowd, P F AU - Lagrimini, L M AU - Herms, DA AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 712 EP - 720 VL - 54 IS - 7 SN - 1420-682X, 1420-682X KW - Bollworm KW - Sweetgum KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Peroxidase KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Transgenic plants KW - Leaves KW - Pest control KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Gene transfer KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17135626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=Differential+leaf+resistance+to+insects+of+transgenic+sweetgum+%28Liquidambar+styraciflua%29+expressing+tobacco+anionic+peroxidase&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BLagrimini%2C+L+M%3BHerms%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.issn=1420682X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Liquidambar styraciflua; Nicotiana tabacum; Leaves; Peroxidase; Transgenic plants; Gene transfer; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The occurrence and abundance of plants with extrafloral nectaries, the basis for antiherbivore defensive mutualisms, along a latitudinal gradient in east Asia AN - 17134284; 4434738 AB - The occurrence and abundance of indigenous plants with extrafloral nectaries was evaluated within local communities and regional floras along a north to south gradient from tundra in northeastern Russia (64-70 degree N) through temperate types in eastern Russia and Korea to subtropical vegetation in the Bonin Islands (26-27 degree N) south of Japan. Moving from tundra to subtropical vegetation, there is a pattern of increasing abundance of extrafloral bearing plants as a function of total plant cover (from 10.25 to 40.18%), number of species per sampled area (from 0.11 to 1.13/100 m), and proportion of species within regional floras (from 0.32 to 7.46%). There were some plants with extrafloral nectaries in all communities but their abundance varied greatly, c. 1-25% in the four northern latitudes and c. 7-70% in the subtropical region. Ants, the primary mutualists associated with plants bearing extrafloral nectaries, have a similar pattern of increasing abundance (species richness, nest density, and colony size) along the same north-south latitudinal gradient. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Pemberton, R W AD - Aquatic Plant Management Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 3205 College Ave, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 661 EP - 668 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ants KW - Japan KW - Korea KW - Russia KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecological distribution KW - Formicidae KW - Reproductive strategy KW - Extrafloral nectaries KW - Plants KW - Mutualism KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17134284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=The+occurrence+and+abundance+of+plants+with+extrafloral+nectaries%2C+the+basis+for+antiherbivore+defensive+mutualisms%2C+along+a+latitudinal+gradient+in+east+Asia&rft.au=Pemberton%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Pemberton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Mutualism; Reproductive strategy; Plants; Extrafloral nectaries; Ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterium bovis in coyotes from Michigan AN - 17114189; 4422743 AB - During a survey for tuberculosis in wild carnivores and omnivores, Mycobacterium bovis was cultured from pooled lymph nodes of three adult female coyotes (Canis latrans) harvested by hunters in Michigan (USA). No gross or histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in these animals. One coyote was taken from Montmorency county and two coyotes from Alcona county located in the north-eastern portion of Michigan's Lower Peninsula where free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been found infected with bovine tuberculosis. It is thought that these coyotes became infected with M. bovis through the consumption of tuberculous deer. Other species included in the survey were the opossum (Didelphis virginiana), raccoon (Procyon lotor), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), bobcat (Felis rufus), and badger (Taxidea taxus). JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Bruning-Fann, C S AU - Schmitt, S M AU - Fitzngrald, S D AU - Payeur, J B AU - Whipple, D L AU - Cooley, T M AU - Carlson, T AU - Friedrich, P AD - Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Holt, MI 48842, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 632 EP - 636 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Coyote KW - USA, Michigan KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Wildlife KW - Population studies KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Canis latrans KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17114189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+bovis+in+coyotes+from+Michigan&rft.au=Bruning-Fann%2C+C+S%3BSchmitt%2C+S+M%3BFitzngrald%2C+S+D%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BCooley%2C+T+M%3BCarlson%2C+T%3BFriedrich%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bruning-Fann&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Mycobacterium bovis; Disease transmission; Tuberculosis; Population studies; Wildlife ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Salmonella cells within 24 to 26 hours in poultry samples with the polymerase chain reaction BAX system AN - 16559487; 4396558 AB - BAX, a commercial polymerase chain reaction-based system, was evaluated to determine the efficacy of the system with different concentrations of Salmonella cells in mixed cultures and compared to conventional methods for detection of inoculated Salmonella cells from poultry samples. When present in enrichment broths at levels of 10 super(5), 10 super(4), and 10 super(3) CFU/ml, Salmonella cells were detected in 100, 93, and 41% of samples, respectively. Salmonella cells were detected in 23 of 150 (15%) processed chicken rinse samples with the BAX system compared to 18 of 150 (12%) samples with conventional methods. Salmonella cells were detected in 28 of 50 (56%) ground turkey samples with the BAX system compared to 25 of 50 (50%) samples with conventional methods. Overall there was a 97% method agreement. One false-negative and two false-positive results were obtained with the BAX. Band sizes and intensity of the polymerase chain reaction product were shown to be correlated with estimated numbers of Salmonella CFU present in the enriched and inoculated samples. The assay was able to detect 10 super(4) Salmonella CFU/ml of enrichment medium, which allows consistent detection of Salmonella cells within 24 to 26 h. The high degree of sensitivity and specificity of the BAX system make it a reliable alternative to conventional bacterial cultural methods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Bailey, J S AD - Department of Agriculture, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA, jsbailey@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 792 EP - 795 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - BAX KW - Salmonella KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Poultry KW - Food contamination KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Sampling methods KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16559487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Salmonella+cells+within+24+to+26+hours+in+poultry+samples+with+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+BAX+system&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=792&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Food contamination; Sampling methods; Poultry; Bacteria; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population Trends and Habitat Associations of Rodents in Southern Texas AN - 16559110; 4387318 AB - Population trends for seven genera of rodents were monitored by snap-trap capture rates on a study area (700 km super(2)) in Webb County, Texas, during winter from 1976 to 1986. Population irruptions occurred in 1982 (46-fold) and 1986 (13-fold) for Sigmodon, and in 1982 (17-fold) for Reithrodontomys. Annual variability in abundance was positively correlated between the following pairs of genera: Sigmodon-Reithrodontomys, Peromyscus-Onychomys, Onychomys-Reithrodontomys, and Dipodomys-Chaetodipus. Annual abundance of Sigmodon in winter was positively correlated with rainfall in the prior growing season. Analysis of the distribution of the composite rodent community among five vegetative habitats revealed greater abundance of rodents in the most dense and diverse shrub community (high-density shrub/mixed-grass habitat). JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Windberg, LA AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5295, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 153 EP - 160 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=140&page=153] VL - 140 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Rodents KW - USA, Texas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecological distribution KW - Population changes KW - Species composition KW - Habitat KW - Rodentia KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16559110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Population+Trends+and+Habitat+Associations+of+Rodents+in+Southern+Texas&rft.au=Windberg%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Windberg&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; Habitat; Population changes; Species composition; Ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a novel Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus mutant that exhibits abnormal polyhedron formation and virion occlusion AN - 16558594; 4383444 AB - In previous studies on the formation of Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) few polyhedra (FP) mutants, several polyhedron formation mutants (PFM) were identified that appeared to be unique. These viral mutants are being characterized to investigate the processes of polyhedron formation and virion occlusion. LdMNPV isolate PFM-1 is one of these mutants, and is described in this report. Genetic techniques were used to determine if isolate PFM-1 contained a mutation in the polyhedrin or 25K FP gene. Wild-type viruses were recovered after coinfection of Ld652Y cells with isolate PFM-1 and a FP mutant, and with isolates PFM-1 and PFM-C (isolate PFM-C contains a mutation in the polyhedrin gene). These viruses were analyzed by genomic restriction endonuclease digestion and found to be chimeras of the original PFMs used in the coinfections. Marker rescue studies mapped the mutation in isolate PFM-1 to a genomic region that does not include the polyhedrin or 25K FP genes. Isolate PFM-1 produced approximately 14-fold fewer polyhedra than LdMNPV isolate A21-MPV, an isolate that produces wild-type levels of polyhedra, and approximately 2-fold more polyhedra compared to the FP isolate 122-2. Polyhedra generated by isolate PFM-1 were normal in size and shape but contained very few viral nucleocapsids. The same amount of budded virus (BV) was released from cells infected with isolates PFM-1 and A21-MPV. In contrast, isolate 122-2 yielded significantly more BV than isolates PFM-1 and A21-MPV. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Slavicek, JM AU - Mercer, MJ AU - Pohlman, D AU - Kelly, ME AU - Bischoff, D S AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Science Laboratory, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, JSlavicek@aol.com Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 28 EP - 37 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - genomic restriction endonuclease digestion KW - polyhedrin gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Viruses KW - Mutants KW - Polyhedra KW - Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Chimeras KW - Mutation KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+novel+Lymantria+dispar+nucleopolyhedrovirus+mutant+that+exhibits+abnormal+polyhedron+formation+and+virion+occlusion&rft.au=Slavicek%2C+JM%3BMercer%2C+MJ%3BPohlman%2C+D%3BKelly%2C+ME%3BBischoff%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Slavicek&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Biological control; Mutants; Mutation; Polyhedra; Chimeras; Viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor AN - 16556271; 4371737 AB - The BIAcore biosensor was used to detect binding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with specific antibodies. Immobilized Protein A or Protein G captured antibodies which in turn bound to the bacteria. Alternatively, immobilized antibody captured the E. coli O157:H7 and the bacteria were further probed by a second antibody which enhanced the signal. The regenerated sensor surfaces were used for at least 50 separate analyses. The surface plasmon resonance biosensor has potential for use in rapid, real-time detection and identification of bacteria, and to study the interaction of organisms with different antisera or other molecular species. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Strobaugh, T P AU - Medina, M B AU - Gehring, A G AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, pfratamico@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 571 EP - 576 VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - protein A KW - protein B KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Biosensors KW - Antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - W2 32250:Others KW - J 02701:Apparatus KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+using+a+surface+plasmon+resonance+biosensor&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BStrobaugh%2C+T+P%3BMedina%2C+M+B%3BGehring%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Biosensors; Antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporation of nisin into a meat binding system to inhibit bacteria on beef surfaces AN - 16554876; 4394931 AB - In two separate experiments, the bacteriocin, nisin, was incorporated into a commercially available meat binding system (Fibrimex registered ) and applied to meat surfaces as a way of inhibiting the meat spoilage organism, Brochothrix thermosphacta during extended refrigerated storage. In experiment 1, pre-rigor lean beef carcass tissue (BCT) was inoculated with B. thermosphacta, left untreated (U), treated with 10 mu g ml super(-1) nisin (N), Fibrimex registered (F) or Fibrimex registered containing 10 mu g ml super(-1) nisin (FN), held aerobically at 4 degree C for up to 7 d, and populations of B. thermosphacta and nisin activity determined. Experiment 2 determined the effects of the same treatments but on post-rigor, frozen and thawed lean BCT that was inoculated, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 4 degree C for up to 14 d. In both experiments, N- and FN-treated tissues exhibited significantly lower populations of B. thermosphacta compared to U- and F-treated tissues, for the duration of refrigerated storage. Nisin activity was detected up to 7 d in N- and FN-treated samples from experiment 1. However, activity was detected only to days 0 and 2 in FN- and N-treated samples, respectively, from experiment 2. These studies indicate that the addition of a bacteriocin to a meat binding system and application to meat surfaces may be useful in reducing undesirable bacteria in restructured meat products. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Cutter, C N AU - Siragusa, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, PO Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, cutter@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 19 EP - 23 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Brochothrix thermosphacta KW - bacteriocins KW - food spoilage KW - meat KW - nisin KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Beef KW - Brochotrhrix thermosphacta KW - Microbial contamination KW - Preservatives KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16554876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Incorporation+of+nisin+into+a+meat+binding+system+to+inhibit+bacteria+on+beef+surfaces&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C+N%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brochotrhrix thermosphacta; Microbial contamination; Preservatives; Beef ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using solid phase micro extraction procedures AN - 16553983; 4373528 AB - Geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are algae metabolites with muddy/musty odors which contaminate water supplies and can be absorbed by aquatic organisms. Humans can perceive them in water and aquatic food products at ng/l (parts per trillion) concentrations. A rapid method employing solid phase micro extraction (SPME) has been developed for the analysis of GSM and MIB in water. Routine quantification at mu g/l concentrations can be accomplished using gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (FID) on a 6 ml aqueous sample with a total analysis time of less than 15 min. Concentration levels of MIB and GSM at 10 ng/l (parts per trillion) can be detected under optimal conditions employing GC/MS in selected ion monitoring mode. Standard solutions and water samples from MIB producing algae cultures were used to compare SPME against purge and trap (P&T) using both flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Results obtained from SPME and P&T were similar in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity. This paper reports a simple, rapid method for monitoring the algal production of MIB and GSM at the mu g/l range which can be extended to the drinking water levels at the ng/l range of concentrations. JF - Water Research AU - Lloyd, S W AU - Lea, J M AU - Zimba, P V AU - Grimm, C C AD - USDA-ARS-SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, slloydola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 2140 EP - 2146 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - 2-Methylisoborneol KW - geosmin KW - muddy odor KW - musty odor KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Water Resources Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Chromatography KW - Food contamination KW - Water quality standards KW - Water analysis KW - Water pollution KW - Water supply KW - Analytical methods KW - Monitoring KW - Algae KW - K 03059:Algae KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - R 18130:Apparatus & methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16553983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Rapid+analysis+of+geosmin+and+2-methylisoborneol+in+water+using+solid+phase+micro+extraction+procedures&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+S+W%3BLea%2C+J+M%3BZimba%2C+P+V%3BGrimm%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromatography; Water quality standards; Monitoring; Food contamination; Water analysis; Water pollution; Algae; Analytical methods; Water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Hybridization Probe for Endoparasitism by Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16552965; 4364595 AB - We describe a DNA hybridization assay for an insect endoparasitoid. The probe is a digoxigenin-labeled 438 bp fragment from a genomic library of the braconid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), a larval endoparasitoid of heliothine noctuids. The assay is run on nylon membranes and can detect 125 pg of target DNA. Estimates of parasitization rate in large samples of simultaneously parasitized larvae of the host Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), made by hybridization probe assay of unamplified host homogenates and by dissection, are not statistically distinguishable for 1st or 2nd instar parasitoids. It should be possible to perform the entire procedure, from host collection and DNA extraction to evaluation of assay results, in 1 d, making this prototype technology useful as a monitoring and management tool. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Greenstone, M H AU - Edwards, MJ AD - USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, 1503 South Providence, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 415 EP - 421 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Bollworm KW - Braconid wasps KW - assays KW - dissection KW - endoparasitism KW - endoparasitoids KW - genomes KW - hosts KW - methodology KW - monitoring KW - nucleotide sequence KW - probes KW - statistical analysis KW - technology KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Parasitism KW - Braconidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Larvae KW - Methodology KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - Parasitoids KW - DNA probes KW - Hybridization analysis KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=DNA+Hybridization+Probe+for+Endoparasitism+by+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Greenstone%2C+M+H%3BEdwards%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Greenstone&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Helicoverpa zea; Hymenoptera; Microplitis croceipes; Parasitism; Hybridization analysis; Parasitoids; Larvae; DNA probes; Methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of bacterial stem rot, caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi, on field-grown tomato in Florida AN - 16552473; 4371174 AB - In September 1997, wilted 4-week-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were observed in a commercial production field in St. Lucie County, FL. Closer inspection of affected plants revealed hollow stems and petioles with dark, water-soaked lesions. Diseased tissue was macerated and streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) and crystal violet pectate (CVP) agar. After incubation for 2 days at 30 degree C, isolates produced pits on the CVP agar. Isolates were transferred onto NA and the incubation and transfer procedure was performed two additional times to obtain pure cultures. Suspensions of bacterial cells were injected into tomato and tobacco leaves to test for a hypersensitive or pathogenic reaction. Isolates produced collapsed necrotic tissue on tomato while no reaction was observed on tobacco. Tests for differentiating species and subspecies in the 'carotovora' group of Erwinia were conducted following the protocol of Dickey and Kelman. With known cultures of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi as controls, the isolate from tomato was determined to function as a facultative anaerobe, utilize asparagine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and give positive reactions for pectate degradation, phosphatase, and growth at 37 degree C. Known cultures of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, and the tomato isolate were grown on trypticase soy broth agar for 24 h at 28 degree C and their cellular fatty acids derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Statistical analyses of FAME profile data (MIDI Microbial Identification System, Newark, DE, version 3.60) identified the tomato isolate as Erwinia chrysanthemi. Pathogenicity was determined by inoculating 50-day-old tomato plants (cv. SunPride) with a suspension of E. chrysanthemi obtained from nutrient broth plates incubated at 24 degree C for 60 h. Three plants each were inoculated with the E. chrysanthemi identified from tomato, sterile water, and known cultures of E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by placing a drop at the junction of the petiole and stem and passing a sterile needle through the drop into the stem. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse. Dark, water-soaked cankers were observed on the stems of plants inoculated with E. chrysanthemi, including the tomato isolate and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, after 7 days. No symptoms were observed on plants inoculated with sterile water. Reisolation of the pathogen and identification was performed with tissue from one of the symptomatic inoculated plants. Analyses of FAMEs confirmed E. chrysanthemi as the causal agent. This is the first report of E. chrysanthemi causing a vascular disease of field-grown tomato in Florida. JF - Plant Disease AU - Chellemi, DO AU - Dankers, HA AU - Hill, K AU - Cullen, R E AU - Simone, G W AU - Gooch, MD AU - Allingham, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 831 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Dickey and Kelman KW - FAME KW - USA, Florida, St. Lucie County KW - fatty acid methyl ester KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Erwinia carotovora KW - Fatty acids KW - Stem rot KW - Erwinia chrysanthemi KW - Rot KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+bacterial+stem+rot%2C+caused+by+Erwinia+chrysanthemi%2C+on+field-grown+tomato+in+Florida&rft.au=Chellemi%2C+DO%3BDankers%2C+HA%3BHill%2C+K%3BCullen%2C+R+E%3BSimone%2C+G+W%3BGooch%2C+MD%3BAllingham%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Chellemi&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia carotovora; Erwinia chrysanthemi; Lycopersicon esculentum; Fatty acids; Stem rot; Rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of 2,4-D and fluometuron in cover crop residues AN - 16548791; 4350273 AB - Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) residues. Transformation of fluometuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-( alpha , alpha , alpha -trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea) was also evaluated in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiforum Lam.) residues. Microflora associated with herbicide-desiccated hairy vetch and rye residues were 100-fold or greater than soils. Microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and respiration) were 6-fold or greater in hairy vetch and rye residues than soil. In 14-d studies, 78 to 82% versus 28 to 40% of super(14)C-carboxyl-labelled 2,4-D and 48 to 60% versus 5 to 17% of super(14)C-ring-labelled 2,4-D were mineralized in soil and crop residues, respectively. Fluometuron can be degraded by N-demethylation in ryegrass residues at rates similar to soil, however, high moisture content was required. Degradation of herbicides in cover crop residues was most likely due to limited bioavailability rather than biological activity. JF - Chemosphere AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Locke, MA AU - Smeda, R J AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 87 EP - 101 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Lolium multiforum KW - Secale cereale KW - Vicia villosa KW - fluometuron KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - 2,4-D KW - Biodegradation KW - Microbial activity KW - Herbicides KW - Crops KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+2%2C4-D+and+fluometuron+in+cover+crop+residues&rft.au=Zablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BLocke%2C+MA%3BSmeda%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Zablotowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lolium multiforum; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Crops; Herbicides; Microbial activity; Biodegradation; 2,4-D ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of a potyvirus of the bean yellow mosaic virus subgroup in Sesbania speciosa germ plasm AN - 16527736; 4371165 AB - A plant of Sesbania speciosa with leaf mosaic and distortion symptoms was identified in a germ plasm regeneration plot at Griffin, Georgia. The Sesbania virus produced mild or moderate mosaic symptoms on Glycine max cvs. Bragg and Tracy M, Lupinus albus, Nicotiana benthamiana, Pisum sativum cv. Perfected Wales, Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Black Turtle, Bountiful, and Pinto, and did not infect N. tabacum. Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) and pea mosaic potyvirus (PMV) do not infect Perfected Wales pea and they produce mosaic, distortion, and necrosis on white lupine. The PMV strain tested produced much more severe symptoms on the three green beans, with top necrosis on Pinto. BYMV produced local latent infection of N. tabacum and BYMV and PMV produced mosaic with distortion on N. benthamiana. The Sesbania virus was seed-transmitted at a low rate in S. speciosa. Indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests with a general potyvirus monoclonal antibody and BYMV and white lupine mosaic virus (WLMV) polyclonal antisera were strongly positive. Tests of the Sesbania virus against a monoclonal antibody panel suggests that it is not BYMV or any of the previously described subgroup members, but is a member of the BYMV subgroup. This is the first report of a seedborne BYMV-like virus of Sesbania spp. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, AG Jr AU - Hopkins AU - Pinnow, D L AU - Jordan, R L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 807 EP - 810 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pea KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+a+potyvirus+of+the+bean+yellow+mosaic+virus+subgroup+in+Sesbania+speciosa+germ+plasm&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+AG+Jr%3BHopkins%3BPinnow%2C+D+L%3BJordan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of a latent potyvirus seedborne in guar and of guar green-sterile virus AN - 16525988; 4371157 AB - A symptomless, seedborne potyvirus was isolated from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) germ plasm in Griffin, Georgia. The host range and serology were similar to those reported for guar green-sterile virus (GGSV) and guar symptomless virus. Biological, serological, and molecular comparisons of the Georgia isolate and the South African GGSV indicate they are similar and are closely related to bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV). The Georgia isolate is seed-transmitted at a rate of up to 94% in guar line PI 340385. Sequence analysis of the capsid protein (CP) gene and the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) showed that both isolates are 96% homologous. GenBank searches indicate that both are related to various strains of BCMV. The highest CP nucleotide sequence and 3'-UTR identities of 91 and 93%, respectively, were with those of BCMV-NL4. On this basis, both isolates from guar should be considered as strains of BCMV. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, A G AU - Pappu, H R AU - Jain, R K AU - Rey, MEC AU - Hopkins AU - Pinnow, D L AU - Morris, J B AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 765 EP - 770 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Georgia KW - genes KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+a+latent+potyvirus+seedborne+in+guar+and+of+guar+green-sterile+virus&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+A+G%3BPappu%2C+H+R%3BJain%2C+R+K%3BRey%2C+MEC%3BHopkins%3BPinnow%2C+D+L%3BMorris%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase and patterns of spread of citrus tristeza virus infections in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic in the presence of the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida AN - 16521221; 4342236 AB - Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was monitored for 4 years by monoclonal antibody probes via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in four citrus orchards in northern Costa Rica and four orchards in the Dominican Republic following the introduction of the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida. The Gompertz nonlinear model was selected as the most appropriate in most cases to describe temporal increase of CTV. Ordinary runs analysis for association of CTV-positive trees failed to show a spatial relationship of virus status among immediately adjacent trees within or across rows. The beta-binomial index of dispersion for various quadrat sizes suggested aggregations of CTV-positive trees for all plots within the quadrat sizes tested. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of proximity patterns suggested that aggregation often existed among quadrats of various sizes up to four lag distances; however, significant lag positions discontinuous from the main proximity pattern were rare. Some asymmetry was also detected for some spatial autocorrelation proximity patterns. These results were interpreted to mean that, although CTV-positive trees did not often influence immediately adjacent trees, virus transmission was common within a local area of influence that extended two to eight trees in all directions. Where asymmetry was indicated, this area of influence was somewhat elliptical. The spatial and temporal analyses gave some insight into possible underlying processes of CTV spread in the presence of T. citricida and suggested CTV spread was predominantly to trees within a local area. Patterns of longer-distance spread were not detected within the confines of the plot sizes tested. Longer-distance spread probably exists, but may well be of a complexity beyond the detection ability of the spatial analysis methods employed, or perhaps is on a scale larger than the dimensions of the plots studied. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Garnsey, S M AU - Borbon, J AD - USDA-ARS, Orlando, FL 32803, USA, gott@magicnet.net Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 621 EP - 636 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Aphids KW - Costa Rica KW - Dominican Rep. KW - Dominican Republic KW - Homoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Increase+and+patterns+of+spread+of+citrus+tristeza+virus+infections+in+Costa+Rica+and+the+Dominican+Republic+in+the+presence+of+the+brown+citrus+aphid%2C+Toxoptera+citricida&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BGarnsey%2C+S+M%3BBorbon%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium accumulation by Brassica napus grown in Se-laden soil from different depths of Kesterson Reservoir AN - 16504128; 4394050 AB - Selenium (Se) may be present in soils and sediments in high concentrations and yet not be mobile or available for plant uptake. Phytoremediation of Se by canola (Brassica napus) was evaluated in sediment from Kesterson Reservoir at three different depths (0 to 30, 30 to 60, 60 to 90 cm) under greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse study, total soil Se concentrations at preplant ranged from 10 to 112 mg kg super(-1). Shoot Se concentrations of canola were 182, 53, and 19 mg kg super(-1) DM in the 0 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm depths, respectively. Percentages of Se accumulated by canola relative to total Se loss in the soil at postharvest were as high as 24%. In the field study, total soil Se concentrations were as high as 26 mg kg super(-1) soil. Field-grown canola accumulated approximately 50 mg kg super(-1) DM, which accounted for less than 10% of total Se lost in the soil at postharvest. Phytoremediation of Se-laden soils under field conditions was about 50% of that observed under controlled greenhouse conditions. This relationship may be useful for prediction of field remediation operation using greenhouse generated data. JF - Journal of Soil Contamination AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Ajwa, HA AU - Wu, L AU - Zambrzuski, S AD - USDA, ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 481 EP - 496 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1058-8337, 1058-8337 KW - Brassica napus KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.atitle=Selenium+accumulation+by+Brassica+napus+grown+in+Se-laden+soil+from+different+depths+of+Kesterson+Reservoir&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BAjwa%2C+HA%3BWu%2C+L%3BZambrzuski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.issn=10588337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Phytoremediation: Current views on an emerging green technology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural and functional properties of the hsp16.4-bearing plasmid pER341 in Streptococcus thermophilus AN - 16492299; 4387718 AB - The plasmid pER341 (2798 bp) of Streptococcus thermophilus ST134 was sequenced and its open reading frame (ORF) regions were characterized. Analysis of nucleotide sequences showed the putative translation product of ORF1 (rep) sharing a high level of homology with replication proteins of several small plasmids present in lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci. This and homology of regions of plus-strand (ORI) and minus-strand (ssoA) origin of replication with pC194-class plasmids indicated that pER341 replicates by the rolling-circle mechanism. ORF2 corresponded to a putative hsp gene that apparently encodes Hsp16.4, a 142-amino-acid heat stress protein. Hsp16.4 shared significant identity with other small, 18-kDa-class heat stress proteins from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. Hsp16.4 is apparently the first plasmidborne low-molecular-weight heat stress protein reported in dairy fermentation bacteria with a potential role in temperature-regulated functions in S. thermophilus. JF - Plasmid AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Steinberg, D H AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, gsomkuti@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 61 EP - 72 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - DNA KW - Hsp16.4 protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - hsp gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - plasmid pER341 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16492299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Structural+and+functional+properties+of+the+hsp16.4-bearing+plasmid+pER341+in+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agents, vehicles, and causal inference in bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks: 82 reports (1986-1995). AN - 79963748; 9638185 AB - To examine the study design of, and the practice of causal inference in, investigations of bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks occurring in the United States and to summarize agents and vehicles identified. Retrospective study. An online medical reference database was searched for reports of bacterial foodborne disease outbreak investigations published between 1986 and 1995. Reports were retrieved and reviewed for use of 9 causal criteria in investigations. Information on etiologic agents, vehicles, seasonality, and primary study design from each outbreak was also retrieved. 82 reports were retrieved and reviewed. Coherence, consistency, temporality, and strength of association were the causal criteria most commonly used in foodborne disease outbreak investigations. Coherence was used in all investigations. The number of criteria used ranged from 3 to 7. Meat (n = 20) and eggs (12) were the most commonly implicated vehicles. Salmonella sp and Escherichia coli O157:H7 accounted for 55% of agents reportedly isolated. Cohort and case-control methods were the most common study designs. Patterns were found in the use of causal criteria in foodborne disease outbreak investigations. These criteria can provide veterinarians and other public health practitioners with a means to effectively conceptualize, communicate, and summarize causal conclusions. The 4 most commonly used criteria may represent core criteria that investigators consider most useful in explaining food-borne disease outbreaks. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Petersen, K E AU - James, W O AD - Emerging Pathogens and Zoonotic Diseases Division, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. Y1 - 1998/06/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 15 SP - 1874 EP - 1881 VL - 212 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Animals KW - Research Design -- statistics & numerical data KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - MEDLINE KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79963748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Agents%2C+vehicles%2C+and+causal+inference+in+bacterial+foodborne+disease+outbreaks%3A+82+reports+%281986-1995%29.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+K+E%3BJames%2C+W+O&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-06-15&rft.volume=212&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment treatments affect the relationships among nutrition, productivity and competing vegetation of loblolly pine saplings on a Gulf Coastal Plain site AN - 16370282; 4293673 AB - After cultural treatments such as site preparation, release and fertilization, changes in the supply of mineral nutrients relative to each other and shifts in the composition of vegetation may have a delayed effect on the nutrition, carbon partitioning and growth of forest trees. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of early management options that control vegetation and fertility on the nutrition and productivity of a young loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a phosphorus-deficient site in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Two levels each of herbicide application, fertilization and litter addition were applied in a factorial arrangement to three open-pollinated families of newly planted loblolly pine seedlings. Competing vegetation was evaluated after three growing seasons, loblolly pine nutrition and tannin synthesis were evaluated after four growing seasons and loblolly pine productivity was quantified after five growing seasons. Fertilization and herbicide application increased the growth and decreased the foliar tannin concentration of loblolly pine. Herbicide application also increased the potassium concentration of loblolly pine foliage. A negative correlation between foliar tannin and potassium concentrations was found on plots that were fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus. On southern pine sites that are fertilized with phosphorus, the accelerated growth of planted pine and invading vegetation may create new nutrient limitations. Where phosphorus is limiting, however, nutrient utilization may not be great enough for new deficiencies to develop. Loblolly pine stand productivity and foliar nutrient concentrations were affected by genetic family and the foliar calcium and magnesium concentrations of loblolly pine families responded differently to the establishment treatments. We also found that the establishment treatments influenced the occurrence of herbaceous and woody competitors. We hypothesize that corresponding treatment effects on exchangeable cation concentrations and pH of the soil were caused by changes in vegetation. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Sword, MA AU - Tiarks, A E AU - Haywood, J D AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1998/06/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 15 SP - 175 EP - 188 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 105 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - USA KW - tannins KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16370282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Establishment+treatments+affect+the+relationships+among+nutrition%2C+productivity+and+competing+vegetation+of+loblolly+pine+saplings+on+a+Gulf+Coastal+Plain+site&rft.au=Sword%2C+MA%3BTiarks%2C+A+E%3BHaywood%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Sword&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-06-15&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids AN - 16418656; 4327202 AB - In response to insect herbivore, plants synthesize and emit blends of volatile compounds from their damaged and undamaged tissues, which act as important host-location cues for parasitic insects. Here we use chemical and behavioural assays to show that these plant emissions can transmit herbivore-specific information that is detectable by parasitic wasps (parasitoids). Tobacco, cotton and maize plants each produce distinct volatile blends in response to damage by two closely related herbivore species, Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea. The specialist parasitic wasp Cardiochiles nigriceps exploits these differences to distinguish infestation by its host, H. virescens, from that by H. zea. The production by phylogenetically diverse plant species and the exploitation by parasitoids of highly specific chemical signals, keyed to individual herbivore species, indicates that the interaction between plants and the natural enemies of the herbivores that attack them is more sophisticated than previously realized. JF - Nature AU - De Moraes, CM AU - Lewis, W J AU - Pare, P W AU - Alborn, H T AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, IBPMRL, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, WJL@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/06/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 11 SP - 570 EP - 573 PB - Macmillan Journals Ltd. VL - 393 IS - 6685 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16418656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Herbivore-infested+plants+selectively+attract+parasitoids&rft.au=De+Moraes%2C+CM%3BLewis%2C+W+J%3BPare%2C+P+W%3BAlborn%2C+H+T%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=De+Moraes&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.date=1998-06-11&rft.volume=393&rft.issue=6685&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of an oligonucleotide that hybridizes to DNA sequences interspersed in the genome of members of the genusPhytophthora as an adjunct to morphological criteria in species identification AN - 815536396; 13860437 AB - An oligonucleotide (primer), designed from a conserved region of the multi-allelicb locus of the basidiomycete fungusUstilago maydis, generated reproducible PCR fingerprints inPhytophthora species. The primer hybridized in a species-specific manner to nucleotide sequences interspersed in the genome of the closely related members ofPhytophthora taxonomic group IV. We recommend the use of this PCR procedure as an alternative method for resolving the close taxonomic affinity of some members of the genusPhytophthora. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Scott, David AU - Clark, Clarence AU - Fyffe, Andrea AU - Walker, Michon AU - Tooley, Paul AU - Maas, John AU - Deahl, Ken AD - Vegetable Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, dscottl906@aol.com dscottl906@aol.com dscottl906@aol.com dscottl906@aol.com dscottl906@aol.com dscottl906@aol.com Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 273 EP - 276 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Oligonucleotides KW - N 14810:Methods KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+an+oligonucleotide+that+hybridizes+to+DNA+sequences+interspersed+in+the+genome+of+members+of+the+genusPhytophthora+as+an+adjunct+to+morphological+criteria+in+species+identification&rft.au=Scott%2C+David%3BClark%2C+Clarence%3BFyffe%2C+Andrea%3BWalker%2C+Michon%3BTooley%2C+Paul%3BMaas%2C+John%3BDeahl%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02915800 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Nucleotide sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Oligonucleotides; Basidiomycetes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02915800 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of two piperidine alkaloid-containing lupines (L. formosus and L. arbustus) in cows. AN - 80035150; 9678187 AB - Cleft palate and minor front limb contractures were induced in calves by maternal ingestion of the piperidine alkaloid-containing lupines, Lupinus formosus and L. arbustus. Crooked calf disease, which includes an occasional cleft palate, is a congenital condition of widespread occurrence in cattle in the western U.S. and Canada. It is known to occur after maternal ingestion of certain species of Lupinus during specific gestational periods. Although many lupine species contain quinolizidine alkaloids including the teratogenic alkaloid anagyrine, L. formosus and L. arbustus produce piperidine alkaloids including the reported teratogen ammodendrine. In addition to ammodendrine, L. formosus contains both N-acetyl hystrine and N-methyl ammodendrine, whereas L. arbustus contains ammodendrine, trace amounts of N-methyl ammodendrine, and no N-acetyl hystrine. L. formosus and L. arbustus were fed to pregnant cows at equivalent ammodendrine doses during a 10-day period from days 40-50 of gestation. One calf from a cow fed L. formosus had a full cleft palate. Embryonic death and resorption of one fetus and minor front limb contractures (arthrogryposis) in another calf occurred with two cows fed L. arbustus. Alkaloid analysis of blood samples taken during the feeding period, and up to and including 48 hours after the last dose, demonstrated comparative plasma elimination times with N-methyl ammodendrine > ammodendrine > N-acetyl hystrine. The objectives of this experiment were to: 1) determine if N-acetyl hystrine is a potential teratogen; and 2) define the narrow cleft palate induction period in cows. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Panter, K E AU - Gardner, D R AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84341, USA. kpanter@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 131 EP - 140 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Dihydropyridines KW - N-acetylhystrine KW - N-methylammodendrine KW - Piperidines KW - Pyridines KW - Teratogens KW - ammodendrine KW - 494-15-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Idaho KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Gestational Age KW - Alkaloids -- blood KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Pregnancy KW - Dihydropyridines -- analysis KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Pyridines -- analysis KW - Piperidines -- analysis KW - Teratogens -- analysis KW - Dihydropyridines -- toxicity KW - Fetal Death -- veterinary KW - Pyridines -- toxicity KW - Cleft Palate -- veterinary KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Arthrogryposis -- veterinary KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80035150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+and+fetotoxic+effects+of+two+piperidine+alkaloid-containing+lupines+%28L.+formosus+and+L.+arbustus%29+in+cows.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topics in microbial risk assessment: dynamic flow tree process. AN - 80001568; 9664727 AB - Microbial risk assessment is emerging as a new discipline in risk assessment. A systematic approach to microbial risk assessment is presented that employs data analysis for developing parsimonious models and accounts formally for the variability and uncertainty of model inputs using analysis of variance and Monte Carlo simulation. The purpose of the paper is to raise and examine issues in conducting microbial risk assessments. The enteric pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 was selected as an example for this study due to its significance to public health. The framework for our work is consistent with the risk assessment components described by the National Research Council in 1983 (hazard identification; exposure assessment; dose-response assessment; and risk characterization). Exposure assessment focuses on hamburgers, cooked a range of temperatures from rare to well done, the latter typical for fast food restaurants. Features of the model include predictive microbiology components that account for random stochastic growth and death of organisms in hamburger. For dose-response modeling, Shigella data from human feeding studies were used as a surrogate for E. coli O157:H7. Risks were calculated using a threshold model and an alternative nonthreshold model. The 95% probability intervals for risk of illness for product cooked to a given internal temperature spanned five orders of magnitude for these models. The existence of even a small threshold has a dramatic impact on the estimated risk. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Marks, H M AU - Coleman, M E AU - Lin, C T AU - Roberts, T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 309 EP - 328 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Shigella -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Models, Biological KW - Shigella -- pathogenicity KW - Eating KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cattle KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Shigella -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80001568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Topics+in+microbial+risk+assessment%3A+dynamic+flow+tree+process.&rft.au=Marks%2C+H+M%3BColeman%2C+M+E%3BLin%2C+C+T%3BRoberts%2C+T&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delivery of ivermectin by injectable microspheres. AN - 79976286; 9650514 AB - A bioabsorbable, injectable microsphere formulation containing ivermectin in poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (PLA/PGA) was developed to provide long-lasting delivery of the drug for control of livestock pests. A solvent-evaporation technique was used to produce the spherical beads containing approximately 30% ivermectin and ranging in size from 25-250 microns. The pattern of delivery of the drug into the blood stream of Spanish goats was characterized for a 50:50 PLA/PGA, a 90:10 PLA/PGA copolymer formulation, and a PLA monomer formulation. When the 50:50 PLA/PGA formulation was used in cattle at the rate of 2 mg (AI)/kg body weight, 2 peaks of 45-50 ppb of ivermectin in serum were observed. The 1st peak was at approximately 1 wk after injection and the 2nd peak, which was broader than the 1st, occurred at approximately 6-7 wk after injection. Percentage of inhibition of estimated larvae for the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), placed on treated cattle was 100% for the first 8 wk after injection and was 75, 57, 46 and 44% for wk 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. The treatment provided 98-100% control of larval horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), in the manure of treated cattle for 10 wk. The bioassay results against lone star ticks and larval horn flies were in agreement with the serum concentration data. The injectable microsphere formulation of ivermectin should be useful in a variety of other applications ranging from the control of Boophilus spp. ticks in south Texas to heartworms in pets. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Miller, J A AU - Oehler, D D AU - Pound, J M AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-REE-ARS, SPA, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 655 EP - 659 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Ticks KW - Diptera KW - Goats -- blood KW - Ivermectin -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle -- blood KW - Microspheres KW - Ivermectin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ivermectin -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79976286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Delivery+of+ivermectin+by+injectable+microspheres.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+A%3BOehler%2C+D+D%3BPound%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association of oral contraceptive use with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. AN - 79943579; 9627916 AB - This analysis was conducted to compare wintertime 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels of young women who did and did not use oral contraceptives (OC). The subjects were 66 Caucasian women aged 20 through 40 recruited from the Boston area. Plasma 25OHD was measured in February or March and again 1 year later. Other measurements included height, weight and vitamin D intake from diet and supplements. The initial mean 25OHD level of the 26 OC users was 41% higher than those of nonusers before adjustment for age and vitamin D intake (83 +/- 40 (sd) nmol/L compared with 59 +/- 22), and 39% higher after adjustment (p = 0.003). Five women who discontinued OC use during the year following their initial measurement all had decreases in their 25OHD levels (mean change was -25.5 +/- 17.7 (SD) nmol/L), whereas levels in women whose OC use or non-use was constant did not change. OC use increases circulating levels of 25OHD, and should be considered when interpreting values obtained for clinical evaluation or nutrition research. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Harris, S S AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 282 EP - 284 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Progestins KW - Ethinyl Estradiol KW - 423D2T571U KW - Calcifediol KW - P6YZ13C99Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - United States KW - North America KW - Americas KW - Research Methodology KW - Physiology KW - Research Report KW - Oral Contraceptives KW - Studies KW - Contraceptive Methods KW - Developed Countries KW - Northern America KW - Contraception KW - Massachusetts KW - Vitamins KW - Micronutrients KW - Family Planning KW - Comparative Studies KW - Biology KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Progestins -- administration & dosage KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Calcifediol -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79943579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=The+association+of+oral+contraceptive+use+with+plasma+25-hydroxyvitamin+D+levels.&rft.au=Harris%2C+S+S%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Copper absorption, excretion, and retention by young men consuming low dietary copper determined by using the stable isotope 65Cu. AN - 79933115; 9625096 AB - A study was conducted in young men to evaluate the effect of a low-copper diet on copper absorption, excretion, and retention. Eleven young men were confined to a metabolic research unit for 90 d. The study was divided into three periods, with dietary copper as the only variable. Dietary copper intake was 0.66 mg/d for 24 d, 0.38 mg/d for 42 d, and 2.49 mg/d for 24 d. The stable isotope 65Cu was fed to five of the subjects once during the first and last dietary period and twice, early and late, in the second period to determine copper absorption. 65Cu was infused into an arm vein of the other six subjects once during each dietary period to estimate excretion of endogenous copper. Total copper and 65Cu were determined by isotope dilution with thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. Fractional absorption was significantly higher during the low-copper period than in either period with higher dietary copper and excretion of the infused isotope was significantly lower in the low-copper period. Subjects were in negative balance early in the first two periods but achieved balance by the end of those periods. They retained copper during the highest dietary copper period (third period). The results suggest that endogenous copper excretion is a major point of regulation of the body's copper stores. Regulation of absorption and of endogenous excretion in response to dietary copper intake helps to protect against deficiency and toxicity. However, this regulation was not sufficient to maintain copper status at the lowest intake of dietary copper, 0.38 mg/d. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Turnlund, J R AU - Keyes, W R AU - Peiffer, G L AU - Scott, K C AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA. jturnlun@whnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 1219 EP - 1225 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Isotopes KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Administration, Oral KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Diet KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Copper -- pharmacokinetics KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Copper -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79933115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Copper+absorption%2C+excretion%2C+and+retention+by+young+men+consuming+low+dietary+copper+determined+by+using+the+stable+isotope+65Cu.&rft.au=Turnlund%2C+J+R%3BKeyes%2C+W+R%3BPeiffer%2C+G+L%3BScott%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Turnlund&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of zinc phosphide residues in corn (Zea mays) grain, fodder, and forage. AN - 79904931; 9606264 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Goodall, M J AU - Volz, S A AU - Johnston, J J AU - Hurlbut, D B AU - Mauldin, R E AU - Griffin, D L AU - Petty, E E AD - USDA/APHIS/National Wildlife Research Center, Analytical Chemistry Project, 3350 Eastbrook Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 877 EP - 884 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Phosphines KW - Rodenticides KW - Zinc Compounds KW - zinc phosphide KW - 813396S1PC KW - Index Medicus KW - Quality Control KW - Rodenticides -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Zinc Compounds -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Phosphines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79904931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+zinc+phosphide+residues+in+corn+%28Zea+mays%29+grain%2C+fodder%2C+and+forage.&rft.au=Goodall%2C+M+J%3BVolz%2C+S+A%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BHurlbut%2C+D+B%3BMauldin%2C+R+E%3BGriffin%2C+D+L%3BPetty%2C+E+E&rft.aulast=Goodall&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating soil hydraulic properties from transient cone permeameter data AN - 52586337; 1998-047175 JF - Soil Science AU - Kodesova, Radka AU - Gibb, Molly M AU - Limunek, Jiri Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 436 EP - 453 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 163 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - transient methods KW - hydrology KW - sand KW - permeameters KW - characteristic curves KW - penetration tests KW - clastic sediments KW - unsaturated zone KW - techniques KW - mathematical models KW - inverse problem KW - simulation KW - aquifers KW - models KW - laboratory studies KW - cone permeameters KW - sediments KW - retention KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52586337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+soil+hydraulic+properties+from+transient+cone+permeameter+data&rft.au=Kodesova%2C+Radka%3BGibb%2C+Molly+M%3BLimunek%2C+Jiri&rft.aulast=Kodesova&rft.aufirst=Radka&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; characteristic curves; clastic sediments; cone permeameters; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; inverse problem; laboratory studies; mathematical models; models; penetration tests; permeameters; retention; sand; sediments; simulation; techniques; transient methods; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface drainage processes and management impacts AN - 52463864; 1999-049414 AB - Storm-induced streamflow in forested upland watersheds is linked to rainfall by transient, variably saturated flow through several different flow paths. In the absence of exposed bedrock, shallow flow-restrictive layers, or compacted soil surfaces, virtually all of the infiltrated rainfall reaches the stream as subsurface flow. Subsurface runoff can occur within micropores (voids between soil grains), various types of macropores (structural voids between aggregates, plant and animal-induced biopores), and through fractures in weathered and consolidated bedrock. In addition to generating flow through the subsurface, transient rain events can also cause large increase in fluid pressures within a hillslope. If pore pressures exceed stability limits of soils and shallow geologic materials, landslides and debris flows may result. Subsurface monitoring of pipeflows and pore pressures in unchanneled swales at North Fork Caspar Creek in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest began in 1985. Four sites have been established to investigate the effects of timber harvest (K1 and K2) and road building (E-road) for comparison with an unmanaged control drainage (M1). Flow through large soil pipes at these sites is highly transient in response to storm events, reaching peak discharges on the order of 100 to 1,000 L min (super -1) . Pore pressures at these sites also respond dynamically to transient rain events, but to date have not exceeded slope stability limits. Most soil pipes cease flowing in the dry summer period and hillslope soil moisture declines to far below saturation. The clearcut logging and skyline-cable yarding of the K2 site resulted in dramatic increases in soil pipeflow and subsurface pore pressures. During the first 4 years after timber harvest, pore pressures increased 9 to 35 percent for the mean peak storm event in the control M1 site. Peak soil pipeflow response was far greater, increasing 400 percent in the 4-year postlogging period. These results suggest that the soil pipes are a critical component of subsurface hillslope drainage, acting to moderate the pore pressure response. As the subsoil matrix becomes saturated and pore pressures build, soil pipes efficiently capture excess water and route it to the stream channel. This logging does not appear to have impaired the hillslope drainage function. Methods and results at the E-road site are quite different. Here, the mid-swale road construction and tractor yarding have resulted in large changes in the pore pressure response. Positive pore pressures were negligible in the upper portion of this instrumented swale before disturbance. Subsequent to the road construction in May 1990, there was little indication of immediate impacts. But, after the completion of felling and tractor yarding in late summer 1991, dramatic changes in pore pressure response were observed beginning in hydrologic year 1993 and continuing to date (1998). Largest pore pressure increases have occurred at sensor locations in and up-slope of the road prism. Below the road, the response is muted. These data support previous studies documenting the profound effects of roading and tractor logging on watersheds and provide special insight into these effects for this region. JF - General Technical Report PSW AU - Keppeler, Elizabeth AU - Brown, David AU - Ziemer, Robert R Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 25 EP - 34 PB - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA SN - 0196-2094, 0196-2094 KW - United States KW - watersheds KW - unsaturated zone KW - piping KW - environmental analysis KW - California KW - hydrologic cycle KW - pore pressure KW - movement KW - drainage basins KW - deforestation KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Mendocino County California KW - sedimentation KW - forestry KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - Jackson State Forest KW - land management KW - coastal environment KW - Caspar Creek watershed KW - roads KW - land use KW - Fort Bragg California KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52463864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+Technical+Report+PSW&rft.atitle=Subsurface+drainage+processes+and+management+impacts&rft.au=Keppeler%2C+Elizabeth%3BBrown%2C+David%3BZiemer%2C+Robert+R&rft.aulast=Keppeler&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+Technical+Report+PSW&rft.issn=01962094&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Conference on Coastal watersheds; the Caspar Creek story N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Caspar Creek watershed; coastal environment; deforestation; drainage basins; environmental analysis; fluvial sedimentation; forestry; Fort Bragg California; hydrologic cycle; hydrology; Jackson State Forest; land management; land use; Mendocino County California; movement; piping; pore pressure; roads; sedimentation; soils; United States; unsaturated zone; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate-N concentrations in subsurface drainage water for an intensively farmed large irrigated tract from 1968 through 1993 AN - 52393015; 2000-015556 JF - Proceedings of the Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science AU - Carter, D L AU - Berg, R D AU - Westermann, D T A2 - Bilderback, David E. A2 - Bilderback, Diane E. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 32 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, [San Francisco, CA] VL - 17 IS - 1 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - fertilizers KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - drainage patterns KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - southern Idaho KW - nitrate ion KW - leaching KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52393015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Pacific+Division%2C+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.atitle=Nitrate-N+concentrations+in+subsurface+drainage+water+for+an+intensively+farmed+large+irrigated+tract+from+1968+through+1993&rft.au=Carter%2C+D+L%3BBerg%2C+R+D%3BWestermann%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Pacific+Division%2C+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 79th annual meeting of the AAAS, Pacific Division N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03286 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; concentration; drainage patterns; fertilizers; ground water; Idaho; leaching; nitrate ion; nitrogen; pollutants; pollution; soils; southern Idaho; United States; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical properties of minesoils in West Virginia and their influence on wastewater treatment AN - 52190506; 2001-065185 AB - Wastewater treatment in southern West Virginia is limited by steep terrain and shallow soil. Surface mine reclamation replaces soil materials that may be suitable for wastewater treatment. Two minesoil series, Kaymine (a loamy-skeletal, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Udorthent) and Sewell (a loamy-skeletal, mixed, acid, mesic Typic Udorthent), were selected and soil samples were collected on six reclaimed surface mines to determine texture, bulk density, water retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). Kaymine had more clay and silt and higher moisture retention than Sewell. In A horizons, Kaymine Ksat was about two orders of magnitude faster than Sewell, but Ksat values were highly variable within and among sites. On two reclaimed mine sites (one Sewell and one Kaymine), tapwater or wastewater was surface applied to 9 m (super 2) field plots over 32 wk. Leachate was collected in 50 and 100 cm wells and analyzed for chemical and microbiological properties. On the Sewell minesoil, little water was collected in wells after application, therefore water failed to move adequately in this minesoil. On Kaymine, Fe, Mn, sulfate, and suspended solids were present in all wells, indicating flushing of these materials from minesoils into wells. Nitrate (NO (sub 3) )-N was about two times greater in wastewater than tapwater and this same ratio was found in corresponding wells. Biological oxygen demand was decreased by 87% from wastewater to water in wells. Fecal coliform bacteria were not removed by wastewater passing through Kaymine soils. In general, these minesoils are not suitable for wastewater renovation based on the application methods and rates employed in this study. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Skousen, J AU - Sencindiver, J AU - Owens, K AU - Hoover, S Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 633 EP - 639 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - North America KW - mines KW - waste water KW - moisture KW - reclamation KW - soil treatment KW - Appalachians KW - suspended materials KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - physical properties KW - water treatment KW - bacteria KW - retention KW - coliform bacteria KW - shallow aquifers KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - nitrate ion KW - West Virginia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52190506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Physical+properties+of+minesoils+in+West+Virginia+and+their+influence+on+wastewater+treatment&rft.au=Skousen%2C+J%3BSencindiver%2C+J%3BOwens%2C+K%3BHoover%2C+S&rft.aulast=Skousen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; aquifers; bacteria; coliform bacteria; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; mines; moisture; nitrate ion; North America; physical properties; reclamation; retention; shallow aquifers; soil treatment; soils; suspended materials; United States; waste water; water quality; water treatment; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture for estimation of profile soil property AN - 51535910; 2006-077847 JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Mattikalli, N M AU - Engman, E T AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Jackson, T J Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 1751 EP - 1767 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - United States KW - moisture KW - watersheds KW - vegetation KW - microwave methods KW - spatial distribution KW - geographic information systems KW - Little Washita watershed KW - drainage basins KW - Comanche County Oklahoma KW - climate KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - soil profiles KW - rainfall KW - Electronically Steered Thin Array Radiometer KW - Grady County Oklahoma KW - Oklahoma KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - information systems KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - instruments KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51535910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Microwave+remote+sensing+of+soil+moisture+for+estimation+of+profile+soil+property&rft.au=Mattikalli%2C+N+M%3BEngman%2C+E+T%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BJackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Mattikalli&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01431161.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; climate; Comanche County Oklahoma; drainage basins; Electronically Steered Thin Array Radiometer; geographic information systems; Grady County Oklahoma; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; information systems; instruments; Little Washita watershed; microwave methods; moisture; Oklahoma; rainfall; remote sensing; runoff; soil profiles; soils; spatial distribution; United States; vegetation; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicidal properties, sterol binding, and proteolytic resistance of the synthetic peptide D4E1 AN - 17660701; 4571483 AB - The fungicidal properties of the synthetic peptide D4E1 were studied with nongerminated and germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliforme, and Fusarium oxysporum. The minimal lethal concentrations (MLC) needed to kill 100% of germinating conidia of A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger were 12.5, 12.5, and 25 mu M, respectively. The MLC value for nongerminated and germinating conidia of both Fusarium spp. was 3.0 mu M. Except for A. fumigatus, D4E1 was inactive against the nongerminated conidia of the Aspergillus spp. Physicochemical studies showed D4E1 complexed with ergosterol, a sterol present in conidial walls. Cholesterol, present in nongerminated conidia of F. moniliforme, had a greater affinity for D4E1 than did ergosterol. D4E1 was more resistant to fungal and plant protease degradation than the natural peptide, cecropin A. These in vitro results suggest D4E1 is a candidate for transgenic expression in plants to enhance host resistance to fungal infection. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - De Lucca, AJ AU - Bland, J M AU - Grimm, C AU - Jacks, T J AU - Cary, J W AU - Jaynes, J M AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, adelucca@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 514 EP - 520 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - peptide D4E1 KW - sterols KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Proteolysis KW - Fusarium KW - Aspergillus KW - Transgenic plants KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17660701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Fungicidal+properties%2C+sterol+binding%2C+and+proteolytic+resistance+of+the+synthetic+peptide+D4E1&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+AJ%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BGrimm%2C+C%3BJacks%2C+T+J%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BJaynes%2C+J+M%3BCleveland%2C+TE%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Fusarium; Proteolysis; Transgenic plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species and strain-specific typing of Cryptosporidium parasites in clinical and environmental samples AN - 17577176; 4491902 AB - Cryptosporidiosis has recently attracted attention as an emerging waterborne and foodborne disease as well as an opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals. The lack of genetic information, however, has resulted in confusion in the taxonomy of Cryptosporidium parasites and in the development of molecular tools for the identification and typing of oocysts in environmental samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene has shown that the genus Cryptosporidium comprises several distinct species. Our data show the presence of at least four species: C. parvum, C. muris, C. baileyi and C. serpentis (C. meleagridis, C. nasorum and C. felis were not studied). Within each species, there is some sequence variation. Thus, various genotypes (genotype 1, genotype 2, guinea pig genotype, monkey genotype and koala genotype, etc.) of C. parvum differ from each other in six regions of the SSU rRNA gene. Information on polymorphism in Cryptosporidium parasites has been used in the development of species and strain-specific diagnostic tools. Use of these tools in the characterization of oocysts in various samples indicates that C. parvum genotype 1 is the strain responsible for most human Cryptosporidium infections. In contrast, genotype 2 is probably one of the major sources for environmental contamination, and has been found in most oysters examined from Chesapeake Bay that may serve as biologic monitors of estuarine waters. JF - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz AU - Xiao, Lihua AU - Sulaiman, I AU - Fayer, R AU - Lal, A A AD - Parasite Immunobiology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA PY - 1998 SP - 687 EP - 692 PB - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz SN - 0074-0276, 0074-0276 KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - genotypes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Oocysts KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Pathogens KW - Microbial contamination KW - Freshwater KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Microbiological Studies KW - Water pollution KW - Public health KW - Pollutants KW - Analytical Methods KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Microorganisms KW - Taxonomy KW - Phylogenetics KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17577176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.atitle=Species+and+strain-specific+typing+of+Cryptosporidium+parasites+in+clinical+and+environmental+samples&rft.au=Xiao%2C+Lihua%3BSulaiman%2C+I%3BFayer%2C+R%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=Lihua&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.issn=00740276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protozoan diseases; Microbial contamination; Pathogens; Phylogenetics; Water pollution; Public health; Oocysts; Pollutants; Analytical Methods; Cryptosporidium; Microorganisms; Taxonomy; Microbiological Studies; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Branched absorbing structures (BAS): a feature of the extraradical mycelium of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AN - 17571084; 4480913 AB - The present work describes the morphogenesis and cytological characteristics of 'branched absorbing structures' (BAS, formely named arbuscule-like structures, ALS), small groups of dichotomous hyphae formed by the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Monoxenic cultures of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices Smith & Schenck and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) roots allowed the continuous, non-destructive study of BAS development. These structures were not observed in axenic cultures of the fungus under different nutritional conditions or in unsuccessful (asymbiotic) monoxenic cultures. However, extraradical mycelium of G. intraradices formed BAS immediately after fungal penetration of the host root and establishment of the symbiosis. The average BAS development time was 7 d under our culture conditions, after which they degenerated, becoming empty septate structures. Certain BAS were closely associated with spore formation, appearing at the spore's substending hypha. Branches of these spore-associated BAS (spore-BAS) usually formed spores. Electron microscopy studies revealed that BAS and arbuscules show several ultrastructural similarities. The possible role of BAS in nutrient uptake by the mycorrhizal plant is discussed. JF - New Phytologist AU - Bago, B AU - Azcon-Aguilar, C AU - Goulet, A AU - Piche, Y AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS/USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, bbago@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 375 EP - 388 VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - tomato KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Roots KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Glomus intraradices KW - Nutrient uptake KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Symbiosis KW - Fungi KW - Hyphae KW - Mycelia KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Branched+absorbing+structures+%28BAS%29%3A+a+feature+of+the+extraradical+mycelium+of+symbiotic+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Bago%2C+B%3BAzcon-Aguilar%2C+C%3BGoulet%2C+A%3BPiche%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Bago&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus intraradices; Lycopersicon esculentum; Symbiosis; Mycorrhizas; Mycelia; Fungi; Hyphae; Roots; Nutrient uptake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of bacterial antagonists of Erwinia amylovora on pear and apple blossoms as influenced by inoculum preparation AN - 17563016; 4352559 AB - The influence of inoculum preparation on the establishment of bacterial antagonists that suppress fire blight and Erwinia amylovora on blossoms was evaluated. Aqueous suspensions of Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, E. herbicola C9-1R, or E. amylovora 153N were prepared from cells harvested from the surface of an agar medium or from cells that were lyophilized after culture under similar conditions. Bacterial suspensions (1 x 10 super(8) CFU/ml) were sprayed on pear and apple trees at 50% bloom near midday. The incidence of recovery (proportion of blossoms containing detectable populations) and the population sizes of the bacteria on individual blossoms with detectable populations were followed over a period of several days. Fluorescent microspheres (1 mu m in diameter) were added to sprays at a concentration of 1 x 10 super(7) microspheres per ml to mark blossoms that were open during application of bacteria. After dilution-plating, the stigmas and styles of each blossom were examined for the presence of microspheres with an epifluorescence microscope. In three of five trials, bacteria applied as suspensions of lyophilized cells were recovered from a greater proportion of blossoms than bacterial cells harvested directly from culture media. Every blossom harvested within 6 days after spraying had microspheres present on the surfaces of the styles and stigmas; thus, lack of establishment of detectable populations, rather than escape of blossoms from spray inoculation, accounted for the differences in proportion of blossoms colonized by the different preparations of bacteria. The use of lyophilized cells in field trials decreased variability in the establishment of bacteria on blossoms. JF - Phytopathology AU - Stockwell, VO AU - Johnson, K B AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA, stockwev@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 506 EP - 513 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Plant diseases KW - Fluorescence KW - Trees KW - Inoculum KW - Fireblight KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17563016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+bacterial+antagonists+of+Erwinia+amylovora+on+pear+and+apple+blossoms+as+influenced+by+inoculum+preparation&rft.au=Stockwell%2C+VO%3BJohnson%2C+K+B%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stockwell&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Biological control; Inoculum; Trees; Fireblight; Fluorescence; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal inactivation of Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells in ground beef and turkey as affected by sodium pyrophosphate AN - 17358730; 4554785 AB - The heat resistance (55-65 degree C) of Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells in ground beef and turkey that included 0, 0.15 or 0.3% (w/w) sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) was assessed in bags heated using a water bath. The surviving cell population was assayed on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. The decimal reduction (D)-values in beef that included no SPP were 21.6, 10.2, 5.3, and 1.6 min at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5 degree C, respectively; the values in turkey ranged from 17.5 min at 55 degree C to 1.3 min at 62.5 degree C. Addition of 0.15% SPP resulted in concomitant decrease in heat resistance as evidenced by reduced bacterial D-values. The D-values in beef that included 0.15% SPP were 17.9, 9.4, 3.5, and 1.2 min at 55, 57.5, 60, and 62.5 degree C, respectively; the values in turkey ranged from 16.2 min at 55 degree C to 1.1 min at 62.5 degree C. The heat resistance was further decreased when the SPP level in beef and turkey was increased to 0.3%. Heating such products to an internal temperature of 65 degree C for 1 min killed >8log sub(10)cfug super(-1). The z-values in beef and turkey for all treatments were similar, ranging from 6.22 to 6.77 degree C. Thermal death time values from this study should assist institutional food service settings in the design of thermal processes that ensure safety against C. perfringens in cooked beef and turkey. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marmer, B S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 281 EP - 287 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - ground beef KW - turkey KW - sodium pyrophosphate KW - tetrasodium pyrophosphate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Beef KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Sterilization KW - Heat inactivation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17358730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Thermal+inactivation+of+Clostridium+perfringens+vegetative+cells+in+ground+beef+and+turkey+as+affected+by+sodium+pyrophosphate&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1997.0173 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Heat inactivation; Sterilization; Beef DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1997.0173 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polygalacturonases of a latent and wound postharvest fungal pathogen of muskmelon fruit AN - 17356630; 4507701 AB - Partially purified endo- and exo-polygalacturonases (PG) from two fungal pathogens (Phomopsis cucurbitae and Rhizopus stolonifer) were compared in relation to their ability to macerate netted muskmelon tissue at different stages of fruit development. PG extracts from P. cucurbitae, a latent infection pathogen, produced little maceration until fruit were 50 days post-anthesis (10 days postharvest). In contrast, PGs from R. stolonifer, a wound pathogen, produced high levels of maceration at all stages of fruit development from 20 to 50 days post-anthesis. Both pathogens demonstrated highest levels of total PG activity in mesocarp and lowest levels in exocarp (peel) tissues. Isoelectrofocusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated two prominent PG isozymes in R. stolonifer and nine isozymes in P. cucurbitae. Cell wall carbohydrate analysis showed an approximately 6-fold decrease in galactosyl residue content between 10 and 50 days post-anthesis in uninfected fruit. Infected fruit showed approximately 7- and 8-fold decreases in galacturonic acid content when infected with P. cucurbitae and R. stolonifer, respectively. Significant decreases in cell wall rhamnosyl and arabinosyl residues occurred during infection of fruit with both pathogens. These results support a role for cell wall pectin degradation during the decay process of muskmelon by these pathogens. The ability to macerate fruit tissue, as related to the latent infection phenomenon, may be due to substrate specificity or inhibitors present in muskmelon fruit tissue. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Bruton, B D AU - Conway, W S AU - Gross, K C AU - Zhang, J X AU - Biles, CL AU - Sams, CE AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Lane, OK 74555, USA, bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 205 EP - 214 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Polygalacturonase KW - Rhizopus stolonifer KW - Phomopsis cucurbitae KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17356630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Polygalacturonases+of+a+latent+and+wound+postharvest+fungal+pathogen+of+muskmelon+fruit&rft.au=Bruton%2C+B+D%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BGross%2C+K+C%3BZhang%2C+J+X%3BBiles%2C+CL%3BSams%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Bruton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0925-5214%2898%2900013-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phomopsis cucurbitae; Rhizopus stolonifer; Polygalacturonase; Post-harvest decay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00013-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular support for the hybrid origin of the wild potato species Solanum x rechei AN - 17287809; 4525352 AB - Twenty-seven of the 232 wild potato species (Solanum sect. Petota) have been hypothesized to be of natural hybrid origin. Prior molecular data have failed to support hybrid origins involving two other wild potato species, Solanum raphanifolium Cardenas and Hawkes and S. chacoense Bitter, and hybrid speciation has never been supported with molecular data in sect. Petota. This study was conducted to test the hybrid origin of Solanum x rechei Hawkes and Hjert. It is a locally common and weedy wild potato species from Argentina, occurring at the extreme southern end of the range of S. microdontum Wittm., and near the northern end of the range of S. kurtzianum Bitter, its two putative parents. Solanum x rechei is diploid (2n = 2x = 24) with triploid (2n = 3x = 36) populations, S. kurtzianum is diploid (2n = 2x = 24), and S. microdontum is diploid (2n = 2x = 24), with triploid populations at its extreme southern range. A prior study supported the hybrid origin of S. x rechei by intermediate morphology of natural and synthetic hybrids, reduced pollen stainability of the natural and synthetic hybrids, and distributional evidence. Our studies of new collections and prior germplasm collections fail to support the morphological intermediacy of S. x rechei, but lack of morphological intermediacy is common for many hybrids. Hybrid origin was instead verified by reduced pollen stainability and additive parent-specific single- to low-copy nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in S. x rechei. These data suggest that other wild potato species also may be of hybrid origin, which may help explain some of the taxonomic confusion in the group. JF - Crop Science AU - Clausen, A M AU - Spooner, D M AD - Vegetable Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Dep. of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Dr., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1590, USA, dspooner@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 858 EP - 865 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Argentina KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Solanum rechei KW - Morphology KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Solanum raphanifolium KW - Taxonomy KW - Solanum chacoense KW - Hybridization KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17287809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Molecular+support+for+the+hybrid+origin+of+the+wild+potato+species+Solanum+x+rechei&rft.au=Clausen%2C+A+M%3BSpooner%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=858&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum chacoense; Solanum raphanifolium; Solanum rechei; Taxonomy; Hybridization; Morphology; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - White clover response to a water-application gradient AN - 17248265; 4525343 AB - Periods of drought, common during the summer and fall in the southeastern USA, can be detrimental to growth of the shallow-rooted, temperate forage legume, white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Our objective was to determine the growth response (lateral spread, morphology) of white clover to a water-application gradient during the summer and fall on a Marietta fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrept). From May to October, a line-source irrigation system produced regimes of high, medium, low, and zero water-application across parallel 1.0-m rows of three cultivars and three germplasms transplanted (10 plants row super(-1)) into a common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon) sod the previous fall. Plots were continuously-stocked (5-cm stubble) with cattle (Bos taurus L.). Each month, differences in lateral plant spread among entries were similar regardless of water-application regime. Within each regime, spread declined sharply after June and remained near a minimum (<0.20 m super(2) row super(-1)) from August until October. Yield and morphology differences among entries in July were similar in each of the water-application regimes as well. By October, however, there were differences in herbage yield, stolon length, and number of stolon apices among entries at the high water-application regime, but not at the medium, low, and zero regimes. The results suggest that either there is no difference in drought tolerance among these cultivars and germplasms, or that white clover drought tolerance does not impact growth in the presence of stresses such as grazing and associated grasses. JF - Crop Science AU - Brink, GE AU - Pederson, G A AD - USDA-ARS, Forage Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, gebla.msstate.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 771 EP - 775 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - USA, southeastern KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrological regime KW - Clovers KW - Tolerance KW - Cattle KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Irrigation systems KW - Stress KW - Plant growth KW - Drought KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17248265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=White+clover+response+to+a+water-application+gradient&rft.au=Brink%2C+GE%3BPederson%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Brink&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrological regime; Clovers; Cattle; Tolerance; Grasses; Grazing; Irrigation systems; Stress; Plant growth; Drought ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smut resistance and grain yield of pearl millet hybrids near isogenic at the tr locus AN - 17248233; 4525328 AB - Trichomeless pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], homozygous for the tr allele, expresses resistance to smut caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae (Bref.) Vanky. These studies examined the hypotheses that smut resistance is the result of the tr allele rather than a closely linked gene, and that the tr allele has no effect on grain yield in the absence of smut. Trichomed inbreds Tift 90DBE and Tift 8677 and trichomeless derivatives were crossed to produce eight hybrids differing for female parent and genotype at the tr locus. Hybrids were assessed for smut resistance and grain yield. Smut severity of inoculated panicles was reduced by about 13% when a Tift 90DBE genotype was used as the female parent, compared with hybrids produced with a Tift 8677 genotype as the female parent. Smut severity was reduced by about 50% in the trichomeless phenotype compared with the trichomed phenotypes. Homozygous and heterozygous trichomed hybrids did not differ in smut severity. The recessive smut resistance is most likely a pleiotropic effect of the tr allele and not the result of another closely linked gene. Although trichomelessness can be used as a marker to select for smut resistance, both parental inbreds must be trichomeless to produce smut-resistant hybrids. Trichomeless hybrids tended to yield more than trichomed hybrids, but yield was primarily reduced in heterozygous trichomed hybrids compared to the homozygous TrTr genotype. From these results, we conclude that the tr allele can be incorporated into smut-resistant hybrids with no detrimental effect on grain yield. JF - Crop Science AU - Wilson, J P AU - Hanna, W W AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, UGA Coastal Plain Exp. Stn, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, jwilson@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 649 EP - 651 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - double prime tr gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Crop production KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Smut KW - Moesziomyces penicillariae KW - Disease resistance KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17248233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Smut+resistance+and+grain+yield+of+pearl+millet+hybrids+near+isogenic+at+the+tr+locus&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BHanna%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Moesziomyces penicillariae; Pennisetum glaucum; Smut; Disease resistance; Crop production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlled hybridization technique for switchgrass AN - 17242504; 4525355 AB - Controlled hybridizations of plants are necessary for genetic studies, including those that use molecular markers. A hybridization technique for grass species such as switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., with indurate floral bracts has not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to develop a technique for emasculating and hybridizing switchgrass. Emasculations were successful when the top of the stigmas could be seen through the translucent tips of the lemma and palea. Panicle branches containing 25 to 50 fertile florets were emasculated at this stage after removing excess panicle branches. Both sessile staminate florets and the fertile florets of a spikelet were emasculated because removal of the sessile floret damaged the upper fertile floret. Emasculations and hybridization were completed before natural pollen shed, which occurs after 1000 h in the greenhouse. Panicle branches with emasculated florets were covered with glassine bags. Anthers from florets of male parents at a similar stage of development were collected in petri dishes and shaken to induce pollen shed. Pollen in petri dishes was applied directly to stigmas of florets emasculated previously the same morning. The average percentage of crossability [(seed/floret emasculated and fertilized) 100] for crosses that produced seed was 27%, with a range of 4 to 86%. The procedure was successfully used to make controlled crosses in a greenhouse between plants of `Summer', an upland tetraploid, and `Kanlow', a lowland tetraploid switchgrass. JF - Crop Science AU - Martinez-Reyna, J M AU - Vogel, K P AD - USDA-ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Univ. of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937, USA, agro012@unlvm.unl.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 876 EP - 878 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 1679-2020, 1679-2020 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Panicum virgatum KW - Plant breeding KW - Hybridization KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17242504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Controlled+hybridization+technique+for+switchgrass&rft.au=Martinez-Reyna%2C+J+M%3BVogel%2C+K+P&rft.aulast=Martinez-Reyna&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=16792020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Panicum virgatum; Hybridization; Plant breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree resin avoidance by southern flying squirrels AN - 17224172; 4504701 JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Schaefer, R R AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 291 EP - 292 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Southern flying squirrel KW - USA, Texas KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cavities KW - Resins KW - Picoides borealis KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Nests KW - Glaucomys volans KW - Site selection KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17224172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-cockaded+Woodpecker+cavity+tree+resin+avoidance+by+southern+flying+squirrels&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys volans; Picoides borealis; Site selection; Nests; Resins; Cavities; Avoidance behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avian resource use in Dominican shade coffee plantations AN - 17222916; 4504697 AB - We quantified foraging behavior of 19 bird species in shade coffee plantations in the Dominican Republic to document and evaluate their use of food resources in the shade overstory relative to the coffee understory. All species were observed foraging in the Inga vera overstory, and 18 of the 19 species had median foraging heights significantly above the median maximum coffee height. Eight species (42%) foraged exclusively in the canopy or subcanopy and not in the coffee understory. No species foraged exclusively in the coffee, although the Narrow-billed Tody (Todus angustirostris) foraged mostly in coffee. A negative correlation was found between a species' median foraging height in our shade plantations and its abundance in nearby sun coffee plantations. Invertebrates and nectar were the most important food items in the Inga overstory where 95% of the species gleaned leaf surfaces, 63% probed flowers, 58% gleaned or probed wood, 47% used epiphytes (for invertebrates or fruits), and 26% gleaned or probed Inga fruit. In contrast, birds in coffee foraged primarily for invertebrate prey as 42% of all species gleaned leaf surfaces, 21% gleaned or probed wood, 21% gleaned or probed fruit, and 5% probed flowers. The Inga overstory was an important foraging site for most species suggesting that plantations without a shade overstory (i.e., sun coffee) will have a lower diversity and abundance of food and hence are less attractive to birds than traditional shade plantations. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Wunderle, JM Jr AU - Latta, S C AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box B, Palmer, PR 00721, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 271 EP - 281 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Birds KW - Dominican Rep. KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Foraging behavior KW - Shade KW - Species composition KW - Habitat utilization KW - Coffea arabica KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17222916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Avian+resource+use+in+Dominican+shade+coffee+plantations&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+JM+Jr%3BLatta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Coffea arabica; Foraging behavior; Habitat utilization; Shade; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential remediation of super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr contaminated soil by accumulation in Alamo switchgrass AN - 17221473; 4503523 AB - Cesium-137 ( super(137)Cs) and Strontium-90 ( super(90)Sr) are radionuclides characteristic of nuclear weapons testing and nuclear reactor accidents. Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virginatum L.) is a perennial C super(4) species native to central North America that produces exceptionally high biomass yields in short periods of time. In three separate experiments, Alamo switchgrass plants were tested for their ability to accumulate super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr from a contaminated growth medium. Plants in experiment 1 were grown in 33 x 20 x 7 cm plastic pans containing 2.5 kg sand. Plants in experiments 2 and 3 were grown in 30 x 3 cm diameter test tubes containing 0.3 kg growth medium. After 3 months of plant growth, either 102 Bq super(137)Cs or 73 Bq super(90)Sr/g soil were added to the growth medium. Plants in all three experiments were grown within a greenhouse that was maintained at 22 plus or minus 2 degree C with a photosynthetic active radiation of 400-700 mu mol/m super(2)/s and a 14-16 h photoperiod. Above-ground plant biomass did not differ between plants that were not exposed to these radionuclides (controls) and those that were exposed to growth medium containing super(137)Cs or super(90)Sr over the course of the experiment. Plants accumulated 44 and 36% of the total amount of super(90)Sr and super(137)Cs added to growth medium after the first 5 harvests. After the first two harvests, the concentration of super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr in plant tissue and the amount of super(137)Cs or super(90)Sr removed from growth medium declined with each successive harvest. Duration of exposure correlated curvilinearly with accumulation of both super(90)Sr and super(137)Cs by plants (r super(2) = 0.95 and 0.78, respectively). As concentration of both super(137)Cs and super(90)Sr in growth medium increased, plant accumulation of both radionuclides increased and correlated curvilinearly in seedlings (r super(2) = 0.83 and 0.89 respectively). JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Entry, JA AU - Watrud, L S AD - USDA-Agricultural Res. Serv., Northwest Irrigation and Soils Res. Lab., 3793 N. 3600E, Twin Falls, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 339 EP - 352 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 104 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Panicum virginatum KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Cesium KW - Radioisotopes KW - Strontium KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17221473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Potential+remediation+of+super%28137%29Cs+and+super%2890%29Sr+contaminated+soil+by+accumulation+in+Alamo+switchgrass&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radioisotopes; Soil remediation; Cesium; Bioaccumulation; Strontium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest communities at Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado AN - 17189787; 4483717 AB - We classified forest communities of the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, using habitat typing techniques. We differentiate and briefly describe six aspen forests, four dry coniferous forests, three wet coniferous forests, four mesic coniferous forests, and an alder woodland distributed along gradients of soil moisture and elevation. The most widespread forest community is Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium scoparium. Major environmental relationships of these communities are graphed and briefly discussed. Fraser forests are most similar to local forests at comparable elevations, but many Fraser communities are also found elsewhere in the western United States, particularly to the north along the Rocky Mountain Cordillera and west to the Utah Basin and Range. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Huckaby, L S AU - Moir, W H AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 204 EP - 218 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - USA, Colorado KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Altitude KW - Classification KW - Montane environments KW - Plant communities KW - Soil moisture KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17189787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Forest+communities+at+Fraser+Experimental+Forest%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Huckaby%2C+L+S%3BMoir%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Huckaby&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification; Montane environments; Altitude; Plant communities; Soil moisture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of salmon carcasses on stream productivity: response of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. AN - 17174803; 4471753 AB - This study was conducted to determine if salmon carcasses (from spawning adults) increased stream biofilm ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and benthic macroinvertebrate abundance in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. Thirty-six once-through artificial streams were situated along, and received water and drifting invertebrates from, a natural stream. Two treatments (salmon carcass, control) were sampled six times during a 3-month period in a randomized incomplete block design with a 2 x 6 factorial treatment structure. Additionally, two natural stream sites were sampled once for biofilm and macroinvertebrates, one site receiving 75 000 adult salmon migrants during 1996 and the other upstream of spawning salmon. While biofilm AFDM was 15 times higher in carcass-enriched reaches of Margaret Creek, there were no detectable treatment differences in the artificial streams. Total macroinvertebrate densities were up to eight and 25 times higher in carcass-enriched areas of artificial and natural streams, respectively; Chironomidae midges, Baetis and Cinygmula mayflies, and Zapada stoneflies were the most abundant taxa. The increased biofilm in Margaret Creek and macroinvertebrate abundance in both systems suggest that salmon carcasses elevated freshwater productivity. This marine-based positive feedback mechanism may be crucial for sustaining aquatic-riparian ecosystem productivity and long-term salmonid population levels. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Wipfli AU - Hudson, J AU - Caouette, J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA, mwipflitialaska.net Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1503 EP - 1511 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Salmonids KW - USA, Alaska KW - USA, Alaska, southeastern KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Population dynamics KW - Streams KW - Midges KW - Carcasses KW - Invertebrata KW - Biofilms KW - Salmonidae KW - Salmon KW - Benthic fauna KW - Macrofauna KW - Biomass KW - Productivity KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17174803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Influence+of+salmon+carcasses+on+stream+productivity%3A+response+of+biofilm+and+benthic+macroinvertebrates+in+southeastern+Alaska%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Wipfli%3BHudson%2C+J%3BCaouette%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmon; Carcasses; Ecosystems; Abundance; Population density; Macrofauna; Biofilms; Population dynamics; Biomass; Productivity; Streams; Benthic fauna; Macroinvertebrates; Midges; Invertebrata; Salmonidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous callus production and regeneration of garlic (Allium sativum L.) using root segments from shoot tip-derived plantlets AN - 17172386; 4472092 AB - Root segments from shoot tip-derived plantlets of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) clones 'DDR7099', 'PI383819', and 'Piacenza' were utilized as an explant source for continuous, friable callus production. The best callus production occurred on root segments initially cultured on medium with 4,5 mu M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 8 weeks, then subcultured to medium with 4.7 mu M 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) +0.49 mu M 6-( gamma - gamma -dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP) for 8 weeks. Embryogenic, friable callus was transferred to liquid medium for 1 month and then transferred to solid regeneration medium for 14 weeks. The best shoot and root regeneration (85.3% and 35.8%, respectively) occurred on 4-month-old calli from the clone 'DDR7099'. In all clones, regeneration rate decreased as callus age increased. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Myers, J M AU - Simon, P W AD - USDA Vegetable Crops Research, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, psimon@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 726 EP - 730 VL - 17 IS - 9 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Allium sativum KW - Plant breeding KW - Shoots KW - Continuous culture KW - Regeneration KW - Callus culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17172386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Continuous+callus+production+and+regeneration+of+garlic+%28Allium+sativum+L.%29+using+root+segments+from+shoot+tip-derived+plantlets&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+M%3BSimon%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allium sativum; Continuous culture; Shoots; Plant breeding; Regeneration; Callus culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preferential transport of a bromide tracer applied in a pulse of ponded water AN - 17170373; 4471998 AB - The objective of this study was to quantify relations between preferential transport of a solute and initial water content, infiltration rate, and porosity in a field soil where preferential transport was mainly due to soil heterogeneity. We measured the horizontal and vertical distribution of a tracer chemical applied with ponded water to study the flow paths of the tracer. The soil at the site is a Bosville fine sandy loam (fine-mixed, thermic Albaquic Paleudalfs). Strontium bromide (SrBr sub(2)) tracer was applied with a dye (methylene blue) in a 100 or 50-mm pulse of water to soil within eight double ring infiltrometers. After 48 h the soil in each infiltrometer was sampled to 0.7 m. Twelve horizontally oriented, continuous soil samples 0.1 m long were collected at each depth. There were very few dye stains of root hairs, root channels, and pores to a depth of about 50 to 80 mm. Recoveries of Br to 0.5 m ranged from 36 to 56% applied. Bromide recovery was negatively correlated with initial water content and positively with total porosity. Below 0.35 m in depth resident solute concentration at a sampling position was positively correlated with concentration in the layer above indicating preferential vertical flow paths. It appeared that a large fraction of solute transport was through the highly porous areas of the cross-section of soil bounded by the infiltrometer ring. The preferential transport of Br in this study was influenced largely by the properties of the clay layer at 0.35 m that had the lowest conductivity and lowest porosity in the profile and appeared to have cracks filled with sand. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Timlin, D J AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Heathman, G C AD - USDA-ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab., Bldg 007, Rm 008, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, dtimlinsrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 505 EP - 514 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ponding KW - Tracers KW - Bromides KW - Porosity KW - Infiltration KW - Preferential flow KW - Soil water KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Preferential+transport+of+a+bromide+tracer+applied+in+a+pulse+of+ponded+water&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D+J%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BHeathman%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ponding; Tracers; Bromides; Porosity; Infiltration; Preferential flow; Soil water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using nonlinear mixed effects models to estimate size-age relationships for black bears AN - 17164223; 4449762 AB - Size-age relationships for three physical characteristics, body length, zygomatic width, and pad width, were modeled for black bears (Ursus americanus) captured in northeastern Minnesota, U.S.A. Because the curves representing size-age relationships were nonlinear, and because some of the data consist of repeated, longitudinal observations for multiple bears, nonlinear mixed effects model analyses were required. The results are presented as parameter estimates with standard errors and estimated population curves with 95% confidence intervals. Variance estimates obtained using mixed-effects models are compared with erroneous estimates obtained using ordinary least-squares techniques. Comparisons are made between male and female Minnesota bears with respect to parameter estimates and estimated population curves. In addition, the results for Minnesota bears are compared with results from similar studies on bears in other regions. JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadien de Zoologie AU - McRoberts, R E AU - Brooks, R T AU - Rogers, L L AD - North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, mcrob001@maroon.tc.umn.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1098 EP - 1106 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 0008-4301, 0008-4301 KW - American black bear KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Age composition KW - Ursus americanus KW - Body size KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17164223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Zoologie&rft.atitle=Using+nonlinear+mixed+effects+models+to+estimate+size-age+relationships+for+black+bears&rft.au=McRoberts%2C+R+E%3BBrooks%2C+R+T%3BRogers%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=McRoberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadien+de+Zoologie&rft.issn=00084301&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ursus americanus; Models; Age composition; Body size ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of foodborne bacterial pathogens by naturally occurring food additives AN - 17131555; 4434124 AB - In this study, diacetyl (DI), benzaldehyde (BE), pyruvic aldehyde (PY) and piperonal (PI) were tested for activity against Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Shigella flexneri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) required to inhibit pathogens ranged from 0.05 to 7.81 mM. The only exception was C. botulinum which was least sensitive, with DI or PY MIC of 25 mM; the MIC of BE or PI was 125 mM. A 30 min 56.8C heat treatment, of the organism/inhibitor mixture, reduced the MICs of BE and PI by 50-87%, and 77% less PY was required to inhibit E. coli O157:H7. BE or PI reduced C. botulinum spore 80C thermal- and radio-resistance. To determine whether antibacterial plant components exist naturally at inhibitory concentrations, EtOH-extracts of asparagus (As), carrots (Ca), radishes (Ra), shallots (Sh), and turnips (Tu) were tested for antibotulinal activity. As or Ca extracts were antigerminative at 0.07%. When combined equal quantities of As and Ca were tested, less than or equal to 0.03% delayed germination, however. Although no activity was observed when Ra and Sh were test singly, 0.13% AsCaRa, AsCaRaSh or AsCaRaShTu combinations were inhibitory. These data indicate that the naturally occurring food additives may be employed to control the foodborne pathogens assessed in this study. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Bowles, B L AU - Juneja, V K AD - Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 101 EP - 112 VL - 18 IS - 2 KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - Bacillus cereus KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Escherichia coli KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Shigella flexneri KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - benzaldehyde KW - piperonal KW - pyruvic aldehyde KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Food additives KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+foodborne+bacterial+pathogens+by+naturally+occurring+food+additives&rft.au=Bowles%2C+B+L%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food contamination; Pathogens; Food additives; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition, territoriality and maternal defense in a gall-forming aphid AN - 17119292; 4427552 AB - This study reports on the aggressive behavior of the gall-forming aphid Smynthurodes betae West. Videotaped behavior and experiments demonstrated that first instar offspring of the fundatrix protect their galling sites against conspecific competitors (the larger individuals win), as well as against first instar competitors of the sympatric galling aphid Forda riccobonii (Steph.). In mature galls, adult aphids also protect their gall and their offspring from conspecific invaders and natural enemies. The fighting behavior of the adult aphid is unique: the aphid seizes the intruder while lying on its back, enabling use of all six legs and the mouthparts. This is the first documentation of aggressive defensive behavior by adult aphids. Although the aggressive behavior of the adult aphid protects the gall and offspring, no distinct parental care behavior was observed. The territoriality and aggression are highly adaptive because of the limited number of galling sites. Under natural conditions, removal of the adult aphids from the galls resulted in significantly increased invasion by conspecific intruders. The results indicate that the role of interspecific competition and natural enemies in shaping adult behavior is rather limited. The open galls and the unique life-cycle of S. betae encourage and prolong intraspecific competition and facilitate confrontations between adults and invading nymphs. The ability of the adult owner of the gall to prevent invasions of nymphs has promoted the evolution of maternal defense in this aphid. This study supports the hypothesis that galls, as high value resources that combine food and shelter, are often associated with defensive and social behavior. JF - Ethology Ecology & Evolution AU - Inbar, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803-1419, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 159 EP - 170 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0394-9370, 0394-9370 KW - Aphids KW - Plantlice KW - adults KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Galls KW - Smynthurodes betae KW - Competition KW - Territorial behavior KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17119292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethology+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Competition%2C+territoriality+and+maternal+defense+in+a+gall-forming+aphid&rft.au=Inbar%2C+M&rft.aulast=Inbar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethology+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.issn=03949370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Smynthurodes betae; Galls; Territorial behavior; Competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early Salmonella challenge time and reduction in chick cecal colonization following treatment with a characterized competitive exclusion culture AN - 17104481; 4410876 AB - Broiler chicks were treated by oral gavage on the day of hatch with a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT). At 4 h, 1 day, or 2 days posttreatment, chicks were challenged by oral gavage with 10 super(2) or 10 super(4) Salmonella CFU to determine the effects of challenge time on Salmonella cecal colonization. Cecal propionic acid concentrations in two trials increased (P less than or equal to 0.001) within 1 day posttreatment in chicks given PREEMPT, and the increases were indicative of the establishment of the PREEMPT bacteria. Salmonella cecal populations decreased (P less than or equal to 0.001) on average 6 log sub(10) units in these two trials in chicks challenged 4 h posttreatment with 10 super(4) Salmonella CFU. In a third trial propionic acid did not increase significantly until 2 days after treatment, and there was no decrease in Salmonella colonization when chicks were challenged at 4 h after treatment. However, there were decreases in that same trial when chicks were challenged at 1 and 2 days after treatment. The early establishment of PREEMPT followed by challenges with 10 super(2) and 10 super(4) Salmonella CFU resulted in 3% and 3%, respectively, of the ceca testing Salmonella-culture-positive, compared to 28% and 95%, respectively, culture-positive ceca in uncreated chicks. The results from this study indicated that in most instances young broiler chicks can be protected against cecal colonization when challenged with 10 super(2) and 10 super(4) Salmonella CFU as early as 4 h posttreatment on the day of hatch with the PREEMPT bacteria. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hume, ME AU - Corrier, DE AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Deloach, J R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, hume@usda.tamu.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 673 EP - 676 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Cecum KW - Salmonella KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17104481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Early+Salmonella+challenge+time+and+reduction+in+chick+cecal+colonization+following+treatment+with+a+characterized+competitive+exclusion+culture&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Cecum; Colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat resistance and fatty acid composition of Listeria monocytogenes: Effect of pH, acidulant, and growth temperature AN - 17102543; 4410878 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the influence of pH, acidulant, and growth temperature history on the heat resistance and fatty acid composition of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Cells were grown to late exponential phase (OD sub(600) = 0.6) at 10, 19, or 37 degree C in brain heart infusion broth acidified to pH 5.4 or 7 with either acetic or lactic acid. Thermal death times at 60 degree C subsequently were determined by using a submerged-coil heating apparatus. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral-plating heated samples onto tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. The thermal resistance of cells cultured at a particular temperature was significantly lower (P < 0.05) when lactic acid was used to acidify the medium to pH 5.4. Regardless of acid identity, D values significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with increased growth temperature when the pH of the growth medium was 5.4, whereas D values significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increased temperature at pH 7. At pH 5.4 adjusted with lactic acid, D values were 1.30, 1.22, and 1.14 min for cells grown at 10, 19, and 37 degree C, respectively. At pH 5.4 adjusted with acetic acid, L. monocytogenes failed to grow at 10 degree C: the D values were 1.32 and 1.22 min when the cells were grown at 19 and 37 degree C. respectively. At pH 7, the D values were 0.95, 1.12, and 1.28 min with lactic acid and 0.83, 0.93, and 1.11 min with acetic acid at 10, 19, and 37 degree C, respectively. The most abundant fatty acids (44 to 82%) were branched-chain saturated fatty acids (anteiso- and iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0) regardless of pH, acidulant, or growth temperature. However, there was an increase in C15:0 isomers at the expense of iso-C17:0 when the growth temperature was lowered from 37 to 10 degree C. While variable changes in longer-chain fatty acids were found, the percentage of longer-chain (C16 and C18) fatty acids was greatest when L. monocytogenes was grown at 37 degree C regardless of pH or acidulant. This study demonstrates that the heat resistance of L. monocytogenes depends upon its growth conditions. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Juneja, V K AU - Foglia, T A AU - Marmer, B S AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 683 EP - 687 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Lipids KW - Heat resistance KW - Fatty acids KW - pH effects KW - J 02731:Lipids KW - A 01070:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Heat+resistance+and+fatty+acid+composition+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%3A+Effect+of+pH%2C+acidulant%2C+and+growth+temperature&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Heat resistance; pH effects; Fatty acids; Lipids; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model Analysis of Spatial Patterns in Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks AN - 17097427; 4410370 AB - The mountain pine beetle [MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)] is an aggressive bark beetle, one that typically needs to kill host trees in order to successfully reproduce. This ecological adaptation has resulted in an organism that is both economically important and ecologically significant. Even though significant resources have been expended on MPB research, and a great deal of knowledge exists regarding individual aspects of MPB ecology, some of the most basic questions regarding outbreaks remain unanswered. In our opinion, one reason for the lack of synthesis and predictive power is the inadequate treatment of spatial dynamics in outbreak theories. This paper explicitly addresses the role of spatial dynamics in the precipitation and propagation of MPB outbreaks. We first describe a spatially dynamic model of the MPB/forest interaction that includes chemical ecology, spatial redistribution of beetles, attack, and resulting host mortality. The model is a system of 6 coupled, partial differential equations with 7 state variables and 20 parameters. It represents an attempt to capture the relatively complex predator/prey interaction between MPB and host trees by including the minimum phenomenological descriptions necessary for ecological credibility. This system of equations describes the temporal dynamics of: beetle attraction as a function of pheromone concentration; the change in numbers of flying and nesting beetles; tree resistance/susceptibility; and tree recovery from attack. Spatial dynamics are modeled by fluxes due to gradients in pheromones and kairomones, and the random redistribution of beetles in absence of semiochemicals. We then use the parameterized model to explore three issues central to the ecology of MPB/forest interaction. The first of these is in response to the need for objective ways to compare patterns of successful beetle attacks as they evolve in space. Simulation results indicate that at endemic levels, the pattern of successful attacks are determined almost exclusively by the underlying distribution of susceptible host trees (environmental determinism). As an outbreak develops, the pattern of successfully attacked trees switches to one that is dynamically driven by the self-generated semiochemical landscape (dynamic determinism). This switch from an environmentally determined spatial pattern to a dynamically driven pattern is the hallmark of an outbreak. We discuss the application of a spatial correlation coefficient that can be used to differentiate between the spatial distribution of killed trees in endemic and outbreak phases. The second issue we address through simulation is synchrony in adult emergence. Synchronous adult emergence is critical for the mass attack strategy necessary for overcoming tree defenses. Results from these simulations indicate that the degree of synchrony in adult emergence can have important consequences for assessing the risk of an outbreak. The final issue we investigate through simulation is the effect of spatial pattern of nurse trees (those successfully attacked the previous year) on outbreak potential. Simulations indicated that the spatial proximity of nurse trees was an important determinant of subsequent successful attacks. We conclude with a discussion of the general implications of our simulation experiments. JF - Theoretical Population Biology AU - Logan, JA AU - White, P AU - Bentz, B J AU - Powell, JA AD - USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station, Logan Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84321, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 236 EP - 255 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5809, 0040-5809 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Spatial distribution KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Population dynamics KW - Models KW - Dendroctonus ponderosae KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17097427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+Population+Biology&rft.atitle=Model+Analysis+of+Spatial+Patterns+in+Mountain+Pine+Beetle+Outbreaks&rft.au=Logan%2C+JA%3BWhite%2C+P%3BBentz%2C+B+J%3BPowell%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+Population+Biology&rft.issn=00405809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus ponderosae; Scolytidae; Spatial distribution; Models; Population dynamics; Pest outbreaks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of caecal Listeria monocytogenes in Leghorn chicks following treatment with a competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT super(TM)) AN - 17092105; 4393532 AB - Day-of-hatch Leghorn chicks were treated by oral gavage with PREEMPT super(TM), a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture containing broiler caecal bacteria, followed by an oral challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, to determine the effects of PREEMPT super(TM) on L. monocytogenes caecal colonization. Increased (P < 0 times 001) concentrations of caecal propionic acid in control chicks compared with PREEMPT super(TM)-treated chicks at 3 days of age were indicative of the establishment of the PREEMPT super(TM) bacteria. Caeca from control chicks at 7 days after the oral challenge with L. monocytogenes contained mean 3 times 4 plus or minus 1 times 4 log cfu g super(-1) of caecal content, while caeca from PREEMPT super(TM)-treated chicks contained no detectable Listeria. Enrichment for L. monocytogenes resulted in 100% of caeca from control chicks testing culture-positive for L. monocytogenes, while none of the caeca from PREEMPT super(TM)-treated chicks were culture-positive. The results indicated that prophylactic treatment of newly hatched chicks with PREEMPT super(TM) significantly reduced caecal colonization by L. monocytogenes. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Hume, ME AU - Byrd, JA AU - Stanker, L H AU - Ziprin, R L AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 432 EP - 436 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - chickens KW - competitive exclusion culture KW - propionic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Cecum KW - Cell culture KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17092105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+caecal+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+Leghorn+chicks+following+treatment+with+a+competitive+exclusion+culture+%28PREEMPT+super%28TM%29%29&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BStanker%2C+L+H%3BZiprin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Cell culture; Cecum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of photoperiod and prey type on diapause tendency and preoviposition period in Perillus bioculatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) AN - 16558352; 4383016 AB - Attempts at using Perillus bioculatus (F.) for control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the predator's over-wintering biology. This study determined the effects of photoperiod and life stage of prey (Colorado potato beetle) on tendency for adult females to enter reproductive diapause, duration of the preoviposition period, and mortality of females. Perillus bioculatus showed an increasing tendency to enter diapause rather than to initiate reproductive activities as day length decreased. Females that were fed large beetle larvae (mid to late fourth instar) showed a significant increase in the number of individuals entering diapause compared with females that were fed a mix of beetle eggs and small larvae (first to third instar). Probit analysis was used to estimate the photoperiod that caused 50% of females to enter diapause; these estimates were 15L:9D for females feeding on large larvae, and 14.5L:9.5D for females feeding on eggs and small larvae. Females that were fed large larvae also showed a longer preoviposition period and had a slightly significant higher rate of mortality than those fed eggs and small larvae. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Horton AU - Hinojosa, T AU - Olson AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 315 EP - 320 VL - 130 IS - 3 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Perillus bioculatus KW - Photoperiods KW - Food preferences KW - Diapause KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+photoperiod+and+prey+type+on+diapause+tendency+and+preoviposition+period+in+Perillus+bioculatus+%28Hemiptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29&rft.au=Horton%3BHinojosa%2C+T%3BOlson&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Perillus bioculatus; Photoperiods; Diets; Food preferences; Diapause ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fenamiphos transport, transformation, and degradation in a highly weathered soil AN - 16556055; 4397466 AB - Fenamiphos, a nematicide used on corn and sorghum, quickly oxidizes into two metabolites which have similar activities and toxicities, yet are more mobile and persistent than the parent compound. Given the soil and climatic conditions of the southeastern U.S., fenamiphos and its metabolites could be transported from the application site and contaminate off-site water bodies. A three-year study was conducted to evaluate (1) degradation and transport of the fenamiphos parent (F sub(p)) and its metabolites (sulfoxide, F sub(x), and sulfone, F sub(o)) from a 0.34 ha field site, and (2) the utility of the GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) model in describing system response and simulating pesticide transport. Each year, fenamiphos was applied at 6.7 kg ha super(-1) a.i., broadcast and incorporated into the upper 100 mm soil layer before planting each crop. Concentrations of fenamiphos and its metabolites were determined from soil samples taken within the root zone at 50 mm intervals to a depth of 300 mm and from subsurface tile outflow at selected times throughout each sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and hybrid pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) growing season. The GLEAMS model was used to simulate runoff, lateral subsurface flow (LSF), and F sub(p), F sub(x), and F sub(o) losses from the Cowarts loamy sand. An average of 6 and 21% of the total rainfall + irrigation was measured as runoff and LSF, respectively. GLEAMS model simulations were correlated with measured runoff (R super(2) = 0.81) and LSF (R super(2) = 0.89). Field half-lives (t sub(1/2)) were determined by comparing observed concentrations in soil by depth and time to those simulated with the GLEAMS model. Average t sub(1/2) values from measured field data were 5, 28, and 14 days for F sub(p), F sub(x), and F sub(o), respectively. For the three-year study, about 6.2% of the total amount of applied fenamiphos (F sub(tot) = F sub(p) + F sub(x) + F sub(o)) was measured in LSF, while less than 0.1% of the applied fenamiphos was measured in surface runoff. F sub(x) was the dominant compound measured and simulated in the root zone and LSF, with 70 to 99% of measured F sub(tot) being F sub(x). Calibration of the GLEAMS model provided fit of the field data that indicated (1) F sub(p) dissipated rapidly while the two metabolites (F sub(x) and F sub(o)) formed (average F sub(p) t sub(1/2) = 5.5 d); (2) t sub(1/2) values for all compounds remained relatively constant during 1987 and 1988, then numerically decreased in 1989; (3) coefficient of transformation (CT) values for F sub(x) and F sub(o) decreased from 1987 to 1989; and (4) CT values describing transformational changes from F sub(p) to F sub(x) were greater than those describing transformational changes from F sub(x) to F sub(o). Decreases in t sub(1/2) and CT values for F sub(p), F sub(x), and F sub(o) with continued use over the three-year study is characteristic of enhanced microbial degradation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Truman, C C AU - Leonard, R A AU - Johnson, A W AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Lab., PO Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, ctswrlifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 663 EP - 671 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - GLEAMS KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - USA, southeast KW - Zea mays KW - fenamiphos KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Biodegradation KW - Metabolites KW - Microbial degradation KW - Soil KW - Soil analysis KW - Calibrations KW - Surface runoff KW - Field tests KW - Nematocides KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Toxicity KW - Pesticides KW - Model studies KW - Runoff KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Fenamiphos+transport%2C+transformation%2C+and+degradation+in+a+highly+weathered+soil&rft.au=Truman%2C+C+C%3BLeonard%2C+R+A%3BJohnson%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Biodegradation; Mathematical models; Soil analysis; Pesticides; Simulation; Metabolites; Nematocides; Toxicity; Runoff; Fate of pollutants; Microbial degradation; Calibrations; Surface runoff; Model studies; Field tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified drop-box weir for monitoring flows from erosion plots and small watersheds AN - 16556042; 4397455 AB - Sediment-laden flow and chemical-constituent concentration data from erosion plots and small watersheds are often needed for erosion and water-quality impact evaluations and modeling. The original drop-box weir was modified to pass the design flow through the V-notch and box sections of the weir. Approach conditions consisted of gutters and aprons that divert runoff water and sediment to the box at right angles. An evaluation of the effects of these approach conditions on the original rating for the drop-box weir and the effects of not having a false back wall for erosion-plot use was conducted. A rating for low flows was obtained. The rating for the drop-box weir with the new approach conditions was different from the original rating. Three rating equations were fit to the data for the three flow ranges. Observations of weir performance suggested that the reason for the three equations was related to the stepped side weirs. This study and other published studies led to the conclusion that the drop-box weir should not be modified unless a new study of the effects of the changes on the rating are evaluated. The gage height for the design flow for sizing the modified drop-box weir was established. A decision table was developed for appropriate use of the drop-box weir. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bontaoshocton.com Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 565 EP - 573 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Performance evaluation KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Flow rates KW - Weirs KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Erosion KW - Monitoring KW - Sedimentation KW - Design flow KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Modified+drop-box+weir+for+monitoring+flows+from+erosion+plots+and+small+watersheds&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluid mechanics; Erosion; Sedimentation; Water quality; Watersheds; Runoff; Flow rates; Weirs; Performance evaluation; Monitoring; Design flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage effects on surface and groundwater quality in loessial upland soybean watersheds AN - 16555924; 4397459 AB - Evaluation of tillage practices on surface and subsurface water quality is essential for conserving and protecting the nation's soil and water resources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the water quality of perched groundwater (0.15 to 3.04 m) and surface runoff from a 2.13 ha no-till and a 2.10 ha conventional-till soybean watershed for plant nutrients during the 1990-1993 water years. Mean nitrate-N concentrations for all groundwater depths and sites of the no-till and conventional-till watersheds were 4.81 and 5.98 mg/L, respectively. Shallow groundwater NO sub(3)-N concentrations for some storms exceeded U.S. Drinking Water Standards. However, in a forested riparian zone, only 61 m down slope from the conventional-till watershed, the mean NO sub(3)-N concentration in groundwater was only 0.29 mg/L. Higher nutrient concentrations in surface runoff from the no-till watershed reflect the lack of sediment to sorb soluble PO sub(4)-P as well as the leaching of crop and weed residues. Despite greater runoff from the conventional-till watershed, soluble nutrient losses were generally similar from the no-till watershed due to the higher nutrient concentrations. Nutrient concentrations in surface runoff from both watersheds peaked a few days after a broadcast application of 0-20-20 and decreased during subsequent storms. Alternative methods of fertilizer application are needed to reduce nutrient concentrations in surface runoff. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Schreiber, J D AU - Cullum, R F AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 607 EP - 614 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - Surface water KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Agricultural practices KW - Surface runoff KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Soybeans KW - Tillage KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Tillage+effects+on+surface+and+groundwater+quality+in+loessial+upland+soybean+watersheds&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+J+D%3BCullum%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural practices; Leaching; Nitrates; Surface water; Nutrients; Watersheds; Water quality; Soybeans; Tillage; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater; Agricultural runoff; Nutrient concentrations; Agricultural practices; Surface runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variability of runoff and soil properties on small watersheds in similar soil-map units AN - 16555221; 4397456 AB - Soil hydraulic property information is important for watershed modeling of runoff, water quality, and erosion. The source of soils information for these data is often soil-survey maps. Runoff data from two small, adjacent agricultural watersheds at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service experimental watershed facility near Coshocton, Ohio, that are visually similar, show that annual runoff can be much higher on one watershed compared with the other. The soil map generally available to a practitioner for the watersheds shows the soils for both watersheds to be mapped in the same soil series. Available hydrologic and soil-characterization data were analyzed and suggest that the soil characteristic and moisture differences in areas upstream from each watershed outlet are responsible for at least some of the differences in watershed response to precipitation. Geologic conditions in the higher-yielding watershed may also be a factor. The results suggest that deterministic and random spatial variability of soil information within soil map units (at small scales) would be necessary for adequately modeling watershed runoff. The study has implications for watershed model development, GIS, and precision-farming applications. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bonta, J V AD - Research Hydraulic Engineer, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bontaoshocton.com Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 575 EP - 585 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Ohio KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Erosion KW - Soil properties KW - Hydrology KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Runoff KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+of+runoff+and+soil+properties+on+small+watersheds+in+similar+soil-map+units&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Soil properties; Hydrology; Water quality; Watersheds; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2-Nitroacetanilide as substrate for determination of aryl acylamidase activity in soils AN - 16547069; 4358260 AB - A direct colorimetric assay for measuring aryl acylamidase activity in soils is described using 2-nitroacetanilide (2-NAA) as substrate. The assay is based upon an increase in absorption (410 nm) due to formation of the chromogenic hydrolysis product 2-nitroaniline, after incubation of soil with 2-NAA (2.0 mM) in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). Due to low specific activities (5-53 nmol g super(-1) soil h super(-1)) incubations of 20-24 h are required. 2-NAA hydrolytic activity in soil was dependent on substrate concentration, with apparent K sub(m) values of 180 to 920 mu M for the soils examined. 2-NAA aryl acylamidase activity was linear for a 35 h incubation. The activity was reduced by 71 to 85% in the presence of carbaryl (100 mu M), an aryl acylamidase inhibitor. Aryl acylamidase activity was increased from 1.31 to 2.78-fold in no-till (NT) soils compared to conventional-till (CT) soils, corresponding with increased organic matter accumulation and microbial activity in the four (NT) soils studied. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Wagner, S C AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Laboratory, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA, bzabloto@ag.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 679 EP - 686 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - 2-nitroacetanilide KW - aryl acylamidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Soil KW - Bioassays KW - Soil microorganisms KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=2-Nitroacetanilide+as+substrate+for+determination+of+aryl+acylamidase+activity+in+soils&rft.au=Zablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BHoagland%2C+R+E%3BWagner%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Zablotowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Bioassays; Soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure Activity Relationships of Phenyl Alkyl Alcohols, Phenyl Alkyl Amines, and Cinnamyl Alcohol Derivatives as Attractants for Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica spp.) AN - 16547018; 4349914 AB - In field trapping tests, phenyl alkyl amines and phenyl alkyl alcohols with 2-carbon side chains attracted significantly more adult females of the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, than did phenyl alkyl amines or phenyl alkyl alcohols with 1-, 3-, or 4-carbon side chains. Both sexes of northern corn rootworm were attracted to 2-phenyl-1-ethylamine in greater numbers than to 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, whereas the latter was the better attractant in the case of female western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Differences in attractancy between the 2 compounds were attributed to differences in atomic charge; electrostatic charge was calculated to be -1.10 on the nitrogen atom in 2-phenyl-1-ethylamine but only -0.70 on the oxygen atom in 2-phenyl-1-ethanol. Northern corn rootworms responded in significantly greater numbers when the 2 compounds were blended than when a dose of either compound was increased 10-fold. This observation does not support the idea that 2-phenyl-1-ethylamine substitutes for 2-phenyl-1-ethanol at a phenyl alkyl alcohol recognition site. In the case of cinnamyl alcohol derivatives, cinnamyl alcohol attracted the most northern corn rootworms, but cinnamaldehyde attracted the most western corn rootworms of both sexes. Male western corn rootworms responded to only cinnamaldehyde. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Petroski, R J AU - Hammack, L AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 688 EP - 694 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - 2-phenyl-1-ethanol KW - 2-phenyl-1-ethylamine KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - cinnamaldehyde KW - cinnamyl alcohol KW - cinnamyl alcohols KW - males KW - phenyl alkyl alcohols KW - phenyl alkyl amines KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Attractants KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Diabrotica KW - Volatiles KW - Traps KW - Structure-activity relationships KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18004:Olfaction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Structure+Activity+Relationships+of+Phenyl+Alkyl+Alcohols%2C+Phenyl+Alkyl+Amines%2C+and+Cinnamyl+Alcohol+Derivatives+as+Attractants+for+Adult+Corn+Rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%3A+Diabrotica+spp.%29&rft.au=Petroski%2C+R+J%3BHammack%2C+L&rft.aulast=Petroski&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=688&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Diabrotica; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Attractants; Structure-activity relationships; Traps; Volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an Important Predator of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16546717; 4349927 AB - The lethal and sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith against the coccinellid predator Serangium parcesetosum Sicard were studied in the laboratory. We also tested if the ingestion of whiteflies contaminated with B. bassiana affected predator survivorship in 3 tests: (1) S. parcesetosum larvae were fed contaminated whiteflies for a 10-d period; (2) larvae were fed 1 time-only prey contaminated 24-, 48-, 72-, or 96-h previously; and (3) larvae were fed prey after the conidia were washed off the leaves and prey cuticles. The predator had significantly lower survivorship when sprayed with B. bassiana than with P. fumosoroseus. However, survivorship was not affected by the dosage rates for each pathogen. Survivorship curves for P. fumosoroseus treatments also did not differ significantly from blank and carder controls. Mean larval duration was longest ( approximately 22.5 d) in S. parcesetosum sprayed at the medium and high dosages of B. bassiana, intermediate ( approximately 20 d) for the low dosage of B. bassiana, and lowest ( approximately 18 d) for the blank and carrier controls and the P. fumosoroseus treatments. The pupal stages averaged 6.6-8.0 d. Mean adult body weights ranged from 0.97 mg (B. bassiana low dosage) to 1.54 mg (P. fumosoroseus medium dosage), but were not significantly different. Analysis of cumulative predation showed that predators sprayed with P. fumosoroseus consumed prey at a rate similar to that of the controls ( approximately 130 prey daily per predator), which was significantly higher than that of predators sprayed with B. bassiana ( approximately 60 prey daily per predator). Again, dosage was not a significant factor. Feeding on B. bassiana-contaminated prey caused approximately 86% mortality in S. parcesetosum immatures, compared with approximately 13% in the controls. Prey contaminated 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h previously induced mortalities of 92.5, 71.4, 71.4, and 44.4%, respectively. Washing conidia off the leaves and the cuticle of whiteflies did not result in lowered mortality of the predator relative to the other treatments. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Poprawski, T J AU - Legaspi, J C AU - Parker, P E AD - Beneficial Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 785 EP - 795 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Whiteflies KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Predators KW - Pathogenicity KW - Coccinellidae KW - Fungi KW - Entomopathogenic fungi KW - Serangium parcesetosum KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16546717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Entomopathogenic+Fungi+on+Serangium+parcesetosum+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29%2C+an+Important+Predator+of+Whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Poprawski%2C+T+J%3BLegaspi%2C+J+C%3BParker%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Poprawski&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Beauveria bassiana; Coccinellidae; Serangium parcesetosum; Fungi; Predators; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Entomopathogenic fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potentially complex biosphere responses to transient global warming AN - 16546141; 4386237 AB - Feedback interactions between terrestrial vegetation and climate could alter predictions of the responses of both systems to a doubling of atmospheric CO sub(2). Most previous analyses of biosphere responses to global warming have used output from equilibrium simulations of current and future climate, as compared to more recently available transient GCM simulations. We compared the vegetation responses to these two different classes of GCM simulation (equilibrium and transient) using an equilibrium vegetation distribution model, MAPSS. Average climatologies were extracted from the transient GCM simulations for current and doubled (2x) CO sub(2) concentrations (taken to be 2070-2099) for use by the equilibrium vegetation model. However, the 2 x CO sub(2) climates extracted from the transient GCM simulations were not in equilibrium, having attained only about 65% of their eventual 2 x CO sub(2) equilibrium temperature change. Most of the differences in global vegetation response appeared to be related to a very different simulated change in the pole to tropic temperature gradient. Also, the transient scenarios produced much larger increases of precipitation in temperate latitudes, commensurate with a minimum in the latitudinal temperature change. Thus, the (equilibrium) global vegetation response, under the transient scenarios, tends more to a greening than a decline in vegetation density, as often previously simulated. It may be that much of the world could become greener during the early phases of global warming, only to reverse in later, more equilibrial stages. However, whether or not the world's vegetation experiences large drought-induced declines or perhaps large vegetation expansions in early stages could be determined by the degree to which elevated CO sub(2) will actually benefit natural vegetation, an issue still under debate. There may occur oscillations, perhaps on long timescales, between greener and drier phases, due to different frequency responses of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-biosphere interactions. Such oscillations would likely, of themselves, impart further reverberations to the coupled Earth System. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Neilson, R P AU - Drapek, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, neilson@fsl.orst.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 505 EP - 521 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Climatic changes KW - Biosphere KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Climate KW - Vegetation KW - Simulation KW - Global warming KW - Carbon dioxide KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16546141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Potentially+complex+biosphere+responses+to+transient+global+warming&rft.au=Neilson%2C+R+P%3BDrapek%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climate; Terrestrial environments; Biosphere; Simulation; Carbon dioxide; Vegetation patterns; Vegetation; Global warming; Climatic changes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Palatability of Coloradia pandora (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Eggs to a Rodent Predator: Contributions of Physical and Chemical Characteristics AN - 16544239; 4349917 AB - Field observations of remnants from predation on pandora moths, Coloradia pandora Blake, suggested that eggs from gravid females were being rejected. Captive feeding trials with golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis Say, verified that this rodent is a natural enemy of C. pandora that rejects eggs while feeding on moths. Nutritional analyses indicated C. pandora moths (both females and males) and eggs are of comparable food quality, so additional feeding trials were conducted to determine why eggs were unpalatable to the ground squirrels. Chemical fractions of eggs did not inhibit consumption consistently enough to explain the rejection behavior; neither did the extracted residue of egg tissue. Whole eggs, whole shells, and ground shells did inhibit consumption by the same ground squirrels. A follow-up trial with a naive group of S. lateralis confirmed that whole eggs and whole shells inhibit consumption. Consumption of egg contents was equivalent to controls for both groups of S. lateralis. We conclude that C. pandora eggs are protected physically, but not chemically, from consumption by S. lateralis. The foraging range of S. lateralis, a generalist predator in central Oregon, includes the lower canopy of pine (Pinus spp.) forests where C. pandora eggs are deposited. Therefore, the tough eggshell probably inhibits S. lateralis predation of C. pandora eggs under natural conditions. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Gerson, E A AU - Kelsey, R G AU - McComb, W C AU - Ross, D W AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 709 EP - 716 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Butterflies KW - Giant silkworm moths KW - Golden-mantled ground squirrel KW - Lepidoptera KW - Moths KW - Royal moths KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Natural enemies KW - Predation KW - Eggs KW - Feeding behavior KW - Spermophilus lateralis KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Palatability KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Coloradia pandora KW - Volatiles KW - Saturniidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18057:Group behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16544239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Palatability+of+Coloradia+pandora+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Saturniidae%29+Eggs+to+a+Rodent+Predator%3A+Contributions+of+Physical+and+Chemical+Characteristics&rft.au=Gerson%2C+E+A%3BKelsey%2C+R+G%3BMcComb%2C+W+C%3BRoss%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coloradia pandora; Lepidoptera; Saturniidae; Spermophilus lateralis; Predation; Volatiles; Eggs; Palatability; Natural enemies; Avoidance behavior; Feeding behavior; Chemical stimuli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phospholipid fatty acid profiles and carbon utilization patterns for analysis of microbial community structure under field and greenhouse conditions AN - 16539936; 4348141 AB - The description of soil microbial community structure by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles is based on the relationship between the phylogeny of microorganisms and their PLFA profiles. Based on this relationship, two community based microbiological measurements, namely, potential C source utilization patterns in Biolog microtiter plates and PLFA profiles were used to examine metabolic fingerprints of soil microbial communities and changes in species composition between field and greenhouse soils. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted using Palouse and Ritzville silt loams. Soil sampled under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pea (Pisum sativa L.), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica L.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), and control soils (no plants) were used for these analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFA profiles and C source utilization patterns were used to describe changes in microbial biomass and metabolic fingerprints from the two soil types under field and greenhouse conditions. Biomass measurements from extractable PLFA profiles per g dry weight ranged from 28.8 nmol in wheat soil in the greenhouse to 71.4 nmol in pea soil in the field. In general, biomass was higher in all the field samples than in greenhouse samples. Principal component analysis of the two soils with different plants in the field and greenhouse showed clear separation. Principal component analysis of C utilization patterns on the effects of environment on soil microbial community yielded similar results with PLFA measurements. However, higher variability observed among different plants with the Biolog data resulted in the low amount of variance for Biolog data explained by the first two dimensions of the PCA. This suggests that PLFA may be more sensitive for community analysis than the Biolog technique. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Kennedy, A C AD - USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA, ibekwe@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 151 EP - 163 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - barley KW - carbon KW - pea KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Carbon sources KW - Pisum sativum KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Phospholipids KW - Phylogeny KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Biomass KW - Greenhouses KW - Aegilops cylindrica KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Phospholipid+fatty+acid+profiles+and+carbon+utilization+patterns+for+analysis+of+microbial+community+structure+under+field+and+greenhouse+conditions&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BKennedy%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aegilops cylindrica; Bromus tectorum; Hordeum vulgare; Pisum sativum; Triticum aestivum; Greenhouses; Fatty acid composition; Carbon sources; Biomass; Phylogeny; Soil microorganisms; Phospholipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microgeographic and Vertical Distribution of Acromyrmex landolti (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nests in a Neotropical Savanna AN - 16527909; 4349906 AB - Nests of the grass-cutting attine ant Acromyrmex landolti were excavated in a lowland tropical savanna in eastern Colombia over a period of 27 mo. Of 135 colonies, nests excavated during the dry season were deeper, had more chambers, and were approximately 2.5 times larger than those excavated in the same area of native savanna during the wet season. Chambers containing fungus gardens were found to a depth exceeding 2 m during the dry season. During the rainy season, all chambers containing fungus gardens were located within 30 cm of the soil surface. Individual chamber size did not vary seasonally. During the rainy season, colonies relocated to superficial chambers and were smallest in terms of total colony volume and number of chambers per colony. During the dry season, colonies excavated new chambers to depths where soil moisture asymptotically approached a maximum level. Maps of colony location and microtopography of the savanna revealed an aggregated distribution associated with microrelief. Colonies were aggregated on slightly raised ridges that were most likely caused by surface water runoff. Implications for sampling and control are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lapointe, S L AU - Serrano AU - Jones, P G AD - U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3020 Plymouth Oaks Road, Apopka, FL 32712, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 636 EP - 641 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ants KW - Colombia KW - Hymenoptera KW - seasonal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Microgeographic+and+Vertical+Distribution+of+Acromyrmex+landolti+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+Nests+in+a+Neotropical+Savanna&rft.au=Lapointe%2C+S+L%3BSerrano%3BJones%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Lapointe&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Reproductive Development as a Function of Temperature AN - 16526157; 4349912 AB - The effect of temperature on reproductive development in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was examined at 12.8, 18.3, 23.9, 29.4, 32.2, and 35.0 degree C and a 13:11 (L:D) h photoperiod through the use of dissections at specific ages. Logistic functions were used to describe age-frequencies of the presence of eggs, eggs with visible yolk, mature eggs, early reproductive testes (beginning of visible sperm accumulation in the centers of testis lobes), late reproductive testes (visible sperm accumulation in outer areas of testicular follicles), and filled seminal vesicles. Development times for 50 and 90% of the populations to attain these development stages were estimated from logistic functions. Biophysical developmental rate models were fitted to the corresponding development rates. Results indicated a marked temperature dependence of reproductive development, with both low- and high-temperature inhibition at observed temperature extremes. Exposure to lower temperatures did not induce morphological characteristics of diapause. These results suggest a need to reexamine previous studies of diapause induction in which differences in physiological ages of weevils among induction regimes were not considered. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AD - Crop Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 675 EP - 681 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Boll+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Reproductive+Development+as+a+Function+of+Temperature&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sugarcane Stemborers and Their Parasites in Southern Texas AN - 16522941; 4349924 AB - Approximately 40,000 stemborer larvae, pupae, and parasite cocoons were collected during 1982-1995 from commercial sugarcane fields and allowed to complete development under laboratory conditions. Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) and Diatraea saccharalis (F.) comprised 92.4% (36,897/39,945) and 5.2% (2,057/39,945) of the stemborers collected. More than 65% of field-collected stemborer larvae completed development and emerged as adults after being transferred to artificial diet; however, 27.5% died during development. Average seasonal parasitization of E. loftini larvae and pupae (including parasites collected during sampling and those that completed development) was 6.2 plus or minus 1.0%. The most numerous parasites collected from E. loftini included 2 indigenous braconids, Chelonus sonorensis Cameron and Digonogastra solitaria Wharton & Quicke, and 2 exotic braconids, Alabagrus stigma (Brulle) [=Agathis stigmatera (Cresson)] and Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh. Average seasonal parasitization of D. saccharalis was 8.9 plus or minus 1.6%, caused mostly by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Meagher, RL Jr AU - Smith, JW Jr AU - Browning, H W AU - Saldana, R R AD - USDA-ARS CMAVE, 1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 759 EP - 766 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Braconid wasps KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - USA, Texas KW - larvae KW - pupae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Sugarcane+Stemborers+and+Their+Parasites+in+Southern+Texas&rft.au=Meagher%2C+RL+Jr%3BSmith%2C+JW+Jr%3BBrowning%2C+H+W%3BSaldana%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Meagher&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of Avian Feces to Fecundity in the Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16522889; 4349904 AB - Adults of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, given access to bird droppings were not significantly more fecund than flies without access to bird droppings. Flies with access to dried torula yeast and sugar had a 7-fold increase in fecundity compared with flies maintained on sugar only. The latter result demonstrates that flies maintained on a diet of sugar alone are nutritionally deprived. Yet, bird droppings were not used to increase fecundity by these nutritionally challenged flies. Reports that other economically important tephritid species use bird droppings as a natural source of organic nitrogen does not seem to apply to the Mexican fruit fly. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Thomas, D B AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2301 South International Boulevard, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 626 EP - 630 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Birds KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+Avian+Feces+to+Fecundity+in+the+Mexican+Fruit+Fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=626&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene, a phytotoxin from crambe (Crambe abyssinica) seedmeal AN - 16481847; 4355636 AB - Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) seedmeal was found to suppress seedling emergence and biomass accumulation when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat (Triticum aestivum Cardinal) and hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) seeds. Hexane, CH sub(2)Cl sub(2), MeOH, and water extracts of the seedmeal were prepared and bioassayed against wheat and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) radicle elongation. The CH sub(2)Cl sub(2) extract was the most inhibitory, while the other extracts inhibited the bioassay species only slightly (MeOH) or not at all (hexane, water). Fractionation of the CH sub(2)Cl sub(2) extract identified the major phytotoxin as 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB), comprising 96.1% of the active CH sub(2)Cl sub(2) fraction. Radicle elongation of wheat and velvetleaf were inhibited by CHB with I sub(50) values of 2.1 x 10 super(-4) M for wheat and 2.7 x 10 super(-3) M for velvetleaf. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Berhow, MA AD - Bioactive Agents Research, USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1117 EP - 1126 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene KW - Grass moths KW - Snout moths KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene%2C+a+phytotoxin+from+crambe+%28Crambe+abyssinica%29+seedmeal&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BBerhow%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Monoclonal Antibody-based Immunoassay for the Detection of Ceftiofur in Milk AN - 16480865; 4355329 AB - Ceftiofur is a potent antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. Recently, we developed a sensitive, monoclonal antibody-based competition ELISA for detecting ceftiofur. In lactating dairy cattle, ceftiofur is used for the treatment of pneumonia. We report here the application of our previously developed ELISA to the analysis of ceftiofur and its metabolites in milk. In this ELISA, raw milk is simply diluted and added directly into the ELISA. Using ceftiofur standards, the immunoassay has a lower limit of detection near 1 ppb. Matrix effects in milk, however, require that samples be diluted and thus ceftiofur levels below 1 ppm were not measured. At fortification levels between 25 and 2 ppm, an average recovery of 99.8 plus or minus 18 was observed. Analysis of incurred residues in animals injected daily with therapeutic doses of drug for 5 consecutive days correlated well with studies by others measuring total super(14)C-Ceftiofur residues in animals given the same dose and regime. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the incurred residue samples only detected a metabolite of ceftiofur - desfuroylceftiofurcystine - at levels below that reported for ceftiofur equivalents in the ELISA. These data suggest that the ELISA is measuring the ceftiofur, in addition to its desfuoryl metabolites and conjugates of the desfuoryl metabolite not detected by the HPLC and thus the better correlation with the earlier radiolabeled experiments of others. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Stanker, L H AU - Buckley, S AU - Muldoon, M AU - Moats, WA AU - Braswell, C AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845-9594, USA, stanker@usda.tamu.edu Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 121 EP - 131 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - cattle KW - ceftiofur KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=A+Monoclonal+Antibody-based+Immunoassay+for+the+Detection+of+Ceftiofur+in+Milk&rft.au=Stanker%2C+L+H%3BBuckley%2C+S%3BMuldoon%2C+M%3BMoats%2C+WA%3BBraswell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Stanker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Components of Competitiveness in Sterile Male Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) AN - 16480618; 4354832 AB - This study examines the relative importance of age at the time of irradiation on attractiveness, mating ability, sperm transfer, prior mating, and longevity as factors of competitiveness in sterile male boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. The amount of sperm transferred by irradiated males appeared to be the most important factor in competitiveness. More sperm was transferred by virgin males irradiated on day 5 than by virgin males irradiated on day 2, and males irradiated on day 5 had greater impact on egg hatch than those irradiated on day 2. The amount of sperm in spermathecae of females mated to virgin males irradiated on day 5 was indistinguishable from that in females mated to virgin control males. Mating ability of males of all treatments was similar. Comparable numbers of boll weevils were captured in traps baited with males irradiated at 2 or 5 d during the first 4-5 d after irradiation, but thereafter, generally more weevils were captured in traps baited with males irradiated at 2 d or with control males. Attractiveness of males irradiated at 2 d was generally comparable to that of control males. More than 91% of irradiated males individually caged on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants lived for 10 d in the field, and 40% lived for 14 d; all individually caged control males lived 14 d. When released into cotton fields, however, the numbers of both irradiated and control males declined sharply over 14 d. Thus, the potential for an effective 2-wk life span in the field suggested by the caged study did not appear to apply to laboratory-reared weevils released into cotton fields. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Villavaso, E J AU - McGovern, W L AU - Wagner, T L AU - Willers, J L AD - USDA-ARS, P. O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 631 EP - 636 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - males KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Components+of+Competitiveness+in+Sterile+Male+Boll+Weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29&rft.au=Villavaso%2C+E+J%3BMcGovern%2C+W+L%3BWagner%2C+T+L%3BWillers%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Villavaso&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Beauveria bassiana Sprays for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Crucifers AN - 16478949; 4354831 AB - Evaluations of the efficacy and persistence of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin for control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), on crucifers were done in growth chambers, the greenhouse, and the field. In growth chamber studies done at 21 or 26 degree C and 60 or 90% RH, neither temperature nor humidity affected the survival of larvae, but treatment with fungal spores always provided significantly greater mortality than the control. In 2 greenhouse trials, 1 application of B. bassiana spores suspended in water or oil significantly reduced larval populations compared to controls. In a field trial, both treatment and insect stage at treatment (2nd and 3rd to 4th instars) significantly affected larval survival. The fungus, formulated as a wettable powder at 2 rates and as an emulsifiable suspension at a high rate, provided significant reductions in larval counts. Two applications of the wettable powder at the higher rate resulted in lower larval counts than did a single application. Two applications (but not 1) of wettable powder at the lower rate resulted in significantly lower counts of 2nd instars but not 3rd to 4th instars. Both treatment and time affected both the persistence of viable B. bassiana spores on leaves and the retention of efficacy of treated leaves for P. xylostella larvae. These trials indicate the potential for including B. bassiana in an overall management program for P. xylostella. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vandenberg, J D AU - Shelton, A M AU - Wilsey, W T AU - Ramos, M AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 624 EP - 630 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Diamondback moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16478949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Beauveria+bassiana+Sprays+for+Control+of+Diamondback+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29+on+Crucifers&rft.au=Vandenberg%2C+J+D%3BShelton%2C+A+M%3BWilsey%2C+W+T%3BRamos%2C+M&rft.aulast=Vandenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of variable area transect sampling using Monte Carlo simulation AN - 16434199; 4330780 AB - An extensive simulation study was conducted to optimize the number, r, of population members to be encountered from each random starting point in variable area transect (VAT) sampling. The quality of estimation provided by the original calculation formula presented by K. R. Parker in 1979 was compared to another formula that was a Morisita analog intended to reduce bias when sampling aggregated populations. Monte Carlo simulations covered 64 combinations of four spatial patterns, four sample sizes, and four densities. Values of r from 3 through 10 were considered in each case. Relative root mean squared error was used as the primary assessment criterion. Superior estimation properties were found for r > 3, but diminishing returns, relative to the potential for increased effort in the field, were found for r > 6. The original estimation formula consistently provided results that were superior to the Morisita analog, with the difference most pronounced in the aggregate patterns for which the Morisita analog was intended. As long as the sampled populations displayed randomness in location of individuals, rather than systematic patterns that are uncommon in nature, the variance formula associated with the original estimation formula performed well. Additional simulations were conducted to examine four confidence interval methods for potential use in association with the Parker original estimation method. These simulations considered only the sample sizes for which the best estimation was achieved in the earlier simulations. The confidence interval method developed by Parker worked well for populations with random spatial patterns, but it rarely achieved 80% (generally much less) of target coverage for populations displaying aggregation. A nonparametric confidence interval method presented here, or a combination of it with the Parker method, is recommended for general use. JF - Ecology AU - Engeman, R M AU - Sugihara, R T AD - National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1425 EP - 1434 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16434199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+variable+area+transect+sampling+using+Monte+Carlo+simulation&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BSugihara%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER -